title: Memory performance in dyslexic male juvenile delinquents convicted of severe offences does not differ from that in dyslexic male junior college students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are different research approaches regarding the causes and possible overrepresentation of dyslexia in criminals. One approach focuses on sociological explanations such as under-stimulation at home, while another focuses on the importance of cognitive neurobiological dysfunctions. In several studies, poor memory for digits and poor verbal learning ability have been found in non-criminal dyslexics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare memory performance in two groups of dyslexics, namely, juvenile delinquents and junior college students, in order to discuss their dyslexic problems in the light of sociocultural and cognitive neurobiological approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of male adolescent dyslexics: 11 juvenile delinquents (mean age 18.55 years, SD = 2.07), all of them convicted for severe offences, and 11 junior college students (mean age 17.09 years, SD = 0.83).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Matched-samples t-tests indicate that there is no difference in memory performance between the two different groups of dyslexics, which supports the accuracy of the diagnoses of dyslexia in the group of juvenile delinquents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results show that the memory performance of dyslexic juvenile delinquents does not differ from that of dyslexic junior college students. A sociocultural approach, therefore, cannot plausibly explain the high prevalence of reading and writing difficulties among juvenile delinquents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Division of Biological Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden. heidi.selenius@psychology.su.se
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Selenius
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dåderman
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hellström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014495:Universities