title: Acute and chronic electroconvulsive shock in rats: effects on peripheral markers of neuronal injury and glial activity.
abstract: Electroconvulsive therapy is considered one of the most effective treatments of major depression, but controversy still exists on whether it may be brain damaging. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), protein S100B and lactate of rats submitted to acute and chronic models of ECS. Rats were submitted to either one shock (acute) or a series of eight shocks, applied one at every 48 h (chronic). CSF samples were collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after the shock in the acute model and at these same time intervals after the last shock in the chronic model. Both models did not produce significant alterations in the levels of NSE. S100B levels were significantly increased at 6 h in the chronic model (p<0.0001). There was a significant increase in the levels of lactate at 0 h in both models (p<0.001). These results support the proposition that ECS does not produce neural damage, and suggest that the alterations in the levels of S100B and lactate may reflect an astrocytic activity of a protective nature.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. joaovi@terra.com.br
authors.forename: João Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Busnello
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leke
authors.forename: Jean Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Oses
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feier
authors.forename: Ricardos
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruch
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapczinski
authors.forename: Diogo O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Luis Valmor
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Cruz Portela
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579158:S100b protein, rat; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase