The relation of cigarette smoking to incident Alzheimer's disease in a biracial urban community population.
The relationship between smoking status and incident Alzheimer's disease (AD) was investigated in a random stratified sample of a biracial community in Chicago. Analyses are based on 1,064 persons (of 1,134 evaluated) who had data on smoking status, disease incidence, and key covariates such as apolipoprotein allele status. During a mean of about 4 years of follow-up, 170 persons met criteria for incident AD. Current smoking was associated with increased risk of incident AD (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.4-8.0) compared to persons who never smoked. There was no apparent increase in risk of AD for former smokers compared to persons who never smoked (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.5-1.7). Apolipoprotein E allele status modified this association in that former smokers with a upsilon4 allele were less likely to develop AD (p = 0.04) than those who never smoked. Former smokers also appeared to have a reduced risk of developing AD as their pack-years of smoking increased (p = 0.02)such that the odds of developing AD increased by 50% for every 10 years of smoking cessation (OR = 1.3, CI = 0.9-1.7). The results suggest that older people who currently smoke are more likely to develop AD compared to those who never smoked; the relation between those who used to smoke but quit and the risk of AD is complex and requires further research.
Aggarwal
Neelum T
NT
Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Armour Academic Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. naggarw@ush.edu
Bienias
Julia L
JL
Bennett
David A
DA
Wilson
Robert S
RS
Morris
Martha Clare
MC
Schneider
Julie A
JA
Shah
Raj C
RC
Evans
Denis A
DA
D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014504:Urban Health; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E