title: Suture strength and angle of load application in a suture anchor eyelet.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of suture material, anchor orientation, and anchor eyelet design on the static loading properties of suture anchors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biomechanical bench study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two metallic suture anchors, Mitek GII (Mitek, Westwood, MA) and Corkscrew (Arthrex, Naples, FL) and a bioabsorbable anchor (Biocorkscrew; Arthrex) were tested with single strand of No. 2 Ethibond (Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) or No. 2 FiberWire (Arthrex) suture. Suture pull angle was varied through 0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees with the anchor rotation angle in either a sagittal or coronal plane. Constructs were tested to failure using an MTS 858 Bionix testing machine (Material Testing Systems, Eden Prairie, MN). Peak loads, stiffness, energy to peak load, and failure modes were determined for all samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FiberWire showed superior static mechanical properties when compared with single-strand Ethibond over all testing conditions (P < .05). Suture pull angle had a significant effect on load to failure with both metallic anchors but not on the bioabsorbable anchor (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suture pull angle and anchor rotation angle play an important role in the failure load of suture when placed in an eyelet. The polyaxial nature of the Biocorkscrew eyelet allows for increased degrees of freedom but introduces failure of the suture eyelet as a new failure mode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The loading direction and placement of the suture anchor plays a role in the performance of the suture anchor-suture complex.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of New South Wales, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deakin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.forename: Warwick
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals; D011091:Polyesters; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D012399:Rotation; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013537:Sutures; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C014534:Ethibond; D008670:Metals; D011091:Polyesters; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates