title: Nuclear photosynthetic gene expression is synergistically modulated by rates of protein synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria.
abstract: Arabidopsis thaliana mutants prors1-1 and -2 were identified on the basis of a decrease in effective photosystem II quantum yield. Mutations were localized to the 5'-untranslated region of the nuclear gene PROLYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE1 (PRORS1), which acts in both plastids and mitochondria. In prors1-1 and -2, PRORS1 expression is reduced, along with protein synthesis in both organelles. PRORS1 null alleles (prors1-3 and -4) result in embryo sac and embryo development arrest. In mutants with the leaky prors1-1 and -2 alleles, transcription of nuclear genes for proteins involved in photosynthetic light reactions is downregulated, whereas genes for other chloroplast proteins are upregulated. Downregulation of nuclear photosynthetic genes is not associated with a marked increase in the level of reactive oxygen species in leaves and persists in the dark, suggesting that the transcriptional response is light and photooxidative stress independent. The mrpl11 and prpl11 mutants are impaired in the mitochondrial and plastid ribosomal L11 proteins, respectively. The prpl11 mrpl11 double mutant, but neither of the single mutants, resulted in strong downregulation of nuclear photosynthetic genes, like that seen in leaky mutants for PRORS1, implying that, when organellar translation is perturbed, signals derived from both types of organelles cooperate in the regulation of nuclear photosynthetic gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Pflanzenzüchtung und Genetik, Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pesaresi
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masiero
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eubel
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Shashi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhushan
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salamini
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leister
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; C511747:PRORS1 protein, Arabidopsis; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases