title: [MRI of arthritis with the USPIO SH U 555 C: optimization of T1 enhancement].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize contrast agent dose and pulse sequence parameters in order to achieve a maximal T1 enhancement in arthritic knee joints with ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO)-enhanced MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antigen-mediated arthritis was induced in the right knee of nine Sprague Dawley rats. The arthritic knee joint as well as the contralateral normal knee were investigated in a 2 Tesla MR scanner before as well as in short intervals up to 2 h after USPIO injection, using T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) sequences. Three rats each received intravenous injections of the new USPIO SHU 555 C (SH U 555 C, Schering AG, Berlin) at doses of 40, 100 and 200 micromol Fe/kg. Pulse sequence parameters of the GE-sequence were optimized by varying flip angles (alpha) and echo times (TE). Changes in signal intensities (SI) of the arthritic knee and contralateral normal knee were quantified as DeltaSI (%) = /([SIpost - SIpre] / SIpre) x 100 %/ and compared with histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histology of the arthritic knees demonstrated a marked inflammatory proliferation of the synovium. The USPIO SH U 555 C caused a significant increase in signal intensity of the arthritic joints on T1-weighted MR images (p < 0.05). This effect was optimized using a flip angle of 60-70 degrees, a minimal TE and a dose of 200 micromol Fe/kg. Visually the contralateral normal knee did not show any USPIO enhancement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammation can be depicted with marked T1 enhancement by the USPIO SH U 555 C using high contrast agent doses and optimized MR pulse sequence parameters.
authors.affiliation: Radiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. gsimon@radiology-ucsf.edu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daldrup-Link
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Vopelius-Feldt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wendland
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rummeny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D005260:Female; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007501:Iron; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide