title: Involvement of serum retinoids and Leiden mutation in patients with esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers in Hungary.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the serum levels of retinoids and Leiden mutation in patients with esophageal, gastric, liver, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The changes in serum levels of retinoids (vitamin A, alpha- and beta-carotene, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein) and Leiden mutation were measured by high liquid performance chromatography (HPLC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 107 patients (70 males/37 females) with esophageal (0/8), gastric (16/5), liver (8/7), pancreatic (6/4), and colorectal (30/21 including 9 patients suffering from in situ colon cancer) cancer. Fifty-seven healthy subjects (in matched groups) for controls of serum retinoids and 600 healthy blood donors for Leiden mutation were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of vitamin A and zeaxanthin were decreased significantly in all groups of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tumors except for vitamin A in patients with pancreatic cancer. No changes were obtained in the serum levels of alpha- and beta-carotene, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein in patients with GI cancer. The prevalence of Leiden mutation significantly increased in all groups of patients with GI cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinoids (as environmental factors) are decreased significantly with increased prevalence of Leiden mutation (as a genetic factor) in patients before the clinical manifestation of histologically different (planocellular and hepatocellular carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma) GI cancer.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Medical and Health Centre, University of Pecs, Hungary. gyula.mozsik@aok.pte.hu
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mózsik
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rumi
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dömötör
authors.forename: Mária
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figler
authors.forename: Beáta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gasztonyi
authors.forename: Elod
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Alajos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pár
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pár
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belágyi
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Matus
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Melegh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation; D012176:Retinoids / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012176:Retinoids; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; C095381:factor V Leiden; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D005165:Factor V