title: The feasibility of early hospital discharge with oral antimicrobial therapy in low risk patients with febrile neutropenia following chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is now evident that patients experiencing febrile neutropenia induced by chemotherapy do not constitute a homogeneous group. With increasing accuracy it is now possible to identify low-risk patients for whom less intensive and more convenient treatment may be appropriate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of such patients with hematologic malignancies, we prospectively validated the usefulness of the risk-index of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) in identifying patients at low risk for the development of serious medical complications. Moreover, we studied the feasibility and safety of early discharge of these low-risk patients 24 hours after fever defervescence with subsequent oral antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 279 episodes of febrile neutropenia included, 105 (38%) had a MASCC risk-index score indicating low risk. Serious complications were reported in connection with 111 (63%) high-risk and 16 (15%) low-risk episodes (p<0.0001). The risk-index identified low-risk patients with a specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value of 87%, 58%, and 84%, respectively. A substantial proportion of the low-risk patients (36%) were considered ineligible for oral therapy, while the remaining 67 (64%) received oral antibiotic treatment following discharge from the hospital 24 hours after defervescence. Upon final evaluation, 64 of the discharged patients (95%) remained afebrile, only three required readmission and there was no mortality in this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MASCC risk-index is a valuable tool for identifying febrile neutropenic patients at low risk for complications. Oral antibiotic treatment following discharge from the hospital 24 hours after defervescence offers a safe and cost-effective alternative to the conventional management of carefully selected low-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. honar.cherif@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Honar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cherif
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Björkholm
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalin
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents