title: Ano-rectal motility responses to pelvic, hypogastric and pudendal nerve stimulation in the Göttingen minipig.
abstract: We investigated the effect of efferent stimulation of the pelvic (PN), hypogastric (HGN) and pudendal (PuN) nerves on ano-rectal motility in Göttingen minipigs using an impedance planimetry probe. Changes in the rectal cross-sectional area (CSA) at five axial positions and pressures in the rectum and anal canal were investigated simultaneously. Pelvic nerve stimulation elicited a CSA decrease in the proximal part of the rectum and a simultaneous CSA increase in its distal part. Anal pressure also decreased. Hypogastric nerve and PuN stimulation elicited an increase in anal pressure, but no rectal response. Severing the HGN produced a persistent reduction in resting anal pressure, but no change was observed when the PN and the PuN were severed. Stimulation of the distal part of all three nerves produced a persistent response. Administration of phentolamine and pancouronium eliminated the response to stimulation of the HGN and the PuN, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rectal responses to PN stimulation vary more than previously suggested. The HGN has an excitatory effect on the internal anal sphincter, and the PuN on the external anal sphincter. However, the PuN plays no major role in maintaining basal anal pressure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Clinical Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. inge.scheel@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buntzen
authors.forename: N J M
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rijkhoff
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dalmose
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Djurhuus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurberg
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D007001:Hypogastric Plexus; D012007:Rectum / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature