title: Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterised by crops of sterile pustules (yellow pus spots) on the palms and soles which erupt repeatedly over months or years. The affected areas tend to become red and scaly; cracks may form and these are often painful. Many different treatments have been used for palmoplantar pustulosis but none is generally accepted as being reliably effective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of treatments for palmoplantar pustulosis, both in reducing disease severity and in maintaining remission once achieved.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register (January 2003), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2003), MEDLINE (1966 to February 2003), EMBASE (1988 to February 2003). We also cross-checked with the Salford Database of Psoriasis Trials and reference lists of articles. We also contacted authors included trials, members of the Cochrane Skin Group and dermatologists interested in psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Any randomised controlled trial in which patients with chronic palmoplantar pustulosis were randomised to receive one or more interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  At least two reviewers independently assessed trial eligibility and quality. Study authors were contacted for additional information. Adverse effects information was collected from the trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three trials involving 724 people were included. There is evidence supporting the use of systemic retinoids (improvement rate difference 44%, 95 CI 28 to 59%), oral PUVA (improvement rate difference 44%, 95 CI 26 to 62%). However, a combination of PUVA and retinoids is better than the individual treatments. The use of topical steroid under hydrocolloid occlusion is beneficial. It would also appear that low dose ciclosporin, tetracycline antibiotics and Grenz Ray Therapy may be useful in treating PPP. Colchicine has a lot of side effects and it is unclear if it is effective and neither was topical PUVA (rate difference of 0.00, 95% CI -0.04 to +0.04). There is no evidence to suggest that short-term treatment with hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea) is effective.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many different interventions were reported to produce "improvement" in PPP. There is, however, no standardised method for assessing response to treatment, and reductions in pustule counts or other empirical semi-quantitative scoring systems may be of little relevance to the patient. This review has shown that the ideal treatment for PPP remains elusive and that the standards of study design and reporting need to be improved to inform patients and those treating them of the relative merits of the many treatments available to them.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marsland
authors.forename: R J G
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leonardi-Bee
authors.forename: C E M
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005533:Foot Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006229:Hand Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D011701:PUVA Therapy / Q000379:methods; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012074:Remission Induction; D012176:Retinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012176:Retinoids