title: Preoperative serum tissue factor levels are an independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant that plays an important part in tumor angiogenesis. We sought to determine the role of preoperative serum TF levels in predicting clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  TF expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in ovarian cell lines. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we assessed preoperative serum TF levels in 98 women with invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 30 with low malignant potential (LMP) tumors, 16 with benign tumors, and a separate validation group of 39 women with adnexal masses. Clinical information was gathered from chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TF was expressed in four of the five ovarian cancer cell lines, but absent in the nontransformed cells. Ovarian cancer patients had a median preoperative serum TF level of 85.2 pg/mL, which was significantly higher than in those with LMP tumors (12.8 pg/mL; P < .01) and benign adnexal disease (30.7 pg/mL; P < .01). TF >or= 190 pg/mL was significantly associated with decreased patient survival (P < .01). After adjusting for other clinical variables in a multivariate Cox regression model, TF >or= 190 pg/mL was an independent prognostic factor (P < .01). Analysis of serum TF levels from the validation set confirmed that high TF (>or=190 pg/mL) was associated with a 3.4-fold increase in risk of death from disease (P = .02) and shorter survival (P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative serum TF levels are significantly elevated in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Elevated preoperative TF level is an independent prognostic factor for death from disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1362, PO Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA.
authors.forename: Liz Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Charles N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Landen
authors.forename: Aparna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmandt
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gershenson
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D013925:Thromboplastin