title: Frequent 7q gains in flow cytometric multiploid/hypertetraploid breast carcinomas: a study of chromosome imbalances by comparative genomic hybridisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate underlying genetic events associated with complex DNA ploidy breast carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Screening for chromosome imbalances was carried out using comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) in 14 frozen samples of tumour from a series of 13 breast cancer patients with multiploid (n = 11) and hypertetraploid (n = 2) tumours. They had previously been analysed by DNA flow cytometry and also assessed immunohistochemically for p53 tissue expression. Ploidy status was determined on frozen samples using the Multicycle software program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of copy gains (n = 242) was significantly greater than the number of copy losses (n = 51). The mean (SD) number of gains per sample was 17.3 (5.7), and of losses, 3.6 (4.2) (p = 0.0001). Gains of chromosomal regions at 1q (14/14; 100%), 7q (12/14; 85.7%), and 3q (11/14; 78.6%), as well as 1p, 2q, 5p, 8q, and 13q (10/14; 71.4%) were the most frequent aberrations in this series. Losses were most commonly found on 17p (5/14; 35.7%). Three patients dying of the disease had tumours with high level amplifications at 1q12-qter, 3q22-q25, and 8q22-q23 regions. Six cases had p53 overexpression, of whom four showed 12q gains and two showed 17p losses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a very high incidence of genetic aberrations, mainly related to chromosomal gains, in this subgroup of aneuploid breast cancer patients, associated with a poor clinical outcome. The 7q locus, not previously reported as showing frequent changes in breast cancer, was found to be a potential site for some candidate oncogenes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, CROL, SA, Lisbon, Portugal. aepinto@ipolisboa.min-saude.pt
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roque
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017353:Gene Deletion; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm