title: Club drug use among youths in treatment for substance abuse.
abstract: We describe lifetime rates of club drug use among 782 youths in treatment for substance abuse. Rates (%) for youths under eighteen (N = 486) were methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 32.3; gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 7.0; lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 48.6; ketamine, 18.3; and methamphetamine, 30.2. For youths 18-32 (N = 289) rates (%) were MDMA, 37.0; GHB, 13.1; LSD, 42.9; ketamine, 17.0; and methamphetamine, 31.5. Older youths reported significantly more use of GHB than younger youths (p < .01). Youths reported using club drugs frequently outside of rave settings. Club drug use is common among youths in treatment for substance abuse and has spread beyond the rave culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. Christian.Hopfer@UCHSC.edu
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hopfer
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hooks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003120:Colorado; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D007649:Ketamine; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D012931:Social Environment; D012932:Social Facilitation; D012978:Sodium Oxybate; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D007649:Ketamine; D012978:Sodium Oxybate; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine