title: Improved septal contraction and coronary flow velocity after cardiac resynchronization therapy elucidated by strain imaging and pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with various atrioventricular conduction delay settings were investigated on cardiac hemodynamic changes involved in coronary flow velocity using color and pulsed wave Doppler modalities and myocardial regional contractility using a novel echocardiographic technique (strain imaging).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with advanced heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%) and left bundle branch block(QRS > or = 140 msec) were treated with CRT. Color and pulsed wave Doppler imaging were performed from the apical four-chamber view to examine the cardiac functions such as stroke volume, cardiac output, mitral regurgitant volume and coronary flow velocity. Strain imaging was performed to quantify the asynchrony of both intraventricular and interventricular time delay between the septum and left ventricular free wall (posterior wall) and to assess the regional contractile function. Wall motion was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraventricular and interventricular asynchrony were improved from 173 +/- 18 to 60 +/- 6 msec, and 69 +/- 25 to 12 +/- 3 msec, respectively. Stroke volume (55.2 +/- 6.2 to 76.8 +/- 10.8 ml; 39% up), cardiac output (3.9 +/- 0.3 to 5.4 +/- 0.5 I/min; 38% up) and coronary flow velocity (24 +/- 3 to 36 +/- 5 cm/sec; 50% up) were greatly increased and mitral regurgitant volume (59.7 +/- 18.0 to 38.9 +/- 11.3 ml; 35% down)was clearly decreased. Septal wall shortening was greatly increased from 10.2 +/- 2.3% to 17.0 +/- 1.8% and septal wall motion (radial thickening)was also improved simultaneously. Atrioventricular interval settings influenced all above parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRT improved the cardiac hemodynamics involved in coronary flow significantly due to both resynchronization of inter and intra asynchrony, and improvement of the regional myocardial contraction in patients with severe congestive heart failure and complete left bundle branch block.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Hatanodai 1-5-8, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kayano
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamata
authors.forename: Fumito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toshida
authors.forename: Norikazu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Shyhaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kou
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanno
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katagiri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000628:therapy; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D013318:Stroke Volume