[Muscular complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the era of effective anti-retroviral therapy].
Introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically modified the natural history of HIV disease, but lengthening the survival of HIV-infected individuals has been associated with an increasing prevalence of iatrogenic conditions. Muscular complications of HIV infection are classified as follows: (1) HIV-associated myopathies and related conditions including polymyositis, inclusion-body myositis, nemaline myopathy, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS), HIV-wasting syndrome, vasculitis, myasthenic syndromes, and chronic fatigue; (2) iatrogenic conditions including mitochondrial myopathies, HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome, and immune restoration syndrome; (3) opportunistic infections and tumor infiltrations of skeletal muscle; and (4) rhabdomyolysis. These features are described in the present review.
Authier
F J
FJ
Centre de Référence pour Maladies Neuromusculaires Garches-Necker-Mondor-Hendaye (GNMH), Hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil. francois-jerome.authier@hmn.aphp.fr
Gherardi
R K
RK
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000209:etiology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D019247:HIV Wasting Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000209:etiology; D017240:Mitochondrial Myopathies / Q000139:chemically induced; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000209:etiology; D009212:Myoglobinuria / Q000209:etiology; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000209:etiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000963:Antimetabolites; D009705:Nucleosides