title: Live high-train low associated with increased haemoglobin mass as preparation for the 2003 World Championships in two native European world class runners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear whether world class endurance athletes, in contrast with less well trained subjects, increase their haemoglobin mass on a regimen of living high and training low (LHTL).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether haemoglobin mass increases in world class athletes on LHTL and whether this increase is associated with peak performance at a subsequent important competition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two Swiss world class runners (one 5000 m and one marathon) lived for 26 days (18 hours a day) at an altitude of 2456 m and trained at 1800 m. This LHTL camp was the preparation for the World Athletic Championships taking place 27-29 days after the end of the camp. Haemoglobin mass and other haematological variables were measured before and after the LHTL camp. The performance parameter was the race times during that period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemoglobin mass increased by 3.9% and 7.6%, and erythrocyte volume by 5.8% and 6.3%. The race times, as well as the ranking at the World Championships, indicated clearly improved performance after the LHTL camp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that LHTL with an adequate dose of hypoxia can increase haemoglobin mass even in world class athletes, which may translate into improved performance at important competitions at sea level.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute of Sports, Hauptstrasse 247, 2532 Magglingen, Switzerland. jon.wehrlin@baspo.admin.ch
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wehrlin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marti
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D004911:Erythrocyte Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins