title: Effect of elastic compression stockings on oedema prevention in healthy controls evaluated by a three-dimensional measurement system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The degree of oedema may differ at various sites on the leg. This study evaluated the degree of oedema at the calf, ankle and foot using a three-dimensional measurement system.
  
  
  METHODS
  By three-dimensional measurement system using the grid pattern projection method, the effects of four different types of elastic compression stockings on oedema prevention were compared in healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without stockings, a significant increase in the circumference and volume was seen at the ankle and foot in the evening compared with morning values. The average increase in circumference was greater at the foot than that at the ankle. A significant increase in circumference and volume in the evening after a day without stockings disappeared when elastic compression stockings were worn during the day. The coefficient of variation was greater for measurements at the foot than for those at the calf and ankle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oedema develops easily in order of the foot, the ankle and the calf in healthy populations. Elastic stockings, even with a pressure as low as 8 mmHg, are effective on oedema prevention. In measurement at the foot, further developments are necessary to improve this system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan. hiraim@aichi-nurs.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nukumizu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kidokoro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishikimi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sho
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujisaka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komatsubara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001458:Bandages; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome