title: Myogenic tone and reactivity of rat ophthalmic artery in acute exposure to high glucose and in a type II diabetic model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of acute exposure to high glucose on myogenic tone and reactivity of the rat ophthalmic artery and to compare the observations with that in ophthalmic artery from a diabetic rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmic arteries from Sprague-Dawley rats were pressurized at 70 mmHg in an arteriograph, and outer diameter was monitored. Myogenic tone was assessed over a range of intraluminal pressures in the presence and absence of high glucose or mannitol. The effects of high glucose on reactivity to carbachol and phenylephrine were determined. Arteries from type II diabetic BBZDR/Wor rats and age-matched control rats were evaluated for myogenic tone and reactivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myogenic tone was enhanced by 25 mM, but decreased by 40 mM, glucose and was not affected by mannitol. Constriction to phenylephrine was not affected by 25 mM, but was decreased by 40 mM glucose, and carbachol-mediated dilation was unaffected. Effects of high glucose were not observed in the absence of endothelium. Miconazole, a nonselective inhibitor of cytochrome-P450 enzymes or dihydro-ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+,K+-ATPase blocked the effect of 40 mM but not 25 mM glucose. Arteries from diabetic rats showed decreased myogenic tone compared with control arteries, and this decrease was not observed in the absence of endothelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute exposure to high glucose has a concentration- and endothelium-dependent effect on the myogenic tone of rat ophthalmic artery. Attenuation of tone by high glucose is probably due to the activation of smooth muscle Na+,K+-ATPase by endothelial cytochrome-P450 metabolite. Pressure-mediated autoregulation in ophthalmic artery in type II diabetic BBZDR/Wor rat operates at lower resistance, probably due to hyperglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yagna P R
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Jarajapu
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Guberski
authors.forename: Maria B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Harm J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Knot
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008825:Miconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010042:Ouabain / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011913:Rats, Inbred BB; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C000977:dihydroouabain; D010656:Phenylephrine; D010042:Ouabain; D008825:Miconazole; D002217:Carbachol; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005947:Glucose