Determination and quantification of urinary metabolites after dietary exposure to acrylamide.
It is known that heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods may contain high levels of acrylamide (AA) and up to 4000 microg kg-1 in potato crisps and 2000 microg kg-1 in French fries have been reported. In order to obtain more information on the human exposure to and metabolism of AA, a method for the determination of known urinary metabolites from the dietary exposure of AA using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with positive electrospray MS/MS detection was developed. The validated assay range was from 8.6 to 342.9 microg l-1. The urinary metabolites were synthesized and their structures determined by NMR and MS. To test the method, a pilot study was conducted in which all urine during 48 h starting with 24 h fasting was collected. The two urinary metabolites, N-acetyl-S-(3-amino-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)cysteine (MA-GA3) and N-acetyl-S-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)cysteine (MA-AA), were found to be above the detection limit. Fasting during 1 day caused about a 50% decrease in the total level of the metabolites, but after 1 day of a normal diet, the metabolite levels increased back to pre-fasting levels. The total amount of AA in the form of urinary metabolites excreted over the period was estimated to be about 40 microg AA day-1 for the average non-smoker.
Bjellaas
T
T
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Environmental Medicine, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
Janák
K
K
Lundanes
E
E
Kronberg
L
L
Becher
G
G
D020106:Acrylamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine*; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors
D020106:Acrylamide