title: Relationship of bispectral index values, haemodynamic changes and recovery times during sevoflurane or propofol anaesthesia in rabbits.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine and compare the degree of hypnosis achieved during propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia in rabbits using bispectral index (BIS), and to evaluate its usefulness as a predictor of both haemodynamic changes during anaesthesia and recovery times. Twenty adult male New Zealand White rabbits, average weight 4.4 +/- 0.4 kg, were used for this study. Animals were randomly allocated to one of two groups with 10 rabbits/group. An electroencephalographic recording was obtained from each conscious rabbit prior to drug administration. All animals received buprenorphine as a preanaesthetic medication (0.05 mg/kg, intravenous [i.v.]). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (8 mg/kg, i.v.) in all animals; 10 rabbits were maintained with sevoflurane via inhalation (1 minimum alveolar concentration--end-tidal sevoflurane concentration of 3.7%--at a fresh gas flow rate of 3 L/min; group I), and 10 were maintained with i.v. propofol (0.6 mg/kg/min; group II). The rabbits were orotracheally intubated and spontaneous ventilation was maintained throughout the study (100% oxygen). After abdominal surgery through a ventral midline laparotomy, rabbits were allowed to recover from anaesthesia. Cardiovascular variables and BIS values were recorded at intervals throughout the procedure, as was the duration of recovery from anaesthesia. In both groups, mean BIS values were significantly decreased immediately after induction, compared with baseline values obtained during consciousness. Anaesthetic depth (evaluated by clinical observation) was similar in both groups; however, group II rabbits had significantly higher (P<0.001) BIS values from 30 s before incision until anaesthesia was discontinued. There was no significant difference in BIS recorded 1 and 5 min after incision as compared with values obtained 30 s before incision in either group. During sevoflurane or propofol administration, correlations were found between BIS values and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and between BIS values and heart rate (HR). Mean BIS values at discontinuation of administration of the anaesthetic agent were greater in group II (69.1 +/- 6.0) than in group I (49.3 +/- 2.2). However, recovery from anaesthesia was significantly longer in group II (38.4 +/- 7.2 min) than in group I (11.5 +/- 2.5 min). In conclusion, BIS can be used to differentiate between conscious and unconscious states during anaesthesia in rabbits. BIS values derived from an electroencephalogram at the end of anaesthesia were not useful for predicting the speed of anaesthetic recovery in sevoflurane or propofol-anaesthetized rabbits undergoing abdominal surgery. Despite the correlation found between BIS and haemodynamic parameters, its usefulness as a predictor of clinically important changes in arterial blood pressure and HR in anaesthetized rabbits was limited.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain. mmartinc@ccmi.es
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Martín-Cancho
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crisóstomo
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Jiménez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usón-Gargallo
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006991:Hypnosis, Anesthetic / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D015742:Propofol