title: Depression, anemia and health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C (HCV) infected patients have significant health-related quality of life (HRQL) impairment which worsens during anti-viral therapy. Our aim was to examine the association of HRQL with treatment-induced depression and anemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and seventy-one HCV patients who received pegylated interferon alfa 2b and ribavirin were included. Data on HRQL, depressive symptoms, laboratory values and socio-demographic characteristics were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 47.1+/-6.5, 69% were male, and 73% were White. HCV patients' HRQL declined during anti-viral therapy but returned to or exceeded baseline levels within 24 weeks of completion. Anemia and depression were both associated with HRQL impairment. The effects of depression on HRQL were strong; once depression scores were included other factors were no longer significant. Patients' depressive symptoms tended to increase during the initial half of treatment regimen. Those with higher body mass index (BMI), cirrhosis, and women reported more HRQL impairments. HRQL scales were generally not associated with alcohol abuse, age, race, ALT and HCV RNA levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-viral therapy for HCV is associated with diminished HRQL. Although anemia and depression were associated with this impairment, depression was the most consistent predictor. Future studies are needed to see whether proactive management of these side effects can improve patients' HRQL and the efficacy of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, 3289 Woodburn Road, Suite 375, Annandale, VA 22003-6800, USA.
authors.forename: Amy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crone
authors.forename: Janus P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Denise W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Zobair M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Younossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C417083:peginterferon alfa-2b