Attenuation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by trimetazidine derivatives functionalized with antioxidant properties.
Trimetazidine (TMZ), an anti-ischemic metabolic drug, is used to treat chest pain (angina pectoris). We hypothesized that derivatives of TMZ with antioxidant functions may improve the cardiac dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) above that observed with TMZ alone. Isolated rat hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer according to the Langendorff method were subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Trimetazidine, TMZ-NH (TMZ modified with a pyrroline moiety), or TMZ-PhiNH (TMZ-NH with a phenyl substitute) were infused (50 microM) for 1 min before the onset of ischemia. Untreated (control) hearts at the end of 45 min of reperfusion showed a significant decrease in the recovery of coronary flow (42%), left ventricular-developed pressure (22%), and rate-pressure product (25%) compared with preischemic baseline values. The I/R hearts also showed markedly increased lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities in the coronary effluent, significant myocardial infarction (46% of risk area), and activation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Pretreatment of hearts with TMZ-NH or TMZ-PhiNH significantly enhanced the recovery of heart function and decreased infarct size. The I/R-induced activation of Akt was further enhanced by TMZ-PhiNH. The present study demonstrated that TMZ-NH and TMZ-PhiNH significantly protected hearts against I/R-mediated cardiac dysfunction and injury. The protective effect of the TMZ derivatives could be due to the combined effects of antioxidant and anti-ischemic activities as well as enhanced pro-survival Akt activity.
Kutala
Vijay Kumar
VK
Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 420 W. 12th Ave., Room 114, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Khan
Mahmood
M
Mandal
Rajarsi
R
Ganesan
Latha P
LP
Tridandapani
Susheela
S
Kalai
Tamas
T
Hideg
Kalman
K
Kuppusamy
Periannan
P
D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D014292:Trimetazidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013481:Superoxides; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D014292:Trimetazidine