title: Multiple sclerosis: advances in understanding, diagnosing, and treating the underlying disease.
abstract: Recent advances in our understanding of the diagnosis, imaging, pathology, and clinical monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS) have significantly increased our ability to successfully treat this often perplexing neurologic disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now integral to the diagnostic process. Treatment of MS can be considered as three parallel pathways: treatment of relapses, symptom management, and long-term prevention of tissue injury.
authors.affiliation: Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Department of Neurology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA. foxr@ccf.org
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bethoux
authors.forename: Myla D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018450:Disease Progression; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D039441:Integrin alpha4; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000175:diagnosis; D000069442:Natalizumab; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000069442:Natalizumab; D010455:Peptides; D039441:Integrin alpha4; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D016899:Interferon-beta; D008942:Mitoxantrone