title: The PTEN gene in locally progressive prostate cancer is preferentially inactivated by bi-allelic gene deletion.
abstract: PTEN is frequently inactivated during the development of many cancers, including prostate cancer, and both bi-allelic and mono-allelic PTEN inactivation may contribute to tumorigenesis. PTEN mutations in clinical cancer specimens can easily be recorded but mono- or bi-allelic gene deletions are often difficult to assess. We performed a comprehensive study to detect PTEN inactivation in 40 locally progressive clinical prostate cancer specimens obtained by transurethral resection of the prostate, utilizing a variety of complementary technical approaches. The methods to detect PTEN deletion included allelotype analysis, dual-colour FISH and array-based CGH. We also applied a novel semi-quantitative approach, assessing the PTEN-WT (wild-type): PTEN-Psi (pseudogene) ratio (WPR). Structural analysis of PTEN was performed by single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and sequencing. PTEN protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Our data predict complete PTEN inactivation in 12 samples (30%), nine of these by bi-allelic deletion. Loss of one PTEN copy was also detected by several methodologies but the number could not be accurately assessed. Immunohistochemistry indicated the absence of PTEN protein in 15 samples, and heterogeneous expression of the protein in eight tumours. Taken together, these data show that bi-allelic deletion is a major mechanism of PTEN inactivation in locally progressive prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. p.verhagen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: P C M S
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.forename: K G L
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hermans
authors.forename: L H J
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Looijenga
authors.forename: R J H L M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Gurp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stoop
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: van der Kwast
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trapman
mesh_terms: D002879:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human