The relationship between recurrent optic disc hemorrhage and glaucoma progression.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the clinical characteristics and progression rates of glaucoma in patients with recurrent and single disc hemorrhages (DHs).


METHODS
Retrospective comparative case series.


METHODS
Patients with DH.


METHODS
The medical records of 57 eyes of 54 patients with DH were reviewed retrospectively. These patients had been regularly followed up at 1- to 3-month intervals, between 1991 and 2003, for at least 1 year after the initial DH. The recurrent DH group was composed of patients who had experienced > or =2 episodes of hemorrhage, whereas the single DH group was composed of those who had experienced a single DH episode. These 2 patient groups were compared with respect to clinical courses after initial DH and their clinical characteristics.


METHODS
Progression of optic disc and visual field (VF) deterioration.


RESULTS
Twenty-six of the eyes in this study (45.6%) exhibited recurrent DH, and 31 eyes (54.4%) single DH. The average total follow-up period in the recurrent DH group was 67.5 months, whereas single DH patients were followed up for an average of 54.7 months. There were no differences between the groups with regard to age, diagnosis, follow-up period, associated disease, or mean deviation in automated perimetry. Normal-tension glaucoma was the most commonly encountered glaucoma type, and the inferotemporal area was the most common location of DH in both groups. The cumulative probability of optic disc deterioration, including retinal nerve fiber layer change after DH, was found to be significantly greater in patients with recurrent DH (P = 0.004, log rank test). However, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups with regard to rate of VF deterioration (P = 0.10, log rank test).


CONCLUSIONS
No differences were found between the recurrent and single DH groups in terms of clinical characteristics. Recurrent DH in cases of glaucoma may reflect more rapid optic nerve head damage progression than single DH.
Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
Seok Hwan
SH
Kim
Ki Ho
KH
Park
D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D014794:Visual Fields