title: [Amifostine otoprotection to cisplatin ototoxicity: a guinea pig study using otoacoustic emission distortion products (DPOEA) and scanning electron microscopy].
abstract: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug for cancer treatment in children and adults. The side effects of cisplatin ototoxicity are significant: irreversible bilateral hearing damage to high frequencies (4 kHz - 8 kHz). Reports recognize some drugs that are associated with cisplatin to obtain an otoprotector effect. The ototoxicity mechanisms of cisplatin are related to injury of hair cell oxidation mechanism, especially of outer hair cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using otoacoustic emissions distortion products (DPOEA) and scanning electron microscopy we intended to verify the action of amifostine, a radioprotective drug that has well known antioxidant characteristics and otoprotector effects to cisplatin injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an experimental guinea pig model. The study was performed as follows: group 1: 6 animals, 12 ears, cisplatin 8.0 mg/Kg/day (IP), 3 days. Group 2: 6 animals, 12 ears, amifostine 100 mg/Kg/day (IP) and after 90 minutes, cisplatin 8.0 mg/Kg/day (IP), 3 days and group 3: 3 animals, 6 ears, amifostine 100 mg/Kg/day (IP), 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DPOEA were present before and after treatment in groups 2 and 3. The normal cilium architecture of outer hair cells was supported in all cochlear turns in groups 2 and 3. We concluded that amifostine has a potential otoprotector effect against cisplatin ototoxicity and could be used in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo.
authors.forename: Miguel Angelo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hyppolito
authors.forename: Antonio A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Ricardo Miranda
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lessa
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossato
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000187:drug effects*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine; D002945:Cisplatin