title: Asthma and hairdressers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hairdressers have an increased prevalence of respiratory diseases and are at high risk of occupational asthma. In this paper we aim to review the most recent findings in respiratory diseases related to the occupation of hairdressing to provide a background for management and prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent studies have described several cases of occupational asthma and occupational rhinitis in hairdressers. Persulphate salts are the major causal agents. Sensitization to persulphate salts seems more related to an individual hypersusceptibility than to environmental factors. An underlying immunologic mechanism is strongly suggested but not definitively demonstrated. The diagnosis of persulphate asthma is based on the specific challenge, for which standardized methods have been described. Some data show the presence of respiratory disorders in an early stage in apprentices and demonstrate that after diagnosis a proportion of hairdressers with occupational asthma remain symptomatic despite cessation of exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful medical surveillance is recommended for hairdressers and for hairdressing apprentices. Further studies are needed to evaluate the mechanism of persulphate asthma and to determine the relative role of individual risk factors compared with environmental factors in the development of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Institute of Care and Research, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Italy. gmoscato@fsm.it
authors.forename: Gianna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moscato
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galdi
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000506:poisoning; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D006203:Hair Preparations