title: Evaluation of resin adhesion to zirconia ceramic using some organosilanes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated and compared the effect of three trialkoxysilane coupling agents on the bond strength of a Bis-GMA-based unfilled resin and a dimethacrylate-based resin composite luting cement to a zirconia ceramics (Procera AllZircon, Nobel Biocare, Göteborg, Sweden).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six square-shaped zirconia specimens were used for each test group, a total of 72 specimens. The specimens in each group were all assigned to air-borne alumina particle abrasion followed by tribochemical silica-coating and silanization with 1 vol% solutions of 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, or 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane in an ethanol-water mixture. The sample stubs were made of a Bis-GMA/MMA/DMAEMA resin or a commercial resin composite luting cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). They were bonded to the conditioned and silanized silica-coated zirconia specimens using polyethylene molds. All specimens were tested at dry and thermo-cycled (6000, 5-55 degrees C, 30 s) conditions. The shear bond strength of resin stubs to zirconia was measured in a universal testing machine (cross-head speed 1 mm/min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In dry conditions, the highest shear bond strength was 9.7 MPa (S.D. 3.3 MPa), and for thermo-cycled samples 7.4 MPa (S.D. 2.4 MPa) was obtained with RelyX ARC cement with 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. In general, thermo-cycling decreased the bond strengths significantly for the Bis-GMA resin (ANOVA, p < 0.005). The resin, cement and silanes differed significantly silanes (ANOVA, p < 0.005). All samples silanized with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane de-bonded during thermo-cycling. De-bonding was dominantly due to adhesive failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bonding of the experimental resin and commercial cement to silica-coated zirconia is effective with 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, but not with 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane.
authors.affiliation: NIOM-Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, PO Box 70, NO-1305 Haslum, Norway. jumatin@utu.fi
authors.forename: Jukka P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Matinlinna
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: Mutlu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozcan
authors.forename: Lippo V J
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013500:Surface Tension; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: C074230:MDP adhesion promoting monomer; D008689:Methacrylates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D015040:Zirconium; C028541:zirconium oxide