title: Structure-function relation of efomycines, a family of small-molecule inhibitors of selectin functions.
abstract: Selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelia, the crucial first step initiating the pathogenic cascade of inflammation, is an attractive target for specific therapies. The small-molecule macrolide, efomycine M, inhibits selectin-mediated leukocyte adhesion in vitro and in vivo, and effectively alleviates inflammatory disorders in vivo. To define the molecular basis of the therapeutically relevant antiadhesive properties of efomycines, several new species of this family were purified and/or synthesized. Efomycines E and G were isolated from Steptomyces BS1261. Efomycine O was synthesized by Lewis acid-catalyzed acetalization and efomycine M was generated by base-catalyzed deglycosylation. Efomycine S resulted from ester cleavage of the macrolide ring system, and efomycine T represents the peracetylated form of efomycine M. When the functional activity of efomycines on adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium was studied, some remarkable differences between the compounds became apparent, inasmuch as efomycines E, G, M, and O significantly inhibited adhesion of both human and porcine leukocytes to the vascular endothelium, whereas efomycines S and T did not show any biological activity. A novel docking engine (ProPose), generating an improved, fully configurable protein-ligand interaction model, demonstrated that biological activities of efomycines can be predicted in silico, thus highlighting the utility of such combinatorial approaches.
authors.affiliation: Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine and Department of Dermatology, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: B Gregor
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Wienrich
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krahn
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Busemann
authors.forename: W Henning
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Boehncke
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Schön
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018942:Macrolides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019087:Selectins / Q000187:drug effects*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D018942:Macrolides; D019087:Selectins