title: Endoscopic approach for mandibular orthognathic surgery.
abstract: The field of minimally invasive surgery is defined as the combination of surgical innovation with modern technology. This article describes the history of surgery and newer developments in endoscopic surgery for mandibular orthognathic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren Building, Suite 1201, Boston MA 02114, USA. mtroulis@partners.org
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Troulis
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Leonard B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Kaban
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy; D011378:Prognathism / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*