title: Ischemia-reperfusion injury in cadaveric nonheart beating, cadaveric heart beating and live donor renal transplants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury is gaining importance in transplantation as being responsible for allograft dysfunction. Ischemia occurs during kidney procurement, which is shortest in LDs, and prolonged in cadaveric HBDs and NHBDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal transplants from 17 LDs, 15 HBDs and 19 NHBDs were assessed during reperfusion for biochemical markers of ischemia-reperfusion injury and assessed clinically. Central venous blood sampling was assayed for free radicals using electron spin resonance and tissue injury biomarkers, namely lactate dehydrogenase, fatty acid binding protein, alanine aminopeptidase, lactate and total antioxidants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The return to stable renal function was more rapid in LD renal transplants, while recovery continued from 3 months after hospital discharge in NHBD renal transplants. Injury markers, such as lactate dehydrogenase, fatty acid binding protein, alanine aminopeptidase and lactate, were raised at the time of reperfusion, especially in NHBD renal transplants. Free radical release measured by electron spin resonance showed 2 phase release, that is early (0 to 10-minute) and late (20 to 40-minute) release. In NHBD, HBD and LD renal transplants the index of free radical release in the early phase was 1.43, 1.36 and 1.20, and in the late phase it was 1.43, 1.38 and 0.97, respectively (each ANOVA p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NHBD renal transplants were accompanied by a greater release of free radicals at reperfusion (NHBD > HBD > LD), which was associated with an increase in tissue injury markers at reperfusion. This was reflected in a slower return to stable renal function in NHBD compared to HBD and LD renal transplants.
authors.affiliation: Renal/Liver Transplant Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gok
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Shenton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelsers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whitwood
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mantle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peaston
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rix
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jaques
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Soomro
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Manas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology*; D014019:Tissue Donors