COX isoforms in the cardiovascular system: understanding the activities of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the formation of prostanoids by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Work in the past 15 years has shown that COX exists in two forms: COX1, which is largely associated with physiological functions, and COX2, which is largely associated with pathological functions. Heated debate followed the introduction of selective COX2 inhibitors around 5 years ago: do these drugs offer any advantages over the traditional NSAIDs theywere meant to replace, particularly in regard to gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects? Here we discuss the evidence and the latest recommendations for the use of selective inhibitors of COX2 as well as the traditional NSAIDs.
Mitchell
Jane A
JA
Cardiothoracic Pharmacology, Unit of Critical Care Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital, Imperial College School of Medicine, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK. j.a.mitchell@ic.ac.uk
Warner
Timothy D
TD
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2