title: The neuroendocrine response to critical illness is a dynamic process.
abstract: Striking alterations in the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-peripheral hormone axes hallmark the state of critical illness, their severity being associated with high risk for morbidity and mortality. Early endocrine intervention strategies aimed to correct the hormone balance have been shown ineffective or even harmful because of lack of thorough pathophysiologic understanding of these neuroendocrine changes. Extensive research, however, has provided crucial insights, with the demonstration of the biphasic response of the anterior pituitary to the severe stress of critical illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vanhorebeek
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van den Berghe
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003422:Critical Care; D016638:Critical Illness; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000502:physiology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone