title: Intraocular concentrations of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in the anterior chamber via diffusion through the cornea using collagen shields.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the penetration of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin into the anterior chamber, and any adverse reaction to the cornea, using collagen shields presoaked in oversaturated solutions of the antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collagen shields, presoaked for 10 minutes in an oversaturated solution of gatifloxacin or moxifloxacin, were placed on the surface of each of the corneas of 15 rabbits for a total of 30 eyes (15 in each group). The antibiotics were prepared by dissolving the powder form of the antibiotics in a solution until no further particulate could be further dissolved. Aqueous humor samples were taken 3.5 and 6 hours later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The initial concentrations of gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin were 5.43 +/- 0.16 mg/mL and 3.14 +/- 0.22 mg/mL, respectively. The average concentration of gatifloxacin in the anterior chamber was higher than that of moxifloxacin at the 3.5-hour sample (6.32 +/- 2.67 microg/mL versus 3.55 +/- 3.5 microg/mL, P = 0.0034). The concentrations of both antibiotics, although decreased, remained relatively high at the 6-hour sample (1.39 +/- 1.13 microg/mL versus 0.816 +/- 0.6 microg/mL at 6 hours, respectively, P = 0.22). No obvious clinical or histologic signs of toxicity were noticed in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin showed good penetration into the anterior chamber with no obvious adverse reaction to the cornea. The concentrations in the anterior chamber exceeded the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 90 of most organisms responsible for postoperative endophthalmitis (POE).
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA. guy.kleinmann@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kleinmann
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Irmingard M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Neuhann
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hunold
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: LeBoyer
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamalis
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004058:Diffusion; D004337:Drug Carriers; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D008297:Male; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D004337:Drug Carriers; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D003094:Collagen; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin