alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) absorption from pig intestine and plasma pharmacokinetics.
To study the absorption, metabolism and kinetics, the AKG (in different concentrations) was administered intravenously, intra-portally, orally and directly into the ileum or duodenum of pigs, chronically fitted with portal and jugular catheters and T-shaped cannula at the duodenum and ileum. Additionally, this study was conducted to determine the influence of low pH, Fe(2+) or/and SO on AKG gut absorption and conversely FeSO(4) and FeSO(4)/AKG on Fe(2+) gut absorption. It is concluded that AKG was significantly better absorbed from the upper small intestine than from the distal sections. Furthermore, low pH, Fe(2+) and/or SO ions enhanced AKG absorption. The AKG administered to the portal vein was rapidly eliminated from the blood (half-life less than 5 min). The short lifetime for AKG is probably dependent on quick metabolism in the enteorcyetes and liver. However, the prolonged half-life can be related to its low AKG blood concentration. The Fe(2+) concentrations in blood increased after FeSO(4) and FeSO(4)/AKG duodenal infusion. The implication of above observations is important for practical application of the AKG in animal and human nutrition as well in medicine.
Dabek
M
M
Department of Processing Technology, Sea Fisheries Institute in Gdynia, Gdynia, Poland.
Kruszewska
D
D
Filip
R
R
Hotowy
A
A
Pierzynowski
L
L
Wojtasz-Pajak
A
A
Szymanczyk
S
S
Valverde Piedra
J L
JL
Werpachowska
E
E
Pierzynowski
S G
SG
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D007501:Iron