title: Beneficial effects of orosomucoid on the glomerular barrier in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a hitherto unconfirmed report, orosomucoid was reported to ameliorate the nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We wanted to test this hypothesis and extend the analysis of the effects on the glomerular barrier. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and fractional clearance for albumin (theta(albumin)) and for neutral Ficolls were estimated in cooled isolated perfused kidneys. Modern transport equations were used to estimate glomerular size selectivity and charge selectivity. Also, podocyte morphology was studied. Four groups of rats (4 x n = 8) were administered PAN intraperitoneally and treated daily for 5 days with orosomucoid in two different doses (groups A and B), albumin (group C) or saline (group D). Two additional groups of rats (2 x n = 8) were used as controls and these rats received either saline (group E) or orosomucoid (group F) but no PAN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with orosomucoid restored podocyte morphology and renal function from the damaging effects of PAN in a dose-dependent manner. GFR was significantly reduced by PAN (groups C and D) when compared with controls (groups E and F). This effect was partly (group A) or completely (group B) reversed by orosomucoid. The theta(albumin) was 0.002+/-0.001 (mean+/-SEM) in controls (group E) and was unaffected by orosomucoid per se (group F). PAN increased theta(albumin) to 0.020+/-0.001 in group C and to 0.021+/-0.001 in group D, while it was significantly less in group A, 0.014+/-0.001, P<0.05. The heterogeneous charged fibre model analysis revealed that PAN reduced the relative volume of negatively charged fibres, phi, from 7.1+/-0.08% (group E) to 48% of this value in groups C and D (P<0.001); phi was 4.5+/-0.04% in group A, 5.3+/-0.44% in group B, and 6.1+/-0.11% in group F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High doses of orosomucoid completely normalized the glomerular barrier in six out of eight animals with puromycin-induced nephrotic syndrome. Thus, orosomucoid has a promising therapeutic potential for certain kidney disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sahlgrenska Acaedmy, Gothenburg, Sweden. Clara.Hjalmarsson@kidney.med.gu.se
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hjalmarsson
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lidell
authors.forename: Börje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haraldsson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D009401:Nephrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D009961:Orosomucoid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011336:Probability; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D009961:Orosomucoid; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside