title: Clinical consequences of infection in patients with acute stroke: is it prime time for further antibiotic trials?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unsettled whether stroke-associated infection (SAI) is an independent prognostic factor, and a recent clinical trial failed to show that antibiotic prophylaxis prevented SAI. Contrarily, this trial suggested that antibiotic prophylaxis impaired clinical recovery. We sought to evaluate the predisposing factors and clinical consequences of SAI to gather additional insight on the need of exploring other antibiotics in acute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2001 and April 2002, 229 consecutive patients were admitted into the neurological wards within 24 hours of stroke onset. Demographics, risk factors, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, vital data, imaging, and laboratory findings were prospectively evaluated. SAI was treated as early as possible. Multivariate regression analyses assessed predisposing factors of SAI and the independent association between SAI and poor stroke outcome at day 7 (Rankin >2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty (26%) patients developed SAI, most frequently chest infections, and within 3 days of stroke onset. Tube feeding (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3, 7.8) was the strongest predisposing factor of SAI. Poor outcome at hospital discharge was associated to baseline NIHSS score (OR, 10.0; 95% CI, 1.5, 100) and tube feeding (OR, 16.6; 95% CI, 2.9, 100.0), adjusted for confounders including antibiotic use. SAI was not independently associated to poor outcome (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9, 1.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SAI is a marker of the severity of stroke without an independent outcome effect when it is promptly treated. These results support current stroke guidelines that advise prompt treatment of infection and warn against antibiotic prophylaxis. Yet, these recommendations should not prevent the performance of acute stroke trials assessing the value of antibiotics with acknowledged neuroprotective properties.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Horcajada
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Obach
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Revilla
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: Ferrán
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Planas
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mensa
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamorro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents