title: Induction of apoptotic cell death leads to the development of bacterial rot caused by Pseudomonas cichorii.
abstract: Pseudomonas cichorii is the major causal agent of bacterial rot of lettuce. Collapse and browning symptoms were observed in lettuce leaf tissue from 15 to 24 h after inoculation (HAI) with P. cichorii; superoxide anion generation was detected at 1 to 6 HAI; and cell death was induced at 6 HAI, reaching a maximum at approximately 9 and 12 HAI. Heterochromatin condensation and DNA laddering also were observed within 3 HAI. Pharmacological studies showed that induction of cell death and DNA laddering was closely associated with de novo protein synthesis, protein kinase, intracellular reactive oxygen species, DNase, serine protease, and caspase III-like protease. Moreover, chemicals, which inhibited the induction of cell death and DNA laddering, also suppressed the development of disease symptoms. These results suggest that apoptotic cell death might be closely associated with the development of bacterial rot caused by P. cichorii.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, 783-8502 Japan. akiba@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiba
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sangawa
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Pyoyun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayashiki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tosa
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mayama
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hikichi
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D018744:DNA, Plant; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D009195:Peroxidase; D011494:Protein Kinases; D003851:Deoxyribonucleases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases; C023911:pectate lyase