title: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, HPA-axis and sleep-EEG changes in unmedicated patients with depression after total sleep deprivation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes in the activity of the renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in depression have recently been reported. Renin and aldosterone secretion are coupled to sleep in healthy subjects. As total sleep deprivation (TSD) leads to a rapid mood improvement in patients with depression, it is of interest to investigate its effect on the response of the RAAS in the recovery night in this population as a possible probe for the neurobiological effects of TSD and potentially other rapid acting antidepressive interventions. Additionally we explored the HPA-system and the sleep-EEG-changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the sleep related activity of the RAAS before and after TSD in seven depressed patients. After an accommodation night, a polysomnographic examination was performed between 23.00 h and 7.00 h. This was followed by 40 h of TSD and a second polysomnography. During the examination blood samples were taken in the night every 20 min for analysis of renin, aldosterone, ACTH and cortisol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During recovery-sleep renin was significantly increased (p < 0.05). Aldosterone showed no change. ACTH and cortisol were decreased by trend in the first half of the night. REM-density and intermittent wakefulness was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas slow wave sleep increased by trend in the first half of the night.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TSD in patients with depression leads to an increase in renin secretion and a concomitant trend for a decrease in HPA axis activity in the recovery night. These changes could be a "fingerprint" of a rapidly antidepressive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegenbein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Künzel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Held
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Antonijevic
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schüssler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiger
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000502:physiology*; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D000450:Aldosterone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D012083:Renin; D006854:Hydrocortisone