title: Virtual environment-based training simulator for endoscopic third ventriculostomy.
abstract: A virtual environment-based endoscopic third ventriculostomy simulator is being developed for training neurosurgeons as a standardized method for evaluating competency. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of a patient's brain are used to construct the geometry model, realistic behavior in the surgical area is simulated by using physical modeling and surgical instrument handling is replicate by a haptic interface. The completion of the proposed virtual training simulator will help the surgeon to practice the techniques repeatedly and effectively, serving as a powerful educational tool.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Electrical Eng. and Computer Sc., Case Western Reserve University, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Suriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsupakpong
authors.forename: Svend
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johannsen
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manjila
authors.forename: Qingbo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liberatore
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M Cenk
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cavusoglu
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education; D014481:United States; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014696:Ventriculostomy