title: Chemoreflex sympathoexcitation was not altered by the antagonism of glutamate receptors in the commissural nucleus tractus solitarii in the working heart-brainstem preparation of rats.
abstract: The changes in thoracic sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate and frequency of phrenic nerve discharge in response to chemoreflex activation before and after bilateral microinjections of glutamate receptor antagonists into the comissural nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) were evaluated in the working heart-brainstem preparation of rats. Microinjections of kynurenic acid (KYN, 250 mM), (+/-)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG, 100 mM), or KYN plus MCPG into the cNTS were performed in three different groups. These microinjections into the cNTS did not affect the increase in the thoracic sympathetic nerve activity elicited by chemoreflex activation (KYN, 54 +/- 3 versus 51 +/- 2%, n = 11; MCPG, 48 +/- 5 versus 54 +/- 5%, n = 7; and KYN plus MCPG, 57 +/- 6 versus 55 +/- 3%, n = 5). The increase in the frequency of the phrenic nerve discharge in response to chemoreflex activation was also not affected by KYN (0.28 +/- 0.02 versus 0.30 +/- 0.04 Hz), MCPG (0.27 +/- 0.03 versus 0.27 +/- 0.04 Hz), or KYN plus MCPG (0.30 +/- 0.04 versus 0.20 +/- 0.03 Hz). The bradycardic response to chemoreflex activation was significantly reduced after microinjection of KYN at 2 (-220 +/- 16 versus -50 +/- 6 beats min(-1)) and 10 min (-220 +/- 16 versus -65 +/- 9 beats min(-1)) and after microinjection of KYN plus MCPG into the NTS it was abolished at 2 (-192 +/- 14 versus -2 +/- 1 beats min(-1)) and 10 min (-192 +/- 14 versus -4 +/- 2 beats min(-1)). These data support the hypothesis that the neurotransmission of the sympathoexcitatory and respiratory components of the chemoreflex in the cNTS involves neurotransmitters other than L-glutamate and also the concept that the parasympathetic component of this reflex is mediated by L-glutamate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valdir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Benedito H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003655:Decerebrate State / Q000503:physiopathology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; C474696:methyl-(4-carboxyphenyl)glycine; D007736:Kynurenic Acid; D005998:Glycine