title: Batch grinding kinetics of Ethenzamide particles by fluidized-bed jet-milling.
abstract: Ethenzamide solids as a representative active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) were batch-ground by means of a fluidized-bed jet-mill which is a relatively new equipment and promising for production in the pharmaceutical field. Thus, the characteristic grinding mechanism was investigated. As a result, the variation of the residual ratio with grinding time after milling was expressed simply by a mathematical model using only the first Kapur function, and it was consistent with experimental data satisfactorily. As the shape of the function was much different from that of inorganic compound and peculiar to API, a cubic function with respect to particle diameter was defined newly and well fitted to the experimental data. The function was also found to be affected by the operating parameters as the grinding gas pressure, the charge weight of raw material and the linear velocity at the grinding nozzle. According to the assessments of the breakage and the selection functions derived from the first Kapur function, it was found that the grinding mechanism of Ethenzamide particles was related with particle attrition mainly.
authors.affiliation: Banyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 9-1, Kamimutsuna 3-Chome, Okazaki, Aichi 444-0858, Japan. tadashi_fukunaka@merck.com
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukunaka
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Golman
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
mesh_terms: D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D011312:Pressure; D012457:Salicylamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D012457:Salicylamides; C018935:ethenzamide