title: Functional renal imaging: nonvascular renal disease.
abstract: Functional renal imaging-a fast-growing field of MR-imaging-applies different sequence types to gather information about the kidneys other than morphology and angiography. This update article presents the current status of different functional imaging approaches and presents current and potential clinical applications. Apart from conventional in-phase and opposed-phase imaging, which already yields information about the tissue composition, BOLD (blood-oxygenation level dependent) sequences, DWI (diffusion-weighted imaging) sequences, perfusion measurements, and dedicated contrast agents are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. henrik.michaely@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Michaely
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nael
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oesingmann
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010100:Oxygen