title: Reoperations for occluded arterial bypasses in the lower limbs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reviewed the outcomes of reoperations for 29 patients (30 limbs) who had undergone occluded arterial bypass in the lower limbs from May 1996 to September 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 30 lower limbs of the 29 patients with arteriosclerotic obstruction received 44 reoperations, including thrombectomy alone (group T, 27) and inflow or outflow reconstruction plus thrombectomy (group C, 17). Among the 17 operations in group C, 17.6% (3/17) were inflow reconstructions involving the axillary-femoral (1), aorta-iliac (1) and aorta-femoral (1) arteries, and 76.4% (13/17) outflow reconstructions involving the femoral-popliteal bypass-tibial (8), femoral-tibial (1), femoral-popliteal bypass-popliteal arteries below the knee (2), and the femoral-popliteal bypass-tibial-peroneal trunk (2). One patient (1 limb) underwent both inflow and outflow reconstructions with an iliac arterial stent and a graft-popliteal anastomosis patch. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts were used in the inflow or outflow reconstructions above the knee. Autovenous grafts or autovenously combined PTFE grafts were used in the outflow reconstructions below the knee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentages of Fontaine stage III and IV before primary operation and reoperation were 60% (18/30) and 86.7% (26/30), respectively (P < 0.05). Four patients died of heart attack (2), stroke (1) and multiple organ failure (1) after reoperations. Among them, only 1 patient underwent occluded bypass, and others, patent bypass. Five patients after patent bypass are still alive. The accumulative patent rate was 28.6% (8/28). The average duration of patency in groups T and C was (4.16 +/- 5.68) (0.13 - 24) months and (7.14 +/- 6.37) (0.26 - 21) months, respectively (P > 0.05). Among 42 reoperations, 19 failed within 1 month in groups T (16) and C (3) (P < 0.01). Nine patients had limb amputated (10/28 limbs, 35.71%) because of graft infection (2 limbs), pseudo aneurysm at anastomosis (1 limb), and gangrene caused by failed grafts (7 limbs). The amputation was performed on 6 limbs within 1 month and on 4 limbs 1 month after reoperation (P > 0.05). The rate of limb salvage was 64.29% (18/28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percentages of Fontaine stage III and IV before reoperation may be much higher than those before primary operation. Thrombectomy plus inflow/outflow reconstruction creates patency better than thrombectomy alone for re-occluded bypass.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China. chlzhcx@163.com
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ji-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ya-xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bai-gen
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012086:Reoperation; D017131:Thrombectomy