title: Bipolar disorder and quality of life: a patient-centered perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several quantitative studies have now examined the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and bipolar disorder (BD) and have generally indicated that QoL is markedly impaired in patients with BD. However, little qualitative research has been conducted to better describe patients' own experiences of how BD impacts upon life quality. We report here on a series of in-depth qualitative interviews we conducted as part of the item generation phase for a disease-specific scale to assess QoL in BD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted 52 interviews with people with BD (n=35), their caregivers (n=5) and health care professionals (n=12) identified by both convenience and purposive sampling. Clinical characteristics of the affected sample ranged widely between individuals who had been clinically stable for several years through to inpatients who were recovering from a severe episode of depression or mania. Interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although several interwoven themes emerged from the data, we chose to focus on 6 for the purposes of this paper: routine, independence, stigma and disclosure, identity, social support and spirituality. When asked to prioritize the areas they thought were most important in determining QoL, the majority of participants ranked social support as most important, followed by mental health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings indicate that there is a complex, multifaceted relationship between BD and QoL. Most of the affected individuals we interviewed reported that BD had a profoundly negative effect upon their life quality, particularly in the areas of education, vocation, financial functioning, and social and intimate relationships. However, some people also reported that having BD opened up new doors of opportunity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada. emichala@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.forename: Lakshmi N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yatham
authors.forename: Sharlene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolesar
authors.forename: Raymond W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012650:Self Disclosure; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012944:Social Support; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires