title: Chemokine CXCL16, a scavenger receptor, induces proliferation and invasion of first-trimester human trophoblast cells in an autocrine manner.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether CXCL16/CXCR6, a newly identified chemokine pair, is expressed in first-trimester human placenta and whether they affect the trophoblast cell biology, since we have found CXCR6 highly transcribed in first-trimester human trophoblast cells previously.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the transcription and translation of CXCR6 and CXCL16 in purified first-trimester human trophoblast cells by real-time RT-PCR and immunochemical staining. We then examined the kinetic secretion of CXCL16 in the supernatant of primary-cultured trophoblast by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We further investigated effects of CXCL16 on the proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found the chemokine pair CXCL16/CXCR6 was transcribed and translated in first-trimester trophoblast cells and JAR line. In addition, the primary-cultured trophoblasts secreted CXCL16 spontaneously and continuously in 100-h culture. Treating trophoblasts with CXCL16 induced marked proliferation and invasion in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study have demonstrated for the first time that CXCR6 and CXCL16 are co-expressed by first-trimester human trophoblast cells and stimulate their proliferation and invasion in an autocrine/paracrine manner. It suggests that CXCL16 plays important roles in human extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion and placentation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Mei-Rong
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ming-Yan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Da-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010929:Placentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C423727:CXCL16 protein, human; C106330:CXCR6 protein, human; D000075743:Chemokine CXCL16; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000075744:Receptors, CXCR6; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D011991:Receptors, Virus