title: Pathophysiology of photoaging of human skin: focus on neutrophils.
abstract: UV-induced skin damage is the result of a complex cascade of events. Many studies have focused on the skin effects induced by UV-B or UV-A separately. Recently a UV-source that emits UV-B and UV-A together in a ratio comparable to daily sunlight has been introduced: i.e. solar simulated radiation (SSR). By exposing human skin type I-III to erythematogenic doses of UV (> or =1 MED) emitted by a SSR source we have noticed that: (a) neutrophils are initially the main infiltrating cell type in the dermis and (b) these infiltrating cells are the a key source of in vivo enzymatically [corrected] active enzymes such as elastase, [corrected] matrix metallo proteinases-1 and -9 (MMPs-1 and -9). These enzymes are relevant to the process of photoaging, as they break down the extracellular matrix. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts also produce matrix degrading enzymes, but to a lesser extent. Our results indicate a primary role for infiltrating neutrophils in the initial steps of photoaging. This is further supported by the observation that after exposure of skin type VI to physical doses of SSR, equivalent to those used for skin types I-III, no neutrophils and neutrophil-derived enzymatic activity were observed, explaining why skin type VI is [corrected] less susceptible to photoaging than skin types [corrected] I-III. Statement: Although most of the data, referred to, have been published, the current perspective in which they are put together is completely novel and has not been published elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, G.02.124, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. F.Rijken@azu.nl
authors.forename: Feiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rijken
authors.forename: Rebecca C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kiekens
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van den Worm
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Huib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Weelden
authors.forename: Piet L B
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Bruijnzeel
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases