title: The role of biological system other than auditory air-conduction in the emergence of the hypersonic effect.
abstract: Although human beings cannot perceive elastic vibrations in the frequency range above 20 kHz, nonstationary sounds containing a wealth of inaudible high-frequency components (HFC) above the human audible range activate deep-lying brain structures, including the brainstem and thalamus and evoke various physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses. In the previous reports, we have called these phenomena collectively "the hypersonic effect." It remains unclear, however, if vibratory stimuli above the audible range are transduced and perceived solely via the conventional air-conducting auditory system or if other mechanisms also contribute to mediate transduction and perception. In the present study, we have examined the emergence of the hypersonic effect when inaudible HFC and audible low-frequency components (LFC) were presented selectively to the ears, the entrance of an air-conducting auditory system, or to the body surface including the head which might contain some unknown vibratory sensing mechanisms. We used two independent measurements based on differing principles; one physiological (alpha 2 frequency of spontaneous electroencephalogram [alpha-EEG]) and the other behavioral (the comfortable listening level [CLL]). Only when the listener's entire body surface was exposed to HFC, but not when HFC was presented exclusively to the air-conducting auditory system, did both the alpha-EEG and the CLL significantly increase compared to the presentation of LFC alone, that is to say, there was an evident emergence of the hypersonic effect. The present findings suggest that the conventional air-conducting auditory system alone does not bring about the hypersonic effect. We may need to consider the possible involvement of a biological system distinct from the conventional air-conducting auditory nervous system in sensing and transducing high-frequency elastic vibration above the human audible range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tokyo 164-0003, Japan. oohashi@fais.or.jp
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oohashi
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonekura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011846:Radio Waves; D011930:Reaction Time; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014732:Vibration