title: Modified nasal cannula for simultaneous oxygen delivery and end-tidal CO2 monitoring during spontaneous breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Supplemental oxygen is commonly given via nasal cannulae in spontaneously breathing patients. Our modified nasal cannula with a clamp between the nasal prongs can provide O2 via one nostril and CO2 can be sampled through the other one. We have studied whether this cannula can provide oxygenation similar to a standard cannula without affecting end-tidal CO2 monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-six patients were studied during spinal anaesthesia and sedation. In 15 patients, arterial blood was sampled while O2 was delivered at flow rates of 0, 2 and 4 L min(-1), with or without clamping between the prongs of our modified nasal cannula. In the remaining 71 patients, arterial O2 was measured while using our modified nasal cannula with the clamp applied. End-tidal CO2 was recorded on a capnograph and the correlation between end-tidal and arterial values with our modified nasal cannula was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No end-tidal CO2 waveforms were found with oxygen flow greater than 2L min(-1) without clamping between the prongs. With clamping there was a significant correlation (r = 0.83) between arterial and end-tidal CO2. A Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.49 kPa with precision of +/-0.76 kPa. Arterial oxygenation was not affected by our modified nasal prongs with clamp as compared to the standard cannula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our modified nasal cannula can provide continuous monitoring of end-tidal CO2 without affecting oxygen delivery in sedated, spontaneously breathing patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yanagidate
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide