title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in frying oils and snacks.
abstract: The high incidence of lung cancer observed among Chinese women has been associated with exposure to fumes from cooking oil. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of potentially mutagenic substances emitted from cooking oils heated at high temperatures. The objective of this study was to investigate whether deep frying with different oils under different conditions leads to the development of PAHs either in the oil or in the fried product (snacks). PAH analysis was carried out with solid-phase extraction followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrofluorometric detection. Different oils were used to fry chips and extruded snacks in different industrial plants (continuous frying) at temperatures between 170 and 205 degrees C, and peanut oil was used to fry French fries and fish (discontinuous frying) at temperatures between 160 and 185 degrees C. No appreciable differences in PAH load was observed in the same oil before and after frying. Both before and after frying, the benzo[a]pyrene concentration in oils ranged from trace to 0.7 ppb. All the analyzed samples, including oils from fried snacks, had benzo[a]pyrene concentrations well below the 2 ppb limit recently proposed by the European Community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Marangoni 97, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Purcaro
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Navas
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.forename: Lanfranco S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moret
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons