title: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma: an underdiagnosed entity.
abstract: Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors are rare. We report a case of a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver with a review of the literature. In earlier reports, all of these tumors were named hepatic carcinoids. We now recognize that they belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, with microscopic appearance not necessarily predictive of biologic behavior. To our knowledge, only 55 cases have been reported in the English literature. This entity has probably been underreported because of the assumption that it represents a metastatic lesion. A search for an occult primary neuroendocrine tumor outside the liver must always be pursued.
authors.affiliation: Arkadi M. Rywlin MD Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA.
authors.forename: Raymund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dala
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shoosmith
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lilenbaum
authors.forename: Beria
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cabello-Inchausti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor