title: A new method for the 3D measurement of postoperative swelling following orthognathic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a new method for measuring facial swelling following orthognathic surgery using a 3D laser-scanning device.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical trial. Setting and Sample Population -- University Dental Hospital, Wales College of Medicine, Biology Life and Health Sciences. Three subjects requiring bi-maxillary orthognathic surgery were recruited for the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laser-scanned images of the subjects were obtained under a reproducible and controlled environment with two Minolta Vivid 900 (Osaka, Japan) optical laser-scanning devices assembled as a stereo-pair. A set of left and right scanned images was taken for each subject and each scan took an average of 2.5 s. 3D laser scans were recorded over six time periods (T1 -- pre-surgical scan, postoperatively: T2 -- 1 day, T3 -- 1 week, T4 -- 1 month, T5 -- 3 months and T6 -- 6 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Facial scans from different time periods were overlaid onto the baseline (T6) facial scan to determine the reduction and changes in swelling following orthognathic surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that swelling could be accurately quantified following surgery. Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in the amount of swelling 1 month postoperatively. Furthermore, the facial morphology returned to approximately 90% of the baseline facial scan at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D laser-scanning device and the method described was a reliable and accurate measure of facial swelling following surgery.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health and Biological Sciences, Wales College of Medicine, Biology, Life and Health Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. kauc@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durning
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Zhurov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sandham
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richmond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D003907:Dexamethasone