title: Postoperative functional evaluation of different reanimation techniques for facial nerve repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The facial nerve function after facial-facial nerve anastomosis, grafting, hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis, hypoglossal-facial interpositional jump nerve anastomosis, or a combined approach was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Facial function was assessed after operation using a 7-point visual analog scale (VAS) and by electromyography (EMG) in 53 patients. The final result was judged by May's facial nerve grading system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Voluntary EMG activity occurred on average 4.52 +/- 1.31 months after operation. Initial facial movements were visible after 5.41 +/- 1.80 months. Facial function related to the VAS finally reached 44% of normal value. The result was judged May's grade I in 13%, grade II in 34%, grade III in 28%, and grade IV in 25% of patients. A significant difference in outcome between different reconstruction types was not seen. Age over 60 years was related to worse outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A correct selection of the best method in the individual situation presumed, all analyzed facial reanimation techniques seem to lead nearly similar and satisfactory results.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, D-50924 Koeln, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guntinas-Lichius
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Streppel
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stennert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome