title: Effects of Neotyphodium fungi on Lolium multiflorum seed germination in relation to water availability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temperate endophyte-infected (Neotyphodium sp.) grasses have been shown to exhibit an ecological advantage over endophyte-uninfected grasses under abiotic stressful conditions. It is predicted that endophyte-infected plant populations will display higher rates of germination and proportion of germinated seeds under limiting water conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hydrotime regression model was used to describe the effect of Neotyphodium endophyte on seed germination of Lolium multiflorum at different water potentials. Additionally, seed mortality after water stress exposure was estimated in endophyte-infected and -uninfected seeds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endophyte infection inhibited seed germination at all water potentials. The hydrotime model described satisfactorily the germination responses, and revealed that endophyte-free seeds exhibited higher rates of and final percentage germination, probably due to a lower base water potential compared with endophyte-infected seeds. However, Neotyphodium endophyte conferred a higher rate of survival in those seeds that remained ungerminated when exposed to highly water stress conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes produced by Neotyphodium endophyte in L. multiflorum seeds might affect fitness in particular ecological scenarios. For example, the presence of the endophyte may curtail seed germination when water is limiting, reducing the risk of seedling death. Conversely, endophyte-free seeds would display an enhanced germination, ensuring a more rapid seedling establishment if later water conditions do not restrict plant growth.
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Ecología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires/IFEVA-CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453-C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. gundel@agro.uba.ar
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Gundel
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Maseda
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vila-Aiub
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ghersa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benech-Arnold
mesh_terms: D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000502:physiology*; D008129:Lolium / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014867:Water