Effects of air cell injection of perfluorooctane sulfonate before incubation on development of the white leghorn chicken (Gallus domesticus) embryo.
Fifty white leghorn chicken (Gallus domesticus) eggs per group were injected with 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, or 20.0 microg perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)/g egg before incubation to investigate the effects of PFOS on the developing embryo. Hatchlings were weighed, examined for gross developmental abnormalities, and transferred to a battery brooder, where they were raised for 7 d. Chicks were then weighed, and 20 birds per treatment were randomly chosen for necropsy. The brain, heart, kidneys, and liver were removed and weighed. Livers were processed further for determination of PFOS concentrations and histological assessment. Hatchability was reduced significantly in all treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. The calculated median lethal dose was 4.9 microg PFOS/g egg. Perfluorooctane sulfonate did not affect posthatch body or organ weights. Exposure to PFOS caused pathological changes in the liver characterized by bile duct hyperplasia, periportal inflammation, and hepatic cell necrosis at doses as low as 1.0 microg PFOS/g egg. Perfluorooctane sulfonate concentrations in the liver increased in a dose-dependent manner. Based on reduced hatchability, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level was 0.1 microg PFOS/g egg.
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
Elizabeth D
ED
Molina
Richard
R
Balander
Scott D
SD
Fitzgerald
John P
JP
Giesy
Kurunthachalam
K
Kannan
Rachel
R
Mitchell
Steven J
SJ
Bursian
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002645:Chickens; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D007267:Injections; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D015053:Zygote
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid