title: HPV detection in primary intra-oral squamous cell carcinomas--commensal, aetiological agent or contamination?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV) are reported to be significant independent risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The prevalence of HPV in OSCC in a South African population sample was evaluated comparing three different HPV detection methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumour and adjacent morphologically normal oral mucosa of 59 resections of primary OSCC were evaluated for the presence of HPV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), conventional in situ hybridization (ISH), and a signal amplification ISH technique (Dako GenPoint).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV18 DNA was detected in seven cases using real-time PCR. No positivity was found with the other two ISH techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We support the view that HPV is probably unimportant in the pathogenesis of OSCC and hypothesize HPV detection techniques as the main reason for the positive results in many studies. Real-time PCR was confirmed as the most sensitive technique, but researchers are urged to incorporate strict internal controls when using this detection method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. sonja.boy@up.ac.za
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boy
authors.forename: Estrelita Janse Van
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Van Rensburg
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelbrecht
authors.forename: Leonora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dreyer
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Heerden
authors.forename: Willie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Heerden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D016591:Histocytological Preparation Techniques; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral