title: Pharmacological characterization of 2NTX-99 [4-methoxy-N1-(4-trans-nitrooxycyclohexyl)-N3-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide], a potential antiatherothrombotic agent with antithromboxane and nitric oxide donor activity in platelet and vascular preparations.
abstract: Thromboxane (TX) A(2), prostacyclin (PGI(2)), and nitric oxide (NO) regulate platelet function and interaction with the vessel wall. Inhibition of TXA(2), implemented synthesis of PGI(2), and supply of exogenous NO may afford therapeutic benefit. 2NTX-99 [4-methoxy-N(1)-(4-trans-nitrooxycyclohexyl)-N(3)-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide], a new chemical entity related to picotamide, showed antithromboxane activity and NO donor properties. 2NTX-99 relaxed rabbit aortic rings precontracted with norepinephrine or U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-9alpha,11alpha-methanoepoxy-prosta-5Z,13E-dien-1-oic acid; EC(50), 7.9 and 17.1 microM, respectively), an effect abolished by 10 microM 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). 2NTX-99 inhibited arachidonic acid (AA)-induced washed platelet aggregation (EC(50), 9.8 microM) and TXB(2) formation (-71% at 10 microM), and its potency increased in the presence of aortic rings (EC(50), 1.4 microM). In whole rabbit aorta incubated with homologous platelets, AA caused contraction and TXA(2) formation, reduced by 2NTX-99 (10-40 microM): contraction, -28 and -47%, TXA(2) formation, -37 and -75.4%, respectively, with concomitant increase in PGI(2). 2NTX-99 (20-40 microM) inhibited U46619-induced aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (-74 +/- 6.7 and -96 +/- 2.4%, respectively) and inhibited collagen-induced aggregation in human PRP (-48.2 +/- 10 and -79.2 +/- 6%), whereas ozagrel was ineffective. In human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with the TXA(2) receptor isophorm alpha receptor, 2NTX-99 did not compete with the ligand, [(3)H]SQ29,548 ([(3)H][1S-[1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta,4alpha]]-7-[3-[[2-(phenylamino)-carbonyl]hydrazino]methyl]-7-oxabicyclo[2,2,1]-hept-2-yl]-5-heptanoic acid), or prevent inositol phosphate accumulation. After oral administration (50-250 mg/kg), 2NTX-99 inhibited TXA(2) production in rat clotting blood (-71 and -91%); at 250 mg/kg, an area under the curve, 0 to 16 h, of 149.5 h/microg/ml and a t(1/2) of 6 h were calculated, with a C(max) value of 31.8 +/- 8.2 microg/ml. An excellent correlation between plasma concentrations and TXA(2) inhibition occurs. 2NTX-99 controls platelet function and vessel wall interaction by multifactorial mechanisms and possesses therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Pharmacy, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buccellati
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossoni
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Capra
authors.forename: G Enrico
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Rovati
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Gennaro
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Folco
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colli
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casagrande
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D013931:Thromboxanes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C510792:4-methoxy-N'-(4-nitrooxycyclohexyl)-N3-(3-pyridinylmethyl)-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide; D001549:Benzamides; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D013931:Thromboxanes; D016718:Arachidonic Acid