title: Effects of exclusive formula or breast milk feeding on oxidative stress in healthy preterm infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compared to formula, breast milk is considered to have superior antioxidant properties and consequently may reduce the occurrence of a number of diseases of prematurity associated with oxidative stress.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the antioxidant properties of breast milk in healthy premature infants are different to those of formula milk by comparing vitamin E levels in milk and determining the excretion of malondialdehyde (MDA) in urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitamin E was measured in the breast milk of 20 mothers who had given birth prematurely. Urinary MDA was measured in 10 exclusively breast milk fed and 10 exclusively formula fed healthy preterm infants receiving no vitamin supplements. MDA was measured after derivatisation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and consecutive HPLC with UV detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary MDA concentrations were consistently very low (0.074+/-0.033 microM/mM Cr and 0.078+/-0.026 microM/mM Cr in breast and formula fed infants respectively) and not significantly different between healthy breast milk and formula fed infants. Both breast and formula milk contained satisfactory levels (0.3-3.0 mg/100 ml) of vitamin E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antioxidant properties of both breast milk and formulae are sufficient to prevent significant lipid peroxidation in healthy premature infants.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, University of Keele, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Korchazhkina
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czauderna
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde