title: Towards the world-wide ban of indoor cigarette smoking in public places.
abstract: In 1984, Dr. C. Everett Koop, then Surgeon General of the US, presented an important speech on the hazards of smoking. In his speech, he stated "The ultimate goal should be a smoke-free society by the year 2000." In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) has initiated a process to ban smoking globally; on 21 May 2003, at the 56th World Health Assembly, WHO's 192 Member States unanimously adopted the world's first public health treaty, the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Although good progress has been made, reaching the ultimate goal is far from certainty. Therefore, it is time to re-visit this crucial public health activity and re-energize the effort to reach this goal. Since numerous reports have been written on the ban of smoking based on benefits to the smokers, the emphasis of our report is on benefits to non-smokers from their exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We provide a concise review of the impact of ETS on health and economy. In addition, we examined the different interest groups on supporting and opposing the ban, the role of the government, private citizens and medical professionals on this activity, and certain constraints on implementing the global ban. We also provide some recommendations on how to promote the ban globally. Since cigarette smoking is an unnecessary habit that has devastating consequences around the world, banning of cigarette smoking should be a global mission. A global ban on indoor smoking in public places is an important first step in an international effort to prevent morbidity and mortality caused by tobacco smoking and ETS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1110, USA.
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Rivero
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Romine
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Theron C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Toole
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Trollman
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Au
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006076:Government; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D009938:Organizations; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution