title: Measuring nicotine dependence among smokeless tobacco users.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the concurrent validity of the FTQ-ST and the DIS-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence among 68 adult ST users enrolled in a randomized, controlled clinical trial of bupropion SR. FTQ-ST scores were not found to differ between those with and without a current DIS-IV diagnosis of nicotine dependence (7.4+/-2.1 vs. 6.8+/-2.8, P=0.325). For all possible FTQ-ST cutoff scores, the observed agreement between the FTQ-ST and the DIS-IV was not found to be different from that expected due to chance. FTQ-ST total scores were positively correlated with serum cotinine (Spearman's r=0.40, P<0.001), amount of tobacco used (r=0.51 and r=0.41 for average dips/chews per day; average tins/pouches per week, respectively, P<0.001), and a reduced likelihood of abstinence at 3 months (OR=0.76, 95% C.I. 0.61-0.96; P=0.019). Participants meeting DIS-IV criteria had lower cotinine concentrations than those without this diagnosis (411+/-263 ng/ml vs. 493+/-246 ng/ml; P=0.042). Poor concordance was observed between the FTQ-ST and the DIS-IV in the assessment of nicotine dependence in ST users.
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. jthomas2@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jon O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ebbert
authors.forename: Christi A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: Lowell C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bronars
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schroeder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D016642:Bupropion; D003367:Cotinine