title: Adding gemcitabine to paclitaxel/carboplatin combination increases survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: results of a phase II-III study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) is one of the reference combinations in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). No triplet novel agent combination has until now shown superiority over a two-drug combination for advanced NSCLC. We therefore conducted a clinical trial to test if paclitaxel/carboplatin/gemcitabine (PCG) increases overall survival (OS) and response rate (RR) over PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stage IIIB patients not suitable for radical radiation treatment and stage IV chemotherapy-naive patients with measurable disease and performance status of 0 to 2 were randomly assigned to PC arm (paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve 6 day 1/q21 days) or the PCG arm (paclitaxel 200 mg/m(2) and carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve 6 day 1, and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 days 1 and 8 every 21 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 324 patients were randomly assigned to the two arms. The RR for PC arm and PCG arm were 20.2% and 43.6% [corrected] (P < .0001). The median time to the progression was 5.1 months in the PC group and 7.6 months in the PCG group (P = .012; hazard ratio [HR] 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.72). Median OS was 8.3 months and 10.8 months (P = .032; HR 1.309; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.67) in favor of the PCG arm. One-year survival was 34% (PC arm) and 45% (PCG arm; P = .032). Only hematologic toxicity (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia) was significantly increased in the PCG arm and the experimental arm required more platelet and red blood cell transfusions, and more granulocyte colony-stimulating factor usage. No toxic/early deaths were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCG regimen offers a significant survival advantage over PC in advanced NSCLC, making PCG a treatment option for advanced NSCLC patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, SS Giovanni and Paolo Hospital, Venezia, Italy. adriano.paccagnella@ulss12.ve.it
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paccagnella
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oniga
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bearz
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Favaretto
authors.forename: Maurizia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clerici
authors.forename: Fausto
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riccardi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chella
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tirelli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceresoli
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tumolo
authors.forename: Ruggero
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ridolfi
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biason
authors.forename: Maria Ornella
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Nicoletto
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belloni
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veglia
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D000093542:Gemcitabine