title: Generation and characterization of dickkopf3 mutant mice.
abstract: dickkopf (dkk) genes encode a small family of secreted Wnt antagonists, except for dkk3, which is divergent and whose function is poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of dkk3 mutant mice. dkk3-deficient mice are viable and fertile. Phenotypic analysis shows no major alterations in organ morphology, physiology, and most clinical chemistry parameters. Since Dkk3 was proposed to function as thyroid hormone binding protein, we have analyzed deiodinase activities, as well as thyroid hormone levels. Mutant mice are euthyroid, and the data do not support a relationship of dkk3 with thyroid hormone metabolism. Altered phenotypes in dkk3 mutant mice were observed in the frequency of NK cells, immunoglobulin M, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels, as well as lung ventilation. Furthermore, dkk3-deficient mice display hyperactivity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Embryology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ivan del Barco
authors.initials: Idel B
authors.lastname: Barrantes
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montero-Pedrazuela
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guadaño-Ferraz
authors.forename: Maria-Jesus
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Obregon
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez de Mena
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gailus-Durner
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Tobias J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Svetoslav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalaydjiev
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klempt
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hölter
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rathkolb
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morreale de Escobar
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: Dirk H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wurst
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shtrom
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrabé de Angelis
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niehrs
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000235:genetics*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000378:metabolism; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II; C405061:Dkk3 protein, mouse; C406723:P-29 antigen