Phenotypic variability among adult siblings with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome.
BACKGROUND
Sjögren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an early childhood-onset disorder with ichthyosis, mental retardation, spastic paraparesis, macular dystrophy, and leukoencephalopathy caused by the deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase due to mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene (the gene that encodes microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase). Cerebral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in those with SLS demonstrates an abnormal white matter peak at 1.3 ppm, consistent with long-chain fatty alcohol accumulation.


OBJECTIVE
To define the clinical course and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic findings of SLS in adults.


METHODS
Case series in a tertiary care center.


METHODS
Six siblings of a consanguineous Arab family with early childhood-onset SLS who carry the 682C-->T mutation in the ALDH3A2 gene were reinvestigated in adulthood.


RESULTS
The 6 affected siblings ranged in age from 16 to 36 years. All exhibited the typical clinical and imaging manifestations of SLS, but their severity markedly varied. Neurological involvement was apparently nonprogressive, and its severity showed no correlation with age. Cerebral proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a lipid peak at 1.3 ppm, with decreasing intensity in the older siblings.


CONCLUSIONS
These observations document significant clinical variability and the nonprogressive neurological course of SLS in adult siblings with the same ALDH3A2 genotype, and demonstrate possible correlation of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic changes with age, suggesting unknown pathogenic mechanisms to compensate for the responsible biochemical defect in this disease.
Department of Neurology, Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. alos@hadassah.org.il
Alexander
A
Lossos
Moona
M
Khoury
William B
WB
Rizzo
John M
JM
Gomori
Eyal
E
Banin
Abraham
A
Zlotogorski
Saleh
S
Jaber
Oded
O
Abramsky
Zohar
Z
Argov
Hanna
H
Rosenmann
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003241:Consanguinity; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D035781:Siblings; D016111:Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*
D000445:Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; C038828:long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase