title: Acute renal failure following liver transplantation with induction therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the predictive factors for acute renal failure (ARF) in a retrospective study of 100 orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) performed in 94 patients between 2000 and 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute renal failure (ARF) was defined using the RIFLE criteria, i.e. injury when creatinine doubles or GFR halves, and failure when creatinine trebles or GFR decreases by > 75%. Patients on dialysis pre OLT (n = 3) were excluded from the study. Immunosuppression included steroids, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), with (n = 32) or without mycophenolate mofetil. A total of 85% of patients also received induction therapy with antithymocyte globulins (29%) or anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (56%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  39 patients (41.5%) and 21 (22.3%) patients developed injury, and failure, respectively. Of these, 10 (10.6%) underwent dialysis. Univariate analysis revealed that acute renal dysfunction with a RIFLE score > or = 3 was significantly associated with a pre-operative serum creatinine level of > 100 micromol/l, pre-operative creatinine clearance of < 75 ml/mn, need for a transfusion (> 10 red packed units), post-operative diuresis of < 100 ml/h, use of vasopressive drugs, times to aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferase peaks of > 20 and > 24 hours, respectively, relaparotomy, CNIs transient discontinuation, and the use of lower daily dosage of CNIs at post-OLT Days 3, 5, 7 and 15. In multivariate analysis, failure was significantly associated with time to AST peak (> 20 h) (OR 6.35 (1.2 - 33.6), p = 0.029), post-operative diuresis (< 100 ml/h) (OR 9.8 (2.03 47.3), p = 0.004), post-operative use of vasopressive drugs (OR 9.91 (2.02 - 48.7), p = 0.004), and transient CNIs withdrawal (OR 51.08 (7.58-344.1), p < 0.0001). Finally, the occurrence of ARF was significantly associated with an increased number of days on mechanical ventilation, on stay-in intensive care unit (ICU), and on overall hospitalization time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ARF is quite common after OLT and significantly increases the post-operative time at the hospital, thereby increasing the OLT cost. Its independent predictive factors are mainly related to perioperative events.
authors.affiliation: Multiorgan Transplant Unit, University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guitard
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cointault
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muscari
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lavayssière
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Suc
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barange
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rostaing
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine