title: Survival of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala after long-term storage in liquid formulations at different temperatures, assessed by flow cytometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the survival of liquid formulations of the biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala J121 at different temperatures, and develop a system for comparative studies of different storage conditions and formulations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival of P. anomala in liquid formulations with lactose, starch and trehalose amendments was measured during prolonged storage at temperatures ranging from -20 to +30 degrees C. The relative survival of the stored cells was rapidly estimated by flow cytometry. After 4 weeks incubation at 4 and 10 degrees C, 75-90% of the cells were viable, with no significant differences between the various formulations. Supplementing the storage buffer with lactose or trehalose increased the survival after longer incubations (8 and 12 weeks) at all temperatures (-20 to 30 degrees C). Trehalose was the most effective protectant at 20 and 30 degrees C (>20% viable cells after 12 weeks at 20 degrees C). The biocontrol activity was maintained after formulation and prolonged storage of P. anomala.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The storage potential of liquid formulated P. anomala cells can be increased by supplementation with lactose or trehalose. The combination of a custom made incubation chamber and flow cytometry was suitable to evaluate stability of P. anomala formulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liquid formulated P. anomala have a long shelf life. The developed test system can be used to study different formulations of other biocontrol agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. Petter.Melin@mikrob.slu.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Håkansson
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Eberhard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schnürer
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods; D002523:Edible Grain; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D007785:Lactose / Q000494:pharmacology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010843:Pichia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D013213:Starch / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014199:Trehalose / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D013213:Starch; D014199:Trehalose; D007785:Lactose