title: Proinflammatory effects of Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin B on nasal epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin B (SE-B) on proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine releases in primary nasal epithelial cell cultures (NECC) of subjects with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  NECC (CRS: n = 14;
  
  
  METHODS
  n = 11) were stimulated with SE-B. Protein concentrations of interleukin-(IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 levels were measured in NECC supernatants by ELISA before (T0) and after 24 hr stimulation with SE-B (T1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  T0: supernatants of the NECC of CRS patients contained significant lower levels of IL-8 (2.1 ng/ml) compared to CONTROLS (IL-8: 6.2 ng/ml; P < 0.01). T1: SE-B induced a significant increase of IL-6 in NECC (P < 0.001). IL-1beta was not detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study evaluating the effects of exotoxins on NECC. SE-B showed proinflammatory effects on NECC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that resident NECC are involved in immunological responses to Staphylococcus aureus toxins, supplementing the so-called "superantigen hypothesis" in CRS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne (Köln), Germany. michael.damm@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quante
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenbohm
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rieckmann
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D009666:Nose / Q000166:cytology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D005098:Exotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018089:Superantigens