An in vivo study of the relationship between craving and reaction time during alcohol detoxification using the ecological momentary assessment.
BACKGROUND
To study cognitive interference associated with craving for alcohol, the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method was used to measure the relationship between craving and reaction time. A secondary aim was the study of the predictive factors for craving during alcohol detoxification. The EMA enables both repeated measures of craving in a natural setting and the recording of reaction time without the patient being aware of this.


METHODS
Craving for alcohol, reaction time, sadness and anxiety were recorded 8 to 12 times a day, over three weeks of detoxification in 14 alcoholics (n=1767 measures), on an electronic diary issuing random prompts. Mixed models were used for statistical analysis (alpha=5%, 1-beta=88%).


RESULTS
Reaction time was significantly increased in univariate analysis when a craving episode occurred but this difference did not persist after multivariate analysis. Craving episodes were more frequent and intense than previously reported. Predictive factors of craving during detoxification were: age, gender, sadness, anxiety and the number of previous detoxifications. Antidepressants, anti-craving medications but not benzodiazepines were negatively associated to craving.
Lukasiewicz
M
M
INSERM (Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Medicale), Paris, France. michael.lukasiewicz@gmail.com
Benyamina
A
A
Reynaud
M
M
Falissard
B
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D018401:Sample Size; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines