The Pennsylvania Green Fluorophore: a hybrid of Oregon Green and Tokyo Green for the construction of hydrophobic and pH-insensitive molecular probes.
[structure: see text] Fluorescent small molecules are powerful tools for exploring cellular biology. As a more hydrophobic, photostable, and less pH-sensitive alternative to fluorescein, we synthesized Pennsylvania Green, a bright, monoanionic fluorophore related to Oregon Green and Tokyo Green. Comparison of membrane probes comprising N-alkyl-3beta-cholesterylamine linked to 4-carboxy-Tokyo Green (pK(a) approximately 6.2) and 4-carboxy-Pennsylvania Green (pK(a) approximately 4.8) revealed that only Pennsylvania Green was highly fluorescent in acidic early and recycling endosomes within living mammalian cells.
Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Laurie F
LF
Mottram
Siwarutt
S
Boonyarattanakalin
Rebecca E
RE
Kovel
Blake R
BR
Peterson
D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007476:Ionophores; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007476:Ionophores; D015335:Molecular Probes