title: Determination of antidepressants in surface and waste water samples by capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection after preconcentration using off-line solid-phase extraction.
abstract: A method for the quantitative determination of seven major antidepressants in surface waters and sewage treatment plant effluents by CE using ESI-MS is presented. Calibration curves for the selected analytes were prepared in Milli-Q purified water and Danube river water extract covering a concentration range of at least one order of magnitude. LODs achieved were between 6 and 13 microg/L for Trazodone and 39 and 53 microg/L for Sertraline in the Milli-Q purified water and Danube river water matrix, respectively. For sample preparation eight different SPE materials were investigated. Best results were obtained for a resin based on hydrophilic divinylbenzene (recoveries from Milli-Q purified water 93-96%; from Danube river water 85-99%). Finally, a series of eight sewage treatment plant effluents were investigated with respect to their content in the selected antidepressants. Six of these samples were tested positive for antidepressants, in particular Venlafaxine, Citalopram and Trazodone in concentrations between 36 and 322 ng/L.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Himmelsbach
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Buchberger
authors.forename: Christian W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Klampfl
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001317:Austria; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical