title: Effects of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) metabolites on cricket (Acheta domesticus) survival and reproductive success.
abstract: The effect of two major hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) metabolites, hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX), on cricket (Acheta domesticus) survival and reproduction was studied. RDX metabolites did not have adverse effects on cricket survival, growth, and egg production. However, MNX and TNX did affect egg hatching. MNX and TNX were more toxic in spiked-sand than in topical tests. TNX was more toxic to egg than MNX. Developmental stage and exposure time affected hatching. After 30 days exposure to MNX or TNX, the EC20, EC50, and EC95 were 47, 128, and 247 microg/g for TNX, and 65, 140, and 253 microg/g for MNX in topical tests. The ECs for 20, 50, and 95 were 21, 52, and 99 microg/g for MNX, and 12, 48, and 97 microg/g for TNX in sand. No gross abnormalities in cricket nypmhs were observed in all experiments indicating that neither TNX or MNX is teratogenic in this assay.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), and Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409-1163, USA.
authors.forename: Baohong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: Jaclyn E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cañas
authors.forename: Qiuqiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006135:Gryllidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000633:toxicity; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents; D009602:Nitrosamines; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines; C014233:trinitrosotrimethylenetriamine; C009160:cyclonite