title: Survival studies after endoscopic transgastric oophorectomy and tubectomy in a porcine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in endoscopic equipment have enabled endoluminal techniques to supplant select surgical procedures. Access to extraluminal structures holds the potential to revolutionize flexible endoscopy but, to date, has been limited. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of endoscopic transgastric organ resection (oophorectomy and tubectomy) with 2-week survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Yorkshire pigs underwent general anesthesia, and a sterile esophageal overtube was placed. Antibacterial gastric lavage was performed, and a sterile gastroscope was passed through the overtube. Subsequently, a transgastric incision was made with a needle knife. The endoscope then was advanced into the peritoneal cavity, and the ovaries and the fallopian tubes were identified. An endoloop was used to secure the ovary, the fallopian tube, and the mesosalpinx. Snare cautery oophorectomy and tubectomy was performed, and the specimen was retrieved through the gastrotomy. The incision was closed with endoclips, and 2-week survival studies were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The peritoneal cavity was accessed in all animals (n = 6) without significant complications. The ovaries and the fallopian tubes were easily identified, and unilateral oophorectomy and tubectomy were successfully performed. Postoperative 2-week survival was uneventful in all animals. At necropsy, the gastric incision was seen as a well-healed scar with giant-cell reaction. There was histologic evidence of chronic inflammation at the resection site, without abscess, hematoma, adhesion, or damage to surrounding viscera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic transgastric oophorectomy and tubectomy with 2-week survival is feasible with meticulous closure of the gastrotomy. This novel technique may extend the applications of flexible endoscopy to include aspects of abdominal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Mihir S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wagh
authors.forename: Benjamin F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Merrifield
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D023421:Models, Animal; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013552:Swine