title: Predicting the performance of accommodating intraocular lenses using ray tracing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To predict and compare the amount of accommodation achievable by pseudophakic accommodating intraocular lenses (IOLs) using optical ray-tracing analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computational laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-element IOLs (2E-IOL, with mobile front or back optical elements) were compared with single-element IOLs (1E-IOL). Modeling using computer-assisted ray tracing of both IOL types assumed lens elements were equiconvex/equiconcave. The 4 possible combinations of configurations representing a wide range of varying positive and negative power (up to +40 diopters [D]) of front and back optical elements were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1E-IOLs offered limited amplitude of accommodation with axial shift (approximately 1.2 D/mm). For 2E-IOLs, configurations with high positive-power front elements returned the best amplitude of accommodation (up to approximately 3.0 D/mm when the front element power was +40 D).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the maximum potential amounts of axial shifts available, 1E-IOLs were predicted to provide 1.0 D of accommodation or less and 2E-IOLs were predicted to provide up to 3.0 D to 4.0 D depending on design configuration and amount of axial shift achievable. Potential issues relating to accommodative aniseikonia and spherical aberration have been identified.
authors.affiliation: Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia. a.ho@visioncrc.org
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.lastname: Therese
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parel
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008954:Models, Biological; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology*