Women and ischemic heart disease: pathophysiologic implications from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study and future research steps.
The current review highlights gender-specific issues in ischemic heart disease (IHD) presentation, evaluation, and outcomes with a special focus on the results derived from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. New evidence on gender-based differences in vascular wall, atherosclerotic plaque deposition, pathophysiology, and innovative cardiovascular imaging techniques are reviewed. Critical areas of further inquiry needed to advance new gender-specific IHD understanding are detailed.
Quyyumi
Arshed A
AA
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. aquyyum@emory.edu
D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors