title: Effective initiation of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment for patients with a fragility fracture in an orthopaedic environment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fragility fractures resulting from osteoporosis are common injuries. However, the identification and treatment of osteoporosis in these high-risk patients are widely reported to be inadequate. The goals of this study were to determine how many patients receiving inpatient or outpatient treatment for a fragility fracture could be identified and enrolled in a program for osteoporosis education, investigation, and treatment and receive appropriate osteoporosis care within the program.
  
  
  METHODS
  An Osteoporosis Exemplary Care Program was implemented to identify, educate, evaluate, refer, and treat patients considered to be at risk for osteoporosis because of a typical fragility fracture. System modifications included coordination among the orthopaedic unit, Metabolic Bone Disease Clinic, and nuclear medicine unit to provide a continuum of care for these patients. Barriers were addressed through ongoing education of physicians, staff, and patients to increase knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis. The percentages of patients previously diagnosed and treated for osteoporosis, referred for investigation of osteoporosis, treated by the orthopaedic team, and receiving appropriate attention for osteoporosis were calculated. Risk factors for osteoporosis were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and forty-nine patients with a fragility fracture (221 outpatients and 128 inpatients) who met the inclusion criteria and an additional eighty-one patients with a fracture (fifty-five outpatients and twenty-six inpatients) who did not meet the inclusion criteria but were suspected by their orthopaedic surgeons of having underlying osteoporosis were enrolled in the Osteoporosis Exemplary Care Program. More than 96% (414) of these 430 patients received appropriate attention for osteoporosis. Approximately one-third (146) of the 430 patients had been diagnosed and treated for osteoporosis before the time of recruitment. Two hundred and twenty-two of the remaining patients were referred to the Metabolic Bone Disease Clinic or to their family physician for further investigation and treatment for osteoporosis. Treatment was initiated by the orthopaedic team for another twenty-three patients. Many patients had risk factors for osteoporosis in addition to the fragility fracture; these included a previous fracture (forty-nine of 187; 26%), a mother who had had a fragility fracture (forty-two of 188; 22%), or a history of smoking (105 of 188; 56%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a coordinated post-fracture osteoporosis education and treatment program directed at patients with a fragility fracture and their caregivers, >95% of patients were appropriately diagnosed, treated, or referred for osteoporosis care. To accomplish this, a dedicated coordinator and the full cooperation of orthopaedic surgeons and residents, orthopaedic technologists, allied health-care professionals (nurses, physical and occupational therapists, and social workers), and administrative staff were required.
authors.affiliation: St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 55 Queen Street East, Suite 800, Toronto, ON M5C 1R6, Canada. bogoche@smh.toronto.on.ca
authors.forename: Earl R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bogoch
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Elliot-Gibson
authors.forename: Dorcas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Beaton
authors.forename: Sophie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Josse
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D016730:Program Development; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium