title: Screening elite winter athletes for exercise induced asthma: a comparison of three challenge methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported prevalence of exercise induced asthma (EIA) in elite winter athletes ranges from 9% to 50%. Many elite winter athletes do not report symptoms of EIA. At present there is no gold standard test for EIA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the efficacy of screening for EIA and examine the role of the eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) challenge and laboratory based and sport specific exercise challenges in the evaluation of elite winter athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 athletes (mean (SD) age 22.6 (5.7) years, height 177.2 (7.0) cm, body mass 68.9 (16.9) kg) from the Great Britain short-track speed skating (n = 10) and biathlon teams (n = 4) were studied. Each athlete completed a laboratory based and sport specific exercise challenge as well as an EVH challenge, in randomised order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 14 athletes completed each challenge. Two had a previous history of asthma. Ten (including the two with a previous history) had a positive test to at least one of the challenges. Ten athletes had a positive response to EVH; of these, only three also had a positive response to the sport specific challenge. No athletes had a positive response to the laboratory based challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elite athletes should be screened for EIA. EVH is a more sensitive challenge in asymptomatic athletes than sport specific and laboratory based challenges. If sporting governing bodies were to implement screening programmes to test athletes for EIA, EVH is the challenge of choice.
authors.affiliation: English Institute of Sport, Bisham Abbey, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, UK. john.dickinson@eis2win.co.uk
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Harries
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012861:Skating / Q000502:physiology*; D006113:United Kingdom