title: Cyclooxygenase isozymes are expressed in human myeloma cells but not involved in anti-proliferative effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
abstract: Considering possible tumorigenic activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes in myeloma, we examined expression levels of COX-1 and -2 in seven human myeloma cell lines (ARH-77, IM-9, RPMI-8226, HPC, HS-Sultan, TSPC-1, and U-266). As analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), all the cell lines constitutively expressed COX-1, while COX-2 levels markedly varied among different cell lines. Induction of COX-2 by phorbol ester was observed in RPMI-8226 and HPC cells. In contrast, COX-2 was constitutively expressed in ARH-77 and IM-9 cells. Moreover, the high expression level of COX-2 protein in ARH-77 cells was verified by Western blotting. Intact cells of ARH-77 converted 14C-labeled arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2, F2alpha, and D2, and this activity was dose-dependently inhibited by selective COX-2 inhibitors (SC-58125 and NS-398), a non-selective COX inhibitor (indomethacin), and relatively high concentrations of a selective COX-1 inhibitor (SC-560). These COX inhibitors also suppressed the proliferation of ARH-77 cells, but significant suppression was seen only at 100 microM, a much higher concentration than those sufficient for the COX inhibition. Moreover, proliferation of the myeloma cells lacking COX-2 was also suppressed by 100 microM of SC-58125. These results suggested that the anti-proliferative effect of the COX inhibitors is independent of the inhibition of COX-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshikawa
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katsukawa
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Natsuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D011720:Pyrazoles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C090859:1-((4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015237:Dinoprost; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2