title: Endocytosis of cell surface material mediates cell plate formation during plant cytokinesis.
abstract: Dividing plant cells perform a remarkable task of building a new cell wall within the cytoplasm in a few minutes. A long-standing paradigm claims that this primordial cell wall, known as the cell plate, is generated by delivery of newly synthesized material from Golgi apparatus-originated secretory vesicles. Here, we show that, in diverse plant species, cell surface material, including plasma membrane proteins, cell wall components, and exogenously applied endocytic tracers, is rapidly delivered to the forming cell plate. Importantly, this occurs even when de novo protein synthesis is blocked. In addition, cytokinesis-specific syntaxin KNOLLE as well as plasma membrane (PM) resident proteins localize to endosomes that fuse to initiate the cell plate. The rate of endocytosis is strongly enhanced during cell plate formation, and its genetic or pharmacological inhibition leads to cytokinesis defects. Our results reveal that endocytic delivery of cell surface material significantly contributes to cell plate formation during plant cytokinesis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Cytology and Center for Advanced Microscopy, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 316, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pankaj.dhonukshe@zmbp.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhonukshe
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baluska
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlicht
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hlavacka
authors.forename: Jozef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samaj
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friml
authors.forename: Theodorus W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Gadella
mesh_terms: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism; D010873:Pinocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D059828:Plant Cells; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C092350:FM 4-64; C088087:GNOM protein, Arabidopsis; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; C097724:KNOLLE protein, Arabidopsis; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C116363:PIN1 protein, Arabidopsis; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C424721:RCI2B protein, Arabidopsis; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D020126:Brefeldin A; D010368:Pectins; D003513:Cycloheximide; C495672:Ara7 protein, Arabidopsis; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins