title: Fentanyl-induced hemodynamic changes after esophagectomy or cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to characterize the hemodynamic response to propofol vs propofol with fentanyl when used for sedation after esophagectomy or cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University Hospital, Intensive Care Unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery and 26 patients undergoing esophagectomy were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive propofol (0.5 mg/kg bolus over 10 minutes, followed by continuous infusion at 1 mg/kg per hour) with or without fentanyl (2.0 microg/kg per hour) to achieve sedation overnight while in the intensive care unit. Randomization was performed in a double-blind manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was monitored throughout the treatment period, and sedation level was measured. Sedation level was targeted to achieve a Ramsay score of 4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of patients experiencing a greater than 20% drop in baseline MAP was higher in cardiac patients receiving propofol alone (11 of 15 patients, 73%) than in cardiac patients receiving propofol with fentanyl (4 of 15 patients, 27%). Furthermore, the time of optimal sedation was lower in the cardiac patients who received propofol than in cardiac patients who received propofol with fentanyl group (propofol alone, 79%; propofol with fentanyl, 88%). In contrast, there was no difference in the number of esophagectomy patients experiencing a greater than 20% drop in baseline MAP or in the mean time of optimal sedation when comparing the 2 treatment regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol has a differential effect on hemodynamics and sedation when comparing patients after cardiac surgery and esophagectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. kadoi@med.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadoi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hinohara
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kunimoto
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol