title: Transtracheal open ventilation in acute respiratory failure secondary to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who fail noninvasive ventilation are generally intubated and are then subjected to complications of invasive mechanical ventilation. With transtracheal open ventilation, ventilator support is delivered through an uncuffed small bore minitracheostomy tube, which eliminates pooling of secretions above the cuff and thus reduces the risk of tracheobronchial microbial colonization.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare transtracheal open ventilation (treatment group) with conventional invasive ventilation (control group) in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who initially failed noninvasive ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive trans-tracheal open ventilation (n=19) or conventional invasive ventilation (n=20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in arterial blood gases after 1 and 30 h between the two groups. Two patients receiving transtracheal open ventilation and 13 undergoing conventional ventilation had complications (p<0.0001). Compared with conventional ventilation, transtracheal open ventilation significantly decreased both the duration of mechanical ventilation (7.6+/-4.7 vs. 18.6+/-10.6 d, p<0.0001) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (10.2+/-4.5 vs. 21.3+/-9.7 d, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transtracheal open ventilation was as effective as conventional ventilation in maintaining adequate gas exchange and reducing complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, and intensive care unit length of stay.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di emergenza e accettazione, Ospedale CTO, Torino, Italy. c.gregoretti@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gregoretti
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Squadrone
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fogliati
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navalesi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014139:Tracheostomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome