title: Recalls of spices due to bacterial contamination monitored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration: the predominance of Salmonellae.
abstract: From 1980 to 2000, the annual per capita consumption of spices in the United States increased by 60% (from 1.0 to 1.6 kg per person per year). Although spices are known to harbor various molds, fungi, and bacteria, relatively few reports have documented this group of foods as the cause of human illness. In recent years, however, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has noted an increased number of recalls of dried spices due to bacterial contamination. Accordingly, we reviewed spice recalls that took place in the United States from fiscal years 1970 to 2003. During the study period, the FDA monitored 21 recalls involving 12 spice types contaminated with bacterial pathogens; in all but one instance, the recalled spices contained Salmonella. Paprika was the spice most often involved in the recalls. A wide variety of countries were the source of the recalled spices. Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Salmonella Surveillance System, we were unable to discern any increases in the reported incidence of laboratory-confirmed salmonellosis in states that received spices contaminated with selected rare Salmonella serotypes. A variety of effective methods exist to disinfect spices, procedures that have attained increased importance given the frequent use of spices in ready-to-eat foods and the potential for contaminated spices to cause widespread outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA.
authors.forename: Vibha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vij
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ailes
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolyniak
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.forename: Karl C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Klontz
mesh_terms: D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017365:Spices / Q000382:microbiology*; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration