title: Smoking and systemic disease.
abstract: Cigarette smoking is associated with a number of adverse health effects, including well-established links to cardiopulmonary disease and several cancers. Some of the other important systemic diseases associated with smoking are the subjects of this article, such as diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, and thyroid diseases. Also reviewed here is the impact of smoking on male and female infertility, on selected dermatologic conditions, and on gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel diseases.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. antara@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Antara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallampalli
authors.forename: Kalpalatha K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Guntupalli
mesh_terms: D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000209:etiology*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications*