Modeling human exposures to air pollution control (APC) residues released from landfills in England and Wales.
Human exposures to air pollution control (APC) residues released from 6 landfills were modeled and assessed. Following a qualitative risk characterisation, direct and indirect exposures were quantified. Site-specific air dispersion modeling was conducted for PM(10), PCDDs/PCDFs, Pb, Cd, As and Cr(VI) concentrations at the closest residential points of exposure for 4 landfill sites accepting, in total, 75% w/w of the APC residues disposed of in 2000-2001 (UK). Inhalation risks, assessed by reference to air quality standards at residential exposure points, were assessed as insignificant. Preliminary modeling suggested that indirect exposures from PCDDs/PCDFs at the 95th percentile level for the site where APC deposition rates were highest could potentially exceed the tolerable daily soil intake (TDSI) but this warrants further study given the model limitations. These results offer an initial screen of the significance of potential risks from APC disposal, which is of value in addressing concerns about the uncertainty of potential risks to human health from bulk APC disposal at strategic locations.
Macleod
Christopher
C
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, IGER, North Wyke, Devon, EX20 2SB, UK.
Duarte-Davidson
Raquel
R
Fisher
Bernard
B
Ng
Betty
B
Willey
David
D
Shi
Ji Ping
JP
Martin
Ian
I
Drew
Gillian
G
Pollard
Simon
S
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004739:England; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D006801:Humans; D017745:Incineration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014852:Wales
D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins