title: Evaluation of five dental silanes on bonding a luting cement onto silica-coated titanium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Five commercial dental silanes were evaluated in vitro as adhesion promoters bonding a luting cement to silica-coated titanium surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium slides (n=20) were cleaned with alumina sand and then silica-coated with a special sand consisting of alumina particles coated with silica. The bonding of a resin composite cement (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) to silica-coated and silanized titanium was evaluated by using the dental silane (RelyX Ceramic Primer) that belongs to the RelyX ARC cementing kit, and comparing it to four other dental silanes (Bisco Porcelain Primer, Cimara, ESPE Sil, and Pulpdent Silane Bond Enhancer). The resin composite cement stubs (n=8) were light-polymerized onto a silanized silica-coated titanium surface. The shear bond strength of the cement stubs was measured after dry storage and thermo-cycling 6000 times between 5 and 55 degrees C. The silanes and their reactions were chemically monitored by using Fourier transform infrared analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis using ANOVA revealed that the brand of silanes and the types of storage condition differ significantly (p<0.005). The highest shear bond strength was obtained with RelyX ceramic silane in dry conditions (19.5+/-4.3 MPa), and after thermo-cycling (16.6+/-3.5 MPa). The lowest results were obtained using Pulpdent Silane Bond Enhancer, in dry conditions (7.8+/-2.2 MPa), and after thermocycling (5.3+/-2.4 MPa). The analysis showed that silanes had different pH values. Some differences were detected between the silanes and their reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental silanes provide different bonding strengths and have differences in their pH, solvent system and silane concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Matinlinna
authors.forename: L V J
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004356:Drug Storage; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium