title: Phase II, parallel-design study of preoperative combined modality therapy and the matrix metalloprotease (mmp) inhibitor prinomastat in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized phase II, parallel-design study evaluated preoperative combined modality therapy and the matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor prinomastat in patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the esophagus that were stage II or greater. The objectives of the trial were to determine pathologic complete response rate (pCR), overall response rate, progression-free survival, pattern of disease relapse, and two-year and overall survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative staging included computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasound, and, when feasible, laparoscopy. Eligible patients were randomized to preoperative prinomastat or placebo, plus continuous infusion 5-FU, cisplatin, paclitaxel, and concurrent radiotherapy. Esophagectomy was performed on day 71. Adjuvant paclitaxel and prinomastat were available to all study patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between August 2000 and June 2001, 15 of a planned 78 patients were randomized into the trial. One patient after randomization withdrew consent. Fourteen patients, 7 in each arm, completed preoperative treatment and surgery. pCR was achieved in 5 patients; 1/ 7 prinomastat and 4/ 7 placebo. Disease improvement was achieved in 7 patients; 5 /7 prinomastat and 2 /7 placebo. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 7 patients (2 prinomastat, 5 placebo) are alive with no evidence of disease. The primary prinomastat related toxicity was moderate to severe musculoskeletal toxicity interfering with daily function. This toxicity was managed with treatment rest, dose reduction, or discontinuation. Five patients (3 prinomastat and 2 placebo) had life-threatening thrombo-embolic events, which led to early evaluation of safety and efficacy, and subsequent termination of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All patients, regardless of treatment arm, were able to successfully undergo neoadjuvant combined modality therapy and esophagectomy. However, early closure of the study due to unexpected thrombo-embolic events precluded any conclusions regarding clinical activity of prinomastat in locally advanced esophageal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. heathe@karmanos.org
authors.forename: Elisabeth I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Burtness
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kleinberg
authors.forename: Ronald R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Heitmiller
authors.forename: Marcia I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Canto
authors.forename: Jonathan P S
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Knisely
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Topazian
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsottles
authors.forename: Yazdi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pithavala
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rohmiller
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Arlene A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Forastiere
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; C113282:prinomastat