title: Sertraline treatment of co-occurring alcohol dependence and major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major depressive disorder occurs commonly in association with alcohol dependence, both in clinical samples and in the community. Efforts to treat major depressive disorder in alcoholics with antidepressants have yielded mixed results. This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sertraline was designed to address many of the potential methodological shortcomings of studies of co-occurring disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a 1-week, single-blind, placebo lead-in period, 328 patients with co-occurring major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence were randomly assigned to receive 10 weeks of treatment with sertraline (at a maximum dose of 200 mg/d) or matching placebo. Randomization was stratified, based on whether initially elevated scores on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale declined with cessation of heavy drinking, resulting in a sample of 189 patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores > or =17 (group A) and 139 patients with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores < or =16 (group B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption decreased substantially over time in both groups. There were no reliable medication group differences on depressive symptoms or drinking behavior in either group A or B patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite careful attention to methodological considerations, this study does not provide consistent support for the use of sertraline to treat co-occurring major depressive disorder and alcohol dependence. The high rate of response among placebo-treated patients may help to explain these findings. Further research is needed to identify efficacious treatments for patients with these commonly co-occurring disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-2103, USA. kranzler@psychiatry.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kranzler
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pettinati
authors.forename: Darlene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moak
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anthenelli
authors.forename: Kirk J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Brower
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasin
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline