title: Purinergic receptor ligands stimulate pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression in AtT-20 pituitary corticotroph cells.
abstract: Although recent studies have suggested that purinergic receptors are expressed in the anterior pituitary gland, their involvement in the regulation of pituitary hormone gene expression is not completely understood. In the present study, we examined the expression of purinergic receptors and the effects of purinergic receptor ligands on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression, in AtT20 mouse corticotroph cells. We identified the expression of most of the purinergic receptor subtypes (A1, A2, P2X1, 3-7, P2Y1, 2, 4) mRNAs, analysed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. We also found that adenosine and ATP, two representative and endogenous agonists of A1-3 and P2X/P2Y receptors, respectively, stimulated the 5'-promoter activity of the POMC gene in a dose- and time-related manner. When these ligands were simultaneously used with corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), effects that were more than additive were observed, suggesting an enhancing role of these compounds in CRH-mediated adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) synthesis. These ligands also stimulated the expression of transcription factors involved in the regulation of the POMC gene, but did not enhance ACTH secretion. Finally, the positive effect of adenosine as well as CRH was completely inhibited by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89, whereas that of ATP was not influenced, indicating that different intracellular signalling pathways mediate these effects. Altogether, our results suggest a stimulatory role for these purinergic receptor ligands in the regulation of POMC gene expression in corticotroph cells. Because adenosine and ATP are known to be produced within the pituitary gland, it is possible they may be acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
authors.forename: L-F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsugita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kambayashi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000241:Adenosine