title: Endogenous sex hormones, breast cancer risk, and tamoxifen response: an ancillary study in the NSABP Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (P-1).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prospective studies have shown an association between increased serum levels of estradiol and testosterone and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene has been shown to reduce breast cancer risk more in women with high estradiol levels than in those with lower levels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sex hormone levels were associated with breast cancer risk and with response to tamoxifen in a high-risk population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a case-cohort design, we studied 135 women with postmenopausal breast cancer and 275 postmenopausal women without breast cancer who were enrolled in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Cancer Prevention Trial (P-1) and who had been treated with tamoxifen or placebo for 69 months. We measured estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin by using radioimmunoassay in baseline plasma samples. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for invasive breast cancer were estimated for each quartile of sex hormone level using Cox proportional hazards models. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median plasma levels of estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were similar between the case and cohort groups. The relative risk of breast cancer for women in the placebo group was not associated with sex hormone levels (risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in women by quartile of estradiol: Q1 [lowest], RR = 1.0; Q2, RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.49 to 2.7; Q3, RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.45 to 2.61; and Q4, RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.59 to 2.82). The reduced risk of invasive breast cancer in tamoxifen-treated women compared with placebo-treated women was not associated with sex hormone levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data do not support the use of endogenous sex hormone levels to identify women who are at particularly high risk of breast cancer and who are most likely to benefit from chemoprevention with tamoxifen.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. mary.beattie@ucsfmedctr.org
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Beattie
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: D Lawrence
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wickerham
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowsett
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Folkerd
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolmark
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hankinson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013629:Tamoxifen; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol