title: Life-threatening interaction between antiretroviral therapy and vinblastine in HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-infected patients still present a high risk of developing lymphoproliferative malignancies, despite the fact that their prognosis has been considerably improved by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Potential interactions exist between antiretroviral drugs, in particular protease inhibitors, and anti-neoplastic ones, but their impact in terms of clinical and haematological adverse events remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of potentially life-threatening interaction between vinblastine and antiretroviral therapy in a patient presenting with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 55-year-old HIV-1 infected patient was diagnosed with MCD while being treated with a salvage HAART regimen consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, abacavir, nevirapine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir. Vinblastine was prescribed as a monotherapy at the usual dose of 6 mg/m2 (i.e. 10 mg) every 3 weeks. The first vinblastine course was performed without HAART with no adverse event. Antiretroviral therapy was resumed for the two following courses which were associated with unexpected severe digestive and haematological toxicities, and moderate renal failure. Vinblastine was then administered alone at increasing doses without toxicity. HAART was finally resumed and we assessed that a decreased vinblastine dose of 2 mg/m2 was well tolerated, with a complete response of MCD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HAART regimen comprising protease inhibitors, which are potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 and P-gp, could interfere with anti-neoplastic drugs, as demonstrated with vinblastine in our case report.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, CHU Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kotb
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dulioust
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peretti
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taburet
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Delfraissy
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goujard
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005871:Castleman Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D016638:Critical Illness; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014747:Vinblastine