title: Somal size of immunolabeled pyramidal cells in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the somal volume of Nissl-stained deep layer 3 pyramidal cells is reduced in prefrontal cortex area 9 of subjects with schizophrenia, the subset of large pyramidal cells immunoreactive (IR) for nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (NNFP) is not. Consequently, we hypothesized that the somal volume of another subset of pyramidal cells immunoreactive for neuronal calcium binding protein-1 (Necab-1) is significantly reduced in schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We labeled Necab-1-IR pyramidal neurons using immunoperoxidase techniques and estimated the mean somal volume in deep layer 3 of area 9 in 13 matched pairs of control and schizophrenic subjects. Identical studies were conducted for pyramidal neurons immunoreactive for neuronal nuclear protein (Neu-N), which is present in all neurons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In subjects with schizophrenia, neither the mean somal volume of Necab-1-IR pyramidal neurons nor of Neu-N-IR pyramidal neurons was significantly different from control subjects. In addition, the mean somal volume of Neu-N-IR cells was larger than that of Nissl-stained cells in both subject groups, and the magnitude of this difference was greater for the subjects with schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that immunoperoxidase techniques are associated with an overestimation of the volume of labeled neurons. This confound appears to interact with disease state, and thus obscures differences between diagnostic groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Jaime G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Avilés
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Allan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D048429:Cell Size; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*