title: Biochemical, functional, and histochemical effects of essential fatty acid deficiency in rat kidney.
abstract: The present study was designed to examine the effects of EFA deficiency (EFAD) on biochemical, functional, and structural aspects of the kidney in growing and adult rats fed a normal or EFAD diet for 9 wk after weaning. Food and fluid intake (F1), urine volume, and Na+ and K+ excretions were measured weekly from weeks 4 to 8 by placing the rats in individual metabolic cages for 24 h. At week 9, Li+ and a 5% water load, respectively, were administered at 14 and 1.5 h prior to glomerular and proximal tubular function studies, as assessed by 3-h creatinine (C(Cr)) and Li+ (C(Li+)) clearances. Hematocrit and urine volume; serum and urine [Cr], [Li+], [Na+], and [K+]; and renal FA distribution were also measured. Data [corrected to 100 g/body weight (bw) and presented as means +/- SEM] were significant, at P< or = 0.05. Despite a similar ingestion of solids from weeks 4 to 7 (weeks 7 to 10 of life), the rats on the EFAD diet showed a decreased body weight from week 5. From weeks 4 to 8, Fl and urine volume were similar for both groups, but the Fl increased at week 6 in the EFAD group; 24-h Na+ and K+ excretions were similar at all weeks, except for an increase in the EFAD group for both ions at week 7. In the EFAD group, CCr and CLi+ decreased by 27 and 56.3%, respectively (385.7 +/- 33.4 vs. 280 +/- 21.1, and 21.0 +/- 2.1 vs. 9.2 +/- 1.1 microL/min/100 g; n = 9 vs. 10), the latter result suggesting increased proximal reabsorption. The 3-h Na+ and K+ excretions were similar, but the Li+ decreased (0.78 +/- 0.06 x 10(-2) vs. 0.32 +/- 0.03 x 10(-2) microeq/min/100 g) in the EFAD group, giving additional support to the suggestion. Renal structure was normal and similar for both groups, but the EFAD group showed a more prominent proximal tubule brush border, together with heavier periodic acid-Schiff staining in all specimens from weeks 5 to 9. In the EFAD group, FA of the n-9 and n-7 series were higher, but most of the n-6 series were lower as a percentage of total lipids in the medulla and cortex. Medullary levels of 20:4n-6 were maintained, 22:4n-6 declined twice, arachidonic acid was maintained, and 20:5n-3 was lower. The EFAD diet affected glomerular function, proximal tubular structure and function, and FA distribution in the rat kidney.
authors.affiliation: Departamentos de Fisiologia-Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anisio Francisco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Rosa Cristina
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Maria Luíza Martins
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Aléssio
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Descomps
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Castro-Chaves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000172:deficiency*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D010743:Phospholipids; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium