title: Mannan-binding lectin and complement C4A in Icelandic multicase families with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether low mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and C4A null alleles (C4AQ0) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in multicase families with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low MBL level was determined by measuring serum levels and by genotyping for mutant structural (B/C/D, designated as 0) and promoter (LX) alleles (by real-time polymerase chain reaction). C4AQ0 was detected by protein electrophoresis and corroborated with haplotype and genotype analysis. In nine Icelandic families, 24 patients with SLE were compared with 83 first-degree and 23 second-degree relatives without SLE. Twenty four unrelated family members and a population group of 330 Icelanders served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the frequency of low MBL genotypes (0/0, LX/0 and wild-type/0) tended to be higher in patients with SLE than in their first-degree and second-degree relatives (p = 0.06), but the frequency was similar in the families and in the controls (p = 0.6). The frequency of C4AQ0 was, however, increased in patients and their relatives compared with that in the controls (p = 0.04). The combination of low MBL genotypes and C4AQ0 was found more often in the patients than in their relatives (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.02). However, low MBL level was observed only in patients and first-degree relatives in five of the nine multicase families. In these five families, patients with SLE had low MBL genotypes more often (64%) than their first-degree (38%) and second-degree (0%) relatives (p = 0.001), and the patients with SLE also had, accordingly, lower MBL levels than their relatives (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that low MBL levels can predispose people to SLE and highlight the genetic heterogeneity of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saevarsdottir
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kristjansdottir
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grondal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vikingsdottir
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steinsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valdimarsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015934:Complement C4a / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D015934:Complement C4a