title: In vivo redirection of retinal blood flow into borosilicate micro-cannulas in rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microvascular manipulation is one application in the emerging field of retinal vascular surgery that could lead to new therapeutic approaches for retinal disease. Research in this field has largely focused on vessel cannulation and injection of vasoactive substances. This study expands on applications for retinal vessel manipulation by demonstrating that redirection of retinal blood flow in vivo can be achieved through retinal vessel cannulation in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dutch-belted rabbits were anesthetized, and a sectoral peritomy and sclerotomy 1 mm from the superotemporal limbus were performed. Borosilicate glass microtips with external diameters of 10-20 mum were introduced into the vitreous through the sclerotomy site. Using an operating microscope and a direct contact lens for visualization, we cannulated the rabbits' retinal vessels, and blood flow was redirected through the microtips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal vessels approximately 30-60 mum in size were cannulated, and controlled blood flow through the microcannula was demonstrated with minimal or no vitreous hemorrhage. Though still achievable, flow after arterial cannulation was more difficult to demonstrate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that partial diversion of blood flow from a native vessel lumen could be successfully accomplished by retinal vessel cannulation. This early work indicates that more advanced retinal vascular procedures, such as vessel bypass around a thrombus or shunting blood towards an area of ischemic retina, may be feasible in the future.
authors.affiliation: Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02114-3096, USA.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Christoforidis
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Warden
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demattia
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: D'Amico
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001881:Borates; D002404:Catheterization; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005898:Glass; D011817:Rabbits; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000502:physiology*; D012599:Sclerostomy; D017640:Silicates
chemical_list: D001881:Borates; D017640:Silicates