Effect of combined oxidative and nitrosative stress on Neisseria meningitidis.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are produced by the human immune system in response to infection. Methods to detoxify these reactive species are vital to the survival of human pathogens, such as Neisseria meningitidis, which is the major aetiological agent of bacterial meningitis. Following activation, macrophages produce superoxide (O(2)(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide (NO). The toxicity of O(2)(-), generated using X/Xo (xanthine/xanthine oxidase), and H(2)O(2) was investigated in the presence and absence of the NO donor DEA-NONOate [2-(N,N-diethylamino)-diazenolate-2-oxide diethylammonium salt]. Most of the toxicity from X/Xo was due to H(2)O(2). In N. meningitidis, NO decreased the toxicity of the H(2)O(2). In contrast, in the enteric bacterium Escherichia coli, NO increased the toxicity of the H(2)O(2).
Dyet
K
K
Department of Biology (Area 10), University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, UK.
Moir
J
J
D002470:Cell Survival; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D019820:Xanthine / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
D006834:Hydrazines; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D016877:Oxidants; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019820:Xanthine; C084012:1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase