title: Serum antibodies to enterohepatic Helicobacter spp. in patients with chronic liver diseases and in a population with high prevalence of H. pylori infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enteric Helicobacter species might be a risk factor for chronic liver and biliary tract diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse serum antibody levels to three enteric Helicobacter species in patients with various biliary tract and chronic liver diseases and compare results with corresponding parameters for an adult population group, known to have a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, and with healthy blood donors, to explore a possible association of enteric Helicobacter with chronic liver diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera of 90 patients with various chronic liver diseases, 121 Estonian adult persons and 68 blood donors were analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera, previously tested for H. pylori were analysed for IgG to Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter pullorum. ELISA was initially used for screening and exclusion of negative cases. Sera with positive ELISA results were further analysed by immunoblot. To remove cross-reactive antibodies between H. pylori and the enteric species, sera were pre-absorbed with lysed H. pylori cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver patients showed a significantly higher seroprevalence to H. hepaticus and H. bilis, compared with the adult population group (p=0.0001 and 0.04, respectively), and to H. hepaticus, compared with blood donors (p=0.01). Patients with autoimmune hepatitis showed no significant antibody reactivity to the enteric Helicobacter spp. in contrast to patients with other chronic liver diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with chronic liver diseases, except autoimmune hepatitis patients, showed increased antibody levels to H. bilis/H. hepaticus compared with the population and blood donors indicating a possible role of enteric Helicobacter in the natural course of chronic liver diseases. Immunoblot seems to be a promising method for serodiagnosis of infections with these fastidious pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Centre of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of General and Molecular Pathology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 51014 Tartu, Estonia. tamara.vorobjova@klinikum.ee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vorobjova
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terjajev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lyyra
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Porkka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prükk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salupere
authors.forename: H-I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maaroos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wadström
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uibo
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000276:immunology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial