title: Composition of perineuronal nets in the adult rat cerebellum and the cellular origin of their components.
abstract: The decrease in plasticity that occurs in the central nervous system during postnatal development is accompanied by the appearance of perineuronal nets (PNNs) around the cell body and dendrites of many classes of neuron. These structures are composed of extracellular matrix molecules, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), hyaluronan (HA), tenascin-R, and link proteins. To elucidate the role played by neurons and glial cells in constructing PNNs, we studied the expression of PNN components in the adult rat cerebellum by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. In the deep cerebellar nuclei, only large excitatory neurons were surrounded by nets, which contained the CSPGs aggrecan, neurocan, brevican, versican, and phosphacan, along with tenascin-R and HA. Whereas both net-bearing neurons and glial cells were the sources of CSPGs and tenascin-R, only the neurons expressed the mRNA for HA synthases (HASs), cartilage link protein, and link protein Bral2. In the cerebellar cortex, Golgi neurons possessed PNNs and also synthesized HASs, cartilage link protein, and Bral2 mRNAs. To see whether HA might link PNNs to the neuronal cell surface by binding to a receptor, we investigated the expression of the HA receptors CD44, RHAMM, and LYVE-1. No immunolabelling for HA receptors on the membrane of net-bearing neurons was found. We therefore propose that HASs, which can retain HA on the cell surface, may act as a link between PNNs and neurons. Thus, HAS and link proteins might be key molecules for PNN formation and stability.
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carulli
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Bonnert
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Strata
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fawcett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D000076002:Hyaluronan Synthases