title: Interventions to promote optimal health outcomes in children with Type 1 diabetes--are they effective?
abstract: The incidence of Type 1 diabetes is increasing worldwide, imposing enormous public health costs, as well as profoundly affecting individual quality of life. There is evidence that psychological problems are increased in children with diabetes and this morbidity is often associated with poor metabolic control. Specific risk factors for this dual morbidity are emerging from empirical studies. The next challenge is to identify effective interventions for use with children at risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes. The intervention literature is reviewed. It is noted that most studies have used diabetes-specific, unstandardized interventions in groups of adolescents, with few interventions trialled with younger children. No study has targeted a specific psychological disorder such as behaviour problems or depression, both of which are known to be increased in children with diabetes and for which effective standardized interventions are available. Attention is drawn to methodological limitations in many of the studies conducted to date and suggestions made to reduce these in future interventions attempting to reduce the burden of illness in children with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. lis.northam@rch.org.au
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Northam
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003376:Counseling; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose