title: Migration of bone marrow and cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in vitro is regulated by stromal-derived factor-1-CXCR4 and hepatocyte growth factor-c-met axes and involves matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly being considered in cell-based therapeutic strategies for regeneration of various organs/tissues. However, the signals required for their homing and recruitment to injured sites are not yet fully understood. Because stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) become up-regulated during tissue/organ damage, in this study we examined whether these factors chemoattract ex vivo-expanded MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord blood (CB). Specifically, we investigated the expression by MSCs of CXCR4 and c-met, the cognate receptors of SDF-1 and HGF, and their functionality after early and late passages of MSCs. We also determined whether MSCs express matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP, matrix-degrading enzymes that facilitate the trafficking of hematopoietic stem cells. We maintained expanded BM- or CB-derived MSCs for up to 15-18 passages with monitoring of the expression of 1) various tissue markers (cardiac and skeletal muscle, neural, liver, and endothelial cells), 2) functional CXCR4 and c-met, and 3) MMPs. We found that for up to 15-18 passages, both BM- and CB-derived MSCs 1) express mRNA for cardiac, muscle, neural, and liver markers, as well as the vascular endothelial (VE) marker VE-cadherin; 2) express CXCR4 and c-met receptors and are strongly attracted by SDF-1 and HGF gradients; 3) express MMP-2 and MT1-MMP transcripts and proteins; and 4) are chemo-invasive across the reconstituted basement membrane Matrigel. These in vitro results suggest that the SDF-1-CXCR4 and HGF-c-met axes, along with MMPs, may be involved in recruitment of expanded MSCs to damaged tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R8, Canada.
authors.forename: Bo-Ra
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Leah A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Marquez-Curtis
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kucia
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wysoczynski
authors.forename: A Robert
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratajczak
authors.forename: Mariusz Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ratajczak
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janowska-Wieczorek
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000502:physiology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D015870:Gene Expression; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases