title: Neonatal effects of maternal hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the neurobehavioral profile of neonates who are born to women with hypothyroxinemia during early pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examined were 108 neonates who were born to mothers with low maternal free thyroid hormone (fT4 concentrations; <10th percentile) at 12 weeks' gestation (case patients) and 96 neonates who were born to women whose fT4 values were between the 50th and 90th percentiles, matched for parity and gravidity (control subjects). Newborn development was assessed at 3 weeks of age using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Maternal thyroid function (fT4 and thyrotropin hormone) was assessed at 12, 24, and 32 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants of women with hypothyroxinemia at 12 weeks' gestation had significantly lower scores on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale orientation index compared with subjects. Regression analysis showed that first-trimester maternal fT4 but not maternal TSH or fT4 later in gestation was a significant predictor of orientation scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that maternal hypothyroxinemia constitutes a serious risk factor for neurodevelopmental difficulties that can be identified in neonates as young as 3 weeks of age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. libbe.kooistra@calgaryhealthregion.ca
authors.forename: Libbe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kooistra
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Anneloes L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: van Baar
authors.forename: Evelien P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Pop
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000150:complications; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine