title: Development of a capillary electrophoretic method for the analysis of low-molecular-weight amines from metal working fluid aerosols and ambient air.
abstract: A method for the determination of low-molecular-weight amines from indoor and ambient air was developed using a concentration device followed by CE coupled with indirect spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection that enables a reliable, rapid-response and easy-to-operate method. In indirect detection method, the selected amines were separated from interfering metal ions and amino alcohols present in the samples with an imidazole-based buffer with ethanol and EDTA as modifier. By replacing imidazole with ammonium, the final buffer was applicable for MS detection for the analytes with m/z higher than 50. A novel monolithic polymer material based on poly(methacrylate-acrylate) copolymer was developed for sampling short-chain amines from the gaseous phase. The selected analysis conditions were applied to quantify the selected short-chain amines with detection limits for the whole procedure determined between 1 and 2 microg/filter when 40 L air was sampled with 1 L/min velocity. Improved linearity and precision were obtained when the raw, time-scaled electropherogram data were transformed into mobility-scale applied for the determination of the performance characteristics of the methods. The applicability of the process of data transformation into the mobility scale was demonstrated by studying the matrix effect of water-miscible metal working fluid (stable water-oil emulsion) and of ambient air as real samples. CE-indirect UV and CE-MS, combined with the possibility of rapid air sampling, can be useful for the estimation of short-term exposure of the selected biogenic amines.
authors.affiliation: GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Ecological Chemistry, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fekete
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frommberger
authors.forename: Guichen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Majlinda R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lahaniatis
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lintelman
authors.forename: Jeno
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fekete
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gebefugi
authors.forename: Ashok Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Antonius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kettrup
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt-Kopplin
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000327:Adsorption; D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008669:Metallurgy; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001679:Biogenic Amines; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C030613:polymethacrylic acid; C006903:carbopol 940