title: The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the internal mammary artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial function of a vessel may be impaired by local or systemic inflammation initiated by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The present study was designed to investigate the early effects of CPB on nitric oxide production and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in internal mammary artery (IMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients who were scheduled for elective CABG with CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  IMA sections were studied immunohistochemically from these patients. The samples were taken from the distal end of the IMA before the institution of CPB and just before the construction of the IMA-left anterior descending artery anastomosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After CPB, VEGF and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity increased significantly when compared with baseline values in the endothelium (p = 0.0156, p = 0.0313) and adventitia (p = 0.0313, p = 0.0001), respectively. No significant change was observed in inducible nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in eNOS expression may have been induced by the inflammation caused by CPB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. verda.toprak@bayar.edu.tr
authors.forename: Verda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Toprak
authors.forename: B Hayrettin
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sirin
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tok
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saribülbül
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000032:analysis*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000032:analysis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III