title: Morphological affinities of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis (Late Miocene hominid from Chad) cranium.
abstract: The recent reconstruction of the Sahelanthropus tchadensis cranium (TM 266-01-60-1) provides an opportunity to examine in detail differences in cranial shape between this earliest-known hominid, African apes, and other hominid taxa. Here we compare the reconstruction of TM 266-01-60-1 with crania of African apes, humans, and several Pliocene hominids. The results not only confirm that TM 266-01-60-1 is a hominid but also reveal a unique mosaic of characters. The TM 266-01-60-1 reconstruction shares many primitive features with chimpanzees but overall is most similar to Australopithecus, particularly in the basicranium. However, TM 266-01-60-1 is distinctive in having the combination of a short subnasal region associated with a vertical upper face that projects substantially in front of the neurocranium. Further research is needed to determine the evolutionary relationships between Sahelanthropus and the known Miocene and Pliocene hominids.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Géobiologie, Biochronologie et Paléontologie Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6046, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pilbeam
authors.forename: Marcia Ponce
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de León
authors.forename: Andossa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Likius
authors.forename: Hassane T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Mackaye
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vignaud
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zollikofer
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D005580:Fossils; D015186:Hominidae; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D010161:Paleodontology; D010163:Paleontology; D002679:Pan troglodytes; D010802:Phylogeny; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013045:Species Specificity