title: Heterotopic ossification in Guillain-Barré syndrome: incidence and effects on functional outcome with long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the incidence, effects on functional abilities, and possible causation of heterotopic ossification (HO) in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) patients admitted for inpatient rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term prospective study on neurologic and functional outcome of GBS patients admitted for rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation department, inpatient and outpatient, within a university-affiliated medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  All GBS patients admitted for rehabilitation and followed for a minimum of 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of HO, factors that may be etiologically significant, and effects on functionality. Data included: medical interventions, Disability Grading Scale, need for assisted ventilation, electrodiagnostic findings, autonomic function, standard neuro-musculo-skeletal evaluation, and hospital length of stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four (6%) of 65 patients had HO, 24 of whom required mechanical ventilation. All had decreased range of motion in the involved hips that affected mobility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even though it has been rarely reported, HO does occur in GBS and affects functional outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer; and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel. gavriel.zeilig@sheba.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Gabi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeilig
authors.forename: Harold P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Weingarden
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Inbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peer
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohry
authors.forename: Nava
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blumen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome