title: Pathogenesis of bone metastasis: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastasic deposits from malignancies frequently lodge in the skeleton, including the jaw bones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature was performed in order to provide a coherent overview on the pathogenesis of bone metastasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone metastasis follows complex molecular interactions that enable tumor cells to detach from the primary site, invade the extracellular matrix, intra-vasate, extra-vasate, and proliferate within bone. They induce local bone changes that could manifest radiologically as either osteolytic or radiodense. In addition to the direct bone changes, malignancies can elaborate mediators that are released in circulation, leading to generalized osteopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The spread of malignant neoplasms to bone is not a random process but rather a cascade of specific molecular events orchestrated through complex interactions between neoplastic cells and their environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Medunsa Oral Health Center, University of Limpopo, Medunsa, South Africa. ejraub@medunsa.ac.za
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Raubenheimer
authors.forename: C E E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Noffke
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000503:physiopathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000503:physiopathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta