title: Effect of aspirin plus clopidogrel on inflammatory markers in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aspirin can inhibit inflammatory reactions and platelet aggregation, but little is known about the effects of the combination of aspirin plus clopidogrel, a new antiplatelet agent, on inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aspirin plus clopidogrel can further suppress inflammation in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifteen patients with NSTEACS were randomized into two groups: group A (aspirin alone, n =58) and group B (aspirin plus clopidogrel, n =57). Patients in group A received a loading dose of 300 mg aspirin, then 100 mg per day. The patients in group B received a loading dose of 300 mg aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel, then 100 mg aspirin and 75 mg clopidogrel per day. Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured in all patients at baseline prior to any drug treatment after admission, and at 7 and 30 days after beginning drug treatment. Thirty healthy volunteers on no medications were enrolled as controls (group C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline levels of hs-CRP and TNF-alpha in group A and group B were significantly higher than those in group C. Seven days after administration, the levels of hs-CRP in both group A and group B decreased significantly [Group A: (6.15 +/- 1.39) mg/L vs (9.18 +/- 1.62) mg/L, P <0.01; Group B:(4.99 +/- 1.62) mg/L vs (10.29 +/- 1.47) mg/L, P <0.01]. Similarly, levels of TNF- alpha in both groups decreased at 7 days compared to baseline [Group A: (90.99 +/- 28.91) pg/ml vs (117.20 +/- 37.13) pg/ml, P <0.01; Group B: (74.32 +/- 21.83) pg/ml vs (115.27 +/- 32.11) pg/ml, P <0.01]. Thirty days after administration, the levels of hs-CRP in both group A and group B decreased further to (3.49 +/- 1.53) mg/L, and (2.40 +/- 1.17) mg/L respectively (P <0.01 for both comparisons). Levels of TNF-alpha in groups A and B also decreased significantly between 7 and 30 days, to 63.28 +/- 29.01 pg/ml (group A) and (43.95 +/- 17.10) pg/ml (group B; P <0.01 for both comparisons). Significantly lower levels of hs-CRP and TNF-alpha were observed in group B compared to Group A at thirty days after initiating drug treatment (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspirin plus clopidogrel treatment reduced levels of serum hs-CRP and TNF-alpha in patients with NSTEACS significantly more than aspirin alone. Because both aspirin and clopidogrel produce important anti-inflammatory effects, these results suggest the possibility that long-term treatment with aspirin plus clopidogrel may produce greater clinical benefits compared to treatment with aspirin alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Center of Chest Pain, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Yu-guo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiu-shang
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Rui-juan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Rui-jian
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin