title: An antibiotic order form intervention does not improve or reduce vancomycin use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a paper-based antibiotic ordering system is an effective antibiotic stewardship measure.
  
  
  METHODS
  An antibiotic order form (AOF) was introduced in July 2001 at a pediatric tertiary care hospital. Vancomycin courses prescribed before and after the AOF introduction were retrospectively reviewed based on Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee guidelines. The impact of the AOF on the appropriateness of vancomycin prescribing was evaluated in univariate and multivariable analyses that adjusted for other factors associated with appropriateness of vancomycin use. The density of vancomycin use after introduction of the AOF was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance with the AOF was poor (<50%) during the planned study period; therefore an additional 2 months of improved compliance (70-80%) were included. Rates of inappropriate vancomycin use increased during the study periods: 35% before AOF; 39% post-AOF; and 51% during the improved compliance period. On adjusted analysis, vancomycin utilization was significantly more inappropriate after introduction of the AOF. Vancomycin doses per 1000 patient days increased after introduction of the AOF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inappropriate vancomycin use and vancomycin use overall increased after the introduction of an AOF. An AOF intervention did not have its intended effect of improving and reducing vancomycin use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. m-bolon@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Maureen K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bolon
authors.forename: Alana D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods; D005568:Forms and Records Control; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006745:Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012307:Risk Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin