title: Modification of the Ilizarov external fixator for aseptic hypertrophic nonunion of the clavicle: an option for treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the results of treatment of aseptic hypertrophic nonunion of the clavicle by external fixation using a modified Ilizarov apparatus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 12 patients from 2 specialized orthopaedic institutions, treated by the 3 senior authors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients (5 females) with a mean age of 38.7 +/- 12.4 (range, 18-50) years with an aseptic hypertrophic nonunion of the clavicle were treated operatively during the period 1994 to 1998. Ten patients had previously been treated nonoperatively, whereas 2 had been treated surgically; the treatment in all had failed. All patients had pain with shoulder stiffness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were treated using the Ilizarov external fixation technique. The operation was performed under general anesthesia and an Ilizarov external fixator was applied percutaneously under fluoroscopic control, without a skin incision or bone grafting. The patients were then monitored clinically and radiologically for 24 to 96 (mean, 45.4) months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiologic evaluation and clinical assessment by the Constant numerical score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean Constant preoperative score was 30.4 +/- 9 (range, 18-44). Healing of the nonunion occurred in all patients treated by the Ilizarov technique. Nine patients had pain relief and gained unlimited range of motion, whereas 3 patients had mild pain during elevation of the arm. A mean period of 75.4 (range, 50-95) days was needed for gradual bone reduction and union. The mean Constant outcome score was 68.8 +/- 14.7 (range, 46-85).
  
  
  RESULTS
  2 patients had superficial pin infections that cleared with local therapy and antibiotics, and 1 patient had a reoperation for a nonunion after a fall onto the floor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ilizarov fixation seems to be an effective method in the treatment of aseptic hypertrophic clavicle nonunions, even in patients where previous surgery has failed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Orthopaedic Disease Banjica, Belgrade.
authors.forename: Slavko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomić
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bumbasirevic
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesić
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bumbasirević
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002968:Clavicle / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D018889:Ilizarov Technique; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies