title: Development of nevirapine resistance in infants is reduced by use of infant-only single-dose nevirapine plus zidovudine postexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
abstract: We analyzed the development of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected Malawian infants who received regimens containing single-dose NVP (SD-NVP) for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. All infants received SD-NVP, and some randomly received zidovudine (ZDV) as well. Mothers did or did not receive SD-NVP on the basis of when they arrived at the hospital for delivery. In infants 6-8 weeks of age, NVP resistance was less frequent when infants had received SD-NVP plus ZDV and mothers had not received SD-NVP than when infants had received SD-NVP alone and mothers had received SD-NVP (4/15 [27%] vs. 20/23 [87%]; P < .001). The risk of MTCT of HIV-1 was comparable with these regimens. Infant-only prophylaxis also eliminates the development of NVP resistance in mothers.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. seshlem@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eshleman
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hudelson
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fiscus
authors.forename: Estelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piwowar-Manning
authors.forename: J Brooks
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Newton I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Kumwenda
authors.forename: Taha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Taha
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015215:Zidovudine; D019829:Nevirapine