title: Benign breast diseases associated with cyclosporine therapy in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to correlate the radiologic characteristics of cyclosporine-induced benign breast diseases with clinical and pathologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical, mammographic, and ultrasonographic records of 33 female renal transplant recipients who received cyclosporine were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven patients had 46 breast masses on ultrasonography. We performed core needle biopsies on 20 masses and reviewed the pathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 33 female renal transplant recipients, 11 (33%) had 46 benign breast lesions detected on ultrasonography. We performed core needle biopsies on 20 of the 46 masses. On pathologic examination, 12 were fibroadenomas, 6 showed fibrocystic changes, and 2 revealed dense fibrosis. Regardless of the final pathologic diagnosis, more than half of the lesions revealed severe lymphatic and venular swellings. Among 11 patients with breast lesions on ultrasonography, 10/11 (91%) showed multiplicity, and 7/11 (64%) bilaterality. Mammographically, patients with breast lesions revealed heterogeneous or extremely dense breast patterns, and 8 of 11 patients, circumscribed masses. Twenty-two patients without breast lesions showed scattered fibroglandular densities (n = 7), or heterogeneously dense (n = 11) or extremely dense (n = 4) breast patterns, and 3 of 22 patients showed vague or asymmetric densities that needed further evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of new breast lesions in patients after renal transplantation should suggest a diagnosis of cyclosporine-induced benign breast disease including fibroadenoma, fibrocystic changes, and dense fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Democratic People's Republic of Korea. ylseomd@yahoo.co.kr
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine