title: Dietary glutamine supplementation reduces cellular adhesion molecule expression and tissue myeloperoxidase activity in mice with gut-derived sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln) on plasma intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels and leukocyte integrin (CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18) expressions in gut-derived sepsis. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in organs were also analyzed to identify the extent of tissue injury resulting from neutrophil infiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were randomly assigned to a normal group (NC), a control group, or a Gln group. The NC group was fed standard chow diet; the control group was fed a common semipurified diet; and the Gln group received a diet in which part of the casein was replaced by Gln, which provided 25% of total amino acid nitrogen. After 3 wk, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in the control and Gln groups. Mice in the experimental groups were killed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after CLP. Mice in the NC group were killed when CLP was performed. Blood and organ samples were collected for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels were significantly lower in the Gln group than in the control group at 6, 12, and 24 h after CLP. Expressions of lymphocyte CD11a/CD18 were significantly higher, whereas polymorphonuclear lymphocyte expressions of CD11b/CD18 were lower in the Gln group than in the corresponding control group at 6 and 12 h after CLP. In comparisons of MPO activities in various organs, the Gln group had lower MPO activities at 6 and 12 h in the lung, at 6, 12, and 24 h in the liver, at 12 and 24 h in the kidneys, and at 12 h in the intestine than those in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study demonstrate that a Gln-supplemented enteral diet increased lymphocyte CD11a/CD18 expressions, whereas neutrophil CD11b/CD18 expressions, circulating intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels, and MPO activities in various organs decreased with gut-derived sepsis. These findings suggest that, under septic conditions, Gln administration may enhance lymphocyte function, attenuate interactions between polymorphonuclear lymphocytes and endothelium, and thus may decrease neutrophil infiltration into tissues.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chiu-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Chun-Sen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Sung-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Ming-Tsan
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wei-Jao
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040881:CD11a Antigen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D040881:CD11a Antigen; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D005973:Glutamine; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D009195:Peroxidase