title: The status of ultrasonography training and use in general surgery residency programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective use of ultrasonography (US) by surgeons was demonstrated a decade ago. Major surgical organizations now require its incorporation into surgical training and practice. But little information about the teaching of US to surgical residents exists. This study assesses the current status of US training in general surgery residency programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was mailed to the directors of 255 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited general surgery residency programs. It questioned whether and how US was taught, who performed the examinations, and the types of US performed. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests comparing university versus community programs and training and practice in trauma US versus training in other US modalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 51% (130 of 255). Ninety-six percent of the programs responding taught US, with no differences between university- and community-based training programs in presence of training. Focused Assessment for the Sonography of Trauma (FAST) instruction was done by 79% (hands-on) and 68% (didactic) of programs that responded. Abdominal, laparoscopic, breast, endocrine, and vascular US were each taught less frequently (22% to 55%). Program directors at university programs reported that their attending surgeons performed FAST and abdominal US more often than their community counterparts (71% and 31% versus 47% and 14%). Program directors reported that university trainees performed laparoscopic, endocrine, and vascular US more often than community surgery residents (47%, 17%, 35% versus 29%, 3%, 19%). Program directors reported that surgery attendings or residents performed trauma and laparoscopic US more often than their radiology counterparts, and radiology attendings or residents performed more abdominal, breast, endocrine, and vascular US.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of general surgery residency programs whose directors responded to this survey are teaching US, but most of the training is in FAST. There is no difference in the reported presence of overall US training between university and community programs. But university programs report that their surgeons or residents performed more US in all areas (other than breast) than their community counterparts reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Marilee L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Spiros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Frangos
authors.forename: Heidi L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging