title: Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface.
abstract: Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, CO2, and amorphous and crystalline water ice, particularly in the region dubbed the "tiger stripes." An upper limit of 5 precipitable nanometers is derived for CO in the atmospheric column above Enceladus, and 2% for NH3 in global surface deposits. Upper limits of 140 kelvin (for a filled pixel) are derived for the temperatures in the tiger stripes.
authors.affiliation: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Roger N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Buratti
authors.forename: Dale P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Cruikshank
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Rachel M E
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mastrapa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momary
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baines
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellucci
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capaccioni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cerroni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Combes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coradini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drossart
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Formisano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaumann
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Matson
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: McCord
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sicardy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sotin
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D001272:Atmosphere; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment / Q000737:chemistry*; D007053:Ice / Q000032:analysis*; D046448:Ice Cover; D018539:Saturn; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia