title: Classification of single MEG trials related to left and right index finger movements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) classify EEG signals. Here, we measured brain activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG) with an aim to characterize and classify single MEG trials during finger movements. We also examined whether averaging consecutive trials, or averaging signals from neighboring sensors, would improve classification accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEG was recorded in five subjects during lifting the left, right or both index fingers. Trials were classified using features, defined by an expert, from averaged spectra and time-frequency representations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classification accuracy of left vs. right finger movements was 80-94%. In the three-category classification (left, right, both), accuracy was 57-67%. Averaging three consecutive trials improved classification significantly in three subjects. Instead, spatial averaging across neighboring sensors decreased accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of averaged signals to find appropriate features for single-trial classification proved useful for the two-class classification. The classification accuracy was comparable to that in previous EEG studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MEG provides another useful method to measure brain signals to be used in BCIs. Good performance was obtained when the classified signals were generated by two distinct sources in the left and right hemisphere. The present findings should be extended to multi-task cases involving additional brain areas.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Computational Engineering, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 9203, Espoo 02015 HUT, Finland. laura.kauhanen@tkk.fi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kauhanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nykopp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography / Q000145:classification* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors