title: What is the effect of overactive bladder symptoms on woman's quality of life during and after first pregnancy?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of overactive bladder symptoms (OAB) on women's quality of life (QoL) during and after the first pregnancy, using self-reported symptom-based QoL questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study, 474 women were asked to complete four self-reported questionnaires. Urogenital symptoms were assessed with the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). A women was considered to experience 'dry' OAB if she replied positively to the following two questions: 'do you experience a strong feeling of urgency to empty your bladder?'; and 'do you experience frequent urination?'. A women was considered to experience 'wet' OAB if she replied positively to all of the following questions: 'do you experience a strong feeling of urgency to empty your bladder?'; 'do you experience frequent urination?'; and 'do you experience urine leakage related to the feeling of urgency?'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 344 (72.6%) women who returned all four questionnaires were included in the analysis. After first childbirth there was a rapid decline in the prevalence of dry OAB (45.2% to 7.9%, P < 0.001). In pregnancy the prevalence of wet OAB increased significantly, but a year after childbirth the prevalence of wet OAB decreased and was similar to that at 12 weeks of gestation (P = 0.289). Women with wet OAB had higher scores on all IIQ domains than those with no OAB symptoms at 36 weeks of gestation. Women with dry or wet OAB all had higher scores on the mobility domain than those with no OAB. The scores on the physical, social and emotional functioning domains were low, suggesting a minimal restriction of lifestyle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OAB symptoms are common during pregnancy; dry OAB had no negative effect on QoL, whereas wet OAB compromised QoL both during and after pregnancy, mainly in the 'mobility' and 'embarrassment' domains. The urge urinary incontinence symptom in wet OAB seems to profoundly compromise QoL. Apparently, in young mothers with wet OAB, limitations in mobility are especially stressful and these symptoms can be embarrassing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands. hbrummen@zonnet.nl
authors.forename: Henriette Jorien
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Van Brummen
authors.forename: Hein W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Bruinse
authors.forename: Geerte
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van de Pol
authors.forename: A Peter M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Heintz
authors.forename: C Huub
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Van der Vaart
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D016387:Women's Health