title: Practical tips for modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia in cattle.
abstract: Segmental dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia has been considered difficult to perform. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not it is difficult for beginners to learn how to do modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia of cattle. Thirty cattle were divided into two groups, young (n = 8) and adult (n = 22), according to their age and body weight, and 0.12% new methylene blue (NMB) was injected into the first interlumbar (L1.L2) epidural space by four fifth-year veterinary school students who had never performed this method. After a 1 hour lecture on the modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia procedure which included basic anatomy and skills, each student successfully performed the procedure. In the young group, the NMB solution was distributed between the periosteum and the epidural fat (BPF) in one half and between the epidural fat and the dura mater (BFD) in the other half of the cattle. In about 60% (13/22) of the adult group, the NMB solution distributed as BFD type. This study showed that the modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia procedure is easy for beginners to perform if they overcome their fear about the deeper insertion of the epidural needle with basic anatomical knowledge and a little experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. inlee@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Inhyung
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oboshi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004520:Education, Veterinary / Q000379:methods*; D004824:Epidural Space; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D008751:Methylene Blue