Age-related changes in phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the rat penis.
OBJECTIVE
Aging is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) attributed to reduced nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide bioavailability. However, the mechanism for this effect has not been fully investigated. We evaluated (i) whether age-related ED involves dysregulation of endothelial NOS (eNOS) phosphorylation; and (ii) whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) exerts erectile effects and operates via eNOS phosphorylation in aged rats.


METHODS
Male Fischer 344 "young" (4-month-old) and "aged" (19-month-old) rats were used. Electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve (CNS) was performed to generate penile erection. Erectile response in the presence of rhVEGF165 was evaluated by intracavernosal pressure monitoring 25 minutes after intracavernosal injection of VEGF. Penes were excised at baseline, with or without rhVEGF treatment, and after CNS for Western immunoblot of phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177 and Thr-495), phospho-Akt, and eNOS.


RESULTS
Erectile response was significantly reduced in aged rats compared with young rats. Phospho-eNOS (Ser-1177) and phospho-Akt were significantly reduced, while phospho-eNOS (Thr-495) was significantly increased, in the aged penis at baseline and after CNS. rhVEGF significantly improved erection and reversed downregulated Ser-1177, but not upregulated Thr-495 phosphorylation, on eNOS in aged penes. eNOS protein was significantly increased in aged penes.


CONCLUSIONS
Age-related ED is associated with eNOS inactivation through a decrease in phosphorylation of its positive regulatory site (Ser-1177) and an increase in phosphorylation of its negative regulatory site (Thr-495) in the penis. Altered phosphorylation/constitutive activation of eNOS by fluid shear stress may be a major determinant of compromised vascular homeostasis of the aged penis. The finding that VEGF rapidly induces erection and partly corrects alterations in eNOS phosphorylation in the aged rat penis suggests impaired eNOS activation by deficient endogenous VEGF and supports the potential for growth factor therapy in the treatment of age-related ED.
Musicki
Biljana
B
Johns Hopkins Hospital, Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. bmusicki@jhmi.edu
Kramer
Melissa F
MF
Becker
Robyn E
RE
Burnett
Arthur L
AL
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism*; D010413:Penis / Q000201:enzymology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III