title: Short-term effects of hyposmotic shock on Na+/K+ -ATPase expression in gills of the euryhaline milkfish, Chanos chanos.
abstract: Changes in expression of gill Na+/K+ -ATPase (NKA) on a short-term (96 h) time-course following hyposmotic shock (direct transfer to fresh water) of the euryhaline, marine milkfish were studied on gene, protein, and cell levels in this paper. Plasma osmolality and [Na+] responded with rapid declines in 3 h post-transfer yet, thereafter, remained constant. Plasma [Cl-] gradually fell to a significantly lower level at 6 h post-transfer. Gills responded to hyposmotic shock by a dual phase enhancement of NKA activity and protein abundance; (a) Before 24 h: NKA activity increased as early as 3 h and reached a maximum level from 6 to 12 h post-transfer coincided with the sustained lower levels of plasma osmolality, [Na+], and [Cl-] since 3 h post-transfer. This was followed by a gradual rise in alpha-subunit protein levels that peaked at 12 h post-transfer. Meanwhile, alpha-mRNA of NKA did no show significant change. (b) After 24 h: NKA activity as well as the amounts of alpha-subunit mRNA and protein increased significantly. Direct freshwater transfer induced a prompt and significant decrease of NKA immunoreactive (NKIR) cell abundance in filaments before 24 h, followed by a significant increase after 24 h due to their development in filaments and lamellae. Increased number of NKIR cells after 24 h of hyposmotic shock may occur in conjunction with rise of NKA activity as well as alpha-subunit mRNA and protein abundance. In conclusion, milkfish is able to avoid an excessive drop in plasma ions immediately upon hyposmotic shock and maintain plasma ions on a marginal lower level in fresh water. Notably, the initial increase in NKA activity (adjustive phase; 3-12 h) and delayed increase in NKA mRNA and protein abundance (regulatory phase; 48-96 h) indicate the importance of a higher level of the gill enzyme in milkfish upon hyposmotic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005618:Fresh Water; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase