title: Anatomic factors in recurrent pregnancy loss.
abstract: Anatomic uterine defects are present in 15% of women evaluated for three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions. These anatomic abnormalities can be classified as congenital or acquired. In addition to pregnancy loss, uterine malformations appear to predispose women to other reproductive difficulties including infertility, preterm labor, and abnormal presentation. These poor reproductive outcomes resulting from uterine septum, intrauterine adhesions, polyps, and fibroids are amenable to surgical correction. Therefore, it is essential to make an accurate diagnosis to offer an adequate treatment. In this article, we review the common congenital and acquired uterine anomalies associated with recurrent pregnancy losses, and discuss contemporary diagnosis and treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Devi Wold
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arici
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009095:Mullerian Ducts / Q000002:abnormalities; D011247:Pregnancy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence / Q000473:pathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities*
chemical_list: D004054:Diethylstilbestrol