title: Effect of bombesin and neurotensin on gut barrier function in partially hepatectomized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of regulatory peptides bombesin (BBS) and neurotensin (NT) on intestinal barrier function in partially hepatectomized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: I (n=0): controls, II (n= 20): sham operated, III (n=20): partial hepatectomy 70% (PHx), IV (n=20): PHx+BBS (30 microg/kg/d), V (n=20): PHx+NT (300 microg/kg/d). Groups IV and V were treated for 8 days before PHx and 48 h post surgery. At the end of the experiment, on day 10, intestinal barrier function was assessed by measuring endotoxin concentrations in portal and aortic blood. Tissue sections of the terminal ileum were examined histologically and villus density, mucosal thickness, mitotic activity and apoptosis in crypts were assessed. In addition, ileal mucosa was analyzed for DNA and protein content and microbiological analysis was performed in cecal contents. To estimate intestinal oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation was determined on tissue homogenates from terminal ileum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BBS or NT administration significantly reduced portal and systemic endotoxemia observed 48 h after partial hepatectomy. In hepatectomized rats (group III), a trend towards induction of mucosal atrophy was observed, demonstrated by the reduction of villus density, mucosal thickness, protein content and significant reduction of DNA, while these alterations were reversed by regulatory peptides administration. This trophic effect of BBS and NT was accompanied by induction of mitoses above control levels and a significant reduction of apoptosis in intestinal crypts. Intestinal lipid peroxidation was found significantly lower in PHx group and regulatory peptides exerted an antioxidant action, further decreasing this parameter of oxidative stress. The bacterial population of E. coli and aerobic Gram (+) cocci was increased in cecal content of hepatectomized rats, while this parameter was not affected by the administration of BBS or NT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gut regulatory peptides BBS and NT improve intestinal barrier function and reduce endotoxemia in experimental partial hepatectomy. This effect is, at least in part, mediated by their trophic, anti-apoptotic, mitogenic, and antioxidant effect on the intestinal epithelium. This observation might be of potential value in patients undergoing liver resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Patras, Medical School, Rion University Hospital, 26500 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Stelios F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Assimakopoulos
authors.forename: Ilias H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Alexandris
authors.forename: Chrisoula D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Scopa
authors.forename: Panagiotis G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mylonas
authors.forename: Konstantinos C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: Christos D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.forename: Vassiliki N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulou
authors.forename: Constantine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vagianos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001839:Bombesin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D009496:Neurotensin; D001839:Bombesin