title: Physiological bases of bone regeneration I. Histology and physiology of bone tissue.
abstract: Bone is the only body tissue capable of regeneration, allowing the restitutio ad integrum following trauma. In the event of a fracture or bone graft, new bone is formed, which following the remodeling process is identical to the pre-existing. Bone is a dynamic tissue in constant formation and resorption. This balanced phenomena, known as the remodeling process, allows the renovation of 5-15% of the total bone mass per year under normal conditions. Bone remodeling consists of the resorption of a certain amount of bone by osteoclasts, likewise the formation of osteoid matrix by osteoblasts, and its subsequent mineralization. This phenomenon occurs in small areas of the cortical bone or the trabecular surface, called Basic Multicellular Units (BMU). Treatment in Traumatology, Orthopedics, Implantology, and Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, is based on the biologic principals of bone regeneration, in which cells, extracellular matrix, and osteoinductive signals are involved. The aim of this paper is to provide an up date on current knowledge on the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of bone regeneration, paying particular attention to the role played by the cells and proteins of the bone matrix.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud III, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón. isatresguerres@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández-Tresguerres-Hernández-Gil
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alobera-Gracia
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del-Canto-Pingarrón
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blanco-Jerez
mesh_terms: D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins