title: Effect of oxygen on in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
abstract: The monolayer culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryoid body (EB) formation were carried out under various oxygen tensions (i.e., 5% O2, 20% O2, and 40% O2). The ES cells cultured in 5% O2 and 20% O2 exhibited decreased specific alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity with culture time, whereas the ES cells cultured in 40% O2 retained their specific AP activity until culture day 3. The ES cells in 40% O2 maintained an octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4; a marker of pluripotent undifferentiated ES cells) gene expression level higher than that at other oxygen tensions. The EB formed in 40% O2 maintained an Oct-4 gene expression level higher than that at other oxygen tensions. The generation of cardiomyocytes and the decline in Oct-4 gene expression level were earliest in the EB formed in 20% O2. It was suggested that the culture condition under a high oxygen tension (40% O2) retards the differentiation of ES cells and a normal oxygen tension (20% O2) allows spontaneous cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine and Engineering Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan. kurohiro@yamanashi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Tomozumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494174:Pou5f1 protein, mouse; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010100:Oxygen