title: Modulation of bradykinin signaling by EP24.15 and EP24.16 in cultured trigeminal ganglia.
abstract: Metalloendopeptidases expressed in neural tissue are characterized in terms of their neuropeptide substrates. One such neuropeptide, bradykinin (BK), is an important inflammatory mediator that activates the type-2 BK receptor (B2R) on the terminal endings of specialized pain-sensing neurons known as nociceptors. Among several metalloendopeptidases that metabolize and inactivate BK, EP24.15 and EP24.16 are known to associate with the plasma membrane in several immortalized cell lines. Potentially, the colocalization of EP24.15/16 and B2R at plasma membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts in a physiologically relevant nociceptive system would allow for discrete, peptidase regulation of BK signaling. Western blot analysis of crude subcellular fractions and lipid raft preparations of cultured rat trigeminal ganglia demonstrate similar expression profiles between EP24.15/16 and B2R on a subcellular level. Furthermore, the treatment of primary cultures of trigeminal ganglia with inhibitors of EP24.15/16 led to the potentiation of several bradykinin-induced events that occur downstream of B2R activation. EP24.15/16 inhibition by N-[1(R,S)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-AlalTyr-p-aminobenzoate (cFP) resulted in a 1000-fold increase in B2R sensitivity to BK as measured by inositol phosphate accumulation. In addition, cFP treatment resulted in a 31.1+/-5.0% potentiation of the ability of BK to inhibit protein kinase B (Akt) activity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EP24.15/16 modulate intracellular, peptidergic signaling cascades through B2R in a physiologically relevant nociceptive system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, UTHSCSA, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Nathaniel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Jeske
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Joanne C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.forename: Emer S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glucksman
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism*; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C022510:thimet oligopeptidase; C062316:neurolysin; D001920:Bradykinin