title: The effect of enslaving on perception of finger forces.
abstract: The primary purpose was to examine the effect of enslaving on finger force perception during isometric finger force production using an ipsilateral force-matching paradigm. Fourteen subjects were instructed to produce varying levels of reference forces [10, 20, 30, and 40% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] force using one finger (index, I or little, L) and to reproduce these forces using the same finger (homo-finger tasks, I/I and L/L) or a different finger (hetero-finger tasks, I/L and L/I). Forces of all fingers were recorded. During homo-finger tasks, no differences were found in force magnitude or relative level of force (expressed as a proportion of MVC). The index finger matching force magnitudes were greater than the little finger reference force magnitudes, with significantly lower levels of relative force during L/I tasks; while the little finger matching forces underestimated the index finger reference forces with significantly higher levels of relative force during I/L tasks. The difference in the matching and reference forces by the instructed finger(s), i.e., matching error, was larger in hetero-finger tasks than in homo-finger tasks, particularly at high reference force levels (30, 40% MVC). When forces of all fingers were considered, enslaving (uninstructed finger forces) significantly minimized matching errors of the total force during both I/L and L/I hetero-finger tasks, especially at high reference force levels. Our results show that there is a tendency to match the absolute magnitude of the total force during ipsilateral finger force-matching tasks. This tendency is likely related to enslaving effects. Our results provide evidence that all (instructed and uninstructed) finger forces are sensed, thus resulting in perception of the absolute magnitude of total finger force.
authors.affiliation: Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. sheng.li@umontana.edu
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003463:Cues; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology