Quantitative myocardial infarction on delayed enhancement MRI. Part I: Animal validation of an automated feature analysis and combined thresholding infarct sizing algorithm.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a computer algorithm to measure myocardial infarct size in gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and to validate this method using a canine histopathological reference.


METHODS
Delayed enhancement MR was performed in 11 dogs with myocardial infarction (MI) determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Infarct size on in vivo and ex vivo images was measured by a computer algorithm based on automated feature analysis and combined thresholding (FACT). For comparison, infarct size by human manual contouring and simple intensity thresholding (based on two standard deviation [2SD] and full width at half maximum [FWHM]) were studied.


RESULTS
Both in vivo and ex vivo MR infarct size measured by the FACT algorithm correlated well with TTC (R = 0.95-0.97) and showed no significant bias on Bland Altman analysis (P = not significant). Despite similar correlations (R = 0.91-0.97), human manual contouring overestimated in vivo MR infarct size by 5.4% of the left ventricular (LV) area (equivalent to 55.1% of the MI area) vs. TTC (P < 0.001). Infarct size measured by simple intensity thresholdings was less accurate than the proposed algorithm (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007).


CONCLUSIONS
The FACT algorithm accurately measured MI size on delayed enhancement MR imaging in vivo and ex vivo. The FACT algorithm was also more accurate than human manual contouring and simple intensity thresholding approaches.
Hsu
Li-Yueh
LY
Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Natanzon
Alex
A
Kellman
Peter
P
Hirsch
Glenn A
GA
Aletras
Anthony H
AH
Arai
Andrew E
AE
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D004285:Dogs; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts
D003287:Contrast Media; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA