title: Biomechanical analysis of posterior fixation techniques in a 360 degrees arthrodesis model.
abstract: METHODS
  A biomechanical study to assess the ability of posterior fixation techniques to stabilize a functional spine unit (FSU) after insertion of an anterior load-sharing device.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to compare various posterior fixation techniques in combination with an anterior load-sharing implant.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pedicle screws and translaminar facet screws have been shown to improve the stiffness of an FSU in combination with an anterior load-sharing device. No published studies, to our knowledge, have compared translaminar facet screw fixation versus bilateral and unilateral pedicle screw fixation used with an anterior load-sharing device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten cadaveric FSUs were potted using methylmethacrylate and attached to a spine simulator mounted to an MTS Mini-Bionix testing machine. The simulator was configured to control compressive loading, axial torque, flexion, extension, and lateral bending. Each specimen was tested in the intact state and following the application of each of four stabilization techniques: custom cage alone, cage plus translaminar facet screw fixation, cage plus unilateral pedicle screw and plate fixation, and cage plus bilateral pedicle screw and rod fixation with transverse coupling. Compressive stiffness and total range of motion (ROM) between +/-8 Nm of torque were extracted from the raw data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each fixation method decreased ROM in torsion, flexion-extension, and lateral bending compared with the intact state. Unilateral pedicle fixation offered less stability than either of the other posterior fixations in all modes of testing except axial loading, where it was equivalent. Translaminar facet screw fixation was equivalent to bilateral pedicle screws in all modes tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a load-sharing interbody implant, translaminar facet screws are equivalent to bilateral pedicle screws in resisting motion in all three planes. Translaminar facet screws and bilateral pedicle screws offer greater stabilization in all three planes compared with unilateral pedicle screws and a single plate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7387, USA. dburton@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McIff
authors.forename: Tyler
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lark
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Asher
authors.forename: R Chris
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Glattes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000592:standards; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators / Q000592:standards; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012399:Rotation