title: Plant and animal pathogen recognition receptors signal through non-RD kinases.
abstract: Plants and animals mediate early steps of the innate immune response through pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs commonly associate with or contain members of a monophyletic group of kinases called the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family that include Drosophila Pelle, human IRAKs, rice XA21 and Arabidopsis FLS2. In mammals, PRRs can also associate with members of the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase family, distant relatives to the IRAK family. Some IRAK and RIP family kinases fall into a small functional class of kinases termed non-RD, many of which do not autophosphorylate the activation loop. We surveyed the yeast, fly, worm, human, Arabidopsis, and rice kinomes (3,723 kinases) and found that despite the small number of non-RD kinases in these genomes (9%-29%), 12 of 15 kinases known or predicted to function in PRR signaling fall into the non-RD class. These data indicate that kinases associated with PRRs can largely be predicted by the lack of a single conserved residue and reveal new potential plant PRR subfamilies.
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA. cdardick@afrs.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dardick
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ronald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005810:Multigene Family; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C506249:RIPK1 protein, human; D053422:Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases