title: Quality of care in for-profit and not-for-profit health plans enrolling Medicare beneficiaries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For-profit health plans now enroll the majority of Medicare beneficiaries who select managed care. Prior research has produced conflicting results about whether for-profit health plans provide lower quality of care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to compare the quality of care delivered by for-profit and not-for-profit health plans using Medicare Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) clinical measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational study comparing HEDIS scores in for-profit and not-for-profit health plans that enrolled Medicare beneficiaries in the United States during 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcome measures included health plan quality scores on each of 4 clinical services assessed by HEDIS: breast cancer screening, diabetic eye examination, beta-blocker medication after myocardial infarction, and follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quality of care was lower in for-profit health plans than not-for-profit health plans on all 4 of the HEDIS measures we studied (67.5% vs 74.8% for breast cancer screening, 43.7% vs 57.7% for diabetic eye examination, 63.1% vs 75.2% for beta-blocker medication after myocardial infarction, and 42.1% vs 60.4% for follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness). Adjustment for sociodemographic case-mix and health plan characteristics reduced but did not eliminate the differences, which remained statistically significant for 3 of the 4 measures (not beta-blocker medication after myocardial infarction). Different geographic locations of for-profit and not-for-profit health plans did not explain these differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using standardized performance measures applied in a mandatory measurement program, we found that for-profit health plans provide lower quality of care than not-for-profit health plans. Special efforts to monitor and improve the quality of for-profit health plans may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, USA. eschneid@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zaslavsky
authors.forename: Arnold M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016536:Competitive Medical Plans / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017149:Private Sector; D017150:Public Sector; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D014481:United States