title: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a marker of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with the development of left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to determine whether peripheral levels of MMPs can be used as a risk marker for the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) after acute MI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) were measured in 109 consecutive patients with acute MI treated with primary mechanical reperfusion. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular wall motion index was performed during admission. Patients were followed for the development of CHF. Left ventricular function and volumes were determined after 2 years with radionuclide ventriculography. During 2-year follow-up, 15 patients developed congestive heart failure (CHF). Using multivariate analysis, MMP-9 levels were the only circulating factor predictive of late onset CHF. Patients who had high MMP-9 levels had a significant risk of late onset CHF (OR of 6.5, P < or = .006) and left ventricular remodeling (DeltaEF = -9%, P = .03, and Deltaend-diastolic volume = +13 mL, P = .03). MMP-2, TNF-alpha, hs-CRP, creatine kinase, and pro-BNP were not predictive of late onset CHF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-9 levels may hold prognostic significance in MI patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delagardelle
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ernens
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rouy
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaillant
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beissel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9