title: Survey on germination and species composition of dinoflagellates from ballast tanks and recent sediments in ports on the South Coast of Finland, North-Eastern Baltic Sea.
abstract: Cyst beds in ships and ports in Finland have previously been unstudied. Therefore, sediments from ships' ballast water tanks and four Finnish ports were sampled for dinoflagellate cysts and other phytoplankton. Untreated sediments were incubated at 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C in the local 6 psu salinity for 1, 4 and 7 days, and vegetative cells were examined with light and scanning electron microscope. Sediments were inhabited by various dinoflagellates, diatoms, chlorophytes, cyanophytes and small flagellates. Germinated dinoflagellates were found in 90% of ballast tanks and in all ports. Gymnodiniales spp. and Heterocapsa rotundata formed a major proportion of the proliferating dinoflagellate cells. One species, Peridinium quinquecorne, not previously reported from the Baltic Sea, was identified with SEM. The study emphasises that ships are potential transport vehicles for dinoflagellate cysts even in the low salinity Finnish waters, and small-sized dinoflagellates should be focused upon in ballast water studies.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Department of Biological Research, P.O. Box 2, FI-00561 Helsinki, Finland. sari.pertola@fimr.fi
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pertola
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005387:Finland; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011156:Population Density; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012767:Ships; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride