title: Nuclear factor-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat liver graft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the protective effect of NF-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat liver graft.
  
  
  METHODS
  Orthotopic syngeneic rat liver transplantation was performed with 3 h of cold preservation of liver graft in University of Wisconsin solution containing phosphorothioated double-stranded NF-kappaB decoy ODNs or scrambled ODNs. NF-kappaB decoy ODNs or scrambled ODNs were injected intravenously into donor and recipient rats 6 and 1 h before operation, respectively. Recipients were killed 0 to 16 h after liver graft reperfusion. NF-kappaB activity in the liver graft was analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Hepatic mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Serum levels of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Serum level of alanine transaminase (ALT) was measured using a diagnostic kit. Liver graft myeloperoxidase (MPO) content was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NF-kappaB activation in liver graft was induced in a time-dependent manner, and NF-kappaB remained activated for 16 h after graft reperfusion. NF-kappaB activation in liver graft was significant at 2 to 8 h and slightly decreased at 16 h after graft reperfusion. Administration of NF-kappaB decoy ODNs significantly suppressed NF-kappaB activation as well as mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and ICAM-1 in the liver graft. The hepatic NF-kappaB DNA binding activity [presented as integral optical density (IOD) value] in the NF-kappaB decoy ODNs treatment group rat was significantly lower than that of the I/R group rat (2.16+/-0.78 vs 36.78+/-6.35 and 3.06+/-0.84 vs 47.62+/- 8.71 for IOD value after 4 and 8 h of reperfusion, respectively, P<0.001). The hepatic mRNA expression level of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and ICAM-1 [presented as percent of beta-actin mRNA (%)] in the NF-kappaB decoy ODNs treatment group rat was significantly lower than that of the I/R group rat (8.31+/-3.48 vs 46.37+/-10.65 and 7.46+/- 3.72 vs 74.82+/-12.25 for hepatic TNF-alpha mRNA, 5.58+/-2.16 vs 50.46+/-9.35 and 6.47+/-2.53 vs 69.72+/-13.41 for hepatic IFN-gamma mRNA, 6.79+/-2.83 vs 46.23+/-8.74 and 5.28+/-2.46 vs 67.44+/-10.12 for hepatic ICAM-1 mRNA expression after 4 and 8 h of reperfusion, respectively, P<0.001). Administration of NF-kappaB decoy ODNs almost completely abolished the increase of serum level of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, the serum level (pg/mL) of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in the NF-kappaB decoy ODNs treatment group rat was significantly lower than that of the I/R group rat (42.7+/-13.6 vs 176.7+/-15.8 and 48.4+/-15.1 vs 216.8+/-17.6 for TNF-alpha level, 31.5+/-12.1 vs 102.1+/-14.5 and 40.2+/-13.5 vs 118.6+/-16.7 for IFN-gamma level after 4 and 8 h of reperfusion, respectively, P<0.001). Liver graft neutrophil recruitment indicated by MPO content and hepatocellular injury indicated by serum ALT level were significantly reduced by NF-kappaB decoy ODNs, the hepatic MPO content (A655) and serum ALT level (IU/L) in the NF-kappaB decoy ODNs treatment group rat was significantly lower than that of the I/R group rat (0.17+/-0.07 vs 1.12+/-0.25 and 0.46+/-0.17 vs 1.46+/-0.32 for hepatic MPO content, 71.7+/-33.2 vs 286.1+/-49.6 and 84.3+/-39.7 vs 467.8+/-62.3 for ALT level after 4 and 8 h of reperfusion, respectively, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that NF-kappaB decoy ODNs protects against I/R injury in liver graft by suppressing NF-kappaB activation and subsequent expression of proinflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China. xumingqing0018@163.com
authors.forename: Ming-Qing
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiu-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Shuai
authors.forename: Mao-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ming-Man
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lu-Nan
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D009195:Peroxidase