title: Cytokine-stimulated phosphorylation of GSK-3 is primarily dependent upon PKCs, not PKB.
abstract: The regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) by phosphorylation at inhibitory sites has been well documented. In many, but not all, cases, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and particularly the downstream kinase protein kinase B (PKB)/akt, have been shown to be responsible for GSK-3 phosphorylation. Given that no studies have ever reported cytokine-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3, we investigated the phosphorylation of this kinase in several hemopoietic cell types in response to either interleukin (IL)-3, IL-4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Each of the cytokines was able to stimulate phosphorylation of the isoforms GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta. However, only in the case of IL-4 stimulation was there any dependence on PKB for this phosphorylation. We were clearly able to show that PKB was capable of phosphorylating GSK-3 in these cells, but studies using inhibitors of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of kinases have shown that these enzymes are more likely to play a key role in GSK-3 phosphorylation. Cytokine-mediated generation of diacylglycerol was demonstrated, supporting the possible activation of PKC family members. Thus, cytokine-dependent GSK-3 phosphorylation in hemopoietic cells proceeds primarily through PKB independent pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Jack Bell Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vilimek
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duronio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D004075:Diglycerides; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D012694:Serine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate