title: Plasma D-dimer levels show correlation with number of lymph node metastases in patients with esophageal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic activation of hemostasis and fibrolysis has been shown to be related to tumor progression in patients with malignancies such as lung cancer and colorectal cancer, but there has been no report of these clotting abnormalities in esophageal cancer. We investigated the clinical importance of measuring plasma levels of D-dimer (DD), which is a marker of the hypercoagulable stage, in preoperative patients with esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative plasma DD levels were measured in 96 patients with primary esophageal cancer who were scheduled for esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy without preoperative treatment at our hospital. Results were correlated with the clinicopathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly different plasma DD levels were found with respect to histologic T (p = 0.0015), histologic N (p < 0.0001), number of metastatic nodes (p < 0.0001), and histologic stages (p < 0.0001). The number of lymph node metastases (0/1 to 3/4 to 7/8-) was found to have the strongest association with DD level among the significant clinicopathologic factors (Spearman rank correlation 0.591, p < 0.0001). The most useful cut-off level of the plasma DD levels for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was determined to be 0.4 microg/mL, with specificity and sensitivity for lymph node metastasis being 62.9% and 88.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma DD levels are useful for assessing lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer and should be measured preoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomimaru
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takachi
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyashiro
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohue
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohigashi
authors.forename: Yo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Shingi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D