title: Association between race and hot flashes in midlife women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies suggest that African American women may have a greater risk of hot flashes compared to Caucasian women, but the reasons for this are unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that African American women have an increased risk of hot flashes due to racial differences in risk factors for hot flashes, including high body mass index (BMI) and lower estrogen levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study was conducted among women aged 45-54 years. Participants were divided into women who reported ever experiencing hot flashes (n=356) and women who reported never experiencing hot flashes (n=257). Participants provided a blood sample for hormone assays, were weighed and measured, and completed a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among peri-menopausal women, African American women were more likely than Caucasian women to report any hot flashes (RR=2.08), severe hot flashes (RR=2.19), and hot flashes for more than 5 years (RR=1.61). The risk ratios for the associations between race and the hot flash outcomes were attenuated after controlling for other important hot flash risk factors (i.e. obesity and low estrogen levels).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African American women have an increased risk of hot flashes compared to Caucasian women due to racial differences in a number of risk factors for hot flashes, including advanced age, obesity, current smoking, less than 12 drinks in the past year, and lower estrogen levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gallicchio
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Janice K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Babus
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langenberg
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Zacur
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flaws
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016387:Women's Health; D001741:Black or African American