title: Growth-inhibiting effects of concentrations of fusaric acid on the growth of Bacillus mojavensis and other biocontrol Bacillus species.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of concentrations of fusaric acid on the growth of several strains of the biocontrol bacterial endophyte Bacillus mojavensis and other species within the Bacillus subtilis group, as well as the genetic relationships within this small group of Gram-positive bacteria, and their antagonisms to Fusarium verticillioides, which produce fusaric acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth of 50 Bacillus strains and species were tested at two concentrations of fusaric acid determined in maize infected by an isolate of F. verticillioides. Molecular characterizations of the strains and species of bacteria were determined with an automated ribotyper. The growth of bacteria measured under both concentrations with an automated turbidometer, Bioscreen, indicated that fusaric acid was toxic to most strains of the bacterial endophyte B. mojavensis. However, the effects of these two concentrations on other Bacillus species varied in that fusaric acid was either bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic to most species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that the concentrations of fusaric acid are inhibitory to the growth of most Bacillus species, some of which are used as biocontrol agents. This suggests that the endophytic and saprophytic states of F. verticillioides and other Fusarium species cannot be controlled by fusaric-acid-sensitive Bacillus species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mycotoxic Fusarium species, such as F. verticillioides, are competitive because all produce fusaric acid, which is inhibitory to biocontrol bacteria, and mutants tolerant to fusaric acid must be developed in order to be effective on biocontrol bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, ARS, USDA, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30604, USA. cbacon@saa.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Bacon
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinton
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D003470:Culture Media; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005669:Fusaric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000737:chemistry; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D021521:Ribotyping / Q000379:methods; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015246:Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI; D005669:Fusaric Acid