title: Invasive pneumococcal disease in Indigenous people in north Queensland, 1999-2004.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and the impact of pneumococcal vaccines on IPD, in Indigenous people in north Queensland.
  
  
  METHODS
  North Queensland, 1999-2004; there are about 53 750 Indigenous people in the region, including nearly 6900 children < 5 years and nearly 5650 adults > or = 50 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidences of IPD in Indigenous children and in Indigenous adults compared between the 3 years before and after the introduction of a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPCV) (1999-2001 versus 2002-2004).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated annual incidence of IPD in Indigenous children < 5 years of age declined from 170 to 78 cases per 100 000 in the 3 years following the introduction of 7vPCV in 2001. The annual incidence of vaccine-preventable IPD in Indigenous adults had declined by 86% since a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) was introduced to the region in 1996, to 15 cases per 100 000 (95% CI, 8-25) in 2002-2004.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there was a rapid decline in IPD in young Indigenous children, it is unlikely that the incidence will fall much further with the current 7-valent vaccine. There was a suggestion that vaccinating Indigenous children indirectly protected those aged 5-14 years and Indigenous adults > or =15 years of age. Incidence of IPD in Indigenous adults in 2002-2004 was the lowest on record in the region.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Public Health Unit Network, Queensland Health, PO Box 1103, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia. Jeffrey_hanna@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Jan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011793:Queensland