title: Contrast-induced nephropathy: how it develops, how to prevent it.
abstract: No current treatment can reverse or ameliorate contrast-induced nephropathy once it occurs, but prophylaxis is possible. Many preventive measures have failed to show benefits in well-designed, prospective, randomized, double-blinded trials. This review will focus only on the prophylactic strategies that have possible or proven value.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA. rudnickm@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rudnick
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kesselheim
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012307:Risk Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media