title: Mortality benefit of a comprehensive heart failure disease management program in indigent patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure (HF) produces significant morbidity and mortality. Although HF disease management (HFDM) programs have been shown to decrease this morbidity, there is still a paucity of data on their effect on mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether participation in an HFDM program would reduce mortality in an indigent population from rural Louisiana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportional hazards modeling was used to determine whether patients participating in the HFDM program had improved survival compared with patients receiving traditional outpatient care at the same institution. Inclusion criteria consisted of an index hospitalization with discharge occurring between July 1, 1997, and May 30, 2002, hospital discharge diagnosis of HF, left ventricular systolic dysfunction documented during hospitalization, and at least 1 subsequent outpatient visit. Data from patients having participated in the HFDM program before their index hospitalization were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with patients who were given traditional care (n = 100), HFDM patients (n = 156) were younger (56.7 vs 60 years, P = .031), more likely to be African American (48.7% vs 33.0%, P = .014), more likely to be uninsured (47.4% vs 27%, P = .001), and more likely to have an ejection fraction of < or = 25% (73.1% vs 36%, P < .001). Overall comorbidity did not differ significantly between the groups. After controlling for differences in demographics, ejection fraction, and comorbidities, participation in the HFDM program was associated with a significant reduction in mortality compared with traditional care (adjusted hazard ratio .33, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this indigent population, participation in an HFDM program was associated with decreased mortality compared with traditional follow-up care.
authors.affiliation: Leonard J. Chabert Medical Center, Houma, LA, USA. khebe3@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Kathy A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hebert
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Horswell
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dy
authors.forename: Ira J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Frederick P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cerise
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Arcement
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors