title: Old people, alcohol use and mortality. A ten-year prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies suggest an association between lower mortality and moderate drinking, particularly wine-drinking, compared with abstainers, in middle-aged populations. The aim of this study was to examine the association of drinking frequencies and beverage types with all-cause mortality among old people.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective population study with a 10-year follow-up of mortality was carried out in the city of Tampere, Finland, population approximately 180,000. The sample consisted of 365 men and 402 women aged 60-99 years. All-cause mortality was used as the main outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Death occurred in 182 men and 158 women. Mortality was lowest among frequent and occasional drinkers, second lowest among abstainers, and highest among ex-drinkers. In a Cox proportional hazard model, drinking showed an independent protective effect on mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, educational level, marital status, chronic diseases, functional ability and smoking, the relative risk (RR) of mortality for frequent drinkers was 0.6 (95% CI 0.4-0.8), for occasional drinkers 0.7 (95% CI 0.5-1.0) and for ex-drinkers 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.7), compared with abstainers. Adjusted for other mortality risk factors, the mortality of those who drank wine was lower than that of abstainers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that drinking, and perhaps wine-drinking in particular, is associated with lower mortality even in old age. Future studies are needed to identify the possible role of background characteristics of different drinking pattern groups.
authors.affiliation: Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Finland. eija.tolvanen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tolvanen
authors.forename: Kaija
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seppä
authors.forename: Tomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lintonen
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paavilainen
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jylhä
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014920:Wine