title: Ciliated cells differentiated from mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: In the present study, we demonstrated that the mouse embryonic stem cells were differentiated into ciliated epithelial cells, with characteristics of normal ciliated cells. These cells expressed ciliary marker proteins, such as beta-tubulin IV and hepatocyte nuclear factor-3/forkhead homolog 4 (HFH-4), and processed microtubules were arranged in the 9 + 2 structure, which is the same specific alignment observed in normal ciliary microtubules. The cilia of these cells were beating at a frequency of 17-20 Hz. The differentiated embryoid bodies (EBs) containing these ciliated cells expressed respiratory marker genes such as thyroid transcription factor-1 and surfactant protein-C. For the induction of ciliated cells, culture of EBs in serum-free medium during the initial 2 days of the attachment was indispensable. When EBs were treated with bone morphogenetic proteins, the expression of HFH-4 was decreased, and the ciliated cells were scarcely differentiated. Previous methods for inducing ciliated cells in vitro from embryonic or adult tissues involved an air-liquid interface. The system used in this study more closely mimics the normal development of ciliated cells; thus, an added advantage of the system is as a tool for studying the differentiation mechanism of normal ciliated epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Tatsuo S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hamazaki
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komazaki
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okochi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins