title: Pharmacotherapy and smoking cessation at a tobacco dependence clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tobacco dependence medications are effective, and combinations may offer advantages. This study evaluates abstinence rates among smokers treated in a tobacco specialist clinic with individual and/or group counseling plus combination pharmacotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  790 smokers treated at the Tobacco Dependence Clinic in New Jersey from 2001-2003 and contacted 4 weeks after quit-date were studied. Patients received medications and behavioral interventions. Abstinence over the previous 7 days was evaluated at 4 weeks and 6 months. Patients lost to 6-month follow-up were considered still smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 36% of patients were abstinent at 6 months (20% who used no medications, 37% using one medication, 37% using 2 medications, 42% using 3 medications, and 42% using 4+ medications) (P = 0.017). 27% still used medications at 6 months, and had higher abstinence rates (65%) than those who stopped their medications (27%) (P < 0.001). Number of medications predicted abstinence at 4 weeks [adjusted odds ratios = 2.30 (95% CI; 1.27-4.18) for 1 medication, 4.78 (2.72-8.40) for 2 medications, 5.83 (2.98-11.40) for 3 medications, and 11.80 (4.10-33.95) for 4+ medications]. Increasing age, increasing level of education, longer time after waking to first cigarette, more than 7 clinical contacts, and more medications used were related to higher abstinence at 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smokers attending a specialist tobacco dependence treatment clinic who used more medications and for longer duration had higher abstinence rates.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-School of Public Health, New Brunswick, 08901, USA. michael.steinberg@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foulds
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009515:New Jersey; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine