Meat consumption among Black and White men and risk of prostate cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
Previous epidemiologic studies have suggested that intake of red meat may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Few studies, however, have examined these associations by race. We examined intake of red meat, processed meat, and poultry in relation to incident prostate cancer among Black and White men in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Participants in the study completed a detailed questionnaire on diet, medical history, and lifestyle in 1992 to 1993. After excluding men with a history of cancer and incomplete dietary information, 692 Black and 64,856 White men were included in the cohort. During follow-up through August 31, 2001, we documented 85 and 5,028 cases of incident prostate cancer among Black and White men, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). No measure of meat consumption was associated with risk of prostate cancer among White men. Among Black men, total red meat intake (processed plus unprocessed red meat) was associated with higher risk of prostate cancer (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2 for highest versus lowest quartile; P(trend) = 0.05); this increase in risk was mainly due to risk associated with consumption of cooked processed meats (sausages, bacon, and hot dogs; RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3 for highest versus lowest quartile; P(trend) = 0.008). This study suggests that high consumption of cooked processed meats may contribute to prostate cancer risk among Black men in the United States.
Rodriguez
Carmen
C
Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4251, USA. crodrigu@cancer.org
McCullough
Marjorie L
ML
Mondul
Alison M
AM
Jacobs
Eric J
EJ
Chao
Ann
A
Patel
Alpa V
AV
Thun
Michael J
MJ
Calle
Eugenia E
EE
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002417:Cattle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001741:Black or African American