title: Excitatory amino acid receptors in the periaqueductal gray mediate the cardiovascular response evoked by activation of dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons.
abstract: Neurons in the region of dorsomedial hypothalamus are involved in the organization of the physiological responses to emotional stress. We have recently shown that the cardiovascular response evoked by activation of dorsomedial hypothalamus neurons is largely dependent on a synaptic relay with the lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray region. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether excitatory amino acid receptors at the lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray region are involved in mediating the response evoked by activation of dorsomedial hypothalamus neurons. In conscious rats, the cardiovascular effects produced by microinjection of GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide into the dorsomedial hypothalamus were evaluated before and after injection of different excitatory amino acid antagonists into lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray region. Pretreatment of lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray region with the non-selective ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist kynurenic acid or with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-selective antagonist, MK-801, largely reduced the tachycardic and pressor effects evoked by activation of dorsomedial hypothalamus neurons by bicuculline methiodide microinjection (heart rate 90 and 74%; blood pressure 81 and 84%, respectively). The non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-selective antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, did not alter the cardiovascular response evoked by dorsomedial hypothalamus activation. In an additional series of experiments, microinjection of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist, N-methyl-D-aspartate, into the lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray region, evoked an increase in heart rate and a pressor response that was accompanied by an increase in locomotor activity. These effects were not altered by pretreatment of lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray region neurons with 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione but were completely abolished by MK-801. Altogether, these findings indicate that the cardiovascular response evoked by dorsomedial hypothalamus activation involves a synaptic relay at the lateral/dorsolateral periaqueductal gray region that is mediated at least in large part by excitatory amino acid receptors, possibly N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Hipertensão, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: R C A
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Villela
authors.forename: M A P
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fontes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002319:Cardiovascular System; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D001640:Bicuculline