title: Sex-dependent effect of melatonin on systemic erythematosus lupus developed in Mrl/Mpj-Faslpr mice: it ameliorates the disease course in females, whereas it exacerbates it in males.
abstract: In this study, the effect of chronic administration of melatonin on MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice has been studied. These mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease that has many features resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus. In fact, histological studies showed that all female mice and most male mice exhibited glomerular abnormalities, arteritic lesions, and cellular interstitial inflammatory infiltrate ranging from mild to severe patterns. Treatment with melatonin improved the histological pattern in females and worsened it in males. Moreover, female mice treated with melatonin showed a diminution of titers of total serum IgG, IgM, and anti-double-stranded DNA and anti-CII autoantibodies; a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta), an increase in antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-10), and a decrease in nitrite/nitrate. In male mice, treatment with melatonin exhibited the opposite effect, worsening all the immunological parameters with an elevation of titers of autoantibodies and a prevalence of proinflammatory vs. antiinflammatory cytokines. Similar results were obtained when lymphocytes from spleen and lymph nodes were cultured. Again, melatonin treatment in females decreased proinflammatory cytokines and increased antiinflammatory cytokines produced by lymphocytes; in males, the effect was the opposite. These findings suggest that melatonin action in MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice is gender dependent, probably through modulation and inhibition of sex hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville School of Medicine, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Caliani
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Jorge
authors.forename: Patrocinio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molinero
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Santos
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martin-Lacave
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osuna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D019463:Mice, Inbred MRL lpr; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D008550:Melatonin