title: The effect of group aerobic exercise and t'ai chi on functional outcomes and quality of life for persons living with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the usefulness of two interventions in a group rehabilitation medicine setting to determine strategies and exercise guidelines for long-term care of the HIV/AIDS population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized clinical trial investigating the effects of tai chi (TC) and aerobic exercise (EX) on functional outcomes and quality of life (QOL) in patients with AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two outpatient infectious disease clinics in a mid-atlantic state were the setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight (38) subjects with advanced HIV (AIDS) were randomized to one of three groups: TC, EX, or control. Experimental groups exercised twice weekly for 8 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcomes included QOL as measured by the Medical Outcomes Short Form (MOS-HIV) and Spirituality Well-Being Scale (SWB). Functional measures included the functional reach (FR) for balance, sit and reach (SR) for flexibility, and sit-up (SU) test for endurance. The physical performance test (PPT) was used to determine overall function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used to evaluate psychologic changes. To consider the patients' explanations for these measurements, qualitative data were collected from subjects' journals, focus groups, and nonparticipant observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight (38) subjects were included in data analysis: 13 in the TC group, 13 in the EX group, and 12 in the control group. Results of analysis of covariance showed significant changes in the exercise groups in overall functional measures (p < 0.001). The MOS-HIV showed a significant difference on the subscale of overall health (p = 0.04). The POMS showed significant main effect for time in confusion-bewilderment (p = 0.000) and tension-anxiety (p = 0.005). Three dominant themes emerged from the qualitative data, including: positive physical changes, enhanced psychologic coping, and improved social interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that TC and EX improve physiologic parameters, functional outcomes, and QOL. Group intervention provides a socialization context for management of chronic HIV disease. This study supports the need for more research investigating the effect of other types of group exercise for this population. This study sets the stage for a larger randomized controlled trial to examine the potential short- and long-term effects of group exercise that may prove beneficial in the management of advanced HIV disease. Further research is warranted to evaluate additional exercise interventions that are accessible, safe, and cost-effective for the HIV population.
authors.affiliation: Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, NJ 08240, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Galantino
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shepard
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krafft
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laperriere
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ducette
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorbello
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnish
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Condoluci
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Farrar
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008873:Mid-Atlantic Region; D033262:Narration; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D026302:Tai Ji; D016896:Treatment Outcome