A single-stage procedure for carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization: early and late results.
Cardiac events are some of the most frequent postoperative complications of carotid endarterectomy, while cerebrovascular accidents frequently occur in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. The strategy for treatment of combined carotid and coronary artery disease is still controversial. We report our experience with a single-stage procedure for carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization during cardiopulmonary bypass; then we evaluate our early and late results. From January 1994 through December 2001, 73 patients underwent combined myocardial revascularization and carotid endarterectomy in a single-stage procedure. Three patients (4.1%) died during the early postoperative period. Five patients (6.8%) showed temporary neurologic complications, while 1 patient (1.4%) had cerebrovascular accidents with late permanent neurologic deficit. At 5.5 +/- 2.1 years' follow-up (range: 2.6-10.4 years), 9 of the 70 surviving patients had died: 5 (71%) of cardiac-related events, 2 (2.9%) of cerebrovascular-related causes, and 2 (2.9%) of noncerebral or noncardiac causes. During the late postoperative period, 6 patients experienced cerebrovascular accidents, with a linearized rate of 2.3%/pt-yr (70% confidence interval: 1.5% to 3.2%/pt-yr), and 8 patients experienced cardiac-related events, with a linearized rate of 3.8%/pt-yr (70% confidence interval: 2.8% to 4.9%/pt-yr). A single-stage procedure for carotid endarterectomy and myocardial revascularization during cardiopulmonary bypass can be considered safe and effective when it incorporates systemic heparinization, hemodilution, and moderate hypothermia with pulsatile flow and normal blood pressure, which helps to preserve normal cerebrovascular autoregulatory mechanisms.
Di Tommaso
Luigi
L
Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy. iditommaso@tin.it
Iannelli
Gabriele
G
Monaco
Mario
M
Mottola
Michele
M
De Amicis
Vincenzo
V
Spampinato
Nicola
N
D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome