title: Modified reperfusion in clinical lung transplantation: the results of 100 consecutive cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe primary graft dysfunction occurs in 10% to 20% of lung transplant recipients and is the leading cause of early death after lung transplantation. We hypothesized that altering the content of the initial reperfusate and maintaining a low reperfusion pressure after surgical implantation would lead to a low incidence of primary graft dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the records of all patients who underwent lung transplantation at our institution from March 1, 2000, to August 30, 2004. The modified reperfusion technique involved the insertion of a catheter into the main or individual pulmonary artery after implantation. The recipient blood was depleted of leukocytes; supplemented with nitroglycerin; adjusted for pH and calcium level; enriched with aspartate, glutamate, and dextrose; and then administered into the pulmonary arteries of the newly transplanted lung(s) for the first 10 minutes of reperfusion. Severe primary graft dysfunction was defined as a PaO2/inspired oxygen fraction of less than 150 with diffuse infiltrate on the radiograph in absence of other causes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this interval, 100 patients underwent lung transplantation with the modified reperfusion technique. Forty-two patients underwent single-lung transplantation, of which 5 patients required cardiopulmonary bypass for the procedure. Fifty-eight patients underwent double-lung transplantation; all double-lung transplantation procedures were performed with patients on cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no technical complications associated with the modified reperfusion. The mean PaO2/inspired oxygen fraction at 6 hours in this cohort was 252 +/- 123 mm Hg. The median number of days on the ventilator was 2. More importantly, the incidence of severe primary graft dysfunction in this cohort was 2.0%. The early survival (30-day or in-hospital mortality) of this group of patients was 97%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique of modified reperfusion in human lung transplantation is associated with a low incidence of severe primary graft dysfunction and favorable short-term outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif, USA. gschnick@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Gabriel T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Schnickel
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beygui
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shefizadeh
authors.forename: Hillel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laks
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saggar
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardehali
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors