title: Asthenopia in schoolchildren, orthoptic and ophthalmological findings and treatment.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the orthoptic and ophthalmological findings in schoolchildren with asthenopia, to correlate them with asthenopic symptoms and to evaluate the effect of treatment. One hundred and twenty schoolchildren, aged 6-16 years, were included in the study. They were all referred by school nurses, for asthenopic symptoms. An orthoptic and ophthalmological assessment was performed. The main diagnoses were accommodative insufficiency, convergence insufficiency, refractive errors, and latent strabismus. Reading glasses could help 98% of the schoolchildren with reduced accommodation, and 94% of the children with refractive errors and heterophorias were helped with appropriate spherical, cylindrical and prism correction. Convergence exercise reduced the symptoms in all patients with convergence insufficiency. Ninety-three percent of all 120 schoolchildren were symptom free 3-6 month after treatment had started. By an orthoptic and ophthalmological examination abnormalities in schoolchildren with asthenopia related to visual problems can be identified. Most of the children were relieved from their symptoms by giving adequate glasses, convergence exercises and surgery.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik's Eye Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. saber.abdi@ste.ki.se
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rydberg
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity