title: Raf1, Aurora-A/STK15 and E-cadherin biomarkers expression in patients with pTa/pT1 urothelial bladder carcinoma; a retrospective TMA study of 246 patients with long-term follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to evaluate Raf1, Aurora-A/STK15 and E-cadherin (E-CD) protein expression and their prognostic value in patients with pTa/pT1 tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tissue microarray of 105 pTa, and 141 pT1 tumours was constructed and sections were immunostained with these three antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant associations between Raf1 overexpression and tumour grade (p = 0.03), between Aurora-A overexpression/alterations of E-CD and tumour grade and stage (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). In multiple Cox regression analysis, moderate/strong expression of E-CD seemed to be an independent factor in predicting slower tumour progression (p = 0.003) and Aurora-A overexpression (p = 0.022) displays an independent value in predicting tumour recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of E-CD and Aurora-A expressions in tissue of patients with pTa/pT1 UC have been proven to be useful in predicting tumours behavior and Raf1 protein expression seemed to have no potential use in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Street, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA. pmhawech1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mhawech-Fauceglia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Cheney
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; C576917:AURKA protein, human; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D064127:Aurora Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf