title: Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietins regulate sinusoidal regeneration and remodeling after partial hepatectomy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the regulatory mechanisms of sinusoidal regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the expression of angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, Tie-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in regenerating liver tissue by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a LightCycler (Roche Diagnostics) and also immunohistochemical staining after 70% hepatectomy in rats. In the next step, we isolated liver cells (hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC), Kupffer cell, and hepatic stellate cells (HSC)) from regenerating liver tissue by in situ collagenase perfusion and counterflow elutriation, to determine potential cellular sources of these angiogenic factors after hepatectomy. Proliferation and apoptosis of SECs were also evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d-uridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF mRNA expression increased with a peak at 72 h after hepatectomy, decreasing thereafter. The expression of Ang-1 mRNA was present at detectable levels before hepatectomy and increased slowly with a peak at 96 h. Meanwhile, Ang-2 mRNA was hardly detected before hepatectomy, but was remarkably induced at 120 and 144 h. In isolated cells, VEGF mRNA expression was found mainly in the hepatocyte fraction. Meanwhile, mRNA for Ang-1 and Ang-2 was found in the SEC and HSC fractions, but was more prominent in the latter. The PCNA labeling index of SECs increased slowly, reaching a peak at 72 h, whereas apoptotic SECs were detected between 120 h and 144 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ang-Tie system, together with VEGF, plays a critical role in regulating balance between SEC proliferation and apoptosis during sinusoidal regeneration after hepatectomy. However, the VEGF system plays a more important role in the early phase of sinusoidal regeneration than angiopoietin/Tie system.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0856, Japan. h-shimizu@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambiru
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshidome
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D042683:Angiopoietin-1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015870:Gene Expression; D006498:Hepatectomy; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D042702:Angiopoietin-2; C467629:Angpt1 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2