title: Urinary isoflavonoids as a dietary compliance measure among premenopausal women.
abstract: Clinical trials investigating the effects of soy food intake require high compliance with a dietary protocol. Measuring soy isoflavonoids in bodily fluids is the most objective method currently available in determining compliance to a soy diet. In the present study, we investigated how frequently the urinary isoflavonoid excretion rate (UIER) should be analyzed to provide a reasonably accurate measurement of dietary compliance without being a burden on the participants. Nineteen premenopausal women who were on a daily soy diet protocol collected first-morning urine samples over one menstrual cycle. Spearman rank order correlation coefficients (r) between the UIERs of total isoflavonoids for a single day, for a week, and for all weeks combined with the monthly UIER were high for all samples (single day: r = 0.89; Week 1: r = 0.89; Week 2:r = 0.85; Week 3: r = 0.75; all weeks combined UIER: r = 0.94) and remained high after stratification by ethnicity, body mass index, and equol-excretor status. According to these results, the analysis of UIERs from a single or weekly first-morning sample provides a highly accurate and more feasible method of determining dietary compliance among women with regular soy consumption than that from urine samples collected every morning during one month.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA. adrian@crch.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Gertraud
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maskarinec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000652:urine*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017697:Premenopause / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D045730:Soy Foods; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007529:Isoflavones