title: The endocannabinoid system promotes astroglial differentiation by acting on neural progenitor cells.
abstract: Endocannabinoids exert an important neuromodulatory role via presynaptic cannabinoid CB1 receptors and may also participate in the control of neural cell death and survival. The function of the endocannabinoid system has been extensively studied in differentiated neurons, but its potential role in neural progenitor cells remains to be elucidated. Here we show that the CB1 receptor and the endocannabinoid-inactivating enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase are expressed, both in vitro and in vivo, in postnatal radial glia (RC2+ cells) and in adult nestin type I (nestin(+)GFAP+) neural progenitor cells. Cell culture experiments show that CB1 receptor activation increases progenitor proliferation and differentiation into astroglial cells in vitro. In vivo analysis evidences that, in postnatal CB1(-/-) mouse brain, progenitor proliferation and astrogliogenesis are impaired. Likewise, in adult CB1-deficient mice, neural progenitor proliferation is decreased but is increased in fatty acid amide hydrolase-deficient mice. In addition, endocannabinoid signaling controls neural progenitor differentiation in the adult brain by promoting astroglial differentiation of newly born cells. These results show a novel physiological role of endocannabinoids, which constitute a new family of signaling cues involved in the regulation of neural progenitor cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, School of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aguado
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palazuelos
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monory
authors.forename: Nephi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cravatt
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marsicano
authors.forename: Zaal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kokaia
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Ismael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galve-Roperh
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D048588:Benzoxazines; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000502:physiology*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001549:Benzamides; D048588:Benzoxazines; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002186:Cannabinoids; D002219:Carbamates; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D009025:Morpholines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C577485:Nes protein, mouse; C577486:Nes protein, rat; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester; C070417:(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone