title: Effects of folic acid and magnesium on the production of homocysteine-induced extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor of coronary artery disease, but some studies have shown that patients with hyperhomocysteinemia are not prone to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to test whether homocysteine increases the production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and if extracellular additional magnesium and folic acid alters MMP-2 secretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gelatin zymography and western blotting were used to investigate the effects of different homocysteine levels (0-5,000 micromol/L) on MMP-2 production, and the effects of different folic acid concentrations (0-10 micromol/L) and magnesium concentrations (0-3.0 mmol/L) on homocysteine-induced MMP-2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, the changes in MMP-2 were compared under various treatments for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Homocysteine (50-1,000 micromol/L) increased the production of MMP-2 significantly in a dose-dependent manner and at a high level (5,000 micromol/L) reduced the production of MMP-2. Increased production of MMP-2 induced by homocysteine was reduced by additional extracellular folic acid in a dose-dependent manner. Magnesium also reduced the increase of MMP-2 production induced by homocysteine. Production of MMP-2 under various treatments for 72 h increased more than during 24 or 48 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Homocysteine (50-1,000 micromol/L) significantly increased the production of MMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Added extracellular folic acid and magnesium decreased the homocysteine-induced MMP-2 secretion. These data suggest a beneficial effect of folic acid and magnesium on the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Huayu Hospital, China Medical University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China. ghangyuan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hangyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jong-Dae
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzui
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Junbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kiyohiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geshi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006710:Homocysteine; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D005492:Folic Acid; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2