title: Ultrasound guidance in intracranial tumor resection: correlation with postoperative magnetic resonance findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the inter-method agreement between intraoperative ultrasonography and postoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting tumor residue.
  
  
  METHODS
  After resection was completed, the cavity borders of 32 tumors were examined with a 7 MHz intraoperative probe. Any echogenic region >5 mm in thickness extending from the surgical cavity into the brain substance was taken as the sonographic criterion for residual tumor. A continuous echogenic rim< 5 mm was considered normal. Results were correlated with gadolinium-enhanced MRI obtained within 48 h after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa value for inter-method agreement was 0.72. There were four cases in whom MRI showed residue despite a negative sonography: extensive edema or Surgicel along the cavity borders (three cases with glioblastoma multiforme) and the cystic component in the vicinity of cerebrospinal fluid (a case with pituitary macroadenoma) may be the reason for the residue going undetected. In a case with glioblastoma multiforme, residual enhancement was < 5 mm in thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraoperative ultrasound is an effective tool for maximizing the extent of intracranial tumor resection. Surgical use has to be minimized if intraoperative ultrasound is to be used as an adjunct to surgery. Tumors with preoperatively detected cystic components in the proximity of CSF-containing spaces have to be carefully evaluated with intraoperative ultrasound if residual cystic components are to be detected. A low-thickness echogenic rim should not be considered a reliable sign of the absence of residue.
authors.affiliation: Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Kayseri, Turkey. nerdogan@erciyes.edu.tr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tucer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mavili
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menkü
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtsoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium