title: Gene profiling of polycystic kidneys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the genetic basis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has been clearly established, the pathogenesis of renal failure in ADPKD remains elusive. Cyst formation originates from proliferating renal tubular epithelial cells that de-differentiate. Fluid secretion with cyst expansion and reactive changes in the extracellular matrix composition combined with increased apoptosis and proliferation rates have been implicated in cystogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify genes that characterize pathogenical changes in ADPKD, we compared the expression profiles of 12 ADPKD kidneys, 13 kidneys with chronic transplant nephropathy and 16 normal kidneys using a 7 k cDNA microarray. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques were used to confirm the microarray data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical clustering revealed that the gene expression profiles of normal, ADPKD and rejected kidneys were clearly distinct. A total of 87 genes were specifically regulated in ADPKD; 26 of these 87 genes were typical for smooth muscle, suggesting epithelial-to-myofibroblast transition (EMT) as a pathogenetic factor in ADPKD. Immunohistology revealed that smooth muscle actin, a typical marker for myofibroblast transition, and caldesmon were mainly expressed in the interstitium of ADPKD kidneys. In contrast, up-regulated keratin 19 and fibulin-1 were confined to cystic epithelia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the end stage of ADPKD is associated with increased markers of EMT, suggesting that EMT contributes to the progressive loss of renal function in ADPKD.
authors.affiliation: Renal Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Ruhr-University Hospital Bochum at Marienhospital Herne, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schieren
authors.forename: Brigitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rumberger
authors.forename: Marinella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kreutz
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilpert
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faller
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Timmer
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Quack
authors.forename: Lars Christian
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rump
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donauer
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary