title: High-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis and spondyloptosis: report of three cases with surgical treatment and review of the literature.
abstract: High-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis is extremely rare and always involves the L5-S1 level. It is attributed to congenital dysplasia of the superior articular process of the sacrum. It can remain asymptomatic for a long time and can progress to a more severe grade of olisthesis and spondyloptosis. Surgical treatment has varied from posterior-only in situ fusion to anterior and posterior fusion with complete reduction. Three cases of symptomatic high-grade (4th and 5th grade) dysplastic spondylolisthesis treated surgically with reduction and fusion are presented. Interbody fusion at the level of olisthesis is crucial.
authors.affiliation: Hippokration General District Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece. aploumis@tcspine.com
authors.forename: Avraam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ploumis
authors.forename: Paraskevas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hantzidis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dimitriou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000379:methods; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D035583:Rare Diseases; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012447:Sacrum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000469:parasitology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome