title: A detailed Hapmap of the Sitosterolemia locus spanning 69 kb; differences between Caucasians and African-Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sitosterolemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that maps to the sitosterolemia locus, STSL, on human chromosome 2p21. Two genes, ABCG5 and ABCG8, comprise the STSL and mutations in either cause sitosterolemia. ABCG5 and ABCG8 are thought to have evolved by gene duplication event and are arranged in a head-to-head configuration. We report here a detailed characterization of the STSL in Caucasian and African-American cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caucasian and African-American DNA samples were genotypes for polymorphisms at the STSL locus and haplotype structures determined for this locus
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Caucasian population, 13 variant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and resulting in 24 different haplotypes, compared to 11 SNPs in African-Americans resulting in 40 haplotypes. Three polymorphisms in ABCG8 were unique to the Caucasian population (E238L, INT10-50 and G575R), whereas one variant (A259V) was unique to the African-American population. Allele frequencies of SNPs varied also between these populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed that despite their close proximity to each other, significantly more variations are present in ABCG8 compared to ABCG5. Pairwise D' values showed wide ranges of variation, indicating some of the SNPs were in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and some were not. LD was more prevalent in Caucasians than in African-Americans, as would be expected. These data will be useful in analyzing the proposed role of STSL in processes ranging from responsiveness to cholesterol-lowering drugs to selective sterol absorption.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, STR 541, 114 Doughty Street, Charleston, SC 29403, USA. bhaswati.pandit@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Bhaswati
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: Gwang-Sook
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Starr E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hazard
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Shailendra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008052:Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000235:genetics*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C416945:ABCG5 protein, human; C416946:ABCG8 protein, human; D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D008074:Lipoproteins