Role of 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
Transient activation of fibroblasts or fibroblast-like cells to proliferate and to produce elevated quantities of extracellular matrix is essential to fibrosis. This activation is regulated by several cytokines produced by various inflammation-associated cells. Among these, transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) is considered of major importance. Many studies have shown that lipid peroxidation play a key role in the initiation and progression of fibrosis in different organs. In fact, 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE), the major aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, is able to induce TGFbeta1 expression and synthesis, and activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor. In this study, using the murine macrophage line J774-A1, we show that these effects are strictly related to the chemical structure of HNE, since neither 2-nonenal nor nonanal are biologically active to the same extent. Moreover, we demonstrate that HNE can indeed contribute to the onset of fibrosis by stimulating AP-1 binding to DNA and consequently inducing TGFbeta1 expression, since thiol-group reagents, such as N-ethylmaleimide and 4-(chloro-mercuri)-benzenesulfonic acid, that down-modulate HNE entrance and localisation inside the cell, prevent both phenomena. The possibility to control fibrogenic cytokine levels by means of antioxidant or dietetic treatments opens new potential pharmacological and nutritional horizons in the treatment of many chronic diseases characterised by excessive fibrosis.
Chiarpotto
Elena
E
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (TO), Italy. elena.chiarpotto@unito.it
Castello
Laura
L
Leonarduzzi
Gabriella
G
Biasi And
Fiorella
F
Poli
Giuseppe
G
D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005355:Fibrosis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism
D000447:Aldehydes; D011506:Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C013166:2-nonenal; C008664:nonanal; D004247:DNA; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal