title: Confounding effects of platelets on flow cytometric analysis and cell-sorting experiments using blood-derived cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flow cytometric analysis and cell-sorting of peripheral blood leukocytes is commonplace; however, platelet contamination is typically ignored during immunophenotypic analysis and sorting of blood-derived cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Red blood cells, platelets, T & B lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes were sorted from rat blood preparations. Presort enrichment was performed by differential centrifugation for all cell types. Additionally, leukocyte samples were prepared by ammonium chloride lysis of red blood cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unless proper precautions were taken, significant numbers of platelets were sorted along with (nonplatelet) cells of interest. The amount of platelet contamination varied greatly from experiment to experiment with the highest level of leukocyte-platelet association observed in the neutrophil/granulocyte population in samples prepared using ammonium chloride-based red blood cell-lysing solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of an immunophenotypic marker for platelet identification is a simple, yet prudent, measure to help evaluate the impact of platelets on immunophenotypic staining when performing flow cytometric analysis or sorting of blood-derived cells and should become a routine practice. Platelet presence in postsort fractions can be due to free platelets as well as target cell-associated platelets and both sources of contamination must be addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Safety Assessment/Cellular Pathology, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA. david.c.mcfarland@gsk.com
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heath C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Ratliff
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: T L
mesh_terms: D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology*; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000643:Ammonium Chloride