title: Quantitative assessment of nasal changes after maxillomandibular surgery using a 3-dimensional digital imaging system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate nasal changes after maxillomandibular surgery by means of images taken with a 3-dimensional digital camera.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients (26 female and 6 male) with preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional photographs were studied. The patients underwent maxillary movement with impaction (upward rotation), maxillary movement with lengthening (downward rotation), or maxillary movement without rotation. With the 3-dimensional imaging software, preoperative and postoperative calculations were performed for interalar width, internostril width, nasal tip projection, and columellar length from the 3-dimensional digital images. The nasolabial angle was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative interalar and internostril widening was significant (P<.05) for all 3 categories of maxillary movement. However, there was no statistically significant change in nasal tip projection and columellar length. Interestingly, movement of the maxilla with upward rotation did show a statistically significant decrease in the nasolabial angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes to the nose clearly occur after orthognathic surgery. There was a statistically significant increase in postoperative interalar width and internostril width with maxillary movement. However, no clear correlation could be determined between amount of change and maxillary movement. Interestingly, maxillary advancement did not show any significant change in nasal tip projection or columellar length, with data showing both increases and decreases in measurements. The nasolabial angle in patients who underwent maxillary advancement with impaction (upward rotation) was the only measurement that showed a statistically significant increase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, USA. carlohonrado@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Carlo P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Honrado
authors.forename: Samson
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dale S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bloomquist
authors.forename: Wayne F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Larrabee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000601:surgery*; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology*; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort / Q000009:adverse effects; D010781:Photography; D012984:Software