title: Test-retest reliability, internal item consistency, and concurrent validity of the wheelchair seating discomfort assessment tool.
abstract: Discomfort is a common problem for wheelchair users. Few researchers have investigated discomfort among wheelchair users or potential solutions for this problem. One of the impediments to quantitative research on wheelchair seating discomfort has been the lack of a reliable method for quantifying seat discomfort. The purpose of this study was to establish the test-retest reliability, internal item consistency, and concurrent validity of a newly developed Wheelchair Seating Discomfort Assessment Tool (WcS-DAT). Thirty full-time, active wheelchair users with intact sensation were asked to use this and other tools in order to rate their levels of discomfort in a test-retest reliability study format. Data from these measures were analyzed in SPSS using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) model (2,k) to measure the test-retest reliability. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine the internal consistency of the items within the WcS-DAT. Concurrent validity with similar measures was analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlations. ICC scores for all analyses were above the established lower bound of .80, indicating a highly stable and reliable tool. In addition, alpha scores indicated good consistency of all items without redundancy. Finally, correlations with similar tools, such as the Chair Evaluation Checklist and the Short Form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, were significant at the .05 level, and many were significant at the .001 level. These results support the use of the WcS-DAT as a reliable and stable tool for quantifying wheelchair seating discomfort. Its application will enhance the ability to assess and to research this important problem and will provide a means to validate the outcomes of specialized seating interventions for the study population of wheelchairs users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Margo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: Rory A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stadelmeier
mesh_terms: D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology