Pneumonia models and innate immunity to respiratory bacterial pathogens.
Preclinical sepsis models have been used for decades to study the pathophysiologic processes during sepsis and shock. Although these studies revealed promising immunomodulating agents for the treatment of sepsis, clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of these new agents in patients with sepsis were disappointing. The main reason for this unsatisfactory experience might be that unlike the clinical situation, most of these preclinical models are devoid of a localized infectious source from which the infection disseminates. Studies on the effects of several immunomodulating strategies have demonstrated strikingly opposite results when sepsis models with a more natural route of infection, such as pneumonia, were used. In this review, we will give insights into pneumonia models and discuss results and differences in the innate immune responses during distinct pulmonary infection models.
Knapp
Sylvia
S
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Department of Intensive Care, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. sylvia.knapp@meduniwien.ac.at
Schultz
Marcus J
MJ
van der Poll
Tom
T
D000818:Animals; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
D007155:Immunologic Factors