title: [Hallucinogenic mushrooms].
abstract: The group of hallucinogenic mushrooms (species of the genera Conocybe, Gymnopilus, Panaeolus, Pluteus, Psilocybe, and Stropharia) is psilocybin-containing mushrooms. These "magic", psychoactive fungi have the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin. Toxicity of these mushrooms is substantial because of the popularity of hallucinogens. Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin are similar to lysergic acid diethylamide. These hallucinogens affect the central nervous system rapidly (within 0.5-1 hour after ingestion), producing ataxia, hyperkinesis, and hallucinations. In this review article there are discussed about history of use of hallucinogenic mushrooms and epidemiology; pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, somatic effects and pharmacokinetics of psilocybin, the clinical effects of psilocybin and psilocin, signs and symptoms of ingestion of hallucinogenic mushrooms, treatment and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Intensive Therapy, Kaunas University of Medicine,Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Dagmara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reingardiene
authors.forename: Jolita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilcinskaite
authors.forename: Robertas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazauskas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000363:Agaricales; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000266:history; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D009145:Mushroom Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D011562:Psilocybin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000506:poisoning / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D011562:Psilocybin