QEEG monitoring of Alzheimer's disease treatment: a preliminary report of three case studies.
Previous research has shown that quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) can monitor treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This study investigated the ability of a qEEG measure based on EEG variance, combined with a delayed recognition memory task, to measure treatment effects on patients with AD. Three AD patients with very mild AD (CDR=0.5, FAST stage 3) were monitored with task specific EEG at multiple time points before and after medication treatment. Patients had their EEG recorded while performing a recognition memory task. A measure of (normalized) variance was applied to the EEG data. To the extent possible, the subjects received this treatment monitoring multiple times. These patients were monitored a total of 14 times, which yielded 11 measurements of qEEG change during the course of treatment. The direction of change in patients' qEEG values agreed with patients' medication treatment on 10 out of 11 occasions, p < 0.006 (binomial test) and was more accurate than monitoring with the relative theta power, p < 0.05. The results of this monitoring also showed that the qEEG measure accurately reflected treatment in a dose dependent manner. These results were independent of the specific medication monitored; Galantamine, Memantine, Nicotine, and Rivastigmine. In conclusion, this qEEG method may be useful for measuring AD treatment responses.
University of California at Irvine, USA. rsneddon@dslextreme.com
Robert
R
Sneddon
William Rodman
WR
Shankle
Junko
J
Hara
Anthony
A
Rodriquez
Donald
D
Hoffman
Utpal
U
Saha
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D000068836:Rivastigmine