title: Adipokine resistin promotes in vitro angiogenesis of human endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistin may be associated with obesity and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is unknown whether resistin directly contributes to angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of resistin on angiogenic potential, including endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) were treated with resistin. Cell proliferation was evaluated by [3H]thymidine incorporation and MTS assays. Cell migration was assessed by a modified Boyden chamber assay. Capillary-like tube formation was studied with a Matrigel model. Several gene expression levels were determined by real-time PCR. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was determined by Bio-Plex luminex analyzer. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was used as a control. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) were also included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistin induced both endothelial proliferation and migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner with the maximal effect at 40 ng/ml. Both resistin-induced cell proliferation and migration could be effectively blocked by a resistin-neutralization antibody. In addition, resistin promoted capillary-like tube formation of HCAECs on Matrigel. Resistin also significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-2) at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, transient phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 was observed after the addition of resistin to HCAECs. The resistin-induced cell proliferation and migration were both completely blocked by specific ERK1/2 and p38 inhibitors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistin induces human endothelial cell proliferation and migration, promotes capillary-like tube formation, upregulates the expression of VEGFRs and MMPs, and activates ERK1/2 and p38 pathways. Thus, resistin may play an important role in angiogenesis-associated vascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail stop: NAB-2010, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Shaoyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Qizhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Changyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002196:Capillaries; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin; D008168:Lung; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D052243:Resistin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D014471:Umbilical Veins; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007797:Laminin; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052243:Resistin; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1