title: Implications of changing national cholesterol education program goals for the treatment and control of hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modifications to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines lowered optional low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the implications of widely adopting these optional goals in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional study using 1999 to 2002 data from 3,281 U.S. adults aged 20 to 79 years participating the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcomes were the proportions of adults whose fasting LDL-C levels exceeded NCEP recommended and optional targets from 2001 and 2004. We used survey weights to estimate the size of the U.S. population exceeding targets. We examined outcomes for 4 coronary disease risk subgroups described by the NCEP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values exceeded 2001 NCEP goals for 30.0% of adults, and 35.8% had levels above optional 2004 goals. An estimated 24,900,000 individuals (14.2%) exceeded 2001 thresholds for drug therapy, 46,200,000 (26.3%) exceeded optional 2001 thresholds for drug therapy, and 56,500,000 (32.2%) were above the optional 2004 thresholds for drug therapy. For lower, moderate, moderately high, and high-risk groups, 13.4%, 44.2%, 58.8%, and 71.8%, respectively, exceeded 2001 NCEP goals; 13.4%, 15.7%, 87.4%, and 96.0% of these groups exceeded optional 2004 thresholds for drug therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 1999 to 2002, LDL-C levels commonly exceeded 2001 NCEP goals, especially for moderately high and high-risk individuals, and cholesterol-lowering medications were underused. Optional goals promulgated by the NCEP in 2001 and 2004 moderately increased the number of adults with LDL-C above their goal, and greatly increased the number of low, moderately high, and high-risk adults who exceeded LDL-C thresholds, for cholesterol-lowering medication.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-2927, USA. spersell@nmff.org
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Persell
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lloyd-Jones
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL