title: Anti-HIV-1 protease- and HIV-1 integrase activities of Thai medicinal plants known as Hua-Khao-Yen.
abstract: Ethanolic- and water extracts from five species of Thai medicinal plants known as Hua-Khao-Yen were tested for their inhibitory effects against HIV-1 protease (HIV-PR) and HIV-1 integrase (HIV-1 IN). The result revealed that the ethanolic (EtOH) extract of Smilax corbularia exhibited anti-HIV-1 IN activity with an IC50 value of 1.9 microg/ml, followed by the water extract of Dioscorea birmanica (IC50 = 4.5 microg/ml), the EtOH extract of Dioscorea birmanica (IC50 = 4.7 microg/ml), the water extract of Smilax corbularia (IC50 = 5.4 microg/ml), the EtOH extract of Smilax glabra (IC50 = 6.7 microg/ml) and the water extract of Smilax glabra (IC50 = 8.5 microg/ml). The extracts of Pygmaeopremna herbacea and Dioscorea membranacea were apparently inactive (IC50 > 100 microg/ml). Interestingly, only the EtOH extract of Dioscorea membranacea showed appreciable activity (IC50 = 48 microg/ml) against HIV-1 PR, while the other extracts possessed mild activity. This result strongly supported the basis for the use of Smilax corbularia and Dioscorea membranacea for AIDS treatment by Thai traditional doctors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. supinya.t@psu.ac.th
authors.forename: Supinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewtrakul
authors.forename: Arunporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itharat
authors.forename: Pranee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rattanasuwan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000187:drug effects*; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000187:drug effects*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019427:HIV Integrase; D016333:HIV Protease