title: No clear effect of diabetes education on glycaemic control for Turkish type 2 diabetes patients: a controlled experiment in general practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Turkish immigrant diabetics, problems with communication and cultural differences may hinder delivery of diabetes care.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective controlled study, the effect of an ethnic-specific diabetes education programme on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in Turkish type 2 diabetes patients was assessed, by comparing Turkish diabetics who were offered the education programme with Turkish diabetics offered routine care only (control group). From 16 general practices (31 GPs) in Rotterdam, 104 Turkish type 2 diabetes patients were recruited, 85 of whom could be assessed at one-year follow-up. Glycaemic control, lipid concentrations, blood pressure and body mass index were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the control group, mean HbA(1C) in the intervention group decreased by 0.3% (95% CI -0.8 to 0.2). A significant decrease in HbA(1C) was observed in women with HbA(1C) >7% at baseline (-0.9%; 95% CI -1.73 to -0.09) but not in the other subgroups studied. serum lipid concentrations, blood pressure and body mass index remained unchanged in the intervention group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnic-specific diabetes education by Turkish female educators has no obvious beneficial effect on glycaemic control or cardiovascular risk profile. More focus on specific patient selection and gender equality between educators/patients may prove worthwhile.
authors.affiliation: Department EGG, Municipal Health Service, The Hague, the Netherlands. p.uitewaal@ocw.denhaag.nl
authors.forename: P J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Uitewaal
authors.forename: A J J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Voorham
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruijnzeels
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berghout
authors.forename: R M D
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bernsen
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Trienekens
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hoes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000208:ethnology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose