title: Factors influencing the presentation and outcome of tuberculous meningitis in childhood.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, we describe our experience of childhood tuberculous meningitis (TBM), focusing on factors influencing presentation and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 0-14 years, with diagnosis of TBM and 24 months of post-therapy follow-up, were evaluated in this retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two patients with TBM were identified. Fever, nuchal rigidity and vomiting were the main presenting symptoms. Fourteen cases (44%) presented with cranial nerve palsy. Seventeen (53%) patients were in advanced stage of the disease on admission. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations showed low glucose, high proteins and pleocytosis. A central nervous system device was placed in 4 cases (13%) because of worsening hydrocephalus. Four (13%) patients died, while 6 (19%) had sequelae. Faster normalization of CSF parameters was associated with better outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early antimycobacterial therapy and close monitoring of TBM in childhood improve the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Infectious Diseases, D. Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Faella
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pagliano
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Attanasio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rescigno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fusco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014390:Tuberculosis, Meningeal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents