title: An isolated Candida albicans TL3 capable of degrading phenol at large concentration.
abstract: An isolated yeast strain was grown aerobically on phenol as a sole carbon source up to 24 mM; the rate of degradation of phenol at 30 degrees C was greater than other microorganisms at the comparable phenol concentrations. This microorganism was further identified and is designated Candida albicans TL3. The catabolic activity of C. albicans TL3 for degradation of phenol was evaluated with the K(s) and V(max) values of 1.7 +/- 0.1 mM and 0.66 +/- 0.02 micromol/min/mg of protein, respectively. With application of enzymatic, chromatographic and mass-spectrometric analyses, we confirmed that catechol and cis,cis-muconic acid were produced during the biodegradation of phenol performed by C. albicans TL3, indicating the occurrence of an ortho-fission pathway. The maximum activity of phenol hydroxylase and catechol-1,2-dioxygenase were induced when this strain grew in phenol culture media at 22 mM and 10 mM, respectively. In addition to phenol, C. albicans TL3 was effective in degrading formaldehyde, which is another major pollutant in waste water from a factory producing phenolic resin. The promising result from the bio-treatment of such factory effluent makes Candida albicans TL3 be a potentially useful strain for industrial application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, YuanPei University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
authors.forename: San-Chin
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Li-Duan
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yaw-Kuen
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D050548:Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism; D019800:Phenol / Q000378:metabolism*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013696:Temperature; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019800:Phenol; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D050548:Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase; C022336:phenol 2-monooxygenase; D005947:Glucose