title: Noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopic pharmacodynamic markers of the choline kinase inhibitor MN58b in human carcinoma models.
abstract: MN58b is a novel anticancer drug that inhibits choline kinase, resulting in inhibition of phosphocholine synthesis. The aim of this work was to develop a noninvasive and robust pharmacodynamic biomarker for target inhibition and, potentially, tumor response following MN58b treatment. Human HT29 (colon) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) carcinoma cells were examined by proton (1H) and phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) before and after treatment with MN58b both in culture and in xenografts. An in vitro time course study of MN58b treatment was also carried out in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, enzymatic assays of choline kinase activity in cells were done. A decrease in phosphocholine and total choline levels (P < 0.05) was observed in vitro in both cell lines after MN58b treatment, whereas the inactive analogue ACG20b had no effect. In MDA-MB-231 cells, phosphocholine fell significantly as early as 4 hours following MN58b treatment, whereas a drop in cell number was observed at 48 hours. Significant correlation was also found between phosphocholine levels (measured by MRS) and choline kinase activities (r2 = 0.95, P = 0.0008) following MN58b treatment. Phosphomonoesters also decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both HT29 and MDA-MB-231 xenografts with no significant changes in controls. 31P-MRS and 1H-MRS of tumor extracts showed a significant decrease in phosphocholine (P < or = 0.05). Inhibition of choline kinase by MN58b resulted in altered phospholipid metabolism both in cultured tumor cells and in vivo. Phosphocholine levels were found to correlate with choline kinase activities. The decrease in phosphocholine, total choline, and phosphomonoesters may have potential as noninvasive pharmacodynamic biomarkers for determining tumor response following treatment with choline kinase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nada M S
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Saffar
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Troy
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez de Molina
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Basetti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Madhu
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Martin O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Workman
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lacal
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Judson
authors.forename: Yuen-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002073:Butanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D002797:Choline Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods; D010758:Phosphorus; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C507944:1,4-(4-4'-Bis-((4-(dimethylamine)pyridinium-1-yl) methyl)diphenyl)butane dibromide; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002073:Butanes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011522:Protons; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D010758:Phosphorus; D002797:Choline Kinase