title: Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients--the PRIMO study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the risk factors, rate of occurrence, onset, nature and impact of mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) therapy in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Prédiction du Risque Musculaire en Observationnel (Prediction of Muscular Risk in Observational conditions, PRIMO) survey was an observational study of muscular symptoms in an unselected population of 7924 hyperlipidemic patients receiving high-dosage statin therapy in a usual care, outpatient setting in France. Information on patient demographics, treatment history and muscular symptoms was obtained by questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis revealed the strongest predictors for muscular symptoms to be a personal history of muscle pain during lipid-lowering therapy (odds ratio, OR, 10.12, 95% CI 8.23-12.45; P < 0.0001), unexplained cramps (OR 4.14; 95% CI 3.46-4.95; P < 0.0001) and a history of creatine kinase (CK) elevation (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.55-2.68; P < 0.0001). Overall, muscular symptoms were reported by 832 patients (10.5%), with a median time of onset of 1 month following initiation of statin therapy. Muscular pain prevented even moderate exertion during everyday activities in 315 patients (38%), while 31 (4%) were confined to bed or unable to work. Fluvastatin XL was associated with the lowest rate of muscular symptoms (5.1%) among individual statins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRIMO demonstrated that mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy may be more common and exert a greater impact on everyday lives than previously thought. Knowledge of the risk factors for muscular symptoms will allow identification and improved management of high-risk patients. The risk of muscular symptoms with fluvastatin XL treatment may be lower than with high dosages of other statins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris 83 Bd de L'Hôpital, 75 013, Paris, France. eric.bruckert@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruckert
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hayem
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dejager
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bégaud
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010045:Outpatients; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors