title: Enhancement of anti-tumor immunity specific to murine glioma by vaccination with tumor cell lysate-pulsed dendritic cells engineered to produce interleukin-12.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to develop an immunotherapy specific to a malignant glioma by examining the efficacy of glioma tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) as well as the anti-tumor immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) engineered to express murine IL-12 using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and pulsed with a GL26 glioma cell lysate (AdVIL-12/DC+GL26) was investigated. EXPERIMENT1: For measuring CTL activity, splenocytes were harvested from the mice immunized with AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 and restimulated with syngeneic GL26 for 7 days. The frequencies of antigen-specific cytokine-secreting T cell were determined with mIFN-gamma ELISPOT. The cytotoxicity of CTL was assessed in a standard 51Cr-release assay. For the protective study in the subcutaneous tumor model, the mice were vaccinated subcutaneously (s.c) with 1x10(6) AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 in the right flanks on day -21, -14 and -7. On day 7, the mice were challenged with 1x10(6) GL26 tumor cells in the shaved left flank. For a protective study in the intracranial tumor model, the mice were vaccinated with 1x10(6) AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 s.c in the right flanks on days -21, -14 and -7. Fresh 1x10(4) GL26 cells were inoculated into the brain on day 0. To prove a therapeutic benefit in established tumors, subcutaneous or intracranial GL26 tumor-bearing mice were vaccinated s.c with 1x10(6) AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 on day 5, 12 and 19 after tumor cell inoculation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Splenocytes from the mice vaccinated with the AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 showed enhanced induction of tumor-specific CTL and increased numbers of IFN-gamma: secreting T cells by ELISPOT. Moreover, vaccination of AdVIL-12/DC+GL26 enhanced the induction of anti-tumor immunity in both the subcutaneous and intracranial tumor models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preclinical model results suggest that DC engineered to express IL-12 and pulsed with a tumor lysate could be used in a possible immunotherapeutic strategy for malignant glioma.
authors.affiliation: Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sung-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Choong-Kwon
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Hyun-Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tai-Gyu
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Kil
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010641:Phenotype; D015202:Protein Engineering; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D018664:Interleukin-12