title: Sudden death is less common than might be expected in underprivileged ethnic minorities at high cardiovascular risk.
abstract: Sudden cardiac death can be the presenting feature of coronary disease. Limited epidemiological studies from the US suggest an increased prevalence of sudden death in the African-American community. There are no reports in UK minority communities. We present sudden death data from an area with a high density of underprivileged ethnic minority groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulance data forms and accident and emergency records of all sudden unexpected deaths bought to City Hospital Birmingham in 2002 were extracted by retrospective review. The clinical characteristics and timing of the events were defined and analysed on the basis of the ethnic origins of the victims.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of sudden death amongst Caucasians was substantially greater than among minorities. Both Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbean groups had a lower than expected sudden death rate. Caucasian patients more commonly demonstrated a ventricular fibrillation (VF) rhythm at presentation while Indo-Asians and Afro-Caribbean's demonstrated a non-VF rhythm (asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Collapse with syncope was more common in Afro-Caribbean subjects while Indo-Asian subjects more often arrested in transit. There were no differences in call or transfer times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a well-described pattern of more aggressive coronary disease, particularly noted in South Asian communities in the UK, the sudden death rate are not increased and may be decreased. This implies a potentially separate mechanism or a confounding cultural influence in these events.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham B18 7QH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamaad
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghattas
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirani
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: MacFadyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American