5. Recent advances in sports medicine.
New research has changed our perception and management of common injuries. Magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy of the hip have shown that labral injuries, chondral injuries, rim lesions, synovitis and tears of the ligament teres are common causes of hip, groin and low-back pain. Hip arthroscopy is used both as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool; it has been shown to be of benefit in recent traumatic labral injury, but disappointing in the management of chronic hip pain (which may be associated with degenerative change, and chondral lesions of the acetabulum). The McConnell multimodal physiotherapy regimen is effective in treating patellofemoral pain. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is three to five times more common in women, but neuromuscular training appears to decrease its incidence. Patellar tendon and hamstring grafts appear to be equally effective in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Articular cartilage defects remain a significant problem, and the efficacy of treatments such as autologous chondrocyte implantation is still unclear.
Brukner
Peter D
PD
Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia. p.brukner@unimelb.edu.au
Crossley
Kay M
KM
Morris
Hayden
H
Bartold
Simon J
SJ
Elliott
Bruce
B
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000628:therapy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D025981:Hip Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012106:Research; D012737:Sex Factors; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000639:trends*; D016896:Treatment Outcome