title: Significance of small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in relation to the severity of coronary heart diseases.
abstract: We have investigated the clinical significance of small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) concentrations in coronary heart disease (CHD). We measured the LDL size by gradient gel electrophoresis and quantified sd-LDL-C concentrations by a newly developed rapid assay using heparin-magnesium precipitation in 225 consecutive CHD patients without any lipid-lowering medication and 142 healthy middle-aged subjects as controls. The LDL size was markedly smaller and sd-LDL-C levels were significantly higher in CHD patients than in controls of both sexes, whereas LDL-C levels were comparable between CHD and controls. The LDL-C levels were significantly higher in a subpopulation of 84 patients with acute coronary syndrome than in other patients groups, while LDL size and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were not found to vary among the patients. The sd-LDL-C increased as the number of diseased vessels or Gensini atherosclerosis score increased. Among the 123 stable CHD patients, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that sd-LDL-C levels were significantly associated with the clinically severe cases requiring coronary revascularization independently of LDL-C, HDL-C and apolipoprotein B. The sd-LDL mass plays a more important role in the progression of CHD than the LDL size, and the sd-LDL-C concentration serves as a powerful surrogate marker for the prevention of CHD.
authors.affiliation: The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. skoba@med.showa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koba
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Yuuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katagiri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL