title: Renal allograft tolerance in DLA-identical and haploidentical dogs after nonmyeloablative conditioning and transient immunosuppression with cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Canine models of bone marrow and renal transplantation have provided important preclinical data relevant to developing novel therapeutic protocols for hematopoietic and solid organ transplantation in human beings. Nonmyeloablative transplantation has been shown to induce stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism in normal dogs and correct the phenotype of canine pyruvate kinase deficiency and Glanzman's thrombasthenia. In this study, we investigated the potential for inducing renal allograft tolerance using a nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation strategy that induces mixed chimerism in DLA-identical dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reciprocal renal allografts were performed in 4 DLA-identical and 4 DLA-haploidentical dogs with nonmyeloablative conditioning (200 cGy total body irradiation [TBI]) and transient immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CSP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with and without simultaneous bone marrow transplantation. Two DLA-identical control dogs received reciprocal renal allografts without TBI or immunosuppression with CSP and MMF. Serum creatinine (Cr) concentration was monitored to assess renal allograft function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The renal allografts were acutely rejected in the 2 DLA-identical dogs without TBI or immunosuppression. There was long-term (>1 year) renal allograft survival as evidenced by a normal (<2.0 mg/dL) serum Cr concentration in both the DLA-identical and DLA-haploidentical dogs that underwent 200 cGy TBI and transient immunosuppression with CSP and MMF either with or without simultaneous bone marrow transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonmyeloablative conditioning (200 cGy TBI) and transient immunosuppression with CSP and MMF induce renal allograft tolerance in DLA-identical and DLA-haploidentical dogs without donor/host mixed hematopoietic chimerism. These findings suggest it may be possible to induce tolerance to solid organ transplants without the need for chronic immunosuppressive therapy or stable hematopoietic chimerism in the setting of both DLA-matched and haploidentical transplants.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Niemeyer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tillson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brawner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rynders
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dufresne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Lothrop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D006239:Haplotypes; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000276:immunology*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C039692:histocompatibility antigen DLA; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid