title: Dexamethasone as antiemetic during gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  December 2001 to June 2002 at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 100 admitted female patients of ASA-1-II scheduled for diagnostic gynecological laparoscopic surgery were included in this study. Patients with severe systemic or endocrine disease who had predisposing factors for delayed gastric emptying, such as diabetes, chronic cholecystitis or neuromuscular disorders were excluded. In addition patients who suffered from postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) or had received an antiemetic agent or narcotic medications within last 24 hours were also excluded. Patients were divided into two equal groups, patients in one group were given dexamethasone while saline was injected to patients in the second group. Nausea and vomiting were assessed immediately after operation, at 1 hour interval for 4 hours in the recovery and from 4-10 hours in the Ward. Result was compared in two groups by chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During patient s stay in the Postanaesthesia Care Unit (4 hours postoperatively) 26% patients in the dexamethasone group in comparison with 54% of patients in the saline group reported PONV (P < 0.01). Sixteen percent of patients in the dexamethasone group, in comparison with 28% of patients in the saline group needed rescue antiemtic (P 0.05), postoperative nausea vomiting (P < 0.01). During the postoperative observation period of 10 hours, 42% of the patients in the dexamethasone group in comparison with 82% of patients in the saline group reported postoperative nausea and vomiting (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexamethasone significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Furthermore, it is freely available, is less costly and has few side-effects. So, it should be more frequently used as prophylactic antiemetic in women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, P.G.M.I, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan. nasreennaeem@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nasreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laiq
authors.forename: Mohammad Naeem
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Fayyaz Akhtar
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Akbar Said
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D003907:Dexamethasone