title: Microvolt T-wave alternans and the risk of death or sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study hypothesized that microvolt T-wave alternans (MTWA) improves selection of patients for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) prophylaxis, especially by identifying patients who are not likely to benefit.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many patients with left ventricular dysfunction are now eligible for prophylactic ICDs, but most eligible patients do not benefit; MTWA testing has been proposed to improve patient selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study was conducted at 11 clinical centers in the U.S. Patients were eligible if they had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or =0.40 and lacked a history of sustained ventricular arrhythmias; patients were excluded for atrial fibrillation, unstable coronary artery disease, or New York Heart Association functional class IV heart failure. Participants underwent an MTWA test and then were followed for about two years. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality or non-fatal sustained ventricular arrhythmias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemic heart disease was present in 49%, mean LVEF was 0.25, and 66% had an abnormal MTWA test. During 20 +/- 6 months of follow-up, 51 end points (40 deaths and 11 non-fatal sustained ventricular arrhythmias) occurred. Comparing patients with normal and abnormal MTWA tests, the hazard ratio for the primary end point was 6.5 at two years (95% confidence interval 2.4 to 18.1, p < 0.001). Survival of patients with normal MTWA tests was 97.5% at two years. The strong association between MTWA and the primary end point was similar in all subgroups tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with heart disease and LVEF < or =0.40, MTWA can identify not only a high-risk group, but also a low-risk group unlikely to benefit from ICD prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. twa.dcc@ctcc.cpmc.columbia.edu
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Bigger
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: Pearila B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Namerow
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Parides
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Elizabeth S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davidenko
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shinn
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fontaine
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000453:epidemiology*