title: Jesus and the eye: New Testament miracles of vision.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compile and appraise the accounts of the miracles of vision in the New Testament.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a critical analysis of the compilation of ocular miracles using past medical knowledge and historical reconstruction based on the accounts of the apostles and of various historians living in the first three centuries ad.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three blind adult male beggars residing on three different street locations were described. Two had previously had good vision that had declined over a long time and the third had been born blind. The manifestations of the ocular diseases in these cases were meagre, precluding any precise diagnosis. The healing methodology did not rely on physical examination, detailed history, or the use of medicines. Jesus' tools consisted of spitting, touching, praying and the use of words. Visual outcome reported as a complete cure was realized in all three incidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accounts of miracles in the Gospels appear to be historically reliable, yet subject to different interpretations: faith in the miracle (the Christian perspective); sorcery (the Jewish perspective); mythology (the atheist perspective), and scientifically possible human action by a charismatic, compassionate, knowledgeable man (the scientific perspective: psychotherapy or suggestion).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. dr.ahmad@cyberia.net.lb
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Abla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehio-Sibai
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Zaher H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Sbeity
mesh_terms: D001633:Bible; D001766:Blindness / Q000266:history* / Q000628:therapy; D002835:Christianity / Q000266:history; D029221:Faith Healing / Q000266:history*; D005197:Famous Persons; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008513:Medicine in Literature; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000266:history; D012068:Religion and Medicine