title: Chemical encapsulation of rocuronium by synthetic cyclodextrin derivatives: reversal of neuromuscular block in anaesthetized Rhesus monkeys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At present, reversal of neuromuscular block induced by steroidal neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) is achieved by administration of cholinesterase inhibitors. Chemical encapsulation of steroidal NMBAs, such as rocuronium, by a cyclodextrin is a new concept in neuromuscular block reversal. The present study evaluates the capacity of nine synthetic cyclodextrin derivatives (Org 25288, Org 25289, Org 25467, Org 25168, Org 25169, Org 25555, Org 25166, Org 26142, and Org 25969) to reverse constant neuromuscular block of approximately 90%, induced by rocuronium infusion in the Rhesus monkey, using single twitch stimulation. The ability of these cyclodextrin derivatives to reverse neuromuscular block was compared with the reversal of the same neuromuscular block by the commonly used combination of neostigmine and atropine.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a bolus injection of rocuronium, continuous infusion was started to reduce twitch contractions to approximately 10% of baseline values. After a steady state block of at least 10 min the infusion was stopped and the preparation was allowed to recover spontaneously. This process was repeated, but at the time the infusion was stopped, either one of the nine cyclodextrin derivatives or a combination of neostigmine and atropine was given.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery with cyclodextrin derivatives Org 26142 and Org 25969 was faster than after a combination of neostigmine and atropine (P<0.05). Injection of these cyclodextrin derivatives did not affect blood pressure or heart rate. Signs of residual block or recurarization were not observed in any of these experiments. In the experiments in which a combination of neostigmine and atropine was given, two animals showed signs of abdominal discomfort as frequently seen after the administration of neostigmine and significant changes in circulatory variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemical encapsulation or chelation of rocuronium is a new concept in reversing neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, The Netherlands. HD.de.Boer@mzh.nl
authors.forename: H D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Egmond
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van de Pol
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bom
authors.forename: L H D J
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Booij
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077123:Rocuronium; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D009388:Neostigmine; D001285:Atropine; D000077123:Rocuronium