title: Quantitative pupillometry: normative data in healthy pediatric volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors describe the prospective use of a new hand-held point-and-shoot pupillometer (NeurOptics) to assess pupil function quantitatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repetitive measurements were made in 90 pediatric participants ranging in age from 1 to 18 years, providing a total of 100 measurements under ambient light conditions. The participants consisted of 45 patients without known intracranial or ophthalmological pathological conditions as well as 45 volunteers in the outpatient setting. Quantitative pupil measurements were reliably replicated in the study participants. The mean resting pupil aperture was 4.11 mm and the minimal diameter after stimulation was 2.65 mm, resulting in a 36% change in pupil size. The mean constriction velocity was 2.34 mm/second, with a mean dilation velocity of 2.2 mm/second.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pupil symmetry was impressive in the entire cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The Medical Center of Central Georgia, Mercer University, School of Medicine, Macon, USA.
authors.forename: Angel N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Boev
authors.forename: Kostas N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Fountas
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karampelas
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boev
authors.forename: Theofilos G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Machinis
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feltes
authors.forename: Ike
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Okosun
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Troup
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012016:Reference Values