title: Beta-sheet folding mechanisms from perturbation energetics.
abstract: Amide backbone and sidechain mutagenesis data can be used in combination with kinetic and thermodynamic measurements to understand the energetic contributions of backbone hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect to the acquisition of beta-sheet structure. For example, it has been revealed that loop 1 of the WW domain forms in the transition state, consistent with the emerging theme that reverse turn formation is rate limiting in beta-sheet folding. A distinct subset of WW domain residues principally influences thermodynamic stability by forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions that stabilize the native state. Energetic data and sequence mining reveal that only a small subset of the molecular information contained in sequences or observed in high-resolution structures is required to generate folded functional beta-sheets, consistent with evolutionary robustness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Songpon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deechongkit
authors.forename: Houbi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Evan T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gruebele
authors.forename: Jeffery W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary / Q000502:physiology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013816:Thermodynamics