Radiation-induced in vitro phototoxic potential of some fluoroquinolones.
Photosensitizing drugs that can damage cellular biomolecules is a matter of concern. Lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and enoxacin (broad-spectrum antibiotics of fluoroquinolone group) are used for the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. Phototoxicity and possible mechanism of their action was assessed under the exposure of ambient levels of UV-A, UV-B, and sunlight at a concentration generally used in the treatment of various diseases. Singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anion radical (O2.-) generation, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation in human blood were studied. All the fluoroquinolones tested in this study produced 1O2 and O2.- under exposure to UV-A, UV-B, and sunlight depending on the concentrations (0 to 60 microg/mL) of the drugs. Enoxacin showed a higher yield of 1O2 and O2.- than other drugs. These materials also degraded deoxyguanosine and induced lipid peroxidation in vitro under exposure to UV-A, UV-B, and sunlight (depending on the dose of radiation). The formation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the photoexcited drugs may be considered as a possible mechanism of their action.
Ray
R S
RS
Photobiology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India.
Agrawal
N
N
Misra
R B
RB
Farooq
M
M
Hans
R K
RK
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D026082:Singlet Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D013481:Superoxides; D026082:Singlet Oxygen; D004247:DNA; D003849:Deoxyguanosine