title: Adiponectin is a candidate marker of metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents.
abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the use of several biomarkers to identify obese children and adolescents with increased metabolic risk. One hundred sixty-two Caucasian obese children and adolescents (41% males, 9-18 years old) referred to the Istituto Auxologico Italiano between 2003 and 2004 underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Circulating levels of adiponectin (AD), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), interleukin 18 (IL-18), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, uric acid, lipids and insulin were measured. Twenty five percent of obese children had the MS defined using World Health Organization-derived child specific criteria. MS subjects had significantly lower AD (p<0.01) and higher log-PAI-1 (p<0.001), uric acid (p<0.0001), and IL-18 (p<0.001). Subjects with AD levels </=median value had a significantly increased risk of having the MS (p<0.0001), as did subjects with uric acid and PAI-1 levels greater than the median. There was no increased risk with elevated IL-18, CRP, or fibrinogen. Hypoadiponectinemia was independently associated with the MS risk (p<0.0001). In conclusion in obese children and adolescents AD is the best predictor of MS and thus of higher cardiovascular disease risk.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Ariosto 13, 20145 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gilardini
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McTernan
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Girola
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Luisella
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Sudhesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Invitti
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D007328:Insulin; D016209:Interleukin-8; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014527:Uric Acid; D002097:C-Reactive Protein