title: Hydrogen sulfide is a mediator of cerebral ischemic damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We observed recently that elevated plasma cysteine levels are associated with poor clinical outcome in acute stroke patients. In a rat stroke model, cysteine administration increased the infarct volume apparently via its conversion to hydrogen sulfide (H2S). We therefore investigated the effects of H2S and the inhibition of its formation on stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cerebral ischemia was studied in a rat stroke model created by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). The resultant infarct volume was measured 24 hours after occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H2S donor) significantly increased the infarct volume after MCAO. The NaHS-induced increase in infarct volume was abolished by the administration of dizolcilpine maleate (an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channel blocker). MCAO caused an increase in H2S level in the lesioned cortex as well as an increase in the H2S synthesizing activity. Administration of 4 different inhibitors of H2S synthesis reduced MCAO-induced infarct volume dose dependently. The potency of these inhibitors in effecting neuroprotection in vivo appeared to parallel their potency as inhibitors of H2S synthesis in vitro. It also appeared that most of the H2S synthesizing activity in the cortex results from the action of cystathionine beta-synthase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results strongly suggest that H2S plays a part in cerebral ischemic damage after stroke. Inhibition of H2S synthesis should be investigated for its potential as a novel neuroprotective stroke therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Christopher P L H
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Halliwell
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Peter T-H
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D003545:Cysteine / Q000097:blood*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D003545:Cysteine; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide