Degradation of phenanthrene by Burkholderia sp. C3: initial 1,2- and 3,4-dioxygenation and meta- and ortho-cleavage of naphthalene-1,2-diol.
Burkholderia sp. C3 was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site in Hilo, Hawaii, USA, and studied for its degradation of phenanthrene as a sole carbon source. The initial 3,4-C dioxygenation was faster than 1,2-C dioxygenation in the first 3-day culture. However, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid derived from 3,4-C dioxygenation degraded much slower than 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid derived from 1,2-C dioxygenation. Slow degradation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid relative to 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid may trigger 1,2-C dioxygenation faster after 3 days of culture. High concentrations of 5,6- and 7,8-benzocoumarins indicated that meta-cleavage was the major degradation mechanism of phenanthrene-1,2- and -3,4-diols. Separate cultures with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid and 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid showed that the degradation rate of the former to naphthalene-1,2-diol was much faster than that of the latter. The two upper metabolic pathways of phenanthrene are converged into naphthalene-1,2-diol that is further metabolized to 2-carboxycinnamic acid and 2-hydroxybenzalpyruvic acid by ortho- and meta-cleavages, respectively. Transformation of naphthalene-1,2-diol to 2-carboxycinnamic acid by this strain represents the first observation of ortho-cleavage of two rings-PAH-diols by a Gram-negative species.
Seo
Jong-Su
JS
Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Keum
Young-Soo
YS
Hu
Yuting
Y
Lee
Sung-Eun
SE
Li
Qing X
QX
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019117:Burkholderia / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006254:Hawaii; D007700:Kinetics; D009284:Naphthols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009284:Naphthols; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; C031181:phenanthrene