The intricate relationships between monitoring and control in metacognition: lessons for the cause-and-effect relation between subjective experience and behavior.
Do we run away because we are frightened, or are we frightened because we run away? The authors address this issue with respect to the relation between metacognitive monitoring and metacognitive control. When self-regulation is goal driven, monitoring effects control processes so that increased processing effort should enhance feelings of competence and feelings of knowing. In contrast, when self-regulation is data driven, such feelings may be based themselves on the feedback from control processes, in which case they should decrease with increasing effort. Evidence for both monitoring-based control and control-based monitoring occurring even in the same situation is presented. The results are discussed with regard to the issue of the cause-and-effect relation between subjective experience and behavior.
Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. akoriat@research.haifa.ac.il
Asher
A
Koriat
Hilit
H
Ma'ayan
Ravit
R
Nussinson
D001288:Attention; D001364:Awareness; D003463:Cues; D004644:Emotions; D005246:Feedback; D005793:Generalization, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007600:Judgment; D011939:Mental Recall; D009042:Motivation; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011930:Reaction Time; D012647:Self-Assessment