title: Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism in women with bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preliminary evidence suggests that valproate is associated with isolated features of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), while contradictory data support an association between epilepsy and PCOS. The development of PCOS features after initiation of valproate was therefore examined in women with bipolar disorder using a standardized definition of PCOS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred women 18 to 45 years old with bipolar disorder were evaluated for PCOS at 16 Systematic Treatment Enhancement for Bipolar Disorder sites. A comparison was made between the incidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, male-pattern alopecia, elevated androgens) with oligoamenorrhea that developed while taking valproate versus other anticonvulsants (lamotrigine, topiramate, gabapentin, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine) and lithium. Medication and menstrual cycle histories were obtained, and hyperandrogenism was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 230 women who could be evaluated, oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism developed in 9 (10.5%) of 86 women on valproate and in 2 (1.4%) of 144 women on a nonvalproate anticonvulsant or lithium (relative risk 7.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-34.1, p = .002). Oligoamenorrhea always began within 12 months of valproate use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valproate is associated with new-onset oligoamenorrhea with hyperandrogenism. Monitoring for reproductive-endocrine abnormalities is important when starting and using valproate in reproductive-aged women. Prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors for development of PCOS on valproate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. hjoffe@partners.org
authors.forename: Hadine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: Lee S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Trisha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suppes
authors.forename: Wren L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavori
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Cindy H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sachs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009839:Oligomenorrhea / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid