title: Genetic characterization and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry and humans in Senegal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main objectives of this study were to investigate the diversity of Campylobacter genotypes circulating in Senegal and to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry (n = 99) and from patients (n = 10) and Campylobacter coli isolated from poultry (n = 72) were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The pulsotypes obtained after digestion by SmaI and KpnI revealed a significant genetic diversity in both species, but without any predominant pulsotypes. However, farm-specific clones were identified in the majority of poultry houses (76.5%). Human and poultry isolates of C. jejuni had common PFGE patterns. High quinolone-resistance rates were observed for C. jejuni (43.4%) and C. coli (48.6%) isolates obtained from poultry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed a genetic diversity of Campylobacter between farms indicating multiple sources of infection; but specific clones had the ability to colonize the broiler farms. The antimicrobial resistance patterns were not related to any specific PFGE pattern suggesting that resistance was due to the selective pressure of antibiotic usage. Campylobacter with similar genotypes were circulating in both human and poultry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is important for the understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter in broiler farms in Senegal. It also emphasizes the need for a more stringent policy in the use of antimicrobial agents in food animals.
authors.affiliation: Programme Productions Animales, CIRAD-EMVT, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. eric.cardinale@cirad.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardinale
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Perrier Gros-Claude
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tall
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rivoal
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mead
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvat
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017000:Campylobacter coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / Q000379:methods; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004917:Erythromycin; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D000658:Amoxicillin; D027081:DNA Gyrase