title: Does rTMS hasten the response to escitalopram, sertraline, or venlafaxine in patients with major depressive disorder? A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been mainly studied as adjunctive treatment for drug-resistant patients. We assessed the effectiveness of rTMS started concomitantly with antidepressant medications in non-drug-resistant major depressive disorder patients. We also evaluated if, among the 3 antidepressants administered, one had a better synergy with rTMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this 5-week, double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study, we recruited 99 inpatients suffering from a major depressive episode (DSM-IV criteria). They were randomly assigned to receive venlafaxine, sertraline, or escitalopram in combination with a 2-week period of sham or active 15-Hz rTMS on the left dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. Data were gathered from February 2004 to June 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The active rTMS group showed a significantly faster reduction in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores compared with the sham group (p = .0029). The response and remission rates were significantly greater in the active rTMS group after the stimulation period (p = .002 and p = .003, respectively), but not at the endpoint. We found no significant difference in HAM-D score reduction among the 3 drugs administered, either in the active or in the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the efficacy of rTMS in hastening the response to antidepressant drugs in patients with major depressive disorder. The effect of rTMS seems to be unaffected by the specific concomitantly administered drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Stamina d'Ancona 20, 20127 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: Adelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucca
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giordani
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smeraldi
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D010919:Placebos; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride