title: Suppression of adjuvant-induced arthritic bone destruction by cyclooxygenase-2 selective agents with and without inhibitory potency against carbonic anhydrase II.
abstract: In vitro assays revealed that COX-2 inhibitors with CA II inhibitory potency suppressed both differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, whereas that without the potency reduced only osteoclast differentiation. However, all COX-2 inhibitors similarly suppressed bone destruction in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, indicating that suppression of osteoclast differentiation is more effective than that of osteoclast activity for the treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) are known to play important roles in the differentiation of osteoclasts and the activity of mature osteoclasts, respectively. Because several COX-2 selective agents were recently found to possess an inhibitory potency against CA II, this study compared the bone sparing effects of COX-2 selective agents with and without the CA II inhibitory potency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteoclast differentiation was determined by the mouse co-culture system of osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, and mature osteoclast activity was measured by the pit area on a dentine slice resorbed by osteoclasts generated and isolated from bone marrow cells. In vivo effects on arthritic bone destruction were determined by radiological and histological analyses of hind-paws of adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CA II was expressed predominantly in mature osteoclasts, but not in the precursors. CA II activity was inhibited by sulfonamide-type COX-2 selective agents celecoxib and JTE-522 similarly to a CA II inhibitor acetazolamide, but not by a methylsulfone-type COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib. In vitro assays clearly revealed that celecoxib and JTE-522 suppressed both differentiation and activity of osteoclasts, whereas rofecoxib and acetazolamide suppressed only osteoclast differentiation and activation, respectively. However, bone destruction in AIA rats was potently and similarly suppressed by all COX-2 selective agents whether with or without CA II inhibitory potency, although only moderately by acetazolamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suppression of osteoclast differentiation by COX-2 inhibition is more effective than suppression of mature osteoclast activity by CA II inhibition for the treatment of arthritic bone destruction.
authors.affiliation: Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chikazu
authors.forename: Aishi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasamata
authors.forename: Shun-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akama
authors.forename: Hatsue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tazaki
authors.forename: Ung-Il
authors.initials: UI
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takato
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II