title: Associations between substance use and sexual risk among very young men who have sex with men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if an association exists in young men who have sex with men (MSM) between being under the influence of alcohol or drugs during sex and participation in sexual behaviors which increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3492 young MSM were interviewed through the Young Men's Survey, an anonymous, cross-sectional, multisite, venue-based survey conducted from 1994 through 1998 at 194 public venues frequented by MSM aged 15 to 22 years in 7 US cities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of young MSM reported both receptive and insertive anal intercourse, and of these, approximately half reported not using condoms. Report of unprotected receptive anal intercourse at least once in the prior 6 months was associated with being under the influence of alcohol (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.2-1.8), cocaine (AOR=1.6; 95% CI=1.1-2.2), amphetamines (AOR=1.5; 95% CI=1.1-2.0) or marijuana during sex (AOR=1.3; 95% CI=1.1-1.6). Report of unprotected insertive anal intercourse at least once in the prior 6 months was associated with being under the influence of alcohol (AOR=1.2; 95% CI=1.0-1.5), cocaine (AOR=1.5; 95% CI=1.1-2.0) or amphetamines (AOR=1.9; 95% CI=1.4-2.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV prevention strategies for young MSM need to incorporate substance use risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. dcelenta@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Celentano
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Valleroy
authors.forename: Frangiscos
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sifakis
authors.forename: Duncan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: MacKellar
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hylton
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thiede
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Shehan
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stoyanoff
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LaLota
authors.forename: Beryl A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Koblin
authors.forename: Mitchell H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Lucia V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Torian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs