title: Ghrelin has partial or no effect on appetite, growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol release in patients with anorexia nervosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by self-induced starvation. Gastric hormone ghrelin, potent orexigen, and natural GH secretagogue are increased in AN. Although exogenous ghrelin stimulates appetite, GH, prolactin, and cortisol release in humans, its effects have not been studied, during infusions, in AN patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine the effects of ghrelin on appetite, sleepiness, and neuroendocrine responses in AN patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an acute interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based at a hospital. Investigated
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five young women, including nine patients diagnosed with AN with very low body weight, six AN patients who partially recovered their body weight but were still amenorrheic, and 10 constitutionally thin female subjects, without history of eating disorder, weight loss, with regular menstrual cycles, were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient received 300-min iv infusion of ghrelin 5 pmol/kg.min and was asked to complete Visual Analog Scale questionnaires hourly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual Analog Scale scores for appetite and sleepiness, GH, prolactin, and cortisol responses were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, AN patients had significantly higher ghrelin, GH, and cortisol levels and significantly lower leptin than constitutionally thin subjects. GH responses to ghrelin infusion were blunted in patients with AN. Ghrelin administration did not significantly affect appetite but tended to increase sleepiness in AN patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ghrelin is unlikely to be effective as a single appetite stimulatory treatment for patients with AN. Our results suggest that AN patients are less sensitive to ghrelin in terms of GH response and appetite than healthy controls. Ghrelin effects on sleep need further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miljic
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pekic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djurovic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doknic
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Milic
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Casanueva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Popovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology*; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D006854:Hydrocortisone