title: To close or not to close, that is one of the questions? Perceptions of Trauma Association of Canada surgical members on the management of the open abdomen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal abdominal closure in critically ill surgical/trauma patients remains controversial with a wide variety of commonly employed techniques. We sought to evaluate clinical equipoise by surveying Canadian surgeons regarding the use of temporary abdominal closure strategies in damage control and emergency situations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A structured mixed-mode (Website and paper), scenario-based questionnaire was developed by members of the Canadian Trauma Trials Collaborative and directed to surgical members of the Trauma Association of Canada (TAC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rate was 84% (86 out of 102). In resuscitated hemodynamically stable trauma patients, 42% (29 out of 69) of respondents elected to primarily close an "extremely tight" abdominal cavity while only 23% (16 out of 70) would primarily close the same patient when physiologic exhaustion (Damage control (DC) conditions-hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy) supervened. Although the majority reported preference for temporizing abdominal closures [73% (51 out of 70) non-DC, 75% (52 out of 69) DC] when the fascia was physically impossible to close; the reported primary use of mesh in these situations was quite high [24.6% (17 out of 69) non-DC, 24% (16 out of 69) DC], including a reported 7% (5 out of 69) nonabsorbable mesh usage in a contaminated octogenarian abdomen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported opinions suggest an overall appreciation for markers of "Damage Control," although clinical equipoise exists regarding the preferred technique and a frequent early use of mesh. These results highlight the necessity for further research but suggest challenges in defining a common standard for multicenter trials.
authors.affiliation: Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Shahzeer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karmali
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Kevin B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Laupland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.forename: Chad G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: T Charyk
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khetarpal
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000138:Acidosis / Q000150:complications; D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications; D002170:Canada; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003657:Decision Making; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000150:complications; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018579:Patient Selection; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D014194:Traumatology / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data