title: Effect of ethanol on human osteosarcoma cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization.
abstract: The habitual consumption of even moderate quantities of alcoholic beverages is clearly associated with reduced bone mass, increased prevalence of skeletal fracture and also it is the major risk factor for the development of secondary osteoporosis. The present in vitro study was designed to determine the dose response effects of ethanol on osteoblast-like human osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) proliferation, differentiation, mineralization and cyto-toxicity. SaOS-2 cells were plated in 48 and 6 well culture plates and exposed to different concentrations of ethanol (1, 10, 100, 200 and 300 mM) for 24, 48 and 72 h. At the end of incubation, proliferation of cells was studied using crystal violet Bioassay. The cell lysate was utilized to determine ALP activity and conditioned media were used to measure LDH activity. Histochemical localization of ALP and mineralized nodules were studied from cells treated with ethanol (10 and 100 mM) for 21 days. At higher doses, there was a significant reduction in cell number, whereas at lower doses there were variable effects. In 24 h treatment, the higher doses showed a significant increase in ALP activity, whereas 48 and 72 h treatments showed an opposite trend. Ethanol treatment caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in LDH activity. Ethanol treatment altered the quality of mineralization at 10 mM dose whereas completely inhibited mineralization at 100 mM dose, despite the presence of serum. In conclusion, the toxic effect of ethanol is reflected on cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization even at low doses and at extended treatment duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Vignesh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sitta Djody
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jayasudha
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ilangovan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balaganesh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D000431:Ethanol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase