title: Diazepam effects on carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema in rats: role of nitric oxide.
abstract: High doses of diazepam (10.0-20.0 mg/kg) were shown to reduce the volume of acute inflammatory paw edema in rats as a response to carrageenan administration. This effect was attributed to an action of diazepam on the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) present in the adrenal and/or immune/inflammatory cells. The present study was undertaken to analyze the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) on the effects of diazepam on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (CIPE) and to look for the presence of PBR and inducible/constitutive NO synthases (NOS) on slices taken from the inflamed paws of diazepam-treated rats. For that, an acute inhibition of NO biosynthesis was achieved using 50.0 mg/kg No mega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME), L-arginine (300.0 mg/kg), the true precursor of NO, and D-arginine (300.0 mg/kg), its false substrate, were also used. The following results were obtained: (1) diazepam (10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg) decreased CIPE values in a dose- and time-dependent way; (2) diazepam effects on CIPE were increased by L-NAME pretreatment; (3) treatment with L-arginine but not with D-arginine reverted at least in part the decrements of CIPE values observed after diazepam administration; (4) PBR were found in endothelial and inflammatory cells that migrated to the inflammatory site at the rat paw; (5) confocal microscopy showed the presence of both PBR and NOS in endothelial and inflammatory cells taken from inflamed paw tissues of rats treated with diazepam a finding not observed in tissues provided from rats treated with diazepam's control solution. These results suggest an important role for NO on the effects of diazepam on CIPE. Most probably, these effects reflect a direct action of diazepam on PBR present in the endothelium of the microvascular ambient and/or on immune/inflammatory cells. An action like that would lead, among other factors, to a decrease in NO, generated by NO synthase, and thus in the mechanisms responsible for CIPE.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lazzarini
authors.forename: Paulo César
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Maiorka
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palermo-Neto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002351:Carrageenan; D001120:Arginine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D003975:Diazepam; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester