title: Reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire among Vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to assess the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among individuals living in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 116 food items in our FFQ were selected by ranking food items according to their contribution to the population intake of nutrients, based on multiple 24-hour recalls (24HRs) from 144 participants in July 2001. The FFQ was validated by using three 24HRs for 118 men and women in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam in August 2002. The reproducibility of the FFQ was assessed by repeated administration at 7 +/- 3.4 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reproducibility study showed that Spearman correlation coefficients, adjusted for energy intake, ranged from 0.47 to 0.72, and that weighted kappa values ranged from 0.42 for lipid to 0.65 for potassium. In the validation study, correlation coefficients, adjusted for energy intake, between the FFQ and the 24HRs ranged from 0.16 (calcium) to 0.45 (retinol). The proportion of subjects classified by the FFQ into the same third as determined by the 24HRs was between 42% and 62%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This food frequency questionnaire measured the usual intake of major nutrients for Vietnamese adults living in Ho Chi Minh City and its urban area, where dietary patterns are similar to those of the Vietnamese population.
authors.affiliation: International Public Health Nutrition, Graduate School of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: Duc Son Nguyen Trung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Tran Thi Minh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hanh
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Kim
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshiike
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014744:Vietnam