title: Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our current aims were to investigate whether 1) baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) predicted cardiovascular outcomes, 2) changes in UACR differed between treatments, 3) benefits of losartan were related to its influence on UACR, and 4) reduction in albuminuria reduced cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1,063 patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy, UACR was measured for a mean of 4.7 years. The primary composite end point included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Cox models were run including and excluding baseline and time-varying UACR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing baseline albuminuria related to increased risk for cardiovascular events. Reductions in UACR at years 1 and 2 were approximately 33% for losartan vs. 15% for atenolol (P < 0.001). Benefits of losartan seem to be most prominent in patients with the highest level of baseline UACR, although treatment by albuminuria interaction was only significant for total mortality. Approximately one-fifth of the superiority of losartan was explained by the greater reduction of albuminuria. Risk of the primary end point was related to the in-treatment UACR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lowering of albuminuria in patients with hypertension and diabetes appears to be beneficial and should be the subject of additional study in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department M, Glostrup Hospital, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark. haib@glostruphosp.kbhamt.dk
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ibsen
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wachtell
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borch-Johnsen
authors.forename: Lars H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlöf
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Snapinn
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Paulette A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lyle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012306:Risk; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001262:Atenolol; D003404:Creatinine; D019808:Losartan