title: Distinct transcription profiles of primary and secondary glioblastoma subgroups.
abstract: Glioblastomas are invasive and aggressive tumors of the brain, generally considered to arise from glial cells. A subset of these cancers develops from lower-grade gliomas and can thus be clinically classified as "secondary," whereas some glioblastomas occur with no prior evidence of a lower-grade tumor and can be clinically classified as "primary." Substantial genetic differences between these groups of glioblastomas have been identified previously. We used large-scale expression analyses to identify glioblastoma-associated genes (GAG) that are associated with a more malignant phenotype via comparison with lower-grade astrocytomas. We have further defined gene expression differences that distinguish primary and secondary glioblastomas. GAGs distinct to primary or secondary tumors provided information on the heterogeneous properties and apparently distinct oncogenic mechanisms of these tumors. Secondary GAGs primarily include mitotic cell cycle components, suggesting the loss of function in prominent cell cycle regulators, whereas primary GAGs highlight genes typical of a stromal response, suggesting the importance of extracellular signaling. Immunohistochemical staining of glioblastoma tissue arrays confirmed expression differences. These data highlight that the development of gene pathway-targeted therapies may need to be specifically tailored to each subtype of glioblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Cho-Lea
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Freije
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Zugen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.forename: Ally
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perlina
authors.forename: Yohan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ederlyn Q
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Dia
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mischel
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Liau
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Cloughesy
authors.forename: Stanley F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000235:genetics; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D037102:Lectins; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000473:pathology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins