title: The fractionated Toona sinensis leaf extract induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a murine xenograft model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aqueous extract from the leaves of Toona sinensis Roem. has been shown to have an anti-proliferative effect on human lung cancer cells. In this study, we analyzed the anti-cancer activity/effect of different extraction fractions of the extract from T. sinensis leaves on ovarian cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was determined by XTT cell proliferation assay and cell survival assay. Apoptotic effect was detected by morphological analysis and immunoblotting. Cell cycle effect was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and immunoblotting. In vivo therapeutic effect was evaluated by the subcutaneous inoculation of SKOV3 cells in nude mice (Foxnlnu/Foxnlnu) model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TSL2 of T. sinensis was more cytotoxic than other fractions and exhibited selectivity for ovarian cancer cell lines. TSL2 arrested SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells at the G2/M phase and induced cancer cells go through apoptotic pathway. Ex vivo xenograft study of nude mice showed that intraperitoneal injection of TSL2 was able to suppress the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells without significant nephrotoxicity, liver toxicity, or bone marrow suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, 1 E-DA Road, Jiau-Shu Tsuen, Yan-Chau Shiang, Kaohsiung County, 824 Taiwan, R.O.C.
authors.forename: Hsueh-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hseng-Kuang
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jinu-Huang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Pei-Hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yueh-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Li-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yang-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shyng-Shiou F
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D031587:Cedrela / Q000737:chemistry*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D014197:Trees / Q000737:chemistry*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts