title: An in situ hybridization study of Runx2, Osterix, and Sox9 at the onset of condylar cartilage formation in fetal mouse mandible.
abstract: Mandibular condylar cartilage is the principal secondary cartilage, differing from primary cartilage in its rapid differentiation from progenitor cells (preosteoblasts/skeletoblasts) to hypertrophic chondrocytes. The expression of three transcription factors related to bone and cartilage formation, namely Runx2, Osterix and Sox9, was investigated at the onset of mouse mandibular condylar cartilage formation by in situ hybridization. Messenger RNAs for these three molecules were expressed in the condylar anlage, consisting of preosteoblasts/skeletoblasts, at embryonic day (E)14. Hypertrophic chondrocytes appeared at E15 as soon as cartilage tissue appeared. Runx2 mRNA was expressed in the embryonic zone at the posterior position of the newly formed cartilage, in the bone collar and in the newly formed cartilage, but expression intensity in the newly formed cartilage was slightly weaker. Osterix mRNA was also expressed in the embryonic zone and in the bone collar, but was at markedly lower levels in the newly formed cartilage. Sox9 mRNA was continuously expressed from the embryonic zone to the newly formed cartilage. At this stage, Sox5 mRNA was expressed only in the newly formed cartilage. These results suggest that reduced expression of Osterix in combination with Sox9-Sox5 expression is important for the onset of condylar (secondary) cartilage formation.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Anatomy, Department of Maxillofacial Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. S.Shibata.mfa@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000196:embryology*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011247:Pregnancy; D015347:RNA Probes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D015347:RNA Probes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C479466:Sp7 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors