title: Feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal vein embolization with Enteryx.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Portal vein embolization (PVE) has been used as a preoperative strategy to induce hepatic lobar atrophy and contralateral lobe hypertrophy. We determined the feasibility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Enteryx (EVAL/ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer) embolization of the portal vein (EUS-PVE) in an animal model as a potential, minimally invasive, endoscopic technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  EUS-guided embolization of the portal vein (EUS-PVE) using Enteryx was performed in a Yorkshire breed swine. Portal pressure measurements were obtained before and after vascular embolization. The animal was carefully monitored for seven days for evidence of abdominal pain, shock, or bleeding. An upper abdominal contrast-CT scan was performed to verify the location of the embolus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PV pressure increased from 3 mmHg at baseline to a mean of 15 mmHg after EUS-PVE. The CT-scan on day 4 demonstrated Enteryx in the main portal vein with extension into the left branch. At sacrifice on day 7, a solid thrombus was visible grossly and histologically inside the main portal vein and the left branch of the portal vein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selective embolization of the portal vein by EUS guidance appears to be feasible and a potential, minimally invasive, preoperative treatment option for patients undergoing extensive hepatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matthes
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahani
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Holalkere
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mino-Kenudson
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Brugge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011169:Portal Vein; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C020320:ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer