Behavioral problems and the effects of early intervention on eight-year-old children with learning disabilities.
OBJECTIVE
1) To investigate the comorbidity of verbal and nonverbal learning disability subtypes with several domains of behavior problems among 8-year-old children. 2) To determine whether receipt of an early intervention modified the association between childhood behavior problems and learning disabilities (LD).


METHODS
This is a secondary data analysis of the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP), a randomized clinical trial of an early intervention provided between ages 0 and 3 involving 985 children born low birthweight and premature. The findings are based on a prospective follow-up of these children at 8 years of age.


RESULTS
Compared to children without verbal LD (VLD), those with VLD were twice as likely to exhibit clinical levels of total behavior problems and 89% more likely to exhibit externalizing behavior problems. Analysis of specific subscales of behavior revealed significant associations with anxious/depressed and withdrawn behaviors, as well as an increased likelihood of attention problems among children with VLD. No significant association was found between nonverbal LD (NVLD) and any type of behavior problem. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between VLD and the intervention, in which the odds of internalizing behavior problems were greater among children with VLD. No interaction effect of the intervention occurred for any type of behavior problem among children with NVLD.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide evidence that distinct differences exist for different learning disability subtypes with regards to behavioral outcomes and the effects of early intervention services among 8-year-old children.
Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0936, USA. Jennifer.Yu@ucsf.edu
Jennifer W
JW
Yu
Stephen L
SL
Buka
Marie C
MC
McCormick
Garrett M
GM
Fitzmaurice
Alka
A
Indurkhya
D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014705:Verbal Behavior