Hypertonic lactated saline resuscitation reduces the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome in severely burned patients.
BACKGROUND
Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome is a lethal complication after resuscitation from burn shock. Hypertonic lactated saline (HLS) infusion reduces early fluid requirements in burn shock, but the effects of HLS on intraabdominal pressure have not been clarified.


METHODS
Patients admitted to our burn unit between 2002 and 2004 with burns > or =40% of the total body surface area without severe inhalation injury were entered into a fluid resuscitation protocol using HLS (n = 14) or lactated Ringer's solution (n = 22). Urine output was monitored hourly with a goal of 0.5 to 1.0 mL/kg per hour. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analysis, intrabladder pressure as an indicator of intraabdominal pressure (IAP), and the peak inspiratory pressure were recorded. Pulmonary compliance and the abdominal perfusion pressure were also calculated.


RESULTS
In the HLS group, the amount of intravenous fluid volume needed to maintain adequate urine output was less at 3.1 +/- 0.9 versus 5.2 +/- 1.2 mL/24 h per kg per percentage of total body surface area, and the peak IAP and peak inspiratory pressure at 24 hours after injury were significantly lower than those in the lactated Ringer's group. Two of 14 patients (14%) in the HLS group and 11 of 22 patients (50%) developed IAH within 20.8 +/- 7.2 hours after injury.


CONCLUSIONS
In patients with severe burn injury, a large intravenous fluid volume decreases abdominal perfusion during the resuscitative period because of increased IAP. Our data suggest that HLS resuscitation could reduce the risk of secondary abdominal compartment syndrome with lower fluid load in burn shock patients.
Oda
Jun
J
Department of Trauma, Critical Care Medicine, and Burn Center, Social Insurance Chukyo Hospital, 1-1-10 Sanjo, Minami-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 457-8510, Japan. junoda@v001.vaio.ne.jp
Ueyama
Masashi
M
Yamashita
Katsuyuki
K
Inoue
Takuya
T
Noborio
Mitsuhiro
M
Ode
Yasumasa
Y
Aoki
Yoshiki
Y
Sugimoto
Hisashi
H
D000005:Abdomen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications*; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012774:Shock, Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
D004338:Drug Combinations; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D019344:Lactic Acid