title: A polymer-based MR-compatible guidewire: a study to explore new prospects for interventional peripheral magnetic resonance angiography (ipMRA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a newly developed polymer-based and magnetic resonance (MR)-compatible guidewire and to explore its capabilities with respect to interventional peripheral magnetic resonance angiography (ipMRA) in a flow phantom.
  
  
  METHODS
  The guidewire is based on a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer core, and small iron particles are embedded in its coating. A passive device tracking technique was designed utilizing a susceptibility artifact induced by the wire in images acquired with a balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) sequence using small flip angles. The position of the guidewire tip was determined from image intensity maxima and overlayed onto a roadmap in near real-time. Guidewire tracking and balloon angioplasty of an artificial stenosis were attempted in two configurations of a flow phantom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful passive guidewire tracking was performed for all phantom configurations. Robustness and accuracy of the tracking technique were sufficient for phantom studies. A balloon catheter was placed into the stenosis using the guidewire under complete MR guidance, and subsequent balloon angioplasty yielded improved flow conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new guidewire is well-suited for clinical application due to an absence of the risk of core fracture and its atraumatic flexible tip. It opens novel prospects for the realization of ipMRA in humans that need to be explored in further studies.
authors.affiliation: MR-Physics, University of Basel/University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. Ralf.Mekle@unibas.ch
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mekle
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheffler
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bilecen
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011108:Polymers; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers