Problems in psychotherapy with suicidal patients.
OBJECTIVE
The authors studied recurrent problems in psychotherapy with suicidal patients by examining the cases of patients who died by suicide while receiving open-ended psychotherapy and medication.


METHODS
Therapists for 36 patients who died by suicide while in treatment filled out clinical, medication, and psychological questionnaires and wrote detailed case narratives. They then presented their cases at an all-day workshop, and critical problems were identified in the cases.


RESULTS
Six recurrent problem areas were identified: poor communication with another therapist involved in the case, permitting patients or relatives to control the therapy, avoidance of issues related to sexuality, ineffective or coercive actions resulting from the therapist's anxieties about a patient's potential suicide, not recognizing the meaning of the patient's communications, and untreated or undertreated symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
These cases illuminate common problems therapists face in working with suicidal patients and highlight an unmet need for education of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals who work with this population.
Hendin
Herbert
H
American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, 120 Wall St., 22nd Floor, New York, NY 10005, USA. hhendin@afsp.org
Haas
Ann Pollinger
AP
Maltsberger
John T
JT
Koestner
Bethany
B
Szanto
Katalin
K
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002423:Cause of Death; D003068:Coercion; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D011361:Professional Competence; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019529:Sexuality / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017211:Treatment Failure