title: Effect of heat in increasing the range of knee motion after the development of a joint contracture: an experiment with an animal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of 2 different heat modalities, infrared and ultrasonic therapy, on a knee flexion contracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo, experimental, controlled study involving a rat knee joint contracture model that was immobilized using a ligature in flexion for 40 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collegiate research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three adult male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  After remobilization, rats were assigned to 3 treatment groups: stretching only (S), stretching with infrared therapy (S+IR), and stretching with ultrasonic therapy (S+US). Six treatment sessions were given in 2 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The angle of maximum knee extension, wet-weight of triceps surae muscles, phase lag, and dynamic stiffness as mechanical responses were measured, and histologic study was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the S group, both the S+IR and S+US groups exhibited a significant increase in range of motion (ROM) (P=.021, P=.008, respectively) and a tendency to decrease the phase lag, but there was no significant difference between the 2 heat-combined groups. There were no differences in the weights of the triceps surae muscles and in dynamic stiffness among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six treatment sessions of stretching with infrared or ultrasound were more effective than stretching without heat at increasing the ROM and decreasing the phase lag of a moderately severe joint contracture. The clinical implementation of heat is advocated to regain a normal ROM and mechanical property when experiencing a joint contracture.
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Program of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Japan. usuba@k.tsukuba-tech.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usuba
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Shumpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeshima
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003286:Contracture / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007259:Infrared Rays / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000628:therapy*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy