title: Multiple-image radiography for human soft tissue.
abstract: Conventional radiography only provides a measure of the X-ray attenuation caused by an object; thus, it is insensitive to other inherent informative effects, such as refraction. Furthermore, conventional radiographs are degraded by X-ray scatter that can obscure important details of the object being imaged. The novel X-ray technology diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) has recently allowed the visualization of nearly scatter-free images displaying both attenuation and refraction properties. A new method termed multiple-image radiography (MIR) is a significant improvement over DEI, corrects errors in DEI, is more robust to noise and produces an additional image that is entirely new to medical imaging. This new image, which portrays ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) conveys the presence of microstructure in the object, thus differentiating homogeneous tissues from tissues that are irregular on a scale of micrometres. The aim of this study was to examine the use of MIR for evaluation of soft tissue, and in particular to conduct a preliminary investigation of the USAXS image, which has not previously been used in tissue imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Carol_Muehleman@rush.edu
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muehleman
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Jovan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Brankov
authors.forename: Miles N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Wernick
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D002102:Cadaver; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005528:Foot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013933:Thumb / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging