title: Asymmetrization of first cleavage by transient disassembly of one spindle pole aster in the leech Helobdella robusta.
abstract: Unequal first cleavage is characteristic of a diverse group of protostome animals. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, unequal first cleavage is achieved through the interaction of an apparently symmetric mitotic spindle apparatus with a clearly polarized cell cortex. In the clitellate annelid Tubifex tubifex, by contrast, the spindle is monastral and contains only one gamma-tubulin-reactive centrosome; this monastral spindle is inherently asymmetric throughout mitosis. Here, we have used immunostaining for beta- and gamma-tubulin to follow spindle dynamics during the unequal first cleavage in another clitellate annelid, the leech Helobdella robusta. We find that the mitotic spindle is diastral and symmetric through early metaphase, then becomes asymmetric following the transient down-regulation of one centrosome, as judged by gamma-tubulin immunofluorescence. Low levels of drugs that affect microtubule dynamics can symmetrize the first cleavage without affecting the gamma-tubulin dynamics. Our results provide a striking example of the evolvability of cellular mechanisms underlying an unambiguously homologous developmental process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 385 LSA, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Weisblat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007865:Leeches / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017239:Paclitaxel; D015739:Nocodazole