title: Novel urothelium specific gene expression identified by differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding the molecular basis of differential gene expression among different tissues at various developmental stages and in neoplastic transformation is an important biological goal. The potential clinical applications of this improved understanding are more precise diagnosis of disease, prediction of prognosis, novel targeted therapies and prediction of response to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to compare gene expression in bovine urothelium to that in autologous lung, esophagus, liver and spleen. Products that appeared to have urothelial specific expression were sequenced and assessed for homology with known sequences. Ribonuclease protection assays were used to further confirm the expression pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 discrete cDNAs were identified, including 3 products from genes known to be urothelium specific in their expression, 16 with significant homology to bovine, human or mouse expressed sequence tags and 5 with no sequence homology to any currently available sequence. Urothelium specific mRNA expression was confirmed for 3 genes by ribonuclease protection assays and one (Udd06) was further characterized as a urea transporter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and other complementary techniques for parallel gene expression analysis will permit the complete characterization of the urothelial transcriptome and help identify potential molecular targets for rationally targeted therapy.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre in Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom. g.hall@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Selby
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Southgate
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chester
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015870:Gene Expression; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019459:Urothelium