title: Differential diagnosis of nodular lesions in cirrhotic liver by post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced US with Levovist: comparison with superparamagnetic iron oxide magnetic resonance images.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the diagnostic utility of post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US) and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as compared to the histological diagnosis of differential grades of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine patients with histologically characterized liver nodules (well-differentiated HCC, n = 20; moderately differentiated HCC, n = 19; poorly differentiated HCC, n = 1; dysplastic nodule, n = 9) received contrast-enhanced US and SPIO-MRI. Subsequently, we quantitatively evaluated the relationships between the images of the nodules and their histological diagnosis and differential grades.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of the echogenicity of the tumorous area to that of the nontumorous area with post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced US (post-vascular phase ratio) decreased as nodules became less differentiated (P < 0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test). The ratio of the intensity of the nontumorous area to that of the tumorous area on SPIO-enhanced MR images (SPIO intensity index) also decreased as nodules became less differentiated (P < 0.01). The post-vascular phase ratio correlated with the SPIO intensity index for HCCs and dysplastic nodules (r = 0.76). The conformity of the result from the post-vascular phase contrast-enhanced US and SPIO-MRI was 96%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced US is a valuable method for predicting the histological grade of HCCs in cirrhotic patients, and may be a good alternative to SPIO-enhanced MRI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Ryousuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watai
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Hobyung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Toyokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awai
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Maenishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508; C000499:ferric oxide