title: Quorum sensing in Yersinia enterocolitica controls swimming and swarming motility.
abstract: The Yersinia enterocolitica LuxI homologue YenI directs the synthesis of N-3-(oxohexanoyl)homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL) and N-hexanoylhomoserine lactone (C6-HSL). In a Y. enterocolitica yenI mutant, swimming motility is temporally delayed while swarming motility is abolished. Since both swimming and swarming are flagellum dependent, we purified the flagellin protein from the parent and yenI mutant. Electrophoresis revealed that in contrast to the parent strain, the yenI mutant grown for 17 h at 26 degrees C lacked the 45-kDa flagellin protein FleB. Reverse transcription-PCR indicated that while mutation of yenI had no effect on yenR, flhDC (the motility master regulator) or fliA (the flagellar sigma factor) expression, fleB (the flagellin structural gene) was down-regulated. Since 3-oxo-C6-HSL and C6-HSL did not restore swimming or swarming in the yenI mutant, we reexamined the N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) profile of Y. enterocolitica. Using AHL biosensors and mass spectrometry, we identified three additional AHLs synthesized via YenI: N-(3-oxodecanoyl)homoserine lactone, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL), and N-(3-oxotetradecanoyl)homoserine lactone. However, none of the long-chain AHLs either alone or in combination with the short-chain AHLs restored swarming or swimming in the yenI mutant. By investigating the transport of radiolabeled 3-oxo-C12-HSL and by introducing an AHL biosensor into the yenI mutant we demonstrate that the inability of exogenous AHLs to restore motility to the yenI mutant is not related to a lack of AHL uptake. However, both AHL synthesis and motility were restored by complementation of the yenI mutant with a plasmid-borne copy of yenI.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infections, Immunity and Inflammation, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom. steve.atkinson@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Chien-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: R Elizabeth
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sockett
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cámara
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005408:Flagellin / Q000378:metabolism; D008124:Locomotion; D009154:Mutation; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015008:Yersinia enterocolitica / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C096721:FleB protein, Yersinia enterocolitica; D015534:Trans-Activators; C096956:yenI protein, Yersinia enterocolitica; D005408:Flagellin