The evolution of sites of surgery.
The shift to ambulatory surgery has taken decades. The history and causation of the move are complex. Key enablers are recounted. The complex interchange of ideas, and physicians, between Belfast and Boston was important in the development of relevant facilitating standards. US and UK governmental and hospital statistics in the increase of ambulatory surgery are presented. The transition of surgery away from hospitals was not all plain-sailing. Insurance companies, governments and hospital administrators hindered and then acquiesced. The shift to ambulatory surgery has not resulted in increased patient morbidity and mortality.
Hedley-Whyte
J
J
Harvard University, Boston, MA 02132-4927, USA. john_hedley-whyte@hms.harvard.edu
Milamed
D R
DR
D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D011057:Politics; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States