title: Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) tablets as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for the routine treatment of drinking water at the household level.
abstract: Household water treatment using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been recognized as a cost-effective means of reducing the heavy burden of diarrhea and other waterborne diseases, especially among populations without access to improved water supplies. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), which is widely used in emergencies, is an alternative source of chlorine that may present certain advantages over NaOCl for household-based interventions in development settings. We summarize the basic chemistry and possible benefits of NaDCC, and review the available literature concerning its safety and regulatory treatment and microbiological effectiveness. We review the evidence concerning NaDCC in field studies, including microbiological performance and health outcomes. Finally, we examine studies and data to compare NaDCC with NaOCl in terms of compliance, acceptability, affordability and sustainability, and suggest areas for further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E 7HT, UK. thomas.clasen@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clasen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edmondson
mesh_terms: D003906:Developing Countries; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000517:prevention & control; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D014227:Triazines; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C011765:troclosene