title: Wooden objects from Ohalo II (23,000 cal BP), Jordan Valley, Israel.
abstract: Eight wooden objects were found at Ohalo II, a submerged and well-preserved site in the Sea of Galilee, Israel. The fisher-hunter-gatherers' site has been radiometrically dated to 22,500-23,500 (cal BP) with 45 assays read by four laboratories. The wooden objects were found on brush-hut floors. They include a bark plank with polish and use signs, pencil-shaped specimens with longitudinal shavings, and other types that may have been decorative or symbolic. One incised wooden object is identical in size and incision pattern to a gazelle bone implement found in a grave, behind a human skull. The recovered wooden objects are not directly related to hunting, gathering, or fishing, and frustratingly, there are no remains of bows, arrows, spears, handles, or other such items. Nonetheless, the objects present a wide repertoire in terms of size, shape, and possible function. The new finds add to the growing body of evidence concerning the use of perishable materials during the Upper Paleolithic.
authors.affiliation: Zinman Institute of Archaeology, The University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. dnadel@research.haifa.ac.il
authors.forename: Dani
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nadel
authors.forename: Udi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boaretto
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Werker
mesh_terms: D001106:Archaeology; D004777:Environment; D005580:Fossils; D049690:History, Ancient; D006798:Housing / Q000266:history; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D024301:Plant Bark; D032363:Tamaricaceae / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014934:Wood / Q000266:history*