title: Influence of steam-flaked corn moisture level and density on the site and extent of digestibility and feeding value for finishing cattle.
abstract: Performance and digestibility experiments were conducted to determine the influence of moisture and flake density (FD) on the feeding value of steam-flaked corn (SFC). Dietary treatments consisted of finishing diets that contained 78% (DM basis) SFC that was tempered using 0, 6, or 12% moisture and processed to either 360 (SF28) or 310 (SF24) g/L. A 3 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. In Exp. 1, 78 steers were individually fed the respective treatments for 106 d. Moisture added during tempering tended (linear; P < 0.10) to increase starch availability but linearly decreased (P < 0.01) particle size. Decreasing flake density increased (P < 0.001) starch availability and also decreased (P < 0.001) particle size. Starch availability (P < 0.001), moisture (P < 0.001), and particle size (P = 0.05) were all greater for SFC that was collected the day of processing compared with SFC that had been processed the previous day. Steers fed diets containing SF24 consumed less DM as the moisture level increased, whereas steers fed diets containing SF28 had increased DMI as moisture level increased (moisture x FD interaction; P < 0.01). Nonetheless, ADG, G:F, and most carcass characteristics did not differ among treatments. In Exp. 2, 6 multicannulated Jersey steers were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square using the same treatments as in Exp. 1. Increasing moisture intake linearly decreased (P < 0.05) starch intakes. Organic matter and N intakes followed similar trends but were not different. Decreasing FD tended to increase (P < 0.10) microbial N flow to the duodenum and increased microbial efficiency (P < 0.05). Ruminal starch digestibility was 90.5%, and total tract starch digestibility was 99.5% without adding moisture or processing beyond SF28. Moisture additions to corn before steam flaking resulted in few differences in performance or digestibility, despite increases in starch availability that occurred as moisture increased. Processing corn more extensively than SF28 may be unnecessary and cost-prohibitive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506-1600, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sindt
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Drouillard
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Titgemeyer
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Loe
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Depenbusch
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Walz
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*