Platinum group element concentrations and osmium isotopic composition in urban airborne particles from Boston, Massachusetts.
Platinum, Pd, Rh, and Os were found to occur at elevated concentrations in airborne particles (PM10) collected at urban sites in Boston, MA. Average Pt, Pd, Rh, and Os concentrations were 6.9 +/- 1.9, 8.1 +/- 1.8, 1.50 +/- 0.50, and 0.068 (-0.068 + 0.070) pg m(-3), respectively. Elevated Pt, Pd, and Rh concentrations are attributed to automobile catalysts, which use Pt, Pd, and Rh for the removal of pollutants from engine exhaust gas. An automobile catalyst source is supported by significant correlations between these elements and by a Pt/Rh similar to that in catalysts. Elevated Os concentrations are also believed to be the result of emission from automobile catalysts in which Os occurs as an impurity. The isotopic composition of Os (187Os/ 188Os) ranged from 0.30 to 2.90, indicating large variations in Os sources. Osmium has a predominantly anthropogenic origin at concentrations > 0.1 pg m(-3), whereas natural sources are more important at lower Os concentrations. Osmium isotopic composition also indicates that Pt, Pd, and Rh in Boston air are of almost exclusive anthropogenic origin, with a relatively small natural contribution. Our results indicate that scavenging by rain plays a major role in the atmospheric residence time and environmental fate of PGE.
Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden. Sebastien.rauch@wet.chalmers.se
Sebastien
S
Rauch
Harold F
HF
Hemond
Bernhard
B
Peucker-Ehrenbrink
Kristine H
KH
Ek
Gregory M
GM
Morrison
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001900:Boston; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008404:Massachusetts; D009992:Osmium / Q000032:analysis*; D010165:Palladium / Q000032:analysis; D010984:Platinum / Q000032:analysis*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011891:Rain; D012238:Rhodium / Q000032:analysis; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D011868:Radioisotopes; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D009992:Osmium; D010984:Platinum; D010165:Palladium; D012238:Rhodium