title: Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, white blood cells and SOFA score in ICU: diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine in critically ill patients the value of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and white blood cell count in diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients admitted to a medicosurgical intensive care unit in a prospective, observational study, were observed consecutively. According to ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference definition were defined 4 groups: SEPSIS/SS (sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock), SIRS, No-SIRS and TRAUMA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and fifty five clinical events on a total of 1 826 observation days were observed: 111 SEPSIS/SS, 49 TRAUMA, 45 SIRS and 50 No-SIRS. ROC values, in the diagnosis of sepsis, were 0.88 for PCT, 0.74 for CRP, 0.8 for Sepsis score, 0.74 for SOFA, 0.62 for neu-throphils granulocytes (p<0.05). The best cut-off values in the diagnosis of sepsis were 0.47 ng/mL for PCT and 128 mg/L for CRP. PCT and SOFA were higher in septic shock than in severe sepsis and sepsis (p<0.05 in all cases). The maximum CRP level in SEPSIS/SS was reached only after 24-48 h of observation. Admission PCT value of TRAUMA patients whom evolving in septic complication was higher than patients with a favourable course: 3.4 ng/mL (range 2.63-12.71) vs 1.2 ng/mL (range 0.5-5.2) (p<0.05). TRAUMA patients with septic complications present an early and quick significant increase of PCT (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCT and CRP may be useful together with bacteriological data in sepsis diagnosis; PCT and SOFA closer correlate with the infection severity; PCT is the better parameter to estimate severity, prognosis or further course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Anesthesiology and Pain Relief, C. Poma Hospital Mantova, Italy. gianpaolo.castelli@libero.it
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Castelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pognani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stuani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sgarbi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paladini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000473:pathology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide