title: Selective loss of fine tuning of Gq/11 signaling by RGS2 protein exacerbates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
abstract: Alterations in cardiac G protein-mediated signaling, most prominently G(q/11) signaling, are centrally involved in hypertrophy and heart failure development. Several RGS proteins that can act as negative regulators of G protein signaling are expressed in the heart, but their functional roles are still poorly understood. RGS expression changes have been described in hypertrophic and failing hearts. In this study, we report a marked decrease in RGS2 (but not other major cardiac RGS proteins (RGS3-RGS5)) that occurs prior to hypertrophy development in different models with enhanced G(q/11) signaling (transgenic expression of activated Galpha(q)(*) and pressure overload due to aortic constriction). To assess functional consequences of selective down-regulation of endogenous RGS2, we identified targeting sequences for effective RGS2 RNA interference and used lipid-based transfection to achieve uptake of fluorescently labeled RGS2 small interfering RNA in >90% of neonatal and adult ventricular myocytes. Endogenous RGS2 expression was dose-dependently suppressed (up to 90%) with no major change in RGS3-RGS5. RGS2 knockdown increased phenylephrine- and endothelin-1-induced phospholipase Cbeta stimulation in both cell types and exacerbated the hypertrophic effect (increase in cell size and radiolabeled protein) in neonatal myocytes, with no major change in G(q/11)-mediated ERK1/2, p38, or JNK activation. Taken together, this study demonstrates that endogenous RGS2 exerts functionally important inhibitory restraint on G(q/11)-mediated phospholipase Cbeta activation and hypertrophy in ventricular myocytes. Our findings point toward a potential pathophysiological role of loss of fine tuning due to selective RGS2 down-regulation in G(q/11)-mediated remodeling. Furthermore, this study shows the feasibility of effective RNA interference in cardiomyocytes using lipid-based small interfering RNA transfection.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anger
authors.forename: Jialin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gach
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ronglih
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mende
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D020710:RGS Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C105345:Rgs2 protein, mouse; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D054799:Phospholipase C beta; D043802:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11