title: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Czech Republic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection has been estimated to range from 60 to 95% in the former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate H. pylori infection prevalence in a representative sample of the Czech population. The second objective was to describe difference of H. pylori prevalence between different social groups of children and adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2509 persons aged 5-100 years, randomly selected out of 30,012 persons of the general population, took part in the study. H. pylori infection was investigated by means of 13C-urea breath test. Breath samples were analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Social and demographic characteristics were based on data from self-completed questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the total Czech population as a standard, we estimated the age-standardized prevalence of H. pylori in males aged 5+ years at 41.9% (95% CI 39.0%, 44.8%) and in females aged 5+ years at 41.4% (95% CI 38.6%, 44.3%) in 2001. Prevalence of H. pylori increased with age but was not related to gender. Children of mothers with basic or lower education, living in crowded accommodations, without access to running warm water, and residing in smaller towns appear to be at the highest risk. Low education and heavy smoking are most strongly associated with prevalence of H. pylori positivity in adults and adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a unique study based on a representative sample of the general population in a Central European country. The overall prevalence of H. pylori is lower than previously assumed and could partly reflect a substantial recent decrease in H. pylori prevalence in the Czech Republic. Consistent with earlier studies, H. pylori infection is strongly influenced by socioeconomic conditions and childhood poverty.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Medicine, Charles University in Praha, Faculty of Medicine at Hradec Králové, University Teaching Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. bures@lfhk.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bures
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopácová
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koupil
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vorísek
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rejchrt
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beránek
authors.forename: Bohumil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Oldrich
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pozler
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zivný
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Douda
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolesárová
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pintér
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palicka
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holcík
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001944:Breath Tests; D002648:Child; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents