title: Visualization and quantification of flow and velocity fields in intracranial arteriovenous malformations using phase-contrast MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to describe postprocessing tools for MR phase-contrast flow quantification images and apply those tools to cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) to visualize blood flow dynamics noninvasively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflow and outflow zones were clearly depicted at different regions in the AVM. The processed images showed flow patterns including vortical flow and variations in velocity over the cardiac cycle. Particle tracking gave an impression of the overall flow state and of the venous drainage system in particular.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Ueberroth Bldg., Suite 3371, 10945 LeConte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Grinstead
authors.forename: Shantanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tateshima
authors.forename: Yih-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Nien
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vinuela
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged