title: Anti-viral protein APOBEC3G is induced by interferon-alpha stimulation in human hepatocytes.
abstract: Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic-polypeptide 3G (APOBEC3G) is a potent inhibitor of infection by a wide range of retroviruses. Although recent reports have suggested that human APOBEC3G exerts antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus, APOBEC3G expression is normally low in the human liver. To clarify the role of APOBEC3G in cellular defenses against hepatitis viruses, the regulation of the APOBEC3G expression was investigated in human hepatocytes. Endogenous transcripts of nine APOBEC family members were barely detectable in quiescent liver cells. However, APOBEC3G was significantly up-regulated in response to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) stimulation in HepG2, Huh-7, and primary human hepatocytes. IFN regulatory factor elements that are important for IFN-inducible promoter activity were identified 5' upstream from the human APOBEC3G gene. Our findings provided the first evidence showing that APOBEC3G is induced by IFN stimulation in human hepatocytes and thus could be involved in host defense mechanisms directed against hepatitis viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marusawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seno
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takaori-Kondo
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikai
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006518:Hepatitis Viruses / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012313:RNA; D008156:Luciferases; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase