title: Laparoscopic lymph node dissection around the inferior mesenteric artery for cancer in the lower sigmoid colon and rectum: is D3 lymph node dissection with preservation of the left colic artery feasible?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When we perform laparoscopic lymph node dissection around the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), we preserve the left colic artery (LCA) to maintain the blood supply to the proximal sigmoid colon. In this study, we present our laparoscopic D2 and D3 lymph node (LN) dissection technique and evaluate its applicability and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed LN dissection on 23 rectal and lower sigmoid colon cancer cases from April 2002 to December 2004. For D3 LN dissection, the incision to the mesosigmoid extends to just before the root of the IMA, which is exposed with an ultrasonic cutting and coagulating surgical device to avoid bleeding. Then, the arterial wall is exposed with a dissecting electrocautery spatula down to the LCA, at least 2 cm of which is exposed. Adipose tissue surrounding the IMA and inferior mesenteric vein is dissected. For D2 LN dissection, we partially expose the IMA to confirm the location of the LCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean times taken for D2 and D3 LN dissections were 36.2 and 68.2 min, respectively. Both procedures took longer in male patients. There was a trend for the procedure overall to take less time in female patients. However, D2 dissection took significantly longer in male than female patients (p < 0.05). In women, D3 dissection took significantly longer than D2 (p < 0.05), but this trend was not seen in men. Increased experience among surgeons with this procedure was associated with significantly faster LN dissections in men (p < 0.05), but not in women (p = 0.493). Pearson product moment analysis identified a relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the time taken for D2 LN dissection (r = 0.765), but not D3 LN dissection (r = 0.158). There was no treatment-related morbidity with this technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method was safe and feasible for all patients in this series, but takes longer to perform in male patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan. kobayasm@kochi-ms.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okabayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000098:blood supply; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017537:Mesenteric Artery, Inferior; D008875:Middle Aged; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors