title: The right information may matter more than frequency-place alignment: simulations of frequency-aligned and upward shifting cochlear implant processors for a shallow electrode array insertion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been claimed that speech recognition with a cochlear implant is dependent on the correct frequency alignment of analysis bands in the speech processor with characteristic frequencies (CFs) at electrode locations. However, the use of filters aligned in frequency to a relatively basal electrode array position leads to significant loss of lower frequency speech information. This study uses an acoustic simulation to compare two approaches to the matching of speech processor filters to an electrode array having a relatively shallow depth within the typical range, such that the most apical element is at a CF of 1851 Hz. Two noise-excited vocoder speech processors are compared, one with CF-matched filters, and one with filters matched to CFs at basilar membrane locations 6 mm more apical than electrode locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extended crossover training design examined pre- and post-training performance in the identification of vowels and words in sentences for both processors. Subjects received about 3 hours of training with each processor in turn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Training improved performance with both processors, but training effects were greater for the shifted processor. For a male talker, the shifted processor led to higher post-training scores than the frequency-aligned processor with both vowels and sentences. For a female talker, post-training vowel scores did not differ significantly between processors, whereas sentence scores were higher with the frequency-aligned processor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even for a shallow electrode insertion, we conclude that a speech processor should represent information from important frequency regions below 1 kHz and that the possible cost of frequency misalignment can be significantly reduced with listening experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London, Wolfson House, London, United Kingdom. andyf@phon.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faulkner
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*