title: Epidemic infectious gastrointestinal illness aboard U.S. Navy ships deployed to the Middle East during peacetime operations--2000-2001.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infectious gastrointestinal illness (IGI) outbreaks have been reported in U.S. Navy ships and could potentially have an adverse mission impact. Studies to date have been anecdotal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of weekly reported disease and non-battle injury health data collected in 2000-2001 from 44 U.S. Navy ships while sailing in the 5th Fleet (Persian Gulf and nearby seas).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this period, 11 possible IGI outbreaks were identified. Overall, we found 3.3 outbreaks per 100 ship-weeks, a mean outbreak duration of 4.4 weeks, and a mean cumulative ship population attack rate of 3.6%. Morbidity, represented by days lost due to personnel being placed on sick-in-quarters status, was higher during outbreak weeks compared to non-outbreak weeks (p = 0.002). No clear seasonal distribution was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Explosive outbreaks due to viruses and bacteria with the potential of incapacitating large proportions of the crew raise serious concerns of mission impact and military readiness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA. mriddle@usuhs.mil
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: Bonnie L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Smoak
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bresee
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Faix
authors.forename: Shannon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Putnam
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019156:Indian Ocean; D008877:Middle East; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012767:Ships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States