title: A single nucleotide polymorphism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor is related to inflammatory response in coronary bypass surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac surgery causes induction and release of inflammatory mediators that may be regulated by genetic background. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory mediator that is known to be up-regulated in patients undergoing cardiac operations. Here we analyzed genotype distribution and allele frequency of the MIF-173*G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and MIF plasma levels in patients undergoing surgical revascularization with (on-pump, n=45) and without (off-pump, n=34) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping was performed using a real-time PCR-based system with a hybridization probe system specific for the MIF-173*G/C SNP. In on-pump patients, blood samples were drawn before start of CPB, after termination of CPB and 12h postoperatively. In off-pump patients, blood samples were collected before stabilizer placement, after removal of the stabilizer and 12h postoperatively. MIF levels were measured using ELISA technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotype distribution and allele frequencies were comparable between on-pump and off-pump patients. When comparing patients according to MIF genotype, a significant increase of MIF plasma levels after completed coronary bypass grafting using CPB was found in patients heterozygous for the MIF-173*G/C SNP (p<0.05). Moreover, on-pump patients showed significantly decreased MIF plasma levels after 12h postoperatively (p<0.05). In off-pump patients, MIF plasma levels were not significantly different over the time-course and were independent of the genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients carrying the C-allele showed significantly increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine MIF compared to G/G homozygous when revascularization was carried out using CPB. The G/C genotype may be associated with a severe inflammatory reaction and therefore preoperative screening could be beneficial for patients undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesie und operative Intensivmedizin der Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. Lutz.Lehmann@ukb-bonn.de
authors.forename: Lutz E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dewald
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Book
authors.forename: Stefan U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Jens-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schewe
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stüber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors