title: In vivo measurement of flatulence and nutrient digestibility in dogs fed poultry by-product meal, conventional soybean meal, and low-oligosaccharide low-phytate soybean meal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine an optimal window for determining peak flatulence and evaluate the effects of oligosaccharides and supplemental beta-mannanase in soybean meal-based diets on nutrient availability and flatulence.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were used in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a 6 x 6 Latin square experiment to evaluate the digestibility, flatulence, and fecal odor metabolites of low-oligosaccharide low-phytate soybean meal (LLM), conventional soybean meal (SBM), and poultry by-product (PBP) meal diets with or without supplemental beta-mannanase (5 g/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enzyme supplementation had no effect on total tract dry matter (DM), nitrogen digestibility, or digestible energy; however, differences between protein sources did exist for total tract DM digestibility and digestible energy. The PBP meal had higher DM digestibility and digestible energy (mean, 0.913 and 4,255 cal/g), compared with soy-based diets (mean, 0.870 and 4,049 cal/g). No differences were detected for any treatment regardless of protein source or addition of supplemental enzyme for any flatulence components analyzed. No differences were detected for all fecal odor metabolites regardless of addition of supplemental enzyme; however, differences between protein sources were detected. The PBP meal had lower concentrations of carboxylic acids and esters and higher concentrations of heterocycles, phenols, thio and sulfides, ketones, alcohols, and indoles than LLM and SBM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diets containing < 22.4 g of stachyose/kg and < 2 g of raffinose/kg did not alter digestibility or increase flatulence in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0215, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Yamka
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Schoenherr
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Kathy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Dinesh K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005414:Flatulence / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010833:Phytic Acid; D011202:Poultry Products; D013025:Glycine max
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010833:Phytic Acid