title: The potential for chromium to affect the fertilization process of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Hanford reach of the Columbia River, Washington, USA.
abstract: The Hanford Nuclear Reservation in south central Washington was claimed by the federal government as a site for the production of plutonium. During the course of production and operation of the facilities at Hanford, radionuclides and chromium were discharged directly into the river and also contaminated the groundwater. This study was designed to assess the effects of chromium (Cr) on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fertilization under exposure conditions similar to those of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River. Chinook salmon gametes were exposed to aqueous Cr concentrations ranging from 0 to 266 microg Cr l(-1). The current ambient water-quality criteria (AWQC) established for the protection of aquatic life (United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA] 1986) is 11 microg Cr l(-1). Cr has been measured in pore water from bottom sediments of the Columbia River at concentrations >600 microg Cr l(-1). Under exposure conditions designed to closely mimic events that occur in the river, the fertilization of Chinook salmon eggs was not affected by concentrations of Cr ranging from 11 to 266 microg Cr l(-1). Data suggest that the instantaneous nature of fertilization likely limits the potential effects of Cr on fertilization success. As a result, the current AWQC of 11 mug Cr l(-1) is most likely protective of Chinook salmon fertilization.
authors.affiliation: Columbia Environmental Research Center, Jackson Field Research Station, United States Geological Survey, Jackson, WY 83001, USA. aida_farag@usgs.gov
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Farag
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Brumbaugh
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Little
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012474:Salmon / Q000254:growth & development*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014861:Washington; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium