Effects of iodine on global gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
It is well documented that iodine kills microorganisms with a broad spectrum, but a systematic study of its mechanism of action has not yet been reported. Here we found the action of iodine on gene expression level, using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a DNA microarray. It was found that, like antimicrobial activity, iodine causes an immediate and dose-dependent (0.5 mM, 0.75 mM and 1 mM) transcriptional alteration in yeast cells. The effects of iodine continued after the first immediate response. Genes for c-compound and carbohydrate metabolism, for energy, and for cell rescue were continuously up-regulated. On the other hand, genes related to protein fate were induced especially at 0.5 h. The gene expression profile at 0.5 h was significantly different from that of a longer iodine exposed condition. The main reaction at 0.5 h after iodine addition might be due to oxidative toxicity, and the profile at 0.5 h was similar to that of an agricultural bactericide.
Kitagawa
Emiko
E
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan.
Akama
Kuniko
K
Iwahashi
Hitoshi
H
D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D007455:Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D007455:Iodine