title: Multi-detector row CT coronary angiography: influence of reconstruction technique and heart rate on image quality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate to what extent image quality in 16-detector row computed tomographic (CT) coronary angiography is a function of the heart rate and the image reconstruction technique used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 70 patients (49 men, 21 women; mean age, 59.1 years +/- 5.8 [standard deviation]) consecutively underwent multi-detector row CT coronary angiography; 49 patients additionally underwent coronary angiography. Image reconstruction was based on both relative and absolute timing. A total of 20 equidistant relative and absolute image reconstructed intervals were assessed by applying a four-step grading scale. Cluster and discrimination analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and Wilcoxon and chi2 tests were used for statistical analysis. Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Though significantly (P < .001) better image quality was observed for image reconstruction based on absolute timing and in patients with lower heart rates, influence on diagnostic accuracy was not significant. Irrespective of the reconstruction technique used, best image quality was observed in patients with a low heart rate for middiastolic reconstruction intervals (starting points: 61% of R-R interval [range, 40%-75%] and 599.3 msec after R [range, 450-840 msec]) and in patients with a high heart rate for end-systolic or early-diastolic intervals (starting points: 27.3% of R-R interval [range, 10%-45%] and 202.3 msec after R [range, 82-336 msec]). With regard to the vessel section and reconstruction technique, cutoff heart rates of the intervals were 64.0-68.5 beats per minute. Patients with stenoses of more than 50% were identified with 86% sensitivity and specificity, and there was no significant difference between relative and absolute timing (P = .99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In multi-detector row CT coronary angiography, image quality depends on the choice of a suited reconstruction interval. In patients with high heart rates, the best image quality can be obtained with end-systolic and early-diastolic intervals; in patients with low heart rates, the best results are achieved with middiastolic intervals.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany. C.Herzog@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Maric
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arning-Erb
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zangos
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hammerstingl
authors.forename: Selami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Hanns
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed