Anti-viral protein APOBEC3G is induced by interferon-alpha stimulation in human hepatocytes.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic-polypeptide 3G (APOBEC3G) is a potent inhibitor of infection by a wide range of retroviruses. Although recent reports have suggested that human APOBEC3G exerts antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus, APOBEC3G expression is normally low in the human liver. To clarify the role of APOBEC3G in cellular defenses against hepatitis viruses, the regulation of the APOBEC3G expression was investigated in human hepatocytes. Endogenous transcripts of nine APOBEC family members were barely detectable in quiescent liver cells. However, APOBEC3G was significantly up-regulated in response to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) stimulation in HepG2, Huh-7, and primary human hepatocytes. IFN regulatory factor elements that are important for IFN-inducible promoter activity were identified 5' upstream from the human APOBEC3G gene. Our findings provided the first evidence showing that APOBEC3G is induced by IFN stimulation in human hepatocytes and thus could be involved in host defense mechanisms directed against hepatitis viruses.
Tanaka
Yuichi
Y
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Marusawa
Hiroyuki
H
Seno
Hiroshi
H
Matsumoto
Yuko
Y
Ueda
Yoshihide
Y
Kodama
Yuzo
Y
Endo
Yoko
Y
Yamauchi
Junichi
J
Matsumoto
Tomonori
T
Takaori-Kondo
Akifumi
A
Ikai
Iwao
I
Chiba
Tsutomu
T
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012313:RNA; D008156:Luciferases; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase