title: Tec kinases Itk and Rlk are required for CD8+ T cell responses to virus infection independent of their role in CD4+ T cell help.
abstract: Itk and Rlk are members of the Tec kinase family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases that are expressed in T cells, NK cells, and mast cells. These proteins are involved in the regulation of signaling processes downstream of the TCR in CD4(+) T cells, particularly in the phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma1 after TCR activation; furthermore, both Itk and Rlk are important in CD4(+) T cell development, differentiation, function, and homeostasis. However, few studies have addressed the roles of these kinases in CD8(+) T cell signaling and function. Using Itk(-/-) and Itk(-/-)Rlk(-/-) mice, we examined the roles of these Tec family kinases in CD8(+) T cells, both in vitro and in vivo. These studies demonstrate that the loss of Itk and Rlk impairs TCR-dependent signaling, causing defects in phospholipase C-gamma1, p38, and ERK activation as well as defects in calcium flux and cytokine production in vitro and expansion and effector cytokine production by CD8(+) T cells in response to viral infection. These defects cannot be rescued by providing virus-specific CD4(+) T cell help, thereby substantiating the important role of Tec kinases in CD8(+) T cell signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Luana O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Atherly
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.forename: Raymond M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Leslie J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008216:Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D008217:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C089848:Tec protein-tyrosine kinase; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C080813:emt protein-tyrosine kinase