title: Th2 cytokine response in Major Depressive Disorder patients before treatment.
abstract: In Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), the neuroendocrine and immune systems interactions are impaired. We investigated the pro/anti-inflammatory Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in MDD patients and in non-depressed control group. The MDD subjects showed higher levels of cortisol and TNF-alpha, increased CD3+CD8+ and NK percentages, diminished B cell counts and no significant variations in CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte. Moreover, higher levels of IL-4 and IL-13 (Th2) and significantly lower measurements of IL-2 and IFN-gamma (Th1) cytokines were also observed in the MDD group. Overall, we propose that all these changes could be related to the elevated cortisol levels seen in the MDD patients. Further studies are necessary to explore these findings and its implication in future therapeutic approach of MDD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, México.
authors.forename: Lenin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pavón
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sandoval-López
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eugenia Hernández
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loría
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: Mayra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Ulises
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leff
authors.forename: Benito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antón
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heinze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006854:Hydrocortisone