title: Food groups and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicenter, case-control study in Italy.
abstract: Incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been rising worldwide, but the reasons are undefined. Dietary habits may play a role in the etiology of NHL by influencing the metabolic pathways of several cells of the immune system. This case-control study investigated the relation between food consumption and NHL risk. Between 1999 and 2002, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study on NHL in 2 areas of Italy. Cases were 190 patients (median age 58 years) with incident NHL admitted to specialized and general hospitals. Controls were 484 patients (median age 63 years) with acute non-neoplastic conditions admitted to the same hospitals network of cases. A validated food-frequency questionnaire was used to assess habitual diet 2 years before interview. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), with allowance for energy intake, according to the residual model. Consumption of highest versus lowest quartile of pasta/rice (OR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.04-3.36) and cheese (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 0.98-2.83) were associated with a significantly increased NHL risk. Inverse association was found for vegetables (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.87), fruits (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30-0.85), and egg consumption (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.97). The association of pasta/rice was also supported by an increased risk of high glycemic load levels (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.04-3.32). In conclusion, our results suggested that diet could affect NHL risk.
authors.affiliation: Unità di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, I-33081 Aviano (PN), Italy. talaminir@cro.it
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Talamini
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polesel
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montella
authors.forename: Luigino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dal Maso
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crovatto
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crispo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spina
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Canzonieri
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors