title: A simple pharmacokinetics subroutine for modeling double peak phenomenon.
abstract: Double peak absorption has been described with several orally administered drugs. Numerous reasons have been implicated in causing the double peak. DRUG-KNT--a pharmacokinetic software developed previously for fitting one and two compartment kinetics using the iterative curve stripping method--was modified and a revised subroutine was incorporated to solve double-peak models. This subroutine considers the double peak as two hypothetical doses administered with a time gap. The fitting capability of the presented model was verified using four sets of data showing double peak profiles extracted from the literature (piroxicam, ranitidine, phenazopyridine and talinolol). Visual inspection and statistical diagnostics showed that the present algorithm provided adequate curve fit disregarding the mechanism involved in the emergence of the secondary peaks. Statistical diagnostic parameters (RSS, AIC and R2) generally showed good fitness in the plasma profile prediction by this model. It was concluded that the algorithm presented herein provides adequate predicted curves in cases of the double peak phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran. mirahmad@uga.edu
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mirfazaelian
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudian
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008954:Models, Biological; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D010621:Phenazopyridine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D011412:Propanolamines; D010894:Piroxicam; C011550:talinolol; D011899:Ranitidine; D010621:Phenazopyridine