title: Cephalometric norms for saudi adults living in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
abstract: European-American norms are still used in the orthodontic treatment of Saudi patients, despite the different ethnic backgrounds of Saudis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric features of a Saudi population and to establish cephalometric norms for Saudis living in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Seventy lateral cephalometric radiographs of Saudis (32 females and 38 males; aged 18-28 years) with acceptable profiles and Class I dental relationships were traced and analyzed. The mean value, standard deviation, and range of 16 angular and linear variables were calculated. The resulting norms for Saudis were compared with European-American norms using an independent t-test. Male and female groups were also compared using the t-test. Saudis tend to have an increased ANB angle because of retrognathic mandibles and bimaxillary protrusion as compared with European-Americans. Males tend to have more prognathic mandibles than females as indicated by the statistically significant increase in facial angle (P < .05) and SNB angle (P < .05). Although the anterior lower face height was similar in males and females, males tend to have a steeper mandibular plane angle when related to the anterior cranial base than females (P < .05). Saudis have distinct cephalometric features, which should be used as a reference in treating Saudi orthodontic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. aliresearch@gawab.com
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000592:standards*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011378:Prognathism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology