Breast milk fatty acids and allergic disease in preschool children: the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort study.
BACKGROUND
Better understanding of the association between early life lipid intakes and the development of allergic diseases is needed.


OBJECTIVE
We prospectively studied breast milk content of n-6, n-3, and trans fatty acids in relation to allergic symptoms at the ages of 1 and 4 years.


METHODS
Fatty acid content was determined in breast milk samples of 265 (158 allergic and 107 nonallergic) mothers of children participating in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy study. Outcome variables studied were parental reported eczema at age 1 year, eczema at age 4 years, asthma at age 4 years, and, in a subgroup of 133 children, sensitization at age 4 years.


RESULTS
In children of mothers with allergy, breast milk n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the ratio between n-3 and n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were inversely associated with asthma and with persistent symptoms (eczema at age 1 year and eczema at age 4 years and/or asthma at age 4 years), but no associations between breast milk fatty acids and sensitization were observed. In children of mothers with allergy, also trans fatty acids tended to be inversely associated with allergic symptoms. In children of mothers without allergy, no associations between breast milk fatty acids and allergic symptoms were observed, but alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) was positively associated with sensitization.


CONCLUSIONS
In susceptible infants, the risk to develop allergic symptoms, but not the risk of sensitization, was modified by intake of n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids through breast milk.
Wijga
Alet H
AH
Center for Prevention and Health Services Research, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. alet.wijga@rivm.nl
van Houwelingen
Adriana C
AC
Kerkhof
Marjan
M
Tabak
Cora
C
de Jongste
Johan C
JC
Gerritsen
Jorrit
J
Boshuizen
Hendriek
H
Brunekreef
Bert
B
Smit
Henriette A
HA
D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004485:Eczema / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D015995:Prevalence; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis
D005227:Fatty Acids; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids