title: CTLA-4 lacking the cytoplasmic domain costimulates IL-2 production in T-cell hybridomas.
abstract: Optimal T-cell activation depends on the antigen-specific signal mediated by the TCR and engagement of costimulatory receptors such as CD28. CTLA-4, a homologous counterpart of CD28, is considered to be a crucial inhibitory receptor. To test its function separately from CD28 in an antigen-driven and ligand-specific model, we stably transfected the T-cell hybridomas A1.1 and DO11.10, which lack significant endogenous CD28 or CTLA-4 expression, with wild-type CTLA-4 (CTLA-4 WT) and a construct lacking the cytoplasmic tail (tailless [TL]). Functional studies were carried out by co-incubation with APC expressing the B7 ligands for CTLA-4 and appropriate MHC molecules loaded with their cognate antigens. IL-2 production on costimulation of CTLA-4WT and TCR did not differ significantly from untransfected controls. However, coligation of TCR and CTLA-4TL resulted in a vigorous IL-2 response specific for the interaction of CTLA-4 with B7. Thus, lack of the cytoplasmic tail converted CTLA-4 into a costimulatory receptor. This indicates that the CTLA-4 inhibitory function may not be attributable to sequestration of the common B7 ligands when competing with CD28. Rather, ligation of B7 by the CTLA-4 extracellular domain can enhance TCR activation, whereas in the full-length receptor, inhibitory signals mediated by the cytoplasmic domain may override this activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. axel.hueber@med3.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Axel J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hueber
authors.forename: Franziska G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Matzkies
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahmeh
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manger
authors.forename: Joachim R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kalden
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D000939:Epitopes; D006801:Humans; D006825:Hybridomas; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C556707:Ctla4 protein, mouse; D000939:Epitopes; D007376:Interleukin-2