title: COX-2 induction by heparanase in the progression of breast cancer.
abstract: Breast cancer confined within the lactiferous duct or lobule, without invading the stroma, is called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), whereas breast cancer that has invaded the stroma through the basal membrane is called invasive cancer. Heparanase, an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase that specifically degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays an important role when breast cancer cells breach the basal membrane. Recently, we have reported that heparanase is involved in angiogenesis through direct induction of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2). COX-2 induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and is thus involved in neovascularization. The present study was undertaken to analyze surgically resected breast cancer specimens for heparanase and COX-2 expression, using specimens from 59 patients with invasive cancer and 85 patients with DCIS (including 41 cases of DCIS adjacent to invasive cancer). This study yielded the following results: a) the distribution of heparanase within tumor tissue was identical to that of COX-2; b) heparanase expression was more frequent in invasive cancer than in non-invasive cancer; c) a close positive correlation was noted between heparanase and COX-2 expression (this correlation was particularly strong in cases of invasive cancer); and d) COX-2 expression was always seen in cases positive for heparanase expression. Our results indicate that heparanase expression increases during the progression of breast cancer into invasive cancer, and that this change is accompanied by increased COX-2 expression. They also suggest that heparanase may play a novel role for COX-2 mediated tumor angiogenesis in breast-cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nobuhisa
authors.forename: Takaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umeoka
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Motowo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naomoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D000099175:Heparanase
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000099175:Heparanase