title: A qualitative systematic review of peri-operative dextromethorphan in post-operative pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, dextromethorphan (DM), has received interest as an adjunctive agent in post-operative pain management. Clinical trials have been contradictory. This systematic review aims to evaluate the available literature examining the analgesic efficacy of DM in post-operative patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight randomized, double-blind, clinical studies, with 40 comparisons, including a variety of dosing regimens comparing DM treatment with placebo, were included. Meta-analysis was intended but deemed to be inappropriate because of the substantial difference in methodology and reporting between trials. The outcome measures (pain scores at rest, time to first analgesic request and supplemental analgesic consumption) were evaluated qualitatively by significant difference (P<0.05) as reported in the original investigations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DM did not reduce the post-operative pain score with a clinically significant magnitude. The time to first analgesic request was significantly prolonged in most comparisons with DM. Significant decreases in supplemental opioid consumption were observed in the majority of parenteral DM studies and in about one-half of the oral studies. The decreases were of questionable clinical importance in most comparisons, although a relationship between a decrease in opioid consumption and opioid-related side-effects was established in some studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the studies available, DM has the potential to be a safe adjunctive agent to opioid analgesia in post-operative pain management, but the consistency of the potential opioid-sparing and pain-reducing effect must be questioned. Consequently, it is not possible to recommend dose regimens or routine clinical use of DM in post-operative pain. The route of administration may be important for the beneficial effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, The Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Copenhagen, and Department of Anaesthesiology, Glostrup University Hospital, Denmark. thd@dfuni.dk
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Duedahl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rømsing
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Møiniche
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003915:Dextromethorphan