title: His239Arg SNP of HRAD9 is associated with lung adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was previously reported that a functional human (h) Rad9 protein accumulated in the nuclei of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. Those experiments, however, did not examine whether the hRad9 gene was mutated in those cells. The sequence of the HRAD9 gene in NSCLC cells was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sequence of the HRAD9 was examined in tumor and peripheral normal lung tissues obtained from 50 lung adenocarcinoma patients during surgery. The expression of its mRNA using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No sequence alterations were detected in the HRAD9 gene, which was found to be normally transcribed in surgically resected lung carcinoma cells. However, in eight (16.0%) cases a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was observed at the second position of codon 239 (His/Arg heterozygous variant) of the gene. This frequency was significantly higher than that found in the normal population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whereas the capacity to produce a functional hRad9 protein was intact in lung adenocarcinoma cells, a nonsynonymous SNP of HRAD9 was detected that might be associated with the development of lung adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular, Thoracic, and Pediatric Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. maniwa@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maniwa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Vladimir P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Bermudez
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanomata
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ohbayashi
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yoshitake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Jerard
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okita
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C069930:rad9 protein