title: In vitro antiviral activity of marine sponges collected off Brazilian coast.
abstract: This paper describes the in vitro antiviral evaluation of 27 different marine sponges (Porifera) collected off Brazilian coastline in the search for novel drug leads. With these sponges aqueous and organic extracts were prepared and tested for anti-herpetic (HSV-1, KOS strain), anti-adenovirus (human AdV serotype 5) and anti-rotavirus (simian RV SA11) activities. The evaluation of the cytotoxicity and potential antiviral activity of these extracts were performed by using MTT assay. Results were expressed as 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) and 50% effective (EC50) concentrations, respectively, in order to calculate the selectivity indices (SI=CC50/EC50) of each extract. From the 40 sponge extracts tested, 17 extracts showed antiviral action in different degrees. The results concerning the antiviral activity were obtained by using three different strategies: (1) simultaneous assay, when sponge extracts were added to the cells at the same time of the viruses; (2) pre treatment assay, when sponge extracts were added to the cells 15 h prior to the viruses infection; and (3) post treatment assay, when the viruses were added to the cells and remained during 2 h prior to the addition of sponge extracts. The antiviral assays with HSV-1/KOS and AdV-5 showed more promising results when the pre treatment test was employed. In relation to the RV-SA11 virus, only the simultaneous assay showed antiviral activity. The extracts presenting the most promising results were the aqueous extracts of Cliona sp., Agelas sp.2, Tethya sp., Axinella aff corrugata, Polymastia janeirensis and Protosuberites sp., and these extracts deserve special attention in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada da UFSC, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Cordeiro
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Jadel Muller
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.forename: Fabiane Maria
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Farias
authors.forename: Amélia Terezinha
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Josivete
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Leonel
authors.forename: Clea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mothes
authors.forename: Célia Regina Monte
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Barardi
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simões
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000187:drug effects; D012997:Solvents; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012997:Solvents; D014020:Tissue Extracts