Trihalomethanes formation potential of shrimp farm effluents.
Shrimp farm effluents along the Bangpakong River in the Chachoengsao Province of Thailand were evaluated for their trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and related parameters. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), salinity and bromide ion concentrations of shrimp farm effluents were in the ranges of 12-14 mg/L, 0.1-14.5 ppt, and 0-14 mg/L, respectively. The dissolved organic matter was fractionated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions having a range concentration of 3-5 and 8-10mg/L, respectively. The THMFP for all shrimp farm effluents analyzed was in the range of 810-3100 microg/L. The hydrophilic organic fraction was found to be a more active precursor of trihalomethanes (THMs) with 700-966 microg/L THMFP obtained from this fraction, while only 111-363 microg/L THMFP was derived from the hydrophobic fraction. The experimental results showed that salinity and bromide played crucial roles in the formation of THMs. At low salinity and bromide levels, chloroform was the dominant THM species, whereas at high salinity and bromide levels, bromoform became the dominant species. A Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum analysis of the samples before and after chlorination illustrated that the functional groups involved in the THM formation reaction were phenolic compounds, amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic bromo-compounds, and aliphatic chloro-compounds.
Marhaba
Taha F
TF
Department of Civil Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Applied Water Research Center, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102-1982, USA. Marhaba@adm.njit.edu
Mangmeechai
Aweewan
A
Chaiwatpongsakorn
Chaichana
C
Pavasant
Prasert
P
D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001965:Bromides; D003445:Crustacea; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
D001965:Bromides; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D012965:Sodium Chloride