title: Effects of regional anesthesia with ropivacaine on arterial pressure and heart rate in healthy subjects.
abstract: The anesthetic, ropivacaine, has been used extensively in clinical practice, but few studies have evaluated this long-acting local anesthetic in dentistry. In this study we evaluated the effects of ropivacaine alone and ropivacaine + vasoconstrictor on the cardiovascular system when used as a dental anesthetic in volunteers. Thirty-two healthy subjects received two consecutive infiltrations of 1.8 ml of either 0.75% ropivacaine or ropivacaine + epinephrine into the pterygomandibular region. Pain sensation, numbness of the lip, arterial pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram changes were monitored for 2 h. The onset of anesthesia was 10 min after the injection and lasted for more than 2 h, and numbness of the lip lasted for approximately 8 h. Ropivacaine alone did not cause significant changes in the cardiovascular parameters, but ropivacaine + epinephrine caused a transient increase in arterial pressure and heart rate 2 min postinjection. We conclude that ropivacaine alone injected into the pterygomandibular region does not affect the cardiovascular system and that the addition of epinephrine has no beneficial effect. This finding may be relevant to dentists endeavoring to find an anesthetic of minimal cardiovascular risk to produce regional anesthesia for long-lasting procedures without the need of a vasoconstrictor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Transgenes and Cardiovascular Control, Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Biomedical Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilton E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Nelson S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Lima Filho
authors.forename: Eliudem G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Elisardo C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vasquez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000379:methods*; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008046:Lip / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D013997:Time Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine