title: Selective and antagonistic functions of SWI/SNF and Mi-2beta nucleosome remodeling complexes during an inflammatory response.
abstract: Studies of mammalian genes activated in response to an acute stimulus have suggested diverse mechanisms through which chromatin structure and nucleosome remodeling events contribute to inducible gene transcription. However, because of this diversity, the logical organization of the genome with respect to nucleosome remodeling and gene induction has remained obscure. Numerous proinflammatory genes are rapidly induced in macrophages in response to microbial infection. Here, we show that in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, the catalytic BRG1/BRM subunits of the SWI/SNF class of ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling complexes are consistently required for the activation of secondary response genes and primary response genes induced with delayed kinetics, but not for rapidly induced primary response genes. Surprisingly, a Mi-2beta complex was selectively recruited along with the SWI/SNF complexes to the control regions of secondary response and delayed primary response genes, with the Mi-2beta complex acting antagonistically to limit the induction of these gene classes. SWI/SNF and Mi-2beta complexes influenced cell size in a similarly antagonistic manner. These results provide insight into the differential contributions of nucleosome remodeling complexes to the rapid induction of defined classes of mammalian genes and reveal a robust anti-inflammatory function of Mi-2beta.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1662, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Carrozzi
authors.forename: Aaron A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.forename: Caiyi C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Rupa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Imbalzano
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Smale
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004265:DNA Helicases; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009707:Nucleosomes; C445179:SWI-SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C513194:Smarca4 protein, mouse; C509277:Mi-2beta protein, mouse; D004265:DNA Helicases