title: Quality of life in dementia: more than just cognition. An analysis of associations with quality of life in dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the extent to which commonly used measures of specific outcomes in dementia are an appropriate proxy for quality of life in dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross sectional study set in communities in London and Nottingham, comprising 101 people with dementia and their 99 main family caregivers. The main outcome measures were health related quality of life in dementia (measured by the DEMQOL-Proxy), cognition (Mini Mental State Examination), functional impairment (Barthel Index), behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia (Neuropsychiatric Inventory; NPI), and carer mental health (General Health Questionnaire).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On univariate analysis, decreased quality of life was statistically significantly correlated with higher levels of behavioural and psychological disturbance (NPI total score and its agitation, depression, anxiety, disinhibition, and irritability subscales); younger age of the person with dementia; and poorer mental health of the carer. Quality of life was not statistically significantly associated with cognition or carer age. In a multivariate model, psychological and behavioural disturbance and patient age remained statistically significantly associated with quality of life. Carer mental health was no longer statistically significantly associated, and cognition and functional limitation remained statistically insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that quality of life in dementia is complex, and that simple proxy substitutions of discrete measures such as cognition or function are likely to miss important factors.
authors.affiliation: PO Box 26, Section of Mental Health and Ageing, Health Services Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK. s.banerjee@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lamping
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapp
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic