title: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in the treatment of exclusive cavernous sinus meningioma: functional outcome, local control, and tolerance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) combines the precision of stereotactic positioning with the radiobiologic advantage of dose fractionation.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1997 to June 2001, 30 patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas were treated with FSRT using fixed noncoplanar conformal fields. Patient skull fixation was achieved using the BrainLAB mask (20 patients) or Beverly frame (10 patients). The Cosman-Roberts-Wells coordinate frame was used for stereotactic space definition. In selected cases before 1999, and in all cases afterward, gadolinium-enhanced MRI for image fusion was performed. The median radiation dose was 52 Gy, with a daily fraction of 2 Gy. Patients were regularly followed up analyzing symptoms, tumor progression, and side effects. Neurocognitive function was evaluated retrospectively for 26 patients using Mini-Mental State Examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up period was 50 months (range, 28.2-74.5 months). Preexisting neurologic symptoms improved in 50% of the patients and worsened in 2 patients. Only 2 patients progressed and the actuarial local progression free survival was 93% at 4 years. Tolerance was good with 2 cases of late radiation toxicity which consisted of moderate short-term memory loss and dysphasia in one case and neuropsychologic deficit with seizures in the other. Postradiotherapy Mini-Mental State Examination results showed a median score of 28 (range, 16-30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is a high-precision technique. It is safe and feasible in the primary and adjuvant treatment of cavernous sinus meningiomas. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy allowed local control in more than 90% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitàri de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain 08907. mbrell@telefonica.net
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brell
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villà
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teixidor
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Enric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrán
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: Juan Jose
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Acebes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002426:Cavernous Sinus; D003071:Cognition; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome