title: Validation of a 3-factor scoring model for the Pittsburgh sleep quality index in older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is widely used to assess subjective sleep disturbances in psychiatric, medical, and healthy adult and older adult populations. Yet, validation of the PSQI single-factor scoring has not been carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PSQI was administered as a self-report questionnaire. Using a cross-validation approach, scores from the PSQI were analyzed with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  San Diego, Denver, and Los Angeles community-based clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling depressed and nondepressed adults older that 60 years of age (N = 417)
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results yielded a 3-factor scoring model that obtained a measure of perfect fit and was significantly better fitted than either the original single-factor model or a 2-factor model. Components of the 3 factors were characterized by the descriptors sleep efficiency, perceived sleep quality, and daily disturbances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings validate the factor structure of the PSQI and demonstrate that a 3-factor score should be used to assess disturbances in three separate factors of subjective sleep reports.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7076, USA.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Sarosh J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Motivala
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Oxman
authors.forename: Myron J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires