title: Botulinum toxin therapy of hemifacial spasm: comparing different therapeutic preparations.
abstract: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary irregular clonic or tonic movements of the muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII on one side of the face, and is most often a result of vascular compression of the facial nerve at the root exit zone (Muscle and Nerve 1998;21:1740). Disability associated with this disorder ranges from social embarrassment to interference with vision resulting from involuntary eye closure. Treatment of HFS most often involves botulinum toxin injections, but may also include medications and surgery. We describe treatment with the three types of botulinum toxin currently commercially available--Botox, Dysport and Myobloc/NeuroBloc.
authors.affiliation: The Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Institute, Fountain Valley, CA 97208, USA. kfrei@pmdi.org
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dressler
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000187:drug effects; D007839:Functional Laterality; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; C096323:rimabotulinumtoxinB; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A