title: A method for manipulating a movable platform's axes of rotation: a novel use of the CAREN system.
abstract: The functionality of movable platforms used in human balance studies is limited as they allow rotations around pre-defined axes, which typically run close to the platform's surface and so cannot be used to directly investigate control mechanisms of proximal joints. A new six degrees of freedom platform (CAREN, Motek, Amsterdam) is now available which in principle could be programmed to rotate around any axis of rotation. The location of the default axes of rotation for this device are not documented and the algorithm to move the axes has not yet been defined. The purpose of this study was to (1) locate the platform's default axes of rotation, (2) implement an algorithm for relocating its axes of rotation and (3) evaluate the algorithm. A simplified method was developed to locate the bounding rectangles within which the default axes of rotations were located. The three axes of rotation were found to be at x=1.13+/-0.69 mm, z=-204.22+/-0.63 mm in the roll plane, y=-2.67+/-0.59 mm, z=-211.38+/-0.63 mm in the pitch plane and x=0.43+/-0.70 mm, y=-4.72+/-0.65 mm in the yaw plane (X: left, Y: rear, Z: up), relative to the centre of its surface, with the maximum bounding rectangle of dimensions 2.50mm by 2.42 mm. Relocation of the platform's axes of rotation was achieved by the use of compensatory corrections, which were determined using a translation algorithm. Evaluation of the algorithm involved pitching the platform around three newly defined axes in the sagittal plane, representing the ankle, knee and hip joints. The platform was able to rotate around the new axes while keeping the instantaneous axes of rotation within bounding rectangles of 1.87 mm x 0.81 mm (ankle), 3.04 mm x 1.23 mm (knee), 3.14 mm x 1.63 mm (hip). The ability to overcome the limitation of other moveable platforms makes the CAREN system a valuable tool in research on the role of individual joints in balance.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK. G.J.Barton@livjm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gabor J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanrenterghem
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lake
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation