title: Treatment of latent tuberculosis in persons at risk for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: systematic review.
abstract: METHODS
  The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin, is a threat to global TB control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To appraise evidence of the effectiveness of treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) in people at risk for developing active MDR-TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of comparative studies of people treated and not treated for LTBI following exposure to MDR-TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS and the Cochrane Library (December 2004).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two observational studies met inclusion criteria. A prospective cohort study found individualised tailored treatment to be effective for preventing active TB in children (OR = 0.20, 95%CI 0.04-0.94), while a retrospective cohort study found INH not to be effective (OR = 0.46, 95%CI 0.07-2.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence of the effects of treatment of LTBI in people exposed to MDR-TB is extremely limited in both quantity and quality. The increasing global spread of MDR-TB and the difficulties in treating it emphasise the need for effective preventive measures. Ideally, this issue should be addressed in a randomised controlled trial. Until such a trial is conducted, routine clinical data collected as part of existing TB control programmes could be useful and can be generated relatively easily.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine E, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva 49100, Israel. abigailf@clalit.org.il
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Attamna
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leibovici
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents