title: Deficiency of centromere-associated protein Slk19 causes premature nuclear migration and loss of centromeric elasticity.
abstract: The cohesin complex prevents premature segregation of duplicated chromosomes by providing resistance to the pole-ward pull by spindle microtubules. The centromeric region (or sister kinetochores) bears the majority of this force and undergoes transient separation prior to anaphase, indicative of its elastic nature. A cysteine protease, separase, cleaves the cohesin subunit Scc1 and dissolves cohesion between sister chromatids, initiating their separation. Separase also cleaves the kinetochore protein Slk19 during anaphase. Slk19 has been implicated in stabilization of the mitotic spindle and regulation of mitotic exit, but it is not known what role it plays at the kinetochores. We show that during pre-anaphase arrest, the spindle in slk19Delta cells is excessively dynamic and the nuclei move into mother-daughter junction prematurely. As a result, the chromatin mass undergoes partial division that requires neither anaphase promoting complex (APC) activity nor Scc1 cleavage. Partial division of the chromatin mass is accompanied by the loss of the centromeric region's ability to resist pole-ward pull by the spindle. Slk19 physically associates with Scc1 and this association appears necessary for efficient cleavage of Slk19 by separase. Our results suggest that Slk19 participates in regulating nuclear migration and, in conjunction with cohesin complex, may be involved in the maintenance of centromeric tensile strength to resist the pole-ward pull.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Chee Seng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Uttam
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Surana
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002503:Centromere / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022004:Chromosome Structures / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D064247:Separase; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C437104:Slk19 protein, S cerevisiae; D010450:Endopeptidases; C577986:ESP1 protein, S cerevisiae; D064247:Separase