title: Regionally heterogeneous tissue mechanics in cardiac amyloidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine in vitro tissue stiffness and contractile performance in myocardial amyloidosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Primary systemic amyloidosis involves the deposition of amyloid protein in mesodermal tissues including the heart. Functional assessment of cardiac amyloidosis is usually performed using echocardiography. However, this technique does not involve assessment of preload-dependent contractile reserve (the Frank-Starling mechanism).
  
  
  METHODS
  At the time of heart transplantation, isolated myocardial trabeculae were dissected from the right ventricle of a patient with primary systemic amyloidosis. In vitro length-tension experiments were performed and trabeculae were subsequently fixed, sectioned and stained with crystal violet to determine amyloid deposition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the nine trabeculae capable of generating force transients, various combinations of myocardial stiffness and contractile performance were observed including normal stiffness and contractility, severely increased stiffness with impaired contractility and hybrid patterns. Histological analysis demonstrated varying degrees of amyloid deposition among sampled trabeculae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings extend previous reports of functional heterogeneity among patients by demonstrating functional heterogeneity within a single patient's heart. Our findings also highlight the functional interdependence of passive stiffness and systolic performance in the diseased myocardium and demonstrate the value of dynamic assessments of myocardial performance.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Petre
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Quaile
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Houser
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: Bruce I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Margulies
mesh_terms: D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D013718:Tensile Strength