title: A comparison of comorbidity measurements to predict healthcare expenditures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the performance of the Elixhauser, Charlson, and RxRisk-V comorbidity indices and several simple count measurements, including counts of prescriptions, physician visits, hospital claims, unique prescription classes, and diagnosis clusters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each measurement was calculated using claims data during a 1-year period before the initial filling of an antihypertensive medication among 20 378 members of a managed care organization. The primary outcome variable was the log-transformed sum of prescription, physician, and hospital expenditures in the year following the prescription encounter.
  
  
  METHODS
  In addition to descriptive statistics and Spearman rank correlations between measurements, the predictive performance was determined using linear regression models and corresponding adjusted R(2) statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Charlson index and the Elixhauser index performed similarly (adjusted R(2) = 0.1172 and 0.1148, respectively), while the prescription claims-based RxRisk-V (adjusted R(2) = 0.1573) outperformed both. An age- and gender-adjusted regression model that included a count of diagnosis clusters was the best individual predictor of payments (adjusted R(2) = 0.1814). This outperformed age- and gender-adjusted models of the number of unique prescriptions filled (adjusted R(2) = 0.1669), number of prescriptions filled (R(2) = 0.1573), number of physician visits (adjusted R(2) = 0.1546), logtransformed prior healthcare payments (adjusted R(2) = 0.1359), and number of hospital claims (adjusted R(2) = 0.1115).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple count measurements appear to be better predictors of future expenditures than the comorbidity indices, with a count of diagnosis clusters being the single best predictor of future expenditures among the measurements examined.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Social, Administrative and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 7-174 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. farl0032@umn.edu
authors.forename: Joel F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Farley
authors.forename: Carolyn R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Harley
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Devine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States