title: [Osteoporosis and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women: association and mechanisms].
abstract: Many studies have attempted to define the relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Most studies support a positive association between these common diseases; however, many are cross-sectional in nature, include relatively small sample sizes, and have inadequate control of potential confounding factors, such as age, gender, hormone intake, race, and smoking, limiting our understanding of the nature of the relationship between these diseases. Clinical conditions causing low estrogen environments in postmenopausal women allow T- and B-cell abnormalities, increased local production of the bone-active cytokines (i.e., Interleukin-1, -6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) and a rise in prostaglandin E(2), resulting in the progression of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurosu
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakano
authors.forename: Tai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiishi
authors.forename: Genta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izawa
authors.forename: Yudo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hachiya
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology