title: Combined endoscopic medial and external lateral orbital decompression for progressive thyroid eye disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of endoscopic medial and lateral orbital wall surgery to 3-wall decompression in patients with thyroid eye disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of patients with thyroid eye disease with severe proptosis, exposure keratitis, or compressive optic neuropathy was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean reduction in proptosis was 4.37 mm in the 2-wall approach and 4.59 mm in the 3-wall group. Seventy-five percent of patients in the 2-wall group demonstrated improved visual acuity; 50% improved after 3-wall decompression. Vertical palpebral fissure height decreased by an average of 2.50 mm in the 2-wall group and by 2.03 mm in the 3-wall group. New onset diplopia was 11.8% and 12.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement in the degree of proptosis, visual acuity, and palpebral fissure height was seen in the majority of our patients and compared favorably to our results with 3-wall orbital decompression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Goding
mesh_terms: D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity