title: Hostility and pain are related to inflammation in older adults.
abstract: Chronically elevated systemic inflammation has a dramatic impact on health for older individuals. As stress-related responses, both hostility and pain perception may contribute to inflammation which in turn may maintain negative emotion and pain over time. We used structural equation modeling to examine the degree to which trait hostility and pain were uniquely associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum IL-6 levels over a 6-year span in a sample of older adults. The sample included 113 present or former caregivers of a spouse with dementia and 101 non-caregivers. After accounting for depression, health behaviours, and other risk factors, which were also assessed longitudinally, pain and, to a lesser extent, hostility were uniquely associated with plasma levels of CRP but not IL-6. When examined separately, the association between pain and CRP was significant only for caregivers, while the association between hostility and CRP was comparable for the two groups. These findings suggest that hostility may play a role in a cycle of inflammation among older adults, and that pain may be particularly problematic for those under chronic stress. Our results also shed light on inflammation as a mechanism underlying the effects of hostility on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA. graham.422@osu.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Theodore F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Robles
authors.forename: Janice K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kiecolt-Glaser
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Malarkey
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bissell
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Glaser
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D018448:Models, Immunological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D008961:Models, Structural; D010146:Pain / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein