title: Upper gastrointestinal mucosal abnormalities and blood loss complicating low-dose aspirin and antithrombotic therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the site and nature of bleeding lesions related to low-dose aspirin and other antithrombotic agents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the mucosal abnormalities in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding while being treated with these drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endoscopic findings and clinical details were analysed in all patients presenting with haematemesis and/or melaena at a single centre during three calendar years. Associations between endoscopic findings and risk factors, including the intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, low-dose aspirin (75 mg daily) and other antithrombotic drugs including warfarin, clopidogrel, and dipyridamole, were assessed by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 674 upper gastrointestinal bleeders, we found that the odds ratio for the presence of erosive oesophagitis in aspirin users was 2 (95% CI, 1-3; P = 0.03) and 3 (2-5; P = 0.0003) in patients taking other antithrombotic agents. In 41 patients with oesophagitis and taking these drugs, 36 (88%) had cardiovascular disease and only 4 (10%) had peptic symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erosive oesophagitis is common in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding taking low-dose aspirin or antithrombotic agents, and could potentially be confused with the coexisting heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Crosshouse Hospital, Kilmarnock, Scotland, UK. ali.taha1@btinternet.com
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Angerson
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Knill-Jones
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Blatchford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006396:Hematemesis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014859:Warfarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D004176:Dipyridamole; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin