title: Desiccation responses and survival of Sinorhizobium meliloti USDA 1021 in relation to growth phase, temperature, chloride and sulfate availability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify physical and physiological conditions that affect the survival of Sinorhizobium meliloti USDA 1021 during desiccation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An assay was developed to study desiccation response of S. meliloti USDA 1021 over a range of environmental conditions. We determined the survival during desiccation in relation to (i) matrices and media, (ii) growth phase, (iii) temperature, and (iv) chloride and sulfate availability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that survival of S. meliloti USDA 1021 during desiccation is enhanced: (i) when cells were dried in the stationary phase, (ii) with increasing drying temperature at an optimum of 37 degrees C, and (iii) during an increase of chloride and sulfate, but not sodium or potassium availability. In addition, we resolved that the best matrix to test survival was nitrocellulose filters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of physical and physiological factors that determine the survival during desiccation of S. meliloti USDA 1021 may aid in (i) the strategic development of improved seed inocula, (ii) the isolation, and (iii) the development of rhizobial strains with improved ability to survive desiccation. Furthermore, this work may provide insights into the survival of rhizobia under drought conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. cvriezen@microbio.umass.edu
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vriezen
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nüsslein
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002712:Chlorides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003890:Desiccation; D008954:Models, Biological; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013461:Sulfur Oxides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D013461:Sulfur Oxides