title: Prediction of coronary heart disease by erectile dysfunction in men referred for nuclear stress testing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests a strong link between erectile dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (MPS) is a widely used noninvasive imaging modality that allows diagnosis of coronary heart disease and stratification of cardiovascular risk. We sought to determine the relationship between ED and coronary heart disease in men referred for MPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 221 men referred for MPS were prospectively screened for ED with a validated questionnaire. Patient characteristics, MPS findings, and exercise results were correlated with ED.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Erectile dysfunction was present in 54.8% of the patients. Patients with ED exhibited more severe coronary heart disease (MPS summed stress score >8) (43.0% vs 17.0%; P<.001) and left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) (24.0% vs 11.0%; P=.01) than those without ED. Erectile dysfunction was associated with a shorter exercise time (8.0 vs 10.1 minutes; P<.001) and lower Duke treadmill score (4.4 vs 8.4; P<.001). Multivariate analysis showed ED to be an independent predictor of severe coronary heart disease (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-5.04; P = .01) and high-risk MPS findings (summed stress score >8, transient ischemic dilation, or left ventricular ejection fraction <35%) (odds ratio, 2.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.43-5.74; P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erectile dysfunction is common in men referred for MPS, is associated with markers of adverse cardiovascular prognosis, and is an independent predictor of severe coronary heart disease and high-risk MPS findings. These results suggest that questioning about sexual function may be a useful tool for stratifying risk in individuals with suspected coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, Ill 60637, USA.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Tochi M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Okwuosa
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Panutich
authors.forename: R Parker
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon