title: The Medical College of Georgia Fitkid project: the relations between program attendance and changes in outcomes in year 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relations of attendance of children in an after-school physical activity (PA) program to changes in body composition and cardiovascular fitness (CVF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-month after-school PA-based intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 278 third-grade boys and girls from nine elementary schools (age, 8.7 y (s.d. = 0.6 y), body mass index (BMI) 19.1 kg/m2 (s.d. = 4.4) and percent body fat (%BF) 26.0 (s.d. = 9.0)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Body composition (from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), BMI (from height and weight), waist circumference (WC) and CVF (from the YMCA submaximal bench-stepping test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant negative linear trend between level of attendance in the after-school program and change in %BF and fat mass; there was also a significant positive linear trend between program attendance and change in CVF. There was a marginally significant linear trend between program attendance and fat-free mass. Greater increases in bone mineral density were observed with higher program attendance. Changes in BMI and WC were not influenced by program attendance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the dose-response effect of PA on health outcomes, particularly body composition, in children is crucial in our effort to prevent overweight and its health consequences. Since there is limited data available to base PA dose recommendations for youths, findings from this study are relevant, and suggest that greater health benefits can be obtained in young children with more frequent participation in PA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. zenong.yin@utsa.edu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbeau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavnar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornburg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutin
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D015519:Bone Density; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors