Phase I/II trial assessing bortezomib and melphalan combination therapy for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
OBJECTIVE
Bortezomib has shown synergy with melphalan in preclinical models. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and response rate in a dose-escalation study of this combination for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients.


METHODS
Bortezomib was administered from 0.7 to 1.0 mg/m(2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 28-day cycle for up to eight cycles. Oral melphalan was administered in escalating doses from 0.025 to 0.25 mg/kg on days 1 to 4.


RESULTS
Thirty-five patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma were enrolled, 34 of whom were assessable for response. Dose-limiting toxicity of grade 4 neutropenia in two of six patients in the highest dose cohort led to the assignment of bortezomib 1.0 mg/m2 and melphalan 0.10 mg/kg as the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). Responses (minimal [MR], partial [PR], or complete [CR]) occurred in 23 of 34 patients (68%), including two CRs (6%), three immunofixation-positive CRs (9%), 11 PRs (32%), and seven MRs (21%). Responses were observed in five of six assessable patients (83%) at the MTD. Median progression-free survival for all patients was 8 months (range, 2 to 18 months). Grade > or = 3 toxicities were related mostly to myelosuppression. Among the 15 patients with grade 1/2 neuropathy at baseline, it resolved during treatment in one, worsened in four, and remained stable in 10 patients. Eight other patients developed grade 1/2 neuropathy during the study.


CONCLUSIONS
Bortezomib plus melphalan given on a 28-day schedule showed encouraging activity with manageable toxicity and represents a promising treatment for myeloma patients.
Berenson
James R
JR
Oncotherapeutics Inc, West Hollywood, CA, USA. jberenson@myelomasource.org
Yang
Hank H
HH
Sadler
Karen
K
Jarutirasarn
Supol G
SG
Vescio
Robert A
RA
Mapes
Russell
R
Purner
Matthew
M
Lee
Shi-pyng
SP
Wilson
Joanna
J
Morrison
Blake
B
Adams
Julian
J
Schenkein
David
D
Swift
Regina
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069286:Bortezomib; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D001897:Boronic Acids; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib; D008558:Melphalan