title: Electrocortical and behavioral responses elicited by acute electrical stimulation of inferior thalamic peduncle and nucleus reticularis thalami in a patient with major depression disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to study electrocortical and behavioral responses elicited by 6, 60 and 3/s stimulation of the inferior thalamic peduncle (ITP) and nucleus reticularis thalami (Re) in a patient with of major depression disorder resistant to psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy and candidate to be treated by electrical stimulation of the ITP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this patient, two multicontact electrodes were implanted bilaterally through frontal coronal parasagittal burr-holes with oblique trajectories aiming ITP and Re. Stimulation was performed through externalized systems. Referential scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were performed and subjective sensations and clinical symptoms reported by patient and changes in responsiveness in single response tasks during stimulation trials were systematically recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unilateral, low (6/s) and high (60/s) frequency stimulation of either ITP or Re produced identical recruiting-like responses or desynchronization-DC shift changes predominant at frontopolar region, bilaterally. Billateral, high intensity 3/s stimulation or either ITP or Re produced electrocortical responses that consisted in generalized 3/s spike-wave complexes predominant at frontopolar, frontocentral and frontotemporal regions. However, while ITP responses were accompanied by all symptoms described for a spontaneous absence attack, Re responses were behaviorly accompanied only by delayed reaction time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggests that in humans as in cats, ITP and Re are both part of a non-specific thalamo-orbitofrontal system normally engaged in cortical synchronization, selective attention and sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under abnormal conditions, ITP and RE may play a role in the physiopathology of typical absence attacks and depression disorders.
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Department, Unit of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Mexico, SS, National Medical Center, IMSS, Callejón de la Escondida no 67, Villa Coyoacán, CP 04000 Mexico City, Mexico. marcosvc@computacionalfa.com.mx
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Fiacro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: José D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Ruiz
authors.forename: Ana Luisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salín-Pascual
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D020646:Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects