title: Cost effectiveness of bemiparin sodium versus unfractionated heparin and oral anticoagulants in the acute and long-term treatment of deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are at least as effective and well tolerated as unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), offering easier administration and obviating the need for anticoagulant monitoring, but have a higher acquisition cost than UFH.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the potential economic impact of two regimens of subcutaneous bemiparin 115 IU/kg/day for 7-10 days (plus oral anticoagulants [OAC] or followed by long-term bemiparin 3500IU) versus dose-adjusted intravenous UFH for 7 days plus OAC for 3 months in the acute and long-term treatment of DVT. The representative patient was a 62-year-old, 77 kg male with proximal DVT of the lower limbs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using a decision-tree modelling approach. The results were expressed in terms of costs (euro, 2002 values) and incremental cost effectiveness. The treatment costs (hospital stay, physician services, drug administration) and costs incurred due to complications (pulmonary embolism, recurrent DVT, bleeding events, thrombocytopenia and deaths) during the 3-month study period were considered for the primary analysis. Life expectancy and QALYs were considered for the secondary analysis. The study was performed in the setting of the Spanish National Health System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bemiparin plus OAC or long-term bemiparin for 3 months provided net cost savings of euro 769 and euro 908 per patient, respectively, compared with UFH plus OAC (UFH plus OAC euro 4128 vs bemiparin plus OAC euro 3359 vs long-term bemiparin euro 3220). Bemiparin plus OAC and long-term bemiparin for 3 months were calculated to avoid 27 and 7 additional VTE events, respectively, per 1000 patients treated. Bemiparin plus OAC or long-term bemiparin increased quality-adjusted life expectancy by approximately 1.72 and 0.74 years, respectively, compared with UFH plus OAC. The univariate sensitivity analysis supported the cost effectiveness of bemiparin in all the ranges tested for complications and costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our model suggests that bemiparin plus OAC or long-term bemiparin for 3 months may be dominant strategies over UFH plus OAC in the treatment of DVT from the Spanish National Health System perspective, offering better outcomes and cost savings. Long-term bemiparin may be a cost-neutral alternative to bemiparin plus OAC.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Laboratorios Farmacéuticos Rovi, S.A., Madrid, Spain. agomez@rovi.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Outes
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: Vijay V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kakkar
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D006493:Heparin; C411345:bemiparin