title: Promoter variation in the DC-SIGN-encoding gene CD209 is associated with tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN is known to be the major M. tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells. We reasoned that if DC-SIGN interacts with M. tuberculosis, as well as with other pathogens, variation in this gene might have a broad range of influence in the pathogenesis of a number of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested whether polymorphisms in CD209, the gene encoding DC-SIGN, are associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis through sequencing and genotyping analyses in a South African cohort. After exclusion of significant population stratification in our cohort, we observed an association between two CD209 promoter variants (-871G and -336A) and decreased risk of developing tuberculosis. By looking at the geographical distribution of these variants, we observed that their allelic combination is mainly confined to Eurasian populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations suggest that the two -871G and -336A variants confer protection against tuberculosis. In addition, the geographic distribution of these two alleles, together with their phylogenetic status, suggest that they may have increased in frequency in non-African populations as a result of host genetic adaptation to a longer history of exposure to tuberculosis. Further characterization of the biological consequences of DC-SIGN variation in tuberculosis will be crucial to better appreciate the role of this lectin in interactions between the host immune system and the tubercle bacillus as well as other pathogens.
authors.affiliation: CNRS FRE2849, Unit of Molecular Prevention and Therapy of Human Diseases, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Luis B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Barreiro
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Neyrolles
authors.forename: Chantal L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.forename: Ludovic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tailleux
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quach
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McElreavey
authors.forename: Paul D van
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Helden
authors.forename: Eileen G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hoal
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gicquel
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quintana-Murci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D003713:Dendritic Cells; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin