title: Effects of exposure to a mixture of cadmium and chromium on detoxification enzyme (GST, P450-MO) activities in the frog Rana ridibunda.
abstract: The effect of two heavy metals, namely chromium and cadmium, on GST and P450-MO activities in the liver, kidney and gut of the frog Rana ridibunda, and the use of these detoxification enzyme systems as possible markers of heavy metal contamination of rivers in Northern Greece was investigated. In control animals, the highest P450-MO activity was observed in the liver and the lowest activity in the gut. As regards GST, the liver and kidneys showed the highest activity. Exposure of Rana to either Cr or a mixture of Cr and Cd caused a decrease in liver GST and P450-MO and renal GST activities. An important finding was that both GST and P450-MO activities were negatively correlated with concentrations of both metals in the liver of mixture-exposed animals. The results suggest that the determination of GST and P450-MO activities, in combination, could serve to indicate heavy metal contamination in rivers of Northern Greece.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Iason
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kostaropoulos
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalmanti
authors.forename: Basiliki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulou
authors.forename: Nikolaos S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Loumbourdis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002857:Chromium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D011895:Rana ridibunda / Q000502:physiology*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase