title: Monoamine oxidase A activity and norepinephrine level in hippocampus determine hyperwheel running in SPORTS rats.
abstract: An understanding of neurological mechanisms for wheel running by rodents, especially with high exercise activity, would be applicable to a strategy for promotion of exercise motivation in humans. One of several brain regions that are candidates for the regulation of physical exercise is the hippocampus. Here we examined the running activity of Spontaneously-Running-Tokushima-Shikoku (SPORTS) rat, a new animal model for high levels of wheel-running activity, and its relation with the hippocampal norepinephrine (NE) system including the levels of NE, adrenergic receptors, and degradation enzymes for monoamines. In the hippocampus of SPORTS rats, the level of NE in extracellular fluid was augmented, whereas the level in the homogenate of the whole tissue was decreased even for sedentary conditions. Elevated extracellular NE caused downregulation of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the hippocampus of SPORTS rats. Local administration of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine, but not of alpha(2)-agonist clonidine, into the hippocampus suppressed high running activity in SPORTS rats. The protein expression and the activity levels of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a critical enzyme for the degradation of NE, were decreased in the hippocampus of SPORTS rats to increase extracellular NE level. Thus, inhibition of oxidase activity in normal Wistar rats markedly increased wheel-running activity. These results indicate that decreased MAOA activity, elevation of extracellular NE, and alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors in the hippocampus determine the neural basis of the psychological regulation of exercise behavior in SPORTS rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: Nagakatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seno
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakaya
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017551:Microdialysis; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D058669:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D009638:Norepinephrine