title: Acinar structure in symptom-free adults by Helium-3 magnetic resonance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The apparent diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized (3)He in the lungs has been shown to correlate directly in animal models with the peripheral airspace size and can detect changes in lung microstructure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study in vivo the (3)He apparent diffusion coefficient and to demonstrate its sensitivity to changes in lung morphometry as a result of aging, exposure to cigarette smoke, and lung inflation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the variation in the diffusion of hyperpolarized (3)He gas in the lungs by magnetic resonance techniques. Spirometric lung volumes were recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the dependence of (3)He diffusion on age and on reported cigarette smoke exposure in 32 symptom-free adults. We also measured the dependence of the apparent diffusion coefficient on the degree of lung inflation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In healthy never-smokers, the apparent diffusion coefficient increased with age from 0.115 to 0.155 cm(2) . s(-1) at 20 and 70 yr, respectively, increased linearly with lung inflation and was independent of individual's lung size after correcting for age. For active and passive smokers, the apparent diffusion coefficient increased by up to 40% compared with never-smokers with mean values significantly higher (p=0.016 and p=0.0007, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral airspace size increases with age and after exposure to smoke in healthy adults in agreement with previous histologic studies. We have confirmed in vivo that peripheral airspace size is independent of intersubject lung size.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Barnaby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Owers-Bradley
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004058:Diffusion; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006371:Helium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D006371:Helium