title: Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through the p53 dependent apoptotic pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the anticancer effect of AE (1,8-dihydroy-3-[hydroxymethyl]-anthraquione) in the T24 human bladder cancer cell line (Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan) by studying apoptosis regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  AE, which is purified from aloe vera leaves, has been reported to have antitumor activity. Cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometric methods. Levels of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and other enzyme were examined by Western blotting methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AE inhibited cell viability, and induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in T24 cells. AE increased the levels of Wee1 and cdc25c, and may have led to inhibition of the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1, which cause G2/M arrest. AE induced p53 expression and was accompanied by the induction of p21 and caspase-3 activation, which was associated with apoptosis. In addition, AE was associated with a marked increase in Fas/APO1 receptor and Bax expression but it inhibited Bcl-2 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AE induced apoptosis in T24 cells is mediated through the activation of p53, p21, Fas/APO-1, Bax and caspase-3.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jaung-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Guang-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Te-Mao
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Se-Tze
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chouh
authors.forename: Tzu-Wei
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Jing-Gung
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004642:Emodin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C518327:aloe emodin; D004642:Emodin