Phylogenetic analysis of Brazilian HIV type 1 subtype D strains: tracing the origin of this subtype in Brazil.
HIV-1 Subtype D occurs mainly in East and Central African countries, especially Uganda, where the prevalence of HIV-1 infection is among the highest in the world. We present the phylogenetic analysis of one nonautochthonous and four autochthonous (including a near full-length genome) Brazilian HIV-1 subtype D strains identified in Rio de Janeiro State, where subtypes B, F1, and BF1 recombinants predominate. Phylogenetic inferences using maximum likelihood were applied on a near-full length genome and on concatenated gag, protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase, C2V3/env, gp41, and nef segments. Sequences from an Angolan immigrant showed close genetic similarity with a strain described in Finland, from an HIV patient of African origin, whereas all four autochthonous Brazilian sequences clustered with South African strains, where subtype D occurs only in isolated cases. Our results suggest the successful introduction and circulation in Brazil of closely related HIV-1 subtype D strains, possibly of South African origin.
Laboratório de AIDS & Imunologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia-ioc, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Pavilhão Leônidas Deane, 413-415 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21.045-900 Brazil. coutofer@ioc.fiocruz.br
José Carlos
JC
Couto-Fernandez
Walter A
WA
Eyer-Silva
Monick L
ML
Guimarães
Saada L
SL
Chequer-Fernandez
Beatriz
B
Grinsztejn
Eric
E
Delaporte
Martine
M
Peeters
Mariza G
MG
Morgado
D001938:Brazil; D015754:Genes, nef; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny
D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D019426:Integrases; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease