title: Use of an Italian version of the telephone interview for cognitive status in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Validation of an Italian version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (I-TICS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone administration of the I-TICS within 6 weeks of face-to-face testing with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), in Probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy controls. Two hundred and seven consecutive outpatients with cognitive impairment were recruited from Dementia Clinic of University Campus BioMedico. Of these, 45 probable AD patients with complete data were analyzed. Other dementias, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and patients with incomplete data were excluded. The control sample consisted of 64 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. For diagnosis, an extensive clinical evaluation, laboratory testing, brain imaging, EEG, neuropsychological battery and a depression scale were used. For I-TICS validation, telephone I-TICS and face-to-face MMSE were administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The I-TICS correlated highly and linearly with the MMSE (Pearson's r=0.904). Conversion equations are provided. Sensitivity and specificity were similar between tests (area under curve=0.894 for the I-TICS; 0.966 for the MMSE). I-TICS sensitivity was 84% and specificity 86% at a cut-off score of 28. No significant difference in accuracy with the MMSE was present. Total agreement between I-TICS and MMSE was 'substantial' at 86% (Cohen's K=0.717). Repeated testing in a subset of patients showed a disease progression related decrease of 4.2 points/year (t=2.664; p=0.018) in I-TICS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The I-TICS is a valid instrument in clinical and research screening and monitoring of AD. Potential applications in other dementias and MCI are worth further studies.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurology, University Campus BioMedico, Rome, Italy. g.dalforno@unicampus.it
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dal Forno
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiovenda
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bressi
authors.forename: Florinda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreri
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Paolo Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasqualetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results