title: Gonadotrophins for idiopathic male factor subfertility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Male factor infertility accounts for 50% of infertility. The treatment of idiopathic male infertility is empirical. Urinary, purified, and recombinant gonadotrophins have been used to improve sperm parameters in idiopathic male infertility with the goal of increasing pregnancy rates. Research addressing pregnancy rates in partners of men treated with gonadotrophins has had conflicting results and needs to be analysed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of gonadotrophin administration to men with idiopathic subfertility on spontaneous pregnancy rate and in assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group trials register (19 November 2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, issue 4, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to April 2005), EMBASE and Biological Abstracts (1980 to November 2004). Searches were not limited by language. The bibliographies of included, excluded trials and abstracts of major meetings were searched for additional trials. Authors and pharmaceutical companies were contacted for missing and unpublished data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Truly randomised controlled trials where gonadotrophins were administered for the treatment of idiopathic male subfertility with reporting of pregnancy rates were included in the review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Adverse effects information was collected from the trials. We analysed data regarding pregnancy occurring within 3 months after gonadotrophin therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four RCTs with 278 participant were included in the analysis. None of the studies had an adequate sample size and they had variable follow-up periods. None of the studies reported live birth or miscarriage rates. Compared to placebo or no treatment, gonadotrophins showed a significantly higher pregnancy rate per couple randomized within 3 months of completing therapy (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.30 to 7.09). Pregnancy rate was 13.4% (19/142) in the gonadotrophin group and 4.4% (6/136) in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of trials and participants is insufficient to draw final conclusions. A large multicenter study with adequate power is needed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 18 El-Ghaith St., El-Agouza, Cairo, Egypt, 12311. amattia@link.net
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Attia
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Al-Inany
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Proctor
mesh_terms: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000188:drug therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone