title: Levator veli palatini muscle fatigue during phonation in speakers with cleft palate with borderline velopharyngeal incompetence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether the levator veli palatini muscle in speakers with borderline velopharyngeal incompetence (BVP) with surgically treated cleft palate might be more fatigable during speech than that in speakers without clefts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each subject was asked to pronounce the syllable /pu/ more than 50 times at a rate of one time per second. Mean power frequency (MPF) of one syllable was obtained from electromyogram data of the levator muscle by power spectral analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with postsurgical cleft palates, who were identified as having BVP by nasopharyngeal fiberscopy, served as subjects, and five participants without clefts served as the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all participants without clefts, the slopes of the regression line relating MPF to the course of syllable repetition were negative but not significant. However, in all participants with BVP, the slopes of the regression line were significantly negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrated that the levator muscle of speakers with BVP was more fatigable than that of speakers without clefts during repetition of syllables. This study suggests that the fatigability of levator muscle contributed to mild hypernasality in patients with BVP.
authors.affiliation: Division for Oral and Facial Disorders, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Osaka, Japan. nohara@dent.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nohara
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tachimura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D010700:Phonetics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*