title: Involvement of Src family kinases in N-cadherin phosphorylation and beta-catenin dissociation during transendothelial migration of melanoma cells.
abstract: N-cadherin is recruited to the heterotypic contact during transendothelial migration of melanoma cells in a coculture system with tumor cells seeded on top of a monolayer of endothelial cells. However, beta-catenin dissociates from N-cadherin and redistributes to the nucleus of transmigrating melanoma cells to activate gene transcription. In this report, we demonstrate that Src becomes activated at the heterotypic contact between the transmigrating melanoma cell and neighboring endothelial cells. Src activation shows close temporal correlation with tyrosine phosphorylation of N-cadherin. Expression of a dominant-negative Src in melanoma cells blocks N-cadherin phosphorylation, beta-catenin dissociation, and nuclear translocation in transmigrating cells, consistent with the involvement of Src family kinases. In in vitro binding assays, Src-mediated phosphorylation of the N-cadherin cytoplasmic domain results in a significant reduction in beta-catenin binding. Although five phospho-tyrosine residues can be identified on the N-cadherin cytoplasmic domain by mass spectrometry, site-specific mutagenesis indicates that Tyr-860 is the critical amino acid involved in beta-catenin binding. Overexpression of N-cadherin carrying the Y860F mutation inhibits the transmigration of transfected cells across the endothelium. Together, the data suggest a novel role for tyrosine phosphorylation of N-cadherin by Src family kinases in the regulation of beta-catenin association during transendothelial migration of melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jianfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Junfu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Olena
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Romanyuk
authors.forename: Chi-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015820:Cadherins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D051176:beta Catenin; D014443:Tyrosine; D019061:src-Family Kinases