title: Keratoconus: matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation and TIMP modulation.
abstract: Keratoconus is an ocular condition that causes corneal thinning, cone formation and scarring. In view of a hypothesis that activated MMP-2 may initiate or facilitate disease progression, the MMP-2/TIMP systems of stromal cells derived from normal and keratoconic corneas have been compared. To achieve this, stromal cell cultures were established from normal, clear keratoconic (KCS-1) and scarred keratoconic (KCS-2) corneas. The secreted MMP-2 was assayed using [(3)H]Type IV collagen and analysed by zymography. Optimally maintained and nutrient deprived cells were subsequently incubated with [(3)H]lysine. The secreted radiolabelled macromolecules were separated and quantified. The results obtained indicated that optimally maintained KCS-1 stromal cells produced more MMP-2 than normal stromal cells but not TIMP. Nutrient deprivation induced MMP-2 activation and cell death. Surviving cells upregulated TIMP-1 synthesis and in this respect became similar to the KCS-2 stromal cells that did not excessively generate activated MMP-2 or die as a consequence of nutrient deprivation. From these results, it was concluded that KCS-1 stromal cells over-expressed MMP-2 without increasing TIMP production. This may facilitate MMP-2 activation in vivo and hence advance the keratoconic condition. KCS-2 cultures over-expressed both MMP-2 and TIMP-1. Because TIMP-1 inhibits MMP-2 activity and protects against cell death it may be of significance in initiating repair processes and curtailing keratoconus.
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LX, UK. Val.Smith@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Majid
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D018093:Gelatinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C069860:progelatinase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2