title: Hitting the vault board: implications for vaulting take-off--a preliminary investigation.
abstract: Gymnastics vaulting relies on a specialized take-off board for propulsion during the take-off phase of the vault. There is little information on the vault board and its behaviour. The aim of this study was to characterize the behaviour of the vault board during handspring drill take-offs of young male gymnasts (n = 36). The side of the top surface of the vault board and the wooden base were marked with three reflective markers, placed at the end of the vault board nearest the vault table and the centres of the two rearmost coil springs. The vault board surface was divided into two areas, rear and middle, based on marker location. The gymnasts' groups were determined from the location of the gymnast's lateral malleolus at vault board contact. Landings with the malleolus directly above or behind the rearmost marker were considered rear landings; landings with the malleolus forward of the rearmost marker were considered middle landings. Marker movements were automatically digitized and the right malleolus was hand digitized at 120 Hz. The maximum vertical displacement, vertical deflection time, and vertical velocity at take-off of the vault board markers did not differ statistically between board contact groups (all p > 0.05). The lateral malleolus velocity components also did not differ between board contact groups. Some low to moderately strong correlations were observed between the various marker displacements, durations and take-off velocities. Modest correlations were obtained between board markers and right malleolus velocities. The results indicate that foot contact on the vault board, as defined here, did not result in differences in board marker behaviour or right lateral malleolus velocities. This information does not support the idea that vault board contacts at the rear of the vault board are worse than contacts near the middle of the vault board. More research is needed to ascertain the role of the vault board's vibration characteristics to whole body actions that are observed in the subsequent preflight phase.
authors.affiliation: Sports Biomechanics and Engineering, US Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, USA.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coventry
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014732:Vibration