title: Effect of micronutrient supplementation on health and nutritional status of schoolchildren: growth and morbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of a micronutrient-fortified beverage on growth and morbidity in apparently healthy schoolchildren.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, matched-pair, cluster, randomized study in semi-urban middle-income residential schoolchildren aged 6 to 16 y. Anthropometrics (height and weight), clinical symptoms of deficiency, and morbidity data were collected at baseline in the supplemented group (n = 446 in 10 grades) and the placebo group (n = 423 in 10 grades) and after 14 mo of supplementation (n = 355 in the supplement group and n = 340 in the placebo group from nine pairs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 14 mo of supplementation, there was a significant increase in mean increments of height and weight z scores of -0.04 and 0.02, respectively, in the supplemented group compared with -0.14 and -0.09 in the placebo group. Velocity of weight (3.56 versus 3.00) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher with supplementation. Although there were no differences in the incidence of common childhood diseases such as fever, cough and cold, diarrhea, and ear infections elicited for a reference period of 1 mo at every quarterly follow-up examination, the mean duration of illness (calculated per person per year) was significantly shorter (5.0 d) in the supplemented group than in the placebo group (7.4 d).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The micronutrient-fortified beverage was beneficial in promoting growth and decreasing duration of common illnesses among middle-class residential schoolchildren who had adequate energy and protein intakes.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nutrition (Indian Council of Medical Research), Hyderabad, India. rameshwar_kv@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: K V Rameshwar
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Udaykumar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balakrishna
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology; D009017:Morbidity; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000187:drug effects; D012574:Schools; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients