title: Are comprehensive environmental changes as effective as health education for smoking cessation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of health education on smoking cessation for all smokers regardless of their willingness to quit smoking and cumulative environmental changes including designation of smoking places, legislation, and price rise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of smoking cessation rates over two time periods: the period of health education on smoking cessation (1997-1999), and the period of cumulative environmental changes (2002-2004).
  
  
  METHODS
  An occupational setting in a radiator manufacturing factory in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  All habitual male smokers who remained in the worksite through the pertinent time period (n = 202 in the period of health education and n = 170 in the period of environmental changes).
  
  
  METHODS
  Smoking cessation rates at the end of each time period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The smoking cessation rates over the periods of health education and environmental changes were 8.9% and 7.1%, respectively. There was no difference between these two proportions in a chi2 test (p = 0.513). The age adjustment did not significantly alter the cessation rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cumulative environmental changes are fairly effective in promoting smoking cessation, and may yield similar smoking cessation rates as a health education intervention reaching all smokers regardless of their willingness to quit smoking.
authors.affiliation: Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan. kadowaki@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyamatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hishida
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012926:Social Control, Formal / Q000379:methods; D012931:Social Environment; D017132:Workplace