title: Natural variation and genetic covariance in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
abstract: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly variable and heritable among laboratory strains of mice. Adult neurogenesis is also remarkably plastic and can be modulated by environment and activity. Here, we provide a systematic quantitative analysis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in two large genetic reference panels of recombinant inbred strains (BXD and AXB/BXA, n = 52 strains). We combined data on variation in neurogenesis with a new transcriptome database to extract a set of 190 genes with expression patterns that are also highly variable and that covary with rates of (i) cell proliferation, (ii) cell survival, or the numbers of surviving (iii) new neurons, and (iv) astrocytes. Expression of a subset of these neurogenesis-associated transcripts was controlled in cis across the BXD set. These self-modulating genes are particularly interesting candidates to control neurogenesis. Among these were musashi (Msi1h) and prominin1/CD133 (Prom1), both of which are linked to stem-cell maintenance and division. Twelve neurogenesis-associated transcripts had significant cis-acting quantitative trait loci, and, of these, six had plausible biological association with adult neurogenesis (Prom1, Ssbp2, Kcnq2, Ndufs2, Camk4, and Kcnj9). Only one cis-acting candidate was linked to both neurogenesis and gliogenesis, Rapgef6, a downstream target of ras signaling. The use of genetic reference panels coupled with phenotyping and global transcriptome profiling thus allowed insight into the complexity of the genetic control of adult neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Max Delbröck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany. gerd.kempermann@mdc-berlin.de
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kempermann
authors.forename: Elissa J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chesler
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Fred H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Gage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine