title: Comparison of efficacy of oxybutynin and tolterodine for prevention of catheter related bladder discomfort: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder discomfort related to intraoperative catheterization of urinary bladder is a distressing symptom and more so in patients awakening from anaesthesia. These symptoms are similar to symptoms of overactive bladder. Muscarinic receptor antagonists have been reported to be effective in the treatment of overactive bladder. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of oxybutynin and tolterodine in preventing catheter related bladder discomfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty-four consecutive adult patients, ASA I and II, of either sex, undergoing elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery requiring urinary bladder catheterization were randomized into three equal groups of 78 each. Group C (control) received placebo, Group O (oxybutynin) received oxybutynin 5 mg and Group T (tolterodine) received tolterodine 2 mg orally 1 h before surgery. After induction of anaesthesia patients were catheterized with a 16 Fr Foley's catheter and the balloon was inflated with 10 ml distilled water. The bladder discomfort was assessed at 0, 1, 2 and 6 h after patient's arrival in the post-anaesthesia care unit. Severity of bladder discomfort was graded as mild, moderate and severe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of bladder discomfort observed in the control group was higher, i.e. 58% (45/78), compared with oxybutynin and tolterodine groups where it was 35% (28/78) and 33% (26/78), respectively (P<0.05). Significant reduction in the severity of bladder discomfort was also observed after oxybutynin and tolterodine therapy compared with control (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with either oxybutynin or tolterodine reduces the incidence and severity of catheter related bladder discomfort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. aagarwal@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhiraaj
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tandon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003408:Cresols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; C005419:oxybutynin