title: Assessment of continuous positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome using 24-hour urinary catecholamines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is related to diurnal sympathetic hyperactivity and increased blood pressure, both factors that are likely to lead to the development of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study investigated whether 24-h urinary catecholamines would reflect the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on autonomic activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard polysomnography was performed in 17 patients with OSAS (age 53.7 +/- 13.5 years, mean +/- standard deviation). The number of apnea/hypopnea episodes per hour of sleep (apnea/hypopnea index [AHI]); number of oxygen desaturation episodes per hour (desaturation index [DSI]); arousals per hour (arousal index); lowest oxygen saturation (lowest SpO2); and percentages of stages 1, 2, 3/4, and rapid eye movement sleep (% stage 1, -2, and -3/4, and % REM, respectively) were measured. Overnight continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration was performed the night after the baseline sleep measurements had been taken. Twenty-four-hour urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the CPAP treatment, both 24-h urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline were significantly lower compared with natural sleep. Continuous positive airway pressure significantly decreased the AHI, DSI, % stage 1, and arousal index and significantly increased the lowest SpO2. There were no significant differences in % stage 2, % stage 3/4, and % REM between before and during CPAP treatment. Multiple analysis of covariance tests revealed that lowest SpO2 was the most important factor for increasing 24-h urinary noradrenaline levels (F = 4.75, p = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One night CPAP treatment could improve autonomic dysfunction. The assessment of 24-h urinary noradrenaline would provide important information for evaluating the effect of CPAP treatment.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sukegawa
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Tatsuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Shigehito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwayama
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000652:urine; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines; D010100:Oxygen; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine