title: Analgesic overuse among adolescents with headache: the Head-HUNT-Youth Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between the use of analgesics and primary headache disorders (i.e., migraine and tension-type headache) among adolescents in relation to age, gender, and headache frequency.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in Norway from 1995 to 1997. The total study population consisted of 5,471 adolescents, 13 to 18 years of age, who were interviewed about their headache complaints and completed a comprehensive questionnaire including use of analgesics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of daily headache associated with analgesic use was 0.5%, with a higher rate for girls (0.8%) than for boys (0.2%). There was a significant association for both genders between analgesic use and headache, although most pronounced for migraine. There was a significant linear relationship between analgesic use and headache frequency. Analgesic use was more common among girls than boys and increased with age both for those with and those without headache.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of analgesics is common among adolescents with headache, especially among girls. Although this study did not directly evaluate for medication-overuse headache, the trend of frequent analgesic use suggests this possibility. Parents and physicians should increase their awareness of potential analgesic overuse, especially among adolescents with frequent headache.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Grete
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dyb
authors.forename: Turid Lingaas
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Holmen
authors.forename: John-Anker
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zwart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics