title: Maternal hypertension as a risk factor for low birth weight infants: comparison of Haitian and African-American women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rate of low birth weight (LBW) of Black women is more than twice that of White women. This study explores if the rate of LBW differs between Haitian and African-American women with chronic hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of all Black women self-identified as African-American (n = 12,258) or Haitian (n = 4320) delivering a singleton infant in Massachusetts between 1996 and 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haitian women were more likely than African-American women to have chronic hypertension (2.7% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.006), but had similar rates of preeclampsia (3.1% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.27). The LBW rate was 10% among African-American women and 8.2% among Haitian women. After adjustment for sociodemographic, medical, and prenatal care characteristics, the greatest risks for delivering a LBW infant for Haitian women were chronic hypertension (OR = 6.8; 95% CI, 4.3, 10.6) and preeclampsia (OR = 3.2; 95% CI, 2.0, 5.1). For African-American women, the greatest risks for LBW infants were a history of delivering a LBW infant (OR = 3.9; 95% CI, 2.8, 5.4) and chronic hypertension (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 2.1, 4.0). In a combined logistic regression model including interaction terms, chronic hypertension and preeclampsia continued to be associated with the greatest risk of LBW among all women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in maternal risk factors and rates of LBW (8.2% vs. 10%) exist between Haitian and African-American women delivering infants in Massachusetts. While chronic hypertension and preeclampsia are strong risk factors for LBW for both Haitian and African-American women, unknown factors make these disorders much more potent for Haitian women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center/Boston University School of Medicine, Boston,, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Christine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Odell
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotelchuck
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Chetty
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Phillip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Stubblefield
authors.forename: Malena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orejuela
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Jack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000145:classification / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006205:Haiti / Q000208:ethnology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors