Thrombosis in children with malignancy.
OBJECTIVE
The association between thrombosis and malignancy in adults is well known. Children are now surviving malignancies that previously resulted in mortality. Complications, however, occur including thrombosis that result in mortality and morbidity. This review will explore the association in children and discuss the epidemiology and evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis in this cohort.


RESULTS
Thrombin is an important link between malignancy, metastases, and inflammation. The accurate diagnosis of thrombosis in the upper venous system is directly related to the diagnostic technique used. Antithrombotic treatment is challenging owing to higher risks of bleeding, for example, decreased platelet counts, tiffelitis, large vascular tumor, etc.


CONCLUSIONS
Thrombosis and malignancy are associated in children. Properly designed studies are urgently required to further define the epidemiology of thrombosis in different malignancies and to find the best way to diagnose and treat thrombosis in children.
Bajzar
Laszlo
L
Pediatric Thrombosis Program, Alberta, Canada.
Chan
Anthony K
AK
Massicotte
Mary Patricia
MP
Mitchell
Lesley G
LG
D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control