title: CytoregR inhibits growth and proliferation of human adenocarcinoma cells via induction of apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer is one of the devastating neovascular diseases that incapacitate so many people the world over. Recent reports from the National Cancer Institute indicate some significant gain therapy and cancer management as seen in the increase in the 5-year survival rate over the past two decades. Although near-perfect cure rate have been reported in the early-stage disease, these data reveal high recurrence rate and serious side effects including second malignancies and fatalities. Most of the currently used anticancer agents are only effective against proliferating cancer cells. Thus attention has been focused on potential anti-cancer agents capable of killing cancer cells independent of the cell cycle state, to ensure effective elimination of most cancer cells. The objective of this study was to test the chemosensitivity and potential mechanism of action of a novel cancer drug, CytoregR, in a panel of human cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  the study was performed using a series of bioassays including Trypan blue exclusion, MTS Growth inhibition, LDH-cytotoxicity, TUNEL-Terminal DNA fragmentation Apoptosis Assay, and the Caspase protease CPP32 activity assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CytoregR induced significant dose- and time-dependent inhibition of growth in all the cells; with significant differences in chemosensitivity (P < 0.05) between the target cells becoming more apparent at 48 hr exposure. CytoregR showed no significant effect on normal cells relative to the tumor cells. Growth inhibition in all the cells was due to induction of apoptosis at lower concentrations of cytoregR (> 1:300). CytoregR-induced caspase protease-3 (CPP32) activation significantly and positively correlated with apoptosis induction and growth inhibition; thus implicating CPP32 as the principal death pathway in cytoregR-induced apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CytoregR exerted a dose-and time-dependent growth inhibitory effect in all the target cells through induction of apoptosis via the CPP32 death pathway, independent of hormonal sensitivity of the cells. The present data indicate that not only could CPP32 provide a potential target for regulation of cytoregR-induced apoptosis but also that cytoregR could play a significant role in chemotherapeutic regimen in many human malignant tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314, USA. jdiaka@fau.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumi-Diaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassanhi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jimenez