title: Physical friction is under-recognized as an irritant that can cause or contribute to contact dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of physical friction as an irritant in the causation of contact dermatitis is under-recognized. Frictional dermatitis is defined as an eczematous process in which physical frictional trauma contributes to the induction of a dermatitis process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the clinical background of patients in whom friction was contributing to dermatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 30-month period during which 2700 new patients were seen, frictional irritancy was identified as playing a role in the dermatosis in 31 cases: in 27 of these, case notes were evaluated for a range of parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical friction was identified as causing or contributing to the dermatitis in 18 men and nine women, mean age at onset 42 years. The hands, usually the fingers of the dominant hand, were affected in all but two cases. Occupational frictional activities were found in 25 cases: commonly handling small metal components, paper, cardboard or fabric, and driving. Potential frictional activities in hobbies were noted in 12 cases. Wet work irritancy contributed in four cases (15%). Patch testing showed relevant contact allergies as cofactors in seven of 25 subjects tested (26%). Psoriasis was a cofactor in four (15%), and atopic dermatitis in 11. The study was selective, being based in a teaching hospital clinic with a special interest in contact dermatitis. Frictional irritancy is often one of several factors contributing to dermatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contribution of friction to contact dermatitis is under-recognized probably because dermatologists do not think about the potential for physical forces to induce eczematous changes in the skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McMullen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gawkrodger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017276:Friction; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries*