title: Our first clinical experience with radiosynoviorthesis by means of (166)Ho-holmium-boro-macroaggregates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this paper, we evaluate the therapeutic and adverse effects of the application of 166-holmium-boro-macroaggregates (HMBA) in radiosynovectomy (RSO) of the knees. We assessed the efficacy and safety of (166)Ho-HBMA in a prospective clinical trial in patients suffering from chronic synovitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An effective component of radiopharmaceutical (166)Ho-boro-macroaggregates is radionuclide (166)Ho which has both beta-emission and gamma-emission. The physical half-life time of 166 Ho is 26.8 hours. After application of the radiopharmaceutical into a joint cavity, the effect of beta-emission causes radiation necrosis of pathologically changed (inflamed) synovial membrane. From 15th April 2005, we have started RSO of knees by means of new radiopharmaceutical (166)Ho-boro-macroaggregates in patients with gonarthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic synovitis, psoriatic arthritis, gout arthropathy. Seventeen intra-articular injections were performed in fifteen patients receiving a mean activity of 972 MBq (range: 904-1,057 MBq) (166)Ho-HMBA. The patients were hospitalized for three days. Side effects were evaluated during hospital stay and after 6-8 weeks. Static scintigraphy of knee joints and measurements of blood radioactivity were performed. Therapeutic effects were evaluated after 6-8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2 hours and 2 days after application, we proved, by means of knee and inguinal scintigraphy, only insignificant radiopharmaceutical leakage from the joint cavity to the inguinal lymph nodes in four patients. In treated patients, no serious adverse effects occurred. Nine patients were without complaints; 4 patients had slight knee exsudation and 2 patients had great exsudation. Therapeutic effects after 6-8 weeks were as follows: 2 patients were without pain, 9 with lower pain, 3 with the same pain and 1 patient with increased pain. Joint motion was improved in 7 patients, remained the same in 7 patients and was impaired in 1 patient. Analgesics consumption was lower in 5 patients, the same in 9 patients and greater in 1 patient. Knee exsudation was absent in 2 patients, lower in 4 patients, the same in 6 patients and greater in 3 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We proved only insignificant radiopharmaceutical leakage from the joint cavity to the inguinal lymph nodes. Six patients had early slight or great radiation synovitis. The possible cause could be rather high applicated activity. One can take into consideration its reduction. Therapeutic effects can be precisely evaluated after a longer time interval than was possible for us (6-8 weeks after RSO). (166)Ho-boro-macroaggregates can extend the scale of clinically used radiopharmaceuticals for RSO. This paper is presented in the scope of the first stage of clinical evaluation of synovectomy application of holmium-boro-macroaggregates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic. otakar.kraft@inspo.cz
authors.forename: Otakar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kasparek
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ullmann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Melichar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kropacek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirzajevov
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006695:Holmium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013585:Synovitis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D006695:Holmium