title: Subjective assessment of depth of anaesthesia by experienced and inexperienced anaesthetists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure 'depth of anaesthesia', anaesthesiologists use a combination of observable end-points such as immobility and autonomic stability. Unconsciousness and amnesia are not reliably observable end-points, but correlate with parameters derived from the electroencephalogram. We investigated the association of subjective assessment and electroencephalographic measures of anaesthetic depth in a group of experienced (>4 yr of experience) and a group of inexperienced (<2 yr of experience) anaesthesiologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ASA I or II patients were assigned to either group. Anaesthesiologists assessed 'anaesthetic depth' using an 11-point numeric and a 5-point verbal scale. Bispectral index and spectral entropy were recorded as electroencephalogram parameters. The association between the subjective assessment and the electroencephalogram parameters was calculated using the prediction probability, PK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Association between subjective assessment and electroencephalographic parameters showed a tendency to a better prediction probability in the experienced group. The difference was significant (P < 0.05) for the bispectral index (PK 0.76 +/- 0.01 for experienced and 0.71 +/- 0.01 for inexperienced anaesthesiologists). In both groups, a large percentage of the data points recorded during surgery showed bispectral index values above the recommended value of 60 (13.2% in the experienced and 34.3% in the inexperienced group) despite a subjective assessment of 'deep' or 'very deep' anaesthetic depth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates that the association between subjectively assigned values of anaesthetic depth and electroencephalographic parameters of anaesthetic depth is better for anaesthesiologists with more clinical experience. However, in the 'inexperienced' as well as 'experienced' group a high percentage of bispectral index and entropy values above 60 occurred despite a subjective assessment of adequate anaesthetic depth. Although there was no evidence for explicit memory, this may indicate a risk for memory formation.
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Anaesthesiology, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. daniel.hadzidiakos@charite.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hadzidiakos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laudahn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rehberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians; D011446:Prospective Studies