title: Improving model robustness with bootstrapping -- application to optimal discriminant analysis for ordinal responses (ODAO).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent results published by Coste et al. in discriminant analysis with ordinal responses showed the superiority of optimal discriminating analysis for ordinal responses (ODAO) both in terms of classification and simplicity of implementation compared to classic methods (Fisher's discrimination, logistic regression) applied to medical data (prognostics of burns) and to simulated data. Nevertheless, the solutions obtained by ODAO may be sensitive to re-sampling (i.e the estimated coefficients by ODAO may show excessive sensitivity to the training sample). This study proposes some solutions to control the fluctuations of sampling and to ensure model stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used intensive computational methods and bootstrapping, at the outset of model building in order to reduce the sampling variability of estimated coefficients. Thus, the estimation of the coefficients was not based on the minimization of a classification criterion of the training sample, but on the minimization of an aggregate criterion of bootstrapped replications of a classification criterion. Five aggregate criteria were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The improvement in terms of robustness appeared in 30% of the test cases with moderate training sample size and 55% of those with small training sample size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simulated test cases showed that bootstrapping can help construct more robust models in difficult classification situations and small training samples which are particularly frequent.
authors.affiliation: Service de Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 1 boulevard Jeanne d'Arc-BP 77908, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Teuff
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quantin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venot
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coste
mesh_terms: D002056:Burns; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008490:Medical Informatics; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software