title: Stigma about depression and its impact on help-seeking intentions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research has shown that people are reluctant to seek professional help for depression, especially from mental health professionals. This may be because of the impact of stigma which can involve people's own responses to depression and help-seeking (self stigma) as well as their perceptions of others' negative responses (perceived stigma). The aim of this article was to examine community help-seeking intentions and stigmatizing beliefs associated with depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,312 adults randomly sampled from the Australian community completed a questionnaire providing a depression vignette and measures of self- and perceived-stigmatizing responses, source-specific help-seeking intentions, current depressive symptoms and depression experience, and demographics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many people reported they would feel embarrassed about seeking help from professionals, and believed that other people would have a negative reaction to them if they sought such help. Some expected professionals to respond negatively to them. Responses varied according to the sources of professional help. Self-embarrassment and expectations that others would respond negatively predicted the likelihood of help-seeking from professional sources.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self- and perceived-stigmatizing responses to help-seeking for depression are prevalent in the community and are associated with reluctance to seek professional help. Interventions should focus on minimizing expectations of negative responses from others and negative self-responses to help-seeking, and should target younger people.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. lisa.barney@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Barney
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jorm
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires