title: Transitional cell carcinoma associated with marijuana: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder tends to occur in older patients with a history of tobacco use. We recently evaluated and treated a 45-year-old man with a history of heavy marijuana use. The patient's only risk factor for transitional cell carcinoma was the inhalation of up to five marijuana cigarettes daily for more than 30 years. We present our case and review the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, USA. anieder1@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nieder
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lipke
authors.forename: Shahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madjar
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*