title: Comparison of the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of ketamine and propofol with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane in goats undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia maintained by continuous infusion of ketamine and propofol with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane in goats undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 Saanen goats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Goats were anesthetized twice (1-month interval) following sedation with midazolam (0.4 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced via IV administration of ketamine (3 mg/kg) and propofol (1 mg/kg) and maintained with an IV infusion of ketamine (0.03 mg/kg/min) and propofol (0.3 mg/kg/min) and 100% inspired oxygen (K-P treatment) or induced via IV administration of propofol (4 mg/kg) and maintained via inhalation of sevoflurane in oxygen (end-expired concentration, 2.3%; 1X minimum alveolar concentration; SEVO treatment). Cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were assessed at intervals after induction of anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean +/- SD end-expired sevoflurane was 2.24 +/- 0.2%; ketamine and propofol were infused at rates of 0.03 +/- 0.002 mg/kg/min and 0.29 +/- 0.02 mg/kg/min, respectively. Overall, administration of ketamine and propofol for total IV anesthesia was associated with a degree of immobility and effects on cardiopulmonary parameters that were comparable to those associated with anesthesia maintained by inhalation of sevoflurane. Compared with the K-P treatment group, mean and diastolic blood pressure values in the SEVO treatment group were significantly lower at most or all time points after induction of anesthesia. After both treatments, recovery from anesthesia was good or excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that ketamine-propofol total IV anesthesia in goats breathing 100% oxygen is practical and safe for performance of magnetic resonance imaging procedures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, VetSuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Länggassstrasse 124, PO Box 8466, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M Paula
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Larenza
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergadano
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iff
authors.forename: Marcus G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Doherr
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schatzmann
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007649:Ketamine; D010100:Oxygen; D015742:Propofol