title: Toxicity of a soybean oil emulsion on human lymphocytes and neutrophils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incorporation of lipid emulsions in parenteral diets is a requirement for energy and essential fatty acid supply to critically ill patients. In this study, the toxicity of a lipid emulsion rich (60%) in triacylglycerol of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on leukocytes from healthy volunteers was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven volunteers were recruited, and blood samples were collected before infusion of a soybean oil emulsion, immediately afterwards, and 18 hours later. The cells were studied immediately after isolation and again after 24 hours or 48 hours in culture. The following determinations were made: composition and concentration of fatty acids in plasma, lymphocytes and neutrophils, lymphocyte proliferation, levels of cell viability, DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species production, and neutral lipid accumulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soybean oil emulsion decreased lymphocyte proliferation and provoked neutrophil and lymphocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Evidence is presented herein that soybean oil emulsion is less toxic to neutrophils than to lymphocytes. The mechanism of cell death induced by this oil emulsion was characterized by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and neutral lipid accumulation but did not alter reactive oxygen species production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soybean oil emulsion given as a single dose of 500 mL promotes lymphocyte and neutrophil death that may enhance the susceptibility of the patients to infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and the Division of Clinical Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil. mafecury@icb.usp.br
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cury-Boaventura
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gorjão
authors.forename: Thaís Martins
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Tatiane Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.forename: Carmem Maldonado
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: Francisco Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004655:Emulsions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000633:toxicity; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013024:Soybean Oil