title: Urinary corticosterone levels in mice in response to intraperitoneal injections with saline.
abstract: The concept of refinement is an important issue in the field of laboratory animal science. Refinement-based research aims to improve animal welfare, to increase the reliability of experimental outcome, and to diminish variation. In search of refinement of experimental techniques, this study investigated whether urinary corticosterone can be used as a noninvasive measure of acute stress in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animals, Science, and Society, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. m.k.meijer@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: Margot K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Arnoldina G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Bert F M
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Van Zutphen
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baumans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal / Q000662:veterinary; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003404:Creatinine; D003345:Corticosterone