title: Ultrastructural features of supraspinal muscles in rabbits after long-term transcutaneous lateral electrical surface stimulation (LESS).
abstract: Lateral electrical surface stimulation is one of methods used in the therapy of the progressive form of idiopathic scoliosis (IS) in children and youth. However, there are data suggesting that this method may lead to serious adverse side effects, when used for a too long period of time per day. To clarify this issue, the present study was aimed at disclosing possible changes in the ultrastructural appearance of rabbit supraspinal muscles undergoing long-term stimulation (9 h per day, 3 months), an animal model successfully used to mimic the situation in humans. In comparison to the control animals, muscles of "overstimulated" rabbits exhibited clear signs of microscopical lesions, including depletion and disintegration of myofilaments, proliferation, dilatation and, sometimes, swelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria, as well as signs of destruction of the Z line. The above-mentioned abnormalities, especially the signs of degenerative processes associated with the Z line and the observed microlesions strongly suggest that the failure of the long-term LESS therapy of the IS may be attributable to these ultrastructural lesions.
authors.affiliation: Provincial Childrens' Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre, Ameryka, Poland.
authors.forename: Ireneusz M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Józef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szarek
authors.forename: Izabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Babińska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojtkiewicz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrzejewska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipińska
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*