title: Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase on maize (Zea mays L.) growth under axenic conditions and on nodulation in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that the bacterial strains possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)-deaminase activity may also promote growth of inoculated plants and could increase nodulation in legumes upon co-inoculation with rhizobia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several rhizobacteria were isolated from maize rhizosphere through enrichment on ACC as a sole N source. Purified isolates were screened for growth promotion in maize under axenic conditions and for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity. A significant positive correlation was observed between in vitro ACC-deaminase activity of bacterial cells and root elongation. None of the isolates produced auxins. Bradyrhizobium japonicum produced less amount of auxins but did not carry ACC-deaminase activity. Results of pot experiment revealed that co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolates enhanced the nodulation in mung bean compared with inoculation with Bradyrhizobium alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is highly expected that inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase hydrolysed endogenous ACC into ammonia and alpha-ketobutyrate instead of ethylene. Consequently, root and shoot growth as well as nodulation were promoted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACC-deaminase trait could be employed as an efficient tool to screen effective PGPR, which could be successfully used as biofertilizers to increase the growth of inoculated plants as well as nodulation in legumes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shaharoona
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Zahir
mesh_terms: D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000201:enzymology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013559:Symbiosis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: C033634:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase; D019755:Carbon-Carbon Lyases