title: Incidence and risk factors of development of lung tumors after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung tumors have been related to tobacco and alcohol. The incidence increases after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) especially when it is performed because of alcoholic cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the incidence and risk factors for de novo lung tumors among 701 patients who underwent OLT between April 1986 and July 2004, after exclusion of pediatric recipients and adults who died within 2 months after OLT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of de novo lung tumors was 15 patients (2.1%), including 12 (4.3%) who underwent OLT for alcoholic cirrhosis and 3 (0.7%) for nonalcoholic diseases. There were 14 men and 1 woman of mean age at OLT of 50.8 +/- 9.6 years. Mean time from OLT to lung tumor was 83 +/- 43 months (range, 10-184 months). Thirteen patients (86.6%) were heavy smokers before OLT and 8 (61.5%) continued after OLT; 12 patients (80%) were heavy drinkers before OLT. Ten patients were immunosuppressed with CyA and 5 with tacrolimus. Acute rejection episodes before tumor diagnosis occurred in 6 patients (40%). Two patients underwent thoracotomy, but only one was resected. The remaining 13 patients were unresectable because of locally advanced tumor or metastatic disease. Two unresectable patients received palliative chemotherapy. All patients died with a mean survival from tumor diagnosis, of 5.3 months (range, 3 days to 33 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significantly higher incidence of lung tumors was observed among patients who underwent OLT for alcoholic cirrhosis, usually diagnosed in advanced stages of poor prognosis and low survival.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Doce de Octubre, Servicio de Cirugía General, Aparato Digestivo, Trasplante de Organos Abdominales, Madrid, Spain. carlos.jimenez@inforboe.es
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marqués
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manrique
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loinaz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meneu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abradelo
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology