title: Ischemic preconditioning attenuates the lipid peroxidation and remote lung injury in the rat model of unilateral lower limb ischemia reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ischemia and reperfusion of the skeletal muscle tissue may cause remote lung injury. We aimed to evaluate the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on the lung during unilateral lower limb ischemia reperfusion (IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of rats were used in this study: (i) the sham group (sham, n = 6) served as time controls, they remained anesthetized for the whole duration of the study; (ii) the ischemia and reperfusion group (IR, n = 10) underwent 4 h of left lower limb ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion; (iii) the ischemic preconditioning group (IP, n = 10), the left lower limbs of rats were exposed to three cycles of IP (10 min of ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion); and (iv) the ischemic preconditioning plus ischemia reperfusion group (IP/IR, n = 10) underwent IP followed by IR as in the IP and IR groups. Plasma and tissue samples were taken at the end of the study period for determination of lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count (PMNL), histological lung injury score and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PMNL count and MPO activity in the lung tissue, and plasma TBARS level were higher in the IR group compared with other groups while there were no differences between the sham and the IP and between the sham and the IP/IR groups. Histological lung injury score was higher in the IR group than in the IP/IR and sham groups. The plasma TBARS level in the IP group was significantly lower than in the IP/IR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IP pretreatment reduces lipid peroxidation and lung injury caused by lower limb IR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olguner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karci
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Işlekel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canyilmaz
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mavioĝlu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kizildaĝ
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Unlü
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Elar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014111:Tourniquets
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D009195:Peroxidase