title: Photosensitization of different Candida species by low power laser light.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the laser radiation (685 nm) associated with photosensitizers on viability of different species of Candida genus. Suspensions of Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis, containing 10(6) viable cells per milliliter were obtained with the aid of a Neubauer's chamber. From each species, 10 samples of the cell suspension were irradiated with diode laser (685 nm) with 28 J/cm2 in the presence of methylene blue (0.1 mg/ml), 10 samples were only treated with methylene blue, 10 samples were irradiated with laser in the absence of the dye, 10 samples were treated with the dye and irradiated with laser light and 10 samples were exposed to neither the laser light nor to the methylene blue dye. From each sample, serial dilutions of 10(-2) and 10(-3) were obtained and aliquots of 0.1 ml of each dilution were plated in duplicate on Sabouraud dextrose agar. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 h, the number of colony-forming units (CFU/ml) was obtained and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Laser radiation in the presence of methylene blue reduced the number of CFU/ml in 88.6% for C. albicans, 84.8% for C. dubliniensis, 91.6% for C. krusei and 82.3% for C. tropicalis. Despite this, only laser radiation or methylene blue did not reduce significantly the number of CFU/ml of Candida samples, except for C. tropicalis. It could be concluded that the photo activation of methylene blue by the red laser radiation at 685 nm presented fungicide effect on all Candida species studied.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. sandcristina@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Sandra Cristina
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Juliana Campos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.forename: Cristiane Yumi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Koga-Ito
authors.forename: Egberto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Munin
authors.forename: Antonio Olavo Cardoso
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Jorge
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects*; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007834:Lasers; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue