title: Activated protein C resistance -- in the absence of factor V Leiden -- and pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activated protein C (APC) resistance with or without factor V Leiden (FVL) is a major risk factor for venous thromboembolism. Many previous pregnancy studies have been focused on APC resistance caused by FVL. Very few have investigated APC resistance in the absence of FVL (APCR(FVL-)).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study of 2480 unselected gravidae, blood was drawn in early pregnancy (mean = 12 weeks of gestation). APC resistance was analyzed by an APTT-based method (Coatest) APC-resistance) and the presence of FVL was determined by PCR. The APCR(FVL-) group had similar mean APC resistance ratio as the heterozygous carriers of FVL. The analyses were carried out no earlier than 3 months after delivery when all data were recorded. Small-for-gestational age (SGA) was used as a proxy for intrauterine growth restriction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the control group, women with APCR(FVL-) had no increased risk of SGA, pre-eclampsia, first trimester fetal loss or venous thromboembolism. However, they had an increased risk of second trimester fetal loss (7.3% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.01), and a tendency of being overweight (17.3% vs. 12.6%, P = 0.19) and of delivering extremely preterm (2.8% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with APC resistance not caused by FVL were not at increased risk for SGA, pre-eclampsia, first trimester fetal loss, or abnormal blood loss. However, they showed an increased prevalence of second trimester fetal loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Malmo University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden. pelle.lindqvist@med.lu.se
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlbäck
mesh_terms: D020016:Activated Protein C Resistance / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V