title: Victor Fray Marshall: twentieth century renaissance urologist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Victor Fray Marshall (1913 to 2001) contributed to advancements in a variety of fields within urology, including incontinence, oncology, stone disease and pediatrics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed historical records from the New York Hospital archives as well as the original publications of Marshall. Personal experiences of former residents and others were recounted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While Marshall may be most recognized for Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz vesicourethral suspension, designed to correct stress urinary incontinence, he was among the earliest advocates of surgical extirpation for bladder cancer and helped introduce the use of urinary cytology for the diagnosis of urothelial malignancy. At the same time Marshall contributed to the development of ureteroscopy for stone disease. His contributions to pediatric urology include the description of a nonrefluxing ureteral re-implantation technique for the surgical correction of reflux as well as his investigation of the embryology and surgical repair of bladder exstrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The contributions of Victor Marshall to urology are notable in breadth and significance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. stb9009@nyp.org
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boorjian
authors.forename: E Darracott
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: W Reid
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Muecke
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history; D014572:Urology / Q000266:history*; D014768:Virginia