title: Association analysis of the chromosome 4p-located G protein-coupled receptor 78 (GPR78) gene in bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia.
abstract: The orphan G protein-coupled receptor 78 (GPR78) gene lies within a region of chromosome 4p where we have previously shown linkage to bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) in a large Scottish family. GPR78 was screened for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a linkage disequilibrium map was constructed. Six tagging SNPs were selected and tested for association on a sample of 377 BPAD, 392 schizophrenia (SCZ) and 470 control individuals. Using standard chi(2) statistics and a backwards logistic regression approach to adjust for the effect of sex, SNP rs1282, located approximately 3 kb upstream of the coding region, was identified as a potentially important variant in SCZ (chi(2) P=0.044; LRT P=0.065). When the analysis was restricted to females, the strength of association increased to an uncorrected allele P-value of 0.015 (odds ratios (OR)=1.688, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.104-2.581) and uncorrected genotype P-value of 0.015 (OR=5.991, 95% CI: 1.545-23.232). Under the recessive model, the genotype P-value improved further to 0.005 (OR=5.618, 95% CI: 1.460-21.617) and remained significant after correcting for multiple testing (P=0.017). No single-marker association was detected in the SCZ males, in the BPAD individuals or with any other SNP. Haplotype analysis of the case-control samples revealed several global and individual haplotypes, with P-values <0.05, all but one of which contained SNP rs1282. After correcting for multiple testing, two haplotypes remained significant in both the female BPAD individuals (P=0.038 and 0.032) and in the full sample of affected female individuals (P=0.044 and 0.033). Our results provide preliminary evidence for the involvement of GPR78 in susceptibility to BPAD and SCZ in the Scottish population.
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Section, Molecular Medicine Centre, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christoforou
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenesa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Hellard
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: D H R
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Blackwood
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Porteous
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics*; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; C401923:NPBWR2 protein, human; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide