title: Influence of the atrio-ventricular delay optimization on the intra left ventricular delay in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) leads to a reduction of left-ventricular dyssynchrony and an acute and sustained hemodynamic improvement in patients with chronic heart failure. Furthermore, an optimized AV-delay leads to an improved myocardial performance in pacemaker patients. The focus of this study is to investigate the acute effect of an optimized AV-delay on parameters of dyssynchrony in CRT patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  11 chronic heart failure patients with CRT who were on stable medication were included in this study. The optimal AV-delay was defined according to the method of Ismer (mitral inflow and trans-oesophageal lead). Dyssynchrony was assessed echocardiographically at three different settings: AVDOPT; AVDOPT-50 ms and AVDOPT+50 ms. Echocardiographic assessment included 2D- and M-mode echo for the assessment of volumes and hemodynamic parameters (CI, SV) and LVEF and tissue Doppler echo (strain, strain rate, Tissue Synchronisation Imaging (TSI) and myocardial velocities in the basal segments)
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AVDOPT in the VDD mode (atrially triggered) was 105.5 +/- 38.1 ms and the AVDOPT in the DDD mode (atrially paced) was 186.9 +/- 52.9 ms. Intra-individually, the highest LVEF was measured at AVDOPT. The LVEF at AVDOPT was significantly higher than in the AVDOPT-50 setting (p = 0.03). However, none of the parameters of dyssynchrony changed significantly in the three settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An optimized AV delay in CRT patients acutely leads to an improved systolic left ventricular ejection fraction without improving dyssynchrony.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology, Pulmology, Charité Campus Mitte, Germany. christoph.melzer@charite.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melzer
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knebel
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ismer
authors.forename: Hansjürgen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bondke
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nienaber
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Adrian C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D001283:Atrioventricular Node; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*