title: 4-nonylphenol-induced toxicity and apoptosis in Hydra attenuata.
abstract: Effects of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on the morphology and survival of the cnidarian Hydra attenuata were studied under acute exposure conditions. The lethal concentration value inducing 50% mortality after 96 h was 97.5 +/- 20 microg/L, whereas the lethal concentration value inducing 10% mortality after 96 h was 64 +/- 25.5 microg/L. The no-observed-effect concentration based on morphological criteria was less than 25 microg/L. Hydra was one of the most sensitive freshwater invertebrate species behind the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Toxicity effects appeared rapidly and did not evolve substantially between 24 and 96 h of exposure. Induction of apoptosis was registered during the first hour of exposure to 4-NP at lethal concentrations, indicating rapid effects of the chemical. Abnormal increase of apoptosis may explain the acute toxicity of 4-NP in hydra. Results show that hydra viability is affected in the short term at 4-NP concentrations normally found in contaminated sites, but not at those concentrations reflecting lower levels of environmental contamination.
authors.affiliation: Lab Ecotoxicité et Santé Environnementale, CNRS UMR 7146, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences, Université de Metz, France. ese@sciences.univ-metz.fr
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pachura
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cambon
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blaise
authors.forename: Paule
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vasseur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005618:Fresh Water; D006829:Hydra / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009026:Mortality; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041594:4-nonylphenol