title: Estrogen stimulates transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
abstract: Gene expression from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) provirus is a crucial step for the viral replication. Here we examined a potential role of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in HIV-1 transcription. Transient luciferase expression studies revealed that E2 activated HIV-LTR reporter gene in HEK293 cells when the cells were co-transfected with estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) but not ERbeta expression plasmid. This E2 effect was abrogated by a specific antagonist to ER, ICI 182,780, indicating that it was mediated by ERalpha. Mutation analysis revealed that Sp1 binding site but not nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) binding site of HIV-1 LTR is critical to the E2 effect. In addition, whereas E2 could not induce DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB, E2 could augment both Sp1 DNA-binding and transcriptional activity. These findings suggest a contribution of estrogen for HIV-1 replication through ERalpha by augmenting Sp1 DNA-binding and transcriptional activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Ann Florence B
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Victoriano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Kikuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onozaki
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000187:drug effects; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000187:drug effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D004958:Estradiol