title: Prehypertension is associated with insulin resistance state and not with an initial renal function impairment. A Metabolic Syndrome in Active Subjects in Spain (MESYAS) Registry substudy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and other surrogate markers of insulin resistance, and whether these markers are better for defining the prehypertensive state than is renal dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 19,041 healthy active workers, mean age 42.2 (10.7) years, from three health insurance companies, were prospectively collected. Presence of MS, assessed according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel, and the ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein were considered as surrogate markers of insulin resistance. Renal function was assessed by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation. Blood pressure was classified as normotension (NT), prehypertension (PHT), or hypertension (HT) according to the guidelines of the seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global presence of MS was 11.8% The higher prevalence was found in subjects with hypertension (30%), followed by those with PHT (9.6%). The prevalence in normotensive subjects was very low (0.9%). The presence of MS and hypertension increased in parallel with age. Metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 4.3), obesity (OR 2.2), overweight (OR 1.7), impaired fasting glucose (OR 1.3), and elevated triglycerides to HDL ratio (OR 1.2), but no degree of renal dysfunction, were independent risk factors for the progression from NT to PHT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prehypertension is associated with markers of insulin resistance, assessed by the presence of MS and other surrogate markers, and not with an initial renal dysfunction. In this study, MS was found to be present in almost one third of hypertensive but asymptomatic and otherwise healthy workers.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Clinica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. acordero@unav.es
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laclaustra
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: León
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grima
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Casasnovas
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luengo
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Rio
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alegria
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology