title: Endocrine alterations in critically ill patients with stroke during the early recovery period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endocrine abnormalities in critically ill patients with stroke during the early recovery period have not been well characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate this issue, 33 consecutive mechanically ventilated patients (27 men) with hemorrhagic (n = 21) or ischemic (n = 12) stroke having a mean age of 57 +/- 12 years were studied. Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission in the hospital was 8 +/- 3. The following basal hormones were measured within 72 hours postextubation: cortisol, corticotropin (ACTH), free thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Subsequently, a low-dose (1 microg) ACTH stimulation test was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six (79%) patients showed endocrine alterations. The most common change was low IGF-1 levels compatible with growth hormone deficiency (45%), followed by hypogonadism (39%), thyroid dysfunction (36%), and cortisol hyporesponsiveness (33%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuroendocrine changes occur with high frequency in critically ill patients with stroke during the early recovery period. It remains to be determined whether these changes have implications for functional and/or clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Evangelismos Hospital, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. idimo@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimopoulou
authors.forename: Andreas T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Kouyialis
authors.forename: Stylianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armaganidis
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzanela
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thalassinos
authors.forename: Stylianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsagarakis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D016638:Critical Illness; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*