title: Feasibility study of preparation and certification of reference materials for nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in diffusive samplers.
abstract: This paper presents the results of a feasability study for the preparation and certification of reference materials (RMs) for nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) in diffusive samplers. RMs for NO(2) were prepared by exposure to gas mixtures in a chamber while the RMs for SO(2) were prepared by liquid spiking. Certification of RMs for NO(2) was found feasible with a certified uncertainty of 5.8% and a proposed shelf life of 5 years. The uncertainty was calculated with contribution from the homogeneity of preparation, stability and transport of the CRMs and from an external verification of the certified value. To reach 5.8% of uncertainty, the contribution of the differences between the results of analysis by ion chromatography and colorimetry must be eliminated. It is proposed to solve this by pre-extracting the samplers with water before analysis. The results of this study indicate that the samplers are stable for at least two years before and after exposure when stored in a refrigerator. By contrast, the certification of RMs for SO(2) was found to not be feasible due to instability problems. This instability was attributed to reaction of sulfate on the walls of the samplers. Alternatively, the preparation of RMs by simultaneous exposure to SO(2) and NO(2) has been tested. Satisfying homogeneities has been reached both for NO(2) and SO(2).
authors.affiliation: European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Emissions and Health Unit, 21020, Ispra, Italy. michel.gerboles@jrc.it
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerboles
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buzica
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amantini
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lagler
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hafkenscheid
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002568:Certification; D004058:Diffusion; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000592:standards*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide