title: Effects of oxidized and glycated low-density lipoproteins on transcription and secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major physiological inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Elevated levels of PAI-1 were frequently detected in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or diabetes. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a classical risk factor of CAD. Oxidation and glycation increase the atherogenecity of LDL. Previous studies demonstrated that oxidized LDL (oxLDL) or glycated LDL (gly-LDL) increased the release of PAI-1 from endothelial cells (ECs). The present study examined the effects of oxLDL and gly-LDL on the transcription, expression, secretion, and subcellular distribution of PAI-1 in cultured human ECs. Treatment with LDL significantly increased the promoter activity, mRNA level, and the release of PAI-1 from ECs by two- to threefold compared to controls. Oxidation or glycation significantly enhanced the effects of LDL on PAI-1 production in ECs compared to LDL (four- to fivefold vs. controls). No significant differences were detected between the effects of oxLDL and gly-LDL. Abundant PAI-1 antigens were detected in the perinuclear region of ECs and overlapped with giantin, a marker of Golgi apparatus. Treatment with brefeldin A disturbed the stack structure of Golgi apparatus and almost completely inhibited the release of PAI-1 from ECs induced by the lipoproteins and at basal conditions. The results suggest that oxidation and glycation enhanced the effects of LDL on the production of PAI-1 in ECs through increasing the transcription of PAI-1. Intact Golgi apparatus is required for PAI-1 generation from ECs induced by LDL or its modified forms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Guoping M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Halayko
authors.forename: Gerald L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Stelmack
authors.forename: Fuqin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ruozhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Craig T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: Garry X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger