Cytokine GM-CSF genetic adjuvant facilitates prophylactic DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus through enhanced immune responses.
Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) is an attractive adjuvant for a DNA vaccine on account of its ability to recruit antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the site of antigen synthesis as well as its ability to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). This study evaluated the utility of GM-CSF cDNA as a DNA vaccine adjuvant for glycoprotein B (gB) of pseudorabies virus (PrV) in a murine model. The co-injection of GM-CSF DNA enhanced the levels of serum PrV-specific IgG with a 1.5-to 2-fold increase. Moreover, GM-CSF co-injection inhibited the production of IgG2a isotype. However, it enhanced production of an IgG1 isotype resulting in humoral responses biased to the Th2-type against PrV antigen. In contrast, the co-administration of GM-CSF DNA enhanced the T cell-mediated immunity biased to the Th1-type, as judged by the significantly higher level of cytokine IL-2 and IFN-gamma production but not IL-4. When challenged with a lethal dose of PrV, the GM-CSF co-injection enhanced the resistance against a PrV infection. This suggests that co-inoculation with a vector expressing GM-CSF enhanced the protective immunity against a PrV infection. This immunity was caused by the induction of increased humoral and cellular immunity in response to PrV antigen.
Laboratories of Microbiology and College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
Hyun A
HA
Yoon
Abi G
AG
Aleyas
Junu A
JA
George
Seong Ok
SO
Park
Young Woo
YW
Han
John Hwa
JH
Lee
Jeong-Gon
JG
Cho
Seong Kug
SK
Eo
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000276:immunology*; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011557:Pseudorabies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D007376:Interleukin-2; D022421:Pseudorabies Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C070915:glycoprotein gII, pseudorabies virus; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor