title: Signs and symptoms in chronic heart failure: relevance of clinical trial results to point of care-data from Val-HeFT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical trials emphasize mortality and morbidity endpoints.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To bring relevance of trial results to point of care by examining the prognostic and therapeutic value of individual signs and symptoms (S&S).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed data from 5010 patients with stable chronic heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction who were participants in the Val-HeFT study. Individual S&S were stratified by severity. Treatment differences between valsartan and placebo were analysed by S&S strata at baseline and endpoint by logistical regression, and an overall S&S score by ANCOVA. Hazard ratios of S&S strata were calculated for mortality and heart failure hospitalisation. Prognostic contributions of S&S to other variables were determined by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At endpoint, there were significantly fewer valsartan and more placebo patients with severe symptoms. Over time, improvement in the S&S overall score was significantly more favourable for valsartan than placebo. S&S strata were significantly predictive of risk for hospitalisation and death. S&S were each independent and incremental predictors of mortality compared to other variables. Symptom strata separated out moderately symptomatic patients with a mortality rate which was intermediate between that for NYHA Class II and III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk stratification of individual S&S defined prognosis, identified patients with an intermediate mortality between Class II and III, and treatment benefits of valsartan over placebo.
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA. maylene617@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Maylene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Staszewsky
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carretta
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barlera
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: Yann-Tong
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Glazer
authors.forename: Jay N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cohn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment