Genome sequencing and analysis of Aspergillus oryzae.
The genome of Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus important for the production of traditional fermented foods and beverages in Japan, has been sequenced. The ability to secrete large amounts of proteins and the development of a transformation system have facilitated the use of A. oryzae in modern biotechnology. Although both A. oryzae and Aspergillus flavus belong to the section Flavi of the subgenus Circumdati of Aspergillus, A. oryzae, unlike A. flavus, does not produce aflatoxin, and its long history of use in the food industry has proved its safety. Here we show that the 37-megabase (Mb) genome of A. oryzae contains 12,074 genes and is expanded by 7-9 Mb in comparison with the genomes of Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus. Comparison of the three aspergilli species revealed the presence of syntenic blocks and A. oryzae-specific blocks (lacking synteny with A. nidulans and A. fumigatus) in a mosaic manner throughout the genome of A. oryzae. The blocks of A. oryzae-specific sequence are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, particularly those for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Specific expansion of genes for secretory hydrolytic enzymes, amino acid metabolism and amino acid/sugar uptake transporters supports the idea that A. oryzae is an ideal microorganism for fermentation.
Machida
Masayuki
M
Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. m.machida@aist.go.jp
Asai
Kiyoshi
K
Sano
Motoaki
M
Tanaka
Toshihiro
T
Kumagai
Toshitaka
T
Terai
Goro
G
Kusumoto
Ken-Ichi
K
Arima
Toshihide
T
Akita
Osamu
O
Kashiwagi
Yutaka
Y
Abe
Keietsu
K
Gomi
Katsuya
K
Horiuchi
Hiroyuki
H
Kitamoto
Katsuhiko
K
Kobayashi
Tetsuo
T
Takeuchi
Michio
M
Denning
David W
DW
Galagan
James E
JE
Nierman
William C
WC
Yu
Jiujiang
J
Archer
David B
DB
Bennett
Joan W
JW
Bhatnagar
Deepak
D
Cleveland
Thomas E
TE
Fedorova
Natalie D
ND
Gotoh
Osamu
O
Horikawa
Hiroshi
H
Hosoyama
Akira
A
Ichinomiya
Masayuki
M
Igarashi
Rie
R
Iwashita
Kazuhiro
K
Juvvadi
Praveen Rao
PR
Kato
Masashi
M
Kato
Yumiko
Y
Kin
Taishin
T
Kokubun
Akira
A
Maeda
Hiroshi
H
Maeyama
Noriko
N
Maruyama
Jun-ichi
J
Nagasaki
Hideki
H
Nakajima
Tasuku
T
Oda
Ken
K
Okada
Kinya
K
Paulsen
Ian
I
Sakamoto
Kazutoshi
K
Sawano
Toshihiko
T
Takahashi
Mikio
M
Takase
Kumiko
K
Terabayashi
Yasunobu
Y
Wortman
Jennifer R
JR
Yamada
Osamu
O
Yamagata
Youhei
Y
Anazawa
Hideharu
H
Hata
Yoji
Y
Koide
Yoshinao
Y
Komori
Takashi
T
Koyama
Yasuji
Y
Minetoki
Toshitaka
T
Suharnan
Sivasundaram
S
Tanaka
Akimitsu
A
Isono
Katsumi
K
Kuhara
Satoru
S
Ogasawara
Naotake
N
Kikuchi
Hisashi
H
D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D023281:Genomics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D026801:Synteny
D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases