Laboratory tests in patients with acute appendicitis.
BACKGROUND
Laboratory measurements such as leucocyte count, neutrophil percentage and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration are commonly used as diagnostic aids in patients with suspected acute appendicitis. The present study aimed to clarify the role of these laboratory tests in diagnosing acute appendicitis.


METHODS
The medical records of 897 patients who underwent appendicectomy for suspected acute appendicitis during a 30-month period were retrospectively reviewed. The laboratory findings were correlated with the histopathology of the excised appendices. Data were analysed to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the individual tests, as well as the test combinations.


RESULTS
Histologically verified appendicitis was found in 740 of the 897 patients (82.5%). The rise in leucocyte count and neutrophil percentage correlated with the degree of appendiceal inflammation. The median CRP level was much higher in the patients with ruptured appendicitis compared with that in patients with a normal appendix (96.8 vs 39.6 mg/L, P < 0.001). However, patients with uncomplicated appendicitis had a lower median CRP concentration than those with a normal appendix, although the difference was not statistically significant (24.1 vs 39.6 mg/L, P = 0.079). The sensitivity of leucocyte count, neutrophil percentage and CRP in diagnosing acute appendicitis was 85.8, 87.2 and 76.5%, respectively, whereas the specificity was 31.9, 33.1 and 26.1%, respectively. Of the 740 patients with acute appendicitis, only six had all three tests simultaneously within the reference interval.


CONCLUSIONS
Abnormal laboratory findings cannot reliably deliver a diagnosis of acute appendicitis. However, acute appendicitis is very unlikely when leucocyte count, neutrophil percentage and CRP level are simultaneously normal.
Yang
Horng-Ren
HR
Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
Wang
Yu-Chun
YC
Chung
Ping-Kuei
PK
Chen
Wei-Kung
WK
Jeng
Long-Bin
LB
Chen
Ray-Jade
RJ
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004239:Diverticulitis, Colonic / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D002097:C-Reactive Protein