title: Hydrothermal growth of hydroxyapatite scaffolds from aragonitic cuttlefish bones.
abstract: Scaffolds of AB-type carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) were successfully produced via hydrothermal transformation (HT) of aragonitic cuttlefish bones at 200 degrees C. The transformation was seemingly complete after 9 h of HT and no intermediate products were registered. Beyond low production cost, worldwide availability, and natural-biological origin of raw materials, the produced scaffolds preserved the initial structure of cuttlefish bone, featuring good biocompatibility in osteoblasts tests and ideal pore size ( approximately 80 microm in width and approximately 100 microm in height) and interconnectivity for supporting biological activities, such as bone tissue growth and vascularization. The highly channeled structure and the use of fresh cuttlefish bones favored the diffusion of the reaction solution towards the aragonite resulting in fast kinetics (after 1 h, hydroxyapatite was the dominant crystalline phase).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ceramics and Glass Engineering, University of Aveiro, CICECO, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: J H G
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agathopoulos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valério
authors.forename: J M F
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D049832:Decapodiformes; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite; D002119:Calcium Carbonate