title: Role of 4-hydroxynonenal in the hemozoin-mediated inhibition of differentiation of human monocytes to dendritic cells induced by GM-CSF/IL-4.
abstract: In falciparum malaria, rupture of parasitized RBC liberates hemozoin (HZ), polymerized heme that contains and generates lipoperoxidation products. In HZ and HZ-loaded monocytes 4-HNE attained approx. 50 and 15 microM, respectively. In malaria, HZ-loaded monocytes are precursors of dendritic cells (DC). Here, the role of 4-HNE as inhibitor of DC differentiation was examined. 4-HNE in HZ was quantified after derivatization by HPLC. DC were differentiated in vitro from human monocytes supplemented with GM-CSF/IL-4 and analyzed for surface antigens and 4-HNE-adducts by FACScan after labelling with specific antibodies. HZ-loading, or treatment with 4-HNE induced large numbers of 4-HNE-protein-adducts on the monocyte membrane. As low as 10 nM 4-HNE inhibited up-regulation of functionally important DC differentiation markers. 1 microM 4-HNE elicited inhibition of up-regulation of DC differentiation markers as follows: MHC-class I and II, -29% and -40%; CD1a, -16%; CD40, -25%; CD54, -27%; and CD83 (the most important DC differentiation marker), -45%, with no signs of apoptosis. The sequence of additions was important, as the inhibitory effect was reduced when 4-HNE was added after GM-CSF/IL-4, indicating that GM-CSF/IL-4 receptors could be modified by 4-HNE. In conclusion, inhibition of DC differentiation by 4-HNE may play a role in malaria immunodepression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Oleksii
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Skorokhod
authors.forename: Evelin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schwarzer
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grune
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arese
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000378:metabolism; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000187:drug effects; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4 / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D006420:Hemeproteins; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D019948:Receptors, Interleukin-4; D015847:Interleukin-4; C020753:hemozoin; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal