title: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in healthy goats in India: occurrence and virulence properties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the occurrence and virulence gene pattern of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in healthy goats of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 220 E. coli strains belonging to 60 different 'O' serogroups was isolated from 206 local (nonmigratory) and 69 migratory goats. All the 220 strains were screened for the presence of stx(1), stx(2), eaeA and hlyA genes. Twenty-eight E. coli (75.6%) strains from local and nine (24.3%) strains from migratory goats belonging to 18 different serogroups showed at least presence of one virulence gene studied. Twenty-eight strains (16.47%) (belonging to 13 different serogroups) from local goats carried stx(1) gene alone or in combination with stx(2) gene, while as only one strain (2%) from migratory goats possessed stx(2) gene alone. Interestingly in the present study none of the STEC strains carried eaeA gene. Similarly, none of the strains from local goats possessed eaeA and none of the migratory goats possessed stx(1) gene. Eight strains (16%) (belonging to four different serogroups) from migratory goats carried eaeA gene. Twenty-five (14.7%) and seven (14%) strains from local and migratory goats harboured hlyA gene respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy goats of Jammu and Kashmir state serve as a reservoir of STEC and EPEC. Further studies in this direction are needed to work out whether or not they are transmitted to humans in this part of world.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first report of isolation of STEC and EPEC strains from healthy goats in Jammu and Kashmir State of India, which could be a source of infection to humans.
authors.affiliation: Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India. microlab@sancharnet.in
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Munshi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology*; D007194:India; D012703:Serotyping; D022603:Shiga Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D022603:Shiga Toxins