title: Alterations in antioxidant status, protein concentration, acetylcholinesterase, Na+, K+-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase activities in rat brain after forced swimming.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether exercise stress (short [2 h] or prolonged [5 h] forced swimming in rats) could modulate brain total antioxidant status (TAS), tissue protein concentration, and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na +, K +-ATPase, and Mg 2+-ATPase. Protein concentration, TAS and enzyme activities in homogenized rat brain were determined spectrophotometrically. Protein concentration was decreased by 15 % (p < 0.01) and by 30 % (p < 0.001) after 2 h and 5 h of forced swimming, respectively. TAS was decreased by 20 - 25 % after 2 h or 5 h of exercise. AChE was inhibited by 30 % (p < 0.001) and 45 % (p < 0.001) after 2 h and 5 h of forced swimming, respectively. In contrast, Na +, K +-ATPase and Mg 2+-ATPase were stimulated by 80 % (p < 0.001) and 40 % (p < 0.001), respectively, after 2 h of swimming and by 100 % (p < 0.001) and 60 % (p < 0.001), respectively, after 5 h of exercise. Control values in nontreated rats were unaltered (p > 0.05). In conclusion, short or prolonged forced swimming induces oxidative stress in rats, probably resulting in a reduction in brain protein concentration and AChE activity. In addition, a Na +, K +-ATPase and Mg 2+-ATPase activation was observed under the above mentioned experimental conditions. This stress condition may modulate brain intracellular Mg 2+ concentration, neural excitability, metabolic energy production, and neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. stsakir@cc.uoa.gr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsakiris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angelogianni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tesseromatis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsakiris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsopanakis
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D017301:Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D000109:Acetylcholine