title: Developing a decision instrument to guide computed tomographic imaging of blunt head injury patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computed tomographic (CT) head scanning of blunt trauma patients is expensive, delays care, and necessitates radiation exposure, while detecting intracranial injuries in a minority of patients. Clinical characteristics may be able reliably identify patients who do not have intracranial injuries and consequently, do no require imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians assessed blunt trauma patients undergoing imaging for the presence or absence of specific criteria. Recursive partitioning was used to identify criteria that predict intracranial injuries with high sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracranial injuries were found in 917 of 13,728 enrolled patients (6.7%). Injuries were rare among patients under age 65 who had no evidence of skull fracture, scalp hematoma, neurologic deficit, abnormal alertness, abnormal behavior, coagulopathy, or persistent vomiting. These characteristics would have identified 901 injury cases (sensitivity 98.3% [CI: 97.2-99.0]), while classifying 1,752 patients (12.8%) as "low risk."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical characteristics can reliably identify patients who are unlikely to have intracranial injuries and who do not require CT imaging.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Emergency Medicine Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. wmower@ucla.edu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Mower
authors.forename: Jerome R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Allan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Wolfson
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Zucker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003663:Decision Trees; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D020198:Intracranial Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology