The Lund concept: is this logical?
The optimal therapy of sustained increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) is still controversial. The "Lund concept" is based on the physiological volume regulation of the intracranial compartments. In addition to its other functions the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the most important regulator of brain volume. Water exchange across the intact BBB is counteracted by the low permeability to crystalloids (mainly Na+ and Cl-) combined with the high osmotic pressure (5,700 mmHg) on both sides of the BBB. If the BBB is disrupted transcapillary water transport will be determined by the differences in hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure between the intra- and extracapillary compartments. Under pathological conditions pressure autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is often impaired and intracapillary hydrostatic pressure will depend on variations in systemic blood pressure. The "Lund concept" can be summarized in four paragraphs: I. Reduction of stress response and cerebral energy metabolism; II. Reduction of capillary hydrostatic pressure; III. Maintenance of colloid osmotic pressure and control of fluid balance; IV. Reduction of cerebral blood volume. The efficacy of the treatment protocol has been evaluated in experimental and clinical studies regarding the physiological and biochemical (utilizing intracerebral microdialysis) effects. The clinical experiences have been favourable.
Nordström
C H
CH
Department of Neurosurgery, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. carl-henrik.nordstrom@neurokir.lu.se
D000818:Animals; D001810:Blood Volume; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008954:Models, Biological; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance