title: Transcriptomes of purified gastric ECL and parietal cells: identification of a novel pathway regulating acid secretion.
abstract: The gastric entero-chromaffin-like (ECL) cell plays a key regulatory role in peripheral regulation of acid secretion due to the release of histamine that stimulates acid secretion by the parietal cell. Studies in intact animals, gastric glands, and isolated cells after short-term culture have shown expression of stimulatory CCK2 and PAC1 and inhibitory SST2 and Gal1 receptors as well as histidine decarboxylase. However, the pattern of its gene expression as a neuroendocrine cell has not been explored. Comparison of gene expression by 95% pure ECL cells obtained by density gradient, elutriation, and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting with isolates of the intact fundic gastric epithelium (i.e., "subtractive hybridization") identified a variety of additional expressed gene families characteristic of this neuroendocrine cell. These include genes 1) involved in neuropeptide synthesis and secretory vesicle exocytosis, 2) involved in control of inflammation, 3) implicated in healing of the epithelium, 4) encoding inhibitory Gi protein-coupled receptors, 5) playing a role in neuroendocrine regulation of food intake, and 6) encoding proteins likely involved in maintenance of circadian rhythm, in addition to the ECL cell-specific genes histidine decarboxylase and monoamine transporter. Particularly, the inhibitory apelin receptor gene, APJ, was highly expressed in the ECL cell preparation. Because parietal cells express apelin, immunohistochemical and functional studies showed that there is an inhibitory feed back loop between the parietal and ECL cell during gastrin stimulation, providing evidence for a novel pathway of downregulation of acid secretion due to interaction between these two cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, California, USA. nilslam@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Nils W G
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Lambrecht
authors.forename: Iskandar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yakubov
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zer
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sachs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005755:Gastrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D010295:Parietal Cells, Gastric / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000073861:Apelin; D000075244:Apelin Receptors; C498579:Apln protein, rat; C491284:Aplnr protein, rat; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005755:Gastrins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D002118:Calcium