title: Mechanisms underlying the relaxation induced by isokaempferide from Amburana cearensis in the guinea-pig isolated trachea.
abstract: The present study examines possible mechanisms by which the flavonoid isokaempferide (IKPF; 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone) from Amburana cearensis, a Brazilian medicinal plant popularly used as bronchodilator, induces relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea. In the trachea (with intact epithelium) contracted by carbachol, IKPF (1-1000 microM) caused a graded relaxation, and the epithelium removal increased the sensitivity of the airway smooth muscle to IKPF (EC50, in intact tissue: 77.4 [54.8-109.2] microM; in denuded epithelium: 15.0 [11.3-20.1] microM). The IKPF-induced relaxation was inhibited in 41% by the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 microM); in 31% and 50% by the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitor ODQ (3 and 33 microM); by propranolol (31%) and also by capsaicin (37%). In the trachea pre-contracted by 40 mM KCl the pre-incubation with glibenclamide (33 microM) or iberiotoxin (IbTX, 0.1 microM), selective K(+) channel inhibitors, inhibited the IKPF-induced relaxation by 39% and 38%, respectively. On the other hand, 4-aminopyridine (100 microM), a nonselective K(+) channel antagonist, did not significantly influence the effect of IKPF, while IbTX induced a rightward displacement of the IKPF concentration-response curve. However, in muscle pre-contracted with 120 mM KCl the relaxant effect of IKPF was significantly reduced and not affected by glibenclamide. In conclusion, these results indicate a direct and epithelium-independent relaxant effect of IKPF on smooth muscle fibers. Although this IKPF relaxant action seems to be multi-mediated, it occurs via both Ca(2+) and ATP-sensitive K(+) channels, but some other possible mechanisms unrelated to K(+) channels cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. kalyne@ufc.br
authors.forename: Luzia K A M
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Melina F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitombeira
authors.forename: Viviane M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Edilberto R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Kirley M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Canuto
authors.forename: Glauce S B
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Viana
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D003374:Coumarins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D003374:Coumarins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D010936:Plant Extracts; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; C511208:isokaempferide; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D006632:Histamine; D002217:Carbachol; C030123:coumarin; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D002211:Capsaicin; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester