title: Parkinsonism and/or cognitive impairment with valproic acid therapy: a report of ten cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Valproic acid (VPA) is commonly prescribed and is generally considered to have a good safety profile. Severe neurological side effects, such as acute encephalopathy or tremor, are well-known. Parkinsonian syndromes and cognitive impairment have been very rarely reported with this drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten cases of reversible parkinsonism associated with VPA in 6 women and 4 men, associated with marked cognitive impairment in six cases, are described. These side effects sometimes occurred after several years of good tolerability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had serum levels within the therapeutic range (50-100 microg/ml). Symptoms improved several weeks or months after discontinuation of VPA therapy in every case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several cases of parkinsonian syndromes have been reported in the literature, but usually in children or young adults. These symptoms had an insidious and progressive onset. Clinical features can mimic Parkinson's disease and may be confusing, especially when they occur in older patients. The mechanism of these disorders is currently unknown, but several hypotheses have been proposed. Despite the good safety of VPA therapy for several years, a drug-induced mechanism of parkinsonism or cognitive impairment must be considered in all patients treated with VPA, as discontinuation of the drug can induce significant improvement of the patient's neurological and mental status.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire d'Amiens, Amiens, France. masmoudi.kamel@chu-amiens.fr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masmoudi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gras-Champel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andréjak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014635:Valproic Acid