title: Opioid analgesia in persons at risk for hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute pain sensitivity is reduced in clinical hypertension, but the precise relationship between pain perception and altered blood pressure control is not well-characterized. A negative correlation between resting blood pressure and pain sensitivity is observed throughout the normotensive range, suggesting links between basic mechanisms of blood pressure control and pain regulation. The opioid peptides are important endogenous analgesic mechanisms, but their role in the hypoalgesia of blood pressure elevations has not been well-established. The current study sought to examine the effects of endogenous opioids on blood pressure-associated hypoalgesia in young adults at risk for hypertension development.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of the opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone, on cold pressor pain sensitivity were assessed in young adult men (n = 49) and women (n = 76) with mildly elevated casual blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate interactions between hypertension risk and the effects of opioid blockade on pain sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest exaggerated opioid analgesia in persons at enhanced risk for hypertension and point to important links between altered neuropeptide regulation of pain and altered blood pressure control mechanisms in the early stages of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-1355, USA. jmccubb@clemson.edu
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubbin
authors.forename: Suzanne G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Helfer
authors.forename: Fred S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Switzer
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galloway
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D009271:Naltrexone