1H chemical shifts in NMR: Part 23, the effect of dimethyl sulphoxide versus chloroform solvent on 1H chemical shifts.
The 1H chemical shifts of 124 compounds containing a variety of functional groups have been recorded in CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 (henceforth DMSO) solvents. The 1H solvent shift Delta delta = delta(DMSO) - delta(CDCl3) varies from -0.3 to +4.6 ppm. This solvent shift can be accurately predicted (rms error 0.05 ppm) using the charge model of alpha, beta, gamma and long-range contributions. The labile protons of alcohols, acids, amines and amides give both, the largest solvent shifts and the largest errors. The contributions for the various groups are tabulated and it is shown that for H.C.C.X gamma-effects (X = OH, NH, =O, NH.CO) there is a dihedral angle dependence of the gamma-effect. The group contributions are discussed in terms of the possible solvent-solute interactions. For protic hydrogens, hydrogen bonding is the dominant interaction, but for the remaining protons solvent anisotropy and electric field effects appear to be the major factors.
Abraham
Raymond J
RJ
Chemistry Department, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. abrahamr@liv.ac.uk
Byrne
Jonathan J
JJ
Griffiths
Lee
L
Perez
Manuel
M
D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry*; D003903:Deuterium / Q000032:analysis; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*
D012997:Solvents; D002725:Chloroform; D003903:Deuterium; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide