title: Severe gynecomastia in an African boy with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) slows the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and lowers mortality and morbidity in children. Coincident with these advances, an increasing number of side effects are being reported. We describe an adolescent boy with perinatally acquired HIV infection who developed significant bilateral breast enlargement as a result of HAART. He required bilateral mastectomies. Pediatricians need to be aware of less common side effects of HAART.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Infectious Diseases Unit, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dzwonek
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clapson
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Withey
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Vas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Novelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044383:Black People; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000601:surgery; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D008408:Mastectomy