title: Adenoviral gene transfer in the peripheral nervous system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Viral vectors have gained widespread use as vehicles for somatic gene transfer, and the targeted expression of foreign proteins by these vectors offers advantages over the systemic administration of the drugs in some therapeutic situations. Selective virus-mediated gene transfer to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), however, remains to be established. There are no data showing efficiency of protein transduction in the PNS, which consists of a variety of cell types, many of which are postmitotic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prepared the first-generation replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors engineered to express LacZ. Eight-week-old Wister rats were used in this study. Adenovirus vector (5 microl) containing the LacZ gene (5 x 10(8) pfu) was injected into rat sciatic nerves or the dorsal root ganglia at the level of L5. The sciatic nerves, the dorsal root ganglia, and the spinal cords were obtained 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injection. Expression of LacZ was assessed by X-gal histochemistry and beta-gal immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following injection of the adenovirus carrying the LacZ gene into the sciatic nerve, LacZ expression was seen mainly in the Schwann cells and the small neurons in the dorsal root ganglion. In contrast, expression was observed in the primary nerve terminals of the spinal dorsal horn and the small to large dorsal root ganglion neurons and the Schwann cells after injection of the vectors into the L5 dorsal root ganglion. There were no side effects in rats with injection in the dorsal root ganglia or the sciatic nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows efficient protein transduction by adenovirus vectors in the PNS. It is noted that injection of the virus into the dorsal root ganglia leads to extensive expression of LacZ in the spinal cord, the dorsal root ganglia, and the sciatic nerves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko Saito
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtori
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Yasuchika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Hideshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007763:Lac Operon; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*