title: Functional polymorphisms of UCP2 and UCP3 are associated with a reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the association between polymorphisms in the UCP genes and diabetes complications in patients with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 227 patients with type 1 diabetes using PCR and subsequent cleavage by restriction endonucleases for the promoter variants A-3826G in the UCP1 gene, G-866A in the UCP2 gene, and C-55T in the UCP3 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No effect of the A-3826G polymorphism in the UCP1 gene on diabetes complications was found. Patients who were heterozygous or homozygous for the G-866A polymorphism in the UCP2 gene or the C-55T polymorphism in the UCP3 gene had a significantly reduced prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (UCP2: odds ratio 0.44 [95% CI 0.24-0.79], P = 0.007; UCP3: 0.48 [0.25-0.92], P = 0.031), whereas there was no association with other diabetes complications. This effect was stronger when G-866A and C-55T occurred in a cosegregatory manner (UCP2 and UCP3: 0.28 [0.12-0.65], P = 0.002). Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression model showed an age- and diabetes duration-independent effect of the cosegregated polymorphisms on the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (P = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that both the G-866A polymorphism in the UCP2 gene and the C-55T polymorphism in the UCP3 gene are associated with a reduced risk of diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes. Thus, the results presented here support the hypothesis that higher expression of uncoupling protein might prevent mitochondria-mediated neuronal injury and, ultimately, diabetic neuropathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudofsky
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schroedter
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schlotterer
authors.forename: Olga E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Voron'ko
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlimme
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tafel
authors.forename: Berend H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Isermann
authors.forename: Per M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Humpert
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morcos
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bierhaus
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604392:UCP3 protein, human; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3