title: Erectile dysfunction is a marker for cardiovascular disease: results of the minority health institute expert advisory panel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease and its related comorbidities are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and affect a disproportionately large number of African Americans and Hispanics. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is increasing worldwide, which underscores the urgency to improve methods of prevention and early detection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a risk assessment and management algorithm for primary care patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) that facilitates diagnosis, early intervention, and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Minority Health Institute (MHI) convened an Expert Advisory Panel of cardiologists and urologists to design a new practice model algorithm that uses ED as a clinical tool for early identification of men with systemic vascular disease. A draft of the algorithm was presented at a national symposium and comments from symposium participants were considered in the development of the final algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erectile dysfunction is common and has long been considered a secondary complication of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, a growing body of evidence challenges this view, suggesting instead that ED is an early manifestation of atherosclerosis and a precursor to systemic vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is the etiologic factor linking ED and cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recognition of ED as an early sign of systemic cardiovascular disease offers an opportunity for prevention, particularly in high-risk and underserved minority populations. The MHI algorithm stipulates that all men 25 years old and older regardless of sexual dysfunction complaints should be asked about ED. The presence of ED should prompt an aggressive assessment for cardiovascular risk and occult systemic vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: The Epicenter for Sexual Health & Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, USA. klbillups@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Billups
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.forename: Harin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Padma-Nathan
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology