title: Incidence and risk factors for medical complications after carotid artery stenting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is being evaluated as an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis; however, to date little is known about the incidence of medical complications after CAS. The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of, and to identify potential clinical risk factors for, the development of medical complications after CAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical complications that occurred < or = 30 days after CAS in 327 consecutive patients (241 men, 86 women; mean age, 69 +/- 9 years; range, 45 to 90 years) treated for symptomatic (n = 182, 56%) or asymptomatic (n = 145, 44%) carotid artery stenosis were recorded. The effect of clinical characteristics on the subsequent development of medical complications was analyzed by logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients (15%) had 62 medical complications: 3 (0.9%) myocardial infarctions, 3 (0.9%) cardiac arrhythmias, 4 (1.2%) episodes of angina pectoris, 3 (0.9%) episodes of symptomatic hypertension, 16 (4.9%) episodes of symptomatic hypotension, 10 (3.1%) chest infections, 9 (2.7%) had periods of confusion, 5 (1.5%) had urinary retention, and 9 (2.7%) urinary tract infections. One chest infection was fatal and 16 complications prolonged the intensive care unit monitoring period > 24 hours. Advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.14) and a symptomatic carotid stenosis (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.07 to 4.1) independently predicted the occurrence of medical complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although life-threatening or fatal non-neurologic events were uncommon in this series, the overall incidence of medical complications after CAS might be higher than currently anticipated. Older and symptomatic patients are at the highest risk, and these subgroups should be monitored closely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gröschel
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ernemann
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riecker
authors.forename: Friederike
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terborg
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kastrup
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*