title: Models, measurement, and strategies in developing critical-thinking skills.
abstract: Health care professionals must use critical-thinking skills to solve increasingly complex problems. Educators need to help nurses develop their critical-thinking skills to maintain and enhance their competence. This article reviews various models of critical thinking, as well as methods used to evaluate critical thinking. Specific educational strategies to develop nurses' critical-thinking skills are discussed. Additional research studies are needed to determine how the process of nursing practice can nurture and develop critical-thinking skills, and which strategies are most effective in developing and evaluating critical thinking.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Education and Staff Development, Summa Health System, Staff Development, 41 Arch Street, Akron, OH 44304, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Brunt
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003405:Creativity; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006184:Habits; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D019359:Knowledge; D008128:Logic; D017145:Models, Educational; D016294:Models, Nursing; D008960:Models, Psychological; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D009736:Nursing Process / Q000592:standards*; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D011340:Problem Solving; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013192:Staff Development / Q000458:organization & administration; D013663:Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration; D013850:Thinking