Cold temperature PM emissions measurement: method evaluation and application to light duty vehicles.
This work examines the methodology to sample and measure the number and size of motor vehicle particulate emissions (PM) at subambient temperatures. The study has two principal objectives. The first is to address the following question: which aspects of the particle sampling, dilution, and size measurement process must be made at the vehicle test temperature to obtain an accurate representation of the PM emissions? The second is to perform a preliminary overview of how subambient temperature operation affects PM emissions from the major classes of current model light duty vehicles. The principal findings are the following: (1) The temperature of the particle size instruments, test cell versus room temperature, has little effect on the measurements. (2) Once the engine has warmed, solid particle (soot) mode emissions in the cold test cell are similar to those at room temperature. The first finding simplifies cold temperature emissionstesting because it allows particle sizing instruments to be placed outside the cold test cell and operated at room temperature. The latter is consistent with the expectation that solid particles are formed in the engine and are therefore relatively unaffected by ambient conditions after engine warm-up. Use of cold dilution air in the room-temperature test cell increases the number and size of nuclei particles; however, the effect of dilution airtemperature was inconclusive in the cold test cell.
Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
Jyrki
J
Ristimäki
Jorma
J
Keskinen
Annele
A
Virtanen
Matti
M
Maricq
Päivi
P
Aakko
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005387:Finland; D005742:Gasoline / Q000145:classification; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000145:classification; D010316:Particle Size; D013696:Temperature; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002244:Carbon