title: Oxidation of resin and fatty acids by ozone: kinetics and toxicity study.
abstract: The ozonation of resin and fatty acids (RFAs) found in pulp mill effluents was investigated using rapid-scan stopped-flow spectrophotometry. RFAs oxidation (i.e., degradation) efficiency increased with increasing the amount of used ozone and temperature. The degradation process with respect to the acid was found to follow first-order kinetics. The ozonation of RFAs was modeled as an overall second-order reaction for both reactants. The apparent overall second-order rate constants were calculated based on the pseudo first-order rate constants obtained from the kinetic data fitting for the acid degradation. The apparent overall second-order rate constant was affected by pH and temperature. At 20 degrees C and when pH increased from 8 to 11, the apparent overall second-order rate constant increased almost by a factor of 5 (from 3.9 x10(3) to 1.8 x10(4)M(-1)s(-1)) for 9 mgL(-1) resin acid and a factor of 4 (from 9.6 x10(3) to 3.9 x10(4)M(-1)s(-1)) for 8 mgL(-1) fatty acid. At pH 8 and as temperature increased from 10 to 20 degrees C, the apparent overall second-order rate constant increased almost by a factor of 5 (from 8.2 x10(2) to 3.9 x10(3)M(-1)s(-1)) for 9 mgL(-1) resin acid and a factor of 3 (from 3.5 x10(3) to 9.6 x10(3)M(-1)s(-1)) for 8 mgL(-1) fatty acid. Microtox bioassay tests were completed to evaluate the toxicity of RFAs samples before and after ozonation. For the resin acid, there was an increase in toxicity as a result of ozonation. Meanwhile, toxicity of fatty acid samples decreased as a result of ozonation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2W2. mgamalel-din@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gamal El-Din
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Fares
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al Momani
authors.forename: Weixing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007700:Kinetics; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D010209:Paper; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000502:physiology; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D012116:Resins, Plant; D010126:Ozone