title: The role of self-criticism, dependency, and hassles in the course of depressive illness: a multiwave longitudinal study.
abstract: The current study utilized a multiwave longitudinal design to examine whether dependency and/or self-criticism influence the course of depressive symptoms in a community sample of adults with a history of major depression. In addition, the authors examined whether self-esteem serves as a buffer against the development of depressive symptoms following increases in hassles in individuals possessing such traits. At Time 1, 102 participants completed measures assessing depressive symptoms, self-criticism, dependency, and self-esteem. Every 6 weeks for the next year, participants completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and hassles. High self-criticism was associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in hassles in low but not high-self-esteem individuals. Results with respect to dependency, however, were contrary to hypotheses. High dependency was associated with elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in hassles in high-self-esteem individuals. In contrast, high dependency was associated with chronically elevated depressive symptoms in low-self-esteem individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal (Quebec) Canada. abela@ego.psych.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: John R Z
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Abela
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Moon-Ho R
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012649:Self Concept; D012650:Self Disclosure; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires