title: Butyrate specifically down-regulates salmonella pathogenicity island 1 gene expression.
abstract: Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella enterica is decreased after exposure to butyric acid. To understand the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium grown in medium supplemented with butyrate was performed. We found that butyrate down-regulated the expression of 19 genes common to both serovars by a factor of twofold or more, and 17 of these genes localized to the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). These included the SPI1 regulatory genes hilD and invF. Of the remaining two genes, ampH has 91% homology to an Escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein and sopE2 encodes a type III-secreted effector protein associated with invasion but located at a separate site on the chromosome from SPI1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Research Group Veterinary Public Health and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. inne.gantois@UGent.be
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gantois
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ducatelle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasmans
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haesebrouck
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hautefort
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Immerseel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002087:Butyrates; D003470:Culture Media; C419942:Spi1 protein, Salmonella