title: Oxidative stress is not required for the induction of apoptosis upon glutamine starvation of Sp2/0-Ag14 hybridoma cells.
abstract: L-glutamine (Gln) withdrawal rapidly triggers apoptosis in the murine hybridoma cell line Sp2/0-Ag14 (Sp2/0). In this report, we examined the possibility that Gln deprivation of Sp2/0 cells triggers an oxidative stress which would contribute to the activation of apoptotic pathways. Gln withdrawal triggered an oxidative stress in Sp2/0 cells, as indicated by an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an increase in the intracellular content in protein carbonyl groups. Gln starvation also caused a decrease in the intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH). However, a decrease in GSH was not sufficient to induce Sp2/0 cell death since reducing GSH levels with DL-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine did not affect cell viability. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), while effective in inhibiting ROS accumulation and oxidative stress, did not prevent the loss in cell viability or the processing and activation of caspase-3 triggered by Gln starvation. On the other hand, NAC did reduce the formation of apoptotic bodies in dying cells. Altogether these results indicate that in Sp2/0 cells, Gln deprivation leads to the induction of an oxidative stress which, while involved in the formation of apoptotic bodies, is not essential to the activation of the cell death program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ont., Canada P3E 2C6.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Guérin
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furtak
authors.forename: Kellton
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gauthier
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004996:Ethidium / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000172:deficiency*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005973:Glutamine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; D020169:Caspases; D004996:Ethidium; D000165:Acridine Orange; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine