title: Safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the absence of conclusive data, portal vein (PV) thrombosis is considered a contraindication to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of our study was to establish the safety of TACE in such patients and identify key prognostic factors and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were prospectively collected from 32 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC and PV thrombosis who underwent treatment with TACE. History and physical examination, relevant laboratory values, and contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained before each TACE procedure. Repeated TACE was performed every 6 weeks unless patients developed a contraindication or MR imaging showed complete response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median overall survival was 9.5 months (range, 3-50 months). Child-Pugh numerical disease stage was the prognostic factor most strongly related to survival. The 30-day mortality rate was zero and there was no evidence of TACE-related hepatic infarction or acute liver failure. The 6-, 9-, 12-, and 18-month survival rates were 60%, 47%, 25%, and 12.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PV thrombosis should not be considered a contraindication to TACE. Compared with historical control subjects who received traditional forms of treatment, the patients in the present study had extended survival. However, prospective randomized trials are necessary to show this conclusively and to show which subgroups benefit.
authors.affiliation: Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 545, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Christos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Georgiades
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Jean-Francois H
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geschwind
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011169:Portal Vein; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*