title: Multi-modal and tissue-differentiated experimental pain assessment: reproducibility of a new concept for assessment of analgesics.
abstract: Experimental pain models for assessment of analgesic effect needs to be reproducible, valid and responding in a uniform way to changes in pain level. The pain system differs in various tissue types and analgesics may have different effects in different tissues. This study assessed the reproducibility of an experimental model using mechanical, thermal and electrical stimulations. Pain was evoked in three tissues: Skin, muscle and viscera. Pain was evoked and assessed in 24 healthy volunteers. The experiment was repeated three times with 30 min. intervals and twice with a weekly interval. Systematic bias, intra-class correlation (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) and valid sample sizes for analgesic testing were assessed. The model proved to be feasible. Most tests were unbiased, showing stable means except for the mechanical and thermal stimulation in viscera, which showed decreasing pain thresholds when the tests were repeated with 30 min. intervals. Generally the pain tests showed relatively high CV (mean 71%, range 8-145%). The pain tests showed high ICC's (>0.80) when repeated on the same day. When the tests were repeated with an interval of one week, ICC was smaller (mean 0.79 range 0.49-0.96). This means that these tests are useful for analgesic testing recruiting useful sample sizes in a crossover (mean 31 range 2-84) and a parallel study (mean 59 range 3-164) design. Application of this experimental pain model in a cross-over study design with appropriate base-line recordings offers a unique opportunity of revealing analgesic effects on pain arising from different tissues.
authors.affiliation: Center for Visceral Biomechanics and Pain, Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staahl
authors.forename: Hariprasad
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Søren Due
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
authors.forename: Asbjørn Mohr
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Drewes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009132:Muscles; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin; D014781:Viscera
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics