title: Lower total fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations are associated with higher metabolic rates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The possible role of adiponectin, a protein uniquely produced by the adipose tissue and significantly reduced in obesity and other insulin-resistant states, in the regulation of energy expenditure (EE) is still poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between total fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations and the various components of EE measured in a metabolic chamber in Pima Indians and to test whether body fat distribution may have a role in this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was an inpatient clinical research unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty nondiabetic Pima Indians (45 males and 15 females), aged 18-45 yr, spanning a wide range of adiposity (body mass index 19.6-46.2 kg/m(2)) participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations, EE (24-h respiratory chamber), insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperisulinemic clamp), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and body fat distribution (waist to thigh ratio) were the main outcome measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations are negatively associated with sleep EE adjusted for sex, age, fat-free mass, and fat mass. This correlation is still significant, although attenuated, after inclusion of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal among the regressors and further attenuated when adjusted also for waist to thigh ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease in total fasting plasma adiponectin concentrations that accompanies fat accumulation may be a mechanism to prevent further weight gain by decreasing insulin sensitivity and increasing energy expenditure.
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH/DHHS, 4212 North 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. nicolap@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pannacciulli
authors.forename: Joy C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Bunt
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Arline D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Salbe
authors.forename: Clifton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogardus
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krakoff
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008660:Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin