title: [TNF blockade in rheumatoid arthritis can cause severe fibrosing alveolitis. Six case reports].
abstract: TNF-blockade has been increasingly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the safety is unclear and an increased risk of both tuberculosis and other infections has been identified. Recently severe fibrosing alveolitis has also been reported in RA-patients treated with TNF-blockade. We report a further six RA patients, who during treatment with infliximab or etanercept developed fulminant lung fibrosis with alveolitis. For four of the patients, the fibrosing alveolitis was fatal. All patients were RF positive and above 60 years and five had mild fibrosis associated with RA before TNF-blockade treatment. Duration of TNF-blockade treatment was for three patients only two months and for the other three, 20-51 months. Age above 60 years and previous lung fibrosis appear to be risk factors for developing fibrosing alveolitis in RA patients treated with TNF-blockade.
authors.affiliation: Reumatologiska kliniken, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tengstrand
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ernestam
authors.forename: Inga-Lill
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Engvall
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rydvald
authors.forename: Ingiäld
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hafström
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000068800:Etanercept; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012307:Risk Factors; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept