title: Measles virus hemagglutinin protein expressed in transgenic lettuce induces neutralising antibodies in mice following mucosal vaccination.
abstract: Plant-made oral vaccines have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional vaccines. Here we report on progress towards a lettuce-made measles vaccine. Lettuce is a palatable species which exhibits rapid growth in contained hydroponic systems and produces negligible quantities of toxins. Measles virus hemagglutinin (MV-H) protein was successfully expressed in transgenic lettuce and found to be immunogenic in mice. Lettuce extracts containing MV-H protein induced MV neutralising antibodies following intraperitoneal injection and intranasal inoculation of mice. Using a sequential prime-boost strategy in which mice were vaccinated with MV-H DNA followed by an orally delivered freeze-dried MV-H lettuce formulation a 10-fold increased in MV-specific IgG titers was observed relative to mice vaccinated with control lettuce formulations (p=0.05). MV-H protein was stable in freeze-dried lettuce for up to 13 months at room temperature, and survived at least a week at temperatures as high as 50 degrees C. This research represents a significant step towards the development of measles vaccine formulation that is effective, temperature-stable, easy to administer in a resource-poor setting and amenable to large scale manufacture.
authors.affiliation: The Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, GPO Box 2284, Melbourne, and School of Biological Sciences, Department of Immunology, Monash University, Vic., Australia. diane@burnet.edu.au
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pickering
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Strugnell
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Dry
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wesselingh
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D018545:Lactuca / Q000235:genetics*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic