title: Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions--systematic literature survey of follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether anecdotal reports of suspected adverse drug reactions are valuable early warning signals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic literature survey
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated all case reports of adverse drug reactions published in 1997 in five medical journals. Reports were excluded if the adverse reaction had previously been described in earlier publications and was already listed in the product information of the drug reference source (the British National Formulary (BNF) or the Medicines Compendium). We used the Web of Knowledge Citation Index and Medline for 2003 to identify follow-up studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary: the number of suspected adverse reactions subjected to formal validation studies and the findings of these studies. Secondary: the number of instances in which the warning from the case report was incorporated into the product information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 63 suspected adverse reactions and found that most (52/63, 83%) had not yet been subjected to further detailed evaluation. Data from controlled studies that supported the postulated link between the drug and the adverse event were available in only three cases. Of the 48 agents listed in the drug reference sources, details of the suspected reaction were subsequently added to the Medicines Compendium in 15 instances, and to the BNF in seven instances. In each case, only one reaction had been confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Published case reports of suspected adverse reactions are of limited value as suspicions are seldom subjected to confirmatory investigation. Furthermore, these alerts are not incorporated into drug reference sources in a systematic manner.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Health Policy, and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ. y.loke@uea.ac.uk
authors.forename: Yoon Kong
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Loke
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Sheena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derry
authors.forename: Jeffrey K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Aronson
mesh_terms: D000739:Anecdotes as Topic; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records; D015203:Reproducibility of Results