title: Regulation of PrPC expression: nerve growth factor (NGF) activates the prion gene promoter through the MEK1 pathway in PC12 cells.
abstract: A high expression of PrP(C) in cells is one factor that increases the risk of conversion to the misfolded, disease-associated form (PrP(Sc)) characteristic of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Thus, developing a method to control the level of PrP(C) expression in cells could be one way to delay or prevent the onset of clinical signs of these diseases. In this study the mechanisms controlling the expression of the Prnp gene in PC12 cells and in rat brain were examined. We observed a slight activation of a cloned fragment of the human PRNP gene promoter using the luciferase reporter system in PC12 cells stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF). The activating effect of NGF was enhanced by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK1) and suppressed by myristylated serine/threonine kinase (myrAKT). These results suggest that MEK1 is a positive activator of the PRNP promoter that inhibits the AKT pathway. Independent experiments suggested that high expression of PrP(C) in the brain depends on the rate of translation and/or the efficiency of PrP(C) stabilization. We also investigated the epigenic status of the Prnp promoter. We observed no increase of PrP(C) or Prnp mRNA levels in PC12 cells after treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent. The Prnp promoter did not display methylation either in NGF-treated and untreated PC12 cells, or in the rat brain. These results improve the understanding of the regulation of the Prnp gene promoter, a DNA regulatory element controlling the expression of PrP(C), a protein involved in several neurological diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 8/10 Czechoslowacka str., 92-216 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zawlik
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witusik
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hulas-Bigoszewska
authors.forename: Sylwester
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piaskowski
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szybka
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Golanska
authors.forename: Pawel P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liberski
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rieske
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D011328:Prions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011328:Prions; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1