title: Opioid tolerance: a perioperative nursing challenge.
abstract: Opioid analgesia is used more frequently in patients with chronic pain unresponsive to non-opioid therapy. The result is a growing number of individuals admitted to the hospital for acute pain (trauma or surgery) who are opioid-tolerant. Nursing strategies to improve pain intervention in this population are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jarzyna
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000451:nursing; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000451:nursing
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid