title: Antimicrobial-resistant patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains in the aquatic Lebanese environments.
abstract: This study is the first to be conducted in Lebanon on the isolation and molecular characterization and the antimicrobial resistance profile of environmental pathogenic bacterial strains. Fifty-seven samples of seawater, sediment, crab, and fresh water were collected during the spring and summer seasons of 2003. The isolation of Escherichia coli and Salmonella using appropriate selective media revealed that 94.7% of the tested samples were contaminated with one or both of the tested bacteria. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was then used to identify the species of both bacteria using various sets of primers. Many pathogenic E. coli isolates were detected by PCR out of which two were identified as O157:H7 E. coli. Similarly, the species of many of the Salmonella isolates was molecularly identified. The confirmed isolates of Salmonella and E. coli were then tested using the disk diffusion method for their susceptibility to four different antimicrobials revealing high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon. sharakeh@gmail.com
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harakeh
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yassine
authors.forename: Mutasem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Fadel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005618:Fresh Water; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D007861:Lebanon; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012623:Seawater; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial