title: An outwardly rectifying chloride channel in human atrial cardiomyocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among a range of chloride channels, outwardly rectifying Cl- channels have been reported in the heart of various species. Although the anionic current carried by this channel has been subjected to intense electrophysiological investigations, paradoxically no examination of single-channel currents has been reported for human cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the cell-attached and cell-free configurations of the patch-clamp technique, we have characterized the properties of an outwardly rectifying chloride current (ORCC) at the unitary level in freshly isolated human atrial cardiomyocytes. In excised inside-out patches, the channel presented a nonlinear I/V relationship with a conductance of 76.5 +/- 14.7 pS in the positive voltage range and 8.1 +/- 2 pS in the negative voltage range, indicating an outward rectification. Preincubation with the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly increased the number of spontaneously active channels observed. The channel was Cl- selective (Cl- to Na+ permeability ratio, PCl/PNa= 18) with the permeability sequence I- > Br- > Cl- > F- > gluconate. It was blocked by the classical Cl- channels blockers glibenclamide, NPPB, SITS, and DIDS. Channel activity was not dependent upon internal calcium concentration. In the cell-attached configuration, ORCC channel activation was observed under perfusion of a hypotonic solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human atrial myocytes express an outwardly rectifying Cl- channel that is sensitive to PKC activation. This channel shares biophysical and pharmacological properties with the swelling-activated chloride current implicated in cardiac pathologies such as myocardial ischemia and dilated cardiopathies.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 6187, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demion
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guinamard
authors.forename: Antoun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Chemaly
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahmati
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bois
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D002712:Chlorides; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D005905:Glyburide