title: Physiotherapy rehabilitation of the smile after long-term facial nerve palsy using video self-modeling and implementation intentions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve smiling after long-term facial nerve palsy (FNP). Physiotherapy rehabilitation of an adapted (more symmetrical) smile was investigated in FNP subjects 1 year post-onset, using video self-modeling (video replay of only best adapted smiles) and implementation intentions (preplanning adapted smiles for specific situations).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, blinded clinical trial. Facial-Nerve-Palsy Clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After video self-modeling: 1) reaction time (RT) to initiation of adapted smiles became 224 ms faster whereas RT for everyday (asymmetrical) smiles became 153 ms slower; 2) adapted smiles were completed 544 ms faster; 3) adapted smiles had higher overall quality, movement control, and symmetry ratings; and 4) Facial Disability Index scores also improved. Implementation intentions after video self-modeling ensured transfer of adapted smile to everyday situations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Following intervention the smile improved, with significant changes in availability, execution speed, and quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports these rehabilitation techniques to maximize quality of smiling following FNP.
  
  
  METHODS
  B-2b.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumberland Campus, The University of Sydney, PO Box 170 Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW 1825, Australia. s.coulson@fhs.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Coulson
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
authors.forename: Glen R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Croxson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012904:Smiling / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording