Characterization of wax manufactures of historical and artistic interest.
Purpose of this scientific research is the physic and chemical characterization of two historical wax manufactures, made at the end of XIX century by Francesco Bianchi, a papal engraver. The chemical and analytical investigation was necessary to complete and to confirm the restorer's work. The IR Spectroscopy, X-Ray and GC-MS, the best technique to characterise wax, allowed us to obtain the following results. The two manufactures were made with commercial beeswax: in fact, the relative chromatograms showed unchanged peaks about esters of palmitic acid with C24 to C32 alcohol molecules; using standard beeswax we determined the same amount of hydrocarbons present in the wax manufactures. We found several hydrocarbons in these beeswax materials so that it is reasonable to think about successive modifications. ZnO (white zinc), a pigment, was added, probably due to its colour and covering capacity. Sb2S3, Anthimoniun vermilion, a red-orange pigment, was added to these manufactures to give them a soft pink-orange colour. By all used techniques we determined some modifications in the original beeswax; surely they were made to get a more malleable, mouldable, and then more able to be modelled wax.
Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy. luigi.campanella@uniromal.it
Luigi
L
Campanella
Federica
F
Chicco
Marcello
M
Colapietro
Tania
T
Gatta
Emanuela
E
Gregori
Manuela
M
Panfili
Mario Vincenzo
MV
Russo
D001154:Art / Q000266:history*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007558:Italy; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014885:Waxes / Q000032:analysis / Q000266:history*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D014885:Waxes; C038228:beeswax