title: Hot-water and solid-phase extraction of fluorescent whitening agents in paper materials and infant clothes followed by unequivocal determination with ion-pair chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: A comprehensive method for the determination of four stilbene-type disulfonate and one distyrylbiphenyl-type fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in paper materials (napkin and paper tissue) and infant clothes was developed. FWAs were extracted from paper material and cloth samples using a hot-water extraction, and the aqueous extracts were then preconcentrated with the newly developed Oasis WAX (mixed-mode of weak anion exchange and reversed-phase sorbent) solid-phase extraction cartridge. The analytes were unequivocal determined by ion pair chromatography coupled with negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS), applying a di-n-hexyl-ammonium acetate (DHAA) as the ion-pairing reagent in mobile phase. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) were established between 0.2 and 0.9 ng/g in 2 g of samples. Recovery of five FWAs in spiked commercial samples was between 42 and 95% and RSD (n = 3) ranging from 2 to 11%. The method was finally applied to commercial samples, showing that two stilbene-type disulfonates were predominant FWAs detected in napkin and infant cloth samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wang-Hsien
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003020:Clothing; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010209:Paper; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D014867:Water