title: Effect of apolipoprotein B polymorphism in kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In kidney transplant recipients, dyslipidemia is a cardiovascular risk factor that also contributes to the development and progression of chronic allograft nephropathy. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), present in low-density lipoproteins (LDL), is an important protein component of chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). The del allele of the ApoB signal peptide polymorphism has been associated with elevated levels of total and LDL cholesterol and greater risk of coronary disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the influence of ApoB polymorphism on allograft and patient survival among kidney transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we analyzed 516 renal transplant recipients (38% were women, 62% were men), aged 46 +/- 15 years, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months (mean, 1854 +/- 806 days). The ApoB signal peptide was analyzed (insertion/deletion) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genomic DNA. Clinical donor-recipient variables were assessed using a Cox multivariate model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polymorphism distribution was as follows: insertion/insertion (ins/ins) 51%, insertion/deletion (ins/del) 39%, and deletion/deletion (del/del) 9%, with no differences between the genders. Cholesterol levels at 12 months showed no differences between the ins/ins (217 +/- 46), ins/del (228 +/- 50), and del/del (227 +/- 54) groups. Presence of the ApoB signal peptide del/del or ins/del genotype was independently associated with lower patient survival in the group of men younger than 60 years (P < .05). Among the total deaths, cardiovascular causes predominated in the ins/del and del/del groups (50%) as compared with the ins/ins group (33%) (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ApoB genetic polymorphism (del allele) seems to have an adverse effect on the long-term survival of kidney transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplant Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain. fcofan@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cofan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cofan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Campistol
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals