title: Effects of etching time of primary dentin on interface morphology and microtensile bond strength.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of different etching times (5, 15 or 30 s) on the morphology and micro-tensile bond strength (muTBS) of primary dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  For muTBS study, nine primary molars were randomly distributed in three experimental groups. Three Class I cavities per tooth were drilled and etched (37% orthophosphoric acid gel for 5, 15 or 30 s). Excite adhesive was applied and cavities restored with a resin composite (Tetric Ceram). Composite/dentin bars (ca. 1 mm2 section) were obtained from teeth and tested in tension until debonding. Means of muTBS results were compared with ANOVA and Student-Neuman-Keuls post hoc tests. Morphology: Three occlusal cavities were prepared in five primary molars. Each cavity was etched and restored as described for previous groups and teeth were sectioned mesio-distally. One half of each tooth was prepared for using under optical microscopy using Masson's trichromic dye technique and the other half was examined by SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  muTBS mean (S.D.) results (in MPa) were 5 s etch: 6.20 (2.81), 15 s: 13.43 (5.91), 30 s: 13.04 (5.67). muTBS groups were Excite 5 s < Excite 15 s = Excite 30 s. Masson's trichromic technique stained the demineralized dentin layer red in all specimens. The mean (S.D.) thickness of the demineralized layers (in mu) were 5 s: 3.28 (1.23), 15 s: 3.83 (1.26), 30 s: 4.44 (1.70). There is a statistically significant linear relationship between time of application of etching and mean depth of demineralized layer. This relationship was established as depth (in mu) = 3.08 + 0.05 time (in s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimum adequate etching time for primary dentin is 15s.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Univeridad de Granada, Granada, Spain. mbolanos@ugr.es
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bolaños-Carmona
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González-López
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Briones-Luján
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Haro-Muñoz
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de la Macorra
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D006801:Humans; D008689:Methacrylates; D008963:Molar; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C420130:Excite cement; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C121818:Tetric ceram; C452226:tetric flow composite resin; C030242:phosphoric acid