title: [Oxidative stress in a model of experimental diabetic retinopathy: the utility of peroxinytrite scavengers].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The retina is the neurosensorial tissue of the eye and is extremely rich in polyunsaturated lipid membranes. This feature makes it especially sensitive to oxygen and/or nitrogen activated species and lipid peroxidation. Several authors have postulated the importance of superoxide (O2-) and peroxynitrite production in the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, we have used two different antioxidants, ebselen and lutein, that present as a common feature their peroxynitrite scavenging capacity, to ameliorate the oxidative stress that exists in the retina in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hyperglycemia was accomplished by the intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations in eye homogenates (without the lens) were determined. We also recorded serial electroretinograms (ERG) and measured latency and implicit times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDA concentration increased and the GSH concentration decreased in the eyes of the diabetic animals. Treatment with ebselen and lutein restored the MDA and GSH concentrations to control values. Latency and implicit times were not affected by the diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New studies are required to better understand the protective mechanism of ebselen and lutein in this model of experimental diabetic retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Fundación Oftalmológica del Mediterráneo, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muriach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roma
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bosch-Morell
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Genovés
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barcia
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Araiz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz-Llospis
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004596:Electroretinography; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione