title: Inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation on collagen by rutin and its metabolites.
abstract: Several lines of evidence suggest that rutin, flavonoid in fruits and vegetables, or one of its metabolites may effectively modulate advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Following ingestion, rutin forms metabolites that include 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPAA), 3,4-dihydroxytoluene (3,4-DHT), m-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (m-HPAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid, HVA) and 3,5,7,3',5'-pentahydroxyflavonol (quercetin). We studied the effects of rutin and its metabolites on the formation of AGE biomarkers such as pentosidine, collagen-linked fluorescence, N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine (CML) adducts, glucose autoxidation and collagen glycation, using an in vitro model where collagen I was incubated with glucose. Rutin metabolites containing vicinyl dihydroxyl groups, i.e., 3,4-DHT, 3,4-DHPAA and quercetin, inhibited the formation of pentosidine and fluorescent adducts, glucose autoxidation and glycation of collagen I in a dose-dependent manner, whereas non-vicinyl dihydroxyl group-containing metabolites, i.e., HVA and m-HPAA, were much less effective. All five metabolites of rutin effectively inhibited CML formation. In contrast, during the initial stages of glycation and fluorescent AGE product accumulation, only vicinyl hydroxyl group-containing rutin metabolites were effective. These studies demonstrate that rutin and circulating metabolites of rutin can inhibit early glycation product formation, including both fluorescent and nonfluorescent AGEs induced by glucose glycation of collagen I in vitro. These effects likely contribute to the beneficial health effects associated with rutin consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA. daniel.cervantes@sdstate.edu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cervantes-Laurean
authors.forename: Derek D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Elaine L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Ihab
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Halaweish
authors.forename: Geza G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Bruckner
authors.forename: Gilbert A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Boissonneault
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry; D005453:Fluorescence; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012431:Rutin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D012431:Rutin; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D003094:Collagen; D001120:Arginine; C062187:pentosidine; D005947:Glucose; D008239:Lysine