title: Women presenting with lower abdominal pain: a missed opportunity for chlamydia screening?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many young women presenting with lower abdominal pain are referred to general surgeons with possible appendicitis. For some of these patients there will be a gynaecological cause for their pain. There has been a steady increase in the incidence of Chlamydia infections and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among the general population. Therefore, are general surgeons considering this as a diagnosis for lower abdominal pain in women?
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety three women who had been admitted with lower abdominal pain to a single hospital between 1999 and 2001 were identified using computerised records and the notes were examined. One hundred and eighty six women were included in the audit. Investigations and treatments instigated for these patients were then carefully recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four patients underwent appendicectomy, of which 59 were histologically confirmed. Eighty-nine patients (47.8%) of admissions had no final diagnosis and were not screened for Chlamydia trachomatis. Sexual history was recorded in only 51% of admissions. Vaginal swabs were sent in only 7.3% of admissions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current guidelines for Chlamydia trachomatis screening produced by the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) include screening in women presenting with lower abdominal pain as well as those with post-coital or intermenstrual bleeding. Most women who present with classical symptoms of PID will present to gynaecological specialities for further management. However, a significant number of women presenting atypically will be referred to surgeons to exclude gastrointestinal causes for their lower abdominal pain. These women could and probably should be screened for Chlamydia trachomatis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, The Leicester General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: T D R
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pugsley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcea
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garcea
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dennison
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology