title: Different outcomes of neonatal thyroid function after Graves' disease in pregnancy: patient reports and literature review.
abstract: Graves' disease in pregnancy is a rare condition that directly affects neonatal thyroid function. We describe three newborns born to mothers with Graves' disease and discuss differences in outcomes and management. The first infant presented with a goiter at birth but was euthyroid and did not require therapy. The second infant presented with thyroid storm and the third infant present with neonatal hyperthyroidism, and both required treatment with antithyroid drugs. There was documented elevation of maternal and infant thyroid stimulating hormone immunoglobulin (TSI) levels in all three infants. Management of an infant born to a mother with Graves' disease should include monitoring of both maternal and neonatal thyroid function, and maternal TSI levels during pregnancy. Treatment may be needed if the newborn is symptomatic. With clearance of maternal antibodies and antithyroid drugs, manifestations of abnormal thyroid function in the neonate gradually regress, including eventual resolution of a goiter, if initially present.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamishlian
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Ashutosh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Panayot
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filipov
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maclaren
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anhalt
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ten
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin