title: Facial sculpting and tissue augmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Until recently, deep facial sculpting was exclusively the domain of surgical interventions. Recent advances in the available array of dermal and subdermal fillers combined with an esthetic appreciation by both surgeons and nonsurgeons alike of the positive effect of filling the volume-depleted face have led to an expansion in the indications for the use of soft tissue augmenting agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subdermal support of the lateral two-thirds of the brow, the nasojugal fold, the malar and buccal fat pads, the lateral lip commissures, and the perioral region, including the pre-jowl sulcus, all restore youthful facial contour and harmony. An important advance in technique is the subdermal rather than the intradermal injection plane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Instant" facial sculpting giving a brow-lift, cheek-lift, lip expansion, and perioral augmentation is possible using modern soft tissue augmenting agents. The softer, more relaxed appearance contrasts to the somewhat "pulled" appearance of subjects who have had surgical overcorrections. Treatments can be combined with botulinum toxin and other procedures if required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newer advances in the use of fillers include the use of fillers injected in the subdermal plane for "lunchtime" facial sculpting. Using the modern esthetic filler compounds, which are biodegradable but longer lasting, subjects can have a "rehearsal" treatment or make it ongoing. Some individuals, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related lipoatrophy or those who desire to obtain a longer-lasting effect, may elect to use a nonbiodegradable filling agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. drjean@carruthers.net
authors.forename: Jean D A
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carruthers
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D008863:Microspheres; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015595:Skin Aging
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D012827:Silicone Oils; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; C445361:Restylane