title: Research criteria for the diagnosis of birdshot chorioretinopathy: results of an international consensus conference.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present and evaluate research criteria for the diagnosis of birdshot chorioretinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consensus statement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Investigators who attended an international conference on birdshot chorioretinopathy drafted diagnostic criteria, which were refined after comment by conference attendees. Sensitivity and specificity of the criteria were evaluated by review of 82 previously diagnosed cases and evaluation of 80 consecutive patients with other forms of uveitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Criteria, including presence of "birdshot lesions" and mild intraocular inflammation in both eyes, are based on clinical findings in the absence of systemic disease; HLA-A29 is supportive of diagnosis, but not required. Diagnostic criteria were found to be 100% specific and 97.5% sensitive. Positive predictive value was 100%; negative predictive value was 97.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standardized criteria for the diagnosis of birdshot chorioretinopathy will facilitate clinical research and the comparison of results from studies performed at different institutions by ensuring a homogeneous population of study patients.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Inflammatory Disease Center, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7000, USA. levinson@jsei.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Ralph D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Levinson
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brezin
authors.forename: Aniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothova
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Accorinti
authors.forename: Gary N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000592:standards; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens; C035524:HLA-A29 antigen