Sodium bicarbonate improves outcome in prolonged prehospital cardiac arrest.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the effect of early administration of an empirical (1 mEq/kg) sodium bicarbonate dose on survival from prehospital cardiac arrest within brief (<5 minutes), moderate (5-15 minutes), and prolonged (>15 minutes) down time.


METHODS
Prospective randomized, double-blinded clinical intervention trial that enrolled 874 prehospital cardiopulmonary arrest patients managed by prehospital, suburban, and rural regional emergency medical services. Over a 4-year period, the randomized experimental group received an empirical dose of bicarbonate (1 mEq/kg) after standard advanced cardiac life support interventions. Outcome was measured as survival to emergency department, as this was a prehospital study.


RESULTS
The overall survival rate was 13.9% (110/792) for prehospital arrest patients. There was no difference in the amount of sodium bicarbonate administered to nonsurvivors (0.859 +/- 0.284 mEq/kg) and survivors (0.8683 +/- 0.284 mEq/kg) (P = .199). Overall, there was no difference in survival in those who received bicarbonate (7.4% [58/420]), compared with those who received placebo (6.7% [52/372]) (P = .88; risk ratio, 1.0236; 0.142-0.1387). There was, however, a trend toward improved outcome with bicarbonate in prolonged (>15 minute) arrest with a 2-fold increase in survival (32.8% vs 15.4%; P = .007).


CONCLUSIONS
The empirical early administration of sodium bicarbonate (1 mEq/kg) has no effect on the overall outcome in prehospital cardiac arrest. However, a trend toward improvement in prolonged (>15 minutes) arrest outcome was noted.
Vukmir
Rade B
RB
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Northwest; and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, PA 16346, USA. rbvmd@comcast.net
Katz
Laurence
L
D022561:Advanced Cardiac Life Support; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate