title: Caspase activity is downregulated in choriocarcinoma: a cDNA array differential expression study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Placental trophoblast can be considered to be pseudomalignant tissue and the pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic diseases remains to be clarified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of caspases 8 and 10, identified by differential expression, on trophoblast tumorigenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  cDNA array hybridisation was used to compare gene expression profiles in choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR, JEG, and BeWo) and normal first trimester human placentas, followed by confirmation with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Caspase 10 and its closely related family member caspase 8 were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Downregulation of caspase 10 in choriocarcinoma was detected by both Atlastrade mark human cDNA expression array and Atlastrade mark human 1.2 array. Caspase 10 mRNA expression was significantly lower in hydatidiform mole (p = 0.035) and chorioarcinoma (p = 0.002) compared with normal placenta. The caspase 8 and 10 proteins were expressed predominantly in the cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, respectively, with significantly lower expression in choriocarcinomas than other trophoblastic tissues (p < 0.05). Immunoreactivity for both caspase 8 and 10 correlated with the apoptotic index previously assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively) and M30 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the downregulation of capases 8 and 10 might contribute to the pathogenesis of choriocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: H Y S
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ngan
authors.forename: P-M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: K Y K
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Tsao
authors.forename: A N Y
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053455:Caspase 10; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology; D011247:Pregnancy; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053455:Caspase 10; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases; C506438:CASP10 protein, human