Nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric metabolic syndrome.
OBJECTIVE
To study the relationships between nontraditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome in Native Canadian children, a population at risk of future CV disease.


METHODS
CV risk factors were evaluated in a population-based study of a Canadian Oji-Cree community, involving 236 children aged 10 to 19 years.


RESULTS
Using an age- and sex-specific case definition, 18.6% of the children met criteria for pediatric metabolic syndrome. As the number of metabolic syndrome component criteria increased, C-reactive protein, leptin, and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 levels rose (all P < .0001) and adiponectin concentration decreased (P = .0006). Principal factor analysis using both traditional and nontraditional CV risk factors revealed 5 underlying core traits, defined as follows: adiposity, lipids/adiponectin, inflammation, blood pressure, and glucose.


CONCLUSIONS
Nontraditional CV risk factors accompany the accrual of traditional risk factors early in the progression to pediatric metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, inclusion of these factors in factor analysis suggests that 5 core traits underlie the early development of an enhanced CV risk factor profile in Native children.
Division of Endocrinology, the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Ravi
R
Retnakaran
Bernard
B
Zinman
Philip W
PW
Connelly
Stewart B
SB
Harris
Anthony J G
AJ
Hanley
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001824:Body Constitution; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D052242:Adiponectin; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein