title: Homocysteine-reducing strategies improve symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An elevated homocysteine level is reported to be a risk factor for several diseases, including Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease. Recently, several studies have reported that homocysteine levels are elevated in many schizophrenic patients. Homocysteine levels can be lowered by oral folic acid, B-12, and pyridoxine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two schizophrenic patients with plasma homocysteine levels >15 micromol/L were treated with these vitamins for 3 months and placebo for 3 months in a study with a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homocysteine levels declined with vitamin therapy compared with placebo in all patients except for one noncompliant subject. Clinical symptoms of schizophrenia as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale declined significantly with active treatment compared with placebo. Neuropsychological test results overall, and Wisconsin Card Sort (Categories Completed) test results in particular, were significantly better after vitamin treatment than after placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A subgroup of schizophrenic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia might benefit from the simple addition of B vitamins.
authors.affiliation: Stanley Research Center and Beersheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Ziva
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Ben-Ami
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sela
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruderman
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shumaico
authors.forename: Ivgeny
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Babushkin
authors.forename: Yamima
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osher
authors.forename: Yuly
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bersudsky
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Belmaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D005492:Folic Acid; D011736:Pyridoxine; D014805:Vitamin B 12