title: Endodontic surgery using 2 different magnification devices: preliminary results of a randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The introduction of microsurgical instruments and magnification devices has brought advantages in root-end management and the application of root-end filling materials. The main purpose of this prospective clinical study was to monitor the outcome of ultrasonic root-end preparation using magnification loupes or an endoscope. Tooth location and the presence of post restoration were also examined as potentially affecting the outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teeth treated surgically showed a periradicular lesion of strictly endodontic origin. A total of 59 patients were included in the study, according to specific selection criteria. Following the reflection of a full mucoperiosteal tissue flap, residual soft tissues were curetted, root ends were resected, and root-end cavities were prepared ultrasonically with a zirconium nitrate tip, and zinc oxide EBA-reinforced cement root-end fillings were placed. Thirty-two root-end management procedures were performed using magnification loupes and 39 using an endoscope. All cases followed for a period of 1 year were classified into 3 groups (success, uncertain healing, and failure) according to radiographic and clinical criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 71 teeth evaluated at 1-year follow-up, 67 teeth (92.95%) successfully healed, 3 teeth had uncertain healing, and 2 failed. In the group using endoscopy, 94.9% of successful healing was achieved, while for the other group, 90.6% was recorded. We found no statistically significant differences in treatment results related to the arch (P = .20), post restoration (P = .21), or type of magnification device (P = .08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, adherence to a strict endodontic surgical protocol and the use of modern surgical endodontic procedures, together with visual magnifications, resulted in an overall high success rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontology, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taschieri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Fabbro
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Testori
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Francetti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods