Application of pericardial fluid to the analysis of morphine (heroin) and cocaine in forensic toxicology.
In this study opiates (morphine and codeine) and cocaine and its related metabolites (benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene) were analyzed in pericardial fluid by GC/MS. This is the first study reporting levels of drugs of abuse in this body fluid. The analytical method used has been previously validated and then applied to 54 drug-related deaths in the Barcelona area (Spain). Median levels were as follows: morphine 589ng/ml, range 19-8857 (n=49); codeine 26ng/ml, range 15-343 (n=35); cocaine 78ng/ml, range 10-220 (n=14), benzoylecgonine 742ng/ml, range 20-3386 (n=15), and cocaethylene 36ng/ml, range 9-100 (n=13). In addition, a comparative study of the concentration of opiates and cocaine in pericardial fluid by both semi-quantitative EMIT d.a.u. and GC/MS (used as reference) was performed. Fairly good correlations for opiates (r=0.905) and cocaine (r=0.859) were found; however, the consistently low results of EMIT in the analysis of cocaine comparing to GC/MS could be caused by matrix effect. In spite of that, it raises the possibility of using the immunoassay as a preliminary technique in forensic toxicology.
Contreras
María Teresa
MT
National Institute of Toxicology, Department of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Hernández
Antonio F
AF
González
Marisa
M
González
Susana
S
Ventura
Rosa
R
Pla
Antonio
A
Valverde
Juan Luis
JL
Segura
Jordi
J
de la Torre
Rafael
R
D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D003061:Codeine / Q000032:analysis; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis*; D053593:Forensic Toxicology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D009020:Morphine / Q000032:analysis; D009294:Narcotics / Q000032:analysis*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000737:chemistry*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods
D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D009020:Morphine; C066444:cocaethylene; D003042:Cocaine; D003061:Codeine