title: Enhancement of neuroprotection of mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) prepared by the anaerobic treatment against ischemic damage.
abstract: Several neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases have been attributed to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) depletion in the brain. In order to provide a pharmacological basis for the neuroprotective actions of the enhanced accumulation of GABA in mulberry leaves (ML) against cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo, a process was developed to enhance the accumulation of GABA in mulberry leaves (GAML) as a result of the various anaerobic treatments. The GABA concentrations were changed by N(2) gas purging, the reaction temperature, reaction time, pH and the leaf size. GABA enhanced the potential of neuroprotection in the PC12 cells damaged by H(2)O(2)-induced oxidation. GAML reduced the cytotoxicity in the PC12 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation-induced cerebral ischemic condition. The neuroprotective effect of GAML was further demonstrated in vivo using middle cerebral artery occlusion brain injury model. GAML significantly decreased the infarct volume of the brain compared with than control group. Overall, these results suggest that the anaerobic treatment of ML makes GAML enhance the neuroprotection effect against in vivo cerebral ischemia such as in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyunghee University, Kyunggi 446-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tong Ho
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hye Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Sun Moon
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Mee Won
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong Kon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Yeou
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D028321:Plant Preparations; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid