title: Characterization of human thioredoxin-like-1: potential involvement in the cellular response against glucose deprivation.
abstract: The thioredoxin system, composed of thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), emerges as one of the most important thiol-based systems involved in the maintenance of the cellular redox balance. Thioredoxin-like-1 (TXL-1) is a highly conserved protein comprising an N-terminal Trx domain and a C-terminal domain of unknown function. Here we show that TXL-1 is a substrate for the cytosolic selenoprotein TrxR-1. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrates high expression of Txl-1 mRNA in various areas of central nervous system and also in some reproductive organs. Glucose deprivation, but not hydrogen peroxide treatment, reduced the levels of endogenous TXL-1 protein in HEK-293 cell line. Conversely, overexpression of TXL-1 protects against glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, the finding that Txl-1 mRNA is highly expressed in tissues which use glucose as a primary energy source and the modulation of TXL-1 levels upon glucose deprivation indicate that TXL-1 might be involved in the cellular response to sugar starvation stress.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelto-Huikko
authors.forename: Jan-Ake
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miranda-Vizuete
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054481:Thioredoxin Reductase 1; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013549:Sweetening Agents; C504766:TXNL1 protein, human; D013879:Thioredoxins; C516124:TXNRD1 protein, human; D054481:Thioredoxin Reductase 1; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; C516125:Txnrd1 protein, mouse; D005947:Glucose