title: Weight change and changes in the metabolic syndrome as the French population moves towards overweight: the D.E.S.I.R. cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  How weight change affects the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its parameters is unknown, particularly, in a leaner European population such as the French prospective D.E.S.I.R. cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 3770 D.E.S.I.R. participants (sex ratio=1) averaging 47.5 years (range 30-64), with measured weight and MS parameters at baseline (D0) and at 6 year follow-up (D6), we assessed this relationship across five weight-change classes, using stable weight as the referent group (-2 to +2 kg). We used analysis-of-covariance to assess changes in each MS parameter and logistic regression to assess incident MS, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). We also assessed weight-change effect on MS status between D0 and D6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At D0, average weight was 68.4 kg (SD 12.3); BMI was 24.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.5). From D0-D6, the cohort gained a mean 2.1 kg (median 2.0; SD 4.4). After adjustment for age and D0 weight, there was a strong linear relationship with weight change and worsening of the following MS parameters at D6: fasting insulin, waist girth, fasting glucose, fasting triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.0001). After age adjustment, for every kilogram gained over 6 years, risk of developing the NCEP Syndrome increased 22% (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.18-1.25). NCEP-MS was incident in 3% of those with stable weight compared with 21% among those gaining >9 kg; 10% of those who lost >2 kg reverted to non-NCEP-MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All continuous MS measures are linearly related to weight change, and MS can resolve with modest weight loss, underscoring the importance of maintaining lifelong normal weight.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U258, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fagot-Campagna
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eschwège
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vol
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cailleau
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balkau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000502:physiology*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides