title: The effects of thermocycling on the flexural strength and flexural modulus of modern resin-based filling materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of flexural strengths and flexural moduli of hybrids, packables, ormocers, compomers and flowables prior to, and after, thermocycling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty specimens, size (25 +/- 2) mm x (2 +/- 0.1) mm x (2+/-0.1) mm, of Herculite (HE), Point 4 (P4), TetricCeram (TC), Miris (MI), TetricCeram HB, (HB), Solitaire 2 (SO), Surefil A (SU), Definte (DE), Admira (AD), Dyract AP (DY), Compoglass (CO) and TetricFlow (TF) were made according to ISO 4049. A three-point-bending test was carried out for the first 10 specimens after 24 h water storage at 37 degrees C and for the second 10 specimens after 30-day water storage at 37 degrees C, followed by 5000 thermocycles between +5 and +55 degrees C. For each test series flexural strengths and flexural moduli were calculated. Statistical significance was p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flexural strengths of DY and CO missed the 80 MPa limit of ISO 4049 for occlusal fillings prior to and after thermocycling. AD missed it after thermocycling. HE, P4, TC, MI, HB, SO, SU, DE and TF did not significantly differ prior to and after thermocycling. Flexural strength of SO and AD significantly decreased after thermocycling. No change of the flexural moduli could be observed for any of the test materials. Only SU exceeded 10,000 MPa prior to and after thermocycling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only DY and CO missed the flexural strength limit of ISO 4049 for occlusal fillings. Only SU exceeded a flexural modulus of 10,000 MPa prior to and after thermocycling.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Dentistry, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janda
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Roulet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Latta
authors.forename: St
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rüttermann
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004548:Elasticity; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D018583:Pliability; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins