title: Neonatal treatment with a competitive NMDA antagonist results in response-specific disruption of conditioned fear in preweanling rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor has been implicated in processes of neurodevelopment, including cell proliferation, synaptogenesis, and apoptosis. Several studies have reported that administration of NMDA antagonists early in development can cause long-lasting changes in behavior. For example, Gould and Cameron [Behav Neurosci 111:49-56 (1997a)] have shown that a single injection of the competitive NMDA antagonist CGP 43487 on postnatal day (PD) 5 affected behavioral immobility in young rats exposed to the odor of a natural predator.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This experiment was undertaken to determine whether the behavioral effects previously reported would also be seen with conditioned cues. Both stimulus-elicited behavioral immobility (freezing) and changes in heart rate were recorded to examine impairments in responding across multiple measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were given a single injection of 0, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg CGP 43487 on PD 5. On PD 20 subjects were given paired or unpaired presentations of either an olfactory or auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) with a 110-dB-white-noise unconditioned stimulus. CS-elicited freezing and changes in heart rate were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pups treated with CGP exhibited impairments in conditioned freezing, but were unaffected in their expression of conditioned changes in heart rate, to both olfactory and auditory stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that neonatal treatment with an NMDA antagonist affects the expression of fear in a response-specific manner. The data suggest that antagonist-induced alterations in neural systems involved in the expression of freezing are affected by NMDA receptor blockade early in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA. pshunt@wm.edu
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C087755:CGP 43487; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate