title: Determinants of model of renarrowing after beta radiation for in-stent restenosis.
abstract: It is unknown whether model of renarrowing after beta-radiation for in-stent restenosis (ISR) is influenced by the type of geographic miss (GM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 166 ISR treated with Galileo, serial quantitative coronary angiographic analysis was done. Minimal lumen diameters and lengths were measured for (1) stent, (2) peri-stent subsegments subjected to angioplasty with/without irradiation, and (3) irradiation margins. GM was defined as: (Type 1) edge injury within the 32P source dose fall-off: 2.0 mm inside and outside the source end marker or (Type 2) overt, nonirradiated injury: beyond the outer 2.0-mm long dose fall-off zone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Restenosis rate was 28.3% at 8.9+/-4.5 months with 60% located exclusively outside the stent. Type 1 GM was present in 24.7% of proximal edges, whereas Type 2 in 18.1%. Respective percentages for distal edges were 23.5% and 15.7%. Regardless of presence and type of GM, significant late lumen loss occurred only outside the stent. However, the biggest late lumen loss at the proximal edge was induced by the Type 1 GM (0.65+/-0.79, p<0.001), while proximal Type 2 GM was not associated with edge renarrowing (-0.04+/-0.48, p=NS). Both reference lumen diameter and proximal Type 1 GM influenced restenosis independently (OR 0.47; 95%CI 0.24-0.90; p=0.023 and OR 2.46; 95%CI 1.12-5.40; p=0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of presence and type of geographic miss, late lumen loss after beta-radiation occurs only outside the stent. However, injury within the proximal 32P dose fall-off but not overt edge injury is associated with the biggest late lumen loss at the respective edge, triggering recurrent restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Haemodynamics Department, Institute of Cardiology, 42 Alpejska St., 04-628, Warsaw, Poland. witkowski@hbz.pl
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chmielak
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Kalińczuk
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pregowski
authors.forename: Cezary
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kepka
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruk
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Przyłuski
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Łyczek
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bulski
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawczyńska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owczarczyk
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruzyłło
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001610:Beta Particles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes