title: [Aplication of a 3D reconstruction model for the analysis of nitrofen induced intrathoracic malformations].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three dimensional computer-assisted reconstruction offers some adventages for analysis and comparison of biological phenomena and anatomical structures. The CDH nitrofen-induced animal model associates multiple anomalies in neural-crest derived tissues. The goal of this study is to analyse by a 3-D reconstruction software the malformations in the extrinsic innervation of the esophagus in this model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine control fetuses from 4 dams and 9 fetuses with CDH from 7 dams were studied. A thoracic block from the larynx to tracheal bifurcation was serially sectioned in the horizontal plane in every embryo. One in every 10 sections was stained with HE. The image was digitalized using biological software (TDR-3dbase). Vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves, trachea, esophagus and the great vessels were examined. In order to obtain the 3-D reconstructions, 90 to 120 consecutive images were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with controls there were striking abnormalities of these nerves in fetuses with CDH: 1) Absence of the left (2/9) or right (2/9) vagus nerves. 2) Absence of the left (3/9) or right (3/9) recurrent laryngeal nerves. 3) Marked hypoplasia of the trunk of the vagus (2/9). 4) Deviations of their normal course and change of normal anatomical relationships into the mediastinum (2/9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To fullfill our goals 3-D reconstructions allow a detailed analysis and provide a precise insight into the real anatomy. Rat fetuses with CDH have anomalies of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves that support the concept of a neural crest involvement in the origin of this malformation. These observations may explain esophageal motility disorders in CDH.
authors.affiliation: Departamentos de Cirugía Pediátrica y Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Infantil La Paz, Madrid. lmartinezm.hulp@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González-Reyes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fernández-Dumont
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Martínez-Calonge
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burgos
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tovar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D010647:Phenyl Ethers; C007350:nitrofen