title: Neuro-ophthalmologic presentations of hemicrania continua.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a series of patients with hemicrania continua, a rare indomethacin-responsive primary headache syndrome, who presented for evaluation with neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients between the ages of 29 and 58 years were seen with various neuro-ophthalmologic findings and a unilateral continuous headache. A detailed history was taken from each patient, followed by a focused ophthalmologic and neurologic examination. The risks and benefits of treatment with indomethacin were discussed. Patients were instructed to call after several days of treatment to report any change in their headache and neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms, in addition to any adverse side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients responded favorably to indomethacin, with rapid near-complete or complete resolution of headache and autonomic symptoms, and treatment was initiated as early as possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of its absolute response to indomethacin, recognizing the neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms of hemicrania continua as a component of the headache syndrome is critical for prompt initiation of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Yanina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kostina-O'Neil
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lesser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D051270:Headache Disorders, Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007213:Indomethacin