title: Typhoid colonic perforation in childhood: a ten-year experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal perforation resulting from a complication of typhoid fever has always been of concern because of its high morbidity and mortality rates. Most perforations occur in the terminal ileum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 1995 and June 2005, 24 children with typhoid colonic perforations receiving operations were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were 5 months to 86 months of age (mean: 25.1+/-17.5 months). Surgical management consisted of primary closure of the perforation with ileostomy (70.8%), wedge resection and simple closure (20.8%), and partial colectomy with colostomy (4.2%). For the 11 patients with solitary cecal perforation, 6 received simple closure with ileostomy (group I), and wedge resection and simple closure was performed in the remaining 5 patients (group C). After operation, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was instituted in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Solitary cecal perforation is the most common type (45.8%). The length of hospital stay (LOS) varied from 12 days to 73 days, and the mean duration was 24.5+/-14.7 days. The LOS showed no significant difference with regard to the location and the number of perforations. No mortality was noted in the entire series, but 19 patients had one or more complications, which may have prolonged the LOS; anemia and wound infections were the two most common problems. Group C had the shorter LOS (16.4+/-3.4 days, versus 40.2+/-22.6 days for group I) and fewer complications (0.6+/-0.5, versus 3.25+/-1.7 for group I). Any readmission for secondary operation to restore intestinal continuity in group C was therefore avoided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To understand thoroughly the clinical course of typhoid fever is important. The typically high rate of complications after intestinal perforation secondary to typhoid fever may be reduced if operation is undertaken earlier. Solitary cecal perforation can be managed safely with wedge resection and simple closure without bowel exterioration. Routine usage of TPN may reduce the mortality associated with complications resulting from typhoid perforations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung , 80708.
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jan-You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis