title: Lengthening and transfer of hamstrings for a flexion deformity of the knee in children with bilateral cerebral palsy: technique and preliminary results.
abstract: Between July 2000 and April 2004, 19 patients with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy who required an assistive device to walk had combined lengthening-transfer of the medial hamstrings as part of multilevel surgery. A standardised physical examination, measurement of the Functional Mobility Scale score and video or instrumented gait analysis were performed pre- and post-operatively. Static parameters (popliteal angle, flexion deformity of the knee) and sagittal knee kinematic parameters (knee flexion at initial contact, minimum knee flexion during stance, mean knee flexion during stance) were recorded. The mean length of follow-up was 25 months (14 to 45). Statistically significant improvements in static and dynamic outcome parameters were found, corresponding to improvements in gait and functional mobility as determined by the Functional Mobility Scale. Mild hyperextension of the knee during gait developed in two patients and was controlled by adjustment of their ankle-foot orthosis. Residual flexion deformity > 10 degrees occurred in both knees of one patient and was treated by anterior distal femoral physeal stapling. Two children also showed an improvement of one level in the Gross Motor Function Classification System.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
authors.forename: F Y P
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Selber
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Nattrass
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D020235:Gait Apraxia; D006801:Humans; D016916:Joint Deformities, Acquired / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome