title: A systematic approach to identifying urothelial cells likely to be polysomic by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine which nuclear morphologic and background features are most associated with normal and abnormal chromosome patterns in urine cells evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with Vysis UroVysion (Downers Grove, Illinois, USA).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred specimens were analyzed and the nuclear morphologic and background features compared between FISH-negative (disomic) and -positive (polysomic) cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data show that polysomic urothelial cells have significantly (p < 0.001) weaker DAPI nuclear counterstaining, nuclear enlargement, more irregular nuclear shape and more chromatin clumping when compared to disomic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that there are specific staining and nuclear cytologic features that can help identify cells that have a high probability of being polysomic by FISH. This information may help cytologists decrease the time required to evaluate urine specimens by FISH and may aid in the development of instruments that automate FISH analysis.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cytology and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Roschester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kipp
authors.forename: Emily G Barr
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Fritcher
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: del Rosario
authors.forename: Carole L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sebo
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Halling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000782:Aneuploidy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology*