title: [Cardiac function alterations in pectus excavatum].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cosmetic deformity and psychological repercusion are the main surgical indications in pectus excavatum. However cardiopulmonary function is subclinically abnormal in some patients. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that heart response during physical activity improves after surgical correction of pectus excavatum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty five patients were operated upon for pectus excavatum during the last 10 years at our institution. Baseline ecocardiography and isometric effort test (Handgrip) were preoperatively performed in 15 patients (11 males and 4 females) aged from 6 to 15 years (median 9,63). An increase below 12% in cardiac index was considered as positive. In those patients with positive tests, a new test was made 6 months after surgical correction. Pre and postoperative results were compared using non-parametric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline cardiac index values were normal in all cases (11). Four patients were not included, 2 because of no collaboration (aged 6 and 7 years) and 2 because difficult ecocardiography interpretation (both operated upon for congenital diaphragmatic hernia). Overall, preoperative test was negative in 6 patients and positive in the remaining 5. Postoperative test was made in these 5 patients, and all of them showed an improvement in cardiac index (medium 40,6%, range 25-70) when compared to preoperative values. There was statistically significant association between test values and patient ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline cardiac index values were normal in children with pectus excavatum, albeit 45,5% of them showed a limited response to exercise. Pectus excavatum repair improves these values, so physiopathological indication as well as cosmetic one should be considered specially in children.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Pediátrica y Servicio de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Universitario La Paz, Madrid. aneandresmo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Andrés
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Encinas
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Luis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olivares
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tovar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male