title: The effect of verbalization strategy on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in schizophrenic patients receiving classical or atypical antipsychotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of reports showed en encouraging remediation in some patients' executive deficits thanks to the use of 'information processing strategies'. Moreover the impact of antipsychotics on cognitive functions of the schizophrenics is an important issue, especially if an integrated psychosocial treatment is needed. The aim of this paper is to evaluate different executive performance and response to verbalization, a strategy of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) remediation, in subjects on classical vs atypical antipsychotic (AP) treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three schizophrenic subjects undertook the WCST under standard and modified (verbalization) administration. Subjects were stratified by the kind of WCST response (i.e. good, poor and remediable) and AP treatment (i.e. atypical vs. classical).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects on atypical APs showed a better performance than those on classical ones. More poor performers who did not remediate were seen in the sample with classical Aps while subjects who remediated the performance were seen in the subgroup with atypical APs only. An increase of perseverative and total errors was seen in poor performers subjects on classical APs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects on atypicals showed a better cognitive pattern in terms of WCST performance. Since the naturalistic assignment of medication we cannot draw conclusions about its effect on cognitive performance and its interaction with cognitive remediation potential. However the data lead us to hypothesize that subjects with potential room for remediation did so with the atypical APs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy. alessandro.rossi@cc.univaq.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Daneluzzo
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomassini
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Struglia
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smeraldi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stratta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000145:classification* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011594:Psychometrics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014705:Verbal Behavior
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents