title: Acute antiinflammatory properties of statins involve peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha via inhibition of the protein kinase C signaling pathway.
abstract: Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase used in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition to their cholesterol-lowering activities, statins exert pleiotropic antiinflammatory effects, which might contribute to their beneficial effects not only on CVD but also on lipid-unrelated immune and inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, stroke, and transplant rejection. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these antiinflammatory properties of statins are unresolved. Here we show that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha mediates antiinflammatory effects of simvastatin in vivo in models of acute inflammation. The inhibitory effects of statins on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response genes were abolished in PPARalpha-deficient macrophages and neutrophils. Moreover, simvastatin inhibited PPARalpha phosphorylation by lipopolysaccharide-activated protein kinase C (PKC) alpha. A constitutive active form of PKCalpha inhibited nuclear factor kappaB transrepression by PPARalpha whereas simvastatin enhanced transrepression activity of wild-type PPARalpha, but not of PPARalpha mutated in its PKC phosphorylation sites. These data indicate that the acute antiinflammatory effect of simvastatin occurs via PPARalpha by a mechanism involving inhibition of PKCalpha inactivation of PPARalpha transrepression activity.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Lille, Département d'Athérosclérose, INSERM, U545, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Réjane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paumelle
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blanquart
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barbier
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duhem
authors.forename: Gaëtane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woerly
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Percevault
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fruchart
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dombrowicz
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glineur
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D047493:PPAR alpha; D019821:Simvastatin; D011493:Protein Kinase C