title: Real-time PCR complements immunohistochemistry in the determination of HER-2/neu status in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The clinical benefit of determining the status of HER-2/neu amplification in breast cancer patients is well accepted. Although immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most frequently used method to assess the over-expression of HER-2 protein, fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) is recognized as the "gold standard" for the determining of HER-2/neu status. The greatest discordance between the two methods occurs among breast tumors that receive an indeterminate IHC score of 2+. More recently, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using the LightCycler(R) has been developed for quantifying HER-2/neu gene amplification. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available LightCycler assay as it compares to FISH. To determine whether this assay provides an accurate alternative for the determination of HER-2/neu status, we focused primarily on tumors that were deemed indeterminate or borderline status by IHC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine breast tumors receiving an IHC score of 2+ were evaluated by both FISH and LightCycler(R) technologies in order to determine whether quantitative real-time PCR provides an accurate alternative for the determination of HER-2/neu status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a high concordance (92%) between FISH and real-time PCR results. We also observed that 10% of these tumors were positive for gene amplification by both FISH and real-time PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show that the results obtained for the gene amplification of HER-2/neu by real-time PCR on the LightCycler instrument is comparable to results obtained by FISH. These results therefore suggest that real-time PCR analysis, using the LightCycler, is a viable alternative to FISH for reassessing breast tumors which receive an IHC score of 2+, and that a combined IHC and real-time PCR approach for the determination of HER-2 status in breast cancer patients may be an effective and efficient strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, 770 Bannatyne Ave,, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada. umnistor@cc.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Andreea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nistor
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pettigrew
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tabiti
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Myal