Respiratory syncytial virus G protein and G protein CX3C motif adversely affect CX3CR1+ T cell responses.
Interactions between fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, CX3CR1, mediate leukocyte adhesion, activation, and trafficking. The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G protein has a CX3C chemokine motif that can bind CX3CR1 and modify CXCL1-mediated responses. In this study, we show that expression of the RSV G protein or the G protein CX3C motif during infection is associated with reduced CX3CR1+ T cell trafficking to the lung, reduced frequencies of RSV-specific, MHC class I-restricted IFN-gamma-expressing cells, and lower numbers of IL-4- and CX3CL1-expressing cells. In addition, we show that CX3CR1+ cells constitute a major component of the cytotoxic response to RSV infection. These results suggest that G protein and the G protein CX3C motif reduce the antiviral T cell response to RSV infection.
Harcourt
Jennifer
J
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Viral and Enteric Virus Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Alvarez
Rene
R
Jones
Les P
LP
Henderson
Christine
C
Anderson
Larry J
LJ
Tripp
Ralph A
RA
D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D002464:Cell Migration Inhibition; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; C471885:Cx3cr1 protein, mouse; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C116204:attachment protein G; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma