title: Ten year follow-up after radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in the early days forever cured, or a source for new arrhythmias?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is highly effective with a low complication rate. However, lesions created by RF energy are irreversible, inhomogeneous, and therefore potentially proarrhythmic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the magnitude and importance of long-term proarrhythmic effects of RF energy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1991 and 1995, 120 patients underwent RF ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Patient data were collected by contacting patients and/or filling out a questionnaire, and medical files were screened for recurrent, documented arrhythmias, pharmacological treatment, and repeated EP study. Referring cardiologists were asked about recurrences of tachyarrhythmias. Fourteen patients (11%) were lost to follow-up. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, six patients died. Recurrences of AVNRT were not any more observed after 3 years after ablation. A total of 29 patients (24%) suffered from new arrhythmias, 6 from type 1 atrial flutter, 6 from atrial tachycardia, 9 from atrial fibrillation, and finally 16 from symptomatic premature atrial contractions (PACs), needing medical treatment or a combination of these arrhythmias. Nine patients underwent pacemaker implantation, 4 after developing procedural atrioventricular (AV) conduction disturbances, 2 after His ablation for permanent atrial fibrillation, 1 patient for sick sinus syndrome, and another 2 patients after developing late AV block, respectively, 7 and 9 years after ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During long-term follow-up after RF ablation for AVNRT, no AVNRT recurrences were observed, but 29 patients (24%) suffered from new arrhythmias or late AV block. This potential proarrhythmic effect of RF energy promotes the application of alternative energy sources for ablative therapies for cardiac arrhythmias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical Centre Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. kimman@mca.nl
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kimman
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bogaard
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: van Hemel
authors.forename: P F H M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van Dessel
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Jessurun
authors.forename: L V A
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: E F D
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wever
authors.forename: D A M J
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Theuns
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jordaens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013611:Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*