title: Variability of metal contents in the sea rush Juncus maritimus-estuarine sediment system through one year of plant's life.
abstract: Metal accumulation by Juncus maritimus and the effect this plant might have on the physico-chemical composition of sediments, from Douro river estuary (NW Portugal), were investigated through one year of plant's life. The contents of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) in sediments, rhizosediments (those among plant roots and rhizomes) and different tissues of J. maritimus. Two estuarine sites with different characteristics were studied, one a sandy sediment with relatively low organic matter content, the other a muddy site. The role of the plant seemed to be markedly dependent on the sediment composition. At the sandy site, significant variations throughout the year (a decrease from winter to summer and an increase in autumn) either in rhizosediment and sediment or in J. maritimus roots were only observed in Cd and Cu levels. These variations were the same in both compartments, probably caused by tidal water movements and the activity of the plant. At the muddy site, variations throughout the year were observed for all studied elements but Pb. Changes in the Cd and Zn contents of roots were opposite to those in the rhizosediment (uptake of Cd and Zn by J. maritimus roots in summer may have caused a decrease in rhizosediment levels). Fe and Mn showed similar patterns of variation in both roots and rhizosediment (contents significantly increasing in summer). Higher contents of Fe and Mn in roots in summer could be related to changes in mass, higher availability of the elements, or accumulation at the surface of the root in (hydr)oxides forms. For the remaining elements no significant correlations between rhizosediment and roots variations were observed, indicating that their uptake and release by roots were not based on single exchanges with the sediment. J. maritimus showed capacity to accumulate Cu, Zn and particularly Cd, thus appearing to be useful for the phytostabilization of these metals.
authors.affiliation: CIIMAR, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal. calmeida@fc.up.pt
authors.forename: C Marisa R
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Ana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mucha
authors.forename: M Teresa S D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000535:Aluminum