title: Anhedonia and emotional numbing in combat veterans with PTSD.
abstract: We explored relationships between anhedonia and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters, including their role in predicting psychiatric comorbidity. Our measure of anhedonia was derived from an examination of the latent structure of the Beck Depression Inventory. We found evidence for a two-factor solution, leading to anhedonia and undifferentiated, global depressive symptoms scales. In primary analyses, anhedonia had a unique positive relationship with PTSD's emotional numbing symptoms and minimal relationships with other PTSD symptoms. Upon examining the incremental validity of appetitive functioning (i.e., anhedonia, emotional numbing) over and above aversive functioning (i.e., re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper-arousal PTSD symptoms) variables, greater emotional numbing increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with a major depressive disorder, and greater anhedonia increased the likelihood of being diagnosed with additional anxiety disorders and to a lesser extent, psychotic disorders. Results were consistent with research on the distinction of appetitive and aversive functioning, providing insight into the nature of PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, MS 3F5, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. tkashdan@gmu.edu
authors.forename: Todd B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kashdan
authors.forename: Jon D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Elhai
authors.forename: B Christopher
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Frueh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*