title: Microinflammation in hemodialysis is related to a preactivated subset of monocytes.
abstract: Increased percentage of monocytes with low CD14 expression and that co-express CD16 (CD14+/CD16+) have been reported in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We sought to determine whether CD14+/CD16+ monocytes in HD therapy are sensibilized cells to a proinflammatory activity. Cells from 32 HD patients, and from 9 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), 9 individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1- and 15 healthy controls were studied. Cells were analyzed by means of flow cytometry for CD14/CD16 expression and immune function (cytokine, chemokines, and sialoadhesin expression), and phagocytosis. Increased percentage of CD14+/CD16+ monocytes was observed in HD patients. Compared with CD14++ monocytes, the CD14+/CD16+ monocytes exhibited increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of differentiated cells. In addition, these monocytes showed an increased phagocytic activity. Similarly, CD14+/CD16+ monocytes from SLE and HIV patients showed increased inflammatory activity as compared with CD14++ cells. These results support that CD14+/CD16+ monocytes from HD patients evidence characteristics of primed prestimulated proinflammatory cells, similar to data observed in SLE and HIV.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain. manuelr.ramirez.sspa@juntadeadalucia.es
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carracedo
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berdud
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carretero
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tetta
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Malo
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aljama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000032:analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D017452:Receptors, IgG