title: Spatial variability of litter gaseous flux within a commercial broiler house: ammonia, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane.
abstract: Twenty-eight flocks were grown on litter in a tunnel-ventilated, curtain-sided commercial broiler house prior to this summer flock. Grid measurements were made using a photo-acoustic multigas analyzer to assess the spatial variability of litter gases (NH3, N2O, CO2, and CH4) on d 1 and 21. The pooled results for the brood and non-brood areas of the house were 1) NH3 flux was greatest in the brood area at d 1, averaging 497 mg/(m2 x h), and had a mean of 370 mg/(m2 x h) in the vacant end of the house; 2) at d 21, the non-brood area had the greater average NH3 flux, 310 mg/(m2 x h), and flux in the brood area was 136 mg/(m2 x h); 3) N2O and CH4 fluxes were <60 mg/(m2 x h); and 4) on d 1, brood CO2 flux was 6,190 mg/(m2 x h) compared with 5,490 mg/ (m2 x h) at the opposite end of the house. On d 21, these values increased to 6,540 and 9,684 mg/(m2 x h) for the brood and non-brood areas. Ammonia flux seemed most affected by litter temperature. Carbon dioxide and CH4 increased from placement to mid growout, corresponding to increased moisture, especially near the fans. Contour plots were developed using geostatistical software to visually assess the spatial disparity among the measurements. This research provides a unique view of gas flux variation within the house. Collinear factors such as house management, bird size and age, and amount of deposition are significant factors for litter gas flux and should be considered in comprehensive models for emission estimates.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, Mississippi State 39762, USA. dmmiles@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D002645:Chickens; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D008372:Manure; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane