title: Characteristics of repeat breeding buffaloes in Nepal.
abstract: Repeat breeding is one of the most important reproductive disorders in buffaloes. Its etiology, however, is not well described. The aim of this study was to show the clinical features of repeat breeding buffaloes referred to infertility camps in the southern region of Nepal. Eighty-five buffaloes mated three times or more without conception were clinically examined. Sixty percent of the buffaloes were heifers. Fifty-nine percent of the buffalo cows with repeat breeding were already 10 months or more after calving. Indications of cervicitis were observed in 25% of the repeat breeders. Buffalo cows 12 months or more after calving and heifers in adequate nutritional condition were treated with either GnRH or PGF2alpha, and showed a satisfactory conception rate after treatment. Cows within 12 months post partum and heifers at a relatively younger age were treated with a vitamin/mineral mixture supplement, and this resulted in a moderate conception rate. In conclusion, the major clinical features of repeat breeding buffaloes include a large proportion of heifers, a long interval from calving to treatment, a high incidence of cervicitis, and a high or moderate response to treatment with PGF2alpha and GnRH or vitamin/mineral mixture. More attention needs to be paid to estrous detection and management of mating with bulls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.
authors.forename: Shyam Kishore
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sah
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002020:Buffaloes; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000662:veterinary; D009390:Nepal; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D015237:Dinoprost