title: Increased midbrain gray matter in Tourette's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate cerebral structure in Tourette's syndrome (TS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Voxel-based morphometry study of high-resolution MRIs in 31 TS patients compared with 31 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased gray matter mainly in the left mesencephalon in 31 TS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result constitutes strong and direct evidence supporting Devinsky's hypothesis (Devinsky O. Neuroanatomy of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Possible midbrain involvement. Arch Neurol 1983;40:508-514) according to which midbrain disturbances play an important pathogenic role in TS.
authors.affiliation: Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1428, USA.
authors.forename: Gaëtan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garraux
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldfine
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bohlhalter
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanakawa
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*