title: Fish population and behavior revealed by instantaneous continental shelf-scale imaging.
abstract: Until now, continental shelf environments have been monitored with highly localized line-transect methods from slow-moving research vessels. These methods significantly undersample fish populations in time and space, leaving an incomplete and ambiguous record of abundance and behavior. We show that fish populations in continental shelf environments can be instantaneously imaged over thousands of square kilometers and continuously monitored by a remote sensing technique in which the ocean acts as an acoustic waveguide. The technique has revealed the instantaneous horizontal structural characteristics and volatile short-term behavior of very large fish shoals, containing tens of millions of fish and stretching for many kilometers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Ocean Science and Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. makris@mit.edu
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: Purnima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ratilal
authors.forename: Deanelle T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Symonds
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jagannathan
authors.forename: Sunwoong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Redwood W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Nero
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D017753:Ecosystem; D005399:Fishes; D009791:Oceanography; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012623:Seawater; D013995:Time