Some empirical observations about early stuttering: a possible link to language development.
This article suggests a possible link between incipient stuttering and early difficulty in language formulation. The hypothesis offers a unifying explanation of an array of empirical observations. Among these observations are the following: early stuttering occurs only on the first word of a syntactic structure; stuttering does not appear to be influenced by word-related factors; early stuttering seldom occurs on one-word utterances; the earliest age at which stuttering is reported is 18 months, with the beginning of grammatical development; the age at which most onset of stuttering is reported, 2-5 years, coincides with the period during which children acquire syntax; considerable spontaneous recovery takes place at the time most children have mastered syntax; incipient stuttering is influenced by the length and grammatical complexity of utterances; young children who stutter may be somewhat deficient in language skills; boys who stutter outnumber girls.


OBJECTIVE
The reader will learn about a number of empirical observations about incipient stuttering and how they may be explained by a syntax-based hypothesis about its etiology.
Bloodstein
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Speech and Hearing Center, Brooklyn College, City University New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA. bencor@mindspring.com
D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D010699:Phonation; D012737:Sex Factors; D013342:Stuttering / Q000209:etiology*