title: Assessment of pulmonary air trapping and obstruction in expiration: an experimental MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the potential of a simple expiration technique by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an animal model to detect pulmonary air-trapping areas after artificial bronchial obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen pigs were evaluated by means of a modified T1-weighted FLASH with fat saturation in respiratory arrest (TR=4.6 ms, TE=1.8 ms, alpha=10 degrees, S.D.=3-5 mm). A measurement of the signal intensity (SI) in the peripheral lung tissue was made in both inspiration and expiration before and after inhalation of 2 ml of 0.5% acetylcholine to simulate a bronchial obstruction. A final measurement of the lung SI was also made after bronchospasmolytic induction through salbutamol (beta2-mimetic bronchodilator).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In expiration, a mean SI increase in peripheral lung tissue of about 183% was seen in comparison to inspiration (mean SI increase of 11-32). After inhalation of 0.5% acetylcholine, the expirational signal increase in peripheral lung tissue was only 114% of the original SI. The expirational signal homogeneity decreased after inhalation of acetylcholine. After inhalation of salbutamol, the lung tissue signal elevation in expiration was 193%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We interpret the low expiratory signal elevation after acetylcholine inhalation as a result of an air-trapped bronchial constriction in certain areas. The simple expiratory technique in an animal model showed that it is suitable to demonstrate obstructive air trapping using MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Leipzig, D-04317 Leipzig, Germany. w.hirsch@t-online.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sorge
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlüter
authors.forename: Gerburg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wenkel
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000420:Albuterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000109:Acetylcholine; D000420:Albuterol