title: Cytolytic CD8+ T cells directed against a cryptic epitope derived from a retroviral alternative reading frame confer disease protection.
abstract: Cytolytic CD8(+) T cells (CTL) are key to the immune response that controls virus infections and mediates disease protection. The ability of CTL to induce apoptosis of infected cells and/or limit viral replication is determined by recognition of processed viral peptide epitopes on the surface of the target cell. An understudied source of MHC class I-presented peptides is the aptly named "cryptic epitopes," defined by their nontraditional methods of generation, including derivation from alternative reading frames (ARFs). Although ARF-encoded epitopes have now been documented in a few systems, their potential functional relevance in vivo has been debated. In this study, we demonstrate the physiological significance of an ARF-derived CTL epitope in a retrovirus-induced disease model. We show that disease-susceptible CD8-deficient mice reconstituted with CTL specific for the retroviral ARF-derived SYNTGRFPPL epitope controlled an infection by the LP-BM5 retrovirus isolate, evidently at the level of viral clearance, resulting in protection of these mice from disease. These data indicate that ARF-derived epitopes are indeed relevant inducers of the immune system and demonstrate the importance of atypically generated peptides as functional Ag with a physiologic role in disease protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
authors.forename: On
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016364:Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics*; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte