A multisite study to examine the efficacy of the otoacoustic emission/automated auditory brainstem response newborn hearing screening protocol: results of visual reinforcement audiometry.
OBJECTIVE
This 3rd of 4 articles on a study of the efficacy of the 2-stage otoacoustic emission/automated auditory brainstem response (OAE/A-ABR) newborn hearing screening protocol describes (a) the behavioral audiometric protocol used to validate hearing status at 8-12 months of age, (b) the hearing status of the sample, and (c) the success of the visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) protocol across 7 sites.


METHODS
A total of 973 infants who failed OAE but passed A-ABR, in one or both ears, during newborn screening were tested with a VRA protocol, supplemented by tympanometry and OAE screening at age 8-12 months.


RESULTS
VRA audiograms (1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 kHz) were obtained for 1,184 (82.7%) of the 1,432 study ears. Hearing loss was ruled out in another 100 ears by VRA in combination with OAE, for a total of 88.7% of the study sample. Permanent hearing loss was identified in 30 ears of 21 infants. Sites differed in their success with the VRA protocol.


CONCLUSIONS
Continued monitoring of hearing beyond the newborn period is an important component of early detection of hearing loss. Using a structured protocol, VRA is an appropriate test method for most, but not all, infants. A battery of test procedures is often needed to adequately delineate hearing loss in infants. Examiner experience appears to be a factor in successful VRA.
Widen
Judith E
JE
Department of Hearing and Speech, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA. jwiden@kumc.edu
Johnson
Jean L
JL
White
Karl R
KR
Gravel
Judith S
JS
Vohr
Betty R
BR
James
Michele
M
Kennalley
Teresa
T
Maxon
Antonia B
AB
Spivak
Lynn
L
Sullivan-Mahoney
Maureen
M
Weirather
Yusnita
Y
Meyer
Sally
S
D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D001288:Attention; D001299:Audiometry / Q000379:methods*; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods*; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D015995:Prevalence; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology