title: Single-blind randomized trial of combination antibiotic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the potential clinical efficacy of combination antibiotic therapy in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with active RA despite second-line treatment were randomized to receive either combination antibiotic therapy (treatment group, n = 11) or no additional therapy (control group, n = 10). Antibiotic therapy was given for 12 months and comprised oral tetracycline 250 mg twice daily, 3 times per week, and intravenous clindamycin infused on 5 consecutive days (300, 300, 600, 600, and 900 mg) followed by weekly infusions of 900 mg for 3 weeks and then fortnightly infusions for the remainder of the 12 months. The primary outcome measure was the American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response at the end of the initial treatment period of 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients in the treatment group (45%) achieved an ACR20 response at 1 year compared to none in the control group (p = 0.04). Eight patients in the treatment group and 1 in the control group had a greater than 20% improvement in tender joint count (p = 0.008). There were also significant differences between the groups in physician and patient global assessments. Nine patients in the treatment group completed the 6 months' followup; of these, 3 sustained the ACR20 response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined antibiotic therapy with intravenous clindamycin and oral tetracycline may be useful in the management of active RA. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of therapy is justified.
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Luke L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gompels
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soon-Shiong
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doré
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mackworth-Young
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002981:Clindamycin; D002751:Chlortetracycline