title: Principles of uniapical and biapical radial deformity correction using dome osteotomies and the center of rotation of angulation methodology in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the normal anatomic axis of the canine radius in 2 planes (frontal, sagittal), and report the use and efficacy of dome osteotomies for acute correction of canine antebrachial deformities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal antebrachii (n = 20) radiographs were used as a reference, and 7 dogs with 9 radial angular limb deformities that were corrected by use of dome osteotomies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthogonal radiographs of 20 normal antebrachii were used to determine normal ranges of frontal (FPA) and sagittal plane anatomic axes (SPA). Pre and postoperative radiographs of 7 dogs (9 radii) that had surgical correction of radial angular limb deformities by dome osteotomies were reviewed. Success at deformity correction into established normal ranges and to the normal contralateral side, if present, was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal ranges were FPA, 0-8 degrees and SPA, 8-35 degrees . There were 4 biapical and 5 uniapical deformities. FPA and SPA were corrected into normal range in 66% and 78% of affected limbs, respectively; however, only 44% of radii were corrected into normal ranges in both planes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ranges for normal canine radial axes can be used as goals for angular limb correction when there is bilateral angular deformity. The dome osteotomy technique is advantageous in certain conditions for biplanar deformity correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dome osteotomies can be used to correct radial deformities in the frontal and sagittal planes, with certain advantages, but are heavily reliant on appropriate preoperative planning.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65203, USA. foxdb@missouri.edu
authors.forename: Derek B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Breshears
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D005552:Forelimb; D016268:Internal Fixators / Q000662:veterinary; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011859:Radiography; D011884:Radius / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014457:Ulna / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery