title: Craniofacial bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Repair and reconstruction of the craniofacial skeleton represents a significant biomedical burden, with thousands of procedures per-formed annually secondary to injuries and congenital malformations. Given the multitude of current approaches, the need for more effective strategies to repair these bone deficits is apparent. This article explores two major modalities for craniofacial bone tissue engineering: distraction osteogenesis and cellular based therapies. Current understanding of the guiding principles for each of these modalities is elaborated on along with the knowledge gained from clinical and investigative studies. By laying this foundation, future directions for craniofacial distraction and cell-based bone engineering have emerged with great promise for the advancement of clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, 257 Campus Drive West, Stanford, CA 94305-5148, USA.
authors.forename: Derrick C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Randall P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Nacamuli
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Longaker
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012886:Skull / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes