Oxidative imbalance in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Increasing evidence supports a role of oxidative imbalance, characterized by impaired antioxidant enzymatic activity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Hyperhomocysteinemia, another risk factor for AD, also contributes to oxidative damage. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and ROS levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined in 71 AD, 36 MCI and 28 vascular dementia (VaD) patients as well as in 44 age-matched controls. tHcy levels were significantly increased in patients with AD and VaD an a trend towards an increase in multiple domain MCI was observed. TAC was significantly decreased in AD as well as MCI, but not in VaD patients. In AD patients, a negative correlation was found between TAC and disease duration. ROS levels did not differ among groups, but were correlated with age. In conclusion, a pattern characterized by increased tHcy levels and decreased TAC is present in AD as well as MCI patients. While increased tHcy levels were also found in VaD, TAC modifications occur specifically in AD. ROS levels appear to be correlated with age rather than with a specific dementing disorder, thus leading to the hypothesis that oxidative imbalance observed in AD could be due to a decreased TAC.
Guidi
Ilaria
I
Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Galimberti
Daniela
D
Lonati
Silvia
S
Novembrino
Cristina
C
Bamonti
Fabrizia
F
Tiriticco
Marco
M
Fenoglio
Chiara
C
Venturelli
Eliana
E
Baron
Pierluigi
P
Bresolin
Nereo
N
Scarpini
Elio
E
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003042:Cocaine / Q000097:blood; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006711:Homocystine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013748:Tetracaine / Q000097:blood
D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013748:Tetracaine; D006711:Homocystine; C034627:TEC solution; D003042:Cocaine; D004837:Epinephrine