title: Sleep effects of a 24-h versus a 16-h nicotine patch: a polysomnographic study during smoking cessation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep disturbance is a common symptom of tobacco withdrawal and might contribute to early relapse vulnerability in abstinent smokers. This study was designed to compare the effects on sleep of nicotine patches applied either for 24 h (Nicopatch) or 16 h (Nicorette).
  
  
  METHODS
  During a short smoking cessation period (48 h), this open-label, randomised, two-period crossover study compared the effects on sleep of the two nicotine patches in 20 heavy smokers (9 women, 11 men). During each period, polysomnographic recordings were performed from 12 pm to 7 am for two consecutive nights (baseline and treatment nights). Smoking cessation started from 8 pm the day of the baseline sleep recordings, and treatments were applied around 8 am the following morning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the 16-h nicotine patch, smokers who received the 24-h nicotine patch experienced significantly less microarousals, a greater proportion of slow wave sleep, a higher REM density and higher rapid eye movement (REM) beta activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that a 24-h nicotine patch is more efficient than a 16-h nicotine patch to alleviate tobacco withdrawal-induced sleep disturbances.
authors.affiliation: FORENAP Research Institute for Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Psychiatry, 27, rue du 4eme RSM, 68250 Rouffach, France. luc.staner@forenap.asso.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Staner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luthringer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lagrue
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005731:Ganglionic Stimulants; D009538:Nicotine