title: Expression of integrins in cerebral arteriovenous and cavernous malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare levels and patterns of expression for integrins alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5 in arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and cavernous malformations (CCMs) of the brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens from 10 AVM and 10 CCM lesions were selected from 112 patients with AVMs and 97 patients with CCMs who were treated microsurgically in the Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey. Sections were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies for integrins alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5. Separate histological layers of the vascular wall were evaluated, and levels of expression were graded using a four-tier system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Integrin alphavbeta1 was more strongly expressed in AVMs than in CCMs. This difference was most pronounced in the endothelium and subendothelium/media. Integrin alphavbeta3 was more strongly expressed in CCM endothelium than in AVM endothelium (average grades, 0.9 and 0.4, respectively). All 10 of the CCM lesions expressed integrin alphavbeta5 in the endothelium, whereas only five of the AVMs showed minimal expression of this molecule in the endothelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current scientific understanding of the roles integrins play in angiogenesis is far from complete. The levels and patterns of expression for these molecules in the histological layers of the vascular walls of AVMs and CCMs provide some clues about the complex biological activities of integrins in these lesions. If one accepts the premise that immunohistochemistry has its inherent methodological problems, integrins alphavbeta1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5 are expressed in AVMs and CCMs in different ways that may be linked to stages of angiogenic maturation. Integrin alphavbeta1 is expressed more strongly in endothelium and subendothelium/media of AVMs than in the corresponding layers of CCMs. Integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 are expressed more strongly in CCM endothelium than in AVM endothelium. In addition, integrin alphavbeta5 staining was stronger in CCM subendothelium than AVM subendothelium/media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aşkin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seker
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kurtkaya
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sav
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Günel
authors.forename: M Necmettin
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Pamir
authors.forename: Türker
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiliç
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D016023:Integrins; D019030:Receptors, Vitronectin; C064660:integrin alphaVbeta5; C094340:integrin alphavbeta1