title: Coexistence of microhemorrhages and acute spontaneous brain hemorrhage: correlation with signs of microangiopathy and clinical data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospectively with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging the coexistence of microhemorrhages (MHs) in white patients with acute spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) and acute ischemic stroke and to study the association with imaging findings of microangiopathy and various clinical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before examinations, informed consents were signed by either the patient or a relative. The study was carried out with the approval of the local ethics committee. MR imaging was performed in 90 patients with acute stroke: 45 with acute spontaneous IPHs (24 men and 21 women; median age, 65 and 68 years, respectively) and 45 age-matched control subjects without intracranial hemorrhages (26 men and 19 women; median age for both, 67 years), as determined at computed tomography. MR imaging included transverse T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo, transverse fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, transverse and coronal T2*-weighted gradient-echo, and, in 50 patients, diffusion-weighted sequences. Presence of MHs and signs of microangiopathy, such as T2 hyperintensities or lacunae, were recorded in the white and deep gray matter. The relationships between MH and IPH and between MH and T2 hyperintensities were analyzed by means of regression analysis. Different clinical features, such as arterial hypertension or diabetes, were registered and correlated with the image findings by means of regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MHs were found in 64% of patients with IPH (29 of 45) and 18% of control subjects (eight of 45). A statistically significant relationship between MH and IPH was determined (P < .001). Among the 29 patients with IPH and MH, 24 (83%) had T2 hyperintensities and 13 (45%) had lacunae; among the 16 patients without MH, seven (44%) had T2 hyperintensities and three (19%) had lacunae. A relationship between MH and occurrence and extent of T2 hyperintensities was also identified (P < .001). There was no clear relationship with the clinical data studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support a correlation between the presence of imaging signs of cerebral microangiopathy, clinically silent MHs, and acute IPHs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Uppsala Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. malemany@crccorp.es
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alemany
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenborg
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terent
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sonninen
authors.forename: Raili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raininko
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis