title: The MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale: concordance and specificity of true and estimated scores.
abstract: A number of recent studies have supported the use of the MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale (FBS) as a measure of negative response bias, the scale at times demonstrating greater sensitivity to negative response bias than other MMPI-2 validity scales. However, clinicians may not always have access to True FBS (T-FBS) scores, such as when True-False answer sheets are unavailable or published research studies do not report FBS raw scores. Under these conditions, Larrabee (2003a) suggests a linear regression formula that provides estimated FBS (E-FBS) scores derived from weighted validity and clinical T-Scores. The present study intended to validate this regression formula of MMPI-2 E-FBS scores and demonstrate its specificity in a sample of non-litigating, clinically referred, medically intractable epilepsy patients. We predicted that the E-FBS scores would correlate highly (>.70) with the T-FBS scores, that the E-FBS would show comparable correlations with MMPI-2 validity and clinical scales relative to the T-FBS, and that the E-FBS would show an adequate ability to match T-FBS scores using a variety of previously suggested T-FBS raw score cutoffs. Overall, E-FBS scores correlated very highly with T-FBS scores (r = .78, p < .0001), though correlations were especially high for women (r = .85, p < .0001) compared to men (r = .62, p < .001). Thirty-one of 32 (96.9%) comparisons made between E-FBS/T-FBS correlates with other MMPI-2 scales were nonsignificant. When matching to T-FBS "high" and "low" scores, the E-FBS scores demonstrated the highest hit rate (92.5%) through use of Lees-Haley's (1992) revised cutoffs for men and women. These same cutoffs resulted in excellent overall specificity for both the T-FBS scores (92.5%) and E-FBS scores (90.6%). The authors conclude that the E-FBS represents an adequate estimate of T-FBS scores in the current epilepsy sample. Use of E-FBS scores may be especially useful when clinicians conduct the MMPI-2 short form, which does not include all of the 43 FBS items but does include enough items to compute each of the validity and clinical T-Scores. Future studies should examine E-FBS sensitivity in compensation-seekers with incomplete effort.
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA. nathanielnelson@rush.edu
authors.forename: Nathaniel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Grote
authors.forename: Clifford A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sisung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015982:Bias; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors