title: Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, mediates its antiproliferative action in pituitary tumor cells by altering phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and inducing Zac1 expression.
abstract: Somatostatin limits cell growth by inhibiting the proliferative activity of growth factor receptors. In this study, it is shown that in pituitary tumor cells, the somatostatin analogue octreotide produces its antiproliferative action by inducing the expression the tumor suppressor gene Zac1. ZAC/Zac1 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and is highly expressed in normal pituitary, mammary, and ovarian glands but is down-regulated in pituitary, breast, and ovarian tumors. Knocking down Zac1 by RNA interference abolished the antiproliferative effect of octreotide in pituitary tumor cells, indicating that Zac1 is necessary for the action of octreotide. The effect of octreotide on Zac1 expression was pertussis toxin sensitive and was abolished after transfection with a dominant negative vector for SHP-1. Zac1 is a target of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) survival pathway. Octreotide treatment decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, induced dephosphorylation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and Akt, and activated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSKbeta). Therefore, in pituitary tumor cells, somatostatin analogues produce their antiproliferative action by acting on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and increasing Zac1 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, D-80804 Munich, Germany. marily@mpipsykl.mpg.de
authors.forename: Marily
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulou
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laupheimer
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paez-Pereda
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erneux
authors.forename: Tullio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: Uberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pagotto
authors.forename: Günter K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stalla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D015282:Octreotide; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014638:Vanadates; C491263:Plag1 protein, rat; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat