title: Comparative dural closure techniques: a safety study in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some neurosurgical procedures have high morbidity and mortality rates due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula development, particularly when dural defects are in relatively inaccessible areas or surrounded by friable dura. We used a rat model to test 4 different dural closure techniques to determine which one was significantly superior for achieving a watertight dural closure with minimal harm to brain tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group (group A, n = 40) was used to test the strength of the adhesivity for CSF leakage. Histopathologic studies were used to evaluate the granulation tissue between the dura and dural graft. Effects on the brain tissue were studied in the second group (group B, n = 40) where lipid peroxidation was determined. These 2 groups consisted of 5 subgroups: control, methyl metacrylate, n-butyl cyanoacrylate, fibrin glue, and CO(2) laser.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Methyl metacrylate and CO(2) laser techniques were inadequate for stopping dural leakage and had harmful effects on brain tissue. Cerebrospinal fluid leak was observed only in 1 rat in the n-butyl cyanoacrylate subgroup and this result was statistically significant (P = .0005), but lipid peroxidation levels for this material showed that it was not safe for dural closure in case it leaked through the dural defect. The lipid peroxidation levels of the fibrin glue subgroup were not statistically significantly different from the control group (P = .440).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibrin glue was the safest material with a CSF leakage risk that was higher than n-butyl cyanoacrylate (25% vs 12.5%) but acceptable. This study showed no relationship between the CSF leak and histopathologic findings for sealant properties of the tissue adhesives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. kozisik@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pinar Akdemir
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ozisik
authors.forename: Servet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inci
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soylemezoglu
authors.forename: Hilmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: Tuncalp
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozgen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000494:pharmacology; D007834:Lasers; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D020366:Methylmethacrylate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D051381:Rats; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D020366:Methylmethacrylate