title: Diagnostic architectural and dynamic features at breast MR imaging: multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively determine the prevalence and predictive value of three-dimensional (3D) and dynamic breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and contrast material kinetic features alone and as part of predictive diagnostic models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board or ethics committees of all participating institutions, and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Although study data collection was performed before HIPAA went into effect, standards that would be compliant with HIPAA were adhered to. Data from the International Breast MR Consortium trial 6883 were used in the analysis. Women underwent 3D (minimum spatial resolution, 0.7 x 1.4 x 3 mm; minimal temporal resolution, 4 minutes) and dynamic two-dimensional (temporal resolution, 15 seconds) MR imaging examinations. Readers rated enhancement shape, enhancement distribution, border architecture, enhancement intensity, presence of rim enhancement or internal septations, and the shape of the contrast material kinetic curve. Regression was performed for each feature individually and after adjustment for associated mammographic findings. Multivariate models were also constructed from multiple architectural and dynamic features. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az values) were estimated for all models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 995 lesions in 854 women (mean age, 53 years +/- 12 [standard deviation]; range, 18-80 years) for whom pathology data were available. The absence of enhancement was associated with an 88% negative predictive value for cancer. Qualitative characterization of the dynamic enhancement pattern was associated with an Az value of 0.66 across all lesion architectures. Focal mass margins (Az = 0.76) and signal intensity (Az = 0.70) were highly predictive imaging features. Multivariate models were constructed with an Az value of 0.880.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Architectural and dynamic features are important in breast MR imaging interpretation. Multivariate models involving feature assessment have a diagnostic accuracy superior to that of qualitative characterization of the dynamic enhancement pattern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Mitchell.Schnall@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Mitchell D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Schnall
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.forename: Gia A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: DeAngelis
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: DeBruhl
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: Sylvia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Heywang-Köbrunner
authors.forename: Nola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hylton
authors.forename: Christiane K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kuhl
authors.forename: Etta D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: Petrina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Causer
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schnitt
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thickman
authors.forename: Carol B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Stelling
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Weatherall
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Constantine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gatsonis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media