title: Clinical relevance of memory performance during Wada is stimulus type dependent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate whether different types of memory stimulus provide different information during the Wada or intracarotid amytal procedure (IAP) in patients with refractory medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty nine surgical candidates with documented MTLE and selected for left hemispheric language dominance underwent memory assessment with verbal and dually encodable stimuli during a presurgical IAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall IAP memory performance with the left hemisphere is significantly better than with the right hemisphere regardless of lesion side. This can be explained by the left hemispheric advantage of encoding all stimuli, whereas the right hemisphere has only limited resources to encode verbal stimuli. More importantly, it appeared that dually encodable items remain more readily recognised following injection ipsilateral to the lesion, whereas verbal items are always better recognised following right hemisphere injection regardless of lesion side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Verbal IAP stimuli show left hemispheric sensitivity in left language dominant MTLE patients. The dually encodable items of the IAP appear lesion sensitive.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neuropsychology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. guy.vingerhoets@ugent.be
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vingerhoets
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miatton
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seurinck
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000654:Amobarbital; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000654:Amobarbital