title: A new biodegradable polyester elastomer for cartilage tissue engineering.
abstract: The objective of this study is to assess whether a new biodegradable elastomer, poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) (POC), would be a suitable material to engineer elastomeric scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Porous POC scaffolds were prepared via the salt-leaching method and initially assessed for their ability to rapidly recover from compressive deformation (% recovery ratio). Controls consisted of scaffolds made from other materials commonly used in cartilage tissue engineering, including 2% agarose, 4% alginate, non woven poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) meshes, and non woven poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) meshes. Articular chondrocytes from bovine knee were isolated and seeded onto porous disk-shaped POC scaffolds, which were subsequently cultured in vitro for up to 28 days. POC scaffolds completely recover from compressive deformation, and the stress-strain curve is typical of an elastomer (recovery ratio>98%). Agarose gel (2%) scaffolds broke during the compression test. The recovery ratio of 4% alginate gel scaffolds, PLLA, and PGA were 72, 85, and 88%, respectively. The Young's modulus of POC-chondrocyte constructs and cell-free POC scaffolds cultured for 28 days were 12.02+/-2.26 kPa and 3.27+/-0.72 kPa, respectively. After 28 days of culture, the recovery ratio of POC-chondrocyte constructs and cell-free POC scaffolds were 93% and 99%, respectively. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content at day 28 was 36% and 26% of that found in bovine knee cartilage explants. Histology/immunohistochemistry evaluations confirm that chondrocytes were able to attach to the pore walls within the scaffold, maintain cell phenotype, and form a cartilaginous tissue during the 28 days of culture.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sadiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anissian
authors.forename: Guillermo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ameer
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D019245:Compressive Strength; D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002951:Citrates; D020724:Elastomers; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C513817:poly(1,8-octanediol citrate); D003094:Collagen