title: Benchmarking as a tool of continuous quality improvement in postoperative pain management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quality of acute pain management is far from being satisfactory. These deficits are not caused by the complexity of the medical problem but by difficulties in organization and hospital structures, sand procedures. Continuous quality improvement is a recommended tool to overcome such difficulties and to increase quality in the long run. This study reports the implementation of benchmarking-based continuous quality improvement to improve postoperative pain management at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A specialised pain nurse interviewed patients of three surgical departments on the first day after surgery, and continuously assessed process and outcome quality parameters. A multidisciplinary team of anaesthetists, surgeons, nurses and pharmacists implemented a regular procedure of data analysing and internal benchmarking. Results and suggested improvements were fed back to the healthcare teams.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1998 to 2002, 6,756 patients were assessed. Average pain on ambulation and maximal pain were 3.7 +/- 2.4 and 5.0 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SD) on a 11-point numeric rating scale. Pain intensity at rest was 1.9 +/- 1.8. Over time, pain intensity on ambulation decreased (P = 0.022) whereas maximal pain and pain at rest remained unchanged. There was an increase in the number of patients who received non-opioid analgesia (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A continuous quality improvement process could be established and is now successfully used in clinical routine. Cornerstones of this project were frequent assessments of process and outcome parameters, regular benchmarking and implementation of feedback mechanisms. Changes in organization of medical management and multidisciplinary teamwork seem to be more important than medical or technical aspects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiolgy and Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany. meissner@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zwacka
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D019985:Benchmarking; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D013903:Thoracic Surgery