title: Are there patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation that benefit from low molecular weight heparin?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment doses of heparins are not recommended for acute ischemic stroke. Despite this, their use in this setting is widespread. We investigated whether subgroups of patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, identified by clinical, hemostatic (d-dimer, prothombin fragments(1+2) [F(1+2)], soluble fibrin monomer), or inflammatory (C-reactive protein [CRP]) variables might have a differential response to low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) over aspirin. In addition, we sought to identify factors associated with a poor clinical outcome at 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial (Heparin in Acute Embolic Stroke Trial) designed to test the hypothesis that treatment doses of LMWH (dalteparin; 100 IU/kg BID) would be superior to aspirin (160 mg per day) in patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. For the current analysis, 431 participants were included. The primary outcome measure was a poor outcome at 3 months, defined as death or dependency in activities of daily living. Using regression analysis, we determined whether any of the chosen variables were associated with a differential response to dalteparin (treatment interaction) or with poor outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariable logistic regression model, none of the clinical, hemostatic, or inflammatory variables were associated with a significant treatment interaction. Stroke severity (odds ratio [OR], 1.09 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.12]), increasing age (OR, 1.09 [CI, 1.05 to 1.14]), CRP level (OR, 1.32 [CI, 1.04 to 1.66]), and F(1+2) level (OR, 1.77 [CI, 1.07 to 2.91]) were independently associated with a poor outcome at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study does not support the use of treatment doses of LMWH in any of the studied subgroups of patients with acute ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. Age, stroke severity, CRP, and F(1+2) were predictive of poor outcome at 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: Per Morten
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sandset
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010919:Placebos; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D010919:Placebos; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D011516:Prothrombin; D005337:Fibrin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein