title: Early ambulation and variability in anticoagulation during elective coronary stenting with a single intravenous bolus of low-dose, low-molecular weight heparin enoxaparin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The best anticoagulation strategy for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of immediate sheath removal post-PCI in patients given a single low-dose intravenous (IV) bolus of enoxaparin as the sole anticoagulant.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 53 patients with stable coronary disease undergoing elective PCI, a single IV bolus of 0.5 mg per kg enoxaparin was administered 10 minutes before PCI. Patients were pretreated with aspirin 100 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg. The femoral access sheaths were removed immediately after PCI by manual compression. Major and minor bleeding and coronary thrombosis were recorded. Anti-Xa levels were measured before, during and after PCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient had an intracoronary thrombus 60 minutes after enoxaparin administration, and there was 1 ischemic stroke. Fifty-one of the 53 patients had their sheaths successfully pulled immediately post-PCI. One patient had a pseudoaneurysm requiring surgical repair, and 1 patient had a minor bleed. Postprocedural elevation of CK-MB > 3 times the upper limit of normal occurred in 7 patients (13.2%). Anti-Xa activity was 0.56 +/- 0.16 at 10 minutes post-IV injection, and then progressively decreased to 0.14 +/- 0.09 IU/ml at 6 hours after injection. Ten minutes after IV enoxaparin, 12 patients (23.5%) had anti-Xa levels < 0.5 IU/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate removal of femoral sheaths, after a single low-dose of IV enoxaparin for elective stenting appears feasible. However, a sizeable proportion of patients achieved anti-Xa levels below the widely agreed upon "therapeutic" level after injection.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zalc
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteves
authors.forename: Expedito E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: Jose A F
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ramires
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Eulogio E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D020878:Device Removal; D004434:Early Ambulation; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015951:Factor Xa / Q000378:metabolism; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D065427:Factor Xa Inhibitors; D015951:Factor Xa