title: Clinical value of anti-live Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis immunoglobulin G subclasses, detected by flow cytometry, for diagnosing active localized cutaneous leishmaniasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical value of flow cytometry anti-live promastigate antibody (FC-ALPA), for diagnosing active cutaneous leishmaniasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 145 individuals living in endemic areas for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (population 1) were classified as having the disease or not and then tested for their IgG reactivity by indirect immunofluorescence assay and FC-ALPA-IgG. The results of FC-ALPA-IgG were expressed as percentage of positive fluorescent parasite. Both tests were also evaluated in serum samples of people with visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease (population 1A).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In population 1, FC-ALPA-IgG performed better than the immunofluorescence assay regarding sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. Analysis of the results according to the likelihood ratios indicated that a percentage of positive fluorescent parasite <or=60 practically excludes the diagnosis of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (likelihood ratio=0.07), whereas at >60% it reinforces diagnosis of the disease (likelihood ratio = 7.0). Immunofluorescent assay is of little value (likelihood ratio=2.04). In population 1A, both tests performed worse, but FC-ALPA-IgG achieved better statistical indexes than immunofluorescent assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FC-ALPA-IgG is a valuable method for serological diagnosis of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. FC-ALPA-IgG1/ALPA-IgG2 combined analysis is an additional serological tool for discriminating localized visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and visceral leishmaniasis in areas where these infections co-exist.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, CPqRR-FIOCRUZ/BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: R D R
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: C M F
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gontijo
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Elói-Santos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corrêa-Oliveira
authors.forename: T C A
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayrink
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D014355:Chagas Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000276:immunology*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G