title: Effect of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in combination with verteporfin PDT on normal primate retina and choroid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of intravitreal injection of a monoclonal antibody fragment (ranibizumab, also known as rhuFab V2 and Lucentis; Genentech, S. San Francisco, CA) directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in combination with verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) on normal primate retina and choroid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight cynomolgus monkeys were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab in one eye and placebo in the other, alternating with verteporfin PDT in both eyes on a weekly basis for 6 to 7 weeks. Treatment effects were evaluated by color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and light and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the course of the study, increasing retinal pigment epithelial changes, with corresponding window defects, developed in both eyes of all animals on fluorescein angiography over the course of the study. No complications attributable to the intravitreal injection of ranibizumab were observed. Histologic analysis revealed a similar reduction in choriocapillaris density in the irradiated area of eyes treated with PDT alone compared with those that received combination treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this limited study of normal monkey eyes, no severe adverse effects from the combination of intravitreal ranibizumab and verteporfin PDT were demonstrated compared with PDT alone.
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis and Laser Laboratory, Retina Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ivana_kim@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ivana K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Deeba
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Khayyam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durrani
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafezi-Moghadam
authors.forename: Evangelos S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gragoudas
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Joan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D002829:Choroid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D007267:Injections; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D010781:Photography; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000077362:Verteporfin; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; D000077362:Verteporfin; D000069579:Ranibizumab