title: Is positive flow cytometric cross-match a risk factor for early cadaveric kidney graft dysfunction?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The final decision about transplantation is based primarily on a negative result of a complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-match. The significance of a positive flow cytometric cross-match (FCXM) is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2002 to October 2004, FCXM was performed prior to cadaveric kidney transplantation in 63 patients aged 1.5 to 26 years (mean 13 +/- 5). Immunosuppression (not adjusted to results of FCXM) was considered standard (prednisone + mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine + cyclosporine or rapamycin) in 57%, or "enhanced" (+ monoclonal antibodies and/or tacrolimus) in 43% of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoglobulin IgG and/or IgM antibodies against T and/or B cells were found in 14/63 patients (22.2%). The distribution of immunosuppressive regimens was similar for FCXM(+) and FCXM(-) patients. Deteriorated graft function (creatinine > or =1.5 mg/dL) or demand for dialysis was observed in 6/14 (42.9%) FCXM(+) group versus 6/49 (12.2%) in the FCXM(-) group. During the first month after kidney transplantation biopsy-proven rejection episodes occurred more frequently among the FCXM(+) than the FCXM(-) group: 21.4% versus 4.1%, respectively. During the first 3 months after transplantation two of four kidneys in the FCXM(+) group (14.3%) demonstrated histological evidence of rejection plus one case of immunological cause of graft failure later found to be associated with an extremely high panel-reactive antibodies that were absent before transplantation (altogether 21.4%). Only one kidney (2.0%) was lost due to rejection among the FCXM(-) group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive flow cytometric cross-match should be considered an important risk factor for early kidney graft dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland. b.piatosa@czd.pl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piatosa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grenda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents