title: Cytokine and growth factor mRNA expression patterns associated with the hypercontracted, hyperpigmented healing phenotype of red duroc pigs: a model of abnormal human scar development?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin wounds in red Duroc pigs heal with the formation of hypercontractile, hyperpigmented scars, similar in some respects to human hypertrophic scars.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to characterize the mRNA expression patterns for a subset of relevant cytokines, growth factors, receptors, and transcription factors involved in the red Duroc scarring phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness and deep dermal wounds were created on the backs of juvenile female red Duroc pigs. Samples were taken every two weeks postwounding and total RNA and DNA were extracted and quantified. RT-PCR was performed using porcine gene-specific primers for 15 relevant molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of molecules examined exhibited a biphasic pattern of expression, with peaks of expression at days 14 and 56 postinjury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The molecular expression pattern observed correlates well with the gross healing phenotype and matrix molecule expression patterns previously reported in red Duroc pigs. These findings enhance our understanding of the processes associated with fibroproliferative scar-formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Corrie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gallant-Behm
authors.forename: Merle E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA