title: Comparison of antioxidant enzymes in saliva of elderly smokers and non-smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the levels of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), peroxidase (POx) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in saliva of smokers and those in saliva of non-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 88 elderly males (65 years old or over) who visited a private dental clinic. Forty-four subjects were current smokers (more than 20 cigarettes daily for at least 30 years) and 44 were non-smokers. The levels of salivary thiocyanate, Cu/Zn SOD, GSH-Px, and POx activity were measured using standard procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean levels of salivary thiocyanate (SCN(-)) and SOD were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group, whereas the specific activity levels of POx and GSH-Px were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the non-smoking group than in the smoking group. Significant correlation coefficients were found between the levels of SCN(-) and SOD (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). In the non-smoking group, a significant positive association was found between specific activity of POx and age (r = 0.33, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of SCN(-) and Cu/Zn SOD in human saliva might be useful for estimating the level of oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke. Despite increased H2O2 level as a defense system induced by SOD, detoxification of H2O2 might be deteriorated in the oral cavity of elderly smokers.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Conservation Dentistry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanehira
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashiwazaki
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase