title: Health Care Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: a useful proactive risk analysis in a pediatric oncology ward.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pediatric inpatient settings are known for their high medication error rate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Health Care Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) is a valid proactive method to evaluate circumscribed health care processes like prescription up to and including administration of chemotherapy (vincristine) in the pediatric oncology inpatient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary team consisting of a team leader, pharmacy, nursing and medical staff and a patient's parent was assembled in a pediatric oncology ward with a computerized physician order entry system. A flow diagram of the process was made and potential failure modes were identified and evaluated using a hazard scoring matrix. Using a decision tree, it was determined for which failure mode recommendations had to be made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The process was divided into three main parts: prescription, processing by the pharmacy, and administration. Fourteen out of 61 failure modes were classified as high risk, 10 of which were sufficiently covered by current protocols. For the other four failure modes, five recommendations were made. Four additional recommendations were made concerning non-high risk failure modes. Most of them were implemented by the hospital management. The whole process took seven meetings and a total of 140 man-hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The systematic approach of HFMEA by a multidisciplinary team is a useful method for detecting failure modes. A patient or a parent of a patient contributes to the multidisciplinarity of the team.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands. C.M.vanTilburg@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van Tilburg
authors.forename: I P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Leistikow
authors.forename: C M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bierings
authors.forename: A T H
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: van Dijk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D008495:Medical Oncology; D009426:Netherlands; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D014750:Vincristine