title: Toll-like receptors--novel targets in allergic airway disease (probiotics, friends and relatives).
abstract: Experimental and epidemiological studies enabled to hypothesize that stimulation of the immune system by selected microbial products may prevent or treat allergic diseases. According to recent advances in molecular immunology, this stimulation acts via group of conserved receptors present on antigen presenting cells, known as toll-like receptors (TLRs). These receptors play an essential role in antigen presentation and latter development of immune response into pro-allergic (Th2), cellular (Th1) or regulatory (Tr1) responses. Since toll-like receptors govern decisive points in immune regulation, an extensive research focuses on agents interfering with their immunomodulatory activities. In this report, we review information on the potential use of microbial products in allergy prevention and therapy, which are believed to target toll-like receptor network. Current toll-like receptor-based approaches, as well as potential use of lipopolysaccharide (and derivates), oligonucleotides, mycobacteria, bacterial extracts, and probiotics are discussed herein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, The Medical University Children's Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland. wfeleszko@kliniczny.pl
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feleszko
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaworska
authors.forename: Eckard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamelmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000639:trends*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors