title: An immunoassay for a urinary metabolite as a biomarker of human exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin.
abstract: Permethrin is the most popular synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used in agriculture and public health. For the assessment of human exposure to permethrin, a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the glycine conjugate of a major metabolite, cis-/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DCCA), of permethrin was developed based on a polyclonal antibody. An assay based on an antibody with a high sensitivity was optimized and characterized. The IC50 value and the detection range for trans-DCCA-glycine, in the assay buffer were 1.2 and 0.2-7.0 microg/L, respectively. The antibody recognized trans-DCCA-glycine and the mixture of cis-/trans-DCCA-glycine with an isomer range from 30:70 to 50:50 nearly equally. Little or no cross-reactivity to permethrin and its other free metabolites or glycine conjugates was measured. The integration of the ELISA and solid-phase extraction which was used to reduce the matrix effect from human urine samples provided for analysis of total cis-/trans-DCCA-glycine at low parts per billion levels in the samples. The limit of quantitation of the target analyte was 1.0 microg/L in urine with a limit of detection of 0.1 microg/L in buffer. This assay might be a useful tool for monitoring human exposure to permethrin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Ki Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Seung-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hsing-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shirley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hammock
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D026023:Permethrin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000652:urine*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011722:Pyrethrins; D026023:Permethrin; C069616:3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid; D005998:Glycine