title: Effect of modified Fenton's reaction on microbial activity and removal of PAHs in creosote oil contaminated soil.
abstract: This study describes the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from creosote oil contaminated soil by modified Fenton's reaction in laboratory-scale column experiments and subsequent aerobic biodegradation of PAHs by indigenous bacteria during incubation of the soil. The effect of hydrogen peroxide addition for 4 and 10 days and saturation of soil with H(2)O(2) on was studied. In both experiments the H(2)O(2) dosage was 0.4 g H(2)O(2)/g soil. In completely H(2)O(2)-saturated soil the removal of PAHs (44% within 4 days) by modified Fenton reaction was uniform over the entire soil column. In non-uniformly saturated soil, PAH removal was higher in completely saturated soil (52% in 10 days) compared to partially saturated soil, with only 25% in 10 days. The effect of the modified Fenton's reaction on the microbial activity in the soil was assessed based on toxicity tests towards Vibrio fischeri, enumeration of viable and dead cells, microbial extracellular enzyme activity, and oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production during soil incubation. During the laboratory-scale column experiments, the toxicity of column leachate towards Vibrio fischeri increased as a result of the modified Fenton's reaction. The activities of the microbial extracellular enzymes acetate- and acidic phosphomono-esterase were lower in the incubated modified Fenton's treated soil compared to extracellular enzyme activities in untreated soil. Abundance of viable cells was lower in incubated modified Fenton treated soil than in untreated soil. Incubation of soil in serum bottles at 20 degrees C resulted in consumption of oxygen and formation of carbon dioxide, indicating aerobic biodegradation of organic compounds. In untreated soil 20-30% of the PAHs were biodegraded during 2 months of incubation. Incubation of chemically treated soil slightly increased PAH-removal compared to PAH-removal in untreated soil.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 541, Tampere 33101, Finland. marja.palmroth@tut.fi
authors.forename: M R T
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Palmroth
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Langwaldt
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Aunola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goi
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Münster
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Puhakka
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Tuhkanen
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003407:Creosote / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology; D009821:Oils; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; C045076:Fenton's reagent; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009821:Oils; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003407:Creosote; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron