title: Substance P-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
abstract: Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide involved in neurogenic inflammation and an agonist for NK(1), NK(2), and NK(3) receptors. SP induces prostaglandin (PG) production in various cell types, and these eicosanoids are responsible for numerous inflammatory and vascular effects. Cyclooxygenase (COX) are needed to convert arachidonic acid to PGs. The study evaluated the effect of SP on COX expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). COX-2 protein expression was upregulated by SP with a peak at 100 nM and at 20 h; in the same experimental conditions COX-1 protein expression was unchanged. A correlation between COX-2 expression and PGI(2) and PGE(2) release was detected. Dexamethasone (DEX) inhibited SP-mediated COX-2 expression. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p38 and p42/44 were activated by SP, whereas SB202190 and PD98059, inhibitors of these kinases, blocked COX-2 expression. 5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulphonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone (DFU), an experimental selective COX-2 inhibitor, blocked SP-induced PG release. By RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that NK(1) and NK(2) but not NK(3) receptors are present on HUVEC. Selective NK(1) and NK(2) agonists, namely [Sar(9), Met(O(2))(11)]SP and [beta-Ala(8)] NKA(4-10), upregulated COX-2 protein expression and PG production, whereas senktide (Suc-Asp-Phe-MePhe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH(2)), a selective NK(3) agonist, was ineffective in this respect. The NK(1) selective antagonist L703,606 ((cis)-2-(diphenylmethyl)-N-((2-iodophenyl)-methyl)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)octan-3-amine) and the NK(2) selective antagonist SR 48,968 ((S)-N-methyl-N-(4-(4-acetylamino-4-phenylpiperidino)-2-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)butyl) benzamide) competitively antagonised SP-induced effects. The study shows HUVEC to possess functional NK(1) and NK(2) receptors, which mediate the ability of SP to induce expression of COX-2 in HUVEC, thus showing a previously-undetected effect of SP on endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 9, 10125 Torino, Italy. marghertia.gallicchio@unito.it
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallicchio
authors.forename: Arianna Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benetti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collino
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dianzani
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fantozzi
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C106876:5,5-dimethyl-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-2(5H)-furanone; D001549:Benzamides; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D005663:Furans; D007093:Imidazoles; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011812:Quinuclidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D018041:Receptors, Neurokinin-2; C076851:L 703606; D013373:Substance P; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; C073839:SR 48968; D003907:Dexamethasone; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015232:Dinoprostone; C090942:4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one