title: Diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by axillary vein thrombosis.
abstract: A case is presented of a 39-year-old male with Down's Syndrome, who also had type 1 diabetes of 22 years duration. He presented with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)-arterial blood pH 7.17, plasma bicarbonate 13.6mmol/l, plasma glucose 26.4mmol/l and urine heavily positive for ketones. He recovered with standard intravenous fluid and insulin treatment, but on the third day of admission developed a swollen left arm (which had not been used for intravenous cannulation). Doppler ultrasound confirmed a left axillary vein thrombosis. This slowly resolved with anticoagulation. Review of the available literature revealed that though arterial thrombosis is a common complication of DKA, venous thromboembolism is surprisingly rare, and there appear to be no previous specific reports of axillary vein thrombosis complicating DKA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 1AE, UK. g.gill@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: MacNamara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: English
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001367:Axillary Vein; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000150:complications*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*