title: Analysis of lead levels in local Jordanian and imported sheep meat and organs using atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: A total of two hundred and forty random samples were collected equally from mutton, liver and kidney of 40 local (Jordanian) and 40 imported Australian sheep (40 each sub sample). Fresh samples were collected from 12-18 m old sheep slaughtered in abattoirs in Jordan in 2002. Besides, 40 fresh mutton samples of imported Chinese sheep were collected from different markets. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to estimate the lead (Pb) content of the samples. Results indicated that Australian mutton had significantly higher (p < 0.05) mean of lead pollution than that of the local and Chinese muttons. The mean concentration of lead (mg/kg) in Australian, local and Chinese muttons was 4.30, 3.15 and 2.17, respectively. The mean concentration of lead in Australian sheep liver was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that recorded in the local sheep liver. The mean concentration of Pb in Australian and local sheep liver was 5.69 and 4.52 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentrations of Pb in the kidney of the Australian and local sheep were not significantly different (p > 0.05). They were 4.59 and 3.87 mg/kg, respectively. On the basis of the samples lead level, 85, 92 and 87.5% of local, Australian and Chinese mutton respectively, exceeded the international safe permissible limit of 1.0 mg/kg. Furthermore, the effect of Pb on animal and human health was discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), Irbid, Jordan. massadeh@just.edu.jo
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massadeh
authors.forename: Labib
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Sharif
authors.forename: Raed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dalale'h
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007597:Jordan; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D012756:Sheep; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D007854:Lead