title: Therapeutic options for chronic hepatitis B: considerations and controversies.
abstract: Five agents are currently approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. This article will discuss the three agents for which the most extensive data are available; interferon (IFN), lamivudine, and adefovir, while the following article by Dr. Jules Dienstag will discuss the recently marketed agents, entecavir and peginterferon alfa-2a. The advantages of IFN are its finite duration of therapy (4-6 months), lack of emergence of resistance, and durability of response. On the negative side, response to IFN is less durable in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). Also, use of IFN is limited by adverse effects and the mode of administration (daily to thrice-weekly subcutaneous injection). Lamivudine and adefovir are orally administered and have good tolerability and safety. Even in patients who experience a marked decrease in serum HBV DNA and loss of HBeAg, oral therapy needs to be continued for at least 6 months, to avoid the risk of reappearance of HBeAg and viremia. Rates of HBeAg seroconversion to anti-HBe-positivity increase with duration of lamivudine or adefovir therapy. The likelihood of development of resistance to lamivudine and associated viral breakthrough limits its long-term use. In patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, long-term therapy is usually required, as off-treatment relapse is common. The emergence of resistance to adefovir is delayed and infrequent, hence adefovir may be preferred in patients requiring long-term therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Ira M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D003657:Decision Making; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens; D063065:Organophosphonates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; C053001:adefovir; D007372:Interferons; D000225:Adenine