title: Prevalence of anterior pituitary insufficiency 3 and 12 months after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cross-sectional studies report a high prevalence of hypopituitarism after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, no longitudinal studies on time of manifestation and reversibility exist. This study was conducted to assess hypopituitarism 3 and 12 months after TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, longitudinal, diagnostic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight patients (52 men, 26 women, mean age 36.0 years) with TBI grades I-III and 38 healthy subjects (25 men, 13 women, mean age 36.4 years) as a control group for the GHRH + arginine test were studied. The prevalence of hypopituitarism was assessed 3 and 12 months after TBI by GHRH + arginine test, short adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test, and basal hormone measurements in patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 3 months, 56% of all patients had impairments of at least one pituitary axis with axes being affected as follows: gonadotropic 32%, corticotropic 19%, somatotropic 9% and thyrotropic 8%. After 12 months, fewer patients were affected, but in some cases new impairments occurred; 36% still had impairments. The axes were affected as follows after 12 months: gonadotropic 21%, somatotropic 10%, corticotropic 9% and thyrotropic 3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypopituitarism occurs often in the post-acute phase after TBI and may normalize later, but may also develop after the post-acute phase of TBI.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroendocrinology Group Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersenn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhr
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Husemann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: von Rosen
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stalla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000473:pathology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; D006854:Hydrocortisone