title: Safety assessment of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as an ingredient added to cigarette tobacco.
abstract: A tiered testing strategy has been developed to evaluate the potential for new ingredients, tobacco processes, and technological developments to alter the biological activity that results from burning tobacco. A series of studies was initially conducted with cigarettes containing 3% high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as an alternate tobacco casing material to corn syrup/invert sugar, including determination of selected mainstream cigarette smoke (MS) constituent yields, Ames assay, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, a 30-week dermal tumor-promotion evaluation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in SENCAR mice, and a 13-week subchronic inhalation study of MS in Sprague-Dawley rats. A second series of studies was conducted with cigarettes containing 3%, 4% and 5% HFCS including MS chemistry, Ames assay, SCE assay in CHO cells, and a neutral red cytotoxicity assays. Collectively, mainstream smoke chemistry, genotoxicity, dermal tumor-promotion, and inhalation toxicity studies demonstrated no differences between cigarettes with 3% HFCS and cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar. Also, mainstream smoke chemistry and genotoxicity of cigarettes with 4% and 5% HFCS were not different from cigarettes with 3% HFCS. In conclusion, the addition of up to 5% HFCS to cigarette does not alter the mainstream smoke chemistry or biological activity of mainstream smoke or mainstream smoke condensate as compared to cigarettes with 3% corn syrup/invert sugar with regard to the parameters investigated and presented.
authors.affiliation: Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Research and Development, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bowman Gray Technical Center, P.O. Box, Winston-Salem, NC 27102-1487, USA. stavanm@rjrt.com
authors.forename: Mari S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stavanja
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Meckley
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bombick
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Borgerding
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Deborah H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pence
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Swauger
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005632:Fructose / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D018632:Mice, Inbred SENCAR; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis; D012907:Smoking; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D005632:Fructose