title: The human immunodeficiency virus reduces network capacity: acoustic noise effect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased acoustic noise (AN) during working memory leads to increased brain activation in healthy individuals and may have greater impact in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with control subjects, HIV patients showed reduced AN activation and lower neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate in prefrontal and parietal cortices. Competing use of the working memory network between AN and cognitive load showed lower dynamic range of the hemodynamic responses in prefrontal and parietal cortices in HIV patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that reduced reserve capacity of the working memory network in HIV patients and additional stress (eg, AN) might exhaust the impaired network for more demanding tasks.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA. tomasi@bnl.gov
authors.forename: Dardo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomasi
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Castro Caparelli
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Telang
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006678:HIV / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen