title: A study of sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic micro organisms causing UTI in Kathmandu valley.
abstract: A retrospective study was conducted in five hospitals to observe the prevalence of organisms causing UTI and their sensitivity to antibiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether, data from five hundred samples of urine from five hospitals in Kathmandu was collected for this study from January 2005 to April 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 244 samples were found to be positive. Altogether six types of organisms were isolated as the causative factors. E. coli (49%), S. aureus, (coagulase positive) (23%), Proteus species (3.6%), Klebsiella (9.71%), Pseudomonas (0.8%) and Citrobacter (2.8%). Analysis of the samples showed that UTI was more common in females of younger age group as compared to males. The common age group for females was 21-30 years, whereas that for males was 31-40 years in all the hospitals except in hospital A, where the maximum number of females was from 31-40 years and males were between 71-80 years. The most common organism to cause UTI was found to be E. coli (49%), followed by S. aureus (23%) and Klebsiella (9.71%). All the organisms causing UTI were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and amoxycillin and ciprofloxacin was found to be least effective. Similarly, in three hospitals, B (88.2%), D (64.7%) and E (65.3%), amoxycillin was found to be most effective, amikacin and gentamycin (92.5%) was most effective in hospital C, and nitrofurantoin in hospital A (78%). The second commonest organism, i.e., S. aureus (23%) was most sensitive to cephalosporin (88.8%) of second generation, followed by nitrofurantoin (77.7%), amikacin (80.6%) and norfloxacin (65.5%). The third common organism, Klebsiella (9.71%) was most sensitive to norfloxacin (75%) and nitrofurantoin (75%). Lastly, Pseudomonas was resistant to all the antibiotics in hospital A, D and E, nil in hospital B and sensitive to amikacin (100%) in hospital C.
authors.affiliation: department of Pharmacology, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu. nisha_venus@hotmail.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bapat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011511:Proteus / Q000187:drug effects; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*