title: Contribution of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 to apoptosis induction in smooth chorion trophoblast cells of human fetal membrane tissues.
abstract: We examined the contribution of apoptosis- and oxidative stress-associated genes to apoptosis induction in trophoblast cells of human fetal membrane tissues undergoing apoptosis during in vitro incubation. RT-PCR analyses demonstrated an increased level of HO-1, Mn-SOD, Cox-2, iNOS, TNFalpha, TNFR1, IL-1beta, IL-6, Bax, Bak, and Bad gene expression, while Bcl-2 mRNA expression level decreased. Western blot analyses demonstrated an increase in iNOS, Cox-2, and HO-1 protein levels; a decrease in pro-caspase-3 and 9, proform-PARP, and Apaf-1 protein levels; a leakage of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. An antioxidative reagent, general and selective Cox-2 inhibitors, and an iNOS inhibitor suppressed in vitro progression of the apoptosis. Furthermore, an NO donor reagent induced apoptosis in primary cultured trophoblast cells. Therefore, we concluded that the induction of apoptosis in the smooth chorion trophoblasts is mediated through oxidative stress induction followed by mitochondria damage, suggesting that iNOS and Cox-2 play an important role in the apoptosis induction in trophoblasts of human fetal membrane tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan. yuanbo@ps.toyaku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bessho
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002823:Chorion / Q000201:enzymology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2