title: Thiorphan, tiopronin, and related analogs as substrates and inhibitors of peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM).
abstract: Peptidyglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase is a copper- and zinc-dependent, bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of glycine-extended peptides or N-acylglycines to the corresponding amides and glyoxylate. This reaction is a key step in the biosynthesis of bioactive alpha-amidated peptides and, perhaps, the primary fatty acids amides also. Two clinically useful N-acylglycines are thiorphan and tiopronin, each with a thiol moiety attached to the acyl group. We report here that thiorphan and tiopronin are substrates for PAM, exhibiting relatively low K(M,app) and V(MAX,app) values. The low V(MAX,app) values result, most likely, from a decrease in active PAM.2Cu(II) as the enzyme competes ineffectively with thiorphan and tiopronin for free copper.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620-5250, USA.
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Geoffrey H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: Terrence C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Merkler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats; D015244:Thiorphan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008625:Tiopronin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D003300:Copper; D015244:Thiorphan; D008625:Tiopronin; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C035189:peptidylglycine monooxygenase