Small-area variations in conviction rates for DWI: the significance of contextual variables in a Southwestern state.
Average annual conviction rates (1990-2000) of people arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol in each of New Mexico's 33 counties are described. Conviction rates vary from 58 to 95%. Rates are correlated with political conservatism, being higher where a higher proportion of voters voted for the republican presidential candidates, and with measures of crowding in the courts. Conviction rates are higher in rural than urban areas and are correlated with a low prevalence of alcohol-related problems in the population. The variance in conviction rates is higher in rural than urban areas, and higher where measures of court crowding are low. The results suggest that political culture and the efficiency of court functioning are each independently associated with conviction rates for DWI and may also be associated in a reciprocal fashion with both low DWI arrest rates and alcohol-involved crash rates.
Kunitz
Stephen J
SJ
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY 14642, USA. Stephen_Kunitz@urmc.rochester.edu
Delaney
Harold D
HD
Layne
Larry J
LJ
Wheeler
Denise R
DR
Rogers
Everett M
EM
Woodall
W Gill
WG
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D004526:Efficiency; D006801:Humans; D033222:Judicial Role; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D011057:Politics; D012424:Rural Population; D017062:Small-Area Analysis; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D014505:Urban Population