title: Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon associated with hypercalcemia and hyperleukocytosis. Report of a case.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Squamous cell carcinoma of the colon is a rare entity. We report a case of a patient who presented with a perforated squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 45-year-old female presented with a 2-month history of worsening abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and vomiting. She underwent an exploratory laparotomy and was found to have keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon that had perforated forming multiple abscess cavities. The postoperative course was complicated by hypercalcemia and persistent hyperleukocytosis, ultimately resulting in the patient's death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present the second reported case of squamous cell carcinoma of the colon associated with hypercalcemia and the first reported case of associated hyperleukocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Silaja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yitta
authors.forename: Mike K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Herman T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Jenifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged