title: Alterations in novel candidate tumor suppressor genes, ING1 and ING2 in human lung cancer.
abstract: The ING1 gene is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, senescence, and apoptosis and is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene. ING2, another gene in the ING family, was identified and cloned. The functions of ING1 and ING2 largely depend on the activity of p53. To determine whether an alteration in these genes plays a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression in lung cancer, we screened 30 human lung cancer cell lines and 31 primary lung cancer tumors for mutations in these genes using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing. Our findings failed to uncover any mutations in these genes. We also examined the expression of ING1 and ING2 in lung cancer cell lines that either had or lacked a p53 mutation, and in a control bronchial epithelium cell line, using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ING1 expression was up-regulated in all 7 lung cancer cell lines that had a p53 mutation, while the expression of ING2 was down-regulated in 6 of 7 lung cancer cell lines that had a p53 mutation. These results suggest that the ING1 and ING2 genes have different roles in lung carcinogenesis and progression, and the ING2 gene may be an independent tumor suppressor candidate on p53.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gemma
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosomi
authors.forename: Michiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nara
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Curtis C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D001483:Base Sequence; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000076023:Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C501503:ING1 protein, human; C444654:ING2 protein, human; D000076023:Inhibitor of Growth Protein 1; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins