title: IL-10 genotype predicts serum levels of adhesion molecules, inflammation and atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodialysis (HD) patients suffer from inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis that accounts for a large number of premature deaths. The anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 gene is polymorphic and potential direct effects of IL-10 gene polymorphisms on the circulating serum levels of adhesion molecules, inflammation and atherosclerosis in HD patients still have to be elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, circulating serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin (E-selectin), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), serum albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in 121 HD patients (70 male and 51 female, with mean age 49 +/- 18 yrs). Carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) was evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. Patients were genotyped for the polymorphic base at position -1082 of the IL-10 promoter sequence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating serum levels of all three adhesion molecules were higher in patients with -1082/AA genotype (p = 0.001). Higher serum albumin levels together with lower CRP levels were observed in patients with -1082/GG genotype (p < 0.05). Prevalence of atherosclerosis was higher in patients with -1082/AA genotype compared to heterozygous and -1082/GG genotype (41, 34 and 26%, respectively, p = 0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IL-10 gene polymorphism has an effect on inflammatory process and atherosclerosis in HD patients. Endothelial protective functions of IL-10 can modulate the circulating serum levels of adhesion molecules. Therefore, IL-10 gene polymorphism could lead to high or low inflammatory process and consequently, to atherosclerosis. IL-10 genotyping can define a high-risk group for atherosclerosis among HD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. drseekan@hacettepe.edu.tr
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.forename: Rahmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arici
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Unai
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yasavul
authors.forename: Cetin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turgan
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016753:Interleukin-10; D004247:DNA