title: Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics and ecogenetics.
abstract: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics deal with the role of genetic factors in drug effectiveness and adverse drug reactions. The promise of a personalized medicine is beginning to be explored but requires much more clinical and translational research. Specific DNA abnormalities in some cancers already have led to effective targeted treatments. Racially determined frequency differences in pharmacogenetic traits may affect choice of treatment requiring specific testing rather than basing treatments according to racial designation. The role of genes in variable responses to foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) has been termed ecogenetics or toxicogenetics raising problems in public health and occupational medicine. Nutrigenetics refers to genetic variation in response to nutrients and may affect nutritional requirements and predisposition to chronic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Medical Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. agmot@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Arno G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Motulsky
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004463:Ecology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D015262:Xenobiotics
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D015262:Xenobiotics; D004247:DNA