The clinical observation of difficult laryngoscopy and difficult intubation in infants with cleft lip and palate.
BACKGROUND
The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of difficult laryngoscopy in infants with cleft lip and palate and to observe its relationships with age, sites, and degrees of deformities.


METHODS
A total of 985 infants aged 1 month to 3 years, undergoing repair of cleft lip and palate were included in this study. The infants suffering from unilateral cleft lip, simple cleft palate, and combined bilateral cleft lip and palate were 465, 421, and 79 respectively. They were divided into three groups according to age; 1-6 months group, 6-12 months group and 1-3 years group.


RESULTS
The total incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 4.77%. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was closely related to age, sites and degrees of deformities, and micrognathia. The incidence of difficult laryngoscopy was 7.06% in 1-6 months group, 2.90% in 6-12 months group, and 3.13% in 1-3 years group, and was greatest for infants with combined bilateral cleft lip and palate, less for those with left cleft lip and least for those with right cleft lip and simple cleft palate. The incidences of difficult laryngoscopy in infants with and without micrognathia were 50% and 3.83% respectively. The incidences of moderately difficult, difficult, and failed intubations were 1.02%, 0.91%, and 0.102% respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Infants with cleft lip and palate, left cleft lip and alveolus, combined bilateral cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, and age <6 months were the important risk factors for difficult laryngoscopy. Difficult intubation occurred mainly in infants with laryngoscopic views of grade III and IV.
Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shi-Jing-Shan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
F S
FS
Xue
G H
GH
Zhang
P
P
Li
H T
HT
Sun
C W
CW
Li
K P
KP
Liu
S Y
SY
Tong
X
X
Liao
Y M
YM
Zhang
D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000150:complications