title: Visceral pain and life quality in persons with spinal cord Injury: a brief report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined the prevalence of visceral pain in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), and virtually no studies have looked at the relationship between visceral pain and self-reported quality of life. We examined the frequency of reported visceral pain at 5, 10, and 15 years after injury to determine whether the presence of visceral pain is related to quality of life, and to determine to what extent visceral pain should be of concern to clinicians treating patients with SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visceral pain and quality of life in persons with SCI were compared from a combined Craig Hospital and National Model SCI Systems database at 5 (N = 33), 10 (N = 132), and 15 (N = 96) years after injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of visceral pain increased at each measurement (10% at year 5, 22% at year 10, and 32% at year 15); although these numbers reflect cross-sectional data, they do show a clear statistical change. Only a limited true longitudinal sample was available, but at 10 years after injury, individuals who had reported visceral pain at any time reported a significantly lower quality of life than those never experiencing visceral pain, F1,188 = 3.95, P < 0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although visceral pain may not be as prevalent as the more researched neuropathic and musculoskeletal subtypes of pain, it may account for a higher percentage of people with SCI who report pain than previously recognized. More quantitative and longitudinal research is needed to examine the relationship of visceral pain with overall quality of life and to pursue interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233-7330, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kogos
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baños
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: Susan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Charlifue
authors.forename: Gale G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Whiteneck
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lammertse
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors