Perception of very small visual stimuli in the fovea: normative data for the Rarebit Foveal Test.
BACKGROUND
Conventional visual tests are not sensitive enough to detect low degree neural damage, as 6/6 (1.0) visual acuity can be upheld with less than two-thirds of the normal number of optic nerve axons. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the physiologic properties of a new computerised test, the Rarebit Fovea Test (RFT), using very small stimuli, by quantifying the effect of age and binocular summation in relation to stimulus luminance.


METHODS
The RFT relies on the perception of very small (less than 0.5 minutes of arc) bright stimuli. Two different experiments were performed. 1. Thirty-five subjects (age 19 to 63 years) were tested with five different stimulus luminances, 158, 64, 53, 41 and 33 cd/m(2). 2. Nineteen subjects (age 19 to 63 years) were tested using binocular stimulation to define the binocular summation.


RESULTS
Significantly reduced median hit rates were observed at luminances of 53 cd/m(2) or below. Age and mean hit rate correlated negatively at all luminance levels below 158 cd/m(2). The mean hit rate from binocular stimulation, compared to the highest value from monocular stimulation in the same subject, was increased by a factor of 1.54 +/- 0.45 (SD). No age effect was found regarding binocular summation.


CONCLUSIONS
The results in the current study indicate that RFT can identify some of the well-known features of the visual system, that is, the effects of age and binocular summation, provided that the stimulus luminance is adequately selected.
Section of Ophthalmology and Vision, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Maria.Nilsson@ste.ki.se
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Nilsson
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Wanger
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Martin
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012016:Reference Values; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000592:standards*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*