title: The Notch coactivator, MAML1, functions as a novel coactivator for MEF2C-mediated transcription and is required for normal myogenesis.
abstract: The MAML (mastermind-like) proteins are a family of three co-transcriptional regulators that are essential for Notch signaling, a pathway critical for cell fate determination. Though the functions of MAML proteins in normal development remain unresolved, their distinct tissue distributions and differential activities in cooperating with various Notch receptors suggest that they have unique roles. Here we show that mice with a targeted disruption of the Maml1 gene have severe muscular dystrophy. In vitro, Maml1-null embryonic fibroblasts failed to undergo MyoD-induced myogenic differentiation, further suggesting that Maml1 is required for muscle development. Interestingly, overexpression of MAML1 in C2C12 cells dramatically enhanced myotube formation and increased the expression of muscle-specific genes, while RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated MAML1 knockdown abrogated differentiation. Moreover, we determined that MAML1 interacts with MEF2C (myocyte enhancer factor 2C), functioning as its potent co-transcriptional regulator. Surprisingly, however, MAML1's promyogenic effects were completely blocked upon activation of Notch signaling, which was associated with recruitment of MAML1 away from MEF2C to the Notch transcriptional complex. Our study thus reveals novel and nonredundant functions for MAML1: It acts as a coactivator for MEF2C transcription and is essential for proper muscle development. Mechanistically, MAML1 appears to mediate cross-talk between Notch and MEF2 to influence myogenic differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Huangxuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Abigail S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: McElhinny
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jingxuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bronson
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Lizi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D009132:Muscles / Q000196:embryology*; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000235:genetics; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C486455:Maml1 protein, mouse; C578041:Mef2c protein, mouse; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors