title: The effect of ingredients in dry dog foods on the risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus in dogs.
abstract: Using dry dog food label information, the hypothesis was tested that the risk of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) increases with an increasing number of soy and cereal ingredients and a decreasing number of animal-protein ingredients among the first four ingredients. A nested case-control study was conducted with 85 GDV cases and 194 controls consuming a single brand and variety of dry food. Neither an increasing number of animal-protein ingredients (P=0.79) nor an increasing number of soy and cereal ingredients (P=0.83) among the first four ingredients significantly influenced GDV risk. An unexpected finding was that dry foods containing an oil or fat ingredient (e.g., sunflower oil, animal fat) among the first four ingredients were associated with a significant (P=0.01), 2.4-fold increased risk of GDV. These findings suggest that the feeding of dry dog foods that list oils or fats among the first four label ingredients predispose a high-risk dog to GDV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2027, USA.
authors.forename: Malathi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.forename: Nita W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Glickman
authors.forename: Lawrence T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Glickman
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D004285:Dogs; D013271:Gastric Dilatation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013277:Stomach Volvulus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins