title: The testis-specific apoptosis related gene TTL.6 underwent adaptive evolution in the lineage leading to humans.
abstract: The TTL.6 gene is a member of the tubulin-tyrosine ligase (TTL) family involved in apoptosis and preferentially expressed in the testis. We sequenced the coding region and part of the introns of TTL.6 in world wide human populations and five representative nonhuman primate species covering great apes, lesser ape and Old World monkey. The sequence substitution patterns of TTL.6 in primates demonstrated a sharp difference in evolutionary rates among different primate lineages. Our results indicated an accelerated evolution of TTL.6 in the human lineage, which was caused by Darwinian positive selection. Further analysis on sequence variations in human populations demonstrated an excess of derived common alleles, which was likely caused by genetic hitchhiking, an implication of recent positive selection on TTL.6 in human populations.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xiao-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015186:Hominidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000502:physiology; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010453:Peptide Synthases; C510505:TTLL6 protein, human; C023213:tyrosyltubulin ligase