title: Efficient systemic and mucosal responses against the HIV-1 Tat protein by prime/boost vaccination using the lipopeptide MALP-2 as adjuvant.
abstract: A major goal of HIV-1 vaccine development is the induction of mucosal immune responses able to stop or reduce viral infection directly at the portal of entry. We established a heterologous prime/boost vaccination protocol based on intradermal priming with the HIV-1 Tat protein and intranasal boosting with the Tat protein co-administered with the mucosal adjuvant MALP-2. Strong Tat-specific humoral responses were elicited in vaccinated mice at both systemic and mucosal levels. The cellular responses were characterized by a Th1 dominant helper pattern. The heterologous prime/boost regimen was also able to induce Tat-specific CTL, which were absent in animals receiving the homologous prime boost scheme. Thus, the heterologous prime/boost protocol was the only regimen able to evoke both CTL and sIgA responses. This suggests that a similar approach can be exploited to develop multi-component vaccines against HIV-1 infections able to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccinology, GBF-German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borsutzky
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebensen
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Pablo Daniel
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiorelli
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cafaro
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ensoli
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Guzmán
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*; D055666:Lipopeptides; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D055666:Lipopeptides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; C421254:human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat vaccine; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C106335:macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2