title: In vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of endodontic pathogens to calcium hydroxide combined with different vehicles.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] in combination with different vehicles against endodontic pathogens. For such purpose, a broth dilution test was performed. Pastes were prepared with Ca(OH)2 powder and the following vehicles: sterile water, glycerin, camphorated monochlorophenol (CMCP), CMCP + glycerin, polyethyleneglycol and CMCP + polyethyleneglycol. The time required for the pastes to produce negative cultures against the tested microorganisms was recorded and analyzed statistically using the Kruskal Wallis test at 5% significance level. Timing for pastes to eliminate the aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms ranged from 6 to 24 h, while strict anaerobic microorganisms were inhibited within 30 s to 5 min. Microbial susceptibility, ranked from weakest to strongest, can be presented as follows: Enterococcus faecalis (the most resistant microorganism), Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella intermedia (the last two microorganisms required the same time to be eliminated). In conclusion, calcium hydroxide pastes needed more time to eliminate facultative than anaerobic microorganisms. These findings suggest that the antimicrobial property is related both to paste formulation and to microbial susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Area of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Morgana Eli
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Neylla Teixeira
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Sena
authors.forename: Alexandre Augusto
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaia
authors.forename: Caio Cezar Randi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Souza Filho
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002164:Camphor; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002733:Chlorophenols; D003788:Dental Pulp Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D005990:Glycerol; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D045202:Porphyromonas endodontalis / Q000187:drug effects; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002733:Chlorophenols; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D002164:Camphor; C029804:camphorated parachlorophenol; D005990:Glycerol; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide