Preliminary evidence for persistent abnormalities in amygdala volumes in adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder.
OBJECTIVE
Abnormalities in volumes of the amygdala have been reported previously in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder (BD). Several studies have reported reduced volumes in adolescents with BD; however, both decreases and increases in volumes have been reported in adults with BD. Understanding of potential developmental contributions to these disturbances in morphology of the amygdala has been limited by the absence of longitudinal data in persons with BD. Here we use a within-subject longitudinal design to investigate whether amygdala volume abnormalities persist in adolescents and young adults with BD over a time interval of approximately 2 years.


METHODS
Participants included 18 adolescents and young adults: 10 participants with BD I and 8 healthy comparison participants. Amygdala volumes were measured on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scans acquired twice for each subject over intervals of approximately 2 years. Amygdala volumes were the dependent measures in a mixed-model statistical analysis to compare amygdala volumes between groups over time while covarying for total brain volume.


RESULTS
Amygdala volumes were significantly smaller in adolescents and young adults with BD compared with healthy participants (p = 0.018). The effect of time was not significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the sample size is modest, this study provides preliminary evidence to support the presence of decreased amygdala volumes in adolescents and young adults with BD that persist during this developmental epoch.
Blumberg
Hilary P
HP
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. hilary.blumberg@yale.edu
Fredericks
Carolyn
C
Wang
Fei
F
Kalmar
Jessica H
JH
Spencer
Linda
L
Papademetris
Xenophon
X
Pittman
Brian
B
Martin
Andres
A
Peterson
Bradley S
BS
Fulbright
Robert K
RK
Krystal
John H
JH
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male