title: Proliferation and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 900 MHz modulated radiofrequency field.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine whether a modulated radiofrequency of the type used in cellular phone communications at a specific absorption rate (SAR) higher than International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference level for occupational exposure, could elicit alterations on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis processes in a neuroblastoma cell line. The cell line was exposed for 24, 48, and 72 h to 900 MHz radiofrequency and proliferation and differentiation were tested by WST-I assay and by a molecular analysis of specific markers, two oncogenes and a cytoskeleton protein, in exponential growth phase and in synchronized cell cultures. Apoptosis was evaluated by caspase activation analysis and by molecular detection of Poly (ADP-ribose) polimerase (PARP) cleavage. Combined exposures to radiofrequency and to the differentiative agent retinoic acid or to the apoptotic inducer camptothecin were carried out to test possible interference between electromagnetic field and chemical agents. Overall our data suggest that 900 MHz radiofrequency exposure up to 72 h does not induce significant alterations in the three principal cell activities in a neuroblastoma cell line.
authors.affiliation: Ente Nuove tecnologie Energia e Ambiente (ENEA), Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Merola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lovisolo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laconi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Negroni
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D040421:Cell Phone; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014212:Tretinoin; D002166:Camptothecin