title: Operative and nonoperative treatments of medial collateral ligament rupture with early anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The apparent consensus is that solitary medial collateral ligament rupture can be treated nonoperatively, but treatment of severe combined ruptures of the medial collateral ligament and anterior cruciate ligament remains controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Nonoperative and early operative treatments of grade III medial collateral ligament rupture lead to similar results when the anterior cruciate ligament is reconstructed in the early phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven consecutive patients with combined anterior cruciate ligament and grade III medial collateral ligament injuries were randomized into 2 groups. The medial collateral ligament injury was treated operatively in group 1 (n = 23) and non-operatively in group 2 (n = 24). In both groups, the anterior cruciate ligament injury was treated with early reconstruction, using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft and interference screw. Two years postoperatively, knee stability was measured with a KT-1000 arthrometer and Telos valgus radiography and knee extension strength with a Biodex dynamometer and a 1-legged hop test. An International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation form and Lysholm score were completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 47 patients were available for clinical evaluation for a mean of 27 months (range, 20-37 months) after surgery. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to subjective function of the knee, postoperative stability, range of motion, muscle power, return to activities, Lysholm score, and overall International Knee Documentation Committee evaluation. The subjective outcome and Lysholm score were good and anteroposterior knee stability excellent in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonoperative and operative treatments of medial collateral ligament injuries lead to equally good results. Medial collateral ligament ruptures need not be treated operatively when the anterior cruciate ligament is reconstructed in the early phase.
authors.affiliation: Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. jyrki.halinen@hus.fi
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halinen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirvensalo
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santavirta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D017888:Medial Collateral Ligament, Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012421:Rupture / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery