Predictors of conviction and sentencing of DWI offenders in a New Mexico County.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze predictors of conviction and dismissal of individuals charged with DWI, and predictors of the sentences of those who are convicted.


METHODS
Data come from the Citation Tracking System of the State of New Mexico's Motor Vehicle Division and includes information on all individuals who were arrested for DWI in San Juan County between August 1994 and December 2000. Independent variables were: age, gender, race/ethnicity, waiver of right to an attorney, court of arraignment, year of arrest, BAC, and number of prior DWI arrests. Dependent variables were: (1) conviction or dismissal, (2) jail or no jail, (3) incarceration/treatment or not, (4) fine or no fine, (5) length of jail sentence, (6) waived right of attorney, and (7) magnitude of fine. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used in the analyses.


RESULTS
Use of an attorney is associated with reduced likelihood of conviction and, if convicted, in reduced likelihood of jail sentence and reduced jail time, but greater likelihood and magnitude of a fine. Native Americans were more likely than Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites to waive their right to an attorney. Native Americans were most likely to be sentenced to the detention/treatment program. BAC and number of prior arrests were each positively associated with increased likelihood of conviction and more severe sentences. There is also substantial variability in severity of sentencing among courts.


CONCLUSIONS
Likelihood of conviction and severity of sentences are both determined by extra-legal factors, resulting in inconsistent application of the law. This may in turn contribute to a lack of compliance with laws related to DWI.
Kunitz
Stephen J
SJ
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA.
Zhao
Hongwei
H
Wheeler
Denise R
DR
Woodall
W Gill
WG
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003415:Crime / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement / Q000379:methods*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009516:New Mexico; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011678:Punishment; D012737:Sex Factors