title: Influence of electric somatosensory stimulation on paretic-hand function in chronic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the influence of electric somatosensory stimulation on performance of the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT), a widely used assessment of functional hand motor skills, by the paretic arm in patients with chronic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initially, patients trained for several sessions until reaching plateau performance on the JTHFT. Subsequently, they entered a crossover randomized study, designed to evaluate the influence of somatosensory stimulation on JTHFT performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with chronic stroke (>/=1.5 y) who acutely had marked weakness (paralysis of the upper extremity is evaluated as equal or below Medical Research Council [MRC] grade 2) followed by improvement to an MRC grade of 4.24+/-0.43 (range, 3.5-4.9) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) score of 86.43%+/-2.02% at the time of testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hours of electric somatosensory stimulation was applied to the (1) paretic hand, (2) paretic leg, or (3) no stimulation in different sessions, in a randomized order.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time required to complete the JTHFT was analyzed by using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with factors time (pre-, postintervention) and intervention (paretic hand, paretic leg, no stimulation) followed by post hoc testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant effects of intervention and intervention by time interaction (P<.01) on JTHFT time was revealed by repeated-measures ANOVA. Post hoc testing documented improvements in JTHFT time with paretic hand stimulation alone (P<.005), an effect that appeared more prominent in subjects with lower FMA scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Somatosensory stimulation applied to a paretic limb can benefit performance of a functional test in patients with chronic stroke. This result supports the proposal that electric sensory stimulation in combination with training protocols may enhance the benefit of customary neurorehabilitative treatments and possibly motor learning.
authors.affiliation: Human Cortical Physiology Section and Stroke Neurorehabilitation Clinic, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Carolyn W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hyae-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Leonardo G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*