title: Oral ddAVP for nighttime urinary incontinence in characterized nursing home residents: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (1) identify abnormalities in arginine vasopressin (AVP, a water-conserving hormone) secretion and release in nursing home (NH) residents with nighttime urinary incontinence (UI); and (2) perform a pilot test of desmopressin acetate (ddAVP, a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring hormone) replacement in these residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic evaluation and open-label treatment trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two community nursing homes in a metropolitan area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female NH residents 65 years of age and older with nighttime UI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characterizations of AVP status followed by a 7-day open-label trial of oral ddAVP (either 0.1 mg or 0.2 mg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Water deprivation test results, AVP levels, voided volumes, number of voids, incontinent episodes, number of nighttime checks found wet (out of 6 total checks per night).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants had measurable AVP levels of 2.0 pg/mL or higher. Six of 10 individuals had an abnormal water deprivation test. Two of 4 participants on 0.2 mg of ddAVP and 2 of 6 participants on 0.1 mg had a 200 mL or more mean reduction in nighttime urine volume. Both ddAVP dosages yielded a mean reduction of 0.7 fewer nighttime wet checks found wet. One participant in each group developed hyponatremia (1 of 6 on 0.1 mg and 1 of 4 on 0.2 mg). Hyponatremia resolved with discontinuation of the drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both 0.1 mg and 0.2 mg of ddAVP given to carefully screened NH residents for 7 days produced a modest average reduction in nighttime urine volume and number of nighttime incontinent episodes that is likely of little clinical importance. The role of ddAVP in this population requires further research.
authors.affiliation: The Birmingham/Atlanta VA Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA. Ted.Johnson@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pillion
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ouslander
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000097:blood*; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D041382:Diapers, Adult; D004775:Enuresis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014563:Urodynamics; D014868:Water Deprivation
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D012964:Sodium; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin