title: Zero-temperature phases of many-atom Bose systems.
abstract: We show that a many-atom Bose system at zero temperature has, in general, a liquid phase in addition to its well-known gaseous phase. A universal phase diagram is presented that is applicable to all Bose systems with a -C6/r6 type of interaction at large interparticle separations. We show that the predicted phase structure has implications on the stability of a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) even at dilute densities that are routinely achieved under existing experimental conditions. We also predict that should have a gaseous BEC phase below a critical density of 5.58 x 10(15) 1/cm3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao