title: Lower urinary tract symptoms after renal transplantation in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the prevalence and nature of LUTS after renal Tx in children. The focus of the study was the presence of LUTS in children without a history of urological symptoms. We also studied the relationship between the characteristics of these patients and the occurrence of LUTS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were gathered using a written questionnaire, frequency volume chart, free uroflowmetry, transabdominal ultrasonography and medical records. The study group (30 patients) consisted of 9 children (30%) undergoing renal transplantation with an underlying urological disease and 21 (70%) with an underlying nephrological disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the nephrological group the incidence of high capacity bladder was 75%, residual urine 50%, UTI 43%, hesitancy 38%, intermittent flow 33%, bladder pain 33%, nighttime incontinence 29%, nocturia 24%, feeling of incomplete emptying 15%, daytime incontinence 14%, straining 14%, urgency 10%, burning sensation 10% and intermittency 5%. No substantial difference in the occurrence of LUTS, UTI or high bladder capacity after Tx was found between children with an underlying urological disease and those with an underlying nephrological disease. On average, patients in both groups suffered from 3 different LUTS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After renal Tx children with a nephrological disease demonstrated a high incidence of LUTS. The occurrence of LUTS combined with UTI and increased bladder capacity indicates that these children are at risk for development of myogenic failure. This finding emphasizes the importance of close urological followup after Tx in children with urological and nephrological disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. M.vanderweide@csscb.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Marian J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Van der Weide
authors.forename: Elisabeth A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Cornelissen
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Achterberg
authors.forename: Robert P E
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: de Gier
authors.forename: Wouter F J
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Feitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*