title: Multiple Wnts and frizzled receptors regulate anteriorly directed cell and growth cone migrations in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: A set of conserved molecules guides axons along the metazoan dorsal-ventral axis. Recently, Wnt glycoproteins have been shown to guide axons along the anterior-posterior (A/P) axis of the mammalian spinal cord. Here, we show that, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, multiple Wnts and Frizzled receptors regulate the anterior migrations of neurons and growth cones. Three Wnts are expressed in the tail, and at least one of these, EGL-20, functions as a repellent. We show that the MIG-1 Frizzled receptor acts in the neurons and growth cones to promote their migrations and provide genetic evidence that the Frizzleds MIG-1 and MOM-5 mediate the repulsive effects of EGL-20. While these receptors mediate the effects of EGL-20, we find that the Frizzled receptor LIN-17 can antagonize MIG-1 signaling. Our results indicate that Wnts play a key role in A/P guidance in C. elegans and employ distinct mechanisms to regulate different migrations.
authors.affiliation: Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Chun-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: James Endres
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Scott G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hilliard
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cordes
authors.forename: Cornelia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Bargmann
authors.forename: Gian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garriga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C117259:Egl-20 protein, C elegans; D051157:Frizzled Receptors; D006023:Glycoproteins; C554442:Mig-1 protein, C elegans; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051153:Wnt Proteins