Molecular roles of MAP kinases and FADD phosphorylation in prostate cancer.
Mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases are well known serine threonine kinases that modulate gene expression, mitosis, cell proliferation and programmed cell death or 'apoptosis' in response to various stresses. Extracellular stress regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2 terminal kinase and p38 are major members of the MAP kinases, and there is now a body of evidence of their involvement in genesis or sensitivity to chemotherapy of human prostate cancers. In this review, we focus on the molecular roles of MAP kinases and their pathological correlations, with particular attention to novel downstream signals through phosphorylation of the Fas-associated death domain protein that effectively regulates not only apoptosis but also the cell cycle in prostate neoplastic cells.
Shimada
K
K
Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan.
Nakamura
M
M
Ishida
E
E
Konishi
N
N
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D006133:Growth Substances; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases