title: Curing of pit & fissure sealants using Light Emitting Diode curing units.
abstract: Light Emitting Diode (LED) curing units are attractive to clinicians, because most are cordless and should create less heat within tooth structure. However, questions about polymerization efficacy have surrounded this technology. This research evaluated the adequacy of the depth of cure of pit & fissure sealants provided by LED curing units. Optilux (OP) and Elipar Highlight (HL) high intensity halogen and Astralis 5 (A5) conventional halogen lights were used for comparison. The Light Emitting Diode (LED) curing units were Allegro (AL), LE Demetron I (DM), FreeLight (FL), UltraLume 2(UL), UltraLume 5 (UL5) and VersaLux (VX). Sealants used in the study were UltraSeal XT plus Clear (Uclr), Opaque (Uopq) and Teethmate F-1 Natural (Kclr) and Opaque (Kopq). Specimens were fabricated in a brass mold (2 mm thick x 6 mm diameter) and placed between two glass slides (n=5). Each specimen was cured from the top surface only. One hour after curing, four Knoop Hardness readings were made for each top and bottom surface at least 1 mm from the edge. The bottom to top (B/T) KHN ratio was calculated. Groups were fabricated with 20 and 40-second exposure times. In addition, a group using a 1 mm-thick mold was fabricated using an exposure time of 20 seconds. Differences between lights for each material at each testing condition were determined using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls Post-hoc test (alpha=0.05). There was no statistical difference between light curing units for Uclr cured in a 1-mm thickness for 20 seconds or cured in a 2 mm-thickness for 40 seconds. All other materials and conditions showed differences between light curing units. Both opaque materials showed significant variations in B/T KHN ratios dependent upon the light-curing unit.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Biomaterials, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA. jplatt2@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008422:Materials Testing; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011108:Polymers