title: Chronic recurrent myocardial ischemic injury is significantly attenuated by pre-emptive adeno-associated virus heme oxygenase-1 gene delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the hypothesis that overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase (HO)-1 may protect against chronic recurrent ischemia/reperfusion injury.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Multiple and recurring episodes of myocardial ischemia can result in significant myocardial damage, including myocyte death, fibrosis, and wall thinning, leading to impaired ventricular function and cardiac failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we used a closed-chest rodent model of chronic recurring myocardial ischemia and reperfusion to investigate the efficacy of pre-emptive gene therapy in overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme HO-1, using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-2 as the delivery vector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that constitutive overexpression of HO-1 can prevent myocardial wall thinning, inflammation, fibrosis, and deterioration of cardiac function (as measured by echocardiography, histology, and immunohistochemistry) induced by repeated transient myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. With HO-1 therapy, there was a significant reduction in apoptosis as determined by levels of markers of survival proteins and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end-labeling staining. This prevention of tissue damage was also associated with reduction in superoxide generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together we provide the first evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of pre-emptive AAV-HO-1 delivery for prevention against multiple ischemic injury. This approach protects myocytes by simultaneously activating protective response and inhibiting pathological left ventricular remodeling and, therefore, may be a useful cardio-protective strategy for patients with coronary artery disease at a high risk for recurrent myocardial ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Alok S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pachori
authors.forename: Luis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Lunan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Dzau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013481:Superoxides; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1