title: Osteoblastic differentiation of monkey embryonic stem cells in vitro.
abstract: Monkey embryonic stem (ES) cell is a useful tool for preclinical studies of regenerative medicine. In this paper, we investigated whether monkey ES cells can be differentiated into osteoblasts in vitro using factors known to promote osteogenesis. We prepared embryoid bodies (EB) in the presence of retinoic acid (RA) and subsequently differentiated in the medium containing either dexamethasone (DEX) or bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in addition to osteogenic supplements (OS), specifically ascorbic acid and beta-glycerophosphate. RA treatment during EB formation induced osteoblastic marker genes, such as collagen type 1, osteopontin, and Cbfa1. For the expression of osteocalcin, however, cultivation with medium containing either DEX or BMP-2 in addition to OS was required. These results showed that osteoblasts could be derived from monkey ES cells in vitro and BMP-2 + OS was effective to induce calcification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Ohtsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Tatsuyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torii
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003907:Dexamethasone