title: Humic acids reduce the genotoxicity of mitomycin C in the human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6.
abstract: The antimutagenic/desmutagenic activity of a leonardite humic acid (LHA) and a soil humic acid (SHA) was studied in the cultured human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6 treated with mitomycin C (MMC) as reference mutagen by evaluating the induction of micronuclei (MN). Two different concentrations of HA were used, 2.5 and 10 microg/ml, in three different treatments: (1) HA alone (genotoxic test); (2) HA after 2-h pre-incubation with 0.3 microM of MMC (desmutagenic test) and (3) combinations of HA and MMC at 0.3 microM without pre-incubation (antimutagenic test). Neither of the HA used alone did produce genotoxic effects, but both HAs reduced significantly the frequencies of MN induced by MMC, especially in the desmutagenic test. A slight cell-protective effect against the cytotoxicity of MMC was also exhibited by the two HAs in the desmutagenic test. The LHA showed a desmutagenic/antimutagenic activity that was more pronounced than that of SHA, which is possibly related to the higher carboxylic group content and lower phenolic group content of LHA. These results confirm the antigenotoxic action exerted by HAs in human cells, similarly to what has been previously observed in various plant species.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy. ferrara.g@agr.uniba.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Senesi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcos
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D006812:Humic Substances; D008214:Lymphocytes; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000633:toxicity*; D009154:Mutation; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D006812:Humic Substances; D012987:Soil; D016685:Mitomycin