title: Urban contributions of glyphosate and its degradate AMPA to streams in the United States.
abstract: Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world, being routinely applied to control weeds in both agricultural and urban settings. Microbial degradation of glyphosate produces aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA). The high polarity and water-solubility of glyphosate and AMPA has, until recently, made their analysis in water samples problematic. Thus, compared to other herbicides (e.g. atrazine) there are relatively few studies on the environmental occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. In 2002, treated effluent samples were collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to study the occurrence of glyphosate and AMPA. Stream samples were collected upstream and downstream of the 10 WWTPs. Two reference streams were also sampled. The results document the apparent contribution of WWTP effluent to stream concentrations of glyphosate and AMPA, with roughly a two-fold increase in their frequencies of detection between stream samples collected upstream and those collected downstream of the WWTPs. Thus, urban use of glyphosate contributes to glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in streams in the United States. Overall, AMPA was detected much more frequently (67.5%) compared to glyphosate (17.5%).
authors.affiliation: U.S. Geological Survey, 400 S. Clinton Street, Iowa City, Iowa 52244, USA. dwkolpin@usgs.gov
authors.forename: Dana W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kolpin
authors.forename: E Michael
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Thurman
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Glassmeyer
mesh_terms: D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D003976:Diazinon / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D007555:Isoxazoles; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014481:United States; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D001280:Atrazine; D003976:Diazinon; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D007555:Isoxazoles; D063065:Organophosphonates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate; C418233:2-amino-3-(3-hydrox-5(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid