title: Pea seed mitochondria are endowed with a remarkable tolerance to extreme physiological temperatures.
abstract: Most seeds are anhydrobiotes, relying on an array of protective and repair mechanisms, and seed mitochondria have previously been shown to harbor stress proteins probably involved in desiccation tolerance. Since temperature stress is a major issue for germinating seeds, the temperature response of pea (Pisum sativum) seed mitochondria was examined in comparison with that of mitochondria from etiolated epicotyl, a desiccation-sensitive tissue. The functional analysis illustrated the remarkable temperature tolerance of seed mitochondria in response to both cold and heat stress. The mitochondria maintained a well-coupled respiration between -3.5 degrees C and 40 degrees C, while epicotyl mitochondria were not efficient below 0 degrees C and collapsed above 30 degrees C. Both mitochondria exhibited a similar Arrhenius break temperature at 7 degrees C, although they differed in phospholipid composition. Seed mitochondria had a lower phosphatidylethanolamine-to-phosphatidylcholine ratio, fewer unsaturated fatty acids, and appeared less susceptible to lipid peroxidation. They also accumulated large amounts of heat shock protein HSP22 and late-embryogenesis abundant protein PsLEAm. The combination of membrane composition and stress protein accumulation required for desiccation tolerance is expected to lead to an unusually wide temperature tolerance, contributing to the fitness of germinating seeds in adverse conditions. The unique oxidation of external NADH at low temperatures found with several types of mitochondria may play a central role in maintaining energy homeostasis during cold shock, a situation often encountered by sessile and ectothermic higher plants.
authors.affiliation: Siberian Institute for Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stupnikova
authors.forename: Abdelilah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benamar
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tolleter
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grelet
authors.forename: Genadii
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borovskii
authors.forename: Albert-Jean
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dorne
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macherel
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D018525:Germination; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012639:Seeds / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; C096801:HSP22 protein, plant; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D010743:Phospholipids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D009243:NAD