Effect of a mixture of caffeine and nicotinamide on the solubility of vitamin (B2) in aqueous solution.
The effect of caffeine (CAF) and nicotinamide (NMD) on the solubility of a vitamin B2 derivative (FMN) has been evaluated for mixtures containing either a single hydrotrope (CAF or NMD) or the two hydrotropes simultaneously. A model for analysis of ternary systems, which takes into account all possible complexes between the molecules, has been developed and tested with experimental NMR data on the three-component mixture FMN-CAF-NMD. The results indicate that special attention should be given to the concentration of a hydrotropic agent used to enhance the solubility of a particular drug. A decrease in the efficacy of solubility of the vitamin on addition of large amounts of hydrotropic agent is expected in the two-component systems due to the increased proportion of self-association of the hydrotrope. It is found that a mixture of two hydrotropic agents leads to an increase in the solubility of the vitamin in three-component compared to the two-component system. Rather than using just one hydrotropic agent, it is proposed that a strategy for optimising the solubility of aromatic drugs is to use a mixture of hydrotropic agents.
Department of Physics, Sevastopol National Technical University, Studgorodok, Sevastopol, 99053 Crimea, Ukraine. max_evstigneev@mail.ru
M P
MP
Evstigneev
V P
VP
Evstigneev
A A Hernandez
AA
Santiago
D B
DB
Davies
D000465:Algorithms; D002110:Caffeine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D014815:Vitamins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
D004338:Drug Combinations; D012996:Solutions; D014815:Vitamins; D014867:Water; D009536:Niacinamide; D002110:Caffeine; D012256:Riboflavin