title: Comparative analysis of expression profiling of early-stage carcinogenesis using nodule-in-nodule-type hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nodule-in-nodule-type hepatocellular carcinoma (NIN-HCC) is a useful model to illustrate the multi-step nature of hepatocarcinogenesis. To identify large-scale molecular change in early hepatocarcinogenesis, the expression profile of NIN-HCC was compared with those from three sets of individual high-grade dysplastic nodules (HGDN) and grade 1 hepatocellular carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared expression profiles of inner grade 1 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules and peripheral HGDN in one case of NIN-HCC using spotted-oligonucleotide DNA microarray. The relevant outlier genes assumed to associate with early carcinogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma were identified by comparative analysis of NIN-HCC and individual cases of HGDN and grade 1 hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From this analysis we extracted a total of 40 genes, consisting of 28 up-regulated genes and 12 downregulated genes, and more than a two-fold change in grade 1 hepatocellular carcinoma compared with HGDN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We assessed the expression profiles of pre-neoplastic lesions and grade 1 hepatocellular carcinoma using oligonucleotide microarray analysis and found high stringent outlier genes that are presumably directly involved in the transition from dysplastic nodule to the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma by utilizing NIN-HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microdissection Genomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Jong Heun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Shi Nae
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sug Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheol Kyun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Won Sang
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Nam Jin
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Jung Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D020518:Focal Nodular Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology