title: Determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients by heteroatom selective detection using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ultrasonic nebuilization and membrane desolvation sample introduction.
abstract: The combination of ultrasonic nebulization with membrane desolvation (USN-MD) is utilized to determine active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) by heteroatom inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) detection. Ultrasonic nebulization provides efficient sampling while use of the membrane desolvator acts to reduce solvent-based interferences. This approach reduces interferences sufficiently so that a standard argon ICP-quadrupole MS can be utilized. Examined APIs and associated heteroatoms included: phosphomycin (P), amoxicillin (S), chlorpropamide (Cl), and ofloxacin (F). The optimum plasma r.f. powers for P, S, and Cl were in the 1000 to 1200 watts range. The high ionization energy of F required that the plasma be operated at 1500 W. The 16O2+ interference at mass 32 precluded determinations using the sulfur-32. The sulfur-34 (4.2% natural isotopic abundance), however, was relatively free of isobaric interferences. Interferences were relatively small at the mass 35 isotope of Cl, but increased with higher ICP r.f. powers. Overlaps were significant at the masses of monoisotopic species, fluorine-19 and phosphorus-31. Detection limits for P, S, Cl, and F of 2, 3, 90, and 3000 ng/mL, respectively, were generally lower than those produced with other quadrupole systems and comparable to or better than values published utilizing high-resolution instruments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA.
authors.forename: Kaho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Jon W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Carnahan
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013010:Sonication; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012997:Solvents