title: Intravenous iron and recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of postoperative anemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if early recovery from severe post-operative anemia is accelerated by iv iron therapy alone or in combination with recombinant erythropoietin (EPO).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized study, consenting adult patients without preoperative anemia whose hemoglobin concentration (Hb) was 70 to 90 g x L(-1) on the first day after cardiac or orthopedic surgery (POD 1) were assigned to one of three groups: control, iv iron alone (200 mg of iron sucrose on POD 1, 2, and 3) or in combination with EPO (600 U x kg(-1) on POD 1 and 3). The primary outcome was increase in Hb (adjusted for red blood cell transfusions) from POD 1 to 7. Analysis was by intention-to-treat in patients for whom the primary outcome was available. Group effect was analyzed by the ANOVA test, and between-group differences were specified with a Duncan multiple-range test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary outcome was available in 31 of 38 randomized patients. The average POD 1 Hb was 84 +/- 4 g x L(-1). There were no between-group differences in outcomes except for higher reticulocyte counts on POD-7 in the combination group. The average adjusted one-week increases in Hb were 7 +/- 8 g x L(-1) in the control group (n = 10), 9 +/- 9 g x L(-1) in the iv iron group (n = 11), and 10 +/- 14 g x L(-1) in the combination group (n = 10). The average adjusted six-week increases in Hb were 37 +/- 14 g x L(-1) in the control group, 40 +/- 7 g x L(-1) in the iv iron group, and 45 +/- 12 g x L(-1) in the combination group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early postoperative treatment with iv iron alone or in combination with EPO does not appear to accelerate early recovery from postoperative anemia.
authors.affiliation: Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Department of Anesthesia, 3 Eaton North, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada. keyvan.karkouti@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karkouti
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McCluskey
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghannam
authors.forename: Mary-Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Salpeter
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Quirt
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yau
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077605:Ferric Oxide, Saccharated; D005937:Glucaric Acid; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000077605:Ferric Oxide, Saccharated; D005937:Glucaric Acid