title: Neonatal hearing screening: modelling cost and effectiveness of hospital- and community-based screening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with congenital hearing impairment benefit from early detection and management of their hearing loss. These and related considerations led to the recommendation of universal newborn hearing screening. In 2001 the first phase of a national Newborn Hearing Screening Programme (NHSP) was implemented in England. Objective of this study was to assess costs and effectiveness for hospital and community-based newborn hearing screening systems in England based on data from this first phase with regard to the effects of alterations to parameter values.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical effectiveness analysis using a Markov Model.
  
  
  METHODS
  quality weighted detected child months (QCM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both hospital and community programmes yielded 794 QCM at the age of 6 months with total costs of 3,690,000 pound sterling per 100,000 screened children in hospital and 3,340,000 pound sterling in community. Simulated costs would be lower in hospital in 48% of the trials. Any statistically significant difference between hospital and community in prevalence, test sensitivity, test specificity and costs would result in significant differences in cost-effectiveness between hospital and community.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This modelling exercise informs decision makers by a quantitative projection of available data and the explicit and transparent statements about assumptions and the degree of uncertainty. Further evaluation of the cost-effectiveness should focus on the potential differences in test parameters and prevalence in these two settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Munich, Germany. eva.grill@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uus
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hessel
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Rod S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wasem
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bamford
mesh_terms: D003153:Community Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014852:Wales