title: Persistent bacteremia and severe thrombocytopenia caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in a neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) is the most frequent cause of late-onset sepsis in NICUs, but mortality is rare and morbidity is unusual. We report a new syndrome of CoNS sepsis characterized by significant morbidity and persistent bacteremia despite aggressive antibiotic therapy and no identified focus of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of infants in the NICU with CoNS bacteremia between 2000 and 2002. Statistical analysis included an initial exploratory analysis followed by logistic regression. Microbiological identification of all isolates and molecular typing were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one neonates with persistent CoNS bacteremia were compared with 60 randomly selected neonates from a group of 140 with nonpersistent CoNS bacteremia. The clinical manifestations at presentation, gestational ages, and birth weights were similar in the 2 groups. Thrombocytopenia was present in 26 (84%) neonates with persistent CoNS bacteremia but only in 8 (13%) neonates in the nonpersistent group. Central venous catheterization increased the risk for persistent CoNS bacteremia, but 42% of the persistent group was never catheterized. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common isolate in both groups. Molecular typing failed to identify a predominant clone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The syndrome of persistent CoNS septicemia is remarkable for thrombocytopenia and persistence in the absence of central venous catheterization. Clinical manifestations at presentation and demographic characteristics did not discriminate between the persistent and nonpersistent groups. We did not identify the emergence of a particularly virulent clone, but it is possible that some strains of CoNS have acquired the capacity to persist under different conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's and Women's Health Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Minesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khashu
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osiovich
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Khotani
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Solimano
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Speert
mesh_terms: D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D003030:Coagulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000201:enzymology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000201:enzymology; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D003030:Coagulase