title: Botulinum toxin in blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia: comparing different botulinum toxin preparations.
abstract: Amongst all regions of the body, the craniocervical region is the one most frequently affected by dystonia. Whilst blepharospasm--involuntary bilateral eye closure--is produced by spasmodic contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles, oromandibular dystonia may cause jaw closure with trismus and bruxism, or involuntary jaw opening or deviation, interfering with speaking and chewing. Both forms of dystonia can be effectively treated with botulinum toxin injection. This article summarizes injection techniques in both forms of dystonia and compares doses, potency and efficacy of different commercially available toxins, including Botox, Dysport, Xeomin and Myobloc/NeuroBloc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhidayasiri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Truong
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A