title: Cyclosporine suppresses cell growth and collagen production in hepatic stellate cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In HCV-related graft hepatitis, immunosuppression has been implicated in rapid progression to cirrhosis, a serious clinical issue. We investigated the effects of cyclosporine or tacrolimus on cell growth and collagen production by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which play a role in hepatic fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured rat HSCs and human HSC-derived TWNT-4 cells were evaluated for proliferation, type I collagen, phosphorylation states of mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; [MAPKs Erk1/2], c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK, p38), as well as the expression of collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclosporine suppressed cell growth and collagen production in a concentration-dependent manner. At clinically relevant concentrations of 0.125 micromol (150 ng/mL) cyclosporine significantly reduced collagen production per cell by more than 50%. Similarly, tacrolimus also reduced both collagen concentration and cell number; however, tacrolimus at a clinically relevant concentration of 12.5 nmol (10 ng/mL) did not significantly reduce collagen production. Treatment with cyclosporine reduced type I collagen and TIMP-1 expression and enhanced MMP-1 expression. Cyclosporine also inhibited phosphorylation strongly for JNK and p38, and weakly inhibited for Erk1/2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated that cyclosporine suppresses cell growth and collagen production, suggesting that it may have an antifibrogenic effect.
authors.affiliation: Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan. nakamuta@intmed3.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamuta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohjima
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morizono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotoh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enjoji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003094:Collagen; D016559:Tacrolimus