title: Chronic pain after ankle fracture: an arthroscopic assessment case series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to document findings of ankle arthroscopy in patients with residual complaints after an appropriately treated ankle fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had ankle arthroscopy at the Alpine Orthosports Clinic between 1998 and 2000 were identified by a retrospective review of the ankle arthroscopy database. Fifty patients were identified who had arthroscopy for complaints after ankle fracture. The mean duration from injury to arthroscopy was 20.5 +/- 33.5 months, with a range of 2 to 184.6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 37 isolated fractures and 13 combination fractures. The Danis-Weber classification was used for lateral malleolar fractures. There were five type A, 14 type B, and 11 type C lateral malleolar fractures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Synovitis was present in 46 ankles and was located anterolaterally in 36. Synovitis was noted in 26 of the 30 ankles that had a lateral malleolar fracture. Arthrofibrosis was found in 20 ankles, with anterolateral joint involvement in 16. There was chondral damage noted in 45 ankles, 30 located on the talus and 15 on the tibia. Spurs were found in 15 ankles, and nine had loose bodies or debris. There were two postoperative complications: one patient had bleeding from a portal and the other had an area of paresthesia at the anterolateral portal site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synovitis and chondral damage were more frequent than arthrofibrosis and spurs. Synovitis and arthrofibrosis were found most frequently in the anterolateral aspect of the joint. Also, the higher the lateral malleolar fracture was in relation to the syndesmosis, the higher was the occurrence of talar chondral damage.
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedics, Albury Base Hospital, Albury, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Bijoy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Slater
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D036982:Heel Spur / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013585:Synovitis / Q000175:diagnosis