title: Role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in calcium homeostasis and human sperm motility regulation.
abstract: A number of cell functions, such as flagellar beating, swimming velocity, acrosome reaction, etc., are triggered by a Ca2+ influx across the cell membrane. For appropriate physiological functions, the motile human sperm maintains the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) at a submicromolar level. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in the maintenance of [Ca2+]i in human spermatozoa. Spermatozoa maintained in extracellular medium containing>or=1 microM Ca2+ exhibited motility similar to that of the control. In addition to several calcium transport mechanisms described earlier, we provide evidence that the NCX plays a crucial role in the maintenance of [Ca2+]i. Three chemically unrelated inhibitors of the NCX (bepridil, DCB (3',4'-dichlorobenzamil hydrochloride), and KB-R7943) all blocked human sperm motility in a dose and incubation time dependent manner. The IC50 values for bepridil, DCB, and KB-R7943 were 16.2, 9.8, and 5.3 microM, respectively. The treatment with the above-mentioned blockers resulted in an elevated [Ca2+]i and a decreased [Na+]i. The store-operated calcium channel (SOCC) inhibitor SKF 96365 also blocked the sperm motility (IC50=2.44 microM). The presence of the NCX antigen in the human spermatozoa was proven by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and immunoblotting techniques. Calcium homeostasis of human spermatozoa is maintained by several transport proteins among which the SOCC and the NCX may play a major role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. krasznai@jaguar.dote.hu
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Krasznai
authors.forename: Zoárd Tibor
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Krasznai
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morisawa
authors.forename: Zsuzsa Kassai
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Bazsáné
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hernádi
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fazekas
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trón
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Teréz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Márián
mesh_terms: D015764:Bepridil / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013890:Thiourea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C101670:2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; D019284:Thapsigargin; D015764:Bepridil; D013890:Thiourea; D002118:Calcium