title: Detection of altrenogest and its metabolites in post administration horse urine using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry--increased sensitivity by chemical derivatisation of the glucuronic acid conjugate.
abstract: Altrenogest (17alpha-allyl-17beta-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one) is a steroid used for the control of estrus in horses. This drug can potentially be abused in racehorses as the occurrence of estrus can alter their performance. This work describes an analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of altrenogest in horse urine down to a concentration of 13 pg/mL (0.042 nM). Furthermore, the qualitative aspect of metabolism of altrenogest in the horse has been studied. The main transformations that were found for this species were conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfate. These phase II metabolites were identified by molecular mass and by comparison of their collision-induced dissociation product ion spectra with that of the synthetic aglycone at positive and negative potential, respectively. No phase I metabolites were discovered. In order to increase the ionisation in positive electrospray, a derivatisation procedure forming a basic oxime was tested. This process significantly increased the detection sensitivity for altrenogest glucuronide in horse urine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, P.O. Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lampinen-Salomonsson
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bondesson
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedeland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006736:Horses; D008970:Molecular Weight; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: C023445:altrenogest; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D014204:Trenbolone Acetate