Acute ovarian failure in the childhood cancer survivor study.
BACKGROUND
Defined as the loss of ovarian function within 5 yr of diagnosis, acute ovarian failure (AOF) is known to develop in a subset of survivors of pediatric and adolescent cancers. Its precise incidence is unknown, and data concerning its risk factors are limited.


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to determine the incidence of and patient/treatment factors associated with AOF in a large cohort of pediatric cancer survivors.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort, multicenter study.


METHODS
Female participants from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study who were greater than 18 yr of age were considered for inclusion. We excluded survivors who received cranial irradiation at doses of more than 3000 cGy, those with hypothalamic/pituitary tumors, and survivors who underwent bilateral oophorectomy. Survivors who reported never menstruating or who had ceased having menses within 5 yr after their cancer diagnosis were considered to have AOF.


RESULTS
We assessed incidence and risk factors for AOF.


RESULTS
Of a total of 3390 eligible survivors, 215 cases (6.3%) developed AOF. Survivors with AOF were older at diagnosis and more likely to have been diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma or to have received abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy than survivors without AOF. Among survivors with AOF, 116 (54%) had received at least 1000-cGy ovarian irradiation. In a multivariable logistic regression model, increasing doses of ovarian irradiation, exposure to procarbazine, and exposure to cyclophosphamide at ages 13-20 yr were independent risk factors for AOF.


CONCLUSIONS
AOF develops in a small subset of survivors, especially those treated with at least 1000-cGy ovarian radiation. These results will facilitate patient counseling and selection of candidates for newer fertility preservation techniques.
Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Wassim
W
Chemaitilly
Ann C
AC
Mertens
Pauline
P
Mitby
John
J
Whitton
Marilyn
M
Stovall
Yutaka
Y
Yasui
Leslie L
LL
Robison
Charles A
CA
Sklar
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010053:Ovary / Q000528:radiation effects; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011874:Radiometry; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017741:Survivors
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents