title: Correlates of alcohol use among anxious and depressed primary care patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine the patterns of alcohol use for primary care patients with anxiety disorders and/or major depression in three urban university-affiliated outpatient clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  A waiting room sample of adults was screened for anxiety disorders and major depression. Six hundred fourteen screened patients were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview [World Health Organization. Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 2.1. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1997] and frequency-quantity alcohol use questions. Adjusted for age and gender, logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between panic disorder, social phobia, PTSD, major depression and typical heavy (three drinks/two or more times a week) and frequent (four or more times a week) alcohol use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 6.19% (38/614) reported typical heavy drinking and 8.31% (51/614) reported frequent drinking in the preceding 3 months. PTSD was associated with heavy drinking (adjusted OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-7.3). Panic disorder was associated with frequent alcohol use (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.2) but reduced heavy drinking (adjusted OR = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9). There was no significant relationship between alcohol use and the co-occurrence of two or more anxiety and/or mood disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an examination of primary care patients diagnosed, the majority of whom were with at least one anxiety disorder and/or major depression; current heavy and frequent alcohol use was associated with specific individual anxiety disorders and/or major depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1563, USA. jarch@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Joanna J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Arch
authors.forename: Michelle G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Craske
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Cathy D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Sherbourne
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Roy-Byrne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic