Repeated ankle sprains and delayed neuromuscular response: acceleration time parameters.
METHODS
A comparative study.


OBJECTIVE
To assess whether in subjects with unilateral chronic ankle instability the dynamic reaction time of the affected ankle differs from the healthy ankle and from ankles of a control group.


BACKGROUND
Reaction time is an essential element in joint protection against sudden unexpected excessive movement requiring fast and coordinated muscle action. During a sudden ankle inversion movement, a reflex action of the evertor muscles is needed to counteract the movement. Adequate neuromuscular response is crucial and a delayed response could contribute to inversion trauma and subsequently to chronic ankle instability. The isokinetic dynamometer acceleration time (ACC-TIME) provides valuable information on dynamic neuromuscular ability.


METHODS
Patients with unilateral chronic ankle instability (n = 11) and healthy individuals in a control group (n = 11) were tested on an isokinetic dynamometer during 3 sets of 3 reciprocal inversion/eversion movements of both ankles at 30 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s. Analysis of variance models were used to compare the ACC-TIME of the affected ankle to the unaffected ankle of the same subjects and a control group.


RESULTS
For the evertor muscles at 30 degrees/s and 120 degrees/s a significantly prolonged ACC-TIME was found when comparing the affected ankles to the contralateral ankles and both ankles of the control group. For the invertor muscles at 120 degrees/s a significantly prolonged ACC-TIME was found when comparing the affected ankle to the unaffected ankles of patients and those of the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Because the most important evertor muscles are innervated by the fibular nerve, the significantly prolonged ACC-TIME of the affected ankle is consistent with the finding of a lower motor nerve conduction velocity of the fibular nerve after inversion trauma. The results support the concept of a delayed neuromuscular response as an important factor in the etiology of chronic ankle instability.
van Cingel
Robert E H
RE
Sports Medical Center Papendal, Papendallaan 60, 6816 VD Arnhem, The Netherlands. r.vancingel@planet.nl
Kleinrensink
Gertjan
G
Uitterlinden
Elian J
EJ
Rooijens
Patrick P G M
PP
Mulder
Paul G H
PG
Aufdemkampe
Geert
G
Stoeckart
Rob
R
D000054:Acceleration; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000294:innervation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000453:epidemiology*