title: Sodium-myo-inositol co-transporter (SMIT-1) mRNA is increased in neutrophils of patients with bipolar 1 disorder and down-regulated under treatment with mood stabilizers.
abstract: Recent in-vitro data indicate that depletion of neural cells of myo-inositol by virtue of down-regulation of the high-affinity sodium-myo-inositol co-transporter (SMIT) may be a common mechanism of action of the mood stabilizers lithium, valproate and carbamazepine. The authors sought to investigate whether or not down-regulation of SMIT also occurs in vivo in bipolar patients. Expression of SMIT mRNA was measured in neutrophils of bipolar patients either unmedicated or treated with lithium salts or valproate and in neutrophils of unmedicated, matched healthy controls using quantitative real-time PCR. The content of SMIT mRNA was significantly reduced in neutrophils of lithium-treated bipolar patients compared to controls and to untreated bipolar patients. Untreated bipolar I patients but not bipolar II patients exhibited a significantly higher expression of SMIT mRNA than controls. Neutrophils of bipolar I patients treated with valproate exhibited a significantly lower expression of SMIT mRNA than untreated bipolar I patients but did not differ from controls. These results suggest that lithium and valproate down-regulate SMIT mRNA in vivo in patients. In addition the data provide first evidence that up-regulation of SMIT might be associated with an increased risk for bipolar I disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willmroth
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drieling
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lamla
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcushen
authors.forename: Hans-Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wark
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Calker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D027981:Symporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; C073884:SLC5A3 protein, human; D014635:Valproic Acid