title: Composite screener for androgen deficiency related to the Aging Males' Symptoms scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methodological characteristics of the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale point towards a high standard measurement and comparison of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time or intervention. However, the scale was neither developed nor standardized as a screening instrument for androgen deficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of the Austrian ANDROX study suggested to develop a composite screener for androgen deficiency based on AMS, age, and BMI, to determine sensitivity and specificity to detect low total testosterone (TT) levels. The findings were compared with those of an independent sample of urological patients with suspicion of androgen deficiency (AD) from Germany (n = 803).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A graphical solution for a composite-screening tool was proposed, with three levels of suspicion for AD: positive screening result (high suspicion), equivocal result, and negative screening result (no suspicion, AD unlikely). The percentage of TT values < 4 ng/ml were 18.7%, 40.7% and 58.8% in the three categories: negative, equivocal and positive, respectively. The findings were confirmed in the independent German sample. In both instances, neither sensitivity nor specificity was very high, i.e., between about 50% and 75%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the development and initial validation of the new screener are promising. Further information, and experience from the practice, is needed to confirm or refute the hypothesis that this screener is a useful tool for medical practice.
authors.affiliation: Urological Clinic of the University of Vienna, Medical School, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratzik
authors.forename: L A J
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: D Minh
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rücklinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D013739:Testosterone / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone