title: Air pollution and risk of lung cancer in a prospective study in Europe.
abstract: To estimate the relationship between air pollution and lung cancer, a nested case-control study was set up within EPIC (European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition). Cases had newly diagnosed lung cancer, accrued after a median follow-up of 7 years among the EPIC ex-smokers (since at least 10 years) and never smokers. Three controls per case were matched. Matching criteria were gender, age (+/-5 years), smoking status, country of recruitment and time elapsed between recruitment and diagnosis. We studied residence in proximity of heavy traffic roads as an indicator of exposure to air pollution. In addition, exposure to air pollutants (NO(2), PM10, SO(2)) was assessed using concentration data from monitoring stations in routine air quality monitoring networks. Cotinine was measured in plasma. We found a nonsignificant association between lung cancer and residence nearby heavy traffic roads (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.89-2.40). Exposure data for single pollutants were available for 197 cases and 556 matched controls. For NO(2) we found an odds ratio of 1.14 (95% CI, 0.78-1.67) for each increment of 10 microg/m(3), and an odds ratio of 1.30 (1.02-1.66) for concentrations greater than 30 microg/m(3). The association with NO(2) did not change after adjustment by cotinine and additional potential confounders, including occupational exposures. No clear association was found with other pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College London, London, UK. p.vineis@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoek
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzyzanowski
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vigna-Taglianti
authors.forename: Fabrizio
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authors.lastname: Veglia
authors.forename: Luisa
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authors.lastname: Airoldi
authors.forename: Herman
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authors.lastname: Malaveille
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authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Ole
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authors.lastname: Raaschou-Nielsen
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Jacob
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authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Domenico
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authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.forename: Vittorio
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authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-De-Mesquita
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: E Eylin
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Miren
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authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: Lluis
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authors.lastname: Cirera
authors.forename: J Ramon
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quiros
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Forsberg
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saracci
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors