Molecular genetics of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor.
Rhabdoid tumors are extremely aggressive malignancies that generally occur in infants and young children. The most common locations are the kidney and central nervous system (atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor [RT]), although RTs can also arise in most soft-tissue sites. Rhabdoid tumors in all anatomical locations have a similar molecular origin. Mutation or deletion of both copies of the hSNF5/INI1 gene that maps to chromosome band 22q11.2 is observed in approximately 70% of primary tumors. An additional 20 to 25% of tumors have reduced expression at the RNA or protein level, indicative of a loss-of-function event. The INI1 protein is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The complex is recruited to promoters of a large variety of genes involved in cell signaling, growth, and differentiation. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the molecular genetics of RTs.
Biegel
Jaclyn A
JA
Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. biegel@mail.med.upenn.edu
D000818:Animals; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D009154:Mutation; D018335:Rhabdoid Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071796:SMARCB1 Protein; C513266:SMARCB1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors