title: Autologous myoblast transplantation after myocardial infarction increases the inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small scale clinical trials suggested the feasibility and the efficacy of autologous myoblast transplantation to improve ventricular function after myocardial infarction. However, these trials were hampered by unexpected episodes of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). We investigated cardiac electrical stability after myoblast transplantation to the myocardium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven days after coronary ligation, Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: a control group receiving no further treatment, a vehicle group injected with culture medium into the infarcted myocardium, and a myoblast group injected with autologous myoblasts. Holter monitoring did not discriminate the myoblast from the vehicle groups. Programmed Electrical Stimulation (PES) was performed to evaluate further a cardiac substrate for arrhythmia susceptibility. The occurrence of sustained VT during PES was similar in control and vehicle groups (5/17 and 4/19 rats, respectively; p=0.50). In contrast, 13/20 rats (65%) from the myoblast group showed at least one episode of sustained VT during PES (p<0.05 and p<0.005 versus control and vehicle groups). As a further control group, rats injected with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells into the infarcted myocardium did not show increased susceptibility to PES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an infarcted rat model, myoblast transplantation but not bone marrow mononuclear cells or myocardial injection per se induces electrical ventricular instability. Because ventricular arrhythmias are life-threatening disorders, we suggest that such preclinical evaluation should be conducted for any new source of cells to be injected into the myocardium.
authors.affiliation: L'Institut du Thorax INSERM U533, Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Gaston Veil, F-44035 Nantes cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Amirault
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lande
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Forest
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bignolais
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamirault
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heudes
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Orsonneau
authors.forename: Marie-Françoise
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.forename: Flavien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemarchand
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000209:etiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000637:transplantation*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology