title: The relation between narrow-dispersed microcapsules and surfactants.
abstract: Electric ink display is one of the prospect technologies in paper-like display. In this paper, electric ink microcapsules are prepared by means of an in situ polymerization and complex coacervation. In order to obtain the microcapsules in a uniform size distribution, this study focused on the inter-facial tension between tetrachloroethylene and water solution, the dispersion of the core droplets and the microencapsulation with different kind of surfactants. By measuring the inter-facial tensions between water and tetrachloroethylene, it is found that urea-formaldehyde (UF) pre-polymer presents certain surface activity due to the inter-facial tension descending from 43 mN m(-1) to 35 mN m(-1). Because the surface activity of pre-polymer is not valid, the water-soluble emulsifiers can occupy on the surface of the droplets and prevent the UF resin depositing there. The analysis of the size distribution shows that the UF microcapsules are multi-dispersed. Furthermore, the influence of anionic surfactant of SDS on the size distribution of the core droplets is also investigated. The average diameters of the core droplets prepared with 0.005 wt% and 0.012 wt% SDS are approximately 50 microm and 28 microm, respectively. That reveals the existence of SDS not only decreases the droplet diameters, but also makes the size distribution centralized. Because the surface of the core droplets is charged due to the absorption of SDS anionic, the Gelatin and Gum Arabic (GA) coacervating layer is easy to form there. The size of the GA microcapsules prepared with 0.003 wt% SDS is approximately 65 microm. Finally; the responsive behaviour of the microcapsules to electric field is also investigated.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Electrorheological Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000379:methods; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006170:Gum Arabic; D007211:Indoles; D010316:Particle Size; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D013500:Surface Tension; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D014508:Urea; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D007211:Indoles; D011108:Polymers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D005557:Formaldehyde; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C028278:urea formaldehyde foam; D014508:Urea; D006170:Gum Arabic; C505810:phthalocyanine green; D013750:Tetrachloroethylene