title: Barriers to driving and community integration after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relations among driving status, perceptions of barriers to the resumption of driving, and community integration outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlational research using logistic and multiple regression analyses, analyses of variance, and covariance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one survivors of TBI, 6 months to 10 years postinjury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Driving status postinjury, Community Integration Measure, and Craig Hospital Assessment and Reporting Technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceptions of barriers to driving provided unique information in predicting subjective and objective indices of community integration, even after accounting for other potentially pertinent variables (eg, injury severity, social support, negative affectivity, and use of alternative transportation). Moreover, survivors who had not resumed driving showed poorer community integration than did those who had resumed driving. Social barriers such as directives against driving from significant others accounted for the most variance in survivor driving status. Decisions to cease driving were more common among those with no formal driving evaluation than among survivors who had been evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant others have substantial influence on post-TBI driving outcome. The findings highlight the importance of independent driving to community integration, as well as psychoeducation of survivors and their families.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48226, USA. rapport@sun-science.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rapport
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hanks
authors.forename: Renee Coleman
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bryer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001076:Aptitude; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012951:Socialization; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires