title: Partner responses to pain behaviors are associated with depression and activity interference among persons with chronic pain and spinal cord injury.
abstract: This study investigated the extent to which psychosocial factors (partner responses to pain behaviors, social support) are associated with pain-related activity interference and depressive symptom severity among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain. Seventy adults (45 men, 25 women) with SCI and pain and 68 partners completed Part II of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory, a measure of partner responses to pain behaviors. Individuals with SCI and pain also completed the Social Support Questionnaire-6, a modified Brief Pain Inventory Pain Interference Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale. SCI subject ratings of partner responses to pain behaviors, but not partner ratings, were associated significantly with pain-related activity interference and depressive symptom severity. Negative partner response to pain behaviors explained the most variance in these 2 outcome measures. The results provide preliminary support for the importance of partner responses to pain behaviors in outcomes of individuals with chronic pain and SCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic pain is a significant problem for many persons with spinal cord injury. In this sample of individuals with spinal cord injury and pain, perceived partner negative responses to pain behaviors were associated positively with activity interference and depression. Decreasing negative partner responses to pain behaviors might be a potentially important clinical intervention in this population.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Service (116B), VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, USA. mstroud@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Diana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cardenas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001519:Behavior; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires