title: Evaluation of the interaction mechanisms between red muds and heavy metals.
abstract: This paper investigated the heavy metal adsorption of non-treated (RM(nt)) and acid-treated red muds (RM(a)), bauxite ore processing waste, in order to evaluate how efficient they are in reducing metal solubility and bioavaliability in polluted soils. Red mud samples were artificially polluted with solutions containing increasing concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn. Cancrinite and hematite were the main phases of the red muds, and were also the components which adsorbed most heavy metals. The results showed that the RM(nt) adsorption capacity for the three heavy metals was Zn> or =Pb>Cd. Acid treatment with HCl decreased the red mud's capacity to adsorb the heavy metals by 30%. In order to study the different heavy metal-RM interaction mechanisms, all samples after artificial contamination were treated with solutions with gradually increasing extraction capacity. H(2)O and Ca(NO(3))(2) treatments only extracted very low concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn, while EDTA treatment extracted the most adsorbed heavy metals from the sorbent particles. In particular the water-soluble and exchangeable metal fractions were higher in the RM(a) than they were in the RM(nt), while the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn extracted with EDTA were lower. The results showed that red muds can be used successfully to reduce the solubility and bioavailability of heavy metals in polluted soils.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Agrarie e Biotecnologie Agro Alimentari, Sez., Chimica Agraria ed Ambientale, Università di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santona
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castaldi
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melis
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D012995:Solubility; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil