title: Plasma homocysteine levels in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that homocysteine contributes to various neurodegenerative disorders, and elevated plasma homocysteine levels have been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if and why plasma homocysteine levels are increased in MS, and whether they play a role in the disease course.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared plasma levels of homocysteine in 88 patients with MS and 57 healthy controls. In the MS group, 28 had a benign course, 37 were secondary progressive, and 23 primary progressive. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we measured serum levels of vitamins B6 and B12, folate, interleukin (IL)-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, leukocyte nitric oxide production, and plasma diene conjugate levels (measure of oxidative stress).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) plasma homocysteine concentration was higher in patients (13.8 (4.9) micromol/l) than in controls (10.1 (2.5) micromol/l; p<0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in homocysteine levels between the three clinical subgroups of MS. Serum concentrations of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate were not different between patients with MS and controls. In the MS group, there were no correlations between plasma homocysteine levels and the serum concentrations of IL-12 or TNF-alpha, leukocyte nitric oxide production, or plasma diene conjugate levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated plasma homocysteine occurs in both benign and progressive disease courses of MS, and seems unrelated to immune activation, oxidative stress, or a deficiency in vitamin B6, vitamin B12, or folate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: G S M
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ramsaransing
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fokkema
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teelken
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Arutjunyan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Keyser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine