title: Endocannabinoid, anandamide in gingival tissue regulates the periodontal inflammation through NF-kappaB pathway inhibition.
abstract: Anandamide (AEA) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role in the periodontal field remains unknown. Here, we found that gingival crevicular fluid contained a detectable level of AEA. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 were expressed by human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and markedly upregulated under pathological conditions. AEA significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1) induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS in HGFs, and this effect was attenuated by AM251 and SR144528, selective antagonists of CB1 and CB2, respectively. Moreover, AEA completely blocked LPS-triggered NF-kappaB activation, implying that AEA may regulate hyperinflammatory reactions in periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuichi
authors.forename: Kamal Krishna
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: Teruto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashiguchi
authors.forename: Ko-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Ikuro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005881:Gingiva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; C078814:anandamide