A neurocomputational hypothesis for nicotine addiction.
We present a hypothetical neurocomputational model that combines a set of neural circuits at the molecular, cellular, and system levels and accounts for several neurobiological and behavioral processes leading to nicotine addiction. We propose that combining changes in the nicotinic receptor response, expressed by mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, with dopamine-gated learning in action-selection circuits, suffices to capture the acquisition of nicotine addiction. We show that an opponent process enhanced by persistent nicotine-taking renders self-administration rigid and habitual by inhibiting the learning process, resulting in long-term impairments in the absence of the drug. The model implies distinct thresholds on the dosage and duration for the acquisition and persistence of nicotine addiction. Our hypothesis unites a number of prevalent ideas on nicotine action into a coherent formal network for further understanding of compulsive drug addiction.
Gutkin
Boris S
BS
Récepteurs et Cognition, Unité de Recherche Associée, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2184, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
Dehaene
Stanislas
S
Changeux
Jean-Pierre
JP
D001519:Behavior; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000378:metabolism; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012907:Smoking; D012984:Software; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000473:pathology*
D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D009538:Nicotine; D004298:Dopamine