title: Establishment of polarity during organization of the acentrosomal plant cortical microtubule array.
abstract: The plant cortical microtubule array is a unique acentrosomal array that is essential for plant morphogenesis. To understand how this array is organized, we exploited the microtubule (+)-end tracking activity of two Arabidopsis EB1 proteins in combination with FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching) experiments of GFP-tubulin to examine the relationship between cortical microtubule array organization and polarity. Significantly, our observations show that the majority of cortical microtubules in ordered arrays, within a particular cell, face the same direction in both Arabidopsis plants and cultured tobacco cells. We determined that this polar microtubule coalignment is at least partially due to a selective stabilization of microtubules, and not due to a change in microtubule polymerization rates. Finally, we show that polar microtubule coalignment occurs in conjunction with parallel grouping of cortical microtubules and that cortical array polarity is progressively enhanced during array organization. These observations reveal a novel aspect of plant cortical microtubule array organization and suggest that selective stabilization of dynamic cortical microtubules plays a predominant role in the self-organization of cortical arrays.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cyr
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism*; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C483461:EB1 protein, Arabidopsis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014404:Tubulin