Distinct role of macrophages in different tumor microenvironments.
Macrophages are prominent in the stromal compartment of virtually all types of malignancy. These highly versatile cells respond to the presence of stimuli in different parts of tumors with the release of a distinct repertoire of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes that regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and/or metastasis. The distinct microenvironments where tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) act include areas of invasion where TAMs promote cancer cell motility, stromal and perivascular areas where TAMs promote metastasis, and avascular and perinecrotic areas where hypoxic TAMs stimulate angiogenesis. This review will discuss the evidence for differential regulation of TAMs in these microenvironments and provide an overview of current attempts to target or use TAMs for therapeutic purposes.
Lewis
Claire E
CE
Academic Unit of Pathology, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom. Claire.lewis@sheffield.ac.uk
Pollard
Jeffrey W
JW
D002465:Cell Movement; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic