title: Developmental occlusion, orthodontic interventions, and orthognathic surgery for adolescents.
abstract: This article addresses issues in orthodontics such as timing of treatment, expansion in the absence of a posterior crossbite, serial ex-tractions, treatment of Class II and III malocclusions, treatment of open bites, extraction versus nonextraction, preservation of E-space to resolve crowding, orthodontics and temporomandibular disorders, orthognathic surgery, and current trends in orthodontics. Although much information is presented on these topics, many controversies still exist. When more data from evidence-based systematic reviews become available, more predictable and standardized orthodontic treatments may develop.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. drinchuse@aol.com
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rinchuse
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rinchuse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000075202:Contraindications; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D024343:Open Bite / Q000628:therapy; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000639:trends; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000639:trends; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D012690:Serial Extraction; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction