title: Tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: are they more effective than serum angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?
abstract: Since their discovery in the 1980s, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to decrease angiotensin formation, prevent breakdown of bradykinin, and may also act on peptides of the renin-angiotensin system. They are effective in reducing the risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and death from cardiovascular causes in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction or heart failure, and have been shown to reduce atherosclerotic complications in patients who have vascular disease without heart failure. They may preserve endothelial function and counteract initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Broadly, ACE inhibitors can be divided into tissue specific or serum ACE inhibitors. Tissue-specific ACE inhibitors as a group are not superior to serum ACE inhibitors in the treatment of coronary artery disease. Pending direct comparator clinical trials between a tissue ACE inhibitor and a plasma ACE inhibitor, both ramipril and perindopril can be recommended for secondary risk prevention, based on the evidence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School-UMDNJ, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Apurva D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Rohit R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Arora
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors