title: Prize-based contingency management does not increase gambling.
abstract: A contingency management (CM) intervention that provides drug-abstinent patients a chance to win prizes of varying magnitudes is efficacious in retaining patients in treatment and reducing drug use. However, this intervention has been criticized as possibly increasing gambling because it contains an element of chance. Gambling behaviors before, during and 3 months after participation in a multi-site study of CM were compared for stimulant users randomly assigned to 12 weeks of standard care with (N=407) or without (N=396) prize-based CM. Among study participants enrolled in outpatient non-methadone drug abuse treatment (N=415), 26% reported gambling during the observation period, and this rate was 37% among participants (N=388) enrolled in methadone maintenance programs. No differences in gambling over time were noted between those assigned to the prize CM versus standard care conditions, indicating that this prize CM procedure does not adversely impact gambling behavior among stimulant abusers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-3944, USA. petry@psychiatry.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Petry
authors.forename: Ken B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kolodner
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peirce
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roll
authors.forename: Maxine L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stitzer
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D014040:Token Economy; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009294:Narcotics; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008691:Methadone