title: Locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer in a tertiary hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The breast cancer incidence among Singapore women has risen through the years and is now the highest in Asia. Despite efforts to promote a greater awareness of breast cancer among the public, a significant number of patients still present with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Our study aims to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics between patients presenting with locally advanced (LABC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and those presenting with early breast cancer (EBC), to identify factors that predict for advanced disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 622 patients who were newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in our department over a 4-year period from January 2000 to December 2003. Patient and tumour characteristics including age, parity, family history, tumour size and histology, grade and hormonal receptor status were analysed. Comparisons were made between those with EBC and those with LABC and MBC, as well as between Malay women and women of other ethnic groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirty-four patients (21.5%) presented with either LABC or MBC. Adjusted analysis found that these patients were older and more likely to be nulliparous than those with EBC. Older patients tend to have larger tumours, but otherwise, age and parity did not correlate with tumour histology, grade or hormonal status. It was noted that Malay women, who were more likely to present with LABC or MBC, were more likely to have oestrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-negative tumours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older women and those who were nulliparous were found more likely to present with LABC and MBC. However, age and parity did not appear to be related to tumour histology, grade and hormonal status. Given that tumour size and stage have the greatest impact on overall survival, efforts to raise public awareness of the benefits of early detection and treatment should be continued, and possibly directed towards these groups of women who appear to be at an increased risk of presenting late.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.forename: M Y P
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006769:Hospitals, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology