title: Cardiac biomarkers: a contemporary status report.
abstract: The field of cardiac biomarkers has grown by leaps and bounds in the past two decades. In this review we try to summarize the explosion of emerging knowledge and address the roles of some of the biomarkers that have either proven or potential utility. We detail some of the markers of ischemia, hemodynamic markers of heart failure, inflammatory markers, and the novel and innovative approach of combining these for a multimarker strategy. At the end of this review we highlight some of the biomarker-guided approaches and strategies that might lead to better and more-effective care of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System and University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. amaisel@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maisel
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhalla
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Braunwald
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000097:blood; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009211:Myoglobin; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D014336:Troponin; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form