TGF-beta1 released from activated platelets can induce TNF-stimulated human brain endothelium apoptosis: a new mechanism for microvascular lesion during cerebral malaria.
Platelets have recently been shown to accumulate in brain microvessels of patients with cerebral malaria and to modulate the binding of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red cells to human brain endothelium in vitro. In the present study we used a platelet-endothelial cell coculture model to investigate the mechanisms by which platelets modify the function of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBEC). Platelets were found to have a proapoptotic effect on TNF-activated HBEC, and this was contact-dependent, as inhibiting platelet binding prevented endothelial cell killing. We also showed that the supernatants of thrombin-activated platelets killed TNF-stimulated HBEC and that TGF-beta1 was the main molecule involved in endothelial cell death, because its inhibition completely abrogated the activated-platelet supernatant effect. Our data illustrate another aspect of the duality of TGF-beta1 in malaria and may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.
Wassmer
Samuel C
SC
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 6020, Faculty of Medicine, Institut Fédératif de Recherches (IFR) 48, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
de Souza
J Brian
JB
Frère
Corinne
C
Candal
Francisco J
FJ
Juhan-Vague
Irène
I
Grau
Georges E
GE
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology*; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015539:Platelet Activation; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha