title: The Tgif2 gene contains a retained intron within the coding sequence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TGIF and TGIF2 are homeodomain proteins, which act as TGFbeta specific Smad transcriptional corepressors. TGIF recruits general repressors including mSin3 and CtBP. The related TGIF2 protein functions in a similar manner, but does not bind CtBP. In addition to repressing TGFbeta activated gene expression, TGIF and TGIF2 repress gene expression by binding directly to DNA. TGIF and TGIF2 share two major blocks of similarity, encompassing the homeodomain, and a conserved carboxyl terminal repression domain. Here we characterize two splice variants of the Tgif2 gene from mouse and demonstrate that the Tgif2 gene contains a retained intron.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By PCR from mouse cDNA, we identified two alternate splice forms of the Tgif2 gene. One splice variant encodes the full length 237 amino acid Tgif2, whereas the shorter form results in the removal of 39 codons from the centre of the coding region. The generation of this alternate splice form occurs with the mouse RNA, but not the human, and both splice forms are present in all mouse tissues analyzed. Human and mouse Tgif2 coding sequences contain a retained intron, which in mouse Tgif2 is removed by splicing from around 25-50% of RNAs, as assessed by RT-PCR. This splicing event is dependent on sequences within the mouse Tgif2 coding sequence. Both splice forms of mouse Tgif2 encode proteins which are active transcriptional repressors, and can repress both TGFbeta dependent and independent transcription. In addition, we show that human and mouse Tgif2 interact with the transcriptional corepressor mSin3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that the Tgif2 gene contains a retained intron, within the second coding exon. This retained intron is not removed from the human mRNA at a detectable level, but is spliced out in a significant proportion of mouse RNAs. This alternate splicing is dependent entirely on sequences within the mouse Tgif2 coding sequence, suggesting the presence of an exonic splicing enhancer. Both splice forms of mouse Tgif2 produce proteins which are functional transcriptional repressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, Hospital West, Box 800577, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. tam6c@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Tiffany A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Melhuish
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wotton
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C505201:TG-interacting factor 2, mouse