The skin and hair as surrogate tissues for measuring the target effect of inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase signaling.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the use of phospho-Akt in mouse and human skin as a surrogate target for tumor phospho-Akt to measure the effect of antitumor inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI-3-K)/Akt (protein kinase B) signaling.


METHODS
The expression of phosphoSer473-Akt was quantitatively assessed by Western blotting in human HT-29 colon, MCF-7 breast, A-549 non small cell lung tumor xenografts in mice, and by immunohistochemistry in mouse skin and human hair.


RESULTS
The pattern of PI-3-K isoforms in human hair keratinocytes was similar to that in tumor but mouse hair keratinocytes showed a different pattern. A high level of phospho-Akt staining was present in keratinocytes of the external root sheath of the hair and was inhibited by the PI-3-K inhibitor PX-866 administered to mice, and in human hair exposed to PX-866 in culture. The inhibition of phospho-Akt by PX-866 in mouse hair keratinocytes was greater than inhibition of phospho-Akt in HT-29 and A-549 xenografts in the same mice. Phospho-Akt in mouse hair keratinocytes was inhibited by the Akt inhibitor PX-316 to a lesser degree than in MCF-7 tumor xenografts.


CONCLUSIONS
Hair offers a way of measuring the effects of PI-3-K signaling inhibitors and, in cancer patients, may provide a readily obtainable surrogate tissue for assessing PI-3-K and phospho-Akt inhibition in tumor.
Williams
Ryan
R
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Baker
Amanda F
AF
Ihle
Nathan T
NT
Winkler
Ashley R
AR
Kirkpatrick
Lynn
L
Powis
Garth
G
D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006067:Gonanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006197:Hair / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011817:Rabbits; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006067:Gonanes; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C435044:1-((1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methylglycero)phospho)-3-deoxy-myo-inositol; C496788:PX-866