title: Three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy compared with permanent prostate implantation in low-risk prostate cancer based on endorectal magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging and prostate-specific antigen level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the metabolic response by comparing the time to resolution of spectroscopic abnormalities (TRSA) and the time to prostate-specific antigen level in low-risk prostate cancer patients after treatment with three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy (3D-CRT) compared with permanent prostate implantation (PPI). Recent studies have suggested that the treatment of low-risk prostate cancer yields similar results for patients treated with 3D-CRT or PPI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 patients, 25 in each group, who had been treated with 3D-CRT or PPI, had undergone endorectal magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging before and/or at varying times after therapy. The 3D-CRT patients had received radiation doses of > or =72 Gy compared with 144 Gy for the PPI patients. The spectra from all usable voxels were examined for detectable levels of metabolic signal, and the percentages of atrophic and cancerous voxels were tabulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median time to resolution of the spectroscopic abnormalities was 32.2 and 24.8 months and the time to the nadir prostate-specific antigen level was 52.4 and 38.0 months for the 3D-CRT and PPI patients, respectively. Of the 3D-CRT patients, 92% achieved negative endorectal magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging findings, with 40% having complete metabolic atrophy. All 25 PPI patients had negative endorectal magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging findings, with 60% achieving complete metabolic atrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that metabolic and biochemical responses of the prostate are more pronounced after PPI. Our results have not proved PPI is more effective at curing prostate cancer, but they have demonstrated that it may be more effective at destroying prostate metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. pickett@radonc17.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Barby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pickett
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurhanewicz
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pouliot
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Fergus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Coakley
authors.forename: Mack
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen