title: Subjective visual sensation during vitrectomy under retrobulbar anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a precise illustrated image of patient's view during vitrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 56-year-old male with cystoid macular edema (CME) associated with epiretinal membrane underwent vitrectomy. The patient seemed to find gratification in being operated on because he was able to see what was going on. He was a professional artist in computer graphics, and he drew three different pictures depending on the surgical procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These pictures depicted the moving of pasty, whirling fluid during core vitrectomy, numerous black or gray spots like snowflakes by intravitrealy injected crystals of triamcinolone acetonide, and a sharp tapered instrument coming into the center and membrane-like material being peeled off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients may see a precise shape in a constant size, scale, and detailed movement as well, focused on the retina without described optics. Further investigation will be required to determine this mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nanae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sugisaka
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014788:Vision, Entoptic / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000295:instrumentation
chemical_list: D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide