title: A prospective study of the effects of female and male marijuana use on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to examine whether marijuana use affects in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer (IVF/GIFT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 221 IVF/GIFT couples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amount of lifetime heavy marijuana use adversely affected IVF/GIFT. Women smoking more than 90 times in their lifetime had 27% fewer oocytes retrieved (P = .03) and 1 fewer embryo transferred (P < .05). Women smoking marijuana more than 10 times in their lifetime had infants 17% (P = .01) smaller at birth. If men smoked marijuana 11 to 90 times in their lifetime, there was a 15% decrease in infant birth weight (P = .03); if this increased to more than 90 times, there was a 23% decrease (P = .01). Timing also played a role. Women smoking marijuana 1 year before IVF/GIFT had 25% fewer oocytes retrieved (P = .03), whereas couples had 28% (P = .04) fewer oocytes fertilized. Women and men who smoked in the past 15 years, had 12% (P = .04) and 16% (P = .03) smaller infants, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both timing and amount of marijuana use negatively affected IVF/GIFT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hillary S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Klonoff-Cohen
authors.forename: Loki
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Rosa Victoria
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015181:Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects