title: Sequential flow injection determination of chlorine species using a triiodide-selective electrode detector.
abstract: A flow injection analysis (FIA) method for the determination of four residual chlorine species, namely combined available chlorine (CAC), free available chlorine (FAC), total available chlorine (TAC) and chlorite (ClO2-) was developed using a flow-through triiodide-selective electrode as a detector. An important strategy of speciation studies utilized the kinetic discrimination of reactions between the CAC and FAC with Fe2+, which was applied to the speciation of FAC, CAC and TAC. The speciation of available chlorine species and chlorite (an oxychlorine species) was achieved by using the same set-up, but using flow streams of different pH. The effects of the pH of the carrier stream, the flow rate and the sample volume were studied. The method exhibited linearity from 2.8 x 10(-6) to 2.8 x 10(-4) M active chlorine (expressed as OCl-) with a detection limit of 1.4 x 10(-6) M. The selectivity of the method was studied by examining the minimum pH for the oxidation of iodide by other oxidants, and also by assessing the potentiometric selectivity coefficients. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of chlorine species in tap water, and disinfecting formulations where good agreement occurred between the proposed and standard methods were found.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. bahrud@usm.my
authors.forename: Bahruddin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Wan Tatt
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Wai
authors.forename: Abdussalam Salhin M
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Muhammad Idiris
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Saleh
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007454:Iodides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D007454:Iodides; D002713:Chlorine; C001599:chlorite