title: Part-time work and adolescent heavy episodic drinking: the influence of family and community context.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies on part-time work and alcohol use suggest that teenagers who work longer hours drink more heavily. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether family- and community-level factors moderate the relationship between part-time work hours and heavy episodic drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from the Canadian Community Health Survey, a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Canadians. The survey included 8,080 respondents 15-19 years of age who reported work hours and frequency of heavy episodic drinking over the past 12 months. These respondents were located in 136 counties or municipalities across Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, work hours were positively associated with the frequency of heavy drinking by teenagers in the past 12 months. At the community level, the proportion of teenagers in each community drinking any alcohol was independently and positively associated with respondents' frequency of heavy drinking. In terms of moderating effects, we found that the work hours-drinking association was weaker among youth from low socioeconomic status families. Examination of community-level factors indicated that longer work hours were more strongly associated with heavy episodic drinking in communities with high rates of teen alcohol abstinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the cross-sectional data prohibit any firm conclusions on how family and community factors influence the work-alcohol use relationship, these data suggest that interventions to reduce heavy episodic drinking among teens should address the broader environmental as well as the individual determinants.
authors.affiliation: Institute Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2E9, Canada. cbreslin@iwh.on.ca
authors.forename: F Curtis
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Adlaf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012944:Social Support