title: Prevalence and characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis C virus population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) and its correlation with cryoglobulinemia (CG) in an unselected, untreated referral hepatitis C virus (HCV) population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and thirty four patients (120 women and 114 men) with untreated HCV infection were consecutively enrolled by seven Italian centres. Clinical neuropathy was diagnosed when symptoms and signs of peripheral sensory or motor involvement were present. Median, ulnar, peroneal, and sural nerves were explored in all patients and distal symmetric polyneuropathy was diagnosed when all explored nerves or both lower limb nerves were affected. Mononeuropathy and mononeuropathy multiplex were diagnosed when one nerve or two non-contiguous nerves with asymmetrical distribution were affected. Screening for CG was done in 191 unselected patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical signs of PN were observed in 25 of the 234 patients (10.6%). Electrophysiological PN was found in 36 (15.3%). CG was present in 56/191 patients (29.3%). The prevalence of CG increased significantly with age (p<0.001) and disease duration (p<0.05). PN was present in 12/56 (21%) patients with CG and 18/135 (13%) without CG (p=NS). PN increased significantly with age (p<0.001) and logistic regression analysis confirmed age as the only independent predictor of PN (OR 1.10 for each year; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.15; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrophysiological examination detected subclinical neuropathy in 11 patients (4.7%). Statistical analysis showed that CG was not a risk factor for PN whereas PN prevalence increased significantly with age.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, and Department of Neurology, Hospital Maggiore, Lodi, Italy. lusantor@unina.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manganelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vitelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beghi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000294:innervation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020422:Mononeuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000503:physiopathology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic