title: Association between parental histories of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia and the clustering of these disorders in offspring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial aggregation of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia has been well reported. However, only a few studies have assessed to what extent parental histories were involved in the clustering of these diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2002, associations between parental histories of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia and the clustering of high blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in individuals were assessed on the basis of 5010 Japanese men and women aged 33-66 years. Risk factor clusters were defined as those having at least two of the three clinical disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with persons with no parental history of the three diseases, those who had 1, 2 and 3 or more parental histories had risk factor clusters, 1.25 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.47), 1.46 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.84) and 1.41 (95% CI: 0.95, 2.11) times higher, respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors. ORs by 1, 2 and 3 of maternal history were 1.33 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.58), 1.65 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.35) and 1.69 (95% CI: 0.64, 4.42), respectively (trend P < 0.001). However, the number of paternal history was not associated with risk factor clusters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that familial history, particularly maternal history, is an important aid to prevention strategy and public health practice for metabolic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health/Health Information Dynamics, Field of Social Life Science, Program in Health and Community Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsuya
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Chiyoe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takefuji
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Kaichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents; D012307:Risk Factors