title: Topical corticosteroid inhibits interleukin-4, -5 and -13 in nasal secretions following allergen challenge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines and chemokines produced by allergen-reactive T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells may be pivotal to the pathophysiology of allergic disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to assess the effect of 7 days of topical corticosteroid on nasal allergen challenge (NAC) in terms of eosinophils, cytokines and chemokines obtained by nasal lavage and filter paper methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with grass pollen seasonal-allergic rhinitis (n = 13) out of season received nasal challenge following matched placebo (twice daily into each nostril for 7 days) and fluticasone propionate (100 microg twice daily into each nostril for 7 days). Chemokine and cytokine levels were analysed using a sensitive automated bead immunoassay system at intervals up to 8 h after NAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of cytokines and chemokines from filter paper were generally higher than from nasal lavage. Fluticasone propionate caused a reduction in symptoms, total leukocyte counts and eosinophils, and abrogation of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 responses in the filter paper taken in the late phase (P < 0.05 for IL-4 and IL-13, P < 0.01 for IL-5 and IL-6). Levels of chemokines (eotaxin, RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, IL-8 and IP-10) were also reduced in the late phase (P < 0.01 at 8 h). However, levels of IL-2, IL-3, IL-7, IL-12 (p40 and p70), -15, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and GM-CSF were not affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluticasone propionate has selective inhibitory effects on Th2 cytokine synthesis following nasal challenge, while also decreasing release of chemokines, but not affecting levels of Th1 cytokines.
authors.affiliation: National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Clinical Studies Unit, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Erin
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zacharasiewicz
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hansel
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D006109:Poaceae; D011058:Pollen; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000485:Allergens; D000730:Androstadienes; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; D007378:Interleukins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D000068298:Fluticasone