title: Quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of disability and lifetime depressive spectrum symptomatology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of disability and lifetime subthreshold depressive symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two subjects with a diagnosis of RA according to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were recruited at the Department of Rheumatology of the University Hospital, Pisa, Italy. Participants who met DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for current or previous Axis I disorders were excluded. Assessments of functional status and disability was conducted using both the ACR classification and the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Health-related Quality of Life was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire (MOS-SF36) and lifetime depressive spectrum symptomatology using the Mood Spectrum Questionnaire, Self-Report version (MOODS-SR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison with MOS-SF36 Italian normative values indicated that RA patients were significantly impaired on mental and physical HRQoL areas. Correlations between MOODS-SR depressive scores and ACR severity (Spearman rho = 0.15, p = 0.07) and HAQ score (Spearman rho = 0.20, p = 0.05) were modest in absolute value and borderline significant. Lifetime mood depressive spectrum was related with impaired HRQoL levels, both in physical (except for bodily pain) and mental (except for social functioning) domains. Associations of mood depressive spectrum and general health, vitality, role emotional and mental health continued to be significant after controlling for functional status, duration of illness, age and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because lifetime mood depressive symptoms significantly contribute to impairment in HRQoL in RA patients without a past psychiatric history, even after controlling for functional status, duration of illness and demographic characteristics, these symptoms should be assessed for an accurate clinical evaluation and appropriate clinical management of RA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. l.bazzichi@int.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bazzichi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccinni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Debbio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vivarelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouanani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merlini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dell'Osso
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires