title: IR-SE and IR-MEMRI allow in vivo visualization of oscine neuroarchitecture including the main forebrain regions of the song control system.
abstract: Songbirds share with humans the capacity to produce learned vocalizations (song). Recently, two major regions within the songbird's neural substrate for song learning and production; nucleus robustus arcopallii (RA) and area X (X) are visualized in vivo using Manganese Enhanced MRI (MEMRI). The aim of this study is to extend this to all main interconnected forebrain Song Control Nuclei. The ipsilateral feedback circuits allow Mn2+ to reach all main Song Control Nuclei after stereotaxic injection of very small doses of MnCl2 (10 nl of 10 mM) into HVC of one and MAN (nucleus magnocellularis nidopallii anterioris) of the other hemisphere. Application of a high resolution (80 micron) Spin Echo Inversion Recovery sequence instead of conventional T1-weighted Spin Echo images improves the image contrast dramatically such that some Song Control Nuclei, ventricles, several laminae, fibre tracts and other specific brain regions can be discerned. The combination of this contrast-rich IR-SE sequence with the transsynaptic transport property of Manganese (Inversion Recovery based MEMRI (IR-MEMRI)) enables the visualization of all main interconnected components of the Song Control System in telencephalon and thalamus.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Imaging Lab, Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tindemans
authors.forename: Tiny
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boumans
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhoye
authors.forename: Annemie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van der Linden
mesh_terms: D000819:Animal Communication; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008345:Manganese; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology*; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000166:cytology*; D020308:Songbirds / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D008345:Manganese