title: Verbal communication outcomes in children with autism after in-home father training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective study examined the efficacy of in-home father training on the communicative outcomes of children with autism. The in-home training consisted of two components: (1) expectant waiting; and (2) imitation with animation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Efficacy of parent training was examined by measuring the ratio of utterances produced by the parents to the utterances produced by the children and the number of verbal imitation by the parents. Outcomes of the children's verbal production were examined by measuring the number of (1) single word utterances; (2) different words produced; and (3) verbal response to questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following training there was a decrease in the ratio of parent to child utterances and an increase in (1) the use of imitation by the parents; and (2) the number of single words and different words produced by the children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggested that the parents had learned to wait for their children to communicate verbally during communicative interactions and to interact more efficiently with their children by using verbal imitation. Overall, the results of this study support the efficacy of parent training that focuses on promotion of social reciprocity, and have important implications for clinicians and future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communicative Disorders, College of Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610-0174, USA. hkseung@phhp.ufl.edu
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Seung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashwell
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Elder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valcante
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014706:Verbal Learning