title: Types of renal disease in avian species.
abstract: Renal disease in birds is frequently encountered. Like most other animals, birds are susceptible to a full spectrum of renal insults,such as toxins, tumors, infections, and degenerative conditions. Accurate diagnosis of renal disease is based on a complete history,physical examination, and laboratory evaluation of the patient. Because it is often required for a more definitive diagnosis, special attention is given to histopathologic evaluation of renal tissue,whether through a premortem biopsy or collection at gross necropsy.
authors.affiliation: Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, PO Box 267, Greenview, CA 96037, USA. zooexotic@sisqtel.net
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001717:Birds; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013045:Species Specificity