title: Oral misoprostol for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage by paramedical workers in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether paramedical workers from rural primary health centers in India are able to administer oral misoprostol and actively manage the third stage of labor to prevent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomization was used to enroll 1200 women at 30 peripheral health centers from 5 states in India, 600 forming the study's intervention group (active management of the third stage of labor with 600 mug of oral misoprostol) and 600 forming the comparison group (in which the current government guidelines for the prevention of PPH were followed). The primary outcome was blood loss after delivery, which was measured using a calibrated blood collection drape.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, literacy level, occupation, and gravidity were similar in the 2 groups. More than 70% of women in both groups had moderate anemia (hemoglobin level <10 g/dL). Paramedical workers followed instructions in almost all deliveries in the intervention group (99%). There was a significant reduction in duration of the third stage of labor (7.9 +/- 4.2 min vs. 10.9 +/- 4.3 min; p < .001) and median blood loss after delivery (100 mL vs. 200 mL; p < .001) in the intervention group. Overall, a low incidence of PPH was observed (<1%) in both groups. A greater number of women had moderate to severe shivering (12.7% vs. 0.5%) and a temperature higher than 38 degrees C (9.7% vs. 4.3%) in the intervention group, which was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple interventions can be easily implemented in rural health care settings to reduce the blood loss during labor. This finding has significant implications for developing countries, in which the prevalence of anemia is high.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi. n_chandhiok@hotmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandhiok
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Saxena
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012424:Rural Population
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D016595:Misoprostol