title: [Directed differentiation embryonic stem cells into the chondrocyte].
abstract: Cartilage is a tough, elastic, and fibrous connective tissue, composed of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix (ECM) structural entity. Because of the poor self-regeneration capabilities of chondrocytes, cell transplantation is necessanry once the cartilage is damaged. Traditionally autologous chondrocytes implantation is applied at the damage site, which has many problems such as the losing of its primary characteristics. A well-defined and efficient protocol to direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into the chondrocyte will provide a novel choice for cartilage repair. This article reviews some major progresses in this field.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhi-gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Nai-he
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Jing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta