title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the vasopeptidase inhibitor AVE7688 in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to define the pharmacodynamic profile of the new dual neutral endopeptidase (NEP)/angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor AVE7688.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the effects of single oral doses of AVE7688 (5 and 25 mg) with those of 10 mg ramipril (R10), a selective ACE inhibitor, in a placebo-controlled crossover study in sodium-depleted normotensive subjects. We also compared the effects of 25 mg AVE7688 with those of a renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade induced by a high dose of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (300 mg irbesartan) and a dual blockade of the RAS (150 mg irbesartan plus 10 mg ramipril) in sodium-replete normotensive subjects by use of the same study design. The in vivo inhibition of ACE and NEP was monitored by measuring the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), respectively. The intensity of RAS blockade was assessed by the increase in plasma active renin concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 24-hour urine AcSDKP cumulative excretion increased significantly more after 25 mg AVE7688 (919 nmol [95% confidence interval (CI), 803-1052 nmol], P < .05) than after 5 mg AVE7688 (706 nmol [95% CI, 612-813 nmol]) or 10 mg ramipril (511 nmol [95% CI, 440-593 nmol]). The 25-mg dose of AVE7866 significantly and transiently (4 to 8 hours after drug intake) increased urinary ANP (2.02 +/- 1.05 ng/h, P < .05), whereas 5 mg AVE7688 (1.14 +/- 0.77 ng/h) and 10 mg ramipril (0.93 +/- 0.65 ng/h) had no effect compared with placebo (0.80 +/- 0.37 ng/h). In the low-salt panel the rise in plasma active renin concentration achieved 24 hours after dosing by 25 mg AVE7688 (247 pg/mL [95% CI, 157-389 pg/mL], P < .05) was significantly higher than that achieved by 5 mg AVE7688 (129 pg/mL [95% CI, 75-221 pg/mL]) or 10 mg ramipril (113 pg/mL [95% CI, 67-193 pg/mL]), which did not differ. In the high-salt panel group the effects of 25 mg AVE7688 on renin release did not significantly differ from those after administration of the combination of 150 mg irbesartan plus 10 mg ramipril or 300 mg irbesartan alone. All of these active drugs similarly decreased blood pressure compared with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AVE7688 at a dose of 25 mg has a favorable pharmacodynamic profile compared with other RAS blockers. These results support further clinical studies of its long-term effects in essential or resistant hypertension, chronic proteinuric nephropathy, and chronic heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Center 9201, INSERM, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. michel.azizi@egp.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.forename: Alvine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bissery
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peyrard
authors.forename: Than Tam
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Guyene
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ozoux
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Floch
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ménard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000652:urine; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000652:urine; D001711:Biotransformation; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D000077405:Irbesartan; D008297:Male; D009318:Natriuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000652:urine; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017257:Ramipril / Q000494:pharmacology; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C479877:AVE 7688; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D006575:Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000450:Aldosterone; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012083:Renin; C058504:goralatide; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D000077405:Irbesartan; D017257:Ramipril