title: The benzamide MS-275 is a potent, long-lasting brain region-selective inhibitor of histone deacetylases.
abstract: The association of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproate (VPA) with atypical antipsychotics has become a frequent treatment strategy for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Because the VPA doses administered are elevated, one cannot assume that the benefits of the VPA plus antipsychotic treatment are exclusively related to the covalent modifications of nucleosomal histone tails. We compared the actions of N-(2-aminophenyl)-4-[N-(pyridin-3-yl-methoxycarbonyl)aminomethyl]benzamide derivative (MS-275), which is a potent HDAC inhibitor in vitro, with the actions of VPA for their ability to (i) increase the acetylated status of brain nucleosomal histone tail domains and (ii) to regulate brain histone-RELN and histone-GAD(67) promoter interactions. MS-275 increases the content of acetylhistone 3 (Ac-H3) in the frontal cortex. Whereas this response peaks after a s.c. injection of 15 micromol/kg, the increase in Ac-H3 content in the hippocampus becomes significant only after an injection of 60 micromol/kg, suggesting that MS-275 is 30- to 100-fold more potent than VPA in increasing Ac-H3 in these brain regions. In contrast to VPA, MS-275, in doses up to 120 micromol/kg, fails to increase Ac-H3 content in the striatum. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows that MS-275 increases Ac-H3-RELN and Ac-H3-GAD(67) promoter interaction in the frontal cortex. These results suggest that MS-275 is a potent brain region-selective HDAC inhibitor. It is likely that, in addition to MS-275, other benzamide derivatives, such as sulpiride, are brain-region selective inhibitors of HDACs. Hence, some benzamide derivatives may express a greater efficacy than VPA as an adjunctive to antipsychotics in the treatment of epigenetically induced psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Simonini
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maloku
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veldic
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guidotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000091042:Reelin Protein; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D015816:Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal; D002843:Chromatin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; D000091042:Reelin Protein; C118739:entinostat; D004247:DNA; C000717128:Reln protein, mouse; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases