title: Performance of long-term CT monitoring in diagnosing bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of CT, including expiratory scans with minimum intensity projection in predicting the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients, 29 bilateral and 11 single lung transplanted, were followed-up with regular scans for a median of 36 months. Air trapping was evaluated on expiratory scans constructed from two short spiral scans with minimum intensity projection-technique, one at the level of the carina and the other midway between the right diaphragm and the carina. Air trapping was scored on a 16-point scale. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was diagnosed according to established clinical criteria and quantified spirometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome developed in 17 patients (43%) after a median of 12 months. Air trapping and bronchiectasis was seen before the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in only two and one patient, respectively. Interobserver agreement for air trapping score was good (kappa = 0.65). Air trapping scores performed significantly better than that achieved by chance alone in determining the presence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (P = 0.0025). An air trapping score of 4 or more provided the best results with regard to sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of an air trapping of 4 or more in the diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome were 77, 74, 68 and 81%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expiratory CT scans with minimum intensity projection-reconstruction did not predict the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in most patients. The findings seriously limit the clinical usefulness of long-term CT monitoring for diagnosing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Sognsvannsveien 20, N-0027 Oslo, Norway. a.e.berstad@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Audun E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Berstad
authors.forename: Trond Mogens
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Aaløkken
authors.forename: Alf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolbenstvedt
authors.forename: Oystein
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bjørtuft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*