title: Lead content of dietary calcium supplements available in Brazil.
abstract: The lead and calcium content of calcium supplements available in Brazil were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Samples were microwave-digested in concentrated HNO(3). Citric acid was used as a chemical modifier in the lead analysis. Supplements were classified into six categories: oyster industrialized (OI, n=4), oyster prepared in pharmacy (OP, n=3), refined industrialized (RI, n=6), refined prepared in pharmacy (RP, n=3), bone meal (B, n=3), and dolomite (D, n=4). Lead levels (microg g(-1) of measured calcium) were higher in D products (2.33), followed by OI, RP, OP, and RI products (1.46, 1.32, 1.29, 0.75), while B products had levels lower than the limit of quantification (0.02 microg g(-1) unit weight). Daily lead intake of eight supplements exceeded the limit of California, USA (1.5 microg g(-1) calcium), but none exceeded the federal limit of USA (7.5 microg g(-1) calcium) or the provisional tolerable lead intake by FAO/WHO (25 microg kg(-1) per week).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Centro Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C P
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mattos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Augusti
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Conterato
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Frizzo
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Unfer
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Dressler
authors.forename: E M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Emanuelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products; D001938:Brazil; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D010125:Ostreidae; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008903:Minerals; D007854:Lead; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D008274:Magnesium; C027762:bone meal; C028042:calcium magnesium carbonate