Molecular characterization and mapping of ALMT1, the aluminium-tolerance gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
The major aluminum (Al) tolerance gene in wheat ALMT1 confers. An Al-activated efflux of malate from root apices. We determined the genomic structure of the ALMT1 gene and found it consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. Sequencing a range of wheat genotypes identified 3 alleles for ALMT1, 1 of which was identical to the ALMT1 gene from an Aegilops tauschii accession. The ALMT1 gene was mapped to chromosome 4DL using 'Chinese Spring' deletion lines, and loss of ALMT1 coincided with the loss of both Al tolerance and Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance in each of 5 different doubled-haploid populations was found to be conditioned by a single major gene. When ALMT1 was polymorphic between the parental lines, QTL and linkage analyses indicated that ALMT1 mapped to chromosome 4DL and cosegregated with Al tolerance. In 2 populations examined, Al tolerance also segregated with a greater capacity for Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance was not associated with a particular coding allele for ALMT1, but was significantly correlated with the relative level of ALMT1 expression. These findings suggest that the Al tolerance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is primarily conditioned by ALMT1.
Raman
Harsh
H
NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, NSW, Australia.
Zhang
Kerong
K
Cakir
Mehmet
M
Appels
Rudi
R
Garvin
David F
DF
Maron
Lyza G
LG
Kochian
Leon V
LV
Moroni
J Sergio
JS
Raman
Rosy
R
Imtiaz
Muhammad
M
Drake-Brockman
Fiona
F
Waters
Irene
I
Martin
Peter
P
Sasaki
Takayuki
T
Yamamoto
Yoko
Y
Matsumoto
Hideaki
H
Hebb
Diane M
DM
Delhaize
Emmanuel
E
Ryan
Peter R
PR
D000483:Alleles; D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D001483:Base Sequence; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005787:Gene Frequency; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006238:Haploidy; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D008293:Malates; C030298:malic acid; D000535:Aluminum