title: Relationship between exercise intolerance and levels of neurohormonal factors and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with stable chronic heart failure.
abstract: We investigated the correlations between exercise intolerance and the plasma levels of neurohormonal factors and proinflammatory cytokines in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Sixty-two CHF patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) were enrolled in this study. Peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) and the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline (NA), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (TNFR-I and -II) were all measured during the CPX. The patients were divided into three groups according to their peak VO2; a severe exercise intolerance group (severe group; peak VO2 < 18 mL/min/kg), moderate exercise intolerance group (moderate group; 18 <or= peak VO2 <or= 24), and mild exercise intolerance group (mild group; peak VO2 > 24). There were no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) among the three groups. NA and BNP both increased gradually in parallel with the worsening of exercise intolerance (NA, 211.5 +/- 75.7 pg/mL, 331.8 +/- 163.7, 441.9 +/- 202.9, respectively; BNP, 37.9 +/- 25.4 pg/mL, 148.9 +/- 117.1, 247.9 +/- 150.0, respectively). TNFR-I and II were significantly higher in the severe group than in the moderate group (1746.1 +/- 950.7 versus 1085.2 +/- 370.5 pg/mL and 2855.3 +/- 1550.9 versus 2047.7 +/- 648.7 pg/mL, respectively), while the values in the moderate group were not significantly different from those in the mild group. EF showed no significant correlations with NA, BNP, TNFR-I, or TNFR-II, whereas peak VO2 exhibited significant negative correlations with NA (r = -0.50, P < 0.0001), BNP (r = -0.53, P < 0.0001), TNFR-I (r = -0.50, P < 0.0001), and TNFR-II (r = -0.45, P < 0.0001). It is concluded that NA and BNP rise in parallel with the degree of exercise intolerance, while TNFR-I and -II rise only when exercise intolerance reaches severe levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Samejima
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omiya
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D009638:Norepinephrine