title: The immunostimulating effect of bacterial genomic DNA on the innate immune responses of bivalve mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii Lea.
abstract: The genomic DNA of Escherichia coli, which contains the unmethylated CpG motif, was used to evaluate the immunostimulating effect of bacterial DNA on innate immune responses in the bivalve mussel Hyriopsis cumingii Lea. The results showed that the E. coli DNA had no significant effect on the production of superoxide anion (O(2-)) or acid phosphatase (AP) by haemocytes in vitro. However, the bactericidal activity of the haemocytes was significantly increased when the cells were incubated with 50 or 100mug/ml bacterial DNA for 12 and 24h. Antibacterial activity, lysozyme activity, and prophenoloxidase (proPO) production of haemolymph were also increased, when the bivalve molluscs were injected with 50 or 100mug/ml of bacterial DNA for 12 and 24h. These activities returned to the control level after 48h. This work showed the bacterial DNA with unmethylated CpG motif could activate some parameters of the immune system of bivalve molluscs in vivo and in vitro.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xu-Tao
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000201:enzymology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000032:analysis; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D049876:Unionidae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013481:Superoxides; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D009113:Muramidase; C022616:thiazolyl blue