title: Operative management of small bowel fistulae associated with open abdomen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrointestinal fistulae associated with open abdomen are serious complications following trauma or other major abdominal surgery. Management is extremely difficult and the mortality is still high in spite of modern medical advances. Patients who survive initial physiological and metabolic derangements require operative closure of the fistula, which is technically demanding and poorly described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of patients with small bowel fistulae associated with open abdomen was performed. Only patients who were stabilized sufficiently to undergo surgical closure of the fistula were enrolled in the study. The operative techniques comprised three important steps: exploratory laparotomy and resection of small bowel fistulae with end-to-end anastomosis; bridging the abdominal wall defect with a sheet of polyglycolic acid mesh; and covering the mesh with bilateral bipedicle anterior abdominal skin flaps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients were included in the study. The number of operations before surgical closure of the fistula ranged from one to six (mean, 3.6). The time from first operation to surgery for fistula closure ranged from 2.5 to 7.5 months (mean, 4.4 months). Three patients had recurrent fistula, and one died (mortality, 12.5%). Hospital stay ranged from 101 to 311 days (mean, 187 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a method of closure of small bowel fistulae associated with open abdomen and hope that this will provide surgeons encountering such complications with a good alternative for surgical management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama 4 Street, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Suvit.S@chula.ac.th
authors.forename: Suvit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sriussadaporn
authors.forename: Sukanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sriussadaporn
authors.forename: Kritaya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kritayakirana
authors.forename: Rattaplee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pak-art
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007412:Intestinal Fistula / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies