title: A randomized control trial of an Ultra-Short zidovudine regimen in the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in rural Zimbabwe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the practicality and effectiveness of an Ultra-Short zidovudine regimen for prevention of perinatal HIV transmission in rural Zimbabwe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blinded placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Salvation Army Howard Hospital, a district hospital in rural Zimbabwe.
  
  
  METHODS
  222 HIV positive pregnant women presenting for antenatal care prior to 36 weeks were randomized. Twenty nine women were lost to follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Thai regimen, mothers received zidovudine (300 mg po bid) from 36 weeks gestation until labour, and zidovudine (300 mg po q3h) during labour, and the neonates received a placebo. In the Ultra-Short regimen, the mothers received a placebo from 36 weeks to labour, then zidovudine (300 mg po q3h) in labour. The neonates received zidovudine (2 mg/kg po qid) for the first three days of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infant HIV RNA status at six weeks of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results were available for 90 infants from the Thai group and 89 infants from the Ultra-Short group. Infant HIV seroconversion rates at six weeks of life were 18.9% (95%CI 10.8 to 27.0) with the Thai regimen, and 15.7% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 8.1 to 23.4] with the Ultra-Short regimen. The upper bound of seroconversion in the Ultra-Short group was lower than the 25% seroconversion boundary that was specified to show equivalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the Ultra-Short regimen has equivalent efficacy to the Thai regimen, it also has many practical advantages. Ultra-Short is thus a preferable protocol.
authors.affiliation: The Salvation Army Howard Hospital, Glendale, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thistle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottesman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pilon
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Glazier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arbess
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chitsike
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chipato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015215:Zidovudine