Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates interleukin-11 production by human periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts.
BACKGROUND
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a potent multifunctional polypeptide, abundant in the bone matrix. Interleukin (IL)-11 is a pleiotropic cytokine with effects on multiple cell types. The present study was performed to evaluate the regulatory effects of TGF-beta on IL-11 production by human periodontal ligament cells (PDL) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).


METHODS
The expression of TGF-beta receptor in PDL and HGF were observed using flow cytometry. PDL and HGF were stimulated with TGF-beta with or without protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and activator. IL-11, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and TGF-beta mRNA expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL-11 production was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.


RESULTS
PDL and HGF expressed both TGF-beta receptor I and TGF-beta receptor II on the cell surfaces. IL-11 mRNA expression and IL-11 production were augmented by TGF-beta in both PDL and HGF, with higher values in PDL. PKC inhibitors partially suppressed TGF-beta-induced IL-11 production in PDL and HGF, whereas activator enhanced it. TGF-beta mRNA and BMP-2 mRNA expression were up-regulated by TGF-beta in PDL.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that PDL produce IL-11 in response to TGF-beta.
Yashiro
R
R
Periodontology, Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. reiko-yashiro.peri@tmd.ac.jp
Nagasawa
T
T
Kiji
M
M
Hormdee
D
D
Kobayashi
H
H
Koshy
G
G
Nitta
H
H
Ishikawa
I
I
D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020536:Enzyme Activators / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D020536:Enzyme Activators; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017370:Interleukin-11; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D011493:Protein Kinase C