title: Novel oral formulation safely improving intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs: utilization of polyamines and bile acids.
abstract: In order to develop a novel oral formulation that can safely improve the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs, polyamines such as spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD) was examined as an absorption enhancing adjuvant in rats. The absorption of rebamipide, classified into BCS Class IV, from colon was significantly improved by SPM or SPD, and the enhancing ability of SPM was larger than that of SPD. As a possible mixing and/or interaction of polyamines with bile acids were expected, the combinatorial use of sodium taurocholate (STC) with polyamines was also examined. The absorption of rebamipide was drastically improved by the combinatorial use of SPM or SPD with STC. As STC itself did not enhance the absorption of rebamipide so much, it was considered that polyamines and STC had a synergistic enhancing effect. In-vivo oral absorption study was also performed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of polyamines and their combinatorial use with STC in rats. Although the enhancing effect slightly attenuated comparing with the in-situ loop study, the absorption of rebamipide was significantly improved and the combinatorial use of 10 mM SPM with 25 mM STC showed the largest enhancing effect. Histopathological studies clearly showed that any significant change in stomach and duodenum was not caused by SPM (10 mM), SPD (10 mM) or their combinatorial use with STC (25 mM) at 1.5 or 8.0 h after oral administration. Taken all together, polyamines, especially SPM, and its combinatorial use with STC could improve the absorption of poorly absorbable drugs without any significant changes in gastrointestinal tract after oral administration in rats.
authors.affiliation: BA Project, Formulation Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 224-18 Ebino, Hiraishi, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0182, Japan.
authors.forename: Masateru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toguchi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odomi
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawara
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: Toshikiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000409:Alanine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013095:Spermidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013096:Spermine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D013096:Spermine; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; C052785:rebamipide; D000409:Alanine; D013095:Spermidine