title: Hzf, a p53-responsive gene, regulates maintenance of the G2 phase checkpoint induced by DNA damage.
abstract: The hematopoietic zinc finger protein, Hzf, is induced in response to genotoxic and oncogenic stress. The Hzf protein is encoded by a p53-responsive gene, and its overexpression, either in cells retaining or lacking functional 53, halts their proliferation. Enforced expression of Hzf led to the appearance of tetraploid cells with supernumerary centrosomes and, ultimately, to cell death. Eliminating Hzf mRNA expression by use of short hairpin (sh) RNAs had no overt effect on unstressed cells but inhibited the maintenance of G2 phase arrest following ionizing radiation (IR), thereby sensitizing cells to DNA damage. Canonical p53-responsive gene products such as p21Cip1 and Mdm2 were induced by IR in cells treated with Hzf shRNA. However, the reduction in the level of Hzf protein was accompanied by increased polyubiquitination and turnover of p21Cip1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases whose expression contributes to maintaining the duration of the G2 checkpoint in cells that have sustained DNA damage. Thus, two p53-inducible gene products, Hzf and p21Cip1, act concomitantly to enforce the G(2) checkpoint.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gromley
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sherr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D011123:Polyploidy; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D011506:Proteins; C404217:Zfp385 protein, mouse; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2