title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 incorporated with fusion proteins consisting of integrase and the designed polydactyl zinc finger protein E2C can bias integration of viral DNA into a predetermined chromosomal region in human cells.
abstract: In vitro studies using fusion proteins consisting of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (IN) and a synthetic polydactyl zinc finger protein E2C, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, showed that integration of retroviral DNA can be biased towards a contiguous 18-bp E2C-recognition site. To determine whether the fusion protein strategy can achieve site-specific integration in vivo, viruses were prepared by cotransfection and various IN-E2C fusion proteins were packaged in trans into virions. The resulting viruses incorporated with the IN-E2C fusion proteins were functional and capable of performing integration at a level ranging from 1 to 24% of that of viruses containing wild-type (WT) IN. Two of the more infectious viruses, which contained E2C fused to either the N (E2C/IN) or to the C (IN/E2C) terminus of IN, were tested for their ability to direct integration into a unique E2C-binding site present within the 5' untranslated region of erbB-2 gene on human chromosome 17. The copy number of proviral DNA was measured using a quantitative real-time nested-PCR assay, and the specificity of directed integration was determined by comparing the number of proviruses within the vicinity of the E2C-binding site to that in the whole genome. Viruses containing IN/E2C fusion proteins had sevenfold higher preference for integrating near the E2C-binding site than those viruses containing WT IN, whereas viruses containing E2C/IN had 10-fold higher preference. The results indicated that the IN-E2C fusion protein strategy is capable of directing integration of retroviral DNA into a predetermined chromosomal region in the human genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Molecular Biology Institute, and UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Wenjie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Barbas
authors.forename: Samson A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018734:Genes, erbB-2; D015894:Genome, Human; D019427:HIV Integrase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016662:Virus Integration
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D019427:HIV Integrase