title: Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an american college of chest physicians task force.
abstract: While grading the strength of recommendations and the quality of underlying evidence enhances the usefulness of clinical guidelines, the profusion of guideline grading systems undermines the value of the grading exercise. An American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) task force formulated the criteria for a grading system to be utilized in all ACCP guidelines that included simplicity and transparency, explicitness of methodology, and consistency with current methodological approaches to the grading process. The working group examined currently available systems, and ultimately modified an approach formulated by the international GRADE group. The grading scheme classifies recommendations as strong (grade 1) or weak (grade 2), according to the balance among benefits, risks, burdens, and possibly cost, and the degree of confidence in estimates of benefits, risks, and burdens. The system classifies quality of evidence as high (grade A), moderate (grade B), or low (grade C) according to factors that include the study design, the consistency of the results, and the directness of the evidence. For all future ACCP guidelines, The College has adopted a simple, transparent approach to grading recommendations that is consistent with current developments in the field. The trend toward uniformity of approaches to grading will enhance the usefulness of practice guidelines for clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, HSC-2C12, McMaster University, 1200 Main St West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5. guyatt@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guyatt
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gutterman
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Addrizzo-Harris
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hylek
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raskob
authors.forename: Sandra Zelman
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schünemann
mesh_terms: D026683:Advisory Committees; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D015272:Pulmonary Medicine; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D014481:United States