title: Female asylum seekers with musculoskeletal pain: the importance of diagnosis and treatment of hypovitaminosis D.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypovitaminosis D is well known in different populations, but may be under diagnosed in certain populations. We aim to determine the first diagnosis considered, the duration and resolution of symptoms, and the predictors of response to treatment in female asylum seekers suffering from hypovitaminosis D.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  A pre- and post-intervention observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A network comprising an academic primary care centre and nurse practitioners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive records of 33 female asylum seekers with complaints compatible with osteomalacia and with hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-(OH) vitamin D < 21 nmol/l). Treatment intervention: The patients received either two doses of 300,000 IU intramuscular cholecalciferol as well as 800 IU of cholecalciferol with 1000 mg of calcium orally, or the oral treatment only.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded the first diagnosis made by the physicians before the correct diagnosis of hypovitaminosis D, the duration of symptoms before diagnosis, the responders and non-responders to treatment, the duration of symptoms after treatment, and the number of medical visits and analgesic drugs prescribed 6 months before and 6 months after diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-sample t-tests, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Analyses were performed using SPSS 10.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to the discovery of hypovitaminosis D, diagnoses related to somatisation were evoked in 30 patients (90.9%). The mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 2.53 years (SD 3.20). Twenty-two patients (66.7%) responded completely to treatment; the remaining patients were considered to be non-responders. After treatment was initiated, the responders' symptoms disappeared completely after 2.84 months. The mean number of emergency medical visits fell from 0.88 (SD 1.08) six months before diagnosis to 0.39 (SD 0.83) after (P = 0.027). The mean number of analgesic drugs that were prescribed also decreased from 1.67 (SD 1.5) to 0.85 (SD 1) (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypovitaminosis D in female asylum seekers may remain undiagnosed, with a prolonged duration of chronic symptoms. The potential pitfall is a diagnosis of somatisation. Treatment leads to a rapid resolution of symptoms, a reduction in the use of medical services, and the prescription of analgesic drugs in this vulnerable population.
authors.affiliation: Medical Outpatient Clinic, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Gabrielle.De-Torrente@hospvd.ch
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Torrenté de la Jara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pécoud
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Favrat
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D016015:Logistic Models; D010018:Osteomalacia / Q000175:diagnosis; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002118:Calcium