title: Air pollution and lung cancer risks in China--a meta-analysis.
abstract: Lung cancer is a serious health problem in China, as in the rest of the world. Many studies have already proved that air pollution as well as other environmental factors can increase the risk of lung cancer. Based on epidemiological studies carried out in China, this paper proposes odds ratios (OR) to evaluate the risk of lung cancer from indoor air pollution for the Chinese population by applying the method of meta-analysis. For domestic coal use for heating and cooking, the pooled OR values are 1.83 (95% CI: 0.62-5.41) and 2.66 (1.39-5.07) for women and both sexes, respectively. For indoor exposure to coal dust, the OR values are 2.52 (95% CI: 1.94-3.28) and 2.42 (1.62-3.63) for women and both sexes, respectively. Cooking oil vapor is another factor increasing lung cancer risk. The OR values are 2.12 (95%CI: 1.81-2.47), 1.78 (1.50-2.12) and 6.20 (2.88-13.32) for nonsmoking women, women, and both sexes, respectively. Regarding environmental tobacco smoke, the pooled OR values are 1.70 (95% CI: 1.32-2.18) and 1.64 (1.29-2.07) for nonsmoking women and both sexes, respectively. Funnel plots with statistical test have been applied to examine the publication bias, and the results implied that the analysis of coal consumption and cooking oil pollution might be affected by publication bias. The meta-analysis results confirm the association between lung cancer and indoor air pollution for the Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shuxiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aunan
authors.forename: Hans Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seip
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003296:Cooking; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006361:Heating; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010938:Plant Oils; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust; D010938:Plant Oils; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution