title: Individual case photogrammetric calibration of the Hirschberg Ratio (HR) for corneal light reflection test strabometry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The HR (prism diopters [PD] per mm of corneal light reflection test [CLRT] asymmetry for strabometry) varies in humans from 14 to 24 PD/mm, but is totally unpredictable. Photo(grammetric) HR calibration in (of) each case facilitates acceptable strabometry precision and accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Take 3 flash photos of the patient with both the preferred eye and then the deviating eye fixating straight ahead and then again with the deviation eye fixing at (+/-5-10 PD) the strabismic angle on a metric rule (stick) one meter away from the camera lens (where 1 cm = 1 PD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On these 3 photos, make four precise measurements of the position of the CLR with reference to the limbus: In the deviating eye fixing straight ahead and fixating at the angle of deviation. Divide the mm difference in location into the change in the angle of fixation to determine the HR for this patient at this angle. Then determine the CLR position in both the deviating eye and the fixing eye in the straight ahead primary position picture. Apply the calculated calibrated HR to the asymmetry of the CLRs in primary position to determine the true strabismic deviation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This imaging method insures accurate Hirschberg CLRT strabometry in each case, determining the deviation in "free space", under conditions of normal binocular viewing, uncontaminated by the artifacts or inaccuracies of other conventional strabometric methods or devices. So performed, the Hirschberg CLRT is the gold standard of strabometry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Romano
mesh_terms: D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D002138:Calibration; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000592:standards; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000592:standards