title: Cardiac efficiency and oxygen consumption measured with 11C-acetate PET after long-term cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a treatment option in patients with severe heart failure and left bundle-branch block (LBBB). This study evaluated the effects of 4 and 13 mo of CRT on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and cardiac efficiency as compared with mild heart failure patients without LBBB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with severe heart failure and LBBB due to idiopathic cardiomyopathy were studied at baseline and after 4 and after 13 mo of therapy. Thirteen patients with mild heart failure without LBBB served as a comparison group. The clearance rate (k2) of 11C-acetate was measured with PET to assess MVO2. Stroke volume was derived from the dynamic PET data according to the Stewart-Hamilton principle and, furthermore, cardiac efficiency using the work metabolic index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 4 mo of CRT, stroke volume index (SVI) increased by 50% (P = 0.012) and cardiac efficiency increased by 41% (P < 0.001). Global k2 remained unchanged but regional k2 demonstrated a more homogeneous distribution pattern. The parameters showed no significant changes during therapy. Under CRT, cardiac efficiency, SVI, and the distribution pattern of regional k2 did not differ from mild heart failure patients without LBBB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRT improves cardiac efficiency for at least 13 mo, as demonstrated by a higher SVI, whereas MVO2 remains unchanged. Cardiac efficiency, SVI, and the MVO2 distribution pattern reach the level of patients with mild heart failure without LBBB. The unfavorable hemodynamic performance in heart failure with LBBB is effectively restored by long-term CRT to the level of an earlier disease state.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. olindner@hdz-nrw.de
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sörensen
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fricke
authors.forename: Detlev
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baller
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horstkotte
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burchert
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002244:Carbon; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D020127:Recovery of Function; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C438206:carbon-11 acetate; D002244:Carbon