title: The frequent BRCA1 mutation 1135insA has multiple origins: a haplotype study in different populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analysis of the chromosomal background upon which a mutation occurs can be used to reconstruct the origins of specific disease-causing mutations. The relatively common BRCA1 mutation, 1135insA, has been previously identified as a Norwegian founder mutation. We performed haplotype analysis of individuals from breast and ovarian cancer families from four different ethnic backgrounds who had been identified as carriers of the BRCA1: 1135insA mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four microsatellite markers (D17S855, D17S1322, D17S1323 and D17S1325) located within or near the BRCA1 gene were genotyped in mutation carriers from 6 families of French Canadian, Italian and Dutch descent. Haplotypes were inferred from the genotype data and compared between these families and with the previously reported Norwegian founder haplotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1135insA mutation was found to occur on three distinct haplotype backgrounds. The families from Norway shared a distinct haplotype while the families of French Canadian, Italian, and Dutch descent were found to occur on one of two additional, distinct backgrounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that while the Norwegian haplotype including 1135insA represents an ancient Norwegian mutation, the same mutation has occurred independently in the other populations examined. In centres where targeted mutation testing is performed, exclusively or prior to gene sequencing, our findings suggest that this recurring mutation should be included in targeted mutation panels, irrespective of the ethnic origin of the persons tested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. teresa@mrs.mni.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rudkin
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galvez
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hogervorst
authors.forename: Johan J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gille
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Jaran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Apold
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Foulkes
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D002170:Canada; D003718:Denmark; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D018703:Founder Effect; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009154:Mutation; D009664:Norway; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics