title: [High risk factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after neurosurgical procedures].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze high risk factors of postoperative upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding after neurosurgery so as to give guidance for prevention of GI bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was developed to investigate the medical records of 1500 patients who were hospitalized and underwent neurosurgical operations in 1997. Logistic regression analysis was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1430 valid questionnaires were obtained. Postoperative upper GI bleeding occurred in 75 patients (5.24%). The incidence of upper GI bleeding were 6.64% (54/813) in the male patients and 3.40% (21/617) in the female persons (P = 0.007); 9.88% (41/415) in those aged > 50 and 3.35% in those aged < or = 50 (P = 0.001). Glasgow Coma Score less than 10 pre- and post-operation, the incidence of upper GI bleeding was more than 17.5% (14/80, pre-operation GCS 7-10) and 20.9% (14/67, pre-operation GCS 3-6), and 20.25% (16/79, first day of post-operation GCS 7-10) and 23.75% (19/80, first day of post-operation GCS 3-6). The incidence of upper GI bleeding of the patients with intracerebral hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and extradural hematoma were 15.7%, 10.0%, 6.00%, and 2.94% respectively (P = 0.02). The incidence of upper GI bleeding of the patients with tumors of fourth ventricle of cerebrum, brainstem, cerebral hemisphere, and sellar hypothalamus were 15.79% (3/19), 7.89%, 5.71%, and 3.74% respectively. In the emergent cases, the incidence of upper GI bleeding was higher in those with hypertension. The incidence of upper GI bleeding was 5.46% in the patients undergoing adrenocortical hormone treatment, significantly higher than that in those who did not receive such treatment (2.13%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who are at high risk of developing postoperative upper GI bleeding including that: age greater than 50 years; male; Glasgow Coma Score less than 10 pre and post operation; The lesion was located in brain stem and forth ventricle; Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage; Intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhagic brain trauma; Postoperative pneumonia, brain edema, encephalic high pressure, pyogenic infection of the central nervous system and other postoperative complications. The mortality of patients with postoperative upper GI bleeding was evidently higher than that of the patients without postoperative upper GI bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Neng-neng
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Cheng-jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Liang-fu
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires