Spemann's organizer and self-regulation in amphibian embryos.
In 1924, Spemann and Mangold demonstrated the induction of Siamese twins in transplantation experiments with salamander eggs. Recent work in amphibian embryos has followed their lead and uncovered that cells in signalling centres that are located at the dorsal and ventral poles of the gastrula embryo communicate with each other through a network of secreted growth-factor antagonists, a protease that degrades them, a protease inhibitor and bone-morphogenic-protein signals.
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1662, USA. ederobertis@mednet.ucla.edu
Edward M
EM
De Robertis
D000663:Amphibians / Q000196:embryology*; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D020646:Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei / Q000637:transplantation; D020897:Organizers, Embryonic / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*