title: Rectal and vaginal administration of insulin-chitosan formulations: an experimental study in rabbits.
abstract: Insulin is a polypeptide drug and it is degraded by gastrointestinal enzymes, therefore, it cannot be used via oral route readily. There are only parenteral forms available in the market. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rectal and vaginal administration of various insulin gel formulations on the blood glucose level as alternative routes in rabbits. Chitosan gel (CH-gel) was used as a carrier; the penetration enhancing effect of sodium taurocholate and dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DM-betaCD) was also investigated. CH-gel provided longer insulin release. The maximum decreasing effect on blood glucose level was observed with insulin-CH-gel containing 5% DM-betaCD. In conclusion, our results indicate that insulin may penetrate well through the rectal and vaginal mucosae from the CH-gel. DM-betaCD was also found to be a useful agent to enhance the penetration of insulin through rectal and vaginal membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330-Etiler, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zelihagül
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Değim
authors.forename: Tuncer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Değim
authors.forename: Füsun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acartürk
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.forename: Candan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozoğul
authors.forename: Mete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köksal
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork; D011817:Rabbits; D012007:Rectum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D014621:Vagina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061389:Insulin, Regular, Pork; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; C000006:insulin, neutral