title: Please understand when I cry out in pain: women's accounts of maternity services during labour and delivery in Ghana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was undertaken to investigate women's accounts of interactions with health care providers during labour and delivery and to assess the implications for acceptability and utilisation of maternity services in Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one individual in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted with women of reproductive age who had delivered in the past five years in the Greater Accra Region. The study investigated women's perceptions and experiences of care in terms of factors that influenced place of delivery, satisfaction with services, expectations of care and whether they would recommend services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One component of care which appeared to be of great importance to women was staff attitudes. This factor had considerable influence on acceptability and utilisation of services. Otherwise, a successful labour outcome and non-medical factors such as cost, perceived quality of care and proximity of services were important. Our findings indicate that women expect humane, professional and courteous treatment from health professionals and a reasonable standard of physical environment. Women will consciously change their place of delivery and recommendations to others if they experience degrading and unacceptable behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that inter-personal aspects of care are key to women's expectations, which in turn govern satisfaction. Service improvements which address this aspect of care are likely to have an impact on health seeking behaviour and utilisation. Our findings suggest that user-views are important and warrant further investigation. The views of providers should also be investigated to identify channels by which service improvements, taking into account women's views, could be operationalised. We also recommend that interventions to improve delivery care should not only be directed to the health professional, but also to general health system improvements.
authors.affiliation: IMMPACT, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. l.dambruoso@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Ambruoso
authors.forename: Mercy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbey
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hussein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires