title: Differential expressions of aquaporin proteins in human cholestatic liver diseases.
abstract: Aquaporins (AQPs) are the channel forming membranous proteins involved in the biliary physiological homeostasis. Recently, we have reported the heterogeneous expression of AQPs in intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells or cholangiocytes in mice. However, the involvements of AQPs in hepatobiliary disorder are still unclear. Thus, we hypothesized that the AQP protein expressions are altered in human cholestatic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The AQP expressions of the immortalized human cholangiocytes cell line (H69) were assessed by immunoblotting. The expression of AQPs in liver biopsy specimens from various human cholestatic diseases as well as viral hepatitis were evaluated immunohistochemically. The degrees of staining were classified into four grades by comparison with staining intensity from controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AQP1 expression, predominantly membranous, was confirmed by immunoblotting analysis. However, the other subtypes of AQP expression were not detected. In human pathological tissues, AQP1 expression by interlobular bile ducts was similar to normal and viral hepatitis, although this expression was attenuated according to bile duct injuries in PBC. On the contrary, the AQP1 expression by proliferating bile ductile (equivalent for small cholangiocytes) was enhanced. In intrahepatic cholestasis, AQP1 expressions were diminished, which was further associated with the aberrant expressions by periportal hepatocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AQP1 was expressed intensely in smaller proliferating bile ducts in human cholestatic liver disease. Also, the AQP1 expression was decreased in injured duct cells undergoing degeneration in PBC. The AQP1 expression was decreased in intrahepatic cholestasis probably due to negative feed back of the decreased bile flow. The role of AQP expression profiles may help the understanding of the pathogenesis of human cholestatic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo, Aobaku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moritoki
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamagiwa
authors.forename: Noriatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa