title: Hormone replacement therapy and mortality in 52- to 70-year-old women: the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze prospectively the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and mortality in women before old age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 11,667 women (91% of the age cohort of the area) aged 52-62 years from the population-based Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study were followed for 7 years in 1994-2001. Information about HRT use and health events was obtained from two repeated questionnaires in 1989 and 1994. Information about deaths and causes of death from the follow-up period was obtained from the Statistics Finland. Cox's proportional-hazards models were used to calculate risk of death related to the use of HRT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the start of follow-up, 2203 women had used HRT > 5 years, 3945 women < or = 5 years and 5519 women had never used it. During the follow-up, 361 deaths occurred. Compared with non-users of HRT, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of death from any cause was 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-1.36) in women who used HRT < or = 5 years and 1.06 (95% CI 0.78-1.46) in women who used HRT > 5 years. The adjusted HR for coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in women who used HRT < or = 5 years was 0.79 (95% CI 0.36-1.73), and in women who used HRT > 5 years, 2.16 (95% CI 0.93-4.98). For breast cancer mortality the adjusted HR for < or = 5 years of HRT use was 0.96 (95% CI 0.32-2.82) and 2.62 (95% CI 0.98-7.00) for > 5 years of HRT use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  History of HRT use does not affect overall or CHD mortality in women. More than 5 years of HRT use may increase the risk of breast cancer mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. kati.pentti@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Honkanen
authors.forename: Marjo T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tuppurainen
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandini
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kröger
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saarikoski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone