title: Downregulation of IgE antibody and allergic responses in the lung by epidermal biolistic microparticle delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biolistic injections provide a needle-free delivery of antigen-laden microparticles to the epithelium. The precision of the injection preferentially targets the Langerhans cell network, which, although ideal for vaccination, might not be suitable for the downregulation of immune responses in immunotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the ability of biolistic injection of antigen into the epithelium of sensitized mice to inhibit IgE antibody and lung inflammatory responses produced by further exposure to antigen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were sensitized by means of a needle injection of ovalbumin (OVA) in alum and given a series of biolistic injections of OVA or vehicle control, followed by a boost of OVA in alum. Serum IgE and IgG antibodies were measured before and after the boost. The mice were then challenged intranasally, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells was measured by means of bronchoalveolar lavage. Airway reactivity of the challenged mice was measured by examining responses to methacholine with forced oscillatory techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biolistic injection of OVA into the dorsal skin of sensitized mice markedly inhibited IgE and IgG1 antibody responses induced by boosting. IgG2a antibody responses were reduced rather than stimulated. The eosinophilic inflammation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced by intranasal challenge was also markedly inhibited. Lung hyperreactivity showed an initial increase and then a decrease of responsiveness to methacholine, with elastance returning to the level of unsensitized mice. Biolistic injection into the buccal epithelium was also inhibitory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biolistic injection of allergen inhibited the boosting of IgE antibody and eosinophilic lung inflammatory responses without inducing T(H)1 immunity.
authors.affiliation: The PowderJect Centre for Gene and Drug Delivery Research, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costigan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Armitage
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lenzo
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von Garnier
authors.forename: Graeme R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Zosky
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Phil A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Stumbles
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sly
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Wayne R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D019470:Biolistics / Q000379:methods*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004802:Eosinophilia; D004817:Epidermis; D005260:Female; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin