title: Toc, Tic, Tat et al.: structure and function of protein transport machineries in chloroplasts.
abstract: The chloroplast is an organelle of prokaryotic origin that is situated in an eukaryotic cellular environment. As a result of this formerly endosymbiotic situation, the chloroplast houses a unique set of protein transport machineries. Among those are evolutionarily young transport pathways which are responsible for the import of the nuclear-encoded proteins into the organelle as well as ancient pathways operating in the 'export' of proteins from the stroma (the former cyanobacterial cytosol) across the thylakoid membrane into the thylakoid lumen. In this review, we have tried to address the main features of these various transport pathways.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gutensohn
authors.forename: Enguo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frielingsdorf
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanner
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hust
authors.forename: Ralf Bernd
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Klösgen
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C037989:Rieske iron-sulfur protein; D014450:Electron Transport Complex III