title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children with chronic hemolytic anemia. Is the outcome related to the timing of the procedure?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the outcome in children with chronic hemolytic anemia (CHA) and cholelithiasis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is related to the operation timing.
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 1995 to December 2004, 46 children with CHA were referred to our division of surgery for cholelithiasis. All 46 children were asymptomatic at the time of the first visit, and an elective LC was proposed to all of them before the onset of symptoms. The operation was accepted in the period of study by 24 children and refused by 22. The patients were divided into three groups (group A, asymptomatic; group B, symptomatic; and group C, emergency admitted) depending on clinical presentation and operation timing, and the respective outcomes were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elective LC in asymptomatic children (group A) is safe with no major complications reported. In children who refused surgery (groups B and C), we observed four sickle cell crises, four acute cholecystitis, and two choledocholithiasis, and all these complications were related to waiting. Two sickle cell crises occurred in symptomatic children waiting for surgery during biliary colic. The risk of emergency admission in children with cholelithiasis and CHA awaiting surgery was found to be high: 28% of the children admitted in emergency after a mean of 32 months (range, 22-36). Morbidity rate and postoperative stay increased when children with hemoglobinopathies underwent emergency LC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elective LC should be the gold standard in children with CHA and asymptomatic cholelithiasis in order to prevent the potential complications of cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis, which lead to major risks, discomfort, and longer hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Via Nina da Messina, 2, 98121, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Currò
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iapichino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palmeri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000150:complications*; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal