title: Partial laser arytenoidectomy in the management of bilateral vocal fold immobility: a modification based on functional anatomical study of the cricoarytenoid joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the anatomical relationships between the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages and apply these findings to design an arytenoidectomy based on a sound anatomical basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 50 patients the length of the vocal process and the distance between vocal process tip and upper border of the cricoid cartilage were endoscopically measured. Twenty-five total laryngectomy specimens were sagittally and axially sectioned to verify the position of the arytenoids and their relation to the cricoid. The anatomical findings led to the design of laser partial arytenoidectomy and cordotomy (L-PAC), which was used in 45 patients with bilateral cord paralysis in adduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anatomical findings showed that the cricoarytenoid joint did not contribute to the airway in any of the measured specimens. Using L-PAC, 100% of the patients were decannulated and no patient needed a postoperative tracheostomy at any time. Only 3 patients experienced minimal postoperative aspiration to liquids (6.7%). Reasonable phonation was achieved as regarded by a speech analysis battery. Three patients (6.7%) needed a contralateral L-PAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The shape of the cricoid and the location of its axis of maximum width ought to dictate the technique of glottic widening to be used in bilateral cord immobility in adduction. The present extra-articular technique, L-PAC, showed its versatility in providing an effective balance between the protective, the respiratory, and to lesser extent the phoniatory functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hesham Abd
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Fattah
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaafar
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tantawy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000379:methods*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*