title: Fuzzy pattern classification of hemodynamic data can be used to determine noninvasive intracranial pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors previously introduced a method in which intracranial pressure (ICP) was estimated using parameters (TCD characteristics) derived from cerebral blood flow velocity (FV) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). Some results suggested that this model might be influenced by the patient's state of cerebral autoregulation and other clinical parameters. Hence, it was the aim of the present study to improve the method by modifying the previously used global procedure in certain subgroups of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 103 traumatic brain injured patients (3-76 years, mean: 31 +/- 16 years) signal data of FV, ABP and ICP were used to generate samples of TCD characteristics together with time corresponding ICP. Fuzzy Pattern Classification was used to identify cluster subsets (classes) of the sample space. On each class a local estimator of ICP was defined. This approach provides a non-invasive assessment of ICP (nICP) as follows: Using FV and ABP the TCD characteristics were computed and related to the matching classes. nICP was calculated as a weighted sum of local ICP estimations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ICP A and B waves and long-term trends could be visibly assessed. The median absolute difference between ICP and nICP was 5.7 mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The class structure of the model facilitates nICP assessment in heterogeneous patient groups and supports a stepwise extension of the target patient group without affecting the former validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical Centre Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany. BSchmidt@LRZ.TUM.DE
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bocklisch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pässler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czosnyka
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klingelhöfer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity