title: You can take it with you: individual differences and expatriate effectiveness.
abstract: The authors report the collaborative efforts of 2 research teams that independently investigated the effects of stable personality traits (the Big Five) and specific behavioral competencies (cultural flexibility, task and people orientations, and ethnocentrism) on key dimensions of expatriate effectiveness: psychological adjustment, assignment withdrawal cognitions, and job performance. Analyses of multiple-source and longitudinal data from 3 studies, including a diverse sample of expatriates in Hong Kong and separate samples of Korean and Japanese expatriates posted around the world, indicate several direct effects of individual differences. Further data show reliable distinctions between the traits and competencies as well as incremental prediction by either set of predictors in the presence of the others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong. shafferm@uwm.edu
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.forename: J Stewart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Ferzandi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012919:Social Behavior