title: Characterization of patterns of expression of protein kinase C-alpha, -delta, -eta, -gamma and -zeta and their correlations to p53, galectin-3, the retinoic acid receptor-beta and the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in human cholesteatomas.
abstract: Cholesteatoma is a benign disease characterized by the presence of an unrestrained growth and the accumulation of keratin in the middle ear cavity. Due to roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family could be involved in disease progression. This study focuses on the expression of protein kinase C-alpha, -delta, -eta, -gamma and -zeta in the epithelial tissues of 56 human cholesteatomas and their correlations with those of previously characterized distributions of p53, galectin-3, retinoic acid receptor-beta (RARbeta) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). We have previously reported this marker set to be correlated with keratinocyte differentiation in human cholesteatomas. Our present data clearly show that the percentage of PKC-alpha (but not PKC-delta, -gamma, -eta and -zeta)-immunopositive cells in epithelial tissue fro recurrent cholesteatomas was significantly higher than in non-recurrent cases. Correlations between the PKC isoenzymes and the biological markers were non-uniform. PKC-alpha (but not PKC-delta, -gamma, -eta and -zeta) expression in epithelial cholesteatoma cells correlated significantly and positively with the percentages of p53-immunopositive cells. The patterns of PKC-alpha and -delta expression, but not of PKC-gamma, -eta and -zeta, correlated significantly and positively with galectin-3 expression. In addition, the correlation levels between the expression of PKC-alpha and -delta and that of galectin-3 varied depending on the infection and recurrence status. Presence of RARbeta correlated significantly (and positively) with the expression of PKC-gamma and -zeta and also in relation to the infection and recurrence status. MIF correlated presence significantly (and positively) with that of the five PKCs under study, depending on whether the cholesteatomas were non-infected or infected as well as non-recurrent or recurrent. In conclusion, the present study suggests that modifications occurring at the level of keratinocyte differentiation in human cholesteatomas involve distinct effectors, to which the activation of PKC-alpha, -delta, -eta, -gamma and -zeta can be added.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus University Hospital, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium. rosemaryam_ghanooni@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghanooni
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Decaestecker
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gabius
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassid
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Choufani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018424:Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D012008:Recurrence; D049230:Retinoid X Receptor beta / Q000032:analysis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D037502:Galectin 3; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D049230:Retinoid X Receptor beta; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D011493:Protein Kinase C