title: Cytokine and Toll-like receptor mRNAs in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues of cattle during foot-and-mouth disease virus infection.
abstract: The pharyngeal region is known to play an important role in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in relation to acute disease and viral persistence. In this study, the local mucosal immune response in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) of cattle infected with FMDV (strain O UKG 34/2001) was examined. Quantitative "real-time" RT-PCR assays were used to measure mRNA expression of cytokines (IFN-alpha, beta and gamma, IL-2, IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha) and Toll-like receptors (TLR)-3 and -4. NALTs from dorsal soft palate were collected from cattle at 7 days post-infection (dpi) and from carriers and non-carriers at 64 dpi. Expression of IFN-alpha mRNA was significantly greater in NALT during acute disease than in uninfected animals. Increased expression of IFN-gamma and IL-1alpha mRNA was also observed but was much lower than IFN-alpha expression. There was a slight increase in mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-2. During persistence, TNF-alpha mRNA expression in carrier cattle was much higher than in non-carrier cattle. Expression of TLR-4 in NALT during the acute stage of infection was greater than in uninfected animals. Carrier and non-carrier cattle did not differ in respect of expression of TLR-3 and -4 mRNA in NALT.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bashiruddin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horsington
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alexandersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors