title: Critical oxygen delivery during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs: pulsatile vs. non-pulsatile blood flow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the minimal oxygen delivery and pump flow that can maintain systemic oxygen uptake during normothermic (37 degrees C) pulsatile and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen anaesthetized dogs were randomly assigned to receive either non-pulsatile (Group C; n = 9) or pulsatile bypass flow (Group P; n = 9). Oxygen delivery was reduced by a progressive decrease in pump flow, while arterial oxygen content was maintained constant. In each animal, critical oxygen delivery was determined from plots of oxygen uptake vs. oxygen delivery and from plots of blood lactate vs. oxygen delivery using a least sum of squares technique. Critical pump flow was determined from plots of lactate vs. pump flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the critical point, oxygen delivery obtained from oxygen uptake was 7.7 +/- 1.1 mL min(-1) kg(-1) in Group C and 6.8 +/- 1.8 mL min(-1) kg(-1) in Group P (n.s.). These values were similar to those obtained from lactate measurements (Group C: 7.8 +/- 1.6 mL min(-1) kg(-1); Group P: 7.6 +/- 2.0 mL min(-1) kg(-1)). Critical pump flows determined from lactate measurements were 55.6 +/- 13.8 mL min(-1) kg(-1) in Group C and 60.8 +/- 13.9 mL min(-1) kg(-1) in Group P (n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxygen delivery values greater than 7-8 mL min(-1) kg(-1) were required to maintain oxygen uptake during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with either pulsatile or non-pulsatile blood flow. Elevation of blood lactate levels during bypass helps to identify inadequate tissue oxygen delivery related to insufficient pump flow.
authors.affiliation: Charleroi University Hospital, Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia (now CHU-Brugmann, Department of Anaesthesiology, Brussels), Charleroi, Belgium.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Van der Linden
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: De Hert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belisle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sahar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deltell
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bekkrar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blauwaert
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003250:Constriction; D004285:Dogs; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen