Community assessment of availability, consumption, and cultural acceptability of food sources of (pro)vitamin A: toward the development of a dietary intervention among preschool children in rural Burkina Faso.
BACKGROUND
Vitamin A deficiency remains a public health problem in Burkina Faso and elsewhere in the developing world. Dietary diversification is a promising strategy that needs to be explored to strengthen the country's ongoing supplementation program.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to identify locally available and acceptable (pro)vitamin A-rich foods to be included in a dietary intervention addressing vitamin A deficiency in children aged six months to three years.


METHODS
A food ethnographic study combining recall methods, observation, and focused group discussion was conducted in the dry and rainy seasons. Thirty-five mother-child pairs were randomly selected and included in the study.


RESULTS
The dietary pattern of children was characterized by low diversity with extremely low energy and vitamin A intake in both seasons. The study identified the availability of numerous (pro)vitamin A-rich foods, but these foods are either not consumed or consumed by few in low amounts and/or in low frequencies. The main constraining factors identified are related to financial accessibility (for liver), seasonal availability (for egg, milk, mango, papaya, and green leafy vegetables), and beliefs related to consumption and preparation (for green leafy vegetables). However, the study also revealed that the study population associated all identified (pro)vitamin A-rich foods with positive attributes such as health, strength, and vitamin richness, which might offer an entry point for designing and implementing dietary interventions.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of this formative research, intervention strategies with mango and liver are proposed to improve the vitamin A intake and status of children in the rural areas of Burkina Faso.
Nana
Constance P
CP
Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles, Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Brouwer
Inge D
ID
Zagré
Noel-Marie
NM
Kok
Frans J
FJ
Traoré
Alfred S
AS
D000886:Anthropometry; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000145:classification*; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011634:Public Health; D012621:Seasons; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*
D014801:Vitamin A