title: Role of the ERK pathway in psychostimulant-induced locomotor sensitization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated exposure to psychostimulants results in a progressive and long-lasting facilitation of the locomotor response that is thought to have implications for addiction. Psychostimulants and other drugs of abuse activate in specific brain areas extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), an essential component of a signaling pathway involved in synaptic plasticity and long-term effects of drugs of abuse. Here we have investigated the role of ERK activation in the behavioral sensitization induced by repeated administration of psychostimulants in mice, using SL327, a brain-penetrating selective inhibitor of MAP-kinase/ERK kinase (MEK), the enzyme that selectively activates ERK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose of SL327 (30 mg/kg) that reduced the number of activated ERK-positive neurons by 62 to 89% in various brain areas, had virtually no effect on the spontaneous locomotor activity or the acute hyperlocomotion induced by cocaine or D-amphetamine. Pre-treatment with SL327 (30 mg/kg) prior to each drug administration prevented the locomotor sensitization induced by repeated injections of D-amphetamine or cocaine. The SL327 pre-treatment abolished also conditioned locomotor response of mice placed in the context previously paired with cocaine or D-amphetamine. In contrast, SL327 did not alter the expression of sensitized response to D-amphetamine or cocaine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altogether these results show that ERK has a minor contribution to the acute locomotor effects of psychostimulants or to the expression of sensitized responses, whereas it is crucial for the acquisition of locomotor sensitization and psychostimulant-conditioned locomotor response. This study supports the important role of the ERK pathway in long-lasting behavioral alterations induced by drugs of abuse.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U536, F-75005, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC-Paris 6), F-75005, Paris. valjent@fer-a-moulin.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valjent
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Corvol
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trzaskos
authors.forename: Jean-Antoine
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girault
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hervé
mesh_terms: D000607:Aminoacetonitrile / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; C424127:SL 327; D000607:Aminoacetonitrile; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D003042:Cocaine; D003913:Dextroamphetamine