title: Effect of vibration magnitude, vibration spectrum and muscle tension on apparent mass and cross axis transfer functions during whole-body vibration exposure.
abstract: Twelve seated male subjects were exposed to 15 vibration conditions to investigate the nature and mechanisms of the non-linearity in biomechanical response. Subjects were exposed to three groups of stimuli: Group A comprised three repeats of random vertical vibration at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ms(-2) r.m.s. with subjects sitting in a relaxed upright posture. Group B used the same vibration stimuli as Group A, but with subjects sitting in a 'tense' posture. Group C used vibration where the vibration spectrum was dominated by either low-frequency motion (2-7 Hz), high-frequency motion (7-20 Hz) or a 1.0 ms(-2) r.m.s. sinusoid at the frequency of the second peak in apparent mass (about 10-14 Hz) added to 0.5 ms(-2) r.m.s. random vibration. In the relaxed posture, frequencies of the primary peak in apparent mass decreased with increased vibration magnitude. In the tense posture, the extent of the non-linearity was reduced. For the low-frequency dominated stimulus, the primary peak frequency was lower than that for the high-frequency dominated stimulus indicating that the frequency of the primary peak in the apparent mass is dominated by the magnitude of the vibration encompassing the peak. Cross-axis transfer functions showed peaks of about 15-20% and 5% of the magnitudes of the peaks in the apparent mass for x- and y-direction transfer functions, respectively, in the relaxed posture. In the tense posture, cross-axis transfer functions reduced in magnitude with increased vibration, likely indicating a reduced fore-aft pitching of the body with increased tension, supporting the hypothesis that pitching contributes to the non-linearity in apparent mass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK. n.j.mansfield@lboro.ac.uk
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmlund
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lundström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lenzuni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nataletti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D011187:Posture; D014732:Vibration