title: Cardiovascular, anthropometric and neurocognitive features of healthy postmenopausal women: effects of hormone replacement therapy.
abstract: Randomized clinical trials have not shown long-term benefit of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (PHT) nor have they shown conclusively that the harmful consequences outweighs the benefits of the treatment. Rather, it is possible that an individualized hormone replacement therapy in questionably clinically healthy postmenopausal women may lead to different results than randomized trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study we evaluated anthropometric parameters, body composition, serum lipids, blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV) and neurocognitive functions in 39 healthy postmenopausal women PHT users or not users (n=13, age 53.0+/-3.3 and n=26, age=53.3+/-5.0 SD, respectively) as well as in 27 younger controls (ages=33.3+/-7.1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic parameters were similar in women PHT users and not users. Postmenopausal women showed a significantly increase of body mass index (BMI) as well as of waist circumference, compared to younger controls, but in PHT users the values of fat free mass were intermediate between the ones of not treated and younger women. The study of HRV showed a reduction in low frequency (LF) component (sympathetic modulation) during the day, and a reduction in high frequency (HF) component (parasympathetic modulation), particularly in postmenopausal women without PHT. PHT users were characterized by autonomic parameters intermediate between younger controls and age-matched women without PHT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of PHT on the age-dependent changes of anthropometric features and body composition seems to be modest but positive. Furthermore, PHT seems to play a positive role on the autonomic modulation of cardiac function, through a shift of LF/HF ratio values towards those of young controls.
authors.affiliation: U.O. of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, I.R.C.C.S. S. Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy. flaviamagri@libero.it
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gabellieri
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Busconi
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guazzoni
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cravello
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valdes
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sorrentino
authors.forename: Spyridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chytiris
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids