title: Novel technique for management of distal ureter and en block resection of bladder cuff during hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with a novel flexible cystoscopic approach to excise the en block bladder cuff and juxtavesical ureter during hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. The optimal technique for excising the distal ureter and bladder cuff during nephroureterectomy continues to evolve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was performed in 6 patients. A hand-assist device and two 5 to 12-mm ports were placed in the mid and upper abdomen. Two 10-mm clips were placed on the proximal ureter to occlude it, and the kidney was resected in the usual fashion. An additional 5 to 12-mm port was placed in the midline between the umbilicus and symphysis pubis. The ureter was dissected down into the pelvis to the level of the bladder. Without repositioning the patient, a flexible cystoscope was inserted into the bladder and a 2-cm bladder cuff excised using a 5F electrode on cutting current, with coagulating current used as needed. The specimen was removed intact through the hand port.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time to resect the distal bladder cuff was 30 minutes (range 22 to 35). The mean estimated blood loss was 254 mL. The mean operating room time was 264 minutes, mean hospital stay 6.3 days, and mean time to a general diet 2.6 days. All patients underwent cystography at 7 to 10 days postoperatively, with no extravasation or diverticula. Cystoscopic and computed tomography follow-up demonstrated no evidence of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique allows for complete resection of the kidney, distal ureter, and a cuff of bladder, avoiding repositioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Itay Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Simon Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kimm
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nadler
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*