title: Activation of the nuclear factor kappaB pathway by astrocyte elevated gene-1: implications for tumor progression and metastasis.
abstract: Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) was initially identified as an HIV-1- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-inducible transcript in primary human fetal astrocytes by a rapid subtraction hybridization approach. Interestingly, AEG-1 expression is elevated in subsets of breast cancer, glioblastoma multiforme and melanoma cells and AEG-1 cooperates with Ha-ras to promote transformation of immortalized melanocytes. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), a TNF-alpha downstream signaling component, is associated with several human illnesses, including cancer, and NF-kappaB controls the expression of multiple genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. We now document that AEG-1 is a significant positive regulator of NF-kappaB. Enhanced expression of AEG-1 via a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad.AEG-1) in HeLa cells markedly increased binding of the transcriptional activator p50/p65 complex of NF-kappaB. The NF-kappaB activation induced by AEG-1 corresponded with degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of p65 that resulted in the induction of NF-kappaB downstream genes. Infection with an adenovirus expressing the mt32IkappaBalpha superrepressor (Ad.IkappaBalpha-mt32), which prevents p65 nuclear translocation, inhibited AEG-1-induced enhanced agar cloning efficiency and increased matrigel invasion of HeLa cells. We also document that TNF-alpha treatment resulted in nuclear translocation of both AEG-1 and p65 wherein these two proteins physically interacted, suggesting a potential mechanism by which AEG-1 could activate NF-kappaB. Our findings suggest that activation of NF-kappaB by AEG-1 could represent a key molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and invasion, two central features of the neoplastic phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Luni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emdad
authors.forename: Devanand
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Zao-zhong
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boukerche
authors.forename: Kristoffer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valerie
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; C483039:MTDH protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha