title: Statins and sepsis in patients with cardiovascular disease: a population-based cohort analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerosis and sepsis share several pathophysiological similarities, including immune dysregulation, increased thrombogenesis, and systemic inflammation. The relation between statins and risk of sepsis in patients with atherosclerosis is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a population-based cohort analysis through linked administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, with accrual from 1997 to 2002. We identified 141,487 patients older than 65 years who had been hospitalised for an acute coronary syndrome, ischaemic stroke, or revascularisation, who survived for at least 3 months after discharge. 46,662 (33%) were prescribed a statin within 90 days of discharge, 94,825 (67%) were not. Propensity-based matching, which accounted for each individual's likelihood of receiving a statin, yielded a cohort of 69,168 patients, of whom half (34,584) received a statin and half (34,584) did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence of sepsis was lower in patients receiving statins than in controls (71.2 vs 88.0 events per 10,000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR] 0.81; 95% CI 0.72-0.91). Adjustment for demographic characteristics, sepsis risk factors, comorbidities, and health-care use gave similar results (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.72-0.90). The protective association between statins and sepsis persisted in high-risk subgroups, including patients with diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, or a history of infections. Significant reductions in severe sepsis (HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.70-0.97) and fatal sepsis (0.75; 0.61-0.93) were also observed. No benefit was noted with non-statin lipid-lowering agents (0.95; 0.75-1.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of statins in patients with atherosclerosis is associated with a reduced risk of subsequent sepsis. Randomised trials of statins for prevention of sepsis are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hackam
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mamdani
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Redelmeier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015897:Comorbidity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors