title: Prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in a rural district of Ethiopia.
abstract: METHODS
  A rural district in Southern Ethiopia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, adults aged >14 years were surveyed by home-to-home visit, and asked about cough of > or = 2 weeks with or without sputum, chest pain or difficulty in breathing. Symptomatic suspects submitted three sputum samples for standard smear microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 16697 adults surveyed, 436 (2.6%) were symptomatic and submitted sputum samples. Thirteen (3%) were positive for acid-fast bacilli, and the prevalence of smear-positive TB was 78 per 100 000 population (95%CI 36-120). Twenty-four smear-positive cases identified through the existing health care delivery were on anti-tuberculosis medication at the time of the survey. The ratio of smear-positive cases on treatment to those newly detected by the survey was 2:1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of TB in this rural setting was unexpectedly low. For every two cases of smear-positive TB on treatment, there was one undetected infectious case in the community. However, as our screening technique did not allow detection of cases who did not report symptoms, the true prevalence may have been underestimated.
authors.affiliation: Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. estifanos.shargie@rasmus.uib.no
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Shargie
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindtjørn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*