Lead content of dietary calcium supplements available in Brazil.
The lead and calcium content of calcium supplements available in Brazil were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Samples were microwave-digested in concentrated HNO(3). Citric acid was used as a chemical modifier in the lead analysis. Supplements were classified into six categories: oyster industrialized (OI, n=4), oyster prepared in pharmacy (OP, n=3), refined industrialized (RI, n=6), refined prepared in pharmacy (RP, n=3), bone meal (B, n=3), and dolomite (D, n=4). Lead levels (microg g(-1) of measured calcium) were higher in D products (2.33), followed by OI, RP, OP, and RI products (1.46, 1.32, 1.29, 0.75), while B products had levels lower than the limit of quantification (0.02 microg g(-1) unit weight). Daily lead intake of eight supplements exceeded the limit of California, USA (1.5 microg g(-1) calcium), but none exceeded the federal limit of USA (7.5 microg g(-1) calcium) or the provisional tolerable lead intake by FAO/WHO (25 microg kg(-1) per week).
Mattos
J C P
JC
Departamento de Química, Centro Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
Hahn
M
M
Augusti
P R
PR
Conterato
G M
GM
Frizzo
C P
CP
Unfer
T C
TC
Dressler
V L
VL
Flores
E M M
EM
Emanuelli
T
T
D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products; D001938:Brazil; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010125:Ostreidae; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods
D001688:Biological Products; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008903:Minerals; D007854:Lead; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D008274:Magnesium; C027762:bone meal; C028042:calcium magnesium carbonate