title: Does arsenic exposure increase the risk for diabetes mellitus?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term arsenic exposure has been reported to associated with prevalence, incidence, and mortality of diabetes mellitus (DM). A tap water supply system was implemented in the early 1960s in the blackfoot disease (BFD) endemic areas. The objective of this study is to examine whether DM mortality decreased after the improvement of drinking water supply system through elimination of arsenic exposure from artesian well water.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for DM were calculated for the BFD endemic area for the years 1971-2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study results show that mortality from DM declined in females (but not in males) gradually after the improvement of drinking water supply system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the reversibility criterion, the association between arsenic exposure and DM is likely to be casual for females but not in males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Fen
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Chih-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shang-Shyue
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chun-Yuh
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001151:Arsenic