title: Statins and cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that have been proven in randomized controlled trials to prevent cardiac events. Recent retrospective analyses have suggested that statins also prevent cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of statin therapy on cancer incidence and cancer death and to analyze the effect of statins on specific cancers and the effect of statin lipophilicity or derivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, CANCERLIT, and the Cochrane Systematic Review Database through July 2005 was conducted using specific search terms. A review of cardiology and cancer abstracts and manual review of references was also performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven of the 8943 articles (n = 86,936 participants) initially identified met the inclusion criteria, reporting 26 randomized controlled trials of statins, with a mean duration of follow-up of at least 1 year, enrolling a minimum of 100 patients, and reporting data on either cancer incidence (n = 20 studies) or cancer death (n = 22 studies).
  
  
  METHODS
  All data were independently extracted by 3 investigators using a standardized data abstraction tool. Weighted averages were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird methods). Statistical heterogeneity scores were assessed with the Q statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In meta-analyses including 6662 incident cancers and 2407 cancer deaths, statins did not reduce the incidence of cancer (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.97-1.07) or cancer deaths (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93-1.09). No reductions were noted for any individual cancer type. This null effect on cancer incidence persisted when only hydrophilic, lipophilic, naturally derived, or synthetically derived statins were evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statins have a neutral effect on cancer and cancer death risk in randomized controlled trials. We found that no type of cancer was affected by statin use and no subtype of statin affected the risk of cancer.
authors.affiliation: University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, Conn, USA.
authors.forename: Krista M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Craig I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Nickole N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Henyan
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluger
authors.forename: C Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors