title: [Second transplant from the same donor without conditioning for bone marrow aplasia after non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia].
abstract: We describe a 56-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and a past history of stroke, who underwent nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (NST) with conditioning consisting of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. The regimen related toxicity was minimal and patient did not require transfusions of any blood products nor did she have any infections after the NST Since mixed chimerism was observed in both lymphocytes (70% were donor type) and granulocytes (none were donor type) at 56 days after NST, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) was performed on day 68 and then immunosuppressant therapy was discontinued. DLI resulted in graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect, causing pancytopenia and bone marrow aplasia. A second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed without conditioning on day 157, and complete donor type hematopoiesis and molecular remission of CML were achieved. Although engraftment of donor hematopoietic stem cells was not obtained after the first transplantation, donor lymphocytes were engrafted by nonmyeloablative conditioning and immunosuppression. That is, the same result might have been achieved even if the patient had received transfusion of only donor lymphocyte subsets in the first step. Based on this case report, a potential cell therapy is proposed composed of the preceding donor lymphocyte infusion alone, which induces GVL effects, and subsequent donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Hematology, Tohoku University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamura
authors.forename: Minami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harigae
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kameoka
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D020544:Graft vs Leukemia Effect; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000628:therapy*; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D008875:Middle Aged; D014019:Tissue Donors; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents