title: Utilization of fresh human tympanic membranes for structural analysis and cytokeratin immunocytochemistry implementing resin techniques.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study have demonstrated for the first time that tympanic membrane (TM) structure is preserved following removal of fresh, normal tissue from patients undergoing surgery. Greater clarity has been demonstrated using resin sections than in previous studies on paraffin sections. Of particular note, cytokeratin (CK) immunocytochemistry was successfully performed on resin sections, which has not been previously reported. This may have potential applications for future work involving tissues that express CKs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the structure of normal, fresh human TM specimens after surgical removal and to evaluate their CK immunocytochemistry using resin techniques, neither of which have been demonstrated previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven TM specimens were removed during surgery and then preserved in a modified Karnovsky's fixative. Semi-thin and thin sections were examined by means of light and electron microscopy, respectively. For comparison purposes, paraffin block-embedded specimens were also sectioned. CK immunocytochemistry was performed on semi-thin sections using standard immunoperoxidase techniques, with expression being demonstrated using light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three-layer architecture of the TM was preserved. The morphology of the TM was vastly superior in the semi-thin resin sections than in the thicker paraffin sections. The outer, middle and inner layers were clearly demonstrated. The integrity of the outer epithelial layer was maintained, with an outer keratinizing stratum corneum and underlying stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum and stratum basale layers resting on the basal lamina. The thin inner mucosal layer was also viable, consisting of simple squamous or cuboidal cells. Preservation of the middle lamina propria was achieved, with demonstration of the outer radial and inner circular fibres. CK immunocytochemistry utilizing resin techniques provided excellent staining of CK 7 and 8 in the inner layer, with positive staining of CK 5 and 10 in the outer layer.
authors.affiliation: School of Surgery and Pathology, The University of Western Australia, Australia. dockeith@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Anandacoomaraswamy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dutton
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Eikelboom
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Atlas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins