title: The halotolerant fungus Glomerobolus gelineus is a member of the Ostropales.
abstract: Glomerobolus gelineus is a halotolerant species with a unique method of ballistic propagation. The absence of both sexual and asexual spores made reliable placement of this species, based on morphology alone, within the current fungal classification problematical. A phylogenetic analysis of the large and small nuclear ribosomal subunit and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II placed this fungus within the Ostropales, an order comprising lichenized and saprobic species, with good statistical support. Subsequently, a more detailed analysis that combined the nuc LSU rDNA and the mt SSU rDNA confirmed a close relationship to the Stictidaceae. The phylogenetic placement of G. gelineus is also supported by morphological characters. We postulate that the hyphoma lobes of Glomerobolus correspond to the periphysoidal layer in the apothecium of Stictis, and the propagule to the hymenium. Moreover, the presence of crystals in the outer lobes of G. gelineus is another indication of its relationship with Ostropales, which have characteristic crystalliferous hyphae. The placement of Glomerobolus within the Ostropales further expands the ecological diversity exhibited by this order. It also provides a phylogenetic hypothesis for assessing the homology of the enigmatic hyphomal morphology with apothecia-forming Ascomycota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, University of Oregon State, Corvallis, 97333, USA. schochc@science.oregonstate.edu
authors.forename: Conrad L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schoch
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohlmeyer
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Volkmann-Kohlmeyer
authors.forename: Clement K M
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Spatafora
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny