title: Adolescent sexual behavior and attitudes: a Costs and Benefits approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of past research conceptualized adolescent sexual attitudes as a single factor that included both Costs and Benefits of sexual behavior. The current study examined the independent influences of attitudes concerning the costs, such as embarrassment and pregnancy, and benefits, such as physical pleasure, of sexual intercourse on reports of actual engagement in sexual intercourse controlling for age, gender, religion, and cognitive ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study utilized data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Participants were 14,871 adolescents aged 15 and older who completed the Wave I In-Home Interview. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the relation between Costs and Benefits and the variables of age, gender, religion, and cognitive ability. Logistic regression was used to predict engagement in sexual intercourse at Wave I and Wave II from measures of costs, benefits, age, gender, religion, and cognitive ability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measure of Costs and Benefits demonstrated good psychometric properties. Both Costs and Benefits were significantly associated with concurrent and future sexual activity after controlling for demographic variables (age, religion, gender, cognitive ability). In addition, both Costs and Benefits also predicted sexual initiation between Waves I and II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study demonstrated the importance of both Costs and Benefits in predicting later sexual activity. Although attitudes concerning costs were slightly more influential in predicting sexual activity, our results suggest that interventions designed to delay sexual activity should include components of both Costs and Benefits.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois, Institute of Juvenile Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA. dpdeptula@eiu.edu
authors.forename: Daneen P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Deptula
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shoeny
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Slavick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence; D011594:Psychometrics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior