TOR signaling in growth and metabolism.
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to environmental cues. Here, highlighting contributions from studies in model organisms, we review mammalian TOR complexes and the signaling branches they mediate. TOR is part of two distinct multiprotein complexes, TOR complex 1 (TORC1), which is sensitive to rapamycin, and TORC2, which is not. The physiological consequences of mammalian TORC1 dysregulation suggest that inhibitors of mammalian TOR may be useful in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, and metabolic disorders.
Wullschleger
Stephan
S
Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Loewith
Robbie
R
Hall
Michael N
MN
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C500749:target of rapamycin protein, S cerevisiae