title: In vitro simulation of therapeutic thrombolysis with microtiter plate clot-lysis assay.
abstract: Only limited comparable data are available on the clot lysis power of the clinically used plasminogen activators (PA). Here the PA were used at different clinically relevant concentrations, and the lysis of the microclots was determined. A microclot lysis assay was used to study thrombolysis by urokinase, tissue-PA (t-PA), streptokinase, plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex (PSAC), reteplase, or tenecteplase. The clot turbidity served as a tool to determine clot mass: 100 microL fresh microclots were incubated with 25 microL PA in 6% bovine serum albumin (BSA)-phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 100 microL BSA-PBS or pooled normal human plasma; that is, the PA were in the liquid supernatant of a plasma clot and were not entrapped in the clot, an assay system comparable to normal physiology. The turbidity was determined after 0 to 5 hours (37 degrees C) by a microtiter plate reader. The lysable clot turbidity (clot mass) was expressed in percent of 100% lysable clot control. The clot lysis activity is 100% minus the clot mass in percent. The effective doses at 50% (ED(50)) of lysis of fresh clots after 4 hours (37 degrees C) with 6% BSA or pooled normal human plasma in the clot-supernatant were urokinase 128 or 180 IU/mL; t-PA 0.3 or 0.2 microg/mL; streptokinase 215 or 1371 IU/mL; PSAC 60 or 91 U/mL; reteplase 664 or 996 U/mL; tenecteplase 0.2 or 0.2 microg/mL. The presence of a plasma thrombus with plasma supernatant increases the activity of t-PA approximately 20-fold and that of tenecteplase approximately 400-fold after 4 hours (37 degrees C), when compared to urokinase; in contrast, the lytic activity induced by reteplase decreases; i.e., the plasmin generated by reteplase is hampered on its lytic action against a thrombus. When comparing the clot lysability of microclots of 29 different donors, the only correlation (r > 0.6) was that between u-PA and t-PA. The lysability of individual clots by PA can be measured with the present routine-suited technique. It is suggested that different thrombolytic agents or concentrations thereof would have a different clinical outcome in different individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. thstief@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Stief
mesh_terms: D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077785:Tenecteplase; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C087896:reteplase; D013300:Streptokinase; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D000077785:Tenecteplase