title: Pattern of stingray injuries reported to Texas poison centers from 1998 to 2004.
abstract: This study examined the relationship between selected factors and all human exposures involving stingray injuries reported to Texas poison centers. Cases were obtained retrospectively from calls to poison centers in Texas and included all reported human exposures involving stingray injuries from 1998 to 2004. The distribution of cases was determined for a variety of demographic and clinical parameters. A total of 153 cases were identified. The reported stingray injury penetrance increased during the 7-year period. Of the cases with a known patient age, 2% were <6 years, 25% were 6-19 years and 73% were >19 years. The stingray injuries occurred in public areas in 54% of the cases. In 61% of cases, the management site was reported not to be a health care facility. Of the cases with a known clinical outcome, none involved no effects and 53% involved minor effects. The highest proportion of stingray injuries occurred during the summer months, particularly August. In 60% of the cases, the calls originated from counties along the coast. This information can be used to identify those portions of the population most in need of education regarding the prevention and treatment of stingray injuries.
authors.affiliation: Texas Department of State Health Services, 1100 W 49th Street, Austin, TX 78756, USA. mathias.forrester@dshs.state.tx.us
authors.forename: Mathias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Forrester
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005397:Fish Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D012860:Skates, Fish; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005397:Fish Venoms