title: Gender differences in emotion regulation and relationships with perceived health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Emotion regulation has been associated with perceived health in rheumatoid arthritis, which is diagnosed three times more often in women than men. Our aim was to examine gender differences in styles of emotion regulation (ambiguity, control, orientation, and expression) and gender-specificity of the associations between emotion regulation and perceived health (psychological well-being, social functioning, physical functioning, and disease activity) in 244 female and 91 male patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Women reported more emotional orientation than men, but did not differ from men with regard to ambiguity, control, and expression. Structural equation modelling showed that relationships between emotion regulation and perceived health were more frequent and stronger for women than men. This held especially for the affective dimension of health, while associations were similar for both women and men with regard to social and physical functioning. Only for women, the association between ambiguity and disease activity was significant, which appeared to be mediated by affective functioning. The observations that women are more emotionally oriented than men and that emotion regulation is more interwoven with psychological health in women than men, support the usefulness of a gender-sensitive approach in research and health care of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Health Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.140, Heidelberglaan 1, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. H.vanMiddendorp@fss.uu.nl
authors.forename: Henriët
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Middendorp
authors.forename: Rinie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geenen
authors.forename: Marjolijn J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sorbi
authors.forename: Joop J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hox
authors.forename: Ad J J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vingerhoets
authors.forename: Lorenz J P
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Doornen
authors.forename: Johannes W J
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands