title: Tensile bond strength of dual curing resin-based cements to commercially pure titanium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the tensile bond strength of dual curing luting resin cements to commercially pure titanium at 10 min and 24h after removal of the oxide layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty titanium discs were obtained by casting and polishing with silicon carbide papers. The titanium discs were sandblasted with 50 microm aluminum oxide, ultrasonic cleaned and bonded in pairs with the resin-based cements Panavia F and Rely X ARC at 10 min and 24h after the sandblasting. The tensile test was performed with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min in an Instron Universal testing machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Rely X ARC reached the highest tensile strength value at 24h after sandblasting (18.27 MPa), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two dual curing resin cements for both times tested. All specimens showed a mixture of cohesive fracture in the resin cement and adhesive failure. However, the predominant failure mode for Panavia F was cohesive in resin cement, and the Rely X ARC exhibited a greater proportion of specimens with adhesive failure between the alloy and resin luting cement at 10 min and 24h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both cements had, statistically, the same tensile bond strength. But in the fracture mode analysis, the adhesive predominant fracture mode of Rely X ARC cement indicates a premature clinical adhesive failure. On the other hand, the cohesive predominant fracture mode of Panavia F indicates a longer clinical adhesive bond with titanium.
authors.affiliation: Lutheran University of Brazil, School of Dentistry, Dental Materials Area, Av. Universitària, 95560-00 Torres, RS, Brazil. rafschneider@ibest.com.br
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Mario Fernando
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: de Goes
authors.forename: Guilherme Elias Pessanha
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Daniel C N
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003764:Dental Materials; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D017655:Silicon Compounds; C009495:titanium dioxide; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C022088:silicon carbide