Disposition of ceftazidime after intraperitoneal administration in adolescent patients receiving continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis.
BACKGROUND
Peritonitis is the single most common complication in children maintained on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and a significant cause of morbidity. Recent consensus guidelines for the treatment of peritonitis in children receiving peritoneal dialysis recommend the combined intraperitoneal administration of ceftazidime with either a first-generation cephalosporin or vancomycin. The objective of this study is to determine whether a continuous maintenance dose of intraperitoneal ceftazidime in the absence of a loading dose would maintain adequate serum and dialysate concentrations to be effective in the treatment of peritonitis.


METHODS
Five ambulatory patients on CCPD therapy were studied with continuous intraperitoneal administration of ceftazidime (125 mg/L). Blood, dialysate, and urine samples were collected at specified intervals during a 24-hour period. Ceftazidime concentrations were measured by using a high-performance liquid chromatography assay.


RESULTS
Mean serum concentrations at completion of the short rapid cycles and at 24 hours were 28.92 +/- 13.64 and 23.92 +/- 11.93 microg/mL, respectively. Serum bioavailability at 24 hours was 74% +/- 6%. Mean dialysate concentrations at completion of the short rapid cycles and at 24 hours were 87.43 +/- 19.18 and 32.06 +/- 6.27 microg/mL, respectively. All 5 patients achieved serum and dialysate ceftazidime concentrations greater than the mean inhibitory concentration within 4 hours.


CONCLUSIONS
In adolescent patients on CCPD therapy, a continuous maintenance dose of intraperitoneal ceftazidime in the absence of a loading dose achieves serum and dialysate levels greater than the mean inhibitory concentration of sensitive organisms within 4 hours that persist for 24 hours.
Sisterhen
Laura L
LL
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
Stowe
Cindy D
CD
Farrar
Hank C
HC
Blaszak
Christine K
CK
Blaszak
Richard T
RT
D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D002442:Ceftazidime