title: First-trimester maternal serum levels of placental hormones are independent predictors of second-trimester fetal growth parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether first-trimester maternal serum levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (fbeta-hCG) are independent predictors of second-trimester fetal growth parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cohort study over a 1-year period involving 594 Chinese women who underwent both first-trimester combined screening for Down syndrome and a routine second-trimester ultrasound examination. Maternal PAPP-A and fbeta-hCG levels (expressed in log(10) of multiples of median (MoM)), crown-rump length (CRL) (expressed in standardized Z-score (Z-CRL)), and maternal height and weight, were correlated with the Z-score of biparietal diameter (Z-BPD), femur length (Z-FL) and abdominal circumference (Z-AC) measured in the second trimester, using the Pearson test, followed by multiple regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Z-BPD, Z-FL and Z-AC were positively correlated with log(10) PAPP-A MoM, CRL and maternal height (all P < 0.05), while log(10) fbeta-hCG MoM was negatively correlated with Z-AC (P < 0.05). After controlling for the effects of CRL, maternal height and weight, log(10) PAPP-A MoM was found to be an independent positive predictor of Z-FL (r = 0.797, P < 0.001) and Z-AC (r = 0.305, P = 0.049), and log(10) fbeta-hCG MoM was an independent negative predictor of Z-FL (r = -0.381, P = 0.023) and Z-AC (r = -0.418, P = 0.002). Neither hormonal level was related to Z-BPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First-trimester PAPP-A and fbeta-hCG are independent factors that influence subsequent fetal growth. PAPP-A level is positively correlated with FL and AC in the second trimester, while fbeta-hCG level is negatively correlated with them. However, BPD is not affected by either of the hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China SAR. tyleung@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sahota
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A