title: The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and renal function in men: a cross-sectional and 5-year longitudinal analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the association between LUTS and renal function in men in a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men participating in health investigation in Vienna entered this study. In the cross-sectional analysis a consecutive series of men were studied and in the longitudinal analysis men were reevaluated after 5 years. LUTS were assessed by I-PSS and renal function was evaluated by GFR, as calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2.469 men with a mean age of 47.1 years (range 30 to 80) entered the cross-sectional study and 439 with a mean age of 51.7 years (range 45 to 79) could be assessed in longitudinal analysis. In the cross-sectional study there was no association between the degree of LUTS and GFR during 5 life decades (p = 0.55). An identical pattern was observed for irritative and obstructive scores. In the longitudinal cohort mean GFR +/- SD decreased from 84.3 +/- 20.2 ml per minute at baseline to 79.2 +/- 18.7 ml per minute after 5 years (-6.0%, p <0.0001). The mean decrease in GFR after 5 years was 4.5 ml per minute (-5.4%) in men without/mild LUTS (I-PSS 7 or less at ages 55.4 +/- 11.0 years), 3.9 ml per minute (-4.9%) in those with moderate LUTS (I-PSS 8 to 20 at ages 61.3 +/- 11.6 years) and 4.2 ml per minute (-5.2%) in those with severe LUTS (I-PSS greater than 20 at ages 64.3 +/- 7.4 years). On linear regression analysis in the 2 study cohorts neither I-PSS, nor obstructive or irritative score affected GFR (p >0.05). The only determinants for GFR less than 90 ml per minute were age (p <0.0001) and hypertension (p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LUTS do not represent an independent risk factor for impaired renal function in men.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Andrology, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ponholzer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Temml
authors.forename: Rudolf Paul
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Obermayr
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauchenwald
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madersbacher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology