An invertebrate embryo test with the apple snail Marisa cornuarietis to assess effects of potential developmental and endocrine disruptors.
A novel invertebrate embryo test with the apple snail, Marisa cornuarietis, comprising a test protocol for the following developmental endpoints is described: formation of eyes and tentacles, heart rate, hatching, weight after hatching. To evaluate effects on embryonic development, the snails were treated in a first step with 250 or 500 microg/l cadmium. Sublethal effects in terms of a significant delay in hatching could be found in the 250 microg/l treated animals, whereas 500 microg/l Cd were lethal for the snail embryos. To test endocrine disrupting chemicals with this protocol, experiments with bisphenol A (50 microg/l, 100 microg/l) and 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (10 microg/l) were performed. In both treatments an increase of weight after hatching was observed as well as a significant decline in the heart rate of the embryos. As shown here, the sensitivity of M. cornuarietis embryos test is equal or even higher than other test species like zebrafish embryos and, therefore, this test can be regarded as an alternative or supplement for ecotoxicological studies.
Schirling
M
M
Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Konrad-Adenauer-Strasse 20, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany. martin.schirling@uni-tuebingen.de
Bohlen
A
A
Triebskorn
R
R
Köhler
H-R
HR
D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012908:Snails / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds