title: Expression of terminal differentiation proteins defines stages of mouse mammary gland development.
abstract: Immunohistochemical analysis using paraffin-embedded specimens is the method of choice to evaluate protein expression at a cellular level while preserving tissue architecture in normal and neoplastic tissues. Current knowledge of the expression of terminal differentiation markers in the mouse mammary gland relies on the evaluation of frozen tissues by use of immunofluorescence. We assessed changes in patterns of expression of terminal differentiation markers throughout the development of the mouse mammary gland in paraffin-embedded tissues. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and keratins (K) 5, 8/18, and 14 was influenced by the development stage of the mammary gland. Expression of K5 and SMA was restricted to basal cells. Keratin 14 was consistently expressed by mammary basal cells, and was detected in scattered luminal cells from 13.5 days after conception through puberty. Labeling for K8/18 of luminal cells was heterogeneous at all times. Heterogeneous expression patterns in luminal cells suggest this layer has cells with a variety of biological functions. The absence of K6 expression at any stage of the development of the mammary gland was confirmed by use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, which indicates that this intermediate filament is not a marker of the mammary gland stem cell. Finally, consistent with results of earlier studies, keratins 1, 10, 13, and 15, and filaggrin, involucrin, and loricrin were not detected at any stage of mammary gland development.
authors.affiliation: Igor Mikaelian, Box #98, The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500, USA. imikaeli@jax.org.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mikaelian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hovick
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Burzenski
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Shultz
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ackert-Bicknell
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sundberg
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009024:Morphogenesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D017931:DNA Primers; D007633:Keratins