title: The arthroscopic management of frozen ankle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate a combined anterior and posterior arthroscopic approach in the treatment of frozen ankle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with post-traumatic frozen ankle were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an average follow-up of 32.6 months (range, 24 to 42 months), the average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot-ankle score was improved from 63.8 point (range, 55-74) to 88.6 point (range, 81-100). The average ankle dorsiflexion improved from 1 degrees (range, 0 degrees to 5 degrees) to 19 degrees (range, 15 degrees to 25 degrees). The average ankle plantarflexion improved from 16 degrees (range 10 degrees to 20 degrees) to 39 degrees (range, 30 degrees to 45 degrees).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined posterior ankle endoscopy and anterior ankle arthroscopy is effective in the treatment of post-traumatic frozen ankle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, North District Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Tun Hing
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Wai Kit
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kwok Bill
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome