title: Aberration correction by nonlinear beam mixing: generation of a pseudo point sound source.
abstract: Nonlinear beam mixing with microbubbles was explored to create a pseudo point source for aberration correction of therapeutic ultrasound. A damping coefficient for a bubble driven by a dual frequency sound field was derived by revisiting Prosperetti's linearized damping model. As a result, the overall damping term for dual frequency was obtained by linear summation of two damping terms for each frequency. The numerical simulation based on the bubble model suggests that the most efficient size range to generate a 1 MHz frequency from 4 MHz and 5 MHz sound sources is 2.6 to 3.0 microm. Furthermore, this size range constitutes the primary distribution of a specific ultrasound contrast agent. When a chamber of 0.1% of the diluted agent is sonified by 4 MHz and 5 MHz sound beams with 80 degrees incident angle between them, an approximately 100 Pa, 1 MHz difference frequency signal can be measured approximately 10 cm away. In addition, the received 1 MHz difference frequency signal shows omni-directional characteristics, even though the overlap zone of the two sound beams is on the order of the difference frequency wavelength. Therefore, the induced sound source can be considered as a pseudo point source and is expected to be useful for aberration correction for therapeutic ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA. jongbums@eecs.umich.edu
authors.forename: Jongbum
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J Brian
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fowlkes
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014465:Ultrasonics