title: Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome with antibiotics: pilot study assessing the involvement of Coxiella burnetii infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is involved in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), we administered tetracycline antibiotics to subjects with CFS, and followed changes in clinical symptoms, PCR findings, and C. burnetii antibody titers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 8 patients with CFS and 213 with nonspecific complaints such as chronic fatigue and low-grade fever for several months or longer but not meeting the diagnostic criteria for CFS. All were examined for C. burnetii infection by nested PCR and the indirect immunofluorescence test (IF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four CFS patients (the CFS group) and 54 controls [the post-Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) group] positive for C. burnetii were treated mainly with minocycline or doxycycline (100 mg/day) for 3 months. After treatment, all 58 patients tested negative for C. burnetii infection. In the CFS group, no significant difference was noted between the mean pre- and post-treatment temperatures or headache scores. Similarly, there was no significant improvement in performance status (PS) scores. In the QFS group, however, mean temperatures and headache scores were significantly decreased after treatment (p<0.001). PS scores were also improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest the possibility of direct involvement of C. burnetii in the pathological state of CFS to be low, despite the C. burnetii infection rate being high in CFS patients. This is a pilot study and further larger investigations are necessary to confirm our preliminary results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iwakami
authors.forename: Yasutomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arashima
authors.forename: Kimitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Shigemi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshida
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D016997:Coxiella burnetii / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008911:Minocycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011778:Q Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015242:Ofloxacin; D008911:Minocycline; D004318:Doxycycline