Fornix integrity and hippocampal volume in male schizophrenic patients.
BACKGROUND
The hippocampus has been shown to be abnormal in schizophrenia. The fornix is one of the main fiber tracts connecting the hippocampus with other brain regions. Few studies have evaluated the fornix in schizophrenia, however. A focus on fornix abnormalities and their association with hippocampal abnormalities might figure importantly in our understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.


METHODS
Line-scan diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to evaluate diffusion in the fornix in 24 male patients with chronic schizophrenia and 31 male control subjects. Maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (D(m)), which are indices sensitive to white-matter integrity, were generated to quantify diffusion within the fornix. We used high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure hippocampal volume.


RESULTS
FA and cross-sectional area of the fornix were significantly reduced in patients compared with control subjects. D(m) was significantly increased, whereas hippocampal volume was bilaterally reduced in patients. Reduced hippocampal volume was correlated with increased mean D(m) and reduced cross-sectional area of the fornix for patients. Patients also showed a significant correlation between reduced scores on neuropsychologic measures of declarative-episodic memory and reduced hippocampal volumes.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate a disruption in fornix integrity in patients with schizophrenia.
Kuroki
Noriomi
N
Clinical Neuroscience Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Boston VA Healthcare System, Brockton Division, and Harvard Medical School, Brockton, Massachusetts, USA.
Kubicki
Marek
M
Nestor
Paul G
PG
Salisbury
Dean F
DF
Park
Hae-Jeong
HJ
Levitt
James J
JJ
Woolston
Sophie
S
Frumin
Melissa
M
Niznikiewicz
Margaret
M
Westin
Carl-Fredrik
CF
Maier
Stephan E
SE
McCarley
Robert W
RW
Shenton
Martha E
ME
D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D001931:Brain Mapping; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D020712:Fornix, Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric