Embolic protection filters for carotid stenting: differences in flow obstruction depending on filter construction.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the pressure gradient and degree of flow reduction associated with embolus protection filters for carotid stenting in an in vitro experiment.


METHODS
Three filter devices with a perforated membrane design and one wire mesh type filter were tested. At a pressure of 70 mmHg, the flow reduction and pressure gradient were measured in a 5-mm tube using blood-mimicking fluid.


RESULTS
The pressure gradient in the wire mesh filter was 1.65+/-0.49 mmHg (95% CI 1.32 to 1.86). The mean pressure gradient in the perforated membrane filters was 6.88+/-2.62 mmHg (95% CI 6.22 to 7.55, p<0.0001). There was also a significant correlation between pressure gradient and flow reduction (r=-0.77, p<0.01).


CONCLUSIONS
Embolic protection filters cause a pressure gradient and obstruct blood flow. This effect is marked in perforated membrane filters and almost absent in the wire mesh filter.
Hendriks
Johanna M
JM
Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.m.hendriks@erasmusmc.nl
Zindler
Jaap D
JD
van der Lugt
Aad
A
Pattynama
Peter M T
PM
van Sambeek
Marc R H M
MR
Bosch
Johanna L
JL
van Dijk
Lukas C
LC
D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D014160:Transducers, Pressure; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016306:Vena Cava Filters