title: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones: Does the presence and degree of hydronephrosis affect success?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relation between the presence and degree of stone induced hydronephrosis and the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in patients with solitary proximal ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  130 patients with or without hydronephrosis were treated with SWL. The degree of hydronephrosis was defined by renal ultrasound. Patients were divided into four groups according to the degree of stone induced hydronephrosis. Group 0 (24%) had no urinary system dilatation, group 1 (31.2%) had a mild dilatation of the renal pelvis, group 2 (40%) had a moderate and group 3 (4.8%) a severe dilatation of the renal pelvis and calices. The stone size, number of shock waves applied and number of sessions required to achieve stone clearance were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean stone size was 8.2 mm+/-2.5 mm. Mean time to stone clearance was 13.7 days+/-16.3. In 74.4% of patients stone clearance was observed. Additional 4.8% harbored residual fragments < or =3 mm after 3 months. Differences among the four groups in terms of stone size, time to stone clearance and treatment failure were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence or degree of hydronephrosis caused by a proximal ureteral stone does not affect the time to stone clearance or success rate after SWL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. drseitz@gmx.at
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fajkovic
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waldert
authors.forename: Enis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanovic
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remzi
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000473:pathology; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*