Population-based mammography screening and breast cancer incidence in New South Wales, Australia.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse breast cancer incidence trends in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, in relation to population-based mammography screening targeting women aged 50 to 69 years.


METHODS
Trends in age-specific incidence of invasive breast cancers in NSW women aged > or = 40 years were examined in relation to mammography screening rates and screening cancer detection rates.


RESULTS
Incidence of invasive breast cancer in NSW women increased in all age-groups over 1972 to 2002. The incidence trend for women aged 50 to 69 years showed that the steepest rise was associated with increased participation in population-based mammography screening, which was implemented from 1988 and achieved state-wide coverage in 1995. The elevated incidence of invasive cancer significantly exceeded pre-screening levels, and persisted after rates of initial screens declined. This elevated incidence was sustained by the contribution of cancers diagnosed through subsequent screening, and resulted from increased cancer detection rates in subsequent screens.


CONCLUSIONS
The recent increase in invasive breast cancer incidence in NSW is associated with mammography screening, and occurred mostly in the target age-group women. Persistence of higher incidence after 1994 was not explicable by inflation of cancer incidence due to detection of prevalent screen cases, but was associated with a trend of increased cancer detection rates in subsequent screening rounds, probably consequent to quality improvements in mammography screening diagnosis.
Chiu
Clayton
C
Research and Evaluation, State Coordination Unit, BreastScreen New South Wales, Locked Bag 7118, Parramatta, BC NSW, 2150, Australia.
Morrell
Stephen
S
Page
Andrew
A
Rickard
Mary
M
Brassil
Ann
A
Taylor
Richard
R
D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance