title: Dendritic cells modified to express fractalkine/CX3CL1 in the treatment of preexisting tumors.
abstract: Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique membrane-bound CX3C chemokine that serves as a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes. The hypothesis of this study is that dendritic cells (DC) genetically modified ex vivo to overexpress fractalkine would enhance the T cell-mediated cellular immune response with a consequent induction of anti-tumor immunity to suppress tumor growth. To prove this hypothesis, established tumors of different mouse cancer cells (B16-F10 melanoma, H-2b, and Colon-26 colon adenocarcinoma, H-2d) were treated with intratumoral injection of bone marrow-derived DC that had been modified in vitro with an RGD fiber-mutant adenovirus vector expressing mouse fractalkine (Ad-FKN). In both tumor models tested, treatment of tumor-bearing mice with Ad-FKN-transduced DC gave rise to a significant suppression of tumor growth along with survival advantages in the treated mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors treated with direct injection of Ad-FKN-transduced DC demonstrated that the treatment prompted CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells to accumulate in the tumor milieu, leading to activation of immune-relevant processes. Consistent with the finding, the intratumoral administration of Ad-FKN-transduced DC evoked tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which ensued from in vivo priming of Th1 immune responses in the treated host. In addition, the anti-tumor effect provided by intratumoral injection of Ad-FKN-transduced DC was completely abrogated in CD4+ T cell-deficient mice as well as in CD8+ T cell-deficient mice. These results support the concept that genetic modification of DC with a recombinant fractalkine adenovirus vector may be a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Mio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nukiwa
authors.forename: Sita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andarini
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaini
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanehira
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nukiwa
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; C515539:Cx3cl1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins