title: Targeting tumor angiogenesis with histone deacetylase inhibitors: the hydroxamic acid derivative LBH589.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiogenesis is required for tumor progression and represents a rational target for therapeutic intervention. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to have activity against various tumor cell types by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. HDAC inhibitors have also been reported to inhibit angiogenesis. The goal of this study was to characterize the antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of a recently developed HDAC inhibitor, the hydroxamic derivative LBH589.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the antiangiogenesis activity of LBH589, we did cell cycle analysis, cell proliferation, tube formation, invasion assays in vitro, and Matrigel plug assay in vivo. To determine the antitumor activity of LBH589, we established human prostate carcinoma cell PC-3 xenografts in vivo. To evaluate the effect of LBH589 on endothelial signaling pathways, gene expression, and protein acetylation, we did Western blots and reverse transcription-PCR in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Immunohistochemical analysis was done to evaluate new blood vessel formation in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LBH589 induced acetylation of histone H3 and alpha-tubulin protein in HUVECs. Histone and nonhistone protein acetylation correlated with induction of G(2)-M cell cycle arrest, inhibition of HUVEC proliferation, and viability. Noncytotoxic concentrations of LBH589 inhibited endothelial tube formation, Matrigel invasion, AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, and chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression. In vivo dosing of mice with LBH589 (10 mg/kg/d) reduced angiogenesis and PC-3 tumor growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that LBH589 induces a wide range of effects on endothelial cells that lead to inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. These results support the role of HDAC inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy to target both the tumor and endothelial compartment and warrant the clinical development of these agents in combination with angiogenesis inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building 1M52, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MS 21231, USA.
authors.forename: David Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shabana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabbeer
authors.forename: Yongfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hendrik M W
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Verheul
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salumbides
authors.forename: Tolib
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanni
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atadja
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pili
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007211:Indoles; D007797:Laminin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077767:Panobinostat; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D007211:Indoles; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D014404:Tubulin; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen; D000077767:Panobinostat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3