title: Adverse reactions to dermal fillers: a review of European experiences.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Europe, numerous dermal fillers have been utilized for the past decade. A lot of drawbacks have been reported and sometimes, severe complications occurred.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our purpose is to report the clinical aspects of the adverse reactions following injections of some of the dermal fillers. Histological aspects of complications are also described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse reactions secondary to biodegradable products are usually time limited, but with the non-biodegradable products, we have observed severe, persistent, and recurrent complications. Histological examinations, in cases of non-biodegradable products, may show the presence and persistence of the filler.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the moment, there is no ideal dermal filler. All fillers can lead to adverse events and we need to inform patients fully before injecting. Clinical studies with long-term follow-up before launching a new product on the market are recommended. We believe that in Europe, at present, the CE mark is not a guarantee of safety of dermal fillers.
authors.affiliation: pandre2@noos.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parc
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Clerici
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000009:adverse effects; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000009:adverse effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000009:adverse effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000009:adverse effects; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology*; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000009:adverse effects; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D008353:Mannitol / Q000009:adverse effects; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000009:adverse effects; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000009:adverse effects; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000009:adverse effects; D012828:Silicones / Q000009:adverse effects; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002482:Cellulose; D003094:Collagen; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D020100:Hydrogels; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008353:Mannitol; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011108:Polymers; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D011126:Polypropylenes; D012828:Silicones; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C445359:Artecoll; C470344:Bio-Alcamid; C482306:Dermalive; C510078:Lutrol F 127; C482305:New-Fill