title: Deterioration of body oxygen metabolism by vasodilator and/or vasoconstrictor administration during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: During cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), tissue perfusion injury occurs even if perfusion pressure is maintained. Although a vasodilator and a vasoconstrictor are clinically administered if bypass flow is maintained, they may restore perfusion pressure without improving tissue perfusion. We evaluated the influence of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors on the whole body during CPB. Fifty-six patients with valvular disease who received moderately hypothermic CPB without blood transfusion were divided into four groups, depending upon whether a vasodilator and/or a vasoconstrictor was administered, and postoperative data were compared. Bypass flow and aortic pressure were maintained at 2.4 l/min/m and 5090 mm Hg. Body weight, dilution, hematocrit level, CPB, and aortic clamp duration, blood temperature, bypass flow, perfusion pressure, base excess levels during CPB, cardiac index, arterial and mixed venous oxygen pressure, and alveolar-arterial oxygen distribution after CPB were comparable among the four groups. However, the time to extubation was significantly longer. Blood lactate levels, measured for patients returned to the ward, were significantly higher in the agent-administered groups than in the no-agent group, whereas blood lactate levels on extubation and blood creatinine levels on postoperative day 1 were comparable among the groups. Vasodilator and/or vasoconstrictor administration during CPB may deteriorate the body oxygen metabolism, which might imply tissue perfusion and worsen the complications induced by hypoperfusion during CPB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Asahimachi street 1-757, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sogawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Namura
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D010100:Oxygen