Adipose tissue and circulating endothelial cell specific molecule-1 in human obesity.
Adipocytes produce the endothelial-cell specific molecule-1 (ESM-1), which inhibits leukocyte adhesion and migration through the endothelium. This study investigates ESM-1 expression and regulation in human adipose tissue. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was obtained from seventy postmenopausal women. Fourteen women subsequently underwent non-pharmacological weight reduction. In vitro experiments were performed on adipocytes isolated from human mammary adipose tissue. We determined gene expression by TaqMan RT-PCR and measured ESM-1 levels in serum and cell culture medium by ELISA. Mature adipocytes produced ESM-1. ESM-1 gene expression was higher in adipocytes than in preadipocytes. Cortisol inhibited ESM-1 gene expression in preadipocytes. Insulin and cortisol inhibited adipocyte ESM-1 production in adipocytes. This inhibitory effect of insulin was attenuated by insulin resistance, as ESM-1 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue was increased in obese, hyperinsulinemic women. In contrast, ESM-1 serum levels were reduced in obese women and inversely correlated to C-reactive protein levels. Five percent weight loss did not markedly change gene expression. Circulating ESM-1 levels increased significantly, albeit modestly. ESM-1 is actively produced by adipocytes. However, since ESM-1 adipocyte gene expression and circulating plasma levels are not correlated, other sources of ESM-1 may be more important. Circulating ESM-1 levels are reduced in the overweight and obese, consistent with the notion that ESM-1 may play some role in obesity-associated vascular disease.
Janke
J
J
Medical Faculty of the Charité, Franz Volhard Clinic, HELIOS Klinikum-Berlin, Germany. janke@fvk.charite-buch.de
Engeli
S
S
Gorzelniak
K
K
Feldpausch
M
M
Heintze
U
U
Böhnke
J
J
Wellner
M
M
Herse
F
F
Lassalle
P
P
Luft
F C
FC
Sharma
A M
AM
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015431:Weight Loss
C101134:ESM1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans