title: Neck muscle fatigue and postural control in patients with whiplash injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine if patients with whiplash injury show identifiable increases in neck muscle fatigability and associated increase in postural body sway after contractions of dorsal neck muscles, and if physiotherapy treatment reduces these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sway was measured during stance in 13 patients before and after 5 min of isometric dorsal neck muscle contractions and after recovery, pre- and post-physiotherapy, using a force platform. Amplitude and median frequency of neck muscle EMG were calculated during the contracting period. After each stance trial, patients gave a subjective score of sway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-treatment, seven patients showed EMG signs of fatigue (increases in amplitude, decreases in median frequency) and increases in sway (eyes closed) after contractions. The other patients showed neither fatigue nor increased sway. Post-treatment, no signs of fatigue or imbalance were recorded in all patients, for the same levels of muscle contraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As in normal human subjects, increases in sway are associated with signs of neck muscle fatigue in some whiplash injury patients. Physiotherapy decreases the susceptibility to fatigue of neck muscles and is an effective choice of treatment of subjective instability and sway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a pathophysiological link between neck muscle fatigue and impaired postural control, and also that physiotherapy can relieve symptoms and signs of impaired neck muscle function by reducing muscle fatigability.
authors.affiliation: Centro Studi Attività Motorie, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCCS), Istituto Scientifico di Pavia, Via Ferrata 8, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stapley
authors.forename: Maria Vittoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Beretta
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalla Toffola
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schieppati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*