title: Innate immune recognition of viral infection.
abstract: Induction of the antiviral innate immune response depends on recognition of viral components by host pattern-recognition receptors. Members of the Toll-like receptor family have emerged as key sensors that recognize viral components such as nucleic acids. Toll-like receptor signaling results in the production of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines and leads to dendritic cell maturation and establishment of antiviral immunity. Cells also express cytoplasmic RNA helicases that function as alternative pattern-recognition receptors through recognition of double-stranded RNA produced during virus replication. These two classes of pattern-recognition receptor molecules are expressed in different intracellular compartments and induce type I interferon responses via distinct signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018448:Models, Immunological; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D007370:Interferon Type I; C505371:MAVS protein, human; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012367:RNA, Viral; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D020365:RNA Helicases