title: The functional (-1171 5A-->6A) polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3 gene as a risk factor for oral submucous fibrosis among male areca users.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insertion/deletion (-1171 5A-->6A) polymorphisms in the promoter region of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) gene result in different transcriptional activities. MMP3 is able to degrade collagens types II, V, IX, and X, and other extracellular matrix. The functional promoter polymorphism of MMP3 has been related to the susceptibility in some inflammatory diseases and metastasis of cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are prevalent among Asian areca users. In this study, genomic DNA obtained from the blood of OSCC (n = 150), OSF (n = 71), and control non-diseased areca user (n = 98) in male were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping of MMP3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5A genotype in MMP3 promoter was observed more frequently in OSF group than in control group (P = 0.01). No significant difference was noted between OSCC and control groups on the 5A genotype frequency (P = 0.18). No association was found between 5A genotype in MMP3 promoter and site or lymph node metastasis and stage of OSCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that the 5A genotype of MMP3 promoter was associated with the risk of OSF but not OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, I-Lan Hospital, I-Lan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H-F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: C-J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: M-T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: C-P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: T-Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004247:DNA; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D000225:Adenine