title: Effects of temporal lobe epilepsy on retrograde memory.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a previous investigation (Lah et al., 2004), we found deficits in retrograde memory in patients who had undergone temporal lobectomy (TL). In this study, we set out to determine whether such deficits are present before surgery in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Memory for public and autobiographic facts and events was assessed in patients with focal left-sided (n=15) or right-sided (n=14) TLE and healthy control subjects (n=15). The impact of epilepsy and underlying cognitive deficits on retrograde memory also was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with left TLE demonstrated retrograde memory deficits across domains. Patients with right TLE showed defective recall only in the autobiographic domain. Young age at onset (younger than 14 years) was associated with greater difficulties in recall of famous events, and patients receiving polytherapy had significantly reduced recall of autobiographic events compared with those receiving monotherapy. In most cases, deficient memory for the past was associated with impairments in other cognitive skills, especially language abilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In unoperated-on patients with TLE, we found deficits in retrograde memory that were similar to those seen after TL, with the pattern of deficits being influenced by side of lesion, anticonvulsant medication, and word-finding deficits. Unlike patients tested after right TL, patients with right TLE did not have difficulty recalling details of famous events, which raises the possibility that right TL results in a decline in this aspect of retrograde memory.
authors.affiliation: Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. sunnyl@psych.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Suncica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lah
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grayson
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000648:Amnesia, Retrograde / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D038481:Anterior Temporal Lobectomy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery