title: Silver deposition and tissue staining associated with wound dressings containing silver.
abstract: Argyria is the general term used to denote a clinical condition in which excessive administration and deposition of silver causes a permanent irreversible gray-blue discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. The amount of discoloration usually depends on the route of silver delivery (ie, oral or topical administration) along with the body's ability to absorb and excrete the administered silver compound. Argyria is accepted as a rare dermatosis but once silver particles are deposited, they remain immobile and may accumulate during the aging process. Topical application of silver salts (eg, silver nitrate solution) may lead to transient skin staining. To investigate their potential to cause skin staining, two silver-containing dressings (Hydrofiber and nanocrystalline) were applied to human skin samples taken from electively amputated lower limbs. The potential for skin discoloration was assayed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. When the dressings were hydrated with water, a significantly higher amount of silver was released from the nanocrystalline dressing compared to the Hydrofiber dressing (P <0.005), which resulted in approximately 30 times more silver deposition. In contrast, when saline was used as the hydration medium, the release rates were low for both dressings and not significantly different (silver deposition was minimal). Controlling the amount of silver released from silver-containing dressings should help reduce excessive deposition of silver into wound tissue and minimize skin staining.
authors.affiliation: ConvaTec Wound Therapeutics Global Development Centre, Deeside, Flintshire, UK. mike.walker@bms.com
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cochrane
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Bowler
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001129:Argyria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D017136:Ion Transport; D007477:Ions; D049329:Nanostructures; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011091:Polyesters / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D011095:Polyethylenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D012835:Silver Nitrate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D017592:Skin Care / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014867:Water; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C117408:Acticoat; D007477:Ions; D011091:Polyesters; D011095:Polyethylenes; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012835:Silver Nitrate; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium