title: [Diagnosis of osteoporosis occurring in autoimmune thyroid gland disease].
abstract: Osteoporosis or porotic bone is a general, systemic bone disease, which is manifested by fracture as its consequence. The main characteristic of this disease is the loss of bone microarchitecture, bone mass reduction, and its increased fragility. The result, thereof, is susceptibility to fracture. Etiology of osteoporosis is polymorph. Its socio-medical importance is enormous, since there is one osteoporotic fracture every 20 sec. worldwide. Million and six hundred thousand osteoporotic fractures occur annualy throughout the world. Thyroid gland is susceptible to autoimmune reactions that lead to autoimmune diseases, just like many other organs. The autoimmune disorder is a final consequence of a failure, in some instance, within the crucial mechanism of regulation of self tissue tolerance. The main goal is to prove the presence of osteoporosis, its inexpensive and quick diagnostics; to make a distinction among the causes that lead to it. In addition, to indicate the importance of osteoporosis that is caused by normal, metabolic processes which are an inevitable part of ageing. Diagnosis of osteoporosis can be done through laboratory, which is a tiresome, time consuming task. Measurements of BMD could be also performed by using new devices. Osteometers could be constructed on the basis of X-ray photon energy or US. Utilization most contemporary one uses laser beam, and it approximates the distance of additional tissue that also absorbs part of energy changing absorption of the reception unit and thus making the measurement results accurate. In diagnosing BMD by osteometer, one faces with certain difficulties. When axial quantitative CT is used, the value may be falsely lower, because of the loss of energy absorbed by aorta which is often calcified in elderly people. In devices with transversal scanning, of the same nature and technology, a part of the energy is being absorbed by transversal and spinal vertebrals. After the research, one may conclude that the most accurate results can not be achieved. But, this is not considered so important. Values that are to be compared are available anyway. Therapy, if adequate, will show certain improvement which can not be detected even by osteometers. Following the physiatrist treatment, particularly by exercise of muscle strength, the muscle structure will be enhanced and, consequently, a part of pressure will be handled, which would be otherwise taken over by the bone. The movements of the patients will be better in coordinated, which undoubtedly reduces the number of falls and fractures. Results of the research that was conducted at the Clinical Hospital Centre "Dr. Dragisa Misovic" in Belgrade, with over 200 cases, two years, are compatible with literature data. Working with MediTech osteometer DTU ONE that uses ultrasound source in demineralized medium, with indispensable US gel, on constant temperatures, yielded results corresponding to those in patients that were treated by Bisphosphonates, Alphacalcidol and Calcium therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Belgrade City Hall, Belgrade. ivanjsr@eunet.yu
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Radojković
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Radojković
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djurica
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications