title: Homocysteine metabolism in families from southern Italy with neural tube defects: role of genetic and nutritional determinants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of different polymorphic gene variants involved in homocysteine metabolism and plasma levels of homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in families from southern Italy with neural tube defects (NTDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen fathers, 15 NTD children and 60 women who had conceived NTD foetuses were investigated. A group of 100 adults and 43 apparently healthy children was used as control. At the time of blood draw, none were taking vitamin pills or nutritional supplements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among controls, 79 (55.2%) were heterozygous for C677T MTHFR variant and 26 (18.2%) were TT homozygous. Among the cases, 35 (61.4%) out of 57 mothers and 7 (38.9%) out of 18 fathers carried the T allele; 12 (21.1%) mothers and 2 (11.1%) fathers had the TT genotype. Four (26.7%) out of 15 probands were TT homozygous and 11 (73.3%) were heterozygous (Fisher exact test p = 0.025). No significant difference between groups was observed for the 1298C MTHFR variant and CBS haplotypes. Median homocysteine in NTD children was significantly higher (10.0 micromol/L) than that of controls (median 4.5 micromol/L, Mann-Whitney p < 0.05). Folate and B12 were not different among groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T677 MTHFR allele is significantly associated with the occurrence of NTDs; no significant association has been observed with other genetic determinants analysed. Homocysteine levels in children with NTDs are significantly higher than those of the paediatric population from the same geographical area.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Unit, I.R.C.C.S. Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, S. Giovanni R (Foggia), Italy. grandone@katamail.com
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grandone
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Corrao
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colaizzo
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vecchione
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Girgenti
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paladini
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sardella
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zelante
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margaglione
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000235:genetics*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)