title: Associations between gamma-glutamyl transferase, metabolic abnormalities and inflammation in healthy subjects from a population-based cohort: a possible implication for oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationships between gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT), alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and various metabolic parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and an oxidative stress marker (nitrotyrosine, NT) in subjects without any metabolic abnormalities from a population-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and five subjects with normal body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance, and without any metabolic abnormality were studied out of 1 339 subjects, without known liver diseases, alcohol abuse or use of hepatotoxic drugs, who are representative of the 45-64 aged population of Asti (north-western Italy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients metabolic parameters and hs-CRP levels linearly increase from the lowest to the highest ALT and GGT tertiles, while in subjects without metabolic abnormalities, there is a significant association between fasting glucose, uric acid, waist circumference, hs-CRP, triglyceride values, and GGT levels. In these subjects, male sex, higher hs-CRP and glucose levels are associated with GGT levels in a multiple regression model, after adjustments for multiple confounders. In the same model, median NT levels are significantly associated with the increasing GGT tertile (beta = 1.06; 95%CI 0.67-1.45), but not with the AST and ALT tertiles. In a multiple regression model, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist, smoking, and alcohol consumption, both NT (beta = 0.05; 95%CI 0.02-0.08) and hs-CRP levels (beta = 0.09; 95%CI 0.03-0.15) are significantly associated with fasting glycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GGT, an easy, universally standardized and available measurement, could represent an early marker of sub-clinical inflammation and oxidative stress in otherwise healthy individuals. Prospective studies are needed to establish if GGT could predict future diabetes in these subjects.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universitao di Torino, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy. sbo@molinette.piemonte.it
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gambino
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durazzo
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tiozzo
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ghione
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassader
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase