title: Selective endothelin a (ETA) receptor antagonist (BQ-123) reduces both myocardial infarct size and oxidant injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelins (ET) can be considered stress-responsive regulators working in paracrine and autocrine fashion. It has been suggested that elevated levels of ET may be responsible for the low coronary re-flow phenomena. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was shown to stimulate ET release in rat heart; however, the mechanism(s) of this effect has not been clarified. Therefore, this study was focused to investigate the effect of BQ-123, selective ETA receptor antagonist, on three aspects of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury: hemodynamic parameters, infarct size and oxidant-antioxidant status in the absence and presence of ET-1 in an vivo rat model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To produce MI/R, a branch of the descending left coronary artery was occluded for 30 min followed by 2h reperfusion. ECG changes, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were measured before occlusion and continued both occlusion and reperfusion. Forty rats were randomly assigned to five groups equally: (1) sham-operated rats without coronary ligation, (2) I/R group, (3) I/R+BQ-123-treated group (10 microg/kg/min i.v.), (4) I/R+ET-treated group (25 ng/kg/min i.v.), (5) I/R+ET+BQ-123-treated group. The results are expressed as mean+/-S.E.M. In the ET-1 plus I/R group, the ratio between the infarcted area and area at risk 56+/-1% was significantly higher than I/R group (49+/-1%). In the BQ-123 group with or without exogenous ET-1 treatment in I/R group, this ratio was significantly lower at 40+/-2 and 37+/-1%, respectively. As compared to sham group, I/R increased lipid peroxidation whereas decreased nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents. This decreased antioxidant enzymatic defense could result in aggravated oxidative damage in I/R group rat hearts. ET-1 administration group showed severe oxidative damage. BQ-123 administrations to I/R group with or without ET-1 caused significantly decrease in lipid peroxidation and increased in SOD, CAT activities and NO generation and GSH content when compared with I/R group alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most important finding of the present study is that the ET blockade reduced I/R-induced myocardial injury. The mechanism of this reduction was speculated to be a resistance to ischemic injury in the subcellular levels of the myocardium conferred by a reduction of vascular constriction and improvement of imbalance in the antioxidant status.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parlakpinar
authors.forename: Alaadin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.forename: Necip
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ermis
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Acet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D016877:Oxidants; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C072247:cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu)