title: [Treatment of thoracic esophageal perforations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of the treatment of patients with thoracic esophageal perforation in order to determine the most appropriate management of this entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of 21 patients (mean age 59 years; 24-82) who presented with thoracic esophageal perforation to our hospital between 1991 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 13 patients (62%) treatment was performed within 24 hours. In the remaining 8 patients the mean delay was 7.2 (2-12) days. In 4 patients (26%) the perforation was confined to the mediastinum and conservative treatment was provided. Of these patients, 1 developed empyema and underwent esophageal resection. Extramediastinal involvement was confirmed in 17 patients (73%) and was treated by a variety of surgical procedures: esophagectomy (n=2), drainage alone (n=2), primary closure (n=2) and reinforced primary repair (n=11). Two patients with simple closure and 1 with reinforced primary closure developed leakage of the suture line resulting in death. The 3 patients who underwent esophagectomy survived. In patients with perforation confined to the mediastinum mortality was 0%, whereas in those with extramediastinal involvement mortality was 23%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracic esophageal perforation leads to high mortality rates and requires early diagnosis and immediate treatment. Conservative management is appropriate in only a few selected patients. When surgical treatment is indicated, we advocate reinforced primary repair regardless of the interval between injury and operation, except when the esophagus is in such poor condition that esophagectomy is the only option.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital de Sagunto, Sagunto, Valencia, España. vplamarti@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pla
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cuesta
authors.forename: Wilhelmus T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: van den Broek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies