title: Endoscopic subureteral urocol injection for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of Urocol injection for the endoscopic treatment of VUR in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 208 children (62 boys and 146 girls, mean age 4.78 years) with 346 refluxing ureters underwent subureteral injection of Urocol between January 2000 and February 2002. VCUG was performed at 6 months, and ultrasound was performed at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Followup VCUG showed no evidence of reflux in 240 ureters (69%), significant decrease in reflux grade in 62 (18%) and no change in 44 (13%). Ultrasound revealed no obstruction or hydronephrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that subureteral injection of Urocol was effective for the treatment of VUR. We conclude that Urocol represents a new, safe, simple, less expensive and repeatable technique in treating VUR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tajik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite