title: Risk factors for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation has proposed a new grading system for primary graft dysfunction based on the ratio of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen measured within 48 hours after lung transplantation. Worsening primary graft dysfunction grade is associated with increased operative mortality rates and decreased long-term survival. This study evaluated donor and recipient risk factors for postoperative International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3 primary graft dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed donor and recipient medical records of 402 consecutive lung transplantations performed between 1992 and 2004. We calculated a worst International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation primary graft dysfunction grade in the first 48 hours postoperatively. Severe primary graft dysfunction (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3) was defined by a ratio of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen of less than 200. Associations of potential risk factors with grade 3 primary graft dysfunction in the first 48 hours postoperatively were examined through bivariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 90-day mortality rate associated with the development of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3 primary graft dysfunction in the first 48 hours postoperatively was 17% versus 9% in the group without grade 3 primary graft dysfunction. Significant bivariate risk factors associated with this end point were increasing donor age, donor smoking history of more than 10 pack-years, early transplantation era (1992-1998), increasing preoperative recipient pulmonary artery pressure, and recipient diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis only recipient pulmonary artery pressure, donor age, and transplantation era were associated with grade 3 primary graft dysfunction in the first 48 hours postoperatively at a P value of less than .05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis of donor and recipient risk factors for severe primary graft dysfunction identified patient groups at high risk for poor outcomes after lung transplantation that might benefit from treatments aimed at reducing reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Minneapolis, Minn, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Whitson
authors.forename: Dilip S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Prekker
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Radosevich
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Herrington
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors