Comparison of the relation between renal impairment, angiographic coronary artery disease, and long-term mortality in women versus men.
Mild to moderate renal impairment has recently been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. However, gender differences in the association of mild to moderate renal impairment with the presence of angiographic coronary artery disease and long-term mortality remain unknown. We examined a prospective cohort of consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography from the ACRE study in the Royal Hospitals Trust (London, United Kingdom) with referral from 5 contiguous health authorities. Among 1,609 patients (465 women) who had angiographic and serum creatinine measurements at baseline, renal impairment at modification of diet in renal disease glomerular filtration rates of 45 to 59, 30 to 44, and <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2) was more common in women than in men and was significantly associated with the presence of angiographic coronary artery disease in women but not in men. At each level of glomerular filtration rate, multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of 7-year all-cause mortality for women compared with men were higher: 2.64 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.21 to 5.73) versus 1.34 (95% CI 0.995 to 1.79); 2.62 (95% CI 1.12 to 16.12) versus 2.35 (95% CI 1.60 to 3.43); and 10.42 (95% CI 3.97 to 27.39) versus 4.77 (95% CI 2.95 to 7.70), respectively. Similar patterns were observed in cardiovascular and coronary deaths. In conclusion, mild to moderate renal impairment may be a marker for unmeasured proatherogenic factors for women only, and women may bear a greater mortality burden that is attributable to renal impairment compared with men. Gender may influence the prognostic effect of renal impairment in coronary disease.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
Ruoling
R
Chen
Sanjeev
S
Kumar
Adam
A
Timmis
Gene
G
Feder
Muhammed M
MM
Yaqoob
Harry
H
Hemingway
D000368:Aged; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
D003404:Creatinine