Shortcomings in infant iron deficiency screening methods.
BACKGROUND
Screening for iron deficiency anemia is a well-established practice in pediatrics, but numerous challenges surrounding current recommendations raise questions about the effectiveness of this strategy.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate iron deficiency anemia screening approaches, by assessing rates of follow-up testing and resolution among patients meeting screening criteria in a primary care setting.


METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed. We extracted electronic medical record data on complete blood counts for infants who received primary care in our clinics in the past 10 years. We calculated rates of positive screening results with 9 different measurement criteria and determined rates of follow-up testing and of documented correction of iron deficiency among those who screened positive.


RESULTS
Our cohort consisted of 4984 children who were screened at 9 to 15 months of age, between 1994 and 2004. There was a wide distribution of positive detection rates (range: 1.5-14.5%) among the 9 screening criteria. Follow-up testing rates were low. No more than 25% of infants who screened positive by any criterion underwent a repeat complete blood count within 6 months. Moreover, no more than 11.6% (range: 4.4-11.6%) had documented correction of their laboratory abnormalities.


CONCLUSIONS
Significant shortcomings exist in current iron deficiency anemia screening practices. A widely agreed-on, specific, and inexpensive screening criterion, with increased emphasis on systems-based approaches to iron deficiency screening, is needed.
Biondich
Paul G
PG
Children's Health Services Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. pbiondich@regenstrief.org
Downs
Stephen M
SM
Carroll
Aaron E
AE
Laskey
Antoinette L
AL
Liu
Gilbert C
GC
Rosenman
Marc
M
Wang
Jane
J
Swigonski
Nancy L
NL
D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male
D006454:Hemoglobins