title: Relationship of periodontal bacteria and Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA variations with phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (GO) and the harboring of periodontal bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal conditions and subgingival bacterial profiles were examined in 450 sites of 75 subjects. A polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect six bacterial species; Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and Prevotella nigrescens (Pn). Genetic variations of the Pg fimA gene were also examined. Bacterial occurrence was compared with the severity of GO, and alterations in the bacterial occurrence rate and quantities were monitored following periodontal treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrences of Aa, Td, Pi, Pn, and Pg with type II fimA (type II Pg) were significantly associated with the severity of GO. Td occurrence was reduced in association with gingival improvement following ultrasonic scaling, however, no such relationship was observed with Aa, Pi, Pn, and Pg. In addition, Pg and Pi markedly persisted after treatment. Clinical improvement of the sites, following an Er:YAG laser treatment, significantly associated with quantitative reduction of Pg in improved sites, however, not that of Pi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type II Pg and Td were each found to have a significant relationship with the development and deterioration of GO.
authors.affiliation: Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan. akiyamas@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morisaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002648:Child; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018720:Prevotella / Q000472:pathogenicity; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; C063055:fimbrillin; D036781:Fimbriae Proteins; D010672:Phenytoin