title: Metallothionein expression and infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes in uterine and tubal implantation sites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of increasing number of immune cells in the endometrium during the decidualization, the integrity of endometrial tissue in each menstrual cycle is maintained by adaptive changes in expression of several factors that regulate activity of immune cells and concomitant hormonal alterations during the menstrual cycle. This regulatory function of endometrium is also related to resistance to apoptosis, in which metallothionein (MT) may play a role.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study group included 26 women with spontaneous abortion and 18 patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy. Control group included 17 women whose endometrial tissue samples were taken during the normal secretory cycle phase. Expression of metallothionein (MT), CD56 and CD69 were assessed in tissue samples by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of CD56-positive cells was significantly higher in women with ruptured than unruptured ectopics. MT expression was higher in tubal mucosa distant from the implantation site in ruptured compared to unruptured ectopics. It was found also to be significantly lower than in decidua taken from women with spontaneous abortion. CD69 expression was similar in women with spontaneous abortion as well as patients with ruptured ectopics compared to the control group. On the other hand, CD69 expression in unruptured ectopics was significantly lower than in women with spontaneous abortion and the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concentration of immune cells and increase of their activity in tubal mucosa, with insufficient protection against immune-mediated apoptosis assessed by MT expression, might result in tubal rupture during ectopic pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Gynecology and Infertility Department, Jagiellonian University, 23 Kopernik Street, 30-501 Krakow, Poland. mowicher@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wicherek
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Galazka
authors.forename: Tadeusz J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Popiela
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dutsch-Wicherek
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czekierdowski
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pabian
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Banas
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migdal
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klimek
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D003656:Decidua / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008668:Metallothionein; D000099192:CD69 Antigens