title: Systemic and pituitary pars intermedia antioxidant capacity associated with pars intermedia oxidative stress and dysfunction in horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a deficiency in systemic or local (pars intermedia) antioxidant capacity is associated with pituitary pars intermedia oxidative stress and pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 20 horses with PPID and 20 healthy client-owned horses, archived paraffin-embedded adrenal gland and substantia nigra tissues from 20 horses, and pituitary gland tissue from 16 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined in RBCs. Accumulation of a systemic marker of oxidative stress (3-nitrotyrosine) was assessed in plasma and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded adrenal gland and substantia nigra tissues. Local antioxidants (total and manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total glutathione) were measured in pars intermedia tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences existed in systemic antioxidant enzyme activity or accumulation of 3-nitrotyrosine between horses with PPID and control horses. In pituitary gland tissues, glutathione peroxidase activity was increased in horses with oxidative stress, whereas total glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged. There was an age-associated decrease in manganese superoxide dismutase activity in the pars intermedia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no evidence of systemic accumulation of oxidative stress markers or deficiencies in antioxidant capacity in horses with PPID, suggesting that these are unlikely to be major predisposing factors in the development of PPID. Manganese superoxide dismutase activity in the pars intermedia decreased significantly with increasing age. Role of an age-associated decrease in antioxidant capacity for the pars intermedia in the development of PPID in horses warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McFarlane
authors.forename: Alastair E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cribb
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006736:Horses; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000521:alpha-MSH; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione