title: Detection and genotyping of SHV beta-lactamase variants by mass spectrometry after base-specific cleavage of in vitro-generated RNA transcripts.
abstract: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) after base-specific cleavage of PCR-amplified and in vitro-transcribed bla(SHV) genes was used for the identification and genotyping of SHV beta-lactamases. For evaluation, bla(SHV) stretches of 21 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates were PCR amplified using T7 promoter-tagged forward and reverse primers, respectively. In vitro transcripts were generated with T7 RNA and DNA polymerase in the presence of modified analogues replacing either CTP or UTP. Using RNase A, the in vitro transcripts were base-specifically cleaved at every "T" or "C" position. Resulting cleavage products were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS, generating a characteristic signal pattern based on the fragment masses. All 21 individual SHV genes were identified unambiguously using reference sequences, and the results were in perfect concordance with those obtained by fluorescent dideoxy sequencing, which represents the current standard method. As multiple point mutations can be detected in a single assay and newly emerged mutations which are not yet described in public databases can be identified too, MALDI-TOF MS appears to be an ideal tool for analysis of sequence polymorphisms in resistance-associated gene loci.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. stuerenburg@ladr.de
authors.forename: Enno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stürenburg
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sobottka
authors.forename: Matthias A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Horstkotte
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scherpe
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aepfelbacher
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017354:Point Mutation; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D001618:beta-Lactamases