title: Multilinear gradient elution optimisation in reversed-phase liquid chromatography using genetic algorithms.
abstract: The treatment presented in a recent paper [P. Nikitas, A. Pappa-Louisi, J. Chromatogr. A, 1068 (2005) 279] is extended to multilinear gradients, i.e. continuous gradients consisting of a certain number of linear portions. Thus, the experimental lnk versus phi curve, where k is the retention factor of a sample solute under isocratic conditions and phi is the volume fraction of the organic modifier in the water-organic mobile phase, is subdivided into a finite number of linear portions resulting in simple analytical expressions for the solute gradient retention time. These expressions of the retention time are directly used in an optimisation technique based on genetic algorithms. This technique involves first the determination of the theoretical dependence of k upon phi by means of gradient measurements, which in turn is used by the genetic algorithm for the prediction of the best gradient profile. The validity of the analytical expressions and the effectiveness of the optimisation technique were tested using fifteen underivatized amino acids and related compounds with mobile phases modified by acetonitrile. It was found that the adopted methodology exhibits significant advantages and it can lead to high quality predictions of the gradient retention times and optimisation results.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. nikitas@chem.auth.gr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nikitas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pappa-Louisi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agrafiotou
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids