title: Hormonal regulation of expression of growth differentiation factor-9 receptor type I and II genes in the bovine ovarian follicle.
abstract: Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial factors in follicular growth and development. GDF-9 and BMPs initiate signaling by assembling type I (ALK-3, ALK-5 and ALK-6) and type II (BMPRII) receptors. However, the mechanism regulating the expression of these receptors in the process of bovine follicle development is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of receptor systems for GDF-9 and BMPs in follicular selection by examining the effects of FSH and estradiol-17beta (E2) on the regulation of BMPRII, ALK-3, ALK-5 and ALK-6 mRNA expression in bovine granulosa cells (GCs). To observe mRNA expression during follicular development, follicles were obtained from heifers and classified into two groups: pre-selection follicles (PRFs) (an average of 7.7 mm follicles with low E2) and post-selection follicles (POFs) (an average of 15 mm follicles with high E2). Theca layer cells (TCs) and GCs were harvested from aspirated follicles. For in vitro studies, GCs were obtained from bovine follicles of 4-7 mm diameter and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's/F12 (DMEM/F-12) medium with 10% fetal calf serum for 24 h. The medium was then replaced with serum-free DMEM/F-12 supplemented with different doses of E2 (1, 10, 100 ng/ml) or FSH (1, 5, 10 ng/ml) or combinations of 1 ng/ml of E2 with different FSH doses. Total RNA was extracted and the mRNA expression of BMPRII, ALK-3, ALK-5 and ALK-6 was estimated by the quantitative real-time PCR method using a LightCycler. BMPRII and ALK-5 expression was significantly higher in the GCs of POFs than in those of PRFs, whereas ALK-3 expression was significantly lower in the GCs of POFs than in those of PRFs. There was no difference in ALK-6 expression in GCs between PRFs and POFs. The expression of BMPRII, ALK-5, ALK-3 and ALK-6 genes in the TCs was not significantly different between PRFs and POFs. Treatment of GCs with E2 alone increased BMPRII mRNA expression at a concentration of 100 ng/ml and ALK-5 mRNA expression at 10 ng/ml. BMPRII and ALK-5 mRNA levels were up-regulated by the combination of E2 (1 ng/ml) and FSH (5 ng/ml). On the other hand, FSH alone down-regulated the expression of BMPRII and ALK-5 in GCs. The results of the present study provide the first evidence that FSH and E2 regulate the expression of BMPRII and ALK-5 genes in bovine GCs. Thus, our data suggest that the GDF-9/BMPRII/ALK-5 system may be critically involved in the process of selection of bovine follicles.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Inada-Machi, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Barana C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jayawardana
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimoto
authors.forename: Etsushi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tetsuka
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005498:Follicular Phase; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C525902:Bmp15 protein, mouse; D055430:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15; C525898:Gdf9 protein, mouse; D055429:Growth Differentiation Factor 9; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; C498212:Bmpr1a protein, mouse; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; D052006:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type II; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625842:Tgfbr1 protein, mouse