title: Expression of COX-2 in normal and pyelonephritic kidney, renal intraepithelial neoplasia, and renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of inflammation in carcinogenesis is unknown. To determine the relationship between cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression, inflammation, and carcinogenesis in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we looked for COX-2 expression in normal and pyelonephritic kidney, renal intratubular neoplasia (RIN), and RCC tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  COX-2 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in tissues obtained from 20 pyelonephritic kidneys, 16 normal kidneys, 19 RIN, and 75 RCC cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 expression was found to be positive in 64% of RCCs. It was positive in 13 chronic pyelonephritic (65%), 9 normal (56%), and 15 RIN (79%) cases. COX-2 expression was significantly higher in RCC and RIN than the normal and pyelonephritic cases (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). No statistically significant difference was noted between RCC and RIN cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the function of COX-2 in tumor development has not been exactly elucidated, the increased expression of COX-2 in RIN and RCC might be a factor that may play a role in the development of RIN or progression to RCC, which warrants further research.
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Department of Urology, Izmir 35340, Turkey. ugur.mungan@deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: M Ugur
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Mungan
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gurel
authors.forename: A Erdem
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Canda
authors.forename: Burcin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tuna
authors.forename: Kutsal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yorukoglu
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kirkali
mesh_terms: D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000201:enzymology*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2