title: Cytokine mediated induction of the major Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded transforming protein, LMP-1.
abstract: In the in vitro infected B-cells six EBV-encoded nuclear antigens (EBNA-1-6) and three latent membrane proteins (LMP-1, -2A, -2B) are expressed (type III latency). In addition, other restricted forms of latency occur in the EBV-carrying malignancies. In Burkitt lymphoma (BL) only EBNA-1 is expressed (type I), while in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), T-, and NK-lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma EBNA-1 and LMPs are expressed (type II). B-cells with these three expression patterns have been detected in healthy virus carriers. While in type III latency two viral transcriptional activators, EBNA-2 and -5, are responsible for LMP-1 expression, the mechanism that controls the expression of LMP-1 in type II latent cells is not known. In order to study the interaction of EBV- and HL-derived cells, we studied the in vitro EBV-converted subline of the KMH2 cells that express only EBNA-1 and LMP-2A. Interestingly, exposure of the KMH2-EBV cells to CD40-ligand and IL-4 induced LMP-1 expression, in the absence of EBNA-2. In BL cell lines lacking EBNA-2 another cytokine, IL-10, could induce LMP-1 expression. IL-10 induced LMP-1 also in tonsillar B-cells infected with the EBNA-2-deleted virus strain P3HR-1. Our results show that cytokines are responsible for the expression of LMP-1 in type II latent B-cells. These signals are available in the germinal center environment and in the granulation tissue of HLs. Based on these results we propose that LMP-1 expression is induced by extracellular signals and is not a constitutive characteristic of the EBV-carrying type II B-cells. Cytokine mediated induction of LMP-1 may also explain the heterogeneous expression of this viral gene seen in normal and malignant cells.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, S-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Kis.Lorand.Levente@mtc.ki.se
authors.forename: Loránd L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Kis
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.forename: Noémi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins