title: Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid elicitation induces ginsenosides accumulation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant in suspension culture Panax ginseng roots in bioreactors.
abstract: The effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) on changes of the activities of major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide anion accumulation (O2-), ascorbate, total glutathione (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ginsenoside accumulation were investigated in ginseng roots (Panax ginseng L.) in 4 l (working volume) air lift bioreactors. Single treatment of 200 microM MJ and SA to P. ginseng roots enhanced ginsenoside accumulation compared to the control and harvested 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after treatment. MJ and SA treatment induced an oxidative stress in P. ginseng roots, as shown by an increase in lipid peroxidation due to rise in O2- accumulation. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was inhibited in MJ-treated roots, while the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), SOD, guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were induced in SA-treated roots. A strong decrease in the activity of catalase (CAT) was obtained in both MJ- and SA-treated roots. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S transferase (GST) were higher in MJ than SA while the contents of reduced ascorbate (ASC), redox state (ASC/(ASC+DHA)) and TG were higher in SA- than MJ-treated roots while oxidized ascorbate (DHA) decreased in both cases. The result of these analyses suggests that roots are better protected against the O2- stress, thus mitigating MJ and SA stress. The information obtained in this work is useful for efficient large-scale production of ginsenoside by plant-root cultures.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-ju, 361-763 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mohammad Babar
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Kee-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Kee-Yoeup
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Paek
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D054883:Oxylipins; D005894:Panax / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000975:Antioxidants; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D036145:Ginsenosides; D054883:Oxylipins; C072239:methyl jasmonate; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D020156:Salicylic Acid