title: Implications of process evaluation for clinical effectiveness and clinical practice in a trial on chronic shoulder complaints.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The intervention process was evaluated in a randomised clinical trial on the effectiveness of a behavioural Graded Exercise Therapy (GET) programme for patients with chronic shoulder complaints in primary care settings. This process evaluation was done for three reasons: first, to know whether the programme was performed as planned; second, to know whether or not this treatment is feasible in normal practice; third, to identify needs for improvement of the protocol to facilitate implication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the extent to which the programme is being applied according to protocol, patient adherence to the programme and the suitability of the programme according to patients and physiotherapists. Twenty participating physiotherapists and 87 patients allocated to GET were asked to evaluate the intervention process. Furthermore, a sample of 10 patients, taken from the total number of 87 patients allocated to GET, was invited to take part in a focus group interview at the end of the study. We evaluated the intervention process using a treatment registration form filled in by the physiotherapists during treatment, evaluation forms filled in independently by physiotherapists and patients 26 weeks after the start of the treatment period, and information gathered during the focus group interview at the end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GET was applied according to protocol to an acceptable extent, and participating patients showed satisfactory adherence to the programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical effectiveness of GET in this trial is not influenced by flaws in the application of the programme or by lack of patient adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The programme could be improved in terms of the process of goal-setting, and the implementation of GET could be facilitated if the programme is embedded in a multidisciplinary approach in primary care.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Rehabilitation Research iRv, P.O. Box 192, 6430 AD Hoensbroek, The Netherlands. jacques.geraets@plante.nl
authors.forename: Jacques J X R
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Geraets
authors.forename: Mariëlle E J B
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: Jolanda C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Haastregt
authors.forename: Imelda J M
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Camiel P C
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
authors.forename: Rob A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Bie
authors.forename: Albère J A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Köke
authors.forename: Wim J A
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011320:Primary Health Care; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*