title: Induction of extracellular matrix synthesis in normal human fibroblasts by anthraquinone isolated from Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit.
abstract: In previous studies we found that Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit extract up-regulated biosynthesis of type I collagen and glycosaminoglycans in primary cultures of normal human fibroblasts. The objective of this study was to identify the active ingredients in Noni fruit extract. An active single compound having a type I collagen-stimulating effect was isolated and identified as 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and mass analysis. It was revealed that anthraquinone showed significantly increased elaboration of procollagen type I C-terminal peptide and glycosaminoglycans and reduced expression of the collagenase matrix metalloproteinase-1 dose-dependently in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, in a clinical trial, a nano-emulsion containing anthraquinone predominantly increased the dermal type I procollagen in nude mouse skin. These results suggest that anthraquinone derived from Noni extract is a good candidate for use as a new anti-wrinkle agent due to its strong induction of biosynthetic activity of extracellular matrix components.
authors.affiliation: Coreana Skin Science Research Center, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byoung-Kee
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Ji-Hean
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sun-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Yong-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D032066:Morinda / Q000737:chemistry*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011347:Procollagen / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C510256:1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-7-methylanthraquinone; D000880:Anthraquinones; D024042:Collagen Type I; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011347:Procollagen; C042813:procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide; C034890:1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1