title: Implants as absolute anchorage.
abstract: Anchorage control is essential for successful orthodontic treatment. Each tooth has its own anchorage potential as well as propensity to move when force is applied. When teeth are used as anchorage, the untoward movements of the anchoring units may result in the prolonged treatment time, and unpredictable or less-than-ideal outcome. To maximize tooth-related anchorage, techniques such as differential torque, placing roots into the cortex of the bone, the use of various intraoral devices and/or extraoral appliances have been implemented. Implants, as they are in direct contact with bone, do not possess a periodontal ligament. As a result, they do not move when orthodontic/orthopedic force is applied, and therefore can be used as "absolute anchorage." This article describes different types of implants that have been used as orthodontic anchorage. Their clinical applications and limitations are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Kitichai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rungcharassaeng
authors.forename: Joseph Y K
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kan
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caruso
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008904:Miniaturization; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants