Protein cell surface display in Gram-positive bacteria: from single protein to macromolecular protein structure.
In the course of evolution, Gram-positive bacteria, defined here as prokaryotes from the domain Bacteria with a cell envelope composed of one biological membrane (monodermita) and a cell wall composed at least of peptidoglycan and covalently linked teichoic acids, have developed several mechanisms permitting to a cytoplasmic synthesized protein to be present on the bacterial cell surface. Four major types of cell surface displayed proteins are currently recognized: (i) transmembrane proteins, (ii) lipoproteins, (iii) LPXTG-like proteins and (iv) cell wall binding proteins. The subset of proteins exposed on the bacterial cell surface, and thus interacting with extracellular milieu, constitutes the surfaceome. Here, we review exhaustively the current molecular mechanisms involved in protein attachment within the cell envelope of Gram-positive bacteria, from single protein to macromolecular protein structure.
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherche Clermont-Ferrand - Theix - Lyon, Unité de Microbiologie, Equipe Qualité et Sécurité des Aliments, Site de Theix, Saint-Genès Champanelle, France. mdesvaux@sancy.clermont.inra.fr
Mickaël
M
Desvaux
Emilie
E
Dumas
Ingrid
I
Chafsey
Michel
M
Hébraud
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D044603:Cellulosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D005407:Flagella / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary / Q000502:physiology
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009088:Mucoproteins; C055764:S-layer proteins; C010393:lysin, gastropoda; D019881:Aminoacyltransferases; C120542:sortase A; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D002794:Choline