title: Safety of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and intervertebral recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is being increasingly used for spinal fusion. There are few data regarding its clinical safety, effectiveness, and clinical outcome when applied on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in conjunction with allograft for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four consecutive patients undergoing TLIF for degenerative disc disease were divided into five groups depending on whether the patient underwent a minimally invasive or open approach, as well as the number of spinal levels surgically treated. Surgery-related data, fusion results, complications, and clinical outcome were evaluated. The mean follow-up duration was 20.6 months (range 14-28 months). The radiographic fusion rate was 100% at 12 and 24 months after the surgery. No bone overgrowth or other complications related to BMP use were demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of the results demonstrated that TLIF combined with a BMP-2-soaked ACS is a feasible, effective, and safe method to promote lumbar fusion. There were no significant intergroup differences in clinical outcome between patients who underwent open compared with minimally invasive procedures. Patient satisfaction rates, however, were higher in the minimally invasive procedure group. The efficacy of BMP-2 was not dependent on which approach was used or the number of spinal levels that were treated.
authors.affiliation: Boulder Neurosurgical Associates and Boulder Community Hospital, Boulder, Colorado 80304, USA. atv@bnasurg.com
authors.forename: Alan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Villavicencio
authors.forename: Sigita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burneikiene
authors.forename: E Lee
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Ketan R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bulsara
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Favors
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thramann
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003094:Collagen; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015503:Surgical Sponges; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2; D003094:Collagen