title: Association between polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1 and APE1, and the risk of prostate cancer in white and black Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  XRCC1 and APE1 are enzymes involved in the repair of DNA strand breaks and base damage that arise from various endogenous and exogenous oxidants. We determined whether polymorphisms in XRCC1 and APE1 increase the risk of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study in 228 white American men, 124 black American men, and 335 age, sex and race matched controls. Polymorphisms at codon 399 in XRCC1, and at codons 51 and 148 in APE1 were determined using an restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Frequencies were compared between cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly increased risk of prostate cancer was observed in white men with the XRCC1(399Gln) allele (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4). When APE1 and XRCC1 polymorphisms were evaluated together, we found an increased risk of the XRCC1(399Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln)/APE1(51Gln/Gln) (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3 to 12.5) and XRCC1(399Arg/Gln+Gln/Gln)/APE1(148Asp/Asp) (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 6.1) genotypes in white men. Significant associations were found between combined genotypes and prostate cancer risk with a dose-effect relationship in white men (trend test p = 0.035 and 0.039, respectively). No significant associations were observed between polymorphisms in these genes and prostate cancer risk in black men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that inherited variability in DNA repair capacity, as reflected by polymorphisms in XRCC1 and APE1, is a risk factor for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ambrosone
authors.forename: Jihyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pow-Sang
authors.forename: Jong Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004260:DNA Repair; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076105:X-ray Repair Cross Complementing Protein 1; C000619371:XRCC1 protein, human; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase