title: A case of fatal biphasic anaphylaxis secondary to multiple stings: adrenalin and/or a longer observation time could have saved the patient?
abstract: We report the case of an atopic male, 76 years old, with post-myocardial infarction ischaemic cardiopathy, arterial hypertension and a history of insect-sting induced large local reactions who died because of a biphasic anaphylaxis subsequent to multiple Vespid stings (about 15). Within approximately ten minutes after the stings he developed urticaria, extended erythema and hypotension (90/60 mmHg), measured by a family member. The objective physical examination by the emergency doctor at the patient's home revealed an orticarioid reaction and erythema of the back and neck, an unaffected respiratory apparatus and CNS, normal pupils, a pulse rate of 74, normal blood pressure ranging from 120/70 to 130/60 mmHg. The patient was administered antihistamine and corticosteroid through parenteral route. During the 45' observation period at the patient's home the urticaria subsided but not to completion. Approximately 40 minutes after the emergency doctor left, the urticaria reoccurred, angioedema of the neck and worsening asthenia developed. The patient died, despite attempts to resuscitate him by the emergency doctor that had been called out again. A post-mortem examination revealed generalised eodema of the lungs, brain, glottis, and bowels due to the severe characteristic systemic compromise of anaphylaxis. The Authors discuss whether an early use of adrenalin and/or a longer observation time could have saved the patient.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Rimini.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cortellini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corvetta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Almerigogna
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bilò
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D000799:Angioedema / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014581:Urticaria / Q000209:etiology; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D014862:Wasp Venoms; D004837:Epinephrine