title: The catalytic activity of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha kinase PKR is required to negatively regulate Stat1 and Stat3 via activation of the T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase.
abstract: Tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcription factors Stat1 and Stat3 is required for them to dimerize, translocate to the nucleus, and induce gene transcription. Nuclear Stat1 and Stat3 are dephosphorylated and deactivated by the T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), which facilitates the return of both proteins to the cytoplasm. The protein kinase PKR plays an important role in translational control through the modulation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha phosphorylation. Previous data have implicated PKR in cell signaling via regulation of Stat1 and Stat3, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these events have remained elusive. Using PKR(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts and a conditionally active form of human PKR, we demonstrate herein that tyrosine (but not serine) phosphorylation of either Stat1 or Stat3 is impaired in cells with activated kinase. This reduction in Stat1 and Stat3 tyrosine phosphorylation by active PKR proceeds through TC-PTP, which is a substrate of the eukaryotic initiation factor-2alpha kinase both in vitro and in vivo. TC-PTP phosphorylation alone is insufficient to increase its in vivo phosphatase activity unless accompanied by the inhibition of protein synthesis as a result of PKR activation. These data reveal a novel function of PKR as a negative regulator of Stat1 and Stat3 with important implications in cell signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jennifer F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Raven
authors.forename: Dionissios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baltzis
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.forename: Daniel V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatzoglou
authors.forename: Michel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Antonis E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Koromilas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005347:Fibroblasts; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D014443:Tyrosine; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase