title: Napins, 2S albumins, are major allergens in oilseed rape and turnip rape.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with IgE-mediated allergy to foods frequently react to seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus ssp. oleifera) and turnip rape (Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera) in skin prick tests (SPTs). Sensitization pathways are not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We identified possible major allergens in oilseed rape and turnip rape using sera from 72 atopic children (mean age, 3.3 years) with positive SPT responses to oilseed rape and turnip rape.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allergens from oilseed rape and turnip rape seed extracts were purified by using gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography and characterized by means of reversed-phase chromatography, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. IgE binding of sera from 72 children with positive SPT reactions to oilseed rape and turnip rape and 72 age- and sex-matched atopic control subjects with negative SPT responses were analyzed by means of IgE ELISA and immunoblotting. In vivo reactivity of the purified allergens was tested with SPTs in 6 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In IgE immunoblotting and IgE ELISA major reactivity was to a group of homologous, approximately 9.5- to 14.5-kd proteins. These allergens were identified as 2S albumins, also known as napins, by means of N-terminal amino acid sequencing. In ELISA approximately 80% of the patients had IgE to purified napins from both plants. In SPTs purified napins caused positive reactions in all 6 children tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that 2S albumins in oilseed rape and turnip rape are new potential food allergens. Further studies are needed to clarify the routes of exposure and mechanisms of sensitization.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. Tuija.Puumalainen@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Tuija J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Puumalainen
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poikonen
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotovuori
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaali
authors.forename: Nisse
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalkkinen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reunala
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turjanmaa
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palosuo
mesh_terms: D055516:2S Albumins, Plant; D000293:Adolescent; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D012639:Seeds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D055516:2S Albumins, Plant; D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; C050363:napin protein, Brassica napus