title: Physical properties of human premolar cementum: hardness and elasticity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the cementum on the maxillary right and left first premolars has identical physical properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten normal maxillary first premolar teeth, extracted from five orthodontic patients with a mean age of 14.0 years, were used. The teeth had not been subjected to an orthodontic force. The hardness and elastic modulus of the cementum were measured on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the roots at three locations: cervical third, middle third and apical third.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant side-to-side differences in cementum hardness (Mean side-to-side difference: 0.0063 GPa; SD: 0.0279; p = 0.525) or elastic modulus (Mean side-to-side difference: -0.027 GPa; SD: 0.111; p = 0.814). The hardness and elastic modulus of the cementum decreased from cervical to apical regions on both root surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar physical properties of the cementum on the maxillary right and left first premolars suggest that intra-arch comparisons can be used to investigate root resorption caused by orthodontic forces.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Sydney Dental Hospital, The University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Wanjira
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chutimanutskul
authors.forename: M Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Darendeliler
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petocz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000502:physiology*; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000502:physiology; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000502:physiology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000502:physiology