title: Development and validation of a rapid reversed-phase HPLC method for the determination of insulin from nanoparticulate systems.
abstract: A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of insulin in nanoparticulate dosage forms. Its application for the development and characterization of insulin-loaded nanoparticulates composed of polyelectrolytes has also been carried out. A reversed-phase (RP) C18 column and gradient elution with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (ACN) and 0.1% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution at a flow rate of 1 mL/min was used. Protein identification was made by UV detection at 214 nm. The gradient changed from 30:70 (ACN:TFA, v/v) to 40:60 (v/v) in 5 min followed by isocratic elution at 40:60 (v/v) for a further five minutes. The method was linear in the range of 1-100 microg/mL (R2 = 0.9996), specific with a good inter-day and intra-day precision based on relative standard deviation values (less than 3.80%). The recovery was between 98.86 and 100.88% and the detection and quantitation limits were 0.24 and 0.72 microg/mL, respectively. The method was further tested for the determination of the association efficiency of insulin to nanoparticulate carriers composed of alginate and chitosan, as well as its loading capacity for this protein. Encapsulant release under simulated gastrointestinal fluids was evaluated. The method can be used for development and characterization of insulin-loaded nanoparticles made from cross-linked chitosan-alginate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. bruno.sarmento@ff.up.pt
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: Domingos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin