title: A new approach for evaluating carryover and its influence on quantitation in high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry assay.
abstract: In a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based analytical method, carryover denotes one type of systematic error that is derived from a preceding sample and introduced into the next sample. For typical bioanalytical method development, a significant amount of time and resources are spent on reducing carryover for some analytes. In this paper, the statistical characteristics of carryover were analyzed based on the experimental results. The relative carryover (RC), defined as the peak area ratio of a blank sample to the preceding sample, was constant for the analyte and independent of the concentration of the preceding sample. The influence of carryover on the quantitation of the next injected sample or the 'following' sample was proportional to the concentration ratio of two consecutive samples and the relative carryover. Based on these experiments and analyses, the influence of carryover on the quantitation of unknown samples in an HPLC assay can be evaluated by the estimated carryover influence (ECI), which is the product of the relative carryover and the concentration ratio. This new approach provides a quantitative estimation for the influence of carryover on the quantitation of the unknown sample, and removes the limit put on the dynamic range of the assay by the current criterion of carryover. In general, if the relative standard deviation (RSD) of a validated bioanalytical method is less than 10%, the carryover will not have a significant effect on the accuracy of the assay when the estimated carryover influence is less than 5%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co. Inc., Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA. wei_zeng@merck.com
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Donald G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Musson
authors.forename: Alison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Amy Qiu
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity