title: Tanner staging of secondary sexual characteristics and body composition, blood pressure, and insulin in black girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess Tanner staging (breast and pubic hair development) and its relationship to measures of body composition, blood pressure, and fasting insulin and glucose in young black girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 138 black girls, 8 to 12 years of age, recruited from elementary schools in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods. Exclusion criteria included the presence of any acute/chronic medical conditions. Pubertal stages were assessed by one of two pediatricians and analyzed individually, as well as with a composite index (prepubertal, pubertal/premenarcheal, or pubertal/menarcheal). Glucose and insulin were measured after a 12-hour fast. Measures of body composition included height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, fat mass, fat-free soft tissue, bone mineral density (DXA), and visceral adipose tissue (magnetic resonance imaging). Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by Dinamap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With age in the model, breast development explained significant proportions of the variance in height, weight, fat-free soft tissue, bone mineral density, and insulin. Adding pubic hair development or menarche to those models did not significantly increase the proportion of variance that was explained by breast development. Furthermore, using a composite index of pubertal staging explained a smaller proportion of the variance compared with breast development alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined with age, breast development was a better predictor of body composition and fasting insulin than was pubic hair development or a composite index of pubertal staging.
authors.affiliation: Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, 30912, USA. whoffman@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Barbeau
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litaker
authors.forename: Maribeth H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gutin
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001741:Black or African American; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D001940:Breast / Q000254:growth & development; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D011627:Puberty / Q000208:ethnology / Q000502:physiology*; D012923:Social Class; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin