title: Antimicrobial proteins in chicken reproductive system.
abstract: Antimicrobial activity was detected in the ovary and oviduct tissues of healthy mature White Leghorn hens, Gallus gallus. Two antimicrobial proteins were purified to homogeneity using acid extraction followed by multiple steps of chromatography and the pure proteins were further characterized biochemically. Peptide mixtures obtained after enzymatic digestion of the chicken antimicrobial proteins were analyzed using peptide mass fingerprinting and partial sequencing by tandem nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry and the proteins were identified as histones H1 and H2B. Chicken histone antimicrobial proteins were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The abundance of these proteins in the reproductive tissues and their broad-spectrum antimicrobial nature may indicate their defensive role against pathogens during the follicle development in the ovary and egg formation in the oviduct. The discovery of antimicrobial histones in chicken reproductive system provides further evidence that histones may play a role in innate immunity against microorganisms in a wide range of animal species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1.
authors.forename: Umaporn
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Silphaduang
authors.forename: Maxwell T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hincke
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nys
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002645:Chickens; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010053:Ovary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010057:Oviducts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D030161:Avian Proteins; D006657:Histones; D014020:Tissue Extracts