title: Horses on pasture may be affected by equine motor neuron disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Equine motor neuron disease (EMND) was diagnosed in 3 horses maintained on lush, grass-based pasture. This contrasted with North American studies which identified limited or no access to green herbage as an important risk factor for EMND.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Grazing horses that have an apparently adequate intake of pasture herbage to meet normal equine vitamin E requirements can develop EMND.
  
  
  METHODS
  Owners of 32 European horses diagnosed with EMND completed a questionnaire regarding intrinsic, managemental, nutritional and environmental factors that could potentially be risk factors for EMND, and also regarding clinical signs, treatments and case outcome. Plasma/serum vitamin E data for these horses were supplied by the veterinarians. No control population was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of 32 horses (termed the 'grazing' group) had part- or full-time access to grass-based pasture at the onset of EMND (median duration at pasture 12 h/day, range 3-24 h). Five of these horses were at pasture for at least 235 h/day at the onset of EMND, 2 of which were at pasture for at least 23.5 h/day throughout the year. Despite grazing, all these horses had a low vitamin E status. The remaining 19 horses resembled those cases reported from North America, in that they had no or limited access to pasture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A diagnosis of EMND should not be discounted on the basis that a horse has access, even full-time, to lush grass-based pasture. Inadequate vitamin E intake was probably not the sole cause of either the EMND or the low vitamin E status in the grazing horses; the latter was probably the result of abnormal bioavailability or excessive utilisation of vitamin E.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: McGorum
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amory
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deprez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nollet
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Wijnberg
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001947:Breeding; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D006109:Poaceae; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E