title: Challenges in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive: case study of the alpine river Drau, Austria.
abstract: The paper explores a methodology for the definition of ecological water quality indicators on the basis of a case study on an alpine river in Austria. Further, it discusses a particular interpretation of the combined approach introduced in the European Union Water Framework Directive that allows violating emission regulations if cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Division of Urban Water Management, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 13, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. sara.de-toffol@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Toffol
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achleitner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engelhard
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rauch
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004463:Ecology; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D014881:Water Supply / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D014873:Water Pollutants