title: Practitioner empathy, patient enablement and health outcomes: a prospective study of acupuncture patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure acupuncture patients' perceptions of practitioner empathy at the initial consultation and its relationship with patient enablement, and prospectively reported changes in symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen acupuncturists asked consecutive new patients to complete a questionnaire within 2 days of the first consultation. The questionnaire included the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure (a consultation process measure), the Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI, a consultation outcome measure) and the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP), a patient-centred symptom, well-being and activity outcome measure. A postal follow-up questionnaire was completed at 8 weeks, which repeated these measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two patients (58% of all new patients) completed the initial questionnaire. Of these, 41 (79%) completed the follow-up questionnaire. From a multiple regression analysis, which controlled for known confounders, empathy was found to be associated with enablement at the initial consultation (Beta coefficient=0.16, 95% CI: 0.02-0.31, p=0.03) and empathy-predicted changes in health outcome (MYMOP) at 8 weeks (Beta=0.07, 95% CI: 0.004-0.13, p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients' perception of practitioner empathy was associated with patient enablement at initial consultation and predicted changes in health outcome at 8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The empathy of practitioners, as perceived by patients, has a direct impact on patient enablement and health outcome.
authors.affiliation: University of Edinburgh, Public Health Sciences, Edinburgh, Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Stewart W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: MacPherson
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006694:Holistic Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom