title: Ophthalmological events in patients receiving risedronate: summary of information gained through follow-up in a prescription-event monitoring study in England.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the UK, the nitrogen bisphosphonate risedronate is licensed for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It is also licensed for the treatment of Paget's disease. During a prescription-event monitoring (PEM) study on risedronate we noted a number of ophthalmological events. Recently, case reports of ophthalmological adverse drug reactions in patients taking bisphosphonates were published in the medical literature. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the association of ophthalmological events reported in relation to risedronate treatment during a PEM study on the drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational cohort study (PEM study) was conducted in England between September 2000 and June 2002. General practitioners (GPs) were asked for follow-up information on selected events. Events followed up were classified as either 'probably', 'possibly' or 'unlikely' to be related to risedronate, using a modified WHO classification. If insufficient information was obtained on the follow-up questionnaire, the cases were categorised as 'unassessable'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total PEM study cohort of 13 643 patients, 11 156 (82%) were females and 2398 (18%) were males. We received 359 reports of ophthalmological events in 313 patients during the entire study period. Of these we followed up 178 events in 178 patients. Nineteen events in 19 patients were assessed as possibly or probably related to risedronate. The age range for these patients was 50-92 years and the time to onset ranged from 7 days to 5 months. Dry eye (six reports), sore eye (five reports) and conjunctivitis (three reports) were the most frequently reported ophthalmological events assessed as probably or possibly related to risedronate therapy. GPs also reported several other inflammatory conditions of the eye, amongst them two events each of iritis and episcleritis as well as one of keratitis. However, the information received on follow up of these events was insufficient to make causality assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients receiving risedronate can present with a variety of signs and symptoms affecting the eye with different degrees of severity. Patients may present after the first month of treatment. Doctors should have an increased awareness of possible ophthalmological adverse drug reactions in patients receiving this drug, which may affect the eyesight in a population at increased risk of fracture if they fall.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety Research Unit, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aurich-Barrera
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Saad A W
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shakir
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000068296:Risedronic Acid
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D000068296:Risedronic Acid; D012968:Etidronic Acid