title: Phosphorus fractions in manure from growing pigs receiving diets containing micronized peas and supplemental enzymes.
abstract: Different livestock feeds manipulations have been reported to reduce the total P concentration in manure. Information on the influence of these dietary manipulation strategies on the forms of P in manure is, however, limited. This study was, therefore, conducted to investigate the effect of diet manipulation through feed micronization and enzyme supplementation on the forms of P in swine manure. Eight growing pigs were fed four diets: barley-raw pea (BRP), barley-micronized pea (BMP), barley-raw pea with enzyme (BRPE), and barley-micronized pea with enzyme (BMPE) in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Because we are interested in the effect of enzyme cocktail and pea micronization on manure P, we did not reduce the non-phytate P with enzyme addition in this study. The fecal material and urine were collected and analyzed for total P. Fecal material was fractionated to determine the total P in H2O-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl-extractable fractions. The total P in the residual fractions was also determined. About 98% of the total P excreted by the pigs was found in the fecal material. Inclusion of micronized pea in pig diet did not have any significant effect (p > 0.1) on either the total P or the different P fractions in the manure. The labile P (the sum of H2O-P and NaHCO3-P) was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by the addition of enzyme to swine diets. Pigs fed the BRPE and BMPE had 14 and 18% lower labile P, respectively, compared with pigs fed the BRP. Enzyme addition to pig diets reduced not only the total P in manure, but also the labile P fraction, which is of great environmental concern. Thus, the potential of P loss to runoff and the subsequent eutrophication can be reduced by enzyme addition to pig diets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science, University of Mannitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Ige
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Akinremi
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nyachoti
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guenter
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004798:Enzymes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D018532:Pisum sativum; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D010758:Phosphorus