title: The concept of hepatitis B virus mutant escape.
abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase is an error-prone enzyme, and this results in a large number of nucleotide substitutions during replication. As a result, HBV has a "quasispecies" distribution in infected individuals, meaning that HBV circulates as a complex mixture of genetically distinct but closely related variants that are in equilibrium at a given time point of infection in a given replicative environment. The quasispecies distribution of HBV implies that any newly generated mutation conferring a selective advantage to the virus in a given replicative environment will allow the corresponding viral population to overtake the other variants. Such selection processes occur at any step of infection to allow the emergence of variant viruses, such as precore and core promoter mutants during the natural course of infection, HBs antigen mutants under the pressure of active or passive anti-HBs immunization, or HBV mutants that are resistant to the antiviral action of specific HBV inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, INSERM U635, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Unioersité Paris 12, Créteil, France. jean-michel.pawlotskyhmn.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pawlotsky
mesh_terms: D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase