title: The forgotten hysterectomy: the first successful abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The history of gynecology and surgery in America has been well documented. However, a landmark operation took place in 1856 that has gone unrecognized in modern surgical texts.
  
  
  METHODS
  William J. Baker and associates performed the first successful abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in Knoxville, Tennessee on November 13, 1856. The patient recovered uneventfully and lived for 34 years after her procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case has yet to be noted in modern medical history texts. It is important that the accomplishments of Dr. Baker and his associates be recognized among the surgical pioneers of their day.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. jhall@parknet.pmh.org
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Don J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000266:history; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000266:history*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States