title: 11C-methionine PET/CT in 99mTc-sestamibi-negative hyperparathyroidism in patients with renal failure on chronic haemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Scintigraphic localisation of parathyroid glands is often unsuccessful in patients with renal failure on chronic haemodialysis who have secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of (11)C-methionine PET/CT to detect hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in patients with renal failure on chronic haemodialysis who had (99m)Tc-sestamibi-negative HPT.
  
  
  METHODS
  (11)C-methionine PET/CT was performed in 18 patients (11 women and 7 men, aged 42-79 years; mean age 57.8 years) on haemodialysis for renal failure (2-14 years' duration), with normo-, hypo- or hypercalcaemia and HPT not localised by either dual-tracer (99m)Tc-pertechnetate/(99m)Tc-sestamibi subtraction scans or dual-phase (99m)Tc-sestamibi scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three of ten patients with normo- or hypocalcaemic HPT there was increased (11)C-methionine accumulation in one gland. Seven of eight patients with hypercalcaemic HPT showed increased uptake: in five of these patients increased (11)C-methionine accumulation was present in one gland, while in two it was demonstrated in two glands. All patients also had high-resolution ultrasound of the neck and were treated with subtotal parathyroidectomy, leaving a remnant of the smallest of the four glands. Regardless of their size, all glands with abnormal (11)C-methionine parathyroid uptake were removed, and all demonstrated parathyroid hyperplasia. All patients developed post-parathyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism and one patient with normocalcaemic HPT relapsed 8 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that (11)C-methionine PET/CT may be used to identify hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in non-primary HPT, and especially hypercalcaemic HPT, when conventional (99m)Tc-sestamibi imaging is non-localising.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Service, PET Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Insituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV, Viale Tre Martiri, 140, 45100 Rovigo, Italy. rubello.domenico@azisanrovigo.it
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubello
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farsad
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castellucci
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boschi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Lorraine M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fig
authors.forename: Milton D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C086242:carbon-11 methionine; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D008715:Methionine