title: Activation of RhoB by hypoxia controls hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stabilization through glycogen synthase kinase-3 in U87 glioblastoma cells.
abstract: Hypoxia is a crucial factor in tumor aggressiveness and resistance to treatment, particularly in glioma. Our previous results have shown that inhibiting the small GTPase RhoB increased oxygenation of U87 human glioblastoma xenografts, in part, by regulating angiogenesis. We investigated here whether RhoB might also control a signaling pathway that would permit glioma cells to adapt to hypoxia. We first showed that silencing RhoB with siRNA induced degradation and inhibition of the transcriptional activity of the hypoxia-inducible factor by the proteasome in U87 hypoxic cells. This RhoB-dependent degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in hypoxic conditions was mediated by the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta pathway. While investigating how hypoxia could activate this signaling pathway, using the GST-Rhotekin RBD pulldown assay, we showed the early activation of RhoB by reactive oxygen species under hypoxic conditions and, subsequently, its participation in the ensuing cellular adaptation to hypoxia. Overall, therefore, our results have not only highlighted a new signaling pathway for hypoxia controlled by the small GTPase RhoB, but they also strongly implicate RhoB as a potentially important therapeutic target for decreasing tumor hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U563, Departement d'Innovation Thérapeutique et Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Claudius Regaud, Toulouse Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skuli
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monferran
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lajoie-Mazenc
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Favre
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toulas
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal
mesh_terms: D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein