title: Evaluation of the Morse Fall Scale: applicability in Chinese hospital populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient falls have been identified as a significant health problem in the general hospital patient population. The Morse Fall Scale (MFS) is an individualized criterion-referenced assessment tool designed for measuring the likelihood of patient falls in hospitals. Despite the scale has demonstrated high validity and reliability in the previous researches, this study is to provide additional validity tests to determine the applicability in the Chinese hospital population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the predictive power of the MFS to predict patient falls. To conduct reliability tests on internal consistency, item analysis, inter-rater and test-retest reliability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical and geriatric units of three rehabilitation hospitals in Hong Kong participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 954 Chinese patients was recruited sequentially upon admission in the hospital ward units. They ranged in age from 17 to 100 years, with a mean of 70.2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were assessed for fall risk using the MFS on admission. Data was collected on the number of patients who fell rather than the number of falls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scale had a sensitivity of 31% and a specificity of 83% when the cut-off point was determined at 45. The field test demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability with an ICC value of 0.97 (95%CI 0.94-0.98). Repeatability was high with an ICC of 0.98 (95% CI 0.98-0.99). The evaluation revealed a low Cronbach's alpha coefficient and a low to moderate item-to-scale correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence collected in this study has shown both the positive and negative aspects of using the MFS in assessing the fall risk of Chinese patients during rehabilitation. The discriminative validity and internal consistency reliability provide researchers and clinicians with a major step in further developing or modifying the scale.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong. hssusan@polyu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Susan K Y
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Claudia K Y
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Thomas K S
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Lorna K P
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Suen
authors.forename: Sarah K F
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Chi Kin
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Ivan Y C
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D016743:Mental Competency; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015588:Observer Variation; D011594:Psychometrics; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014175:Translating