title: Patterns of Eurasian HSV-1 molecular diversity and inferences of human migrations.
abstract: Following our recent report of high levels of recombination and geographic structuring amongst isolates from two populations, we have investigated global patterns of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) molecular diversity using population samples from six countries in Europe, Asia and Africa. Sequence comparisons show that HSV-1 from Kenya is both highly diverse and distinct from either European or Asian HSV-1. HSV-1 populations are much more highly differentiated than human populations at the same geographic scales, with 35% of total variation at the level of inter-population comparisons, a difference likely to be due to higher rates of both mutation and genetic drift in HSV-1 than in equivalent human data. There is substantial differentiation between northwestern European HSV-1 populations and those from East Asia, and while patterns of British and Swedish HSV-1 variation were indistinguishable, differentiation was detectable amongst Chinese, Korean and Japanese HSV-1 samples, in spite of their lower overall diversity. The program Structure was used to reconstruct ancestral Eurasian lineages, which we estimated to have originated approximately 60,000 years ago. A specific pattern detected amongst East Asian HSV-1 isolates is currently best explained by the two waves of migration responsible for the peopling of Japan.
authors.affiliation: MRC Virology Unit, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK. bowden@stats.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakaoka
authors.forename: Ryk
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Donnelly
mesh_terms: D000346:Afghanistan; D001208:Asia; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005061:Europe, Eastern; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data