title: Low insulin-like growth factor-II levels predict weight gain in normal weight subjects with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II are important in the regulation of metabolism and growth. We previously reported in normoglycemic individuals of normal weight that low circulating IGF-II predicts future weight gain. We subsequently investigated whether such relationships persisted in circumstances of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 224 subjects with type 2 diabetes we assessed the association between baseline IGF-II levels and risk of weight gain (>2.0 kg) at the 5-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, 90 participants (40.2%) gained more than 2.0 kg in body weight. For subjects (body mass index <26) at baseline, mean IGF-II levels were significantly lower in those who gained more than 2 kg in weight than in subjects of stable weight, 454 ng/mL (95% confidence interval 349-559) versus 620 ng/mL (534-705) (F=7.4, P=.01). For this subgroup low circulating IGF-II at baseline strongly correlated with weight gain (Spearman rho=-0.52, P <.001). With increasing weight, the relationship no longer prevailed. Logistic regression showed that for body mass index less than 26, individuals at baseline for each 100 ng/mL increase in baseline IGF-II there was a 47% decreased risk of gaining 2.0 kg or more in weight. Adjustment for treatment group did not materially alter this relationship. There was no difference in baseline IGF-II by treatment group. There was no difference between the group with weight gain and the group with stable weight in those who additionally received insulin or sulfonylurea treatment in the 5 years between the baseline visit and the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In subjects of normal weight with type 2 diabetes, baseline IGF-II concentration is inversely related to future weight gain, independent of treatment effect, strengthening the putative role for IGF-II in regulating fat mass. We propose that IGF-II measurement has potential utility in this group for targeting such individuals for early intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospitals University Trust, Salford, United Kingdom. aheald@fs1.ho.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: Adrian H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Heald
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kärvestedt
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Valdemar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: J Kennedy
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J Martin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brismar
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000032:analysis*; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D008687:Metformin