title: Supernatant of Bifidobacterium breve induces dendritic cell maturation, activation, and survival through a Toll-like receptor 2 pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Commensal gut bacteria are essential for the development and maintenance of the gut's immune system. Some bacteria strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species, have been reported to provide protection from allergic and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the interactions between these commensal bacteria and the immune system are largely unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied the effects of a supernatant from the culture of B breve C50 (BbC50) on the maturation, activation, and survival of human dendritic cells (DCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  DCs were differentiated from human monocytes with IL-4 and GM-CSF for 5 days and cultured with BbC50 supernatant (BbC50SN) or LPS for 2 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BbC50SN induced DC maturation, with increase in CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR expression. We also showed, for the first time, that BbC50SN prolonged DC survival, with high IL-10 and low IL-12 production compared with that seen in LPS-DCs. Moreover, BbC50SN inhibited the effects of LPS on DCs, both in terms of IL-12 production and in terms of survival. The prolonged DC survival was independent of IL-10 production and nuclear factor kappaB pathway but was associated with an upregulation of Bcl-xL and Phospho-Bad. Finally, BbC50SN induced activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-transfected cells in contrast to TLR4-, TLR7-, and TLR9-transfected cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The supernatant of B breve C50 can induce DC maturation and prolonged DC survival through TLR2, with high IL-10 production. These properties might correspond to a regulatory DC profile, which could limit the excessive TH1 response and control the excessive TH2 polarization observed in atopic newborns.
authors.affiliation: Université François-Rabelais de Tours, JE2448 Cellules Dendritiques & Greffes, France.
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoarau
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lagaraine
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Velge-Roussel
authors.forename: Yvon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lebranchu
mesh_terms: D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D016753:Interleukin-10