title: Application of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction to trace the fate of generic Escherichia coli within a high capacity pork slaughter line.
abstract: The dissemination of enteric contaminants (generic Escherichia coli and Salmonella) associated with pork carcasses and contact surfaces within a high capacity (6,000 carcasses per day) pork slaughter line was evaluated. Sponge samples were taken periodically from the holding area floor and carcasses at different points in the line throughout an 8.75 h production period. E. coli levels within the holding area were high (ca. 6 log cfu 100 cm(-2)) during the initial phase of processing and did not significantly increase throughout the activity period. In the course of dehairing carcasses, the levels of E. coli were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by scalding but increased during the scraping process. A combination of polishing and triple singeing reduced E. coli populations and the bacterium was only recovered sporadically on eviscerated carcasses. The E. coli populations associated with the slaughter line had a low diversity considering the large number of carcasses processed. In Visit I, the 665 E. coli isolates typed using ERIC-PCR could be grouped into 41 genotypes. In Visit II, 141 genotypes were identified among the 855 E. coli isolates tested. This would suggest that contamination on incoming pigs was of only minor significance compared to that present within the slaughterhouse environment. The holding area was shown to act as a reservoir for endemic E. coli genotypes that could be systematically transferred throughout the dressing line on carcasses. Indeed, the majority of genotypes could be re-isolated throughout the 8.75-h processing period. E. coli isolated from carcasses within the evisceration area could be traced to up-stream operations. The holding area and scraper operation were found to be the most important sites of cross-contamination. Fourteen genotypes recovered (primarily within the holding area) on Visit I were re-isolated on Visit II. Despite the presence of endemic E. coli populations, Salmonella was recovered from only two sites (holding area floor and a carcass within the cooler) on a single occasion. The two Salmonella recovered were genetically distinct (similarity index=22%) suggesting that they originated from different sources and were not part of an endemic population. The study has further illustrated the utility of molecular typing of generic E. coli isolates to establish the dynamics of enteric contamination within pork slaughter lines. However, the extent to which the distribution of E. coli can be extrapolated to that of Salmonella remains uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Namvar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warriner
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000592:standards*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*