title: Weight loss reduces adipose tissue cathepsin S and its circulating levels in morbidly obese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human adipose tissue produces several adipokines, including the newly identified protein cathepsin S (CTSS), a cysteine protease involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Obesity is characterized by high levels of CTSS in the circulation and in sc white adipose tissue (scWAT).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of surgery-induced weight loss on circulating CTSS and its protein expression in scWAT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty morbidly obese women before and 3 months after surgery and 10 healthy lean women were studied. We analyzed the relationships between circulating CTSS and clinical and biological parameters. Immunohistochemistry of the CTSS protein variations in scWAT was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight loss decreased by 42% (P < 0.0001) the circulating CTSS levels, which correlated with changes in body weight (P = 0.03). We observed a significant decrease in CTSS enzymatic activity by 25% after weight loss (P = 0.001). Adipose tissue CTSS content was reduced by 30% (P = 0.002) after surgery. The variations in CTSS expression in scWAT after surgery correlated with changes in circulating CTSS serum levels (P = 0.03). Most of the correlations between CTSS and clinical and biological parameters disappeared after adjustment for body mass index, emphasizing the strong link between CTSS and corpulence in humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in CTSS scWAT might contribute to serum variations in CTSS during weight loss. The decrease in CTSS concentrations in the circulation may contribute to vascular improvement in obese subjects after weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U755, Nutrition Department, Hôtel Dieu, Place du parvis Notre Dame, 75004 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Soraya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taleb
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cancello
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poitou
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rouault
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sellam
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bouillot
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coussieu
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basdevant
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerre-Millo
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lacasa
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clement
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology*; D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000201:enzymology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012016:Reference Values; D013851:Thinness; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S