title: Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection occurs worldwide and is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in 5- to 20-year-olds. The most reliable diagnostic test is the enzyme immunoassay, which allows immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM titration and presents 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity on paired samples. Potentially active drugs are tetracyclines, macrolides, ketolides, lincosamides, streptogamines, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones. Chlamydia pneumoniae accounts for 6 to 20% of CAP cases, depending on several factors such as setting of the studied population, age group examined, and diagnostic methods used. The current gold standard for serological diagnosis of acute infection is microimmunofluorescence testing. Tetracyclines and erythromycin show good in vitro activity and so far have been the most commonly employed drugs in the treatment of C. pneumoniae infection. New macrolides, ketolides, and new fluoroquinolones are other potentially effective drugs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Milano, Milan, Italy. francesco.blasi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tarsia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aliberti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cosentini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allegra
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents