title: A Spätzle-processing enzyme required for toll signaling activation in Drosophila innate immunity.
abstract: The Toll receptor was originally identified as an indispensable molecule for Drosophila embryonic development and subsequently as an essential component of innate immunity from insects to humans. Although in Drosophila the Easter protease processes the pro-Spätzle protein to generate the Toll ligand during development, the identification of the protease responsible for pro-Spätzle processing during the immune response has remained elusive for a decade. Here, we report a protease, called Spätzle-processing enzyme (SPE), required for Toll-dependent antimicrobial response. Flies with reduced SPE expression show no noticeable pro-Spätzle processing and become highly susceptible to microbial infection. Furthermore, activated SPE can rescue ventral and lateral development in embryos lacking Easter, showing the functional homology between SPE and Easter. These results imply that a single ligand/receptor-mediated signaling event can be utilized for different biological processes, such as immunity and development, by recruiting similar ligand-processing proteases with distinct activation modes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea.
authors.forename: In-Hwan
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chosa
authors.forename: Sung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyuck-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lemaitre
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Zakaria
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kambris
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Brey
authors.forename: Won-Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002460:Cell Line; D004330:Drosophila / Q000276:immunology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D004627:Embryonic Induction; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005216:Fat Body / Q000276:immunology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007109:Immunity / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C086179:spz protein, Drosophila; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C078099:ea protein, Drosophila