title: Value of an Endpoints Committee versus the use of nosologists for validating cause of death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have directly compared the use of nosologists versus other sources of mortality information deemed a gold standard, including the use of an Endpoints Committee (EC), which is commonly utilized in clinical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a study of 421 participants in the Physicians' Health Study (PHS), known to have died of confirmed causes during the period of April 1982 to January 1988. Classification of cause of death was compared when coded by certified nosologists directly from the death certificate without the availability of full hospital and medical records versus determinations made by the PHS Endpoints Committee (EC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of the nosologists, using the PHS EC as the gold standard, was 90% for total cardiovascular death, 89% for cancer and 89% for other deaths. However, when considering more specific causes of death, sensitivity for acute MI, sudden cardiac deaths and deaths from other cardiovascular causes were lower. Specificity was generally excellent for all endpoints, ranging from 90% to 100%. In analyses stratified by age, nosologists tended to overestimate the frequency of cardiovascular deaths in the elderly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality endpoints classified by trained nosologists versus the PHS EC indicate that nosologists can review death certificates to reasonably and quickly classify broad categories of causes of death in men, whereas an EC remains the preferable strategy when more specific causes of death must be ascertained by reviewing medical records and other accompanying information.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215-1204, USA. hsesso@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Howard D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sesso
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003644:Death Certificates; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity