title: ERCP findings in idiopathic pancreatitis: patients who are cystic fibrosis gene positive and negative.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our series of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis (IP) found a cystic fibrosis (CF) gene abnormality in 19% compared with 3.5% in patients without pancreatitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine whether the CF gene predicts more severe ERP findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1998 to August 2004, CF gene analysis was performed in 819 patients with IP via Genzyme Genetics. The panel tests for 70 to 87 alleles and has a detection rate of more than 90% of the cases. Sixty-nine patients (8.4%) who had at least one CF gene positive mutation were the study cohort. A total of 218 patients with IP and negative CF gene mutation were randomly selected from our database to be in the control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatograms were evaluated for chronic pancreatitis (CP) based on Cambridge criteria. The results of the gene analysis were not available at the time of pancreatogram interpretation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients positive for the CF gene, 42 (61%) were women. The mean age at intervention was 40 years (range 14-80 years), and 48 patients (70%) had cholecystectomy. Among patients who were negative for the CF gene, 147 (67%) were women. The mean age at intervention was 41 years (range 9-89 years), and 125 patients (57%) had cholecystectomy. Compared with controls, cases had higher incidence of CP (62% vs. 48%, p = 0.05), grade III CP (35% vs. 18%, p = 0.004), pseudocysts (12% vs. 4%, p = 0.036) and pancreatic strictures (20% vs. 8%, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limitations of the study were (1) retrospective design and (2) the panel used tests only for 70 to 87 alleles (of approximately, 900 CF transmembrane conductance regulator genes known).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean age at intervention in both groups was similar. CP, grade III CP, pseudocysts, and pancreatic strictures were more common among patients who were CF gene positive.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Waleed M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Alazmi
authors.forename: Evan L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Fogel
authors.forename: Suzette
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McHenry
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Glen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lehman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator