title: Sequential balloon dilatation for combined aortic valvular stenosis and coarctation of the aorta in a single catheterization procedure: a prognostic evaluation based on long-term follow up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined aortic valvular stenosis (AVS) and coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is uncommon. There are only a few case reports that discuss the treatment choices and prognosis. We present the immediate and long-term results for a group of children with combined AVS and CoA who underwent sequential percutaneous balloon dilatation in a single catheterization procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases of 13 children with combined AVS and CoA who underwent balloon dilatation in a single catheterization session between August 1995 and May 2002 were retrospectively evaluated. The group was comprised of 9 boys and 4 girls of mean age 14.9 +/- 24.2 months (range = 19 days to 7 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pressure gradients at the valvular level before and after the intervention were 51.5 +/- 22.3 mmHg (range = 8 to 85 mmHg) and 22.4 +/- 18.3 mmHg (range = 2 to 57 mmHg), respectively (p < 0.001). The corresponding findings for the coarctation segment were 22.3 +/- 13.5 mmHg (range = 0 to 45 mmHg), and 5.2 +/- 7.0 mmHg (range = 0 to 24 mmHg; p < 0.001). After the intervention, mild aortic regurgitation occurred in 5 children (38.5%). Mild aortic regurgitation became moderate in 1 patient (7.7%). Three patients developed peripheral arterial occlusion treated with heparin and streptokinase after intervention. There were no deaths during or early after the procedures. Four patients (30.8%) died, all in the first 6 months after the intervention, and the mean follow-up time for the 9 survivors was 57.6 +/- 38.9 months (range = 6 to 107 months). Recurrence of stenosis and coarctation occurred in 2 (15.4%) and 4 (30.8%) cases, respectively. Four patients (30.8%) underwent cardiac surgery. The event-free survival rates were 76.9% at 6 months, 61.5% at 12 months through 24 months, and 30.8% at 60 months. The overall survival rates were 76.9% at 3 months, 69.2% at 6 months, and it remained 69.2% for the rest of the follow-up period. NOTE: Outcomes for 13 patients with combined AVS and CoA who underwent single-session sequential balloon dilatation are described. The results were favorable; there were no severe complications related to the procedures, and no deaths occurred during or in the early period after the intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kursad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokel
authors.forename: Selman Vefa
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Birgul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Varan
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ekici
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D001027:Aortography; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies