title: Current situation in the development of a preventive HIV vaccine.
abstract: The uncontrolled progression of the AIDS epidemic has made the development of an efficacious human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine a major objective of scientific research. No effective preventive vaccine against HIV is currently available and sterilizing immunity has not yet been achieved in animal models. This review analyses the major challenges in developing an AIDS vaccine, in particular the mechanisms involved in viral escape from the immune response, and summarizes the results obtained with the different prototypes of therapeutic and preventive vaccines. Finally, social, economic and healthcare aspects of research into HIV vaccines and current controversies regarding the development of clinical trials are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Inmunopatología del Sida, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, España. ppalcami@isciii.es
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcamí
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joseph Munné
authors.forename: María Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteban
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000191:economics / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006040:Goals; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D008251:Macaca; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014775:Virus Activation; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D016056:Immunodominant Epitopes; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic