The protease-activated receptor2 (PAR2)-prostaglandin E2-prostanoid EP receptor axis: a potential bronchoprotective unit in the respiratory tract?
Protease-activated receptor2 (PAR2) is a subtype of G protein-coupled receptor that is widely expressed within the respiratory tract. Stimulation of PAR2 by proteases such as trypsin and tryptase, or by small peptidic activators induces a complex array of effects within the airways. One such PAR2-mediated effect by basal airway epithelial cells is the generation of prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 produces a raft of anti-inflammatory effects within the airways, principally through the activation of the prostanoid EP2 and EP3 receptor subtypes. This article reviews the PAR2-prostaglandin E2-prostanoid EP receptor axis and discusses approaches through which its activation may provide beneficial effects in respiratory disease.
Henry
Peter J
PJ
School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Stirling Highway, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia. phenry@receptor.pharm.uwa.edu.au
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008024:Ligands; C545635:PTGER1 protein, human; C545644:PTGER2 protein, human; C545647:PTGER3 protein, human; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058306:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058308:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype; D015232:Dinoprostone