Influence of cobalt concentration on vitamin B12 production and fermentation of mixed ruminal microorganisms grown in continuous culture flow-through fermentors.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary concentrations of Co on vitamin B12 production and fermentation of mixed ruminal microbes grown in continuous culture fermentors. Four fermentors were fed 14 g of DM/d. The DM consisted of a corn and cottonseed hull-based diet with Co supplemented as CoCO3. Dietary treatments were 1) control (containing 0.05 mg of Co/kg of DM), 2) 0.05 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM, 3) 0.10 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM, and 4) 1.0 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM. After a 3-d adjustment period, fermentors were sampled over a 3-d sampling period. This process was repeated 2 additional times for a total of 3 runs. Ruminal fluid vitamin B12 concentrations were affected by Co supplementation (P < 0.01), and there was a treatment x day interaction (P < 0.01). By sampling d 3, cultures fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.10 mg of Co/kg had greater (P < 0.05) vitamin B12 concentrations than those supplemented with 0.05 mg of Co/kg of DM, and increasing supplemental Co from 0.10 to 1.0 mg/kg of DM increased (P < 0.01) ruminal fluid vitamin B12 concentration. Ruminal fluid succinate also was affected (P < 0.10) by a treatment x day interaction. Cobalt supplementation to the control diet greatly decreased (P < 0.05) succinate in ruminal cultures on sampling d 3 but not on d 1 or 2. Molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate, and acetate:propionate were not affected by the addition of supplemental Co to the basal diet. However, molar proportions of butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate increased (P < 0.05) in response to supplemental Co. The majority of long-chain fatty acids observed in this study were not affected by Co supplementation. However, percentages of C18:0 fatty acids in ruminal cultures tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for Co-supplemented diets relative to the control. Methane, ammonia, and pH were not greatly affected by Co supplementation. The results indicate that a total (diet plus supplemental) Co concentration of 0.10 to 0.15 mg/kg of dietary DM resulted in adequate vitamin B12 production to meet the requirements of ruminal microorganisms fed a high-concentrate diet in continuous-flow fermentors.
Department of Animal Science, Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695-7621, USA.
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Tiffany
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Fellner
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Spears
D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003035:Cobalt / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D008697:Methane / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D003035:Cobalt; D000641:Ammonia; D019802:Succinic Acid; D008697:Methane; D014805:Vitamin B 12