title: Co-existence of ununited anconeal process and fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna in the dog.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna in dogs with ununited anconeal process. The efficacy of presurgical radiography to diagnose the co-existence of these diseases was also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-five joints from 137 dogs with ununited anconeal process were included in the study. For the radiographic examinations, an extended mediolateral projection and a craniolateral-caudomedial oblique projection of each elbow joint were taken before surgery. Inspection of the medial part of the joint was carried out either by arthrotomy or arthroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two per cent of the dogs were German shepherd dogs. In 25 joints (16 per cent) a fragmented medial coronoid process was diagnosed and removed via arthrotomy or arthroscopy. The co-existence of a fragmented medial coronoid process was diagnosed correctly in only 13 cases (52 per cent) by radiography. In five of these cases with advanced osteoarthritis, the fragment was directly visible because of its dislocation. Compared with published information, the occurrence of ununited anconeal process with fragmented medial coronoid process is noted more frequently in the present study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be summarised that if ununited anconeal process is present, it is not usually possible to clearly identify fragmented medial coronoid process by radiography. Therefore, it is important to be able to inspect the medial aspect of the joint concerned during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fehr
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nolte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D001947:Breeding; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000662:veterinary; D011859:Radiography; D012737:Sex Factors; D014457:Ulna / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*