title: Meta-analysis on the G-308A tumor necrosis factor alpha gene variant and phenotypes associated with the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The G-308A tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha gene variant has been associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hypertension. We performed a systematical review of the literature by means of a meta-analysis to assess the association of the G-308A TNFalpha polymorphism with the components of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were identified by searches of the literature for reports using the terms: diabetes, insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity or metabolic syndrome and TNF, variants or polymorphism or alleles, and Nco or -308. From 824 reports, we included 31 observational studies, case control and cohort at baseline, which analyzed the association between the TNFalpha polymorphism and one or more components of the metabolic syndrome. A fixed effect model was used to pool data from individual studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obesity [odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.045 to 1.45; p = 0.013] in a total of 3562 individuals from eight homogeneous studies, systolic arterial blood pressure (standardized difference, 0.132; 95% CI, 0.016 to 0.25; p < 0.03) in a total of 1624 individuals from four homogeneous studies and plasma insulin levels (standardized difference, 0.095; 95% CI, 0.020 to 0.17; p = 0.013) in a total of 3720 subjects from 16 homogeneous studies were positively associated with the -308A variant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that individuals who carried the -308A TNFalpha gene variant are at 23% risk of developing obesity compared with controls and showed significantly higher systolic arterial blood pressure and plasma insulin levels, supporting the hypothesis that the TNFalpha gene is involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Medical Research, A. Lanari, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Silvia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sookoian
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pirola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha