Intraspinal microstimulation using cylindrical multielectrodes.
A cylindrical multielectrode system specifically designed for intraspinal microstimulation was mechanically and electrically evaluated in the ventral horn of the feline lumbo-sacral spinal cord. Electrode insertions proved to be straight as evaluated from radiographs. Impedances were measured in situ and force recruitment curves from quadriceps muscles were collected over a wide range of stimulus parameters. For a given charge, higher current amplitudes produced greater forces than proportionally longer pulse durations, indicating that charge is not the sole indicator of evoked force in applications utilizing electrical stimulation. Overlap measurements for calculating current-distance constants were collected at a variety of current amplitudes, electrode pair separations, and pair orientations in the spinal grey matter. Forces obtained in the majority of these trials demonstrated an order effect, presumably due to asymmetric neuronal connectivity within the spinal cord. In the cases showing no order effect, the dorso-ventral electrode pair orientation yielded a higher average current-distance constant (278 microA/mm2) than either the medio-lateral or rostro-caudal electrode pair orientations (197 microA/mm2). Specifications of an array of cylindrical multielectrodes for use in future intraspinal microstimulation prostheses were updated.
Snow
Sean
S
Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA. s.snow@m.cc.utah.edu
Horch
Kenneth W
KW
Mushahwar
Vivian K
VK
D000818:Animals; D000870:Anterior Horn Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*