title: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with prosthetic devices: costs and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of nosocomial infection, little is known about the impact of S. aureus bacteremia on patients with prosthetic devices. This investigation sought to define the clinical outcome, health care resource use, and infection-associated costs of S. aureus bacteremia in patients with prostheses.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitalized patients with a prosthetic device and S. aureus bacteremia during the 96-month study period were identified prospectively. Clinical data were collected at the time of hospitalization. Data regarding infection-related resource utilization and infection-related costs within 12 weeks of the initial bacteremia were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  298 patients with > or =1 prosthesis and S. aureus bacteremia were identified (cardiovascular device--122 patients, orthopedic device--73 patients, long-term catheter--71 patients, and other devices-32 patients). Overall, 58% of patients underwent surgery as a consequence of the infection. Infection-related complications occurred in 41% and the overall 12-week mortality was 27%. The mean infection-related cost was 67439 dollars for patients with hospital-acquired S. aureus bacteremia and 37868 dollars for community-acquired S. aureus bacteremia (cost difference 29571 dollars; 95% confidence interval, 14370 dollars-49826 dollars). Rates of device infection, complications, 12-week mortality, and mean cost varied by prosthesis type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. aureus bacteremia in patients with prosthetic devices is associated with frequent complications, substantial cost, and significant health care resource utilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. chu00009@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Vivian H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Crosslin
authors.forename: Joelle Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Shelby D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cabell
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Leah E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Masselink
authors.forename: Keith S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: G Ralph
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: L Barth
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Reller
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stryjewski
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: Vance G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology*; D003428:Cross Infection; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity