title: The agreement between the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph and a digital nonmydriatic retinal camera in assessing area cup-to-disc ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the repeatability and agreement between a digital camera (monoscopic and stereoscopic images) and the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in determining cup-to-disc ratio. A secondary purpose was to determine the monoscopic and stereoscopic thresholds that maximize specificity and sensitivity when compared with the HRT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community living participants aged between 70 and 79 years had their optic discs imaged with a digital nonmydriatic retinal camera (NMRC) and the HRT. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% tolerance limits of change were used to determine repeatability characteristics of the instruments. The agreement between the HRT- and NMRC-derived area cup-to-disc ratios was assessed using weighted kappa statistics and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The agreements between the monoscopic and stereoscopic images and HRT were assessed for 1238 and 1173 eyes, respectively. The reliability measures for both NMRC techniques and HRT were almost perfect (ICC = 0.84-0.99) with narrow tolerance limits of change (9.2%-18.4%) and very small systemic biases (P < 0.05). The agreement between the HRT and both NMRC techniques was substantial, with a weighted kappa = 0.83. The HRT gave a marginally larger area cup-to-disc ratio than the monoscopic and stereoscopic images by 0.008 and 0.006, respectively (P < 0.001). The areas under the ROC curves for both NMRC techniques were 0.98, indicating excellent discriminating characteristics (P < 0.001). An area cup-to-disc ratio cutoff of > or =0.5 for the monoscopic and stereoscopic NMRC was highly specific (94.1% and 91.6%) and sensitive (87.5% and 97.2%, respectively) in determining an HRT-derived area cup-to-disc ratio >0.6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The monoscopic and stereoscopic digital images showed excellent repeatability and demonstrated substantial agreement with the HRT. The results indicate that the digital NMRC could be a reliable and useful instrument for assessing area cup-to-disc ratio and screening for glaucoma-suspect eyes in the community.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Australia. ecosse@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Ecosse L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Lamoureux
authors.forename: Karyan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Constantinou
authors.forename: Jill E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Keeffe
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Hugh R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014054:Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods