title: Effects of 60-Hz magnetic field exposure on nocturnal 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, estrogens, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in healthy reproductive-age women: results of a crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to residential magnetic fields may disrupt the normal nocturnal rise in melatonin levels, resulting in increased risk for breast cancer, possibly through increased levels of reproductive hormones. We investigated whether exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field under controlled conditions is associated with a decrease in urinary nocturnal 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level and increase in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estrogen levels in healthy premenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a crossover design, half the participants were assigned to magnetic field exposure of 5 to 10 mG greater than ambient levels for 5 consecutive nights during the early to midluteal phase of the menstrual cycle. On the last night of exposure, a nocturnal urine sample was collected. The next month, participants were sham exposed. The other half of participants were assigned the reverse order of exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magnetic field exposure was associated with decreased 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels, but no changes in reproductive hormone levels were observed. Participants using prescription medications and anovulatory participants had more pronounced decreases in 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels with magnetic field exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further evidence that exposure to magnetic fields is associated with decreased nocturnal melatonin levels, but does not support the hypothesis that such exposure results in increased urinary levels of estrogens, LH, or FSH.
authors.affiliation: Program In Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. sdavis@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Dana K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mirick
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Frank Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Stanczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000652:urine*; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000652:urine*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D010060:Ovulation / Q000652:urine; D010919:Placebos
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D010919:Placebos; C054513:6-sulfatoxymelatonin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D008550:Melatonin