title: Imaging findings of biliary and nonbiliary complications following laparoscopic surgery.
abstract: Laparoscopic techniques are evolving for a wide range of surgical procedures although they were initially confined to cholecystectomy and exploratory laparoscopy. Recently, surgical procedures performed with a laparoscope include splenectomy, adrenalectomy, gastrectomy, and myomectomy. In this article, we review the spectrum of complications and illustrate imaging features of biliary and nonbiliary complications after various laparoscopic surgeries. Biliary complications following laparoscopic cholecystectomy include bile ductal obstruction, bile leak with bile duct injury, dropped stones in the peritoneal cavity, retained CBD stone, and port-site metastasis. Nonbiliary complications are anastomotic leakage after partial gastrectomy, gangrenous cholecystitis after gastrectomy, hematoma at the anastomotic site following gastrectomy, gastric infarction after gastrectomy, port-site metastasis after gastrectomy, hematoma after splenectomy, renal infarction after adrenalectomy, and active bleeding after myomectomy of the uterus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-ku Shinchon-dong 134, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Myeong-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Joo Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joon Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Young Taik
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ki Whang
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography