title: Influence of sex hormone disturbances on the internal structure of the mandible in newborn mice.
abstract: It has not yet been clarified how sex hormones affect craniofacial bone development immediately after birth. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sex hormone deficiency on craniofacial bone development immediately after birth, in terms of the internal structure of the mandible in newborn mice with orchiectomy (ORX) and ovariectomy (OVX). ORX, OVX and a sham-operation were performed on 40 five-day-old C57BL/6J mice. Eight weeks after surgery, each mandible was subjected to histomorphometric analysis of trabecular (Tr) and cortical (Ct) bone mineral density (BMD) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). In the experimental groups, a significant reduction in BMD was found in comparison with the control groups. In histomorphometric analysis, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells in the condyle and the thickness of the condylar cartilage layer was significantly greater in the experimental mice than in the controls. Trabecular bone volume of the condyle measured on azocarmine-aniline blue (AZAN) sections was significantly less in the experimental mice than in the controls. These results indicate that mandibular growth is inhibited by sex hormone disturbances and the relevant internal structures changed. The findings show that sex hormones are one of the key determinants of mandibular growth and development immediately after birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan. seven@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shigekawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motokawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tohma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanne
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D013739:Testosterone / Q000172:deficiency*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004967:Estrogens; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013739:Testosterone; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C000605511:Acp5 protein, mouse; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase