Identification of pectenotoxin-11 as 34S-hydroxypectenotoxin-2, a new pectenotoxin analogue in the toxic dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta from New Zealand.
A new pectenotoxin, which has been named pectenotoxin-11 (PTX11), was isolated from the dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuta collected from the west coast of New Zealand. The structure of PTX11 was determined as 34S-hydroxypectenotoxin-2 by tandem mass spectrometry and UV and NMR spectroscopy. PTX11 appears to be only the third pectenotoxin identified as a natural biosynthetic product from algae after pectenotoxin-2 and pectenotoxin-12. The LD50 of PTX11 determined by mouse intraperitoneal injection was 244 microg/kg. The LD(min) of PTX11 in these experiments was 250 microg/kg. No signs of toxicity were recorded in mice following an oral dose of PTX11 at 5000 microg/kg. No diarrhea was observed in any of the animals administered with the test substance by either route of administration. Unlike pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), PTX11 was not readily hydrolyzed to its corresponding seco acid by enzymes from homogenized green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) hepatopancreas.
Suzuki
Toshiyuki
T
Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada.
Walter
John A
JA
LeBlanc
Patricia
P
MacKinnon
Shawna
S
Miles
Christopher O
CO
Wilkins
Alistair L
AL
Munday
Rex
R
Beuzenberg
Veronica
V
MacKenzie
A Lincoln
AL
Jensen
Dwayne J
DJ
Cooney
Janine M
JM
Quilliam
Michael A
MA
D000818:Animals; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D018942:Macrolides; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009520:New Zealand; D011714:Pyrans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013997:Time Factors; D000095702:Polyether Toxins
D005663:Furans; D018942:Macrolides; D008387:Marine Toxins; D011714:Pyrans; C098380:pectenotoxin 2; D000095702:Polyether Toxins