title: Role of monitoring and blunting coping styles in primary insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders and assumed to be initiated and maintained, among other factors, by psychological variables such as coping strategies, sleep hygiene techniques, and arousability. Althouugh the number and kind of stressors seem to be important initiators of insomnia, individual coping dispositions appear to play a larger role in maintaining it. This study explores the relationship between different coping dispositions (monitoring/blunting) and insomnia. Monitoring refers to information-seeking behavior under threat; blunting pertains to distractive strategies utilized in situations implying threat or danger.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study compares 37 primary insomniacs (DSM IV criteria) and 47 good sleepers. Dependent measures included self-rating scales concerning sleep quality (Schlaffragebogen part B, Frankfurter Schlaffragebogen), coping styles (Frankfurt Monitoring Blunting Scales), and psychopathology (Neo Five Factors Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory). All measures had documented psychometric properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary insomniacs were significantly more likely to rigidly resort to monitoring strategies in controllable as well as uncontrollable situations. Further, 73% of all rigid monitors identified in the sample were rated as primary insomniacs, whereas 86% of all rigid Blunters were good sleepers. Insomniacs showed higher levels of anxiety than good sleepers, coping style groups differed in anxiety and neuroticism scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study further supports the hypothesis that a monitoring coping style is related to primary insomnia. Blunting appears to be a good predictor of high sleep quality. The results are discussed with regard to improving treatment for patients suffering from primary insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Voss@psych.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolling
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heidenreich
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology*