RNA aptamers targeting the cell death inhibitor CED-9 induce cell killing in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Bcl-2 family proteins include anti- and proapoptotic factors that play important roles in regulating apoptosis in diverse species. Identification of compounds that can modulate the activities of Bcl-2 family proteins will facilitate development of drugs for treatment of apoptosis-related human diseases. We used an in vitro selection method named systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) to isolate RNA aptamers that bind the Caenorhabditis elegans Bcl-2 homolog CED-9 with high affinity and specificity and tested whether these aptamers modulate programmed cell death in C. elegans. Five CED-9 aptamers were isolated and classified into three groups based on their predicted secondary structures. Biochemical analyses indicated that two of these aptamers, R9-2 and R9-7, and EGL-1, an endogenous CED-9-binding proapoptotic protein, bound to distinct regions of CED-9. However, these two aptamers shared overlapping CED-9 binding sites with CED-4, another CED-9-binding proapoptotic factor. Importantly ectopic expression of these two aptamers in touch receptor neurons induced efficient killing of these neurons largely in a CED-3 caspase-dependent manner. These findings suggest that RNA aptamers can be used to modulate programmed cell death in vivo and can potentially be used to develop drugs to treat human diseases caused by abnormal apoptosis.
Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Chonglin
C
Yang
Nieng
N
Yan
Jay
J
Parish
Xiaochen
X
Wang
Yigong
Y
Shi
Ding
D
Xue
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D052156:SELEX Aptamer Technique
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C089224:Ced-4 protein, C elegans; C087233:Ced-9 protein, C elegans; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2