title: Combined analysis of polymorphisms in angiotensinogen and adducin genes and their effects on hypertension in a Japanese sample: The Shigaraki Study.
abstract: We examined the interactions between lifestyle and polymorphisms of salt-sensitive genes and their effects on hypertension in a general Japanese sample (The Shigaraki Study). The study group consisted of 2,902 subjects who underwent a medical examination in 1999 in Shigaraki, a suburban area in Shiga. Among 1,647 subjects not receiving antihypertensive medication, in a combined analysis of angiotensinogen (AGT) and adducin (ADD1) polymorphisms, double homozygosity of 235Thr or 460Trp was not found to be associated with hypertension. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.06-1.08), body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.13-1.23), alcohol consumption (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16-1.66), family history of hypertension (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.07), and combined AGT M235T Thr/Thr and ADD1 Trp/Trp polymorphisms (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.03-1.82) were associated with hypertension. However, there was no interaction between eating salty food and combined AGT and ADD1 polymorphisms. Furthermore, eating salty food was not associated with hypertension in a multivariate analysis. Therefore, a combination of the AGT and ADD1 polymorphisms appears to be associated with hypertension. However, a simple questionnaire regarding salt intake was not sufficient to confirm the relationship between salt intake and hypertension and/or salt-sensitive genes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kohka Public Hospital, Kohka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsujita
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics*; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000099291:Adducins
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D000099291:Adducins