title: Lanthanum carbonate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and safety profile of lanthanum carbonate, a phosphate binder for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was selected from PubMed (1965-October 2005). All studies presented as scientific posters and abstracts from nephrology meetings from 1999 to 2005 were also included.
  
  
  METHODS
  All published articles regarding lanthanum carbonate were included. In addition, abstracts and presentations from scientific meeting symposia were also considered for inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lanthanum carbonate has been recently approved as non-calcium-based therapy for phosphate reduction in patients with stage 5 CKD requiring dialysis. The recommended dose is 250-500 mg with meals, for a maximum of 1500 mg daily. Clinical studies have shown short- and long-term safety with lanthanum carbonate administration. Adverse effects were primarily gastrointestinal in nature. Clinical trials have also shown reductions in serum phosphorus to target concentrations, reductions in associated calcium-phosphorus product, and minimal effects on serum calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lanthanum carbonate is an effective phosphate-binding agent without significant risk of hypercalcemia or worsening metabolic acidosis. Lanthanum carbonate is a safe and effective drug for reduction of elevated serum phosphorus levels associated with stage 5 CKD. The role of lanthanum carbonate relative to other phosphate-binding drugs, such as calcium salts and sevelamer, remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of North Carolina, Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7155, USA. Melanie_Joy@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Melanie S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Joy
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kshirsagar
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Candiani
authors.forename: Tyson
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Joanna Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; C119467:lanthanum carbonate; D007811:Lanthanum