title: Physiotherapy assessment and treatment for an ambulant child with cerebral palsy after botox A to the lower limbs: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Botulinum toxin A is a relatively new, noninvasive treatment option for children with cerebral palsy, providing an effective, short-term intervention to reduce spasticity. It is used as an adjunct to other management including physiotherapy. The purpose of this case report is to evaluate assessment and management by physiotherapy following Botox injections to hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examination of function and impairment for a 3.5-year-old child with spastic diplegia included the Gross Motor Function Measure, Goal Attainment Scaling, the Physician Rating Scale of gait, dynamic and passive range of movement, and selective motor control. Physiotherapy intervention was play based and occurred at home, at a preschool, and in the therapist's usual clinic setting, twice a week for the first five weeks, then once a week for another five weeks. Intervention consisted of whole and part practice of functional skills using closed and open chain exercises through the full available muscle range.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The child showed increased ability in function; however, impairment level results were inconsistent and may not be effective at discerning change in a clinical setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increased level of physiotherapy was easily implemented by frequent and clear communication with those directly involved with the child's everyday activities. This is believed to have contributed to the successful outcomes seen.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. hilda.mulligan@chmeds.ac.nz
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wilmshurst
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010808:Physical Examination; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A