title: The problem of how fungal and oomycete avirulence proteins enter plant cells.
abstract: Recent advances in cloning avirulence genes from a rust fungus and three oomycete species have provided the novel insight that these eukaryotic plant pathogens deliver small proteins into the host cell cytoplasm where they are recognized by resistance proteins. Anne Rehmany et al. have recently identified a potential host-targeting signal in oomycete avirulence proteins from Hyaloperonospora parasitica, Phytophthora sojae and Phytophthora infestans that might be involved in transporting proteins into the host cell. This signal is surprisingly similar to the host targeting signal used by the malaria pathogen Plasmodium fulciparum to target virulence proteins to the mammalian host cell.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO-Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. jeff.ellis@csiro.au
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Ann-Maree
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Catanzariti
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dodds
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000382:microbiology; D019597:Flax; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction; D011198:Solanum tuberosum; D013025:Glycine max
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins