title: ADAMTS5-mediated aggrecanolysis in murine epiphyseal chondrocyte cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aggrecan degradation by aggrecanases [a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-like motifs (ADAMTS) 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15] is considered to initiate much of the cartilage pathology seen in human arthritis, however, the proteinase responsible and its mode of control is unclear. The present work was done to examine mechanisms of aggrecanase control in a novel murine epiphyseal cell system and to determine whether ADAMTS5 alone is responsible for aggrecanolysis by these cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epiphyseal cells from 4-day-old mice (wild type, TS-5 (-/-), CD44(-/-), syndecan-1(-/-), membrane type-4 matrix metalloproteinase [MT4MMP(-/-)]) were maintained in non-adherent aggregate cultures and aggrecanolysis studied by biochemical and histochemical methods. Confocal immunolocalization analyses were done with specific probes for ADAMTS5, hyaluronan (HA) and aggrecanase-generated fragments of aggrecan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aggrecanolysis by these cells was specifically aggrecanase-mediated and it occurred spontaneously without the need for addition of catabolic stimulators. Chondrocytes from ADAMTS5-null mice were aggrecanase-inactive whereas all other mutant cells behaved as wild type in this regard suggesting that ADAMTS5 activity is not controlled by CD44, syndecan-1 or MT4MMP in this system. Immunohistochemical analysis supported the central role for ADAMTS5 in the degradative pathway and indicated that aggrecanolysis occurs primarily in the HA-poor pericellular region in these cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with published in vivo studies showing that single-gene ADAMTS5 ablation confers significant protection on cartilage in murine arthritis. We propose that this culture system and the analytical approaches described provide a valuable framework to further delineate the expression, activity and control of ADAMTS-mediated aggrecanolysis in human arthritis.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fosang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plaas
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sandy
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins; D053674:Aggrecans; D000818:Animals; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000378:metabolism*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D053668:Syndecan-1; D053667:Syndecans
chemical_list: C508320:Acan protein, mouse; D053674:Aggrecans; C476399:Cd44 protein, mouse; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; C508241:SDC1 protein, human; C508242:Sdc1 protein, mouse; D053668:Syndecan-1; D053667:Syndecans; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; C498537:Mmp17 protein, mouse