title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation as trigger of dystonic attacks in a patient affected by paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.
abstract: A 22-year-old patient presented with attacks of paroxysmal dystonia characterised by involuntary and uncontrollable movements affecting lower and upper limbs with sustained turning or twisting of the trunk. These motor paroxysms were induced by voluntary movements and lasted between 10 and 15 s with a frequency of 1-5 attacks per day. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex was found to induce motor paroxysms very similar to the spontaneous attacks. To evaluate motor cortex and brainstem excitability immediately after and between the attacks, a neurophysiological study was performed.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurologica 2, Policlinico Universitario, I-98125 Messina, Italy. angelo.quartarone@unime.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quartarone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girlanda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002819:Chorea / Q000628:therapy*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000209:etiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*