title: CT-maximum intensity projection is a clinically useful modality for the detection of gastric varices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of CT-maximum intensity projection (CT-MIP) in the detection of gastric varices and their inflowing and outflowing vessels in patients with gastric varices scheduled to undergo balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with endoscopically confirmed gastric varices were included in this study. All patients were evaluated with CT-MIP using three-dimensional reconstructions, before and after B-RTO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT-MIP clearly depicted gastric varices in 16 patients (100%), the left gastric vein in 6 (32.5%), the posterior gastric vein in 12 (75.0%), the short gastric veins in 13 (81.3%), gastrorenal shunts in 16 (100%), the hemiazygos vein (HAZV) in 4 (25.0%), the pericardiophrenic vein (PCPV) in 9 (56.3%), and the left inferior phrenic vein in 9 patients (56.3%). Although flow direction itself cannot be determined from CT-MIP, this modality provided clear images of the inflowing and the outflowing vessels. Moreover, in one patient, short gastric veins were not seen on conventional angiographic portography images of the spleen, but were clearly revealed on CT-MIP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that CT-MIP should be considered as a routine method for detecting and diagnosing collateral veins in patients with gastric varices scheduled for B-RTO. Furthermore, CT-MIP is more useful than endoscopy in verifying the early therapeutic effects of B-RTO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Second Hospital, Teraji 280-7, Niigata 950-1104, Japan. toruishi@ngt.saiseikai.or.jp
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushiki
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togashi
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kei-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Tomoteru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards