Skeletal consequences of hormone therapy discontinuance: a systematic review.
Although hormone therapy protects against bone loss after menopause, currently it is not recommended once menopausal symptoms have subsided. We reviewed randomized clinical trials to quantify bone loss after stopping hormone therapy and summarize treatment options for women who discontinue hormone treatment. We conducted a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized, controlled trials measuring bone mineral density (BMD) after hormone therapy discontinuation. Other known published and unpublished data were also included. Eleven studies fulfilled the search criteria. In each, bone loss was rapid after stopping hormone therapy, with BMD declines ranging from 2.3% to 6.2% in the first year. Increases in bone turnover markers also occurred rapidly when hormone therapy was stopped. Limited data addressing treatment after hormone therapy is stopped exist; only 2 studies specifically evaluated therapy to protect bone after hormone discontinuation. Taken together, these 2 studies demonstrate that alendronate produced significant increases relative to placebo in spine, hip, and total body BMD in women with low bone density who had discontinued hormone therapy within the past 3 months, preventing the rapid bone loss seen on discontinuation of hormone therapy. Among treatment options for preventing bone loss on discontinuation of hormone therapy for which randomized clinical trial data are available, alendronate prevented bone loss or increased bone density in postmenopausal women with low bone density. Women who are discontinuing hormone therapy should be counseled about potential bone loss and effective treatment options.


BACKGROUND
Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians.


OBJECTIVE
After completion of this article, the reader should be able to state that discontinuation of replacement menopausal hormone therapy, which protects against bone loss, is not recommended after menopause symptoms have subsided; recall that it may accelerate bone loss; and explain that there is bone loss preventive treatment for women after discontinuation of hormone therapy.
Simon
James A
JA
Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University, 1850 M. Street, Ste. 450, Washington, DC 20036, USA. jasimon@whrc.net
Wehren
Lois E
LE
Ascott-Evans
Brynne H
BH
Omizo
Molly K N
MK
Silfen
Sheryl L
SL
Lombardi
Antonio
A
D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013131:Spine / Q000187:drug effects
D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents