title: Intra-arterial thrombolysis for retinal artery occlusion: the Calgary experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal artery occlusion represents a medical emergency with poor prognosis for visual recovery. Spontaneous improvement is estimated to occur in less than 15% of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) cases and conventional treatments have provided only limited benefit. Intra-arterial thrombolysis has been reported as a potentially efficacious and safe treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective chart review of all retinal artery occlusion cases treated with intra-arterial recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) from January 1998 to May 2004. Patients received Goldmann perimetry visual field testing at a variable interval following the procedure (2 days-2.5 years). Visual acuity (VA) was re-assessed in May 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight cases (59-77 years) were treated for CRAO, 6-18 hours post-onset with intra-arterial rtPA (10-20 mg over 15-60 minutes); one case of branch occlusion (BRAO) was treated with 30 mg rtPA over 75 minutes, 12 hours post-onset. Among the six patients with CRAO assessed in clinic, three experienced improvement in VA by two or more gradations (Snellen lines); three improved by one gradation. However, none achieved a final VA better than 20/300. The case of branch occlusion improved to a VA of 20/20. All patients had residual monocular field defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings reveal a limited benefit for intra-arterial tPA compared to the rate of spontaneous improvement and conventional forms of therapy for retinal artery occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pettersen
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Demchuk
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Morrish
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hudon
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Buchan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator