Primary progressive freezing gait: a syndrome with many causes.
Primary progressive freezing gait (PPFG) is characterized by early gait freezing and a stereotyped progression. Of nine patients followed up for 6 to 16 years, two were diagnosed pathologically: pallidonigroluysian degeneration (PNLD) and diffuse Lewy body disease. Four others evolved clinically into progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. PPFG is not a distinct disorder but a syndrome with diverse causes. Long-term follow-up (> or =10 years) and postmortem are required for accurate diagnosis. PNLD may be the primary form of disease.
Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sfactor@emory.edu
Stewart A
SA
Factor
Donald S
DS
Higgins
Jiang
J
Qian
D000368:Aged; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020961:Lewy Body Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D013378:Substantia Nigra; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology