title: Conjugated linoleic acid attenuates cyclooxygenase-2 transcriptional activity via an anti-AP-1 mechanism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
abstract: Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is regarded as a causative factor in the onset of tumorigenesis of the breast. In this study, we investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on COX-2 transcription in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Results of transient transfection studies revealed that treatment with a CLA mix or selected isomers (c9, t11-CLA; t10, c12-CLA) at concentrations ranging from 20 to 80 micromol/L, attenuated COX-2 transcription induced by the proinflammatory agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In addition, the CLA mix inhibited TPA-induced activity of the collagenase-1 promoter. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we found that the CLA mix reduced TPA-induced recruitment of nuclear proteins to a cAMP response element (CRE) in the COX-2 promoter and a consensus TPA-responsive element (TRE) in the collagenase-1 promoter. Both CRE and TRE are binding sites for activator protein-1 (AP-1). Binding studies revealed that the t10, c12-CLA isomer was more effective than the CLA mix or c9, t11-CLA in reducing binding of cJun to either the COX-2 CRE or collagenase-1 TRE, whereas linoleic acid increased binding to both elements. Overexpression of the AP-1 member, c-Jun, reversed the inhibitory effects of the CLA mix on COX-2 transcription, and restored binding of nuclear proteins to the CRE and TRE. Collectively, these results suggest that CLA represses AP-1-mediated activation of COX-2 transcription.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Degner
authors.forename: Michael Q
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: G Tim
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Donato F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Romagnolo
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate