title: Breast feeding is related to C reactive protein concentration in adult women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of infant breast feeding on C reactive protein (CRP), a marker of low grade inflammation associated with cardiovascular mortality independent of serum cholesterol concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum CRP, total cholesterol, anthropometric, and blood pressure measurements were performed along with assessment of infant breast feeding duration, birth weight, smoking status, adult socioeconomic status, number of health problems, and hormonal contraceptive use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A New Zealand predominantly European descent community birth cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  822 men and women aged 26 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant linear relation (p<0.001) between duration of breast feeding and adult CRP level in women. The geometric means (IQR) for CRP were 2.22 (1, 4) mg/l for women breast fed for six months or more and 3.95 (2, 8) mg/l for women not breast fed (ratio, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69 (0.55 to 0.87). The linear association between cholesterol and breast feeding was also significant (p = 0.01), the geometric mean (IQR) total cholesterol levels being 4.62 (4.10, 5.10) for those breast fed for six months or more and 5.04 (4.5, 5.80) for those not breast fed (ratio, 95% CI: 0.92 (0.87, 0.98). There was no relation between CRP or total cholesterol and duration of breast feeding in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of lower CRP with an increased duration of breast feeding in women suggest early postnatal nutrition may influence long term cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Otago, 201 Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand. michael.williams@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: M J A
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012923:Social Class; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol