title: Shrinking lung syndrome as a presenting manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus in a female Kuwaiti.
abstract: The shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) is a rare manifestation in patients with established systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only two cases have been reported in which this syndrome was the presenting manifestation of SLE. We describe a 21-year-old female Kuwaiti who presented with SLS. In addition to clinical and serological features of lupus, she had dyspnea, respiratory muscle dysfunction, characteristic chest radiographic findings of small lung volumes, elevated right hemidiaphragm, and basilar atelectasis. There was no pulmonary parenchymal or pulmonary vascular involvement. Nerve conduction study showed right phrenic nerve palsy. She responded well to treatment with corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Haneen Adel
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Raqum
authors.forename: Sukhbir Singh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Uppal
authors.forename: Moudi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Mutairy
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007730:Kuwait; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008776:Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine; D008776:Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate