title: The endonuclease domain of bacteriophage terminases belongs to the resolvase/integrase/ribonuclease H superfamily: a bioinformatics analysis validated by a functional study on bacteriophage T5.
abstract: Bacteriophage terminases are essential molecular motors involved in the encapsidation of viral DNA. They are hetero-multimers whose large subunit encodes both ATPase and endonuclease activities. Although the ATPase domain is well characterized from sequence and functional analysis, the C-terminal region remains poorly defined. We describe sequence-structure comparisons of the endonuclease region of various bacteriophages that revealed new sequence similarities shared by this region and the Holliday junction resolvase RuvC and to a lesser extent the HIV integrase and the ribonuclease H. Extensive sequence comparison and motif refinement led to a common signature of terminases and resolvases with three conserved acidic residues engaged in catalytic activity. Sequence analyses were validated by in vivo and in vitro functional assays showing that the nuclease activity of the endonuclease domain of bacteriophage T5 terminase was abolished by mutation of any of the three predicted catalytic aspartates. Overall, these data suggest that the endonuclease domains of terminases operate autonomously and that they adopt a fold similar to that of resolvases and share the same divalent cation-dependent enzymatic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biochimie et Biophysique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Unite Mixte de Recherche CNRS 8619, Bātiment 430, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ponchon
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boulanger
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Labesse
authors.forename: Lucienne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Letellier
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019295:Computational Biology; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017510:Protein Folding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017906:Siphoviridae / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C069806:ruvC protein, E coli; D019427:HIV Integrase; D004706:Endodeoxyribonucleases; C030894:terminase; D016914:Ribonuclease H