title: Anti-inflammatory effect of propolis through inhibition of nitric oxide production on carrageenin-induced mouse paw edema.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory effect of propolis was compared with that of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and L-N(G)-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, using carrageenin-induced mouse paw edema. When administered 10 min prior to carrageenin injection, propolis (1 : 1000, 1 : 100, p.o.), diclofenac (12.5, 50 mg/kg, p.o.) and L-NAME (10, 100 mg/kg, s.c.) showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-inflammatory effects of propolis and L-NAME were significantly inhibited by L-arginine, a precursor of nitric oxide, but not by D-arginine. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory effect produced by diclofenac was not inhibited by either D-arginine or L-arginine. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effect of propolis on mouse paw edema acts via the inhibition of nitric oxide production, similar to that of L-NAME but not diclofenac.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan. koichi@tohoku-pharm.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tan-No
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nakagawasai
authors.forename: Fukie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Niijima
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tadano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004008:Diclofenac; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002351:Carrageenan; D011429:Propolis; D001120:Arginine; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester