title: Anterior-posterior ground reaction forces as a measure of paretic leg contribution in hemiparetic walking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Walking after stroke is characterized by slow gait speed, poor endurance, reduced quality and adaptability of walking patterns, and an inability to coordinate the legs. Estimates based on mechanical work calculations have suggested that the paretic leg does 30% to 40% of the total mechanical work over the gait cycle, regardless of hemiparetic severity, but these work estimates may not describe the contribution of each leg to forward propulsion. The purpose of this study was to establish a quantifiable link between hemiparetic severity and paretic leg contribution to propulsion during walking, which we propose to quantify using a measure based on the anterior-posterior ground reaction forces (A-P GRFs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 47 participants with chronic hemiparesis walked at self-selected speeds to collect spatiotemporal parameters and 3D GRFs. A 16-person subset also participated in a pedaling protocol to compare A-P GRF measures to established measures of paretic leg output.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A-P GRF measures were correlated with both walking speed and hemiparetic severity. These measures were also strongly correlated with positive work and net work values obtained during the pedaling task. The percentage of total propulsion generated by the paretic leg (PP) was calculated and found to be 16%, 36%, and 49% for those with high, moderate, and low hemiparetic severity, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PP was found to provide a quantitative measure of the coordinated output of the paretic leg. Further research on this measure of forward propulsion may lead to the provision of an effective tool for distinguishing functional compensation from physiological restitution.
authors.affiliation: Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Chitralakshmi K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Neptune
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kautz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010291:Paresis / Q000473:pathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking