title: Practitioner review: short-term and working memory impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders: diagnosis and remedial support.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article provides an introduction to current models of working and short-term memory, their links with learning, and diagnosis of impairments. The memory impairments associated with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders (Down's syndrome, Williams syndrome, Specific Language Impairment, and attentional deficits) are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods of alleviating the adverse consequences of working and short-term memory impairments for learning are identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impairments of short-term and working memory are associated with learning difficulties that can be substantial, and that can be minimised by appropriate methods of remedial support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Durham, UK. s.e.gathercole@durham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gathercole
authors.forename: Tracy Packiam
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Alloway
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012073:Remedial Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*