title: Ammonium-nitrogen transformation and nitrogen retention in broiler manure supplemented with a soil amendment containing nitrifying bacteria.
abstract: The effect of a soil amendment on ammonium nitrogen transformation and nitrogen retention in broiler manure was evaluated. Prior to incubation, broiler manure was mixed with autoclaved soil or non-autoclaved soil in different ratios to make 1 kg mixtures; broiler manure:non-autoclaved soil=9:1, 5:5, and 1:9 or broiler manure:autoclaved soil=9:1, 5:5, and 1:9. The non-autoclaved soil treatment reduced either numerically or significantly NH(4)(+)-N concentration compared to the autoclaved soil treatment during the 8-wk incubation. Total-N concentration of the non-autoclaved soil treatments was lower than the autoclaved soil treatments from 4 to 8 wk. The lowest manure to non-autoclaved soil treatment (M:S=1:9) had considerably more nitrite and nitrate; however, the higher ratio manure to non-autoclaved soil treatments (M:S=9:1 and 5:5) had slightly higher total nitrite and nitrate levels compared to the same ratio of autoclaved soil treatments. The moisture level of the 9:1, 5:5, and 1:9 M:S treatments were approximately 70, 45, and 30%, respectively. The results indicated that nitrifying bacteria in the non-autoclaved soil reduced the ammonium nitrogen concentrations of poultry manure by converting NH(3) or NH(4)(+) to NO(2)(-) or NO(3)(-). However, the higher moisture levels in treatments with greater manure to soil ratios (M:S=9:1 and 5:5) created anaerobic conditions that allowed for denitrification and greater N losses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis / Q000382:microbiology*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen