title: Fusion of three-dimensional calcium rendering with rotational angiography to guide the treatment of a giant intracranial aneurysm: technical case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography enables the visualization of intracranial vascular anatomy with high spatial resolution, its ability to resolve calcified features is limited. We present a case in which a 3D calcium density rendering was fused with rotational cerebral angiography to guide the treatment strategy of a giant, calcified, partially thrombosed, middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysm.
  
  
  METHODS
  On screening magnetic resonance imaging, a 57-year-old woman with familial subarachnoid hemorrhage was found to harbor a giant trilobed, partially thrombosed, calcified aneurysm. Three-dimensional (3D) cerebral angiography revealed only partial contrast filling of one lobe with a daughter component.
  
  
  METHODS
  A distinct rotational acquisition volume with parameters optimized for calcium density visualization was acquired just before the conventional contrast acquisition. The resulting 3D calcium volume rendering was fused with the vascular model. Multiplanar interactive visualization of the combined model uncovered heavy calcification at the neck of the aneurysm that precluded direct clipping, and the patient underwent endovascular coil embolization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative assessment of intracranial aneurysms can be facilitated by the current technique, which enables the detection of calcified tissue near the neck, which would otherwise not be possible with 3D rotational cerebral angiography alone.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Division, Department of Neurosurgery, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02211, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hoit
authors.forename: Adel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malek
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D002118:Calcium; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002118:Calcium