title: [Surgical options in retraction syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A causative therapy for Duane's retraction syndrome, which is the most prominent example of connatal ocular misinnervation, does not exist. Eye muscle surgery is indicated in cases with manifest strabismus in primary position and an annoying compensatory head posture to maintain binocular single vision. Different surgical approaches to the different types of Duane's retraction syndrome, mostly on the affected eye but also on the fellow eye, are described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the pre- and postoperative findings of 55 patients in whom we performed surgery because of Duane's retraction syndrome during the years 1999 to 2004. The type of retraction syndrome, the angle reduction in primary position and the reduction of head posture were evaluated in regard to the surgical procedure chosen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 37 cases surgery was primary. In 25 cases a single recession of the medial rectus (16 cases) or the lateral rectus (9 cases) muscle of the affected eye was performed. For a dose-response relationship of the one-muscle recessions, the mean angle reduction in the primary position was 2 pdpt (cm/m) per mm recession. The mean reduction of head posture was 1.5 degrees per mm recession. In 10 cases combined surgery on the affected eye was performed. The correlation between the mean angle reduction and the recession was 3 pdpt (cm/m) per 1 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depending on the type of retraction syndrome, the angle in primary position, the head posture and the globe retraction, different surgical options exist which aim at rehabilitation of the patient suffering from Duane's retraction syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum für Augenheilkunde der Universitätsklinik Köln, Schielbehandlung und Neuroophthalmologie. Julia.Fricke@medizin.uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fricke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neugebauer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rüssmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D009949:Orientation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular