title: Advantage of limb salvage over amputation for proximal lower extremity tumors.
abstract: Although function after lower extremity amputation and limb salvage has been compared, no study has assessed individual functional variables by surgical level. Our aim was to determine whether risks of long-term psychologic and physical limitations were associated with amputation or limb salvage at four levels: below-knee, above-knee, hip, and pelvis. We included 408 patients with sarcomas and postoperative followup of 2 years or greater who had completed a quality-of-life self-report questionnaire. The mean length of followup was 8.91 +/- 5.15 years (range, 2-27 years). Relative risk analysis was done on 12 dichotomous general health, psychologic, and physical function variables. At the below-knee level, outcomes were similar after both procedures. At the above-knee level, amputation was associated with increased risk of limp (RR = 1.6), walking aid use (RR = 2.1), anxiety (RR = 2.4), and inability to drive (RR = 3), and decreased risk of muscle weakness (RR = 0.57). At the hip and pelvic levels, outcomes were descriptively compared because of the small number of amputations. At these higher levels, limitations were more common after amputation. The difference in results between the below-knee and above-knee levels supports the importance of distinguishing surgical levels. Limb salvage offers a functional advantage at proximal tumor locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic study, Level III (retrospective, comparative study). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA. ppardasaney@partners.org
authors.forename: Poonam K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Pardasaney
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Leslie G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Portney
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mankin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000601:surgery; D012934:Social Isolation