title: Simultaneous quantification of adrenergic amines and flavonoids in C. aurantium, various Citrus species, and dietary supplements by liquid chromatography.
abstract: An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 6 amines and 20 flavonoids in fruits and extracts of 30 Citrus species, including C. aurantium, near-Citrus relatives, and dietary supplements by liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The separation was achieved with a Phenomenex Synergi Hydro reversed-phase column using gradient mobile phase of sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.5) and acetonitrile. Elution was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV at 254, 280, and 330 nm. Among the amines analyzed, synephrine, the main component, was present in the levels from 0.11 to 2.0 mg/g dry weight in 21 Citrus species and 0.07 to 18.62% in dietary supplements claiming to contain C. aurantium. The flavanones and flavones were analyzed in the same Citrus samples and were species-specific. The levels of flavones were very low compared with those of flavanones. The method facilitated the simultaneous quantification of 6 amines and 20 flavonoids in various Citrus species, the distinction between the different Citrus species, and the analysis of dietary supplements containing C. aurantium.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA. bavula@olemiss.edu
authors.forename: Bharathi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avula
authors.forename: Sampath Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Upparapalli
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navarrete
authors.forename: Ikhlas A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001628:Beverages; D002138:Calibration; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002845:Chromatography; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002957:Citrus / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000737:chemistry; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019346:Sodium Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000588:Amines; D044950:Flavanones; D047309:Flavones; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019346:Sodium Acetate; C032159:acetonitrile