Cardiac biomarkers: a contemporary status report.
The field of cardiac biomarkers has grown by leaps and bounds in the past two decades. In this review we try to summarize the explosion of emerging knowledge and address the roles of some of the biomarkers that have either proven or potential utility. We detail some of the markers of ischemia, hemodynamic markers of heart failure, inflammatory markers, and the novel and innovative approach of combining these for a multimarker strategy. At the end of this review we highlight some of the biomarker-guided approaches and strategies that might lead to better and more-effective care of patients.
Maisel
Alan S
AS
Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. amaisel@ucsd.edu
Bhalla
Vikas
V
Braunwald
Eugene
E
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D009211:Myoglobin; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D014336:Troponin; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form