title: Autonomic symptoms during childhood partial epileptic seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze systematically the occurrence and age dependence as well as the localizing and lateralizing value of ictal autonomic symptoms (ASs) during childhood partial epilepsies and to compare our results with those of earlier adult studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred fourteen video-recorded seizures of 100 consecutive children 12 years or younger with partial epilepsy and seizure-free postoperative outcome were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients produced at least one AS; 43 (70%) of 61 with temporal and 17 (44%) of 39 with extratemporal lobe epilepsy (p=0.012). Apnea/bradypnea occurred more frequently in younger children (p<0.01), whereas the presence of other ASs was neither age nor gender related. Postictal coughing (p<0.01) and epigastric aura (p<0.05) localized to the temporal lobe, whereas no ASs lateralized to the seizure-onset zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that ASs are common in childhood focal epilepsies, appearing in infants and young children, too. As in adults, childhood central autonomic networks might have a close connection to temporal lobe structures but do not lateralize the seizure-onset zone. To our knowledge, this is the first study comprehensively assessing ASs in childhood epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsie-Zentrum Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogarasi
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janszky
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuxhorn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005483:Flushing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D014743:Videotape Recording