title: Respiratory infections in schoolchildren: co-morbidity and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess co-morbidity and risk factors for otitis media, tonsillopharyngitis, and lower respiratory infections in school children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression analysis of co-morbidity and risk factors for airway infections in a population based sample of 10 year old children living in Oslo, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  otitis media, tonsillopharyngitis, and lower respiratory infections in past 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Airway infections in 10 year old children were common, and significant co-morbidity was found between the various airway infections. Home dampness was a risk factor for all infections, adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.5) to 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6) for otitis media and tonsillopharyngitis respectively. Atopic disease was a constitutional risk factor, particularly strong for lower airway infections (adjusted odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.1). African or Asian ethnicities were associated with the airway infections, adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.2 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.7) to 1.7 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory tract infections were common in 10 year old children. There was substantial co-morbidity between upper and lower airway infections. Environmental and constitutional factors were identified and positively associated with the infections. Results support the hypothesis of 1957 that the whole respiratory tract is one unit.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Division of Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway. gunnhild@karevold.no
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karevold
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kvestad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nafstad
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kvaerner
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000150:complications; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014069:Tonsillitis / Q000150:complications