[Experiences with botulinum toxin injections against spasticity in children].
BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin injection is one of the newer options in the treatment of spasticity. Treatment with botulinum toxin is always combined with physiotherapy and often with casting. We show the extent to which botulinum toxin treatment has been taken into use in our department and discuss advantages and disadvantages of giving botulinum toxin injections at local hospitals.


METHODS
88 children with cerebral palsy aged 14 months to 16 years were treated with botulinum toxin between March 2000 and Dec. 2004. Injections were given in an outpatient setting, usually with the patient sedated with midazolam. Clinical examination after injection included assessment of spasticity and range of movement of joints. Motor function was videotaped. Side effects were continuously supervised.


RESULTS
We performed 278 treatments; during the last year (2004) 7 treatments a month on average. 59 children were injected in lower limbs only, 14 were injected in upper limbs only, and 15 were injected in both upper and lower limbs. No serious side effects were recorded, neither from the botulinum toxin itself nor related to the injection procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
Assessment of indications for the use of botulinum toxin is now part of the medical follow up for children with spastic cerebral palsy. Treatment can safely be given at the paediatrics department in a local hospital. Injection in superficial muscles of the lower limbs is an easy task, while injection in small muscles and deep-seated muscles requires more special skills.
Ramstad
Kjersti
K
Barneavdelingen, seksjon for habilitering, Akershus universitetssykehus, 1474 Nordbyhagen. kjersti.ramstad@rikshospitalet.no
Karstensen
Anne Bergsjø
AB
Risberg
Knut
K
Bergsaker
David Kristian
DK
Sommer
Finn Fredrik
FF
D000293:Adolescent; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins