title: Does propofol or caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevent lung injury after hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion in ventilated rats?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the effects of propofol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on prevention of lung injury as a remote organ after performing hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were divided randomly into one of four groups: sham, no IR (n = 8), control, IR, (n = 8), CAPE group, IR with CAPE, (n = 8), propofol group, IR with P, (n = 8). After the rats were anaesthetised, the animals in the CAPE group received CAPE of 10 micromol, in the propofol group received propofol 50 mg/kg, in the control group received a similar volume of saline solution by means of intraperitoneal injection 1 h before reperfusion. After 4 h of ischaemia the tourniquet was removed and the animals were released for reperfusion for 4 h thereafter. At the end of the reperfusion period, a median sternotomy was performed. A blood sample was obtained for plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). The lung tissues were also removed for MDA assays, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma and lung MDA levels, and lung MPO activity were significantly higher in the control group compared to the other groups (p < 0.0005). In the CAPE group, these were significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.0005). Also, propofol caused a marked reduction in the MDA levels and MPO activity compared with control group (p < 0.0005), with no significant difference compared to that of the sham group. Histopathologically, the scores resulted in a grade zero (8/8) in the sham group, 3 (3/8) or 4 (5/8) in the control group, 1 (2/8) or 2 (6/8) in the CAPE group, and 1 (3/8) or 2 (5/8) in the propofol group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol and CAPE seem to be effective in protecting against lung injury caused by increased oxidative stress and neutrophil accumulation after hindlimb IR in a rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Turkey. ahmetmelike@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akyol
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamoğlu
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cay
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yuluğ
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alver
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ertürk
authors.forename: Müge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koşucu
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beşir
authors.forename: Abdurrezak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akyol
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D015742:Propofol