title: A retrospective study of the midterm outcome of two-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadrupled semitendinosus tendon in comparison with one-bundle reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to retrospectively compare the outcome of the first series of a 2-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique using quadrupled semitendinosus tendon with that of a 1-bundle reconstruction technique from 1992 through 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 1-bundle group consisted of 56 patients with a follow-up period of 24 months or more (average, 46.5 months). The 2-bundle group consisted of 79 patients with a follow-up period of 24 months or more (average, 40.8 months). Manual knee laxity tests, anterior stability with KT-1000 (manual maximum), and knee extension and flexion strength by Cybex were evaluated using an average and standard deviation, and data were categorized according to the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) classification. The Lysholm scale and the subjective recovery scale were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically greater number of patients in the 1-bundle group were positive (+ or ++) based on the Lachman test (34% in the 1-bundle group and 13% in the 2-bundle group). The average KT-1000 anterior laxity of 2.7 +/- 2.3 mm in the 1-bundle group was statistically greater than the 1.9 +/- 1.9 mm in the 2-bundle group, with a statistical power between 70% and 80%. The total Lysholm knee scale score was 93 points in both groups, and the subjective recovery score was equivalent, 82% in the 1-bundle group and 86% in the 2-bundle group, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no statistical difference based on the IKDC, Lysholm, and subjective analysis. However, there was a statistical difference in the Lachman test, anterior drawer test, and KT-1000 measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. muneta.orj@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muneta
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morito
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagishita
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sekiya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000637:transplantation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery / Q000637:transplantation; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome