Detection of very early antibody to native HIV antigens by HIV neutralization and live-cell immunofluorescence assays.
Very early detection of HIV infection could help decrease the spread of HIV, improve safety of the blood supply, and permit earlier treatment. Early detection was reported when native gp41 antigen was used to detect antibodies that occurred 2-6 weeks earlier than detection of antibodies to denatured antigens by the current EIA or WB tests or detection by the HIV RNA test. We hypothesized that early antibodies to native gp41/160 could be detected, not only by the reported live-cell immunofluorescence (IFA) but also by a neutralization test, since virions as well as HIV-infected cells contain native gp41/160. To test this hypothesis, we did an initial test of concept study to compare the neutralization test with other tests, using sera from 12 high-risk patients. The neutralization test reproducibly detected early antibodies (characterized) in the sera of 10 of 12 (83%) high-risk subjects. Importantly, the EIA and WB tests that use denatured antigens missed the early diagnosis in 12 of the 13 subjects (92%). The findings support the concept that native HIV antigens can detect polyclonal HIV neutralizing antibodies and live-cell IFA antibodies earlier than currently available tests that use denatured antigens.
Pan
Jingzhi
J
University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA. jpan@sial.com
Chen
Jianmin
J
Lee
Hung
H
Sahu
Gautam K
GK
Poast
Joyce S
JS
Tyring
Stephen
S
Cloyd
Miles
M
Baron
Samuel
S
D000915:Antibody Affinity / Q000276:immunology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D000939:Epitopes; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000379:methods*
D000939:Epitopes; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D007074:Immunoglobulin G