title: Long term results of neuromodulation by sacral nerve stimulation for lower urinary tract symptoms: a retrospective single center study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the influence of technical improvements of Sacral Nerve Stimulation (SNS) on the incidence of surgical interventions and subjective long-term results of SNS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, transversal study analyzing records of implanted patients at our department of Urology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 149 patients analyzed, 107 had overactive bladder symptoms and 42 had urinary retention. Mean follow-up was 64,2 (sd = 38,5) months. In the whole group 194 adverse events occurred. 6 Patients had infection in their implanted system, one was explanted for infection. Most events could be solved by giving advice or by reprogramming the stimulator. 129 reoperations have been performed and 21 patients had their system explanted. Analysis of the data shows a striking difference in the incidence of reoperations, but small differences in subjective results in the groups of patients implanted before or after 1996, suggesting that a proactive approach towards adverse events is worthwhile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNS gives lasting benefit in patients with refractory symptoms of overactive bladder and non-obstructive urinary retention. The differences in outcomes and incidence of reoperation can be attributed to the learning curve and technical and surgical improvements in the application of SNS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Anco.vanvoskuilen@gmail.com
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Voskuilen
authors.forename: D J A J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Oerlemans
authors.forename: E H J
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: Ph E V A
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: van Kerrebroeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*