title: Correlation of serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with disease severity and clinical outcome in dengue patients.
abstract: Dengue virus infection can cause mild dengue fever (DF) or severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Cytokines are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of dengue infection. However, the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in dengue infection is unclear. In this study, serum levels of MIF in adult dengue patients with different disease severity and clinical outcome were determined and compared with the levels of other cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), in the same patients. Serum levels of MIF, IL-6, and IL-10, but not IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha, were higher in all DHF patients who died than in DHF survivors and DF patients. We conclude that in addition to IL-6 and IL-10, elevated levels of serum MIF are a potential predictor of disease severity and clinical outcome in dengue patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lien-Cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huan-Yao
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Ching-Chuan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-Chu
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Shiesh
authors.forename: Shun-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsiao-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yee-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shan-Tair
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huey-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Shyu
authors.forename: Trai-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003715:Dengue / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma