title: Human ATP-binding cassette transporter TaqMan low-density array: analysis of macrophage differentiation and foam cell formation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters cause various diseases and regulate many physiologic processes, such as lipid homeostasis, iron transport, and immune mechanisms. Several ABC transporters are involved in bile acid, phospholipid, and sterol transport, and their expression is itself controlled by lipids. In addition, ABC proteins mediate drug export in tumor cells and promote the development of multidrug resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We created an ABC Transporter TaqMan Low-Density Array based on an Applied Biosystems 7900HT Micro Fluidic Card. We used a 2-microL reaction well with 2 ng of sample. To evaluate this method for lipidomic research and to characterize expression patterns of ABC transporters in cells relevant for atherosclerosis research, we monitored mRNA expression in human primary monocytes, in vitro-differentiated macrophages, and cells stimulated with the liver-X-receptor and retinoid-X-receptor agonists T0901317 and 9-cis retinoic acid, mimicking sterol loading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method enabled simultaneous analysis of 47 human ABC transporters and the reference gene 18S rRNA in 2 replicates of 4 samples per run.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new system uses only 2 ng of sample and small volumes of reagent, and the precaptured primers and probes avoided labor-intensive pipetting steps. The ABC Transporter TaqMan Low-Density Array may be a useful tool to monitor dysregulated ABC transporter mRNA profiles in human lipid disorders and cancer-related multidrug resistance and to analyze the pharmacologic and metabolic regulation of ABC transporter expression important for drug development in large-scale screening approaches.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. thomas.langmann@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langmann
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mauerer
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D019914:Taq Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D019914:Taq Polymerase