title: Monitoring the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy programmes: methods to estimate coverage.
abstract: This paper reviews the data sources and methods used to estimate the number of people on, and coverage of, antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in low- and middle-income countries and to monitor the progress towards the "3 by 5" target set by WHO and UNAIDS. We include a review of the data sources used to estimate the coverage of ART programmes as well as the efforts made to avoid double counting and over-reporting. The methods used to estimate the number of people in need of ART are described and expanded with estimates of treatment needs for children, both for ART and for cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. An estimated 6.5 million people were in need of treatment in low- and middle-income countries by the end of 2004, including 660,000 children under age 15 years. The mid-2005 estimate of 970,000 people receiving ART in low- and middle-income countries (with an uncertainty range 840,000-1,100,000) corresponds to a coverage of 15% of people in need of treatment.
authors.affiliation: The World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. boermat@who.int
authors.forename: J Ties
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Boerma
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stanecki
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Newell
authors.forename: Chewe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beusenberg
authors.forename: Geoff P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Garnett
authors.forename: Kirsty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Jesus Garcia
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Calleja
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Jim Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaniewski
authors.forename: Neff
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stover
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ghys
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D015397:Program Evaluation; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014480:United Nations; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination