title: Retroperitoneoscopic versus open surgical radical nephrectomy for large renal cell carcinoma in clinical stage cT2 or cT3a: quality of life, pain and reconvalescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy for large renal cell carcinoma in stage cT2 or cT3a is a feasible, safe and effective therapy option and if it shows any advantage regarding quality of life in comparison to open procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 patients who underwent RPNx for tumor size greater than 7 cm (group 1) were matched and compared with 25 patients, who underwent ONx (group 2) for tumor with similar size characteristics. Patient and surgical data, QoL variables and complications were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median followup was 12 (range: 6-18) months for both groups. Group 1 had significantly (p < 0.001) less blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and shorter postoperative analgesic requirements. No conversion to open surgery was necessary, and no major complications requiring an invasive intervention occurred. Retroperitoneoscopic patients had significantly better QoL and pain scores postoperatively to 6 months (p < 0.001) and they return to baseline QoL status faster (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RPNx for large RCC in stage cT2 or cT3a is a safe and efficacious procedure with good short-term outcome results and significantly shorter recovery of QoL variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Northwest Hospital, Stiftung Hospital zum Heiligen Geist, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ebm_urology@gmx.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dillenburg
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poulakis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skriapas
authors.forename: Rachelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferakis
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Witzsch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melekos
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becht
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003289:Convalescence; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome