title: Sagittal jaw position in relation to body posture in adult humans--a rasterstereographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The correlations between the sagittal jaw position and the cranio-cervical inclination are described in literature. Only few studies focus on the sagittal jaw position and the body posture using valid and objective orthopaedic examination methods. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with malocclusions reveal significant differences in body posture compared to those without (upper thoracic inclination, kyphotic angle, lordotic angle and lower lumbar inclination).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four healthy adult patients (with a mean age = 25.6 years and ranging from 16.1 to 55.8 years) were examined with informed consent. The orthodontic examination horizontal overjet (distance between upper and lower incisors) was determined by using an orthodontic digital sliding calliper. The subjects were subdivided in respect of the overjet with the following results: 18 revealed a normal overjet (Class I), 38 had an increased overjet (Class II) and 28 had an reversed overjet (Class III). Rasterstereography was used to carry out a three-dimensional back shape analysis. This method is based on photogrammetry. A three-dimensional shape was produced by analysing the distortion of parallel horizontal white light lines projected on the patient's back, followed by mathematical modelling. On the basis of the sagittal profile the upper thoracic inclination, the thoracic angle, the lordotic angle and the pelvic inclination were determined with a reported accuracy of 2.8 degrees and the correlations to the sagittal jaw position were calculated by means of ANOVA, Scheffé and Kruskal-Wallis procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between the different overjet groups, no statistically significant differences or correlations regarding the analysed back shape parameters could be obtained. However, comparing males and females there were statistically significant differences in view of the parameters 'lordotic angle' and 'pelvic inclination'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No correlations between overjet and variables of the thoracic, lordotic or the pelvic inclination could be observed.
authors.affiliation: Poliklinik für Kieferorthopädie, Universität Münster, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149 Münster, Germany. lippold@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lippold
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Danesh
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schilgen
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drerup
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hackenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001415:Back; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D007568:Jaw / Q000473:pathology*; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000473:pathology; D008141:Lordosis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000379:methods; D010388:Pelvis; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors