title: Microsatellite instability and mismatch repair target gene mutations in cell lines and xenografts of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) occur in prostate cancer, but their role has not been well documented.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 6 cell lines and 22 xenografts from prostate cancer, PCR and gel electrophoresis were performed to detect MSI by analyzing microsatellite markers BAT-25 and BAT-26 and to detect frameshift mutations in mononucleotide repeats in BAX, IGF2R, MSH3, MSH6, and TGFBR2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four of 6 (67%) cell lines and 3 of 22 (14%) xenografts showed MSI. At least 1 frameshift mutation was detected in the same 4 (67%) cell lines and in 5 of 22 (23%) xenografts. While MSH3 was frequently mutated in cell lines, BAX and TGFBR2 showed frequent alterations in both cell lines and xenografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSI related to MMR deficiency is relatively frequent in high-grade tumors, and mutations in MSI target genes involved in cell death and proliferation appeared to be selected for during prostatic carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ceshi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vessella
authors.forename: Jin-Tang
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II