title: Can nutraceuticals affect the structure of intestinal mucosa? Qualitative and quantitative microanatomy in L-glutamine diet-supplemented weaning piglets.
abstract: Weaning piglets were fed an L-glutamine-supplemented diet with the aim of monitoring the effects on gut mucosal turnover and barrier function, to elucidate the potential preventive or therapeutic roles of glutamine as a nutraceutical or 'functional food'. Sixteen female weaning piglets were divided into two groups, which were fed a control diet (Ctr group: n = 8) or a Ctr + 0.5% L-glutamine diet (G group: n = 8) for 28 days. In the ileum of group G piglets the villus height (V) and crypt depth (C) were increased, and the V:C ratio was decreased (p < 0.01). The PCNA and TUNEL immunoreactivities were also tested. The number of mitotic mucosal cells (M) was increased, and that of mucosal cells with apoptotic nuclei (A) decreased in such a way that the A:M index diminished (p < 0.01). The A:M index also decreased at the level of some components of the gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), thus indicating a positive effect on the gut barrier function. This trial showed that L: -glutamine supplementation influenced some morphofunctional characteristics of piglet ileal mucosa. These data corroborate the nutraceutical role of glutamine as a trophic agent for mucosal repair, improvement of barrier function and gut adaptation in the swine per se and as an animal model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Trentacoste 2, Milan, I-20134, Italy. cinzia.domeneghini@unimi.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domeneghini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Giancamillo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bosi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arrighi
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine