title: Animal-specific positioning molds for registration of repeat imaging studies: comparative microPET imaging of F18-labeled fluoro-deoxyglucose and fluoro-misonidazole in rodent tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comparative imaging of multiple radiotracers in the same animal can be invaluable in elucidating and validating their respective mechanisms of localization. Comparative imaging of PET tracers, particularly in small animals, is problematic, however: such tracers must be administered and imaged separately because simultaneously imaged positron emitters cannot be separated based on energy discrimination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As part of our ongoing development of hypoxia imaging radiotracers, the intratumoral distributions of sequentially administered F18-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) and the hypoxia tracer F18-fluoromisonidazole (FMiso) were compared in rats by registered microPET imaging with positioning of each animal in a custom-fabricated whole-body mold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nude rats with a hindlimb R3327-AT anaplastic rat prostate tumor xenograft and a hindlimb FaDu human squamous cell carcinoma (each up to 20 x 20 x 30 mm in size) were studied. Rapid-Foam (Soule Medical, Lutz, FL) was used to fabricate animal-specific molds for immobilization and reproducible positioning. Each rat was injected via the tail vein with approximately 33 MBq (900 microCi) of FDG and imaged in its mold at 1 h postinjection (pi) on the microPET. The next day, each rat was injected with approximately 22 MBq (600 microCi) of FMiso and positioned and imaged in its mold at approximately 2 h pi. Custom-manufactured germanium-68 rods (10 microCi each, 1 x 10 mm) were reproducibly positioned in the mold as fiduciary markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The registered microPET images unambiguously demonstrated grossly similar though not identical distributions of FDG and FMiso in the tumors - a high-activity rim surrounding a lower-activity core. There were subtle but possibly significant differences in the intratumoral distributions of FDG and FMiso, however. These may not have been discerned without careful image registration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animal-specific molds are inexpensive and straightforward to fabricate and use for registration (+/-1 to 2 mm) of sequential PET images and may aid image interpretation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. zanzonip@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zanzonico
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campa
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Polycarpe-Holman
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Humm
authors.forename: Clifton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008920:Misonidazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000662:veterinary; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C031843:fluoromisonidazole; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D008920:Misonidazole