[Extralegal coercive measures in psychiatric wards-- patients' perspectives].
BACKGROUND
A revision of the Danish Mental Health Act is planned to take place in 2005-2006. The Ministry of Health requires investigation into whether extralegal coercive measures take place in psychiatric wards. Extralegal coercion refers to restrictions and rules not included in the current Mental Health Act and considered by patients to be coercion.


METHODS
Twenty-two psychiatric patients participated in four group interviews directed by two physicians at four University Hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark. The patients were asked to define what they perceived as extralegal coercion, house rules and psychiatric treatment.


RESULTS
The majority of patients perceived lack of single rooms, restrictions on leaving the ward and shielding, i.e., being confined to one's room, to be extralegal coercion. A few also found the pressure to take medication and collection of clothes items to be extralegal coercion. Rules on smoking, clothing, day and night routines, the use of radio and TV, drugs, alcohol, visits, eating and the use of telephones were considered not extralegal coercion but necessary house rules. House rules should be clear and stated in writing. Restrictions on the use of money and locking of the front door at night were accepted in certain situations, hence not considered to be extralegal coercion.


CONCLUSIONS
Extralegal coercion does occur in psychiatric wards but in certain situations is accepted if documented. House rules are considered to be necessary and not extralegal coercion. Increased use of compulsory protocols for documenting coercive measures was not considered to be necessary, but documentation in patients' files was useful alternative.
Jensen
Hans Mørch
HM
H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, Psykiatrisk Afdeling E. hj27@bbh.hosp.dk
Poulsen
Henrik Day
HD
D003068:Coercion; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D026684:Personal Autonomy