title: Radiotherapy with 8 MHz radiofrequency-capacitive regional hyperthermia for pain relief of unresectable and recurrent colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the pain relief in patients with unresectable and recurrent colorectal cancer treated with radiation plus 8 MHz radiofrequency-capacitive regional hyperthermia and to identify predictors of the good outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1986-May 2003, 41 patients with primarily unresectable and recurrent colorectal cancer that caused pain were treated with thermoradiotherapy at the hospital and retrospectively analysed. Radiotherapy was administered with a mean total radiation dose of 56 Gy. Hyperthermia was usually applied within 30 min after radiotherapy once or twice a week. For cooling of the skin surface, the overlay boluses were applied in addition to regular boluses. The external cooling unit has been used to reinforce the cooling ability of the overlay bolus and achieve strong surface cooling to reduce the preferential heating of the subcutaneous fat tissue and treat with more RF-output in 17 patients since January 1997.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain relief was obtained in 83% of the patients. Multi-variate analysis by logistic regression to evaluate the effects of certain factors on pain relief (complete response + good response) was strongly correlated with the presence of radiating pain to leg(s) (p < 0.05). The median follow-up was 18 months. The median duration of pain relief was 7.0 months. For the 27 patients in whom the tumour temperature was estimated, the median duration of pain relief was 14.6 months for the patients with a mean average tumour temperature of > 42.5 degrees C and 5.7 months for those of < 42.5 degrees C (p < 0.05). In the 18 patients with radiating pain to leg(s), use of strong superficial cooling and the higher numbers of hyperthermia treatments were better prognostic factors for the duration of pain relief (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy with 8 MHz radiofrequency-capacitive regional hyperthermia provided an efficient, effective means on pain relief of treating unresectable and recurrent colorectal cancer. The duration of pain relief can be prolonged, if an adequate heating is achieved, especially in the patients with radiating pain to the leg(s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. ogurieye@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohguri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010146:Pain / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies