title: PAX2: a reliable marker for nephrogenic adenoma.
abstract: Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare lesion of the urinary tract. The diagnosis usually is straightforward when characteristic microscopic and clinical findings are present, and the entity is familiar. However, misdiagnosis, in particular of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland, may occur. Immunohistochemical stains often are needed to make such a distinction, but currently available markers offered only partial help. It recently was demonstrated that nephrogenic adenoma in renal transplant patients originated from the renal tubular epithelium. This newly proved, but long sought information may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma. In this study, we investigated the expression of a renal transcription factor, PAX2, in 39 nonrenal transplant-related nephrogenic adenomas, 100 adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland, and 47 urothelial carcinomas of the urinary tract. A strong and distinct nuclear staining of PAX2 was found in all 39 cases of nephrogenic adenoma (100%), but not in normal prostate tissue, normal urothelium, adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland, and invasive urothelial carcinomas. Focal CD10 was detected in six of 13 nephrogenic adenomas in the superficial papillary component and in normal prostate epithelium, normal urothelium, lymphocytes, adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland, and urothelial carcinoma. There was no uroplakins detected in nephrogenic adenoma. Therefore, these findings are suggesting that nephrogenic adenoma in nonrenal transplant patients may also arise from the renal epithelium, as did the comparable lesions after transplantation. PAX2 is a specific and sensitive immunohistochemical marker in identification and differential diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. gt2125@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Guo-Xia
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansukhani
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Memeo
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Fang-Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiriboga
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waisman
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053552:Keratin-7; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000032:analysis; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C507497:KRT7 protein, human; D053552:Keratin-7; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C497318:PAX2 protein, human; D007633:Keratins; D015260:Neprilysin