title: Off-patent drugs in Italy. A short-sighted view?
abstract: The new Italian policy to off-patent products, although similar to recent reforms in other European countries, seems to use some interesting instruments and has achieved significant results in the past 2 years. In particular, the prices of branded products have been reduced for all active ingredients where a generic version is available. However, this strategy may raise some problems in the longer term. Our analysis identified two open issues that might limit the long-term sustainability of the present scheme: the limited diffusion of generics and the reallocation of demand. The first stems from the new regulatory schemes which equate generics to branded off-patent products and exploit their presence only to cut prices. The second is favored by tough price competition that induces large companies to divert demand towards more profitable "me-too drugs." Solutions exist, but they are not easy to apply because so many difficulties arise when certain aspects of a long-standing equilibrium are modified.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Economics, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Ranica, Italy. lgarattini@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garattini
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghislandi
mesh_terms: D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D010330:Patents as Topic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D016568:Drugs, Generic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations