title: Local granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor improves incisional wound healing in adriamycin-treated rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neoadjuvant treatment is often given for locally advanced malignancies; however, clinical and experimental studies have shown that some chemotherapeutic agents impair wound healing. It has been reported that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) applied locally improves dermal wound healing. Thus, we investigated the effects of locally injected GM-CSF on abdominal wounds impaired by adriamycin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We divided 120 female Sprague-Dawley rats into five treatment groups of 24 rats. Group 1 received saline 8 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) + laparotomy 14 days later (control); group 2 received 8 mg/kg i.v. adriamycin + laparotomy 14 days later; group 3 received adriamycin 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + local GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later; group 4 received saline 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + local GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later; and group 5 received adriamycin 8 mg/kg i.v. + laparotomy + systemic GM-CSF 50 microg 14 days later. Sutures were removed on postoperative day (POD) 7 in all five groups, and the abdominal bursting pressures were measured and recorded. Tissue samples were taken from the incision line for histopathological evaluation and hydroxyproline content measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bursting pressure was significantly lower in groups 2 and 5 than in groups 1, 3, and 4. The hydroxyproline content and histopathological findings supported this result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The local injection of GM-CSF improved impaired wound healing in adriamycin-treated rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gulcelik
authors.forename: Soykan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dinc
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dinc
authors.forename: Erdinc
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yenidogan
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ustun
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Renda
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alagol
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor