title: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor expression in various types of gastritis: a specific role of Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) represents a multifunctional protein of the gastrointestinal mucosa exerting antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. SLPI expression is generally induced during inflammation; however, Helicobacter pylori-mediated gastritis is associated with significantly decreased antral SLPI levels. The aim of the study was to investigate whether SLPI downregulation of gastric mucosa represents a specific phenomenon of H. pylori infection or is generally linked to gastric inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  SLPI expression was retrospectively analysed by immunohistochemistry in 85 paraffin-embedded samples: H. pylori-induced (n=13), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-enhanced (n=18), autoimmune (n=11), lymphocytic gastritis (n=26) and H. pylori-negative controls (n=17). The intensity of the staining was semiquantitatively analysed using an immunoreactivity score. Statistical analysis of differences was performed using an analysis of variance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with the control group, the SLPI expression of antral mucosa in H. pylori-mediated and lymphocytic gastritis was significantly lower (P<0.001), whereas epithelial SLPI expression was not affected in NSAID-enhanced and autoimmune gastritis either in the antrum or corpus, respectively. Both the H. pylori-mediated and lymphocytic gastritis revealed a significantly lower expression of SLPI in infiltrating immune cells (P<0.01), whereas immune cells infiltrating the corpus in autoimmune gastritis showed higher SLPI levels than the immune cells of other groups (P<0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The local downregulation of SLPI in antral mucosa is specifically linked to H. pylori infection and is not a general phenomenon of gastric inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hritz
authors.forename: Doerthe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuester
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vieth
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Herszenyi
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stolte
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roessner
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tulassay
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wex
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malfertheiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011706:Pyloric Antrum; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins; C506814:SLPI protein, human; D053481:Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor