Echocardiographic characterization of the cardiovascular phenotype in rodent models.
Echocardiographic techniques are commonly utilized to describe the rodent cardiovascular phenotype. These approaches are contrasted with other in vivo methods and are positioned in the assay selection process by a review of studies from our laboratory and others. Although not conventionally considered a biomarker, the technique has the potential to be exploited as a marker of intentional or unanticipated toxic biological effects in the preclinical development of drugs and chemicals.
Hoit
Brian D
BD
Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. bdh6@po.cwru.edu
D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity