title: Value of clusterin immunoreactivity as a predictive factor in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether clusterin immunoreactivity of muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma can predict disease-related survival of patients treated by radical cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-tissue arrays were constructed from 132 tumors and stained immunohistochemically using a mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 7D1). Positive clusterin staining was defined as immunoreactivity in more than 10% of tumor cells. We also studied tumor proliferation (Ki-67 antigen), p53, and Her2 expression. Immunoreactivity was compared with disease-related survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive immunohistochemical clusterin expression was found in 25% of the tumors. On univariate analysis, clusterin immunoreactivity (P = 0.048), tumor stage (P = 0.011), nodal status (P = 0.0001), sex (P = 0.039), Ki-67 antigen index (P = 0.011), and Her2 expression (P = 0.020) were significantly associated with disease-related survival. On multivariate analysis, tumor stage (P = 0.01), nodal status (P = 0.0001), Ki-67 antigen (P = 0.0001), and Her2 expression (P = 0.001) were identified as significant independent predictive factors; clusterin expression missed the level of statistical significance by only a narrow margin (P = 0.058).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although clusterin immunoreactivity showed only a trend towards an independent prognostic relevance in this study, we conclude that it may be used, in addition to conventional and other immunohistochemical prognosticators, as a supplementary tool to provide more prognostic information in patients undergoing cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany. sskrueger@web.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahnken
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kausch
authors.forename: Alfred C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Feller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D051152:Clusterin / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051152:Clusterin