title: Functional heterogeneity of colony-stimulating factor-induced human monocyte-derived macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Macrophages (Mphis) have various functions and play a critical role in host defense and the maintenance of homeostasis. Mphis exist in every tissue in the body, but Mphis from different tissues exhibit a wide range of phenotypes with regard to their morphology, cell surface antigen expression and function, and are called by different names. However, the precise mechanism of the generation of macrophage heterogeneity is not known. In the present study, the authors examined the functional heterogeneity of Mphis generated from human monocytes under the influence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage-CSF (M-CSF).
  
  
  METHODS
  CD14 positive human monocytes (Mos) were incubated with M-CSF and GM-CSF for 6-7 days to stimulate the generation of M-CSF-induced monocyte-derived Mphis (M-Mphis) and GM-CSF-induced monocyte-derived Mphis (GM-Mphis), respectively. The expression of cell surface antigens and several functions such as antigen presenting cell activity, susceptibility to oxidant stress, and the susceptibility to HIV-1 and mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GM-Mphis and M-Mphis are distinct in their morphology, cell surface antigen expression, and functions examined. The phenotype of GM-Mphis closely resembles that of human Alveolar-Mphis (A-Mphis), indicating that CSF-induced human monocyte-derived Mphis are useful to clarify the molecular mechanism of heterogeneity of human Mphis, and GM-Mphis will become a model of human A-Mphis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Tokyo, Japan. akagawak@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Kiyoko S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Akagawa
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochida
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kishi
mesh_terms: D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002374:Catalase