title: Detection of activated platelets in canine blood by use of flow cytometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether markers of platelet activation, including P-selectin expression, phosphatidylserine exposure, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, and microparticle formation, could be measured in nonstimulated and stimulated canine blood samples and develop a standardized protocol for detection of activated platelet markers in canine blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 10 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platelet activation was determined by flow cytometric measurement of platelets with P-selectin expression, platelet-leukocyte aggregates, platelet microparticles, and platelets with phosphatidylserine exposure. Changes in specific markers of platelet activation in nonstimulated versus stimulated samples were assessed by use of varying concentrations of 2 platelet agonists, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and adenosine diphosphate. Flow cytometry was used to detect platelet CD61 (glycoprotein IIIa), CD62P (P-selectin), and the leukocyte marker CD45. Annexin V was used to identify exposed phosphatidylserine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference was detected in the percentages of platelets with P-selectin, plateletleukocyte aggregates, microparticles, and platelets with annexin V exposure (phosphatidylserine) in samples stimulated with 10nM PAF versus the nonstimulated samples, with platelet-leukocyte aggregates having the greatest difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platelet activation is essential for thrombus formation and hemostasis and may be potentially useful for evaluation of dogs with suspected thromboembolic disease. Prior to development of a thrombotic state, a prothrombotic state may exist in which only a small number of platelets is activated. Identification of a prothrombotic state by use of activated platelets may help direct medical intervention to prevent a thromboembolic episode.
authors.affiliation: IDEXX Laboratories Inc, Portland, OR 97220, USA.
authors.forename: Tamara B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: K Jane
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wardrop
authors.forename: Ken M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Meyers
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019007:P-Selectin; D010718:Phosphatidylserines