title: Lecithin-based microemulsion of a peptide for oral administration: preparation, characterization, and physical stability of the formulation.
abstract: The objective of our study was to prepare and characterize a stable microemulsion formulation for oral administration of a peptide, e.g., rh-insulin. The microemulsions were prepared using Labrafil M 1944 CS, Phospholipon 90G (lecithin), absolute alcohol, and bidistilled water. Commercially available soybean lecithins (namely, Phospholipon 80, phosphatidylcholine purity 76 +/- 3%, and Phospholipon 90G, phosphatidylcholine purity 93 +/- 3%) were used in the study. The results showed that the phase diagram obtained using a low purity lecithin was not similar to that obtained with a high purity lecithin. We observed that the microemulsion area was wider at the phase diagram obtained with the higher purity lecithin. We found that the extent of the microemulsion region depended upon both the purity of the lecithin and the surfactant/co-surfactant (s/co-s) mixing ratios (K(m)). The rheological studies showed that microemulsions followed a Newtonian behavior. Such physical characteristics as viscosity, turbidity, density, conductivity, refractive index, droplet size, physical appearance, and phase separation of the microemulsion were measured at different temperatures (4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 40 degrees C) during 6 months. The results indicated that the physical characteristics of the developed microemulsions did not change under different storage temperatures (p > 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cilek
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tirnaksiz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D012212:Rheology; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines