title: Ischemic preconditioning for major liver resection under vascular exclusion of the liver preserving the caval flow: a randomized prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two randomized prospective studies suggested that ischemic preconditioning (IP) protects the human liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy performed under continuous clamping of the portal triad. The primary goal of this study was to determine whether IP protects the human liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy under continuous vascular exclusion with preservation of the caval flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups: with (n=30; preconditioning group) and without (n=30; control group) IP (10 minutes of portal triad clamping and 10 minutes of reperfusion) before major hepatectomy under vascular exclusion of the liver preserving the caval flow. Serum concentrations of aspartate transferase, alanine transferase, glutathione-S-transferase, and bilirubin and prothrombin time were regularly determined until discharge and at 1 month. Morbidity and mortality were determined in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak postoperative concentrations of aspartate transferase were similar in the groups with and without IP (851 +/- 1,733 IU/L and 427 +/- 166 IU/L respectively, p=0.2). A similar trend toward a higher peak concentration of alanine transferase and glutathione-S-transferase was indeed observed in the preconditioning group compared with the control group. Morbidity and mortality rates and lengths of ICU and hospitalization stays were similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IP does not improve liver tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion after hepatectomy under vascular exclusion of the liver with preservation of the caval flow. This maneuver does not improve postoperative liver function and does not affect morbidity or mortality rates. The clinical use of IP through 10 minutes of warm ischemia in this technique of hepatectomy is not currently recommended.
authors.affiliation: Centre Hépato-Biliare, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, Université Paris-Sud, and IFR 89.9, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azoulay
authors.forename: Valério
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lucidi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andreani
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.forename: Mylène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebagh
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ichai
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castaing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007902:Length of Stay; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase