title: Effects of N-acetylcysteine on radiocontrast nephropathy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has yielded some promising results recently in the prevention of radiocontrast nephropathy (RCN). In this study, the structural and functional effects of NAC on RCN were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomized into four groups, as follows: Group 1, controls; Group 2, contrast; Group 3, contrast+NAC; and Group 4, NAC. All rats were deprived of water for 24 h and then contrast medium (ioxoglate; 10 ml/kg) was administered to Groups 2 and 3. NAC (50 mg/kg) was introduced enterally to Groups 3 and 4 at a dose of 50 mg/kg in 0.5 ml of distilled water, in four sequential doses 12h apart, starting after 12?h of water deprivation. After 4 days, rats were sacrificed. Creatinine clearance was calculated. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was quantified in tissue samples. Slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff were examined by means of light microscopy. Each tubular cross-section from all images was scored as either mild (preserved brush border, no necrosis), moderate (loss of brush border, no necrosis) or severe (loss of brush border accompanied by necrosis) and the frequencies of these lesion severities were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline serum creatinine levels and creatinine clearances were similar in all groups. Mean serum creatinine level increased significantly only in Group 2 (0.6+/-0.1 vs 0.7+/-0.2 mg/dl; p<0.05). Tissue MDA levels were similar in all groups. Moderate (13.8%+/-1.5% vs 42%+/-1.4%; p<0.05) and severe (0% vs 40%+/-2.1%; p<0.05) lesions were significantly more frequent in Group 2 compared to Group 1. The frequency of severe lesions in Group 3 was found to be halved compared to that in Group 1 (40%+/-2.1% vs 20.2%+/-0.86%; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAC protects the kidneys following exposure to contrast medium as it decreased the severity of tubular lesions in rats.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Unit, Dokuz Eylul University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. yyenicerioglu@adu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yenicerioglu
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Sulen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarioglu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ormen
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akan
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Camsari
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D011336:Probability; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D000111:Acetylcysteine