title: [Clinical study on bacterial translocation in severe multiple trauma patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate bacterial translocation in severe multiple trauma patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of bacteria in the blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen severe multiple trauma patients [injury severity score (ISS)>20] in surgery intensive care unit (SICU) were selected. Blood samples were collected 2, 24 and 48 hours after trauma for bacterial culture and microbial DNA detection. Meanwhile, plasma levels of D-lactate and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in systemic circulation were determined. PCR was performed after DNA extraction, with target beta-lactosidase gene of E. coli and 16SrRNA gene of most pathogenic bacteria. All patients were observed within 30 days for infectious complications. D-lactate and LPS levels were determined in 63 patients before selective operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microbial DNA could be detected in blood as early as 2 hours following severe trauma, and altogether positive results were found in 10 patients (62.50%). All PCR-positive patients manifested sepsis, but none of the PCR-negative patients did (P<0.01). Bacterial DNA was discovered in 100.00% of sepsis patients and none in non-sepsis patients (P<0.01). Seventy percent of PCR-positive patients developed infectious complications, while none of PCR-negative patients did (P<0.01). The blood culture was positive only in 3 patients (18.75%), all of them were PCR-positive. E.coli DNA was found in 70.00% of all the PCR positive blood specimens. Systemic plasma concentration of D-lactate and LPS of all patients was significantly higher than that in control group, which consisted of 63 inpatients waiting for elective operations. Systemic plasma level of D-lactate showed a positive correlation with that of LPS (r=0.94, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal bacterial translocation (most commonly E. coli) might occur early (2 hours) after severe trauma. Infection and sepsis have a close relationship with bacterial translocation. Detection of blood microbial DNA using PCR could reflect bacteria translocation and forecast imminent infection and sepsis.
authors.affiliation: First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100037, China. drqiaozhi@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Zhan-liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ji-ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Lian-rong
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Jun-you
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019344:Lactic Acid