title: Short communication: No detrimental immunological effects of mycophenolate mofetil and HAART in treatment-naive acute and chronic HIV-1-infected patients.
abstract: Mycophenolate mofetil has been proposed for HIV-1 therapy because of its guanine-depleting effect, which is expected to interfere with HIV-1 replication directly by hampering reverse transcription and indirectly via inhibition of CD4+ T cell proliferation. However, treatment with mycophenolate mofetil might also compromise lymphocyte reconstitution and HIV-specific immunity. Therefore we longitudinally studied the effects of mycophenolate mofetil in combination with HAART on T cell proliferation, lymphocyte reconstitution, and HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in six therapy-naive, acute or chronic HIV-1-infected patients, as compared to eight patients treated with HAART alone. T cell proliferation in whole blood cultures of patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil was inhibited. Strikingly, ex vivo Ki67 expression within T cells was not influenced by treatment with mycophenolate mofetil. In vitro studies showed that Ki67 expression occurs at an early step of the cell cycle and was not inhibited by guanine depletion. When treatment with mycophenolate mofetil was stopped a transient increase in apoptosis and Ki67-expressing T cells was detected. This observation together with near complete inhibition of T cell proliferation in whole blood cultures during treatment with mycophenolate mofetil indicated that T cell proliferation was inhibited in patients treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Still, there was no evidence for detrimental effects of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil in addition to HAART on CD4+ T cell reconstitution or HIV-specific immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nienke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vrisekoop
authors.forename: Sanjay U C
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Sankatsing
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Marijke Th L
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Sigrid A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schuitemaker
authors.forename: Joep M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miedema
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid