title: Nicotine use and dependence and their association to psychiatric disorders in a large sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients.
abstract: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the level of nicotine dependence (ND) and to examine its association to psychiatric disorders in a representative clinical sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients. The modified Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ) was used to assess the level of ND. Psychiatric DSM-IV diagnoses were obtained by using the Schedule for affective disorder and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS-PL). Of the total of 342 inpatients in the study sample, 259 (75.7%) reported to be current smokers. A sum score 6 or higher in the mFTQ, indicating a high level of ND, was found in 37.9% of all smokers. An increased likelihood for high level of ND was associated with substance related disorders (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.8-9.3), conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorders (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4-4.4). The usefulness of mFTQ in measuring ND among adolescent inpatients is apparent. Therefore, it can be recommended to be used as a routine screening instrument for ND among adolescents hospitalized due to psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, P.O. Box 26, 90029 OYS, Finland. helina.hakko@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Helinä
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakko
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lintunen
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mäkikyrö
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Räsänen
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timonen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology