title: Trauma exposure in pre-school children in a war zone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been little reported research into the effect of war on the behaviour and emotional well-being of pre-school children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between exposure to war trauma and behavioural and emotional problems among pre-school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 309 children aged 3-6 years were selected from kindergartens in the Gaza Strip, and were assessed by parental reports in regard to their exposure to war trauma, using the Gaza Traumatic Checklist, and their behavioural and emotional problems, using the Behaviour Checklist (BCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-school children were exposed to a wide range of traumatic events. The total number of traumatic events independently predicted total BCL and SDQ scores. Exposure to day raids and shelling of the children's houses by tanks were significantly associated with total behavioural and emotional problems scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct and non-direct exposure to war trauma increases the risk of behavioural and emotional problems among pre-school children, which may present as non-specific psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Leicester, Institute of Child Health, Westcotes House, Westcotes Drive, Leicester LE2 0QU, UK.
authors.forename: Abel Aziz Mousa
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thabet
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vostanis
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008877:Middle East; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health; D014754:Violence; D014857:Warfare