title: Update on the relationship between sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that commonly affects older men and is often associated with sexual dysfunction. Recent evidence of an association between LUTS/BPH and sexual dysfunction will be reviewed, as well as the effects of pharmacological treatment options for symptomatic LUTS/BPH on sexual function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Large-scale epidemiological studies conducted worldwide have provided strong evidence for an association between LUTS, erectile dysfunction and ejaculatory dysfunction. In multivariate analyses controlling for age, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors, LUTS have been clearly demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed for the association between LUTS and male sexual dysfunction. These include autonomic hyperactivity, alterations in Rho/Rho kinase pathway, endothelial (nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide) dysfunction, pelvic ischemia, and age-related hormone imbalances. Owing to the link between LUTS/BPH and male sexual dysfunction, patients presenting with one of these conditions should be routinely screened for the other condition. In addition, because medical and surgical treatments for LUTS/BPH are commonly associated with sexual side effects, patients with LUTS/BPH should be monitored for treatment-related sexual outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LUTS/BPH is an independent risk factor for sexual dysfunction in aging men. Further studies are needed to define the mechanism(s) underlying the link between LUTS/BPH and male sexual dysfunction. Additional studies of combination therapy for LUTS/BPH, sexual dysfunction, and other age-associated comorbidities are needed to establish new approaches to the optimal management of these conditions in aging men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. rosen@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors