title: Detection rate of early fetal echocardiography and in utero development of congenital heart defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection rate of early fetal echocardiography and the in utero development of congenital heart defects (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were selected from all singleton pregnancies between 1997 and 2003 in which detailed fetal 2-dimensional and color-coded Doppler echocardiography was performed in our prenatal unit between 11 weeks' and 13 weeks 6 days' gestation; 2165 cases with complete outcome parameters were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this study period, CHD were diagnosed in 46 fetuses. Between 11 and 13 weeks' gestation, 29 CHD were diagnosed (11 weeks, 9 cases; 12 weeks, 8 cases; and 13 weeks, 12 cases); 9 CHD were found in the second trimester and 2 in the third trimester. The in utero detection rate of fetal echocardiography was 86.96% (n = 40). Six additional CHD (13.04%) were detected postnatally. The spectrum of detected CHD changed with advancing gestational age and was different from the postnatal detected heart defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early fetal echocardiography is feasible and allows the detection of most CHD. Congenital heart defects vary in appearance at different stages of pregnancy and may evolve in utero with advancing gestational age. Therefore, early fetal echocardiography should always be followed by echocardiography at mid gestation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Prenatal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany. jan.smrcek@frauenklinik.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Jan Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smrcek
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Annegret
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geipel
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fimmers
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Axt-Fliedner
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diedrich
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gembruch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal