title: Neuroprotective effect of D-psicose on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells.
abstract: We evaluated the neuroprotective effects of D-psicose, one of the rare sugars, on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis in catecholaminergic PC12 cells, the in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD). Apoptotic characteristics of PC12 cells were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. The results showed that D-psicose at a concentration of 50 mM, exerted significant protective effects against the 6-OHDA (200 muM)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis, while other sugars had little or no protective effects. We have observed a significant increase in the level of intracellular glutathione after 24 h in 6-OHDA (200 muM) treated cells, while a decrease in the level was observed at 3 h and 6 h. Also, a synergistic exposure to D-psicose and 6-OHDA for 24 h showed a significant increase in intracellular glutathione level. Therefore, these results suggest that D-psicose may play a potential role as a neuroprotective agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by inducing an up-regulation of intracellular glutathione.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanose
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumori
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
mesh_terms: D018663:Adrenergic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005632:Fructose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018663:Adrenergic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C003243:psicose; D005632:Fructose; D016627:Oxidopamine; D005978:Glutathione