title: Population-based study of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Kinmen, Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Kinmen, Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1991 to 1993, 971 type 2 diabetic patients in Kinmen underwent diabetic retinopathy screening performed by a panel of ophthalmologists using indirect ophthalmoscopy and 45 degrees color fundus retinal photographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 971 patients screened in 1991-1993, 578 (59.5%) were examined for this study. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed in 127 patients (22.0%), including nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in 13.3%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 1.4%, legal blindness in 1.4%, and ungradable diabetic retinopathy in 5.9%. Significant associated factors of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy based on multiple logistic regression analysis were fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at baseline [> or =126 mg/dl vs. <126 mg/dl; odds ratio (OR) = 2.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-9.09], 2-h postload at baseline (> or =200 vs. <200 mg/dl; OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.09-2.07); HbA1c at follow-up (> or =7% vs. <7%; OR = 6.54; 95% CI, 3.01-14.20), duration of diabetes (> or =15 years vs. <10 years; OR = 6.72; 95% CI, 2.13-21.18), and incremental systolic blood pressure between baseline and follow-up (OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the longer duration of type 2 diabetes, FPG at baseline, poorly controlled glucose concentration, and altered blood pressure may increase the risk of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Community Medicine Research Center & Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tao-Hsin
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Jorn-Hon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fenq-Lih
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shih-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: An-Fei
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Pesus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D015995:Prevalence; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose