title: Monitoring of asthma control in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The focus in managing asthma has undergone a paradigm shift from the concept of assessing severity to assessing control. The recent Practice Parameter on attaining optimal asthma control highlights the need to titrate the step-care management of asthma to the level of control assessed at each clinic encounter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent advances in the monitoring of asthma control in children include the use of questionnaires such as the Childhood Asthma Control Test, use of biomarkers such as fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide, sophisticated hand-held electronic monitoring of lung function such as peak flow and forced expiratory volume, indicators of lung growth and bronchial hyper-responsiveness such as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume, outcomes-utilization data, markers of atopy, and electronic measures of adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three recent proof-of-concept studies in adults have demonstrated the relevance of criteria other than guidelines-recommended asthma symptoms and pulmonary function tests. These studies used airway hyper-responsiveness, sputum eosinophilia, and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide as indices to facilitate fine-tuning of asthma control and use of controller-inhaled steroids. The next logical step would be to determine the applicability of these and other measures to children in both research and clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Section of Allergy/Asthma/Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri in Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA. cdinakar@cmh.edu
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dinakar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D013147:Spirometry