title: Short communication: Influence of active tuberculosis on chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in HIV-infected persons.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is the major opportunistic infection of HIV-1-infected patients in developing countries. Concurrent infection with TB results in immune cells having enhanced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, which facilitates entry and replication of the virus. Cumulative data from earlier studies indicate that TB provides a milieu of continuous cellular activation and irregularities in cytokine and chemokine circuits that favor viral replication and disease progression. To better understand the interaction of the host with HIV-1 during active tuberculosis, we investigated in vivo expression of the HIV-1 coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, and circulating levels of the inhibitory beta-chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha (MIP-1alpha), macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta (MIP-1beta), and regulated upon activation T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), in HIV-positive individuals with and without active pulmonary tuberculosis. We found a significant decrease from normal in the fraction of CD4+ T cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR4 in individuals infected with HIV. However, CCR5 and CXCR4 expression did not differ significantly between HIV patients with and without tuberculosis. Higher amounts of MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES were detected in plasma of HIV-1-positive individuals, particularly those with dual infection, although the increase was not found to be statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Division of HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Chetput, Chennai-600 031, India.
authors.forename: Luke Elizabeth
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Jagadish Chandra
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: Kaustuv
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanyam
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D018925:Chemokines; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine