title: Basal ganglia shape alterations in bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Shape differences in the caudate heads and putamen were compared between drug-naive and drug-treated patients with bipolar disorder and healthy comparison subjects by using spherical harmonic (SPHARM) techniques. On the basis of previous studies, the authors hypothesized that the drug-naive patients would exhibit shape differences of the caudate heads and putamen, especially on the right side, relative to the healthy comparison subjects, and that shape differences, relative to healthy comparison subjects, would differ between drug-naive and drug-treated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain magnetic resonance images were acquired from 49 bipolar disorder patients (21 drug-naive and 28 drug-treated patients) and 37 healthy comparison subjects. Volumetric measurements were obtained, and SPHARM descriptions were used to measure between-group radius differences in the surfaces of the caudate heads and putamen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no significant between-group volume differences were found in the striatal structures, significant shape differences in the anterior and ventral surfaces of the striatum were observed. Specifically, shape differences, more prominent for the right side, were found for drug-naive bipolar disorder patients, relative to the healthy comparison subjects, but not for drug-treated bipolar disorder subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that drug-naive bipolar disorder patients have shape differences of the striatum, relative to healthy comparison subjects, and that these differences may be modulated by treatment. The findings more generally demonstrate the sensitivity of the SPHARM analytic technique for detecting subtle anatomical shape differences in small brain regions in the absence of volume differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jaeuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: In Kyoon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lyoo
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dager
authors.forename: Seth D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Jung Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jun Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seog Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dunner
authors.forename: Perry F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D011699:Putamen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008094:Lithium