title: Changes in psychological distress in Australia over an 8-year period: evidence for worsening in young men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether psychological distress has changed in the Australian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from national household surveys of 1964 Australian adults in 1995 and 3507 in 2003-2004. Psychological distress was measured using the 4-NS, which asks about symptoms of depression, anxiety, irritability and nervousness in the past month. The data were analysed by gender and by age group, from 20-24 years to 70-74 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychological distress was found to have increased in men aged 20-29 years. This change was observed even when the same cohorts were compared. No change was found in women or in other male age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show the need for routine population monitoring of mental health to determine subgroups requiring priority action.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. ajorm@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jorm
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Butterworth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors