title: Optical coherence tomography to identify intramucosal carcinoma and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical technique that produces high-resolution images of the esophagus during endoscopy. OCT can distinguish specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) from squamous mucosa, but image criteria for differentiating intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) from low-grade dysplasia (LGD), indeterminate-grade dysplasia (IGD), and SIM without dysplasia have not been validated. The purpose of this study was to establish OCT image characteristics of IMC and HGD in Barrett's esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy-correlated OCT images were acquired from patients with Barrett's esophagus undergoing endoscopic surveillance. Two pathologists rendered consensus diagnoses of the biopsy specimens. A blinded investigator reviewed the biopsy-correlated OCT images and scored each for surface maturation and gland architecture. For each image the scores were summed to determine an OCT "dysplasia index."
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 177 biopsy-correlated images were analyzed. The corresponding histopathology diagnosis was IMC/HGD in 49 cases, LGD in 15, IGD in 8, SIM in 100, and gastric mucosa in 5. A significant relationship was found between a histopathologic diagnosis of IMC/HGD and scores for each image feature (dysplasia index [Spearman correlation coefficient, r = 0.50, P < .0001], surface maturation [r = 0.48, P < .0001], and gland architecture [r = 0.41, P < .0001]). When a dysplasia index threshold of >or=2 was used, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing IMC/HGD were 83% and 75%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An OCT image scoring system based on histopathologic characteristics has the potential to identify IMC and HGD in Barrett's esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. gtearney@partners.org
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Poneros
authors.forename: Brett E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bressner
authors.forename: Elkan F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Milen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shishkov
authors.forename: Gregory Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lauwers
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mino-Kenudson
authors.forename: Norman S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Nishioka
authors.forename: Guillermo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tearney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence