title: Shape of glass and amount of alcohol poured: comparative study of effect of practice and concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether people pour different amounts into short, wide glasses than into tall, slender ones.
  
  
  METHODS
  College students practised pouring alcohol into a standard glass before pouring into larger glasses; bartenders poured alcohol for four mixed drinks either with no instructions or after being told to take their time.
  
  
  METHODS
  University town and large city, United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  198 college students and 86 bartenders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volume of alcohol poured into short, wide and tall, slender glasses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aiming to pour a "shot" of alcohol (1.5 ounces, 44.3 ml), both students and bartenders poured more into short, wide glasses than into tall slender glasses (46.1 ml v 44.7 ml and 54.6 ml v 46.4 ml, respectively). Practice reduced the tendency to overpour, but not for short, wide glasses. Despite an average of six years of experience, bartenders poured 20.5% more into short, wide glasses than tall, slender ones; paying careful attention reduced but did not eliminate the effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To avoid overpouring, use tall, narrow glasses or ones on which the alcohol level is premarked. To avoid underestimating the amount of alcohol consumed, studies using self reports of standard drinks should ask about the shape of the glass.
authors.affiliation: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7801, USA. wansink@cornell.edu
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wansink
authors.forename: Koert
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Ittersum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D001288:Attention; D003297:Cooking and Eating Utensils; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008297:Male; D015143:Philadelphia; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000592:standards*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012147:Restaurants; D013334:Students; D014894:Weights and Measures