title: Use of nonprescription medications for perceived cardiovascular health.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonprescription products (over-the-counter drugs; vitamins/minerals; and nonvitamin, nonmineral supplements) are promoted or advertised for cardiovascular health. The extent of nonprescription products used specifically for perceived cardiovascular health (NONRX-CVH) is unknown. This study aimed to (1) determine prevalence and types of nonprescription medications used for NONRX-CVH, (2) compare the demographics of NONRX-CVH users to persons using nonprescription medications in general, and (3) determine the prevalence of use of NONRX-CVH among those taking a prescription medication for a cardiovascular reason.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey comprised the probability sample of 3128 adults in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area in the 2000-2002 Minnesota Heart Survey. Trained interviewers collected medication information from participants using a structured medication inventory approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis in 2005 shows that 10% of participants (n=315) self-reported taking one or more nonprescription medications in the past 2 weeks for a perceived cardiovascular health purpose. Among these individuals, prevalence of use of vitamin/mineral supplements, nonvitamin/nonmineral supplements, and over-the-counter products for a cardiovascular purpose was 37.5%, 21.3%, and 54.6%, respectively. Popular NONRX-CVHs were aspirin (52.1%), vitamin E (24.4%), garlic (9.8%), and omega-3/fish oils/fatty acids (3.8%). NONRX-CVH users were older than general nonprescription users (p<0.001). Of 613 people using a prescription drug for cardiovascular reasons, 135 (22%) reported using one or more NONRX-CVH medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of NONRX-CVHs, especially aspirin, vitamin E, and herbals, is common, and older patients may use aspirin or dietary supplements for this purpose. Physicians having patients with cardiovascular disease should ask about nonprescription medication usage, as some NONRX-CVHs may be inappropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Health Systems, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. artzx001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Margaret B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Artz
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Harnack
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Arnett
authors.forename: Russell V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Luepker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012651:Self Medication / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014505:Urban Population; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D028321:Plant Preparations; D014815:Vitamins; D001241:Aspirin