title: Evaluation of three new models of hydrocephalus shunts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the hydrodynamic properties of three new types of hydrocephalus valve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three new constructions have been recently tested in the UK shunt Evaluation Laboratory: the magnetically adjustable Strata Valve (Medtronic PS Medical), the gravitational Miethke Dual-Switch Valve (Aesculap) and the ventriculo-sinus SinuShunt (CSF Dynamics). Pressure-flow performance curves were assessed in a minimum of three samples of each valve to study their longterm variability, influence of temperature, negative outlet pressure, external pressure, presence of pressure pulsations, etc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operating pressure of the Strata Valve can be adjusted magnetically in five steps. This Shunt prevents 'siphoning' but is sensitive to external pressure. The Dual Switch Miethke Valve is a system of two fixed-pressure ball-on-spring valves with a lower opening pressure operating in a horizontal body position and higher when vertical. This function is designed to cancel the effect of siphoning related to body posture. Both Strata and DSV valves have a low hydrodynamic resistance (less than 3 mm Hg/ml/min), and hence they cannot prevent overdrainage related to nocturnal vasomotor waves. The SinuShunt has a higher resistance (9 mm Hg/(ml/min)) and a lower opening pressure. The valve is intended to drain CSF from ventricles to the transverse sinus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New shunt technology continues to evolve. Laboratory evaluation independent of the manufacturer forms an important link between R&D laboratories and clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Academic Neurosurgical Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK. ZC200@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Z H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Czosnyka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czosnyka
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pickard
mesh_terms: D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D012212:Rheology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods