title: Acute onset concomitant esotropia: sensorial evaluation, prism adaptation test, and surgery planning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute acquired concomitant esotropia is a rare form of strabismus that usually presents during infancy or early childhood with diplopia and minimal refractive error. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the prism adaptation test in a group of normosensorial patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia and to determine its predictive value for surgical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients (median age, 11 .5 years) with acute acquired concomitant esotropia underwent the prism adaptation test by applications of Fresnel press-on and prismatic lenses. The sensorial condition of each patient had been evaluated with theTNO stereopsis test, the Irvine test, Bagolini striated glasses, and the Worth four-dot test during the prism adaptation test, when maximum compensation angle was achieved, and after surgery. In all patients, surgery was performed based on the angle of the squint after the prism adaptation test. Patients were observed 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in the angle of the squint occurred in all patients during prism adaptation. The maximum value was obtained in the same amount of time whether with prisms of increasing power or by direct application of the final value of the prisms. The final prismatic value (target angle) was always the same.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of the patients' selection confirmed the existence of highly reproducible compensational movements to the prismatic correction in not only patients with anomalous retinal correspondence but also normosensorial patients. Prism adaptation test results were useful in these patients because of their high predictive value for the surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colucci
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rebecchi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dickmann
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011379:Prognosis