Noggin regulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2/7 heterodimer activity in vitro.
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are growth factors important for skeletal development and bone growth. Noggin, one of the soluble BMP antagonists, regulates the action of BMPs on mesenchymal precursor cells, partially through a feedback type of inhibition. In this study, we constructed a novel BMP2/7 'fusion gene' that encodes both BMP2 and BMP7 genes in tandem by a linker. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting showed that the BMP2/7 fusion gene construct led to the production of BMP2/7 heterodimers in A549 'producer' cells. When applied to C2C12 myoblastic cells, BMP2/7 heterodimers increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OCN) expression (markers of osteoblastic differentiation) more effectively than either BMP2 or BMP7 homodimers. Moreover, this heterodimer induced significantly lower levels of Noggin expression in C2C12 cells than respective homodimers at similar doses. The addition of Noggin did not affect the heterodimer's activities in increasing osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells. In contrast, BMP2 and BMP7 homodimers were largely inhibited by Noggin. Our finding suggests that the 'fusion gene' construct led to the production of bioactive BMP2/7 heterodimers, which were not antagonized by Noggin as effectively as it to BMP homodimers. The weaker Noggin antagonism on BMP heterodimers compared to homodimers may contribute to increased osteogenic potency of heterodimers in vitro and in vivo.
Musculoskeletal Integrity Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Wei
W
Zhu
Jaehon
J
Kim
Christina
C
Cheng
Bernard A
BA
Rawlins
Oheneba
O
Boachie-Adjei
Ronald G
RG
Crystal
Chisa
C
Hidaka
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019281:Dimerization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D050939:Gene Fusion; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099176:Noggin Protein
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525819:BMP7 protein, human; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse