How much attention is needed towards men who sell sex to men for HIV prevention in India?
BACKGROUND
HIV prevention in India has mostly focussed on heterosexual transmission. Data on homosexual transmission are not readily available from India. We therefore assessed the probability of acquiring and transmitting HIV for men who sell sex to men and compared this with women who sell sex in India.


METHODS
Sexual behaviour characteristics of 6661 men who have sex with men and 6648 women who sell sex were obtained in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh through confidential interviews. These, along with estimates of HIV rates among them and risk of HIV transmission per unprotected sex act from other sources, were used to calculate their annual probability of acquiring and transmitting HIV.


RESULTS
Of 6661 men who have sex with men in this sample, 1776 (26.7%) had sold sex to men. For every 1000 men who sell sex to men, annually 146 (95% confidence interval [CI] 116-179) would acquire HIV and HIV would be transmitted to 55 (95% CI 42-71) men who do not sell sex or women. These estimates were higher by 6.7 (95% CI 4.9-9.2) times for acquiring HIV and 2.5 (95% CI 2.0-3.2) times for transmitting HIV to sex partners outside their group, as compared with similar estimates for women who sell sex. In this sample, the average annual probability of acquiring HIV was higher among men who have sex with men but do not sell sex as compared with women who sell sex.


CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that men who sell sex to men are at much higher risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV than women who sell sex. Therefore, men who sell sex to men and their clients warrant substantial attention for comprehensive HIV prevention in India.
Health Studies Area, Centre for Human Development, Administrative Staff College of India, Hyderabad, India. dandona@asci.org.in
Lalit
L
Dandona
Rakhi
R
Dandona
G Anil
GA
Kumar
Juan Pablo
JP
Gutierrez
Sam
S
McPherson
Stefano M
SM
Bertozzi
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011477:Sex Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*