title: Urinary calculus associated with female genital cutting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female genital cutting is a cultural practice seen in parts of Africa and Asia. Women who have undergone type III female genital cutting (excising the external genitalia and suturing the remnant tissue to cover the urethra and part of the introitus) can suffer various long-term complications. Defibulation, a procedure that opens the overlying scar can alleviate or resolve symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 32-year-old Somali woman presenting with type III female genital cutting complained of infertility, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and exquisite pain upon sitting. She underwent a defibulation procedure to create neolabia majora. Intraoperatively, a 0.8 cm urinary calculus was found beneath the urethra. Postoperatively, all of her symptoms resolved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infibulated scars create a favorable environment for stagnant urine to crystallize and become a urinary calculus.
authors.affiliation: African Women's Health Center, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. nnour@partners.org
authors.forename: Nawal M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Nour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019093:Circumcision, Female / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014521:Urethra; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery