Inflammatory cytokine, growth factor and counterregulatory responses to exercise in children with type 1 diabetes and healthy controls.
In children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), altered adaptive responses to exercise (secretion of growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and glucoregulatory mediators) may have potential implications in growth and development, early onset of disease complications, and incidence of hypoglycemia. We therefore measured a broad spectrum of exercise responses in 12 children with T1DM (seven males and five females) and 12 controls (six males / six females) aged 11-15 yr, during a 30-min exercise challenge @ 80% VO(2)max. Euglycemia was strictly controlled during exercise, and in diabetic patients a basal rate of i.v. insulin was allowed to maintain baseline insulin concentrations. Throughout the experiment, interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (pg/mL) were markedly higher in T1DM vs. controls (preexercise: 5.0+/-1.3 vs. 1.9+/-0.6, p<0.02; end-exercise 5.3+/-1.2 vs. 2.7+/-1.0, p<0.05; 30-min postexercise: 8.2+/-2.2 vs. 3.9+/-0.8, p<0.05). A similar pattern was also observed with norepinephrine. Growth hormone (GH) concentration was similar in both groups at baseline and end-exercise, but in T1DM the exercise-induced GH remained significantly elevated 30 min after exercise (9.2+/-2.2 vs. 3.1+/-0.9 ng/L, p<0.01). The exercise-induced increase in glucagon elicited by exercise in controls was similar to that previously observed in healthy adults (10+/-3 pg/mL); however, it was significantly blunted in T1DM children (2+/-2 pg/mL, p<0.05). In conclusion, T1DM children displayed significant alterations in multiple aspects of their adaptive response to intense exercise.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine General Clinical Research Center, Orange, CA, USA. pgalasse@uci.edu
Pietro R
PR
Galassetti
Kensho
K
Iwanaga
Melissa
M
Crisostomo
Frank P
FP
Zaldivar
Jennifer
J
Larson
Andria
A
Pescatello
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology
D001786:Blood Glucose; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005934:Glucagon; D009638:Norepinephrine