title: Adipose tissue engineering based on mesenchymal stem cells and basic fibroblast growth factor in vitro.
abstract: Despite the clinical need for reconstructive and plastic surgery, the supply of engineered adipose tissue equivalents still remains a challenge. As yet, only preadipocytes have been applied as a cell material for the in vitro tissue engineering of fat. Herein, we report the establishment of a three-dimensional (3-D) long-term cell culture, using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an alternative cell source and custom-made poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds as a cell carrier. Cell-polymer constructs were cultivated for 4 weeks in both the absence and presence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which was previously shown to strongly enhance the adipogenesis of MSCs in conventional 2-D short-term culture. A striking enhancement of the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and tissue development caused by bFGF in the 3-D culture was observed by osmium tetroxide histology and scanning electron microscopy. At the molecular level, reflecting the increased accumulation of lipids, bFGF increased the enzymatic activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a late marker of adipogenesis, and the expression of adipocyte-specific genes peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma2) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This study demonstrates that the use of bone marrow-derived MSCs, especially in combination with bFGF, may represent a promising approach to adipose tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bauer-Kreisel
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weiser
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fischbach
authors.forename: Michaela B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goepferich
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blunk
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2