DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria.
High throughput genotyping is essential for studying the spread of multiple antimicrobial resistance. A test oligonucleotide microarray designed to detect 94 antimicrobial resistance genes was constructed and successfully used to identify antimicrobial resistance genes in control strains. The microarray was then used to assay 51 distantly related bacteria, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates, resulting in the identification of 61 different antimicrobial resistance genes in these bacteria. These results were consistent with their known gene content and resistance phenotypes. Microarray results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. These results demonstrate that this approach could be used to construct a microarray to detect all sequenced antimicrobial resistance genes in nearly all bacteria.
Frye
Jonathan G
JG
Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Richard B. Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA. jfrye@saa.ars.usda.gov
Jesse
Troy
T
Long
Fred
F
Rondeau
Gaelle
G
Porwollik
Steffen
S
McClelland
Michael
M
Jackson
Charlene R
CR
Englen
Mark
M
Fedorka-Cray
Paula J
PJ
D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000235:genetics
D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes