title: Predicting the thermal inactivation of bacteria in a solid matrix: simulation studies on the relative effects of microbial thermal resistance parameters and process conditions.
abstract: A combined mathematical model for predicting heat penetration and microbial inactivation in a solid body heated by conduction was tested experimentally by inoculating agar cylinders with Salmonella typhimurium or Enterococcus faecium and heating in a water bath. Regions of growth where bacteria had survived after heating were measured by image analysis and compared with model predictions. Visualisation of the regions of growth was improved by incorporating chromogenic metabolic indicators into the agar. Preliminary tests established that the model performed satisfactorily with both test organisms and with cylinders of different diameter. The model was then used in simulation studies in which the parameters D, z, inoculum size, cylinder diameter and heating temperature were systematically varied. These simulations showed that the biological variables D, z and inoculum size had a relatively small effect on the time needed to eliminate bacteria at the cylinder axis in comparison with the physical variables heating temperature and cylinder diameter, which had a much greater relative effect.
authors.affiliation: School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK. b.m.mackey@reading.ac.uk
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fryer
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000254:growth & development*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D000362:Agar