title: The persistence of anticardiolipin antibodies is associated with an increased risk of the presence of lupus anticoagulant and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in blood samples from a cohort of individuals followed for thrombosis to determine whether the persistent presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) is associated with a greater likelihood of having lupus anticoagulant and/or anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (LA/abeta2GPI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 353 individuals who had been tested for aCL on at least two occasions were tested for abeta2GPI and LA. Two groups were defined: aCL-persistent, who tested aCL-positive on at least two occasions, and aCL non-persistent, who tested aCL-positive on fewer than two occasions. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed using LA/abeta2GPI, LA and abeta2GPI as outcome variables and the percentage of aCL-positive tests as the predictor variable, adjusted for age, gender, family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), smoking and number of venous (VT) and arterial thromboses (AT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-eight (19%) individuals were aCL persistent and 285 (81%) were aCL non-persistent. LA/abeta2GPI was found in 36 (53%) of the aCL persistent group and 38 (13%) of the aCL non-persistent group. The two groups were similar for age, gender and smoking. Family history of CVD, SLE, VT and AT were more frequent in the aCL persistent group. Multivariate analyses revealed that odds ratios for LA/abeta2GPI, LA and abeta2GPI were 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-1.47], 1.36 (95% CI = 1.24-1.50) and 1.47 (95% CI = 1.31-1.65) respectively for each 10% increase in aCL-positive tests vs 0% positive tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistence of aCL positivity is associated with an increased risk of LA/abeta2GPI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neville
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kassis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solymoss
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Belisle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Subang
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Fortin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011792:Quebec; D012306:Risk; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D001323:Autoantibodies; D006023:Glycoproteins; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I