title: Advances in understanding angiogenesis through molecular studies.
abstract: Tumors, in most cases, need angiogenesis for their sustained growth. A great deal of evidence has suggested that the process of angiogenesis is regulated by the balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Thus, the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis has been considered to be one of the key targets in anticancer therapy, and more than 60 antiangiogenic compounds are currently under clinical evaluation in cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the activity of many of these antiangiogenic compounds are still not well understood. The recent development of microarray technology has allowed us to investigate the mechanism of action of these inhibitors more rapidly and extensively. With the use of microarray technology, novel molecules and pathways are shown to play a role in angiogenesis. This article also reviews new experimental approaches combined with microarray analysis to identify the molecular pathways involved in tumor-host interactions. Elucidation of the pathways that mediate both angiogenic and antiangiogenic responses will help us to develop better anticancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1201, USA.
authors.forename: Mijung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Libutti
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D004357:Drug Synergism; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D043169:Endostatins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D043169:Endostatins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C026211:fumagillin; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C517019:DUSP1 protein, human; D054638:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases