title: Vigilant surgical hemostasis challenged by ketamine or hypervolemia induced hemodynamic stress to minimize postoperative hemorrhage in patients with parasagittal/or parafalcian meningiomas: an interventional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevention of postoperative intracranial hemorrhage, a serious and sometimes fatal complication remains the cornerstone for successful neurosurgical procedures. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis whether vigilant rehemostasis challenged by ketamine or hypervolemia-induced hemodynamic stress could minimize postoperative hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a five-year period between 1995 and 2000, in an interventional study, 37 patients having parasagittal or parafalcian meningiomas were randomly allocated into three groups. After accomplishing tumor resection and securing initial surgical hemostasis, the patients received one of the following treatment regimens, i.e. group 1, 1.5 mg/kg of ketamine given intravenously, group II, 1 liter of isotonic saline, and group III, as the control group receiving conventional maintenance fluids intraoperatively, and in all the three groups, the time consumed to achieve rehemostasis at the tumor bed was recorded. Twenty four hours later, a brain computed tomogram was obtained to evaluate the hematoma volume to tumor volume ratio and extent of perifocal edema and the results were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calculated hematoma volume to tumor volume ratio and the edema score in the ketamine group was significantly less than the control group (P < 0.05). These measurements were also less in the hypervolemia group compared with the control group although the differences were not statistically significant. The rehemostasis time was also significantly more in the ketamine group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative hospital stay however, was significantly shorter in the ketamine group (P < 0.05). On the other hand the occurrence of postoperative edema was significantly less in the ketamine group (P = 0.02) compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded from our data that, vigilant rehemostasis challenged by ketamine or hypervolemia-induced hemodynamic stress minimizes postoperative hemorrhage without producing troublesome brain edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. khanzh51@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zahid Hussain
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Seyed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tabatabai
authors.forename: Hooshang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saberi
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002496:Central Venous Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine