Thermoregulatory responses to exercise in the heat: chronic caffeine intake has no effect.
BACKGROUND
Authorities advise individuals to refrain from caffeine intake before or during exercise, especially when performed in the heat, due to potential fluid-electrolyte imbalances that exaggerate physiological strain. Yet, military personnel are often deployed to hot environments and must perform under sleep-deprived conditions where caffeine would be an ideal intervention strategy to enhance physical and cognitive performance.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the effects of controlled chronic and acute caffeine ingestion on fluid-electrolyte, physiological and thermoregulatory responses during an exercise heat tolerance test (EHT).


METHODS
Subjects were 59 active, college-aged males (mean +/- SE 21.6 +/- 0.4 yr, 177.9 +/- 0.8 cm, 75.4 +/- 1.0 kg, 11.1 +/- 0.7% body fat) who were randomized and stratified by age, bodyweight, and body composition into three groups. All subjects equilibrated caffeine intake at 3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for days 1-6. On days 7-12, they consumed a treatment dose of either 0 (G0), 3 (G3), or 6 (G6) mg x kg(-1) x d(-1). Fluid-electrolyte and physiological measures were made on day 12, 1 h after caffeine intake, during the EHT (90 min walking, 1.56 m x s(-1), 5% grade; dry bulb temperature, 37.7 +/- 0.1 degree C; relative humidity, 56.3 -1.5%).


RESULTS
There were no between-group differences (p > 0.05) in plasma, urinary, thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and perceptual variables across time (pre- vs. post-EHT), although some of these variables increased significantly over time (p < 0.05). EHT time was significantly greater in G3 (86 +/- 2.0 min) vs. GO (75 +/- 3.3 min, p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Acute caffeine ingestion, in chronically consuming subjects (3 and 6 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) did not alter fluid-electrolyte, exercise endurance or thermoregulatory responses during EHT when compared with G0.
The University of Connecticut, Human Performance Laboratory and Department of Kinesiology, Storrs, CT, USA. mroti@wsc.ma.edu
Melissa W
MW
Roti
Douglas J
DJ
Casa
Amy C
AC
Pumerantz
Greig
G
Watson
Daniel A
DA
Judelson
Joao C
JC
Dias
Katherine
K
Ruffin
Lawrence E
LE
Armstrong
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects*
D002110:Caffeine