title: Arginine or nitrate enhances antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms.
abstract: Arginine enhanced the killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ciprofloxacin and tobramycin under anaerobic, but not aerobic, growth conditions. Arginine or nitrate also enhanced the killing by these antibiotics in mature biofilms, reducing viable cell counts by a factor of 10 to 100 beyond that achieved by antibiotics alone.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biofilm Engineering and Department of Clinical Engineering, Montana State University--Bozeman, 409 Cobleigh Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3980, USA.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borriello
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Garth D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001120:Arginine / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009566:Nitrates; D001120:Arginine; D014031:Tobramycin