title: Biosynthesis of a natural polyketide-isoprenoid hybrid compound, furaquinocin A: identification and heterologous expression of the gene cluster.
abstract: Furaquinocin (FQ) A, produced by Streptomyces sp. strain KO-3988, is a natural polyketide-isoprenoid hybrid compound that exhibits a potent antitumor activity. As a first step toward understanding the biosynthetic machinery of this unique and pharmaceutically useful compound, we have cloned an FQ A biosynthetic gene cluster by taking advantage of the fact that an isoprenoid biosynthetic gene cluster generally exists in flanking regions of the mevalonate (MV) pathway gene cluster in actinomycetes. Interestingly, Streptomyces sp. strain KO-3988 was the first example of a microorganism equipped with two distinct mevalonate pathway gene clusters. We were able to localize a 25-kb DNA region that harbored FQ A biosynthetic genes (fur genes) in both the upstream and downstream regions of one of the MV pathway gene clusters (MV2) by using heterologous expression in Streptomyces lividans TK23. This was the first example of a gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of a polyketide-isoprenoid hybrid compound. We have also confirmed that four genes responsible for viguiepinol [3-hydroxypimara-9(11),15-diene] biosynthesis exist in the upstream region of the other MV pathway gene cluster (MV1), which had previously been cloned from strain KO-3988. This was the first example of prokaryotic enzymes with these biosynthetic functions. By phylogenetic analysis, these two MV pathway clusters were identified as probably being independently distributed in strain KO-3988 (orthologs), rather than one cluster being generated by the duplication of the other cluster (paralogs).
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzuyama
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furihata
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dairi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015870:Gene Expression; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D018942:Macrolides; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D018942:Macrolides; C063723:furaquinocin A; D008798:Mevalonic Acid