title: Ropinirole in the treatment of patients with restless legs syndrome: a US-based randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the dopamine agonist ropinirole in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe primary restless legs syndrome (RLS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicenter, 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose study enrolled US patients and was conducted between September 2003 and May 2004. Patients were randomized to ropinirole or placebo, 0.25-4.0 mg as needed and tolerated, once daily, 1 to 3 hours before bedtime. The primary end point was mean change from baseline to week 12 in International Restless Legs Scale (IRLS) total score. Key secondary efficacy measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 381 patients were enrolled; 164 (87.7%) of 187 patients randomized to ropinirole and 167 (86.1%) of 194 randomized to placebo completed the study. Significant treatment differences favoring ropinirole, compared with placebo, were observed for change in IRLS total score at week 12 (adjusted mean treatment difference, -3.7; 95% confidence interval, -5.4 to -2.0; P < .001) and for all 3 key secondary end points: mean change from baseline in IRLS total score at week 1 and proportion of patients who were much/very much improved on the Clinical Global Impression Improvement scale at weeks 1 and 12. Ropinirole was associated with significantly greater Improvements in subjective measures of sleep disturbance, quantity, and adequacy; quality of life; and anxiety. Although treatment differences favoring ropinirole in daytime somnolence were observed, they were not statistically significant (P = .10). Ropinirole was generally well tolerated, with an adverse-event profile consistent with other dopamine agonists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that ropinirole improves RLS symptoms and subjective measures of sleep, quality of life, and anxiety and that it is generally well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: SleepMed of South Carolina, 1333 Taylor St, Columbia, SC 29201, USA. rbogan@sleepmed.md
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bogan
authors.forename: June M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Markus H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Stanley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Sally Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ritchie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D007211:Indoles; C046649:ropinirole