title: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia have high plasma levels of total homocysteine at time of diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cancer can induce venous thromboembolic complications for various reasons. As part of a greater study, acquired and congenital prothrombotic risk factors were investigated in children with leukaemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and compared with similar investigations in children with congenital heart defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken from 60 children with newly diagnosed leukaemia or lymphoma and 133 children with congenital heart defects in the course of a scheduled cardiac catheterization. When children with cancer were in remission, analyses of acquired prothrombotic risk factors were repeated. Children with cancer were observed for symptoms of thromboembolism throughout their treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total homocysteine levels were significantly raised in children with cancer (median value 10.0 micromol/L) as compared with the levels in children with congenital heart diseases (5.0 micromol/L) (p<0.001), while children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had the highest values. The median level of lipoprotein(a) was slightly increased in children with newly diagnosed leukaemia or lymphoma (105 mg/L versus 100 mg/L, p<0.001), and levels of coagulation inhibitors were higher (p<0.001). Total homocysteine levels normalized when children attained remission of cancer disease. Two children had symptoms of acute thrombosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raised concentrations of total homocysteine were frequent in children with newly diagnosed cancer, but this normalized when the children were in remission. The clinical significance of our observations and the impact on venous thromboembolism have yet to be defined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, National Hospital, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway. ellen.ruud@rikshospitalet.no
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruud
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holmstrøm
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brosstad
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wesenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis; D017293:Protein S / Q000032:analysis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000991:Antithrombins; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D011486:Protein C; D017293:Protein S; D006710:Homocysteine