title: Dyspareunia and urinary sensory symptoms in India: population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Population level estimates of sexual dysfunction in less developed settings where sexuality is not openly discussed or is culturally constrained are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of dyspareunia and identify associated symptoms and sociocultural factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a population-based national level family health sample survey conducted in Indian states from 1998 to 1999 which collected sexual and reproductive health information from 84,644 currently married women. The main outcome measure was dyspareunia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of dyspareunia was 12.6%, with a higher prevalence in the central region, among newly married and younger women, among Muslims, rural residents, and among nonusers or traditional contraceptive method users. Dyspareunia was significantly more common among respondents who had urinary sensory symptoms when compared with their counterparts (adjusted odds ratio: 6.57, 95% confidence interval: 6.28, 6.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyspareunia prevalence and the associated symptoms reported in this analysis could be underestimates because of possible underreporting. There is a substantial hidden burden of sexual health problems especially affecting younger women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southhampton, UK. ssp@socsci.soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sabu S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Padmadas
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Stones
authors.forename: Zoë
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004414:Dyspareunia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016387:Women's Health