title: Low-grade Ta (noninvasive) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: This article discusses the development of international guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and prevention of low-grade Ta urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The authors, who are experts in this field from 3 continents and 7 countries, reviewed the English language literature through September 2004. The results of the authors' deliberations are presented here as a consensus document. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal diagnostic workup, treatment, follow-up, and prevention of low-grade, Ta urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. A consensus conference convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Société Internationale d'Urologie (SIU) met to critically review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of low-grade Ta urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Research was conducted using Medline; this search engine also was used to identify additional works not detected at the initial search. Evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and management of the disease were made with reference to a 4-point scale. Low-grade Ta urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a well-studied subject with many level 1 and 2 evidence references that support clinical practice. Findings from 135 reviewed citations are summarized. Many grade A and B recommendations on the diagnostic workup and management of this disease can be given with level 1 and 2 evidence based on prospective randomized clinical trials of sufficient statistical power. This should improve the quality of the treatment of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. willem.oosterlinck@ugent.be
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oosterlinck
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solsona
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goebell
authors.forename: Per-Uno
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sved
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003558:Cystoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor