title: Doppler color flow analysis of the uterine arteries before and after intrauterine device insertion: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the most frequently used methods of birth control around the world. Although a relationship between its use and menstrual disorders has been well documented, only a few studies have tried to show whether there are any vascular modifications. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of an IUD on uterine artery blood flow using Doppler assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 patients selected for IUD use were prospectively evaluated with Doppler analysis before and 30 days after insertion. The resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were used to evaluate uterine artery vascular resistance. Patients were allocated in 2 groups according to whether they were (group 2) or were not (group 1) lactating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PI and RI of the patients in groups 1 and 2 before and after IUD insertion were not statistically significantly different (P = .298 and .23). When we compared uterine artery blood flow indices before and after IUD insertion for groups 1 and 2 separately, we observed in group 1 that the mean +/- SD PI values were 2.45 +/- 0.62 and 2.55 +/- 0.55 (P = .38) and the RI values were 0.87 +/- 0.08 and 0.87 +/- 0.06 (P = .88) before and after IUD insertion, respectively. In group 2, the PI values were 2.31 +/- 0.55 and 2.37 +/- 0.69 (P = .68) and the RI values were 0.85 +/- 0.07 and 0.86 +/- 0.07 (P = .44) before and after IUD insertion. Finally, we used the mean blood flow indices of the uterine arteries of all patients to compare the effect of IUD insertion. Results were also not statistically significant when we compared PI and RI before and after IUD insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of an IUD does not interfere with the vascular resistance of the uterine arteries that can be shown by Doppler flow assessments 1 month after insertion.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio Martins
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Selmo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014655:Vascular Resistance