title: Patterns of psychotropic medication use by race among veterans with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether race was associated with patterns of psychotropic medication use among veterans with bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were examined for veterans from the mid-Atlantic region with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in fiscal year 2001. Prescription data determined whether differences existed between black and nonblack patients in the receipt of lithium, other mood stabilizers, all mood stabilizers, first-generation antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics, all antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, all antidepressants, and benzodiaze-pines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data for 2,958 patients were sampled: 347 blacks and 2,611 nonblacks. Multivariable analyses that adjusted for patient and clinical factors revealed that compared with nonblacks, blacks were significantly less likely to receive lithium and SSRIs and significantly more likely to receive first-generation antipsychotics and any antipsychotic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that efforts should be made to reduce disparities in access to pharmacotherapy among patients with bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Department of Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Mailstop 151C-U, University Drive C, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA. amy.kilbourne@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kilbourne
authors.forename: Harold Alan
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pincus
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014728:Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs