title: Epidemiological geomatics in evaluation of mine risk education in Afghanistan: introducing population weighted raster maps.
abstract: Evaluation of mine risk education in Afghanistan used population weighted raster maps as an evaluation tool to assess mine education performance, coverage and costs. A stratified last-stage random cluster sample produced representative data on mine risk and exposure to education. Clusters were weighted by the population they represented, rather than the land area. A "friction surface" hooked the population weight into interpolation of cluster-specific indicators. The resulting population weighted raster contours offer a model of the population effects of landmine risks and risk education. Five indicator levels ordered the evidence from simple description of the population-weighted indicators (level 0), through risk analysis (levels 1-3) to modelling programme investment and local variations (level 4). Using graphic overlay techniques, it was possible to metamorphose the map, portraying the prediction of what might happen over time, based on the causality models developed in the epidemiological analysis. Based on a lattice of local site-specific predictions, each cluster being a small universe, the "average" prediction was immediately interpretable without losing the spatial complexity.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Acapulco, Mexico. neil@ciet.org
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000346:Afghanistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003198:Computer Simulation; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008493:Medical Missions; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012984:Software; D019371:Topography, Medical / Q000379:methods*; D014857:Warfare