title: Penile carcinoma in patients with genital lichen sclerosus: a multicenter survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this observational descriptive study we reviewed the histology and the clinical records of 130 patients with LS involving the male genitalia to determine the presence of premalignant or malignant lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 130 male patients (from 1991 to 2001) with genital LS were treated at our centers. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 42.5 years. In all patients with a clinical diagnosis of LS, the histology was reexamined to look for evidence of LS, applying strict histological criteria. All cases of histologically proven epithelial malignancy, namely SCC, VC and EQ, were reviewed to confirm the presence of neoplastic changes and ascertain the degree of SCC differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 130 men 11 (8.4%) with genital LS showed premalignant or malignant histopathological features including 7 (64%) with SCC, 2 (18%) with VC, 1 (9%) with EQ and 1 (9%) with SCC associated with VC. In 6 of 11 patients (55%) the histological study showed the presence of epithelial dysplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival of patients with penile carcinoma depends on early diagnosis and treatment, and all patients with genital LS should be observed closely to detect the development of neoplastic or preneoplastic lesions as early as possible.
authors.affiliation: Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbagli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palminteri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guazzoni
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzeri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D018289:Carcinoma, Verrucous / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions; D012189:Retrospective Studies