Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents in Kampala, Uganda, and theoretical models for improving syndromic management.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of treatable sexually transmitted infections (STI) in adolescents visiting a youth health clinic. To evaluate the algorithm for management of the abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) syndrome recommended in Uganda's national guidelines and compare it with other theoretical flowchart models.


METHODS
Sexually experienced adolescents who were visiting an urban youth health clinic in Kampala, Uganda were examined and interviewed (with their consent) about their socio-demographic background, sexual risk factors, and genital symptoms. Samples taken for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) was used with confirming treponema pallidum hem agglutination (TPHA) for syphilis diagnosis. One hundred ninety-nine females and 107 males were examined. Performance of the national algorithm was compared with different theoretical algorithms.


RESULTS
Prevalence of CT, NG, TV and syphilis was 4.5%, 9.0%, 8.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, for girls and 4.7%, 5.7%, 0%, and 2.8%, respectively, for boys. We found that 20.6% of the females and 13.2% of the males had at least one STI. The national AVD flow chart had a sensitivity of 61%, a specificity of 38.5% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 11.6%. All the models had PPV of less than 20% and sensitivity less than 85%. The best performing algorithm using risk and protective factors, rather than symptoms, implicated a sensitivity/specificity and PPV of 82.6%/47% and 17.3%, respectively (p = .012).


CONCLUSIONS
An algorithm for management of STI using behavioral and demographic factors in this population demonstrated enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and PPV.
Råssjö
Eva-Britta
EB
Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. eva-britta.rassjo@ltdalarna.se
Kambugu
Fred
F
Tumwesigye
Mbona N
MN
Tenywa
Tom
T
Darj
Elisabeth
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008880:Midwifery; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015231:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D019522:Vaginal Discharge / Q000209:etiology*; D014944:World Health Organization
D004269:DNA, Bacterial