title: Destiny of autologous bone marrow-derived stromal cells implanted in the vocal fold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the destiny of implanted autologous bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BSCs) containing mesenchymal stem cells. We previously reported the successful regeneration of an injured vocal fold through implantation of BSCs in a canine model. However, the fate of the implanted BSCs was not examined. In this study, implanted BSCs were traced in order to determine the type of tissues resulting at the injected site of the vocal fold.
  
  
  METHODS
  After harvest of bone marrow from the femurs of green fluorescent transgenic mice, adherent cells were cultured and selectively amplified. By means of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, it was confirmed that some cells were strongly positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers, including CD29, CD44, CD49e, and Sca-1. These cells were then injected into the injured vocal fold of a nude rat. Immunohistologic examination of the resected vocal folds was performed 8 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implanted cells were alive in the host tissues and showed positive expression for keratin and desmin, markers for epithelial tissue and muscle, respectively. The implanted BSCs differentiated into more than one tissue type in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell-based tissue engineering using BSCs may improve the quality of the healing process in vocal fold injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanemaru
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Akhmar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magrufov
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Hisanobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Fuku-ichiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Tae Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Masanao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Juichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D005269:Femur; D007267:Injections; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014827:Vocal Cords
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD