title: Combined effects of antimicrobial coating, modified atmosphere packaging, and gamma irradiation on Listeria innocua present in ready-to-use carrots (Daucus carota).
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an edible antimicrobial coating combined with modified atmosphere (MA) packaging (60% O2, 30% CO2, and 10% N2) and gamma irradiation on peeled minicarrots inoculated with Listeria innocua. Carrots were inoculated with L. innocua (10(3) CFU/g) and then coated with an antimicrobial coating based on calcium caseinate containing trans-cinnamaldehyde. The same formulation without trans-cinnamaldehyde was used as an inactive coating. Coated and uncoated carrots were packed under the MA or under air, irradiated at 0.25 or 0.5 kGy, and stored at 4 +/- 1 degrees C for 21 days. Samples were evaluated periodically for enumeration of L. innocua. Unirradiated carrots stored under air had the highest concentrations of L. innocua after 21 days of storage: 2.23 CFU/g in the uncoated samples and 2.26 CFU/ g in samples coated with the inactive coating. These results suggest that the inactive coating did not have any antimicrobial effect against L. innocua. However, the addition of the antimicrobial coating resulted in a 1.29-log reduction in the concentration of L. innocua in carrots packed under air after 21 days of storage and a 1.08-log reduction in carrots packed under MA after 7 days of storage. After 7 days of storage, no L. innocua was detected in samples treated at 0.5 kGy under air or in samples treated at 0.25 kGy under MA. A complete inhibition of L. innocua was also observed during all storage periods in uncoated and coated samples treated at 0.5 kGy under MA. These results indicate that the combination of irradiation and MA conditions play an important role in the radiosensitization of L. innocua.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Irradiation Center and Research Laboratory in Sciences Applied to Food, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Quebec, 531 Blvd des Prairies, Laval, Québec, Canada H7V 1B7.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caillet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millette
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmiéri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacroix
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005514:Food Irradiation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005720:Gamma Rays; D008087:Listeria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen