title: Extraction and chromatographic separation of anticarcinogenic fractions from cacao bean husk.
abstract: The utilization of cacao bean husk (CBH), a by-product of chocolate manufacture, would be both environmentally and economically beneficial. For this purpose, a process for effectively separating and fractionating CBH fractions having cancer preventive potential was developed in this study. For screening the fractions with potent cancer preventive activity, we examined the effect of extracts and fractions of CBH on the inhibition of gap-junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and the DNA synthesis of cancer cells, both of which are characteristics of the promotion and progression stages in carcinogenesis. The extracts of CBH (especially, the 60% ethanol fraction after extraction with 50% acetone) containing 43 wt.% polyphenol exerted an excellent protective effect on H2O2-induced inhibition of GJIC in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells as determined by the scrape-loading/dye transfer assay. The enhancement of GJIC by the extracts of CBH was approximately 10-fold higher than that of a well-known dietary chemopreventive component, vitamin C. The extracts of CBH (especially, the 60% ethanol fraction) also suppressed DNA synthesis in all liver, stomach, and colon cancer cells as demonstrated by the ;3H-thymidine incorporation assay, by approximately four-fold higher than that of vitamin C. These results imply that the polyphenol extracts and fractions of CBH are effective functional materials to be used in either preventing or inhibiting cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun-Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Nam Joo
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyoung Heon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyong Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide