title: Farnesyl-transferase inhibitor R115,777 enhances tamoxifen inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth through estrogen receptor dependent and independent pathways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously shown that FTI-277, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI), enhances the efficacy of tamoxifen (Tam) in inhibiting the proliferation of the estrogen dependent MCF-7 cell line. As the cellular response to Tam is the result of an inhibition of both estrogen receptor-dependent and -independent pathways, we have used the estrogen receptor selective anti-estrogen ICI182,780 and N-pyrrolidine(-phenylmethyl-phenoxy)-ethanamine-HCl (PBPE), a selective ligand of anti-estrogen binding site (AEBS), to dissect out the mechanism(s) associated with the observed additivity resulting from combination treatment with FTI-277 and Tam. Moreover, for these studies, FTI-277 has been replaced by R115,777, a FTI currently in phase III clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The quantitative sulphorhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay was used to determine the growth inhibitory effect of agents on MCF-7 cells. Dose response interactions between R115,777-Tam, R115,777-ICI182,780 and R115,777-PBPE were evaluated, at the IC50 point, using the isobologram method. Apoptotic cell death (DNA fragmentation, nucleus condensation and cytokeratin 18 cleavage) and inhibition of the mevalonate pathway (western blot) were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combinations of the specific FTI R115,777 with either ICI182,780 or PBPE exhibit a synergistic effect on MCF-7 cell growth inhibition, while its combination with Tam is additive, as previously reported for FTI-277. Apoptosis is detected after treatment with combinations of R115,777 with either Tam or PBPE but not with ICI182,780, suggesting that each combination inhibits cell proliferation by different mechanisms. Even though the ER pathway has not yet been deciphered, it is shown here that the AEBS pathway is able to interfere with the mevalonate pathway at the level of protein farnesylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, this work reveals that combinations of R115,777 with either selective ER ligands or a selective AEBS ligand are able to induce large increases in their anti-proliferative activities on MCF-7 cells. Moreover, these results suggest that it may be of definite interest to evaluate combinations of R115,777 with different anti-estrogens in the treatment of ER positive breast tumours. Based on these experimental data, such combinations may prove beneficial in different clinical scenarios or when used in specific sequences; studying the combination of R115,777 with ICI182,780 for early treatment and reserving combinations with either Tam or a selective AEBS ligand, such as BMS-217380-01, for more resistant disease.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U563, CPTP, Département Innovation Thérapeutique et Oncologie Moléculaire, Toulouse F-31052, France. dalenc@icr.fnclcc.fr
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dalenc
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giamarchi
authors.forename: Mélissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poirot
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Favre
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Faye
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D015363:Quinolones; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen; C402769:tipifarnib