title: Co-resistance to retinoic acid and TRAIL by insertion mutagenesis into RAM.
abstract: Retinoic acid (RA), used as first-line therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), exerts its antileukemic activity by inducing blast differentiation and activating tumor-selective TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signaling. To identify downstream mediators of RA signaling, we used retrovirus-mediated insertion mutagenesis in PLB985 leukemia cells and established the RA-resistant cell line WY-1. In PLB985, but not WY-1 cells, RA induced TRAIL and its DR4 and DR5 receptors. Knocking down TRAIL expression by RNA interference blocked RA-induced apoptosis. WY-1 cells are defective for RA-induced differentiation, G1 arrest and exhibit co-resistance to TRAIL. In WY-1 cells, a single virus copy is integrated into a novel RA-regulated gene termed RAM (retinoic acid modulator). RAM is expressed in the myelomonocytic lineage and extinguished by RA in PLB985, but not WY-1 cells. Whereas knocking down RAM expression by RNA interference promoted RA-induced differentiation and TRAIL-triggered apoptosis of PLB985 and WY-1 cells, overexpression of the predicted 109 amino-acid RAM open reading frame did not alter RA signaling in PLB985 cells. This indicates that, apart from encoding the putative RAM protein, RAM RNA may exert additional functions that are impaired by the retrovirus insertion. Our study demonstrates that RA induction of the TRAIL pathway is also operative in leukemia cells lacking an RARalpha oncofusion protein and identifies RAM as a novel RA-dependent modulator of myeloid differentiation and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Signal Transduction, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC/CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch Cedex, C U de Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gronemeyer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000075745:rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C000613877:long noncoding RNA CCDC26, human; D000075745:rab27 GTP-Binding Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; C066694:RAB27A protein, human; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins