Pulmonary hypertension in obstructive sleep apnoea: effects of continuous positive airway pressure: a randomized, controlled cross-over study.
OBJECTIVE
We tested the hypothesis that: (i) obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) by itself originates pulmonary hypertension (PH); and (ii) the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can reduce pulmonary pressure.


RESULTS
In this randomized and cross-over trial, 23 middle-aged OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index, 44.1 +/- 29.3 h(-1)) and otherwise healthy patients and 10 control subjects were included. OSA patients randomly received either sham or effective CPAP for 12 weeks. Echocardiographic parameters, blood pressure recordings, and urinary catecholamine levels were obtained at baseline and after both treatment modalities. At baseline, OSA patients had higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure than control subjects (29.8 +/- 8.8 vs. 23.4 +/- 4.1 mmHg, respectively, P = 0.036). Ten out of 23 patients [43%, (95% CI: 23-64%)] and none of the control subjects had PH at baseline (P = 0.012). Two patients were removed from the study because of inadequate CPAP compliance. Effective CPAP induced a significant reduction in the values for pulmonary systolic pressure (from 28.9 +/- 8.6 to 24.0 +/- 5.8 mmHg, P < 0.0001). The reduction was greatest in patients with either PH or left ventricular diastolic dysfunction at baseline.


CONCLUSIONS
Severe OSA is independently associated with PH in direct relationship with disease severity and presence of diastolic dysfunction. Application of CPAP reduces pulmonary systolic pressure levels.
Arias
Miguel A
MA
Servicios de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
García-Río
Francisco
F
Alonso-Fernández
Alberto
A
Martínez
Isabel
I
Villamor
José
J
D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology