The Pennsylvania Green Fluorophore: a hybrid of Oregon Green and Tokyo Green for the construction of hydrophobic and pH-insensitive molecular probes.
[structure: see text] Fluorescent small molecules are powerful tools for exploring cellular biology. As a more hydrophobic, photostable, and less pH-sensitive alternative to fluorescein, we synthesized Pennsylvania Green, a bright, monoanionic fluorophore related to Oregon Green and Tokyo Green. Comparison of membrane probes comprising N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamine linked to 4-carboxy-Tokyo Green (pK(a) approximately 6.2) and 4-carboxy-Pennsylvania Green (pK(a) approximately 4.8) revealed that only Pennsylvania Green was highly fluorescent in acidic early and recycling endosomes within living mammalian cells.
Mottram
Laurie F
LF
Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Boonyarattanakalin
Siwarutt
S
Kovel
Rebecca E
RE
Peterson
Blake R
BR
D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007476:Ionophores; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007476:Ionophores; D015335:Molecular Probes