title: Towards defining parameters for a successful single embryo transfer in frozen cycles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Twin pregnancies in IVF should be avoided by transferring embryos one at a time, even for frozen cycles. In this study, we investigated the effect of blastomere lysis and cleavage in singleton frozen embryo transfer (sFET) cycles. Outcomes were compared with the transfer of two embryos in frozen transfer cycles (dFET).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on 891 FET cycles, involving 404 sFET and 487 dFET cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, in sFET cycles, the pregnancy and implantation rates were 8.9 and 8.7%. When blastomere lysis was more than 25% but no greater than 50%, the pregnancy and implantation rates were 3.2%. If blastomere lysis was greater than 50% there were no pregnancies. If blastomere lysis was less than 25%, but with no cleavage, the pregnancy and implantation rates were 4.1%. The results significantly improved (P = 0.007) in the group with less than 25% lysis, when cleavage occurred. The pregnancy and implantation rates for this group were 17.3 and 16.6%. This was not significantly different from unselected two embryo transfers (22 and 12.7%,P = 0.2 and 0.19, respectively). There were 21 twins with dFET (19.6% of pregnancies) and none in sFET.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both blastomere lysis and cleavage affect the outcome in sFET. To avoid the risk of twins, sFET should be considered when the embryo shows less than 25% blastomere lysis and at least one blastomere cleaves.
authors.affiliation: Monash IVF, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Catt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Howlett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001757:Blastomeres / Q000637:transplantation*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D012306:Risk; D014427:Twins