Characterization of a novel bioflocculant, p-KG03, from a marine dinoflagellate, Gyrodinium impudicum KG03.
The flocculating activity of an exopolysaccharide, p-KG03, produced by a marine dinoflagellate Gyrodinium impudicum KG03 was investigated. The p-KG03 was a highly sulfated exopolysaccharide that showed strong antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and immunostimulating activity by NK cell activation. For the industrial applications of p-KG03, as the bioflocculant agent, p-KG03 showed that more than 90% of the flocculating activity in kaolin suspension occurred at concentrations of 0.5 mg/l with the maximum at 1.0 mg/l. However, flocculation decreased from 2.5 mg/l. The flocculation rate increased linearly with concentration and was higher than that observed in commercial products such as polyacrylamide (approximately 1.0 mg/l) or zooglan (approximately 3.0 mg/l). The p-KG03 was an effective flocculant under acidic conditions (pH 3-6) and over a wide temperature range (4-90 degrees C). The presence of cations did not enhance flocculating activity. The average molecular mass, as determined by gel filtration chromatography, was about 1.87 x 10(3) KDa. Galactose was the main sugar in p-KG03, which also contained uronic acid (2.9%, w/w) and sulfate groups (10.3%, w/w). The infrared spectrum of p-KG03 showed absorption bands of carboxylate groups. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a degradation temperature (T(d)) of 250 degrees C. Several other properties of p-KG03 such as intrinsic viscosity, the rheological behavior, consistency index (k) and flow behavior index (eta) were also studied.
Yim
Joung Han
JH
Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Ansan, Seoul 425 600, South Korea.
Kim
Sung Jin
SJ
Ahn
Se Hun
SH
Lee
Hong Kum
HK
D000818:Animals; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
D011134:Polysaccharides