title: Comparison of two techniques for retrograde tracheal intubation in human fresh cadavers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During retrograde tracheal intubation, the short distance existing between the cricothyroid membrane and vocal cords may be responsible for accidental extubation. The insertion of a catheter into the trachea before the removal of the guide wire may help to cope with this problem. This work was conducted to study the impact of such a modification on the success rate and the duration of the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Procedures of retrograde tracheal intubation following the classic and modified techniques were randomly performed in cadavers (n = 70). The duration of the procedure from the puncture of the cricothyroid membrane to the inflation of the balloon of the endotracheal tube was measured, and, at the end of the procedure, the position of the endotracheal tube was checked under laryngoscopy. The procedure was considered to have failed if it had taken more than 5 min or when the endotracheal tube was not positioned in the trachea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time to achieve tracheal intubation was similar in both groups (123 +/- 51 vs. 127 +/- 41 s; not significant), but intubation failed significantly more frequently with the classic technique (22 vs. 8 failures; P < 0.05). All failures were related to incorrect positioning of the endotracheal tube. In four cases, both techniques failed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This efficient, simple modification of the technique significantly increases the success rate of the procedure, without prolonging its duration. These data should be confirmed in clinical conditions but may encourage a larger use of the retrograde technique in cases of difficult intubation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Général, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, France. francois.lenfent@chu-dijon.fr
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lenfant
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benkhadra
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trouilloud
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freysz
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D014132:Trachea / Q000033:anatomy & histology