title: Antiretroviral medication errors in a national medication error database.
abstract: Antiretroviral medications have reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV. In contrast to these benefits, medication errors involving antiretrovirals represent opportunities for causing harm. We analyzed 400 medication errors that involved at least one single or combined HIV antiretroviral product that had been reported to a national medication error reporting program (MEDMARX). Our analysis revealed that 3% of the errors were harmful. Most of the errors (45%) occurred in the dispensing phase of the medication use process, a finding that differs significantly from many published studies. The most frequent types of errors were wrong dose (37.5%) and wrong medication (32%). Lamivudine (Epivir, Glaxo-SmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC) was the most commonly identified product to be involved in the errors. Community hospitals were more likely to have prescribing errors than teaching hospitals. Similar brand and generic names were associated with many of the errors. With frequent dosing of many HIV medications, health care organizations must have a process to clarify orders rapidly and maintain current references (including photos) of antiretrovirals. Prescribers should clearly spell out the intended product and avoid abbreviations. Participating in voluntary medication error reporting programs increases the awareness of the threats of medication errors involving antiretrovirals.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Texas at Arlington, UTA Box 19407, Arlington, TX 76019-0407, USA. jgray@uta.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Rodney W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Cristi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hutchings
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015984:Causality; D003628:Database Management Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors