Genomic sequence of the pathogenic and allergenic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.
Aspergillus fumigatus is exceptional among microorganisms in being both a primary and opportunistic pathogen as well as a major allergen. Its conidia production is prolific, and so human respiratory tract exposure is almost constant. A. fumigatus is isolated from human habitats and vegetable compost heaps. In immunocompromised individuals, the incidence of invasive infection can be as high as 50% and the mortality rate is often about 50% (ref. 2). The interaction of A. fumigatus and other airborne fungi with the immune system is increasingly linked to severe asthma and sinusitis. Although the burden of invasive disease caused by A. fumigatus is substantial, the basic biology of the organism is mostly obscure. Here we show the complete 29.4-megabase genome sequence of the clinical isolate Af293, which consists of eight chromosomes containing 9,926 predicted genes. Microarray analysis revealed temperature-dependent expression of distinct sets of genes, as well as 700 A. fumigatus genes not present or significantly diverged in the closely related sexual species Neosartorya fischeri, many of which may have roles in the pathogenicity phenotype. The Af293 genome sequence provides an unparalleled resource for the future understanding of this remarkable fungus.
Nierman
William C
WC
The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. wnierman@tigr.org
Pain
Arnab
A
Anderson
Michael J
MJ
Wortman
Jennifer R
JR
Kim
H Stanley
HS
Arroyo
Javier
J
Berriman
Matthew
M
Abe
Keietsu
K
Archer
David B
DB
Bermejo
Clara
C
Bennett
Joan
J
Bowyer
Paul
P
Chen
Dan
D
Collins
Matthew
M
Coulsen
Richard
R
Davies
Robert
R
Dyer
Paul S
PS
Farman
Mark
M
Fedorova
Nadia
N
Fedorova
Natalie
N
Feldblyum
Tamara V
TV
Fischer
Reinhard
R
Fosker
Nigel
N
Fraser
Audrey
A
García
Jose L
JL
García
Maria J
MJ
Goble
Arlette
A
Goldman
Gustavo H
GH
Gomi
Katsuya
K
Griffith-Jones
Sam
S
Gwilliam
Ryan
R
Haas
Brian
B
Haas
Hubertus
H
Harris
David
D
Horiuchi
H
H
Huang
Jiaqi
J
Humphray
Sean
S
Jiménez
Javier
J
Keller
Nancy
N
Khouri
Hoda
H
Kitamoto
Katsuhiko
K
Kobayashi
Tetsuo
T
Konzack
Sven
S
Kulkarni
Resham
R
Kumagai
Toshitaka
T
Lafon
Anne
A
Lafton
Anne
A
Latgé
Jean-Paul
JP
Li
Weixi
W
Lord
Angela
A
Lu
Charles
C
Majoros
William H
WH
May
Gregory S
GS
Miller
Bruce L
BL
Mohamoud
Yasmin
Y
Molina
Maria
M
Monod
Michel
M
Mouyna
Isabelle
I
Mulligan
Stephanie
S
Murphy
Lee
L
O'Neil
Susan
S
Paulsen
Ian
I
Peñalva
Miguel A
MA
Pertea
Mihaela
M
Price
Claire
C
Pritchard
Bethan L
BL
Quail
Michael A
MA
Rabbinowitsch
Ester
E
Rawlins
Neil
N
Rajandream
Marie-Adele
MA
Reichard
Utz
U
Renauld
Hubert
H
Robson
Geoffrey D
GD
Rodriguez de Córdoba
Santiago
S
Rodríguez-Peña
Jose M
JM
Ronning
Catherine M
CM
Rutter
Simon
S
Salzberg
Steven L
SL
Sanchez
Miguel
M
Sánchez-Ferrero
Juan C
JC
Saunders
David
D
Seeger
Kathy
K
Squares
Rob
R
Squares
Steven
S
Takeuchi
Michio
M
Tekaia
Fredj
F
Turner
Geoffrey
G
Vazquez de Aldana
Carlos R
CR
Weidman
Janice
J
White
Owen
O
Woodward
John
J
Yu
Jae-Hyuk
JH
Fraser
Claire
C
Galagan
James E
JE
Asai
Kiyoshi
K
Machida
Masayuki
M
Hall
Neil
N
Barrell
Bart
B
Denning
David W
DW
D000485:Allergens / Q000235:genetics*; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D023281:Genomics; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013696:Temperature; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
D000485:Allergens