title: High serum homocysteine levels in young male schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients with tardive parkinsonism and/or tardive dyskinesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of neuroleptic-induced tardive movement disorders (TMD), including tardive parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia (TD), has not yet been established. An elevated serum level of total homocysteine has been implicated as a risk factor for various neuropathologic states and some movement disorders. The aim of our study was to determine whether there is an association between serum total homocysteine level and the presence of TMD among schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in Be'er Sheva Mental Health Center from August 2002 to May 2004. Fifty-eight patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV) and TMD for at least 1 year (38 men, 20 women; age range, 28-73 years) were compared to a control group of 188 patients with DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder without TMD (123 men, 65 women; age range, 19-66 years) regarding serum total homocysteine levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with TMD (demonstrating tardive parkinsonism and/or TD) had significantly higher mean serum total homocysteine levels compared to sex- and age group-matched controls. The difference between groups was almost entirely attributable to the homocysteine levels of young male patients (age group, 19-40 years old) with TMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High serum total homocysteine level may constitute a risk factor for certain variants of TMD, especially in young schizophrenic or schizo-affective male patients. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify these findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, 84170 Israel.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Chanoch
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miodownik
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaptsan
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vishne
authors.forename: Ben-Ami
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sela
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006710:Homocysteine