title: RUNX3 cooperates with FoxO3a to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.
abstract: The transcription factor RUNX3, which mediates apoptosis and cell growth inhibition in gastric epithelial cells, is a candidate tumor suppressor that is frequently lost in gastric cancer cells. Here, we found that restoration of RUNX3 expression in the cell line not expressing RUNX3 induced apoptosis and that it physically interacted with the Forkhead transcription factor FoxO3a/FKHRL1, known to be an important regulator of apoptosis and the cell cycle. Active unphosphorylated FoxO3a/FKHRL1 was expressed in the gastric cancer cell lines. RUNX3-induced apoptosis depended on the expression of Bim, a proapoptotic BH3-only protein, and both RUNX3 and FoxO3a/FKHRL1 were required for induction of Bim expression. Furthermore, we showed that interaction of RUNX3 and FoxO3a/FKHRL1 was also indispensable for Bim expression and apoptosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In the Bim promoter, RUNX3 bound to two conserved RUNX-binding elements (RBE1 and RBE2), with RBE1 being immediately downstream of a FoxO-binding element. The physical interaction of RUNX3 and FoxO3a/FKHRL1 on the Bim promoter activated transcription of Bim. These findings show that RUNX3 cooperates with FoxO3a/FKHRL1 to participate in the induction of apoptosis by activating Bim and may play an important role in tumor suppression in gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Research Institute, National University Medical Institutes, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117592, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Wei Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D001665:Binding Sites; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit / Q000502:physiology*; D004440:Ecdysone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004441:Ecdysterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit; C499517:FOXO3 protein, human; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D004440:Ecdysone; D004441:Ecdysterone; C008999:ponasterone A; D008156:Luciferases