title: Amelioration of adjuvant-induced arthritis by ursolic acid through altered Th1/Th2 cytokine production.
abstract: The objective of the study was to investigate the activity of ursolic acid (UA) on proinflammatory (Th1) and anti-inflammatory (Th2) cytokines in the peripheral blood of arthritic balb/c mice. Ursolic acid is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom and is a constituent of numerous plants which are having diversified phylogenetic origin and taxonomic position. We applied Cytometric bead array (CBA) technology for simultaneously measurement of these cytokines in adjuvant inflammatory arthritis induced mice treated with ursolic acid in graded oral doses. Cytometric bead array uses the sensitivity of amplified fluorescence detection by flowcytometer to measure soluble analytes in a particle based immune assay. This assay can accurately quantitate five cytokines in a 50 microl sample volume. The T-helper (Th1) deviated cells produce detectable level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), while the Th2 deviated cells produce significant amount of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5). Oral administration of UA at doses of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg kg(-1) per oral dose inhibited the presence of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in the peripheral blood.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology (Flowcytometry) Regional Research Laboratory, Canal Road Jammu Tawi, Jammu 180001, India. fayaz2kin@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Sheikh Fayaz
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Beenish
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Sarang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bani
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Satti
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Qazi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D032301:Cestrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009161:Mycobacterium; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011239:Prednisolone; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097245:Ursolic Acid