title: Petrotetrayndiol A induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells through cytochrome c-mediated activation of caspases.
abstract: We investigated the possible mechanisms by which petrotetrayndiol A, a polyacetylene from the sponge Petrosia sp., exerts its anti-proliferative activity in cultured SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells. Petrotetrayndiol A-treated SK-MEL-2 cells showed growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay, fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that petrotetrayndiol A resulted in G2/M arrest in the cell cycle progression which was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclin B1 and its activating partner Cdc2 with concomitant inductions of p21WAF1/CIP1. The increase in apoptosis was associated with a dose-dependent up-regulation of cytosolic factor, such as Bax and release of cytochrome c, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. We also observed activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, DNA ladder formation, proteolytic degradation of poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), and selective down-regulation of cIAP-1. The apoptotic manifestations, such as PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation, were abolished in the presence of the tripeptide caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk and a caspase-3-specific inhibitor Ac-DEVD-cho. Our data thus demonstrate that petrotetrayndiol A-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition of SK-MEL-2 cells is dependent on caspase activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pusan Cancer Research Center, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hye Joung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Su-Bog
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Sang Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eunok
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Jee Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hae Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Nam Deuk
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000114:Acetylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000502:physiology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D053279:Polyynes; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C509170:petrotetrayndiol A; D053279:Polyynes; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020169:Caspases; D000114:Acetylene