title: Rethinking the bystander role in school violence prevention.
abstract: Public concerns about school shootings and safety draw attention to the role bystanders can play in preventing school violence. Although school violence prevention plans are often required, there is little guidance about whether these should address the roles of bystanders and what actions bystanders should take in different circumstances, from more common instances of bullying and fighting to rare, but potentially lethal, threats and use of weapons. Literature pertaining to bystanders is reviewed and applied to the school setting. The definition of bystander is expanded, including parents, teachers, and other school staff as well as youths and those who have information about potential violence as well as those who witness its occurrence. Barriers preventing bystanders from taking positive actions are discussed. The authors call on health promotion researchers and practitioners to work with school communities to identify norms, attitudes, and outcome expectancies that shape bystander behaviors to inform prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: Columbia Center for Youth Violence Prevention; Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University in New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stueve
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tehranifar
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson-Simmons
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Slaby
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Link
mesh_terms: D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D010379:Peer Group; D012574:Schools; D012931:Social Environment; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control*