[The causes of urinary bladder cancer and possibilities of prevention].
Bladder cancer is a malignant disease with exogenous and thus avoidable causative factors. Cigarette smoking is by far the most relevant risk factor and a clear dose-response relationship has been documented. That the bladder cancer risk decreases only a few years after the cessation of smoking is noteworthy. Occupational exposure, particularly to aromatic amines such as benzidine and beta-naphthylamine and to certain azo dyes, represents another important risk factor. At high risk are workers involved in the production of these chemicals and, to a lesser extent, those processing them. The currently known environmental factors seem to play a minor role. Treatment-induced risks causing secondary bladder cancer also have to be considered. Currently, the prevention of bladder cancer mainly involves avoiding exposure to known causative factors and early detection of the disease in high risk populations.
Golka
K
K
Institut für Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universität Dortmund, Ardeystrasse 67, 44139 Dortmund. golka@arb-phys.uni-dortmund.de
Rettenmeier
A W
AW
Goebell
P J
PJ
D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000528:radiation effects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects
D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003520:Cyclophosphamide