Sorting of Pmel17 to melanosomes through the plasma membrane by AP1 and AP2: evidence for the polarized nature of melanocytes.
Adaptor proteins (AP) play important roles in the sorting of proteins from the trans-Golgi network, but how they function in the sorting of various melanosome-specific proteins such as Pmel17, an essential structural component of melanosomes, in melanocytes is unknown. We characterized the processing and trafficking of Pmel17 via adaptor protein complexes within melanocytic cells. Proteomics analysis detected Pmel17, AP1 and AP2, but not AP3 or AP4 in early melanosomes. Real-time PCR, immunolabeling and tissue in-situ hybridization confirmed the coexpression of AP1 isoforms mu1A and mu1B (expressed only in polarized cells) in melanocytes and keratinocytes, but expression of mu1B is missing in some melanoma cell lines. Transfection with AP1 isoforms (mu1A or mu1B) showed two distinct distribution patterns that involved Pmel17, and only mu1B was able to restore the sorting of Pmel17 to the plasma membrane in cells lacking mu1B expression. Finally, we established that expression of mu1B is regulated physiologically in melanocytes by UV radiation or DKK1. These results show that Pmel17 is sorted to melanosomes by various intracellular routes, directly or indirectly through the plasma membrane, and the presence of basolateral elements in melanocytes suggests their polarized nature.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Julio C
JC
Valencia
Hidenori
H
Watabe
An
A
Chi
Francois
F
Rouzaud
Kevin G
KG
Chen
Wilfred D
WD
Vieira
Kaoruko
K
Takahashi
Yuji
Y
Yamaguchi
Werner
W
Berens
Kunio
K
Nagashima
Jeffrey
J
Shabanowitz
Donald F
DF
Hunt
Ettore
E
Appella
Vincent J
VJ
Hearing
D033961:Adaptor Protein Complex 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity; D006801:Humans; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen
D033961:Adaptor Protein Complex 1; D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C548637:PMEL protein, human; D021122:Protein Subunits; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen