title: Effect of topical tranexamic acid in open heart surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to induce postoperative coagulopathy including fibrinolysis. We have evaluated the effect of the topical use of tranexamic acid in the pericardial cavity on postoperative bleeding following open heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients, scheduled for elective open heart surgery, were included in this double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study. They were allocated to a treatment group (Group I), or placebo group (Group II). Patients with coagulopathies, renal failure, re-do surgery, or recent anti-platelet treatment were excluded. In Group I, tranexamic acid (2 g in 100 mL of saline solution) was poured into the pericardial cavity before sternal closure. Placebo patients received 100 mL of saline. Postoperative blood loss, need for transfusion of blood products and the rate of re-sternotomy for bleeding were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first postoperative 24 h, cumulative blood loss was significantly higher in Group II compared to Group I (1208 +/- 121 mL vs. 733 +/- 93 mL, respectively) (P < 0.001). More blood transfusions were administered to Group II patients (4.54 +/- 1.4 units) as compared to Group I patients (2.64 +/- 1.5 units) (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical application of tranexamic acid in patients undergoing primary open heart surgery led to a significant reduction of both postoperative mediastinal bleeding, and rate of re-exploration for haemostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cairo University, Kasr El Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abul-Azm
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014148:Tranexamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000933:Antifibrinolytic Agents; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014148:Tranexamic Acid