title: Function of the ovaries in female kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the effects of an improved general health state after successful kidney transplantation in women of reproductive age is recurrence of regular menstrual function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three ovarian cycles in female kidney transplant recipient, aged from 18 to 44 years, at 1.5 to 15 years after transplantation, were compared with 50 cycles of healthy women. We monitored the menstrual cycle duration as well as follicle stimulation hormone (FSH), leutinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, creatinine, and testosterone serum concentrations as well as hematocrit and obtained sonographic observations of ovarian follicle growth and ovulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the recipients, 68.1% had regular menstrual cycles. Ovulatory cycles were observed in 45% of patients. Estradiol concentration established in the first phase of the cycle was significantly higher among the transplanted group (mean value 226.86 +/- 97.45 pg/mL vs 140.00 +/- 61.00 in the controls). A significantly lower level of progesterone (15.05 +/- 17.34 ng/mL vs 30.79 +/- 18.48 ng/mL in the controls) and of testosterone were observed in kidney recipients. Other hormonal parameters did not differ significantly between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar serum FSH, LH, and prolactin concentrations as well as increased levels of estrogens were observed in kidney transplant recipients compared with healthy nonrecipients. The rate of ovulatory cycles in regularly menstruated kidney graft recipients was similar to that of healthy women. Stabilization of graft function resulted in restoration of normal ovarian hormone metabolism and ovulatory cycles in female kidney transplanted recipients.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warsaw Medical University, Pl. Starynkiewicza 1/3, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cyganek
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jabiry-Zieniewicz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bobrowska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durlik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paczek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kamiński
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D006728:Hormones; D013739:Testosterone; D003404:Creatinine