title: The effect of pretreatment with thiopental on reducing pain induced by rocuronium injection.
abstract: We examined whether pretreatment with a small dose of thiopental was effective in reducing pain induced by the intravenous injection of rocuronium. Withdrawal movement was used to assess pain reduction. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: patients in the control group were pretreated with 2 mL saline, and those in the thiopental group were pretreated with 2 mL (50 mg) thiopental. Thiopental 5 mg/kg was injected intravenously. After a loss of consciousness, the upper arm was compressed with a rubber tourniquet, and the pretreatment drugs were administered. Thirty seconds later the tourniquet was removed and 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium was administered. Withdrawal movement was assessed using a four-grade scale: no movement, movement limited to the wrist, to the elbow or to the shoulder. The frequency of withdrawal movement in the group pretreated with thiopental was lower than in the control group (34 vs. 13, p < 0.05). We concluded that pretreatment with 2 mL (50 mg) thiopental is effective in reducing pain caused by the intravenous injection of rocuronium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 162 Ilsan-dong, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae-Chan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Young-Bok
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon-Yul
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Kyo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000732:Androstanols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D000077123:Rocuronium; D013874:Thiopental / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D013874:Thiopental; D000077123:Rocuronium