title: Investigation of dysfunctional voiding in children with urgency frequency syndrome and urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dysfunctional voiding may result in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in children and is associated with urinary tract infection and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). This study analyzed the videourodynamic investigations in children with urgency frequency syndrome and/or urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty children, 1-13 years old, with urgency frequency syndrome and/or incontinence were investigated to determine their LUTS or for the assessment of VUR. Videourodynamic study was performed in all patients and the results were analyzed with clinical characteristics and underlying pathophysiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dysfunctional voiding was present in 75.7% of the children with detrusor overactivity, in 73.3% of the children with VUR, in 63% of the children with urinary incontinence, in 77% of the children with episodic urinary tract infection, and in all of the children with diurnal enuresis. Compared to children without dysfunctional voiding, the voiding pressure was significantly higher in children with dysfunctional voiding (with VUR, 61.1 +/- 29.8 vs. 24.8 +/- 15.8 cm H(2)O, p = 0.004; without VUR, 53.4 +/- 24.1 vs. 24.8 +/- 15.8 cm H(2)O, p = 0.010). Biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training and treatment with antimuscarinic agent effectively decreased detrusor pressure, increased bladder capacity and maximum flow rate, and reduced the grade of VUR in 5 children who had post-treatment urodynamic studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that dysfunctional voiding is highly prevalent in children with symptoms of urgency frequency and incontinence. Biofeedback pelvic floor muscle training is effective in treatment of dysfunctional voiding in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan. hck@tzuchi.com.tw
authors.forename: Hann-Chorng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Hsin-Tzu
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D014563:Urodynamics