title: Laryngeal collapse in seven brachycephalic puppies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the histories, clinical findings, and management of seven puppies with laryngeal collapse occurring secondarily to brachycephalic airway syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven brachycephalic puppies aged between 4.5 and six months underwent surgery for management of brachycephalic airway syndrome following presentation for exercise intolerance and increased respiratory noise and effort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stenotic nares of varying severity and an elongated soft palate were common to all dogs. All dogs had tracheal hypoplasia and this was severe in four dogs. Laryngeal collapse was present in all dogs. Two dogs had stage I, four dogs stage II, and one dog stage III laryngeal collapse. The dog with stage III laryngeal collapse and one dog with stage II laryngeal collapse died. There was no apparent association between the changes evident on thoracic radiographs or the degree of tracheal hypoplasia and postoperative outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development of severe secondary laryngeal changes in dogs aged six months or less supports the suggestion that immature brachycephalic dogs should undergo assessment and, if indicated, surgery as soon as any clinical signs of BAS are apparent.
authors.affiliation: University Veterinary Hospital, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pink
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: J M L
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bellenger
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies