title: Rapid simultaneous determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine in urine by fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: The use of fast gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (FGC-MS) was investigated to improve the efficiency of analysis of urine specimens that previously screened presumptively positive for amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MAMP), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and/or 3,4 methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) by immunoassay testing. Specimens were pretreated with basic sodium periodate, extracted using a positive-pressure manifold/cation-exchange solid-phase cartridge methodology, and derivatized using 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl chloride (4-CB). The analytical method was compared to traditional GC-MS analysis and evaluated with respect to assay chromatography, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and reproducibility. The limits of detection were 62.5 ng/mL for MDA and 31.25 ng/mL for AMP, MAMP, MDMA, and MDEA. All of the target analytes were linear to 12,000 ng/mL with the exception of MAMP which was linear to 10,000 ng/mL. The intra-assay precision of a 500 ng/mL multiconstituent control (n=15) ranged from 522.6 to 575.9 ng/mL with a coefficient of variation of less than 3.8%. Authentic human urine specimens (n=187) previously determined to contain the target analytes were re-extracted and analyzed by both FGC-MS and the currently utilized GC-MS method. No significant differences in specimen concentration were observed between these analytical methods. No interferences were seen when the performance of the FGC-MS method was challenged with ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and phentermine. When compared to traditional GC-MS analysis, FGC-MS analysis provided a dramatic reduction in retention time for amphetamine (1.8 min vs. 4.12 min). For example, the FGC-MS method reduced overall run time for a batch of 56 specimens from 12.0 h to 7.25 h. This reduction in analysis time makes FGC-MS an attractive alternative to traditional GC-MS by allowing a laboratory greater flexibility in the purchase and use of capital equipment and in the assignment of laboratory personnel, all resulting in greater overall efficiency by decreasing reporting times for AMP, MAMP, and designer amphetamine positive specimens.
authors.affiliation: Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, 320B B Street, Great Lakes, Illinois 60088-2815, USA. klklette@nhgl.med.navy.mil
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Klette
authors.forename: Matthew H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jamerson
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Morris-Kukoski
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kettle
authors.forename: J Jacob
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000652:urine*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000652:urine*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants