title: In vitro models: research in physiology and pharmacology of the lower urinary tract.
abstract: The physiology and pharmacology of the lower urinary tract has advanced based, in part, due to the in vitro assays that have facilitated this exploration. Such assays have led to the development of novel and selective molecules that have been used to characterize different receptor and enzyme systems in the larger context of in vivo pharmacology. These assays can be classified by sites of action of drugs into the following categories: receptors, effector enzymes and enzymes that terminate the responses. In this review, representative assays are presented based on our experience in male erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Discovery, Department R4PM, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6123, USA. robert.moreland@abbott.com
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moreland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels; D008024:Ligands; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear