title: Using a clinical pathway and education to reduce inappropriate prescribing of enoxaparin in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate efficacy of a pathway-based quality improvement intervention on appropriate prescribing of the low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, in patients with varying risk categories of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rates of enoxaparin use retrospectively evaluated before and after pathway implementation at an intervention hospital were compared to concurrent control patients at a control hospital; both were community hospitals in south-east Queensland. The study population was a group of randomly selected patients (n = 439) admitted to study hospitals with a discharge diagnosis of chest pain, angina, or myocardial infarction, and stratified into high, intermediate, low-risk ACS or non-cardiac chest pain: 146 intervention patients (September-November 2003), 147 historical controls (August-December 2001) at the intervention hospital; 146 concurrent controls (September-November 2003) at the control hospital. Interventions were active implementation of a user-modified clinical pathway coupled with an iterative education programme to medical staff versus passive distribution of a similar pathway without user modification or targeted education. Outcome measures were rates of appropriate enoxaparin use in high-risk ACS patients and rates of inappropriate use in intermediate and low-risk patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Appropriate use of enoxaparin in high-risk ACS patients was above 90% in all patient groups. Inappropriate use of enoxaparin was significantly reduced as a result of pathway use in intermediate risk (9% intervention patients vs 75% historical controls vs 45% concurrent controls) and low-risk patients (9% vs 62% vs 41%; P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Pathway use was associated with a 3.5-fold (95% CI: 1.3-9.1; P = 0.012) increase in appropriate use of enoxaparin across all patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Active implementation of an acute chest pain pathway combined with continuous education reduced inappropriate use of enoxaparin in patients presenting with intermediate or low-risk ACS.
authors.affiliation: Gold Coast Hospital, Southport, Australia. nick_buckmaster@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Buckmaster
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Heazlewood
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haerer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hillier
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019091:Critical Pathways; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000592:standards*; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards*; D011793:Queensland; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin