Peroxy bleaches Part 1. Background and techniques for hazard evaluation.
Fabric laundering is now a sophisticated chemical process involving a variety of operations including bleaching. The chemistry of peroxy bleaches is described including the use of novel organic compounds to provide effective bleaching at the lower temperatures of modern wash cycles. The instability of peroxy compounds is illustrated using cameo case histories to relate theory and practice. Techniques available for determining their thermochemistry are summarised. A model is provided for hazard and risk assessment of development projects in general (particularly those involving new molecules, processes or formulations) from ideas phase through exploratory laboratory investigations to pilot plant scale-up and eventual manufacture and commercial exploitation. This paper is a prelude to Part 2, which describes the determination of thermodynamic and kinetic properties of peroxy bleaches and discusses the implication of the results in terms of precautions for their safe storage and incorporation into detergent formulations during processing.
Carson
P A
PA
Unilever Research, Port Sunlight Laboratory, UK; Chemistry Department, University of Manchester, Institute of Science and Technology, UK. pcarson2005@aol.com
Fairclough
C S
CS
Mauduit
C
C
Colsell
M
M
D000465:Algorithms; D002151:Calorimetry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002617:Chemical Industry; D004055:Differential Thermal Analysis; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007846:Laundering; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010545:Peroxides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014186:Transportation
D015386:Hazardous Substances; D010545:Peroxides; D010100:Oxygen