title: Molecular characterization of geminivirus-derived small RNAs in different plant species.
abstract: DNA geminiviruses are thought to be targets of RNA silencing. Here, we characterize small interfering (si) RNAs-the hallmarks of silencing-associated with Cabbage leaf curl begomovirus in Arabidopsis and African cassava mosaic begomovirus in Nicotiana benthamiana and cassava. We detected 21, 22 and 24 nt siRNAs of both polarities, derived from both the coding and the intergenic regions of these geminiviruses. Genetic evidence showed that all the 24 nt and a substantial fraction of the 22 nt viral siRNAs are generated by the dicer-like proteins DCL3 and DCL2, respectively. The viral siRNAs were 5' end phosphorylated, as shown by phosphatase treatments, and methylated at the 3'-nucleotide, as shown by HEN1 miRNA methylase-dependent resistance to beta-elimination. Similar modifications were found in all types of endogenous and transgene-derived siRNAs tested, but not in a major fraction of siRNAs from a cytoplasmic RNA tobamovirus. We conclude that several distinct silencing pathways are involved in DNA virus-plant interactions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rashid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akbergenov
authors.forename: Azeddine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Si-Ammour
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kutter
authors.forename: Herve
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vanderschuren
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gruissem
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meins
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hohn
authors.forename: Mikhail M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pooggin
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000821:virology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017791:Geminiviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D008745:Methylation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010944:Plants / Q000821:virology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C450825:HEN1 protein, Arabidopsis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012367:RNA, Viral