title: Coregulated human globin genes are frequently in spatial proximity when active.
abstract: The organization of genes within the nucleus may influence transcription. We have analyzed the nuclear positioning of the coordinately regulated alpha- and beta-globin genes and show that the gene-dense chromatin surrounding the human alpha-globin genes is frequently decondensed, independent of transcription. Against this background, we show the frequent juxtaposition of active alpha- and beta-globin genes and of homologous alpha-globin loci that occurs at nuclear speckles and correlates with transcription. However, we did not see increased colocalization of signals, which would be expected with direct physical interaction. The same degree of proximity does not occur between human beta-globin genes or between murine globin genes, which are more constrained to their chromosome territories. Our findings suggest that the distribution of globin genes within erythroblast nuclei is the result of a self-organizing process, involving transcriptional status, diffusional ability of chromatin, and physical interactions with nuclear proteins, rather than a directed form of higher-order control.
authors.affiliation: MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, England, UK.
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Joyce E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Reittie
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atzberger
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee-Prudhoe
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Higgs
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Iborra
authors.forename: Veronica J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Buckle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002875:Chromosomes; D004900:Erythroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D051379:Mice; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D005914:Globins