A ten-year prospective study on gallbladder stone recurrence after successful extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy.
OBJECTIVE
The risk of recurrence has limited the acceptability of conservative therapies of gallbladder stones. The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term rate of stone recurrence and its risk factors after successful extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL).


METHODS
The study comprised a prospective ultrasound follow-up at yearly intervals or whenever biliary pain was reported. A total of 192 consecutive patients (primary single stones, n=159; primary 2 or 3 stones, n=33) were followed for up to 11.2 years after becoming stone-free and after termination of adjuvant treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).


RESULTS
Eighty-four patients developed recurrent stones after a median of 2.6 years (maximum?=?8.8 years). The 108 patients without recurrence were followed for a median of 6.7 years (maximum=11.2 years). By actuarial analysis, the cumulative recurrence rates for these 192 stone-free patients were 27%+/-3%, 41%+/-4% and 54%+/-4% (observed +/-SE) at 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Cox's regression analysis was used to identify the presence of slight calcification in the primary stone(s) as a protective feature against recurrence (p=0.03).


CONCLUSIONS
1) The risk of recurrence continues to increase over time, and although it rises less steeply after 5 years, it does not reach a plateau until at least 10 years. 2) Having had slightly calcified stone(s) seems to be associated with a reduced risk of recurrence and might signal a "burnt out" lithogenic process. 3) The long-term results are unsatisfactory and ESWL of gallbladder stones should be offered only in special cases.
Carrilho-Ribeiro
Luís
L
Centre of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. Icribeiro@netcabo.pt
Pinto-Correia
António
A
Velosa
José
J
Carneiro De Moura
Miguel
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D042882:Gallstones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography