title: Reactive oxygen species generation is involved in epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation through the transient oxidization of Src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase in endothelin-1 signaling pathway in rat cardiac fibroblasts.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is implicated in fibroblast proliferation, which results in cardiac fibrosis. Both reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation play critical roles in ET-1 signal transduction. In this study, we used rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with ET-1 to investigate the connection between ROS generation and EGFR transactivation. ET-1 treatment was found to stimulate the phosphorylation of EGFR and ROS generation, which were abolished by ETA receptor antagonist N-(N-(N-((hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)carbonyl)-L-leucyl)-D-tryptophyl)-D-tryptophan (BQ485). NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and p47phox small interfering RNA knockdown all inhibited the EGFR transactivation induced by ET-1. In contrast, EGFR inhibitor 4-(3'-chloroanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (AG-1478) cannot inhibit intracellular ROS generation induced by ET-1. Src homology 2-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP-2) was shown to be associated with EGFR during ET-1 treatment by EGFR coimmunoprecipitation. ROS have been reported to transiently oxidize the catalytic cysteine of phosphotyrosine phosphatases to inhibit their activity. We examined the effect of ROS on SHP-2 in cardiac fibroblasts using a modified malachite green phosphatase assay. SHP-2 was transiently oxidized during ET-1 treatment, and this transient oxidization could be repressed by DPI or NAC treatment. In SHP-2 knockdown cells, ET-1-induced phosphorylation of EGFR was dramatically elevated and is not influenced by NAC and DPI. However, this elevation was suppressed by GM6001 [a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor] and heparin binding (HB)-epidermal growth factor (EGF) neutralizing antibody. Our data suggest that ET-1-ETA-mediated ROS generation can transiently inhibit SHP-2 activity to facilitate the MMP-dependent and HB-EGF-stimulated EGFR transactivation and mitogenic signal transduction in rat cardiac fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tzu-Hurng
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Neng-Lang
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yen-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yee-Shiuan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Wei-Shiung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Tzu-Ching
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Wen-Ta
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Jin-Jer
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D018909:src Homology Domains
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases