title: Repeated administration of adenovector in the eye results in efficient gene delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether repeat administration of an adenovector (Ad) into the eye results in efficient gene delivery and to test whether transgenes can be expressed from an adenovector expression system in the presence of preexisting, neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the efficiency of repeated gene delivery of an adenovector expression system, C57Bl/6 mice received one, two, or three injections (intravitreal [IVT] or periocular [PO]) of AdNull.11D (empty cassette) at 2-week intervals, followed by a single AdLuciferase (AdL.11D) IVT or PO injection. Mice were killed approximately 24 hours after AdL.11D injection and the eyes were enucleated and stored until assayed. Serum samples were also analyzed to determine whether repeated IVT or PO injections lead to induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against an adenovector delivery system. To determine whether preexisting neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies would block transgene expression, mice were preimmunized with one, two, or three intramuscular (IM) injection(s) of AdNull.11D (1 x 10(9) particle units [pu]). Fourteen days later, when systemic anti-Ad antibody titers were expected to exist, mice were given a single AdL.11D injection (IVT or PO) and killed, and the eyes and serum collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These studies show that multiple injections at 2-week intervals with adenovectors (IM, IVT, or PO) did not prevent transgene expression in the eye. Moreover, measurement of neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers revealed that measurable anti-Ad antibody titers in mice did not ablate transgene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies suggest that transgene expression after repeated adenovector administration into the eye is feasible and repeated injections, whether given IVT or PO, do not lead to an immediate increase in neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers. Moreover, preimmunization of mice by systemic exposure to adenovector, does not block transgene expression in the eye. These studies indicate that repeat administration of adenovectors (IVT and PO) into the eye can be considered in designing future clinical trials and that the pre-existence of neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies probably does not mitigate activity.
authors.affiliation: GenVec, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Brough
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McVey
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bruder
authors.forename: C Richter
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Lisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007267:Injections; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019233:Retreatment; D019076:Transgenes; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008156:Luciferases