title: Effects of low-level laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that mechanical forces combined with low-level laser therapy stimulate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a double blind, randomized placebo/control matched pairs clinical trial to test the efficacy of GaAlAs low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on 12 young adult patients who required retraction of maxillary canines into first premolar extraction spaces using tension coil springs with fixed edgewise appliance. LLLT was applied on the mucosa buccally, distally and palatally to the canine on the test side and using a pseudo-application on the placebo side. Dental impressions and casts were made at the commencement of the trial and at the end of the first, second and third months after starting the trial. Measurement of tooth movements was made on each stage model using a stereo microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference of means of the canine distal movement between the LLLT side and the placebo side for any time periods (p-value = 0.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The energy density of LLLT (GaAlAs) at the surface level in this study (25 J/cm(2)) was probably too low to express either stimulatory effect or inhibitory effect on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
authors.affiliation: Morthai Dental Clinic, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand. lwanwisa@yahoo.com
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Limpanichkul
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srisuk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rattanayatikul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum; D001151:Arsenic; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003481:Cuspid / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005708:Gallium; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D003765:Models, Dental; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010919:Placebos; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D005708:Gallium; D000535:Aluminum; D001151:Arsenic