title: MYC-containing double minutes in hematologic malignancies: evidence in favor of the episome model and exclusion of MYC as the target gene.
abstract: Double minutes (dmin)-circular, extra-chromosomal amplifications of specific acentric DNA fragments-are relatively frequent in malignant disorders, particularly in solid tumors. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), dmin are observed in approximately 1% of the cases. Most of them consist of an amplified segment from chromosome band 8q24, always including the MYC gene. Besides this information, little is known about their internal structure. We have characterized in detail the genomic organization of 32 AML and two MDS cases with MYC-containing dmin. The minimally amplified region was shown to be 4.26 Mb in size, harboring five known genes, with the proximal and the distal amplicon breakpoints clustering in two regions of approximately 500 and 600 kb, respectively. Interestingly, in 23 (68%) of the studied cases, the amplified region was deleted in one of the chromosome 8 homologs at 8q24, suggesting excision of a DNA segment from the original chromosomal location according to the 'episome model'. In one case, sequencing of both the dmin and del(8q) junctions was achieved and provided definitive evidence in favor of the episome model for the formation of dmin. Expression status of the TRIB1 and MYC genes, encompassed by the minimally amplified region, was assessed by northern blot analysis. The TRIB1 gene was found over-expressed in only a subset of the AML/MDS cases, whereas MYC, contrary to expectations, was always silent. The present study, therefore, strongly suggests that MYC is not the target gene of the 8q24 amplifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Clelia Tiziana
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Storlazzi
authors.forename: Thoas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fioretos
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Surace
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lonoce
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mastrorilli
authors.forename: Bodil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strömbeck
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Addabbo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iacovelli
authors.forename: Crescenzio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Minervini
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aventin
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dastugue
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fonatsch
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagemeijer
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jotterand
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mühlematter
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafage-Pochitaloff
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nguyen-Khac
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schoch
authors.forename: Marilyn L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Slovak
authors.forename: Arabella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Solè
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Roy
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / Q000235:genetics; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018390:Gene Targeting; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C489427:MYC protein, human; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; C493170:TRIB1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases