title: Cyclooxygenase-1 deficiency in bone marrow cells increases early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E- and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis and is expressed by the major cell types of atherosclerotic lesions. COX-1-mediated platelet thromboxane (TX) production has been proposed to promote both early atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Here, we examined the impact of COX-1 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells on early atherogenesis in the mouse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LDL receptor (LDLR)(-/-) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)(-/-) recipient mice were lethally irradiated and transplanted with COX-1(-/-) bone marrow. Mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow had nearly complete (99.7%) loss of platelet TXA2 and significantly suppressed levels of macrophage and urinary TXA2 metabolites. Serum lipid levels and lipoprotein distributions did not differ between recipients reconstituted with COX-1(+/+) and COX-1(-/-) marrow. Surprisingly, the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in both LDLR(-/-) and apoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow was increased significantly compared with control mice transplanted with COX-1(+/+) marrow. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from LDLR(-/-) mice reconstituted with COX-1(-/-) marrow had increased lipopolysaccharide-induced levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. Fetal liver cell transplantation studies revealed a 30% increase in atherosclerosis in COX-1(-/-)-->LDLR(-/-)mice compared with COX-1(+/+)-->LDLR(-/-)mice, whereas the extent of atherosclerosis was unchanged in COX-1(-/-)/COX-2(-/-)-->LDLR(-/-)mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-1 deficiency in bone marrow-derived cells worsens early atherosclerosis in apoE(-/-) and LDLR(-/-) mice despite virtual elimination of platelet TX production. These data demonstrate that platelet TX production does not aggravate early atherosclerotic lesion formation and that upregulation of COX-2 expression in COX-1(-/-) macrophages is proatherogenic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. vladimir.babaev@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Vladimir R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Babaev
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Breyer
authors.forename: Sudhansu K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: MacRae F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Linton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000172:deficiency*; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1