Minocycline or iNOS inhibition block 3-nitrotyrosine increases and blood-brain barrier leakiness in amyloid beta-peptide-injected rat hippocampus.
This work has examined levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT, a marker for peroxynitrite formation) and intactness of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta(1-42))-injected rat hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated 3-NT immunoreactivity in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes were significantly increased at 7 days post-Abeta(1-42) injection. Administration of the broad spectrum anti-inflammatory agent minocycline or the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W markedly reduced 3-NT levels. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that 3-NT was prominently expressed in microglia/macrophages and astrocytes located in proximity to blood vessels. Additionally, Abeta(1-42) injection caused a marked increase in permeability of the BBB to immunoglobulin G (IgG); both minocycline and 1400W were highly effective in decreasing the leakiness of the BBB. Our results suggest the involvement of glial-derived reactive nitrogen species in mediating increased BBB permeability in Abeta(1-42) injected rat hippocampus.
Ryu
Jae K
JK
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
McLarnon
James G
JG
D000578:Amidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects*; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
D000578:Amidines; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001596:Benzylamines; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C104820:N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D008911:Minocycline