title: The effect of bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine strain and route of administration on induced immune responses in vaccinated infants.
abstract: Vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has variable efficacy in preventing tuberculosis. Both BCG strain and route of administration have been implicated in determining efficacy; however, these variables are not considered in current clinical recommendations for vaccine choice. We evaluated antigen-specific immunity after percutaneous or intradermal administration of Japanese BCG or intradermal administration of Danish BCG. Ten weeks after vaccination of neonates, percutaneous Japanese BCG had induced significantly higher frequencies of BCG-specific interferon- gamma -producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in BCG-stimulated whole blood than did intradermal Danish BCG. Similarly, percutaneous vaccination with Japanese BCG resulted in significantly greater secretion of the T helper 1-type cytokines interferon- gamma, tumor necrosis factor- alpha , and interleukin-2; significantly lower secretion of the T helper 2-type cytokine interleukin-4; and greater CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Thus, BCG strain and route of neonatal vaccination confer different levels of immune activation, which may affect the efficacy of the vaccine.
authors.affiliation: South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Davids
authors.forename: Willem A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hanekom
authors.forename: Nazma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mansoor
authors.forename: Hoyam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gamieldien
authors.forename: Sebastian J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gelderbloem
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hawkridge
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Rose Ann
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Stanley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ress
authors.forename: Gilla
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001500:BCG Vaccine