title: Ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical emergency intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence, risk factors and the etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in surgical emergency intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted this prospective cohort study in the surgical emergency ICU of Istanbul Medical Faculty between December 1999 and May 2001. We included 100 mechanically ventilated patients in this study. We diagnosed VAP according to the current diagnostic criteria. We identified the etiology of VAP cases by both quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspiration and blood cultures. To analyze the predisposing factors for the development of VAP, we recorded the following variables: age, gender, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, serum albumin level, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) prior to the development of VAP, and underlying diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined the VAP incidence rate as 28%. We found the APACHE II score and the duration of MV to be statistically significant variables for the development of VAP. There were no significant differences regarding age, gender, GCS, SOFA score, albumin level, or underlying diseases for the development of VAP. The isolated bacteria among VAP cases were as follows: Staphylococcus aureus (n=12, 43%), Acinetobacter spp. (n=6, 21%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (n=4, 15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=3, 10.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=3, 10.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common infection, and certain interventions might affect the incidence of VAP. The ICU clinicians should be aware of the risk factors for VAP, which could prove useful in identifying patients at high risk for VAP, and modifying patient care to minimize the risk of VAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Aydin 09100, Turkey. bulentertugrul@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bulent M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ertugrul
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oncu
authors.forename: Atahan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagatay
authors.forename: Nahit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cakar
authors.forename: Cemalettin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertekin
authors.forename: Halit
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozsut
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eraksoy
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calangu
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery