title: The results of periorbital rejuvenation with botulinum toxin A using two different protocols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was proposed to analyze the changes in shape and position of the eyebrow before and after botulinum toxin A injection using two different protocols for a periorbital rejuvenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The botulinum toxin A treatment was performed for brow-lift and effacement of crow's feet (group A), and for brow-lift and effacement of glabellar frown lines in addition to crow' feet (group B). To evaluate the change in brow shape and height, measurements of five points around the brow were taken before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In groups A and B, the brow positions were elevated, and the interbrow distance was increased. The central brow showed the largest elevation, followed by the lateral brow and the medial brow. The difference in the interbrow distance between groups A and B was statistically significant (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevation of the eyebrow with the desired aesthetically pleasing curvature was obtained after botulinum toxin A treatment in both groups using two different protocols for periorbital rejuvenation. The effect on the muscular dynamics after treatment can be changed according to the amount and the injection points. Therefore, in determining the injection protocols for periorbital rejuvenation, consideration should be given to the change in brow position and shape according to the change in the muscular dynamics after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, 7-206, 3-Ga, Shinheung-Dong, Choong-Gu, 400-711, South Korea. cjlee313@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Choong Jae
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A