title: A mutation in the hair matrix and cuticle keratin KRTHB5 gene causes ectodermal dysplasia of hair and nail type.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ectodermal dysplasias are developmental disorders affecting tissues of ectodermal origin. To date, four different types of ectodermal dysplasia involving only hair and nails have been described. In an effort to understand the molecular bases of this form of ectodermal dysplasia, large Pakistani consanguineous kindred with multiple affected individuals has been ascertained from a remote region in Pakistan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the gene underlying the phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsatellite markers were genotyped in candidate regions and two point and multipoint parametric linkage analysis carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disease locus was mapped to a 16.6 centimorgan region on chromosome 12q12-q14.1 (Zmax = 8.2), which harbours six type II hair keratin genes. DNA sequence analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation in the hair matrix and cuticle keratin KRTHB5, leading to histidine substitution of a conserved arginine residue (R78H) located in the head domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report provides the first direct evidence relating to the molecular pathogenesis of pure hair-nail ectodermal dysplasias.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeem
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wajid
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004476:Ectodermal Dysplasia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006201:Hair Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000235:genetics*; D053564:Keratins, Hair-Specific; D053531:Keratins, Type II; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009260:Nail Diseases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C507604:KRT85 protein, human; D053564:Keratins, Hair-Specific; D053531:Keratins, Type II; D007633:Keratins; D001120:Arginine