title: Nadifloxacin downmodulates antigen-presenting functions of epidermal Langerhans cells and keratinocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nadifloxacin is an anti-microbial quinolone derivative widely used for the treatment of acne as a topical agent. This drug has been suggested to have not only anti-bacterial but also anti-inflammatory actions, which may have a beneficial effect on some aspects of inflammatory acne.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To further clarify its abilities to modulate skin immunity, we investigated whether nadifloxacin affects the hapten- and superantigen-presenting capacities of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and keratinocytes, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immune lymph node CD4+ T cells from trinitrophenyl-sensitized BALB/c mice were cocultured with LC-enriched epidermal cells (LC-EC) that were freshly isolated from syngeneic mice and derivatized with trinitrophenyl hapten in the presence or absence of nadifloxacin. Alternatively, LC-EC were preincubated with nadifloxacin (NDFX), modified with the hapten, and cultured with immune T cells. The effects of nadifloxacin on the surface molecule expression in LC and keratinocytes were also tested by flow cytometry and cellular ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LC-EC cultured with nadifloxacin at 10 microg/ml or more significantly suppressed the antigen-presenting function of LC for T cells. The ability of MHC class II+ keratinocytes to present a superantigen to T cells was suppressed by preincubation of keratinocytes with 30 microg/ml or more of nadifloxacin. These functional reductions in LC and keratinocytes reflected the decreased expression of MHC class II and/or costimulatory molecules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nadifloxacin downmodulates cutaneous immunity by interfering with the antigen-presenting ability of epidermal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Miwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011807:Quinolizines; C062127:nadifloxacin