title: Combined chemoradiotherapy for isolated local recurrence after primary resection of pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary resectability is expected in up to 20% of pancreatic cancer patients. While most patients relapse with distant metastases, approximately 30% of patients show isolated local recurrence without evidence of distant metastases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present analysis investigates the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in this particular patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen consecutive pancreatic cancer patients presenting with isolated locoregional recurrence after surgical resection. The median interval between primary surgery and diagnosis of local recurrence was 10.4 months (range: 2.0-19.3 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received 3-D conformal radiation with 45 Gy in 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy/day. Simultaneous chemotherapy was employed either with continuous 5-FU infusion, partly in combination with gemcitabine, or with gemcitabine and cisplatin. Sequential chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin was given to some patients before and after the chemoradiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 17 of the 18 patients included, radiotherapy was employed at the intended dose. While WHO grade 3-4 gastrointestinal toxicity was not reported, hematotoxicity was more pronounced. Grades 3 and 4 leukocytopenia occurred in 4 patients (22.2%) and 1 (5.6%) patient, respectively, and grades 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 4 patients (22.2%) and 1 patient(5.6%), respectively. Six (37.5%) complete remissions, 6 (37.5%) partial remissions, and 4 (25.0%) stable diseases were noted in 16 evaluable patients. Median progression-free survival calculated from the start of the chemoradiotherapy was 14.7 months (range: 8.4-21.0 months) . Seven (28.9%) patients had another local relapse, while 11 (61.1%) patients developed distant metastases. Median overall survival from the start of the chemoradiotherapy was 17.5 months (95% CI: 15.6-19.4 months) and median survival from the initial diagnosis was 27.2 months (95% CI: 23.9-30.6 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data provide a first indication that chemoradiotherapy is feasible and may be an effective treatment option in those patients who present with local metastasis after primary surgery for pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Radiation Oncology, LMU University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilkowski
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dühmke
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Heinemann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000601:surgery; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D000093542:Gemcitabine