title: Tolerance and withdrawal in goldfish exposed to ethanol.
abstract: Acute ethanol exposure decreases regulated body temperature. Tolerance and dependence develop with continued exposure. Removal of ethanol following chronic exposure produces withdrawal. There is little information on the time course for the development of tolerance and disagreement about the presence of a rebound effect on body temperature during withdrawal. For tolerance, we monitored the selected temperature [T(sel)] of goldfish [Carassius auratus] for 8 h while they were exposed to one of three doses of ethanol. During the period from 90 to 150 min post-exposure, T(sel) was: control: 24.1+/-0.07 degrees C; 0.4% ethanol: 21.9+/-0.09 degrees C; 0.8% ethanol: 21.3+/-0.05 degrees C; 1.1% ethanol: 18.4+/-0.10 degrees C. The difference between control and experimental T(sel) decreased by the following amounts for the final 1.5 h in the gradient: 0.4% ethanol: 2.60+/-0.12 degrees C; 0.8% ethanol: 1.58+/-0.09 degrees C; 1.1% ethanol: 4.08+/-0.12 degrees C. At all 3 doses, tolerance proceeded in a stepwise manner rather than continuously. Temperature regulation during withdrawal was evaluated by maintaining the goldfish in 0.8% ethanol for three days and subsequently monitoring T(sel) in an ethanol-free temperature gradient for 36 h. During withdrawal there was no evidence for an effect on T(sel); experimental and control values were nearly identical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207 USA. crawshl@pdx.edu
authors.forename: Larry I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Crawshaw
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Candace S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Tamae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoda
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Crabbe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol