title: Functional interaction of NMDA and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in negatively reinforced learning in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of glutamatergic system in learning and memory has been extensively studied, and especially N-methyl-D: -aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been implicated in different learning and memory processes. Less is known, however, about group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in this field. Recent studies indicated that the coactivation of both NMDA and group I mGlu receptors is required for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and learning.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to evaluate if there is a functional interaction between NMDA and group I mGlu receptors in two different models of aversive learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of NMDA, mGlu1, and mGlu5 receptor antagonists on acquisition were tested after systemic coadministration of selected ineffective doses in passive avoidance (PA) and fear-potentiated startle (FPS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interaction in aversive learning was investigated using selective antagonists: (3-ethyl-2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl)-(4-methoxy-cyclohexyl)-methanone methanesulfonate (EMQMCM) for mGlu1, [(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl]pyridine (MTEP) for mGlu5, and (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzocyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate [(+)MK-801] for NMDA receptors. In PA, the coapplication of MTEP at a dose of 5 mg/kg and (+)MK-801 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg 30 min before training impaired the acquisition tested 24 h later. Similarly, EMQMCM (2.5 mg/kg) plus (+)MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg), given during the acquisition phase, blocked the acquisition of the PA response. In contrast, neither the combination of MTEP (1.25 mg/kg) nor EMQMCM (5 mg/kg) plus (+)MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg) was effective on the acquisition assessed in the FPS paradigm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest differences in the interaction of the NMDA and mGlu group I receptor types in aversive instrumental conditioning vs conditioning to a discrete light cue.
authors.affiliation: Preclinical R&D, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Eckenheimer Landstrasse 100, 60318 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gravius
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietraszek
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Danysz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D005239:Fear; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
chemical_list: D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1