title: Etanercept therapy for late-onset idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) is a noninfectious pulmonary complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), which usually develops within the first 100 days after transplantation. Donor T-cell-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IPS, and inhibition of TNF-alpha has been used as a therapeutic option. We report two patients who had late-onset IPS about day 150 after nonmyeloablative AHSCT (NMA-AHSCT). They responded well to etanercept in combination with standard immunosuppressive drugs. Both patients had relapses and responded to retreatment with etanercept-based therapy. One patient was alive at 30 months after the initial diagnosis on long-term maintenance therapy with etanercept. The second patient was lost to follow-up at our institution but died 13 months after the onset of IPS. Our two cases showed that IPS could develop late after NMA-AHSCT and inhibition of TNF-alpha activity can be therapeutically effective.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tun
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Grinton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khoor
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Burger
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068800:Etanercept