Friction of a slider on a granular layer: nonmonotonic thickness dependence and effect of boundary conditions.
We investigate the effective friction encountered by a mass sliding on a granular layer as a function of bed thickness and boundary roughness conditions. The observed friction has minima for a small number of layers before it increases and saturates to a value that depends on the roughness of the sliding surface. We use an index-matched interstitial liquid to probe the internal motion of the grains with fluorescence imaging in a regime where the liquid has no significant effect on the measured friction. The shear profiles obtained as a function of depth show a decrease in slip near the sliding surface as the layer thickness is increased. We propose that the friction depends on the degree of grain confinement relative to the sliding surfaces.
Siavoshi
Saloome
S
Department of Physics, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
Orpe
Ashish V
AV
Kudrolli
Arshad
A