title: Analysis of the invasion-metastasis mechanism in pancreatic cancer: involvement of plasmin(ogen) cascade proteins in the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: To clarify the potential involvement of plasmin(ogen) cascade proteins in the cell dissociation and subsequent invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro invasion assay were performed in the cell lines or tissue of pancreatic cancer. The strong expression of plasmin(ogen), urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor (uPAR), and apparently weak expression of the relevant proteins were found in the conditioned medium of dissociated (PC-1.0) and non-dissociated (PC-1) pancreatic cancer cells, respectively. Furthermore, uPA-treatment significantly induced the expression of plasmin(ogen) and uPAR in the conditioned medium of non-dissociated (PC-1) pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, the expression of plasmin(ogen) and uPAR was stronger at the invasive front than at the center of human pancreatic cancer tissue. On the other hand, plasmin-treatment induced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-7 and MMP-9 in PC-1 cells. Simultaneously, plasmin- or uPA-treatments obviously induced the dissociation of cell colonies and in vitro invasiveness in PC-1 cells. The plasmin(ogen) cascade is closely involved in the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and, especially in its early stage, cell dissociation. Targeting the plasmin(ogen) cascade may provide a new insight into molecular target therapy based on anti-invasion and anti-metastasis for pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan. tanxd@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egami
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D010958:Plasminogen; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9