title: Management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma in the North of England: pathology, treatment, and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the management and outcome of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Klatskin tumor) in a single tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The notes of all patients with a diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma referred to our unit for over an 8-year period were identified and retrospectively reviewed. Presentation, management and outcome were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five patients were identified. The median age was 64 years (range 34-84 years). Male to female ratio was 1:1. Eighty-nine percent of patients presented with jaundice. Most patients referred were under Bismuth classification 3a, 3b or 4. Seventy patients required biliary drainage, 65 patients required 152 percutaneous drainage procedures, and 25 had other complications. Forty-one patients had 51 endoscopic drainage procedures performed (15 failed). Of these, 36 subsequently required percutaneous drainage. The median number of drainage procedures for all patients was three, 18 patients underwent resection (24%), nine had major complications and three died post-operatively. The 5-year survival rate was 4.2% for all patients, 21% for resected patients and 0% for those who did not undergo resection (P = 0.0021). The median number of admissions after diagnosis in resected patients was two and three in non-resected patients (P<0.05). Twelve patients had external-beam radiotherapy, seven brachytherapy, and eight chemotherapy. There was no significant benefit in terms of survival (P = 0.46) or hospital admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resection increases survival but carries the risk of significant morbidity and mortality. Percutaneous biliary drainage is almost always necessary and endoscopic drainage should be avoided if possible.
authors.affiliation: Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery Unit, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE7 7DN, United Kingdom. derek.manas@nuth.northy.nhs.uk
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mansfield
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Charnley
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jaques
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: O'Suilleabhain
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Atherton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome