title: Using 3D computer simulations to enhance ophthalmic training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop more effective methods of demonstrating and teaching complex topics in ophthalmology with the use of computer aided three-dimensional (3D) animation and interactive multimedia technologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created 3D animations and interactive computer programmes demonstrating the neuroophthalmological nature of the oculomotor system, including the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the extra-ocular eye muscles and the oculomotor cranial nerves, as well as pupillary symptoms of neurological diseases. At the University of Vienna we compared their teaching effectiveness to conventional teaching methods in a comparative study involving 100 medical students, a multiple choice exam and a survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparative study showed that our students achieved significantly better test results (80%) than the control group (63%) (diff. = 17 +/- 5%, p = 0.004). The survey showed a positive reaction to the software and a strong preference to have more subjects and techniques demonstrated in this fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional computer animation technology can significantly increase the quality and efficiency of the education and demonstration of complex topics in ophthalmology.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Retinology and Biomicroscopic Laser Surgery, Rudolf Foundation Clinic, Vienna, Austria. carl.glittenberg@wienkav.at
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glittenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Binder
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008838:Microcomputers; D019212:Multimedia; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D011680:Pupil; D011681:Pupil Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D012984:Software