title: Hollow fiber-mediated liquid-phase microextraction of chemical warfare agents from water.
abstract: Unambiguous detection and identification of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and related compounds are of paramount importance from verification point of view of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). It requires development of fast, reliable, simple and reproducible sample preparation of CWAs from water which is likely to be contaminated during deliberate or inadvertent spread of CWAs. This work describes development of hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) method for efficient extraction of CWAs (such as sarin, sulfur mustard and their analogues) from water followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis. Extraction parameters, such as organic solvent, agitation, extraction time, and salt concentration were optimized. Best recoveries of target analytes were achieved using 1 microL trichloroethylene as extracting solvent, 1000 rpm stirring rate, 15 min extraction time, and 30% NaCl. Excellent precision was observed with less than 7.6% RSD. The limit of detection by HF-LPME was achieved up to 0.1 microg/L at 30% salt concentration.
authors.affiliation: Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India. dkdubey@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pardasani
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Meehir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palit
authors.forename: Pankaj K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kanaujia
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tak
mesh_terms: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical