title: Weather and emergency room visits for migraine headaches in Ottawa, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-reported surveys have indicated that weather can trigger migraine headaches. However, to date, we know of no previous study that has examined the relationship between weather and emergency room (ER) visits for this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between ER visits for migraines and selected meteorological conditions within the 24 hours preceding the visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-crossover design was used to study 4039 visits for migraines (ICD-9: 346) that occurred at an Ottawa hospital between 1993 and 2000. Meteorological conditions were defined using hourly readings from a fixed-site monitoring station. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare the occurrence of meteorological conditions during the 24 hours leading up to the time of the visit to control periods occurring 1 week before and after.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Precipitation-related weather events (fog, snow, rain, thunder) were not associated with migraine visits. Similarly, no associations were observed with changes in atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and relative humidity during the 24 hours preceding presentation. No statistically significant differences in the frequency distribution of clusters defined by relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and temperature were found between case and control intervals. Conversely, a mean wind speed in excess of 19 km per hour was associated with a reduction in ER visits 8 to 12 hours later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide little support for the hypothesis that ER visits for migraines are related to weather conditions occurring within the 24 hours preceding presentation. These results should be interpreted cautiously as some comparisons are based on a small number of cases, and ER visits for migraine may represent a highly selective group of patients who suffer from this condition.
authors.affiliation: Air Health Effects Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Villeneuve
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szyszkowicz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stieb
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bourque
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D014887:Weather