title: Efficacy of various concentrations of NaOCl and instrumentation techniques in reducing Enterococcus faecalis within root canals and dentinal tubules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of 0.5%, 2.5% and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as intracanal irrigants associated with hand and rotary instrumentation techniques against Enterococcus faecalis within root canals and dentinal tubules.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 extracted human premolar teeth were infected for 21 days with E. faecalis. The specimens were divided into 12 groups, as follows: group 1: 5.25% NaOCl + Hybrid technique (Valdrighi et al. 1998); group 2: 5.25% NaOCl + nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary technique 4 mm shorter than the apex (by FOP-UNICAMP); group 3: 5, 25% NaOCl + NiTi rotary technique (Hero 642); group 4: 2.5% NaOCl +Hybrid technique; group 5: 2.5% NaOCl + NiTi rotary technique 4 mm shorter than the apex; group 6: 2.5% NaOCl + NiTi rotary technique (Hero 642); group 7: 0.5% NaOCl + Hybrid technique; group 8: 0.5% NaOCl + NiTi rotary technique 4 mm shorter than the apex; group 9: 0.5% NaOCl + NiTi rotary technique (Hero 642); group 10: sterile saline solution + Hybrid technique; group 11: sterile saline solution + NiTi rotary technique 4 mm shorter than the apex; group 12: sterile saline solution + NiTi rotary technique (Hero 642). Canals were sampled before and after preparation. After serial dilution, samples were plated onto brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, and the colony forming units (CFU) that were grown were counted. The teeth were sectioned into three thirds and dentine chips were removed from the canals with conical burs. The samples obtained with each bur were immediately collected into test tubes containing BHI broth, and were incubated at 37 degrees C and plated onto BHI agar. The CFU were counted and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all depths and thirds of the root canals and for all techniques used, 5.25% NaOCl was shown to be the most effective irrigant solution tested when dentinal tubules were analysed, followed by 2.5% NaOCl. No differences among concentrations in cleaning the canals were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Especially at higher concentrations, NaOCl, was able to disinfect the dentinal tubules, independent of the canal preparation technique used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.forename: B P F A
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: N T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Sena
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: C C R
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaia
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Souza-Filho
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite