title: A Scottish study of heel-prick blood sampling in newborn babies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to conduct a randomised-controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of two heel-prick devices (Tenderfoot and Genie Lancet) used in the newborn-baby screening test.
  
  
  METHODS
  a randomised-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  the homes of 340 healthy term newborn babies discharged from the maternity unit of Stirling Royal Infirmary, Scotland. Data were collected between April and November 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  babies were randomly allocated to be tested with either the Tenderfoot or Genie Lancet heel-prick device.
  
  
  METHODS
  primary study outcomes include (1) quality of the blood sample; (2) time taken to collect the sample; (3) number of heel pricks required to take the sample; (4) whether squeezing of heel was required; (5) pain expressed by the baby; and (6) presence of bruising. A potential intervening variable was the experience of the midwife.
  
  
  RESULTS
  on all outcomes, the Tenderfoot device was more effective than the Genie Lancet. Experienced midwives were more efficient in sample collection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  this study shows that the Tenderfoot device saves significant time for midwifery staff, improves baby care and reduces the need for more than one heel prick at each test, making it superior to the Genie Lancet device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  there is a case to be made for midwives to be issued with the Tenderfoot device for neonatal screening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. ashley.shepherd@stir.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ashley J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glenesk
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Niven
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000451:nursing*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003448:Crying; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006365:Heel / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008880:Midwifery / Q000379:methods*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012606:Scotland