title: Lower limb fracture, cognitive impairment and risk of subsequent malnutrition: a prospective evaluation of dietary energy and protein intake on an orthopaedic ward.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the dietary energy and protein intake of undernourished older adults (with and without cognitive impairment) admitted to hospital following a lower limb fracture and to determine whether dietary intakes met estimated requirements.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study of a sequential sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The orthopaedic ward of a South Australian metropolitan teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients aged > or =70 years screened as undernourished and admitted to hospital following lower limb fracture (50% cognitively impaired) provided 3 to 5 days of dietary data. MAJOR OUTCOME METHODS: Dietary energy and protein intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary assessment using plate waste methodology and snack record charts commenced within 6 days postinjury and continued for up to five consecutive days or until discharge. Estimated resting energy requirements were calculated and adjusted for activity equivalent to bed rest and physiological stress. Protein requirements were calculated as 1 g/kg/day. Cognition was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cognitively impaired participants and those without cognitive impairment consumed, mean (95% CI) respectively, 3661 kJ/day (3201, 4121) versus 4208 kJ/day (3798, 4619) and 38 g (33, 44) versus 47 g (41, 52) protein/day. Cognitively impaired participants consumed mean (95% CI) 48% (43, 53) of estimated total energy expenditure and 78% (69, 87) of estimated protein requirements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orthopaedic fracture patients at greatest nutritional risk, including those with cognitive impairment, do not achieve estimated energy or protein requirements from diet alone. Effective methods of achieving requirements in this vulnerable group are needed before improvements in outcomes will be observed.
authors.affiliation: Flinders Centre for Clinical Change and Health Care Research, Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bannerman
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crotty
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins