title: Plasma clearance of lovastatin versus chinese red yeast rice in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is now accepted that inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis is effective in the primary and secondary prevention of heart disease. However, the perceived side-effects on muscle and liver reduce the general acceptance of statin drug therapy as well as compliance over the long term, which is necessary for prevention efforts to be successful. Chinese red yeast rice (CRYR) is a supplement containing lovastatin (monacolin K), eight other monacolins, pigments, tannins, and other phytochemicals. The authors previously reported on a double- blind placebo-controlled trial of CRYR supplement in 80 individuals demonstrating a significant decrease in cholesterol levels from 250 mg/dL to 210 mg/dL over 8 weeks independent of diet. The current study compared the pharmacokinetics of CRYR with lovastatin at the same bioeffective dose for lowering cholesterol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven (11) healthy volunteers were randomized to a crossover study taking 2400 mg CRYR or 20 mg of lovastatin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) of lovastatin were 22.42 ng/mL, and 80.47 higher than CRYR (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). The Cmax for lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 36.63 ng/mL higher than the Cmax of CRYR hydroxy-acid (p = 0.001). The AUC of lovastatin hydroxy-acid was 258.5 greater than that of CRYR (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggested that the effect of CRYR on the cholesterol concentration might be caused by the additive and/or synergistic effects of monacolin K with other monacolins and substances in CRYR. It may lead to the ultimate development of a botanical supplement based on CRYR.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095-1742, USA. zli@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Navindra P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Seeram
authors.forename: Rupo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thames
authors.forename: Chayo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minutti
authors.forename: He-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; C117343:red yeast rice; D002784:Cholesterol; D008148:Lovastatin