Enhanced cell survival of Hep3B cells by the hepatitis B x antigen effector, URG11, is associated with upregulation of beta-catenin.
Intrahepatic expression of hepatitis B x antigen (HBxAg) is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), perhaps through trans-activation of selected cellular genes. When this was examined by PowerBlot analysis, upregulated levels of beta-catenin and several known beta-catenin effectors were observed in HBxAg-positive compared with HBxAg-negative HepG2 cells. When HBxAg was introduced into Hep3B cells, upregulated expression of wild-type beta-catenin was observed. This was also observed in Hep3B cells overexpressing the HBxAg upregulated gene, URG11. Upregulated expression of URG11 and beta-catenin correlated with HBxAg trans-activation function. Transient transfection assays with fragments of the beta-catenin promoter showed that it was activated by both HBxAg and URG11 and inhibited by URG11-specific small inhibitory RNA. The latter also inhibited the growth of Hep3BX cells in a serum-free medium, which correlated with depressed levels of beta-catenin. Activation of beta-catenin effector genes was observed in cells stably expressing HBxAg or overexpressing URG11 compared with control cells transfected with the pTOPFLASH reporter plasmid. Extensive costaining between HBxAg, URG11, and beta-catenin was observed in infected liver and HCC nodules, suggesting a close relationship in vivo. In conclusion, wild-type beta-catenin is activated by HBxAg, in part, through the upregulated expression of the HBxAg effector URG11. URG11 stimulates the beta-catenin promoter and hepatocellular growth and survival. These observations also suggest that URG11 may be a regulatory element in the beta-catenin signaling pathway and may be a target for chemoprevention of HCC.
Lian
Zhaorui
Z
Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Liu
Jie
J
Li
Li
L
Li
Xianxing
X
Clayton
Marcy
M
Wu
Meng-Chao
MC
Wang
Hong-Yang
HY
Arbuthnot
Patrick
P
Kew
Michael
M
Fan
Daiming
D
Feitelson
Mark A
MA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000235:genetics; D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens; D018197:Hepatoblastoma / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics*
D006511:Hepatitis B Antigens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein