title: Central executive system impairment in traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be considered a consequence of (1) a speed processing deficit or (2) an impairment of the Central Executive System (CES) of working memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven TBI patients underwent a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests evaluating speed processing, sustained attention, short-term memory, working memory, divided attention, executive functions and long-term memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients showed severe deficits in working memory, divided attention, executive functions and long-term memory. Divided attention, long-term memory and executive functions deficits significantly correlated with working memory, but not with speed processing deficits. Moreover, multiple regression analyses showed that a CES impairment and not a speed processing deficit predicted divided attention, executive functions and long-term memory deficits. The severity and the site of brain lesions did not predict the level of CES or speed processing impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cognitive impairment following TBI seem to be caused by an impairment of the Central Executive System, rather than a speed processing deficit.
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Cesena, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serino
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciaramelli
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Santantonio
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malagù
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Servadei
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Làdavas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests