title: MED220/thyroid receptor-associated protein 220 functions as a transcriptional coactivator with Pit-1 and GATA-2 on the thyrotropin-beta promoter in thyrotropes.
abstract: Mediator (MED) 220/thyroid receptor-associated protein (TRAP) 220 is a transcriptional mediator that interacts with liganded thyroid/steroid hormone receptors. MED220 haploinsufficient heterozygotes exhibited hypothyroidism and reduced TSHbeta transcripts, suggesting a specific function for TSHbeta transcription. We previously demonstrated that Pit-1 and GATA-2 can bind to a composite element within the proximal TSHbeta promoter and synergistically activate transcription. We detected MED220 expression in TtT-97 thyrotropes by Northern and Western blot analysis. Cotransfections in CV-1 cells showed that Pit-1, GATA-2, or MED220 alone did not markedly stimulate the TSHbeta promoter. However, Pit-1 plus GATA-2 resulted in an 10-fold activation, demonstrating synergistic cooperativity. Titration of MED220 resulted in a further dose-dependent stimulation up to 25-fold that was promoter specific. Glutathione-S-transferase interaction studies showed that MED220 or GATA-2 each bound the homeodomain of Pit-1, whereas MED220 interacted independently with each zinc finger of GATA-2 but not with either terminus. MED220 interacted with GATA-2 and Pit-1 over a broad region of its N terminus. These regions of interaction were also important for maximal function. Coimmunoprecipitation confirmed that all three factors can interact in thyrotropes and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated in vivo occupancy on the proximal TSHbeta promoter. Thus, the TSHbeta gene is maximally activated by a combination of three thyrotrope transcription factors that act via both protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center-Fitzsimons, Mail Stop 8106, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, Colorado 80049, USA. david.gordon@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Kavita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tundwal
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Ridgway
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D056913:Mediator Complex Subunit 1; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000378:metabolism; D037322:Thyrotropin, beta Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; C494712:Gata2 protein, mouse; C538856:Med1 protein, mouse; D056913:Mediator Complex Subunit 1; D037322:Thyrotropin, beta Subunit; D015534:Trans-Activators; D050817:Transcription Factor Pit-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013972:Thyrotropin