title: Persistent tardive rebound panic disorder, rebound anxiety and insomnia following paroxetine withdrawal: a review of rebound-withdrawal phenomena.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe tardive rebound anxiety phenomena (panic, anxiety and insomnia) following abrupt paroxetine discontinuation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report, with comprehensive literature review on rebound and withdrawal phenomena associated with psychotropic medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three different discontinuation syndromes with psychotropics are described: (1) new-onset CNS-depressant type withdrawal symptoms (minor and major); (2) rebound syndromes; and (3) supersensitivity symptoms. Abrupt paroxetine discontinuation has been well described and fits the first category. Tardive rebound panic disorder-phenomena with paroxetine has some features of the supersensitivity category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic paroxetine treatment may lead to 5-HT2-receptor down regulation, with desensitization of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors, which may contribute to tardive rebound symptoms upon abrupt withdrawal. Early reports suggest that genetic factors may also contribute to withdrawal symptoms in susceptible individuals. Cholinergic rebound may also occur and could explain tardive insomnia and anxiety in paroxetine withdrawal.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Allan Memorial Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC.
authors.forename: Nadeem H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Bhanji
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chouinard
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kolivakis
authors.forename: Howard C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Margolese
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017109:Akathisia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D017374:Paroxetine