title: Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in paranasal sinus mucocele.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the immunologic aspects and the pathogenesis of the paranasal sinus mucocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  The fluids of paranasal sinus mucoceles were obtained from 12 subjects. The concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the levels of endotoxin were detected with kinetic Turbidimetric Assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIF and endotoxin were detected in the fluid of all samples, whereas interleukin-1beta and RANTES were detected in 1 and 3 subjects out of 12 samples. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was not detected in any of the samples. A significant positive correlation between the levels of MIF and the period with symptoms such as pain, swelling of face, and visual disturbance was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that MIF and endotoxin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of paranasal sinus mucocele. MIF may be an important factor causing the development and exacerbation of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoji
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onoda
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schachern
authors.forename: Sebahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cureoglu
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paparella
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000032:analysis; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000276:immunology*; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D004731:Endotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha