title: The influence of the signal dynamics of activated form of IKK on NF-kappaB and anti-apoptotic gene expressions: a systems biology approach.
abstract: NF-kappaB activation plays a crucial role in anti-apoptotic responses in response to the apoptotic signaling during tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha stimulation. TNF-alpha induces apoptosis sensitive to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected cells, despite sustained NF-kappaB activation. Our results indicate that the HBV infection induces sustained NF-kappaB activation, in a manner similar to the TNF-alpha stimulation. However, these effects are not merely combined. Computational simulations show that the level of form of the IKK complex activated by phosphorylation (IKK-p) affects the dynamic pattern of NF-kappaB activation during TNF-alpha stimulation in the following ways: (i) the initial level of IKK-p determines the incremental change in IKK-p at the same level of TNF-alpha stimulation, (ii) the incremental change in IKK-p determines the amplitudes of active NF-kappaB oscillation, and (iii) the steady state level of IKK-p after the incremental change determines the period of active NF-kappaB oscillation. Based on experiments, we observed that the initial level of IKK-p was upregulated and the active NF-kappaB oscillation showed smaller amplitudes for a shorter period in HepG2.2.15 cells (HBV-producing cells) during TNF-alpha stimulation, as was indicated by the computational simulations. Furthermore, we found that during TNF-alpha stimulation, NF-kappaB-regulated anti-apoptotic genes were upregulated in HepG2 cells but were downregulated in HepG2.2.15 cells. Based on the previously mentioned results, we can conclude that the IKK-p-level changes induced by HBV infection modulate the dynamic pattern of active NF-kappaB and thereby could affect NF-kappaB-regulated anti-apoptotic gene expressions. Finally, we postulate that the sensitive apoptotic response of HBV-infected cells to TNF-alpha stimulation is governed by the dynamic patterns of active NF-kappaB based on IKK-p level changes.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Kwanak-gu, Shillim-dong, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Gyoo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Taehyung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kunsoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Guhung
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000378:metabolism*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human