title: Protective effects of extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) on nerve cells after spinal cord injury in rats.
abstract: METHODS
  An experimental animal model was used to assess spinal cord injury following lateral hemitransection at thoracic spinal cord level.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb) could have a neuroprotective effect in spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 adult rats were divided randomly into three groups: the EGb group, normal saline (NS) group, and sham operation group (sham group). After thoracic spinal cord hemitransection was performed at the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra (T9), rats in the EGb group were given 100 mg/kg EGb 761 daily, while rats in the NS group received NS. The rats in the sham group only underwent laminectomy without spinal cord hemitransection. At various time points after surgery, thoracic spinal cords were sampled and sliced for histochemistry, immunohistochemistry of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) of apoptotic cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myelin staining showed that the area of cavities was small and the demyelinated zones were limited at and around the injury site of the spinal cord in the EGb group, while the area of cavities was large and the demyelinated zones were serious in the NS group. Nissl staining showed that the ratio of bilateral ventral horn neurons (transection side/uninjured side) in the EGb group was higher than that in the NS group (P<0.05). The apoptotic index and the percentage of iNOS-positive cells were lower in the EGb group than in the NS group. Furthermore, the percentage of iNOS-positive cells positively correlated with the apoptotic index (r( 2)=0.729, P<0.01) after SCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that EGb 761 could inhibit iNOS expression and have neuroprotective effect by preventing nerve cells from apoptosis after SCI in rats.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ao
authors.forename: X-H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: A-J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: P-F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: H-Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Y-D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: X-F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D028321:Plant Preparations; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II