title: Luteinizing hormone in premenopausal women may stimulate uterine leiomyomata development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has proliferative effects on uterine smooth muscle and leiomyoma tissue in vitro. We hypothesized that luteinizing hormone (LH) would have the same effect by activating the LH/hCG receptor, and it would follow that premenopausal women with higher basal LH levels would be more likely to have leiomyomata.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomly selected women, aged 35 to 49 years, from a prepaid health plan were screened for leiomyomata with pelvic ultrasound. Urine samples collected during the first or last 5 days of the menstrual cycle were analyzed for LH by immunofluorometric assay, and concentrations were corrected for creatinine (n = 523). Logistic regression and Bayes analyses were used to evaluate the association of LH with presence and size of leiomyomata, adjusting for age, and other risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with higher LH were more likely to have leiomyomata (adjusted odds ratios for second and third tertiles were 1.7 and 2.0 compared with lower tertile; 95% confidence intervals, 1.0 to 2.7 and 1.2 to 3.4, respectively). The association was stronger for large leiomyomata. Bayes analyses designed to estimate LH effects on tumor onset separately from tumor growth showed significantly accelerated tumor onset but little evidence of effects on tumor growth. Age, an independent risk factor for leiomyomata, was not affected by inclusion of LH in the logistic models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As hypothesized, women with higher LH were more likely to have leiomyomata, but this did not explain the age-related increase in leiomyomata during perimenopausal ages. Determining whether LH is causal or a marker for susceptibility will require further research.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. baird@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: Donna D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kesner
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Dunson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000652:urine*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D047648:Perimenopause; D017697:Premenopause / Q000652:urine*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D003404:Creatinine