title: Tetracycline, metronidazole and amoxicillin-metronidazole combinations in proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapies are equally effective as alternative therapies against Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy with clarithromycin (CAM) and amoxicillin (AMPC) is now a standard regimen for Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication in Japan. However, the CAM-resistant rate has increased recently and alternative therapies are sorely needed. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the PPI-tetracycline (TC)-metronidazole (MNZ) regimen (the PTM regimen) as an alternative therapy in comparison with the PPI-AMPC-MNZ (PAM) regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four HP-positive patients visiting the HP-eradication clinic in Tokai University Hospital from July 1998 to March 2003 were treated with either PTM or PAM as alternative therapies. The HP eradication was assessed by urea breath test (UBT), HP stool antigen test, or HP culture method more than 2 months after completion of the treatments. The drug resistances against CAM, AMPC, TC, and MNZ were assessed by the agar dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients (26 PTM and 30 PAM) completed medication and evaluation of the eradication. The eradication rates of PTM were 82.8% (24/29) and 92.3% (24/26), while those of PAM were 74.3% (26/35) and 89.7% (26/29) by intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis, respectively. The differences between the regimens were not statistically significant. There were no severe adverse effects observed in either of the regimens. The drug-resistance analyses showed 15 CAM- and one MNZ-resistant cases but no TC or AMPC resistance in the available 25 samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PTM and PAM regimens were equally effective and safe as alternative HP eradication therapies. And PTM would be particularly useful in penicillin allergy cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan. mmatsushi@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurumada
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masui
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Intetsu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D013752:Tetracycline; D017291:Clarithromycin