title: Distribution of molecular subtypes within Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type 4 and S. Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 in nine European countries, 2000-2004: results of an international multi-centre study.
abstract: This study investigates the distribution of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles within Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4 and S. Typhimurium definitive phage type (DT) 104, from cases of human infection in nine European countries from 2000 to 2004. Isolates were subtyped using standardized methods and gel images submitted by each participating country to the coordinating centre (Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, UK), where they were entered into a central database, developed within BioNumerics software, and designated using an agreed nomenclature. S. Enteritidis PT4 (n=3637) was differentiated into 38 different profiles. Simpson's index of diversity (D) of profiles ranged from 0.2 to 0.4. Profile SENTXB.0001 represented at least 80% of all profiles in each country. S. Typhimurium DT104 (n=1202) was differentiated into 28 different profile types. Simpson's D was at least 0.6 in all countries except in Austria and Italy. In both these countries over 74% of S. Typhimurium DT104 profiles were STYMXB.0013. Profile STYMXB.0061, was predominant in Denmark, Spain, Finland and England and Wales where it represented between 36% and 45% of profiles. Profile STYMXB.0001 represented nearly half of all profiles in Scotland and 23% in England and Wales. PFGE is proving useful for further discrimination within S. Enteritidis PT4 and S. Typhimurium DT104. Ascertainment of international outbreaks involving common serotypes and phage types may be increased by the timely pooling of PFGE profiles within a central database readily accessible to all participating countries.
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, UK. amanda.gatto@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gatto
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: I S T
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'brien
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berghold
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lederer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerner-Smidt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torpdahl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siitonen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lukinmaa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tschäpe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prager
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Luzzi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dionisi
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: VAN DER Zwaluw
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Usera
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Echeita
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Threlfall
mesh_terms: D001434:Bacteriophage Typing / Q000379:methods*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*