title: Effect of raloxifene on cardiovascular adverse events in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
abstract: The impact of selective estrogen receptor modulators on cardiovascular disease outcomes in postmenopausal women remains unclear. This analysis assessed the effect of raloxifene on the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in postmenopausal women followed for < or =8 years as participants in a 4-year osteoporosis treatment trial and a subsequent 4-year follow-up trial. The Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) trial, designed to determine the effect of raloxifene on the incidence of invasive breast cancer, was a 4-year follow-up study to the 4-year Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) osteoporosis treatment trial. Of the 7,705 participants originally enrolled in MORE, 4,011 were enrolled in CORE and thus participated in both trials (MORE-CORE participants). The incidence of serious cardiovascular (i.e., coronary and cerebrovascular) adverse events during 8 years, confirmed by external adjudication in the 2 trials, was compared between treatment groups using Cox proportional hazards models. The 8-year incidence of serious cardiovascular adverse events did not differ significantly between the raloxifene (5.5%) and placebo (4.7%) groups (hazard ratio [HR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86 to 1.56). Similar results were obtained when coronary (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.83) or cerebrovascular (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.84) events were analyzed separately, and when cardiovascular events were analyzed in the 459 MORE-CORE participants who were at increased risk of cardiovascular events by previously established criteria (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.82). In conclusion, we found no evidence of a beneficial or harmful effect of raloxifene on the incidence of cardiovascular events overall, or coronary or cerebrovascular events, in postmenopausal osteoporotic women at relatively low risk of cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ensrud
authors.forename: Andrea Riccardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Genazzani
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNabb
authors.forename: Sherie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dowsett
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride