title: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 and epidermal growth factor receptor: critical regulators of beta-defensins during Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: Host-pathogen interactions that allow Helicobacter pylori to survive and persist in the stomach of susceptible individuals remain unclear. Human beta-defensins (hBDs), epithelial-derived antimicrobial peptides are critical components of host-defense at mucosal surfaces. The role of H. pylori-mediated NF-kappaB and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation on beta-defensin expression was investigated. Transient transfection studies utilizing beta-defensin promoter constructs were conducted in gastric cells with contribution of individual signaling events evaluated by the addition of specific inhibitors, small interference nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) RNA or plasmids encoding Vaccinia virus proteins that interrupt interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signaling. The role of individual MAPK pathways was further delineated in HEK-293 cells expressing conditional MAPK mutants. We found hBD2 expression exclusively dependent on the presence of the bacterial cag pathogenicity island, with NOD1 a critical host sensor. Impairment of murinebeta-defensin 4 (an orthologue of hBD2) expression in NOD1-deficient mice 7-days post-infection further confirmed the role of this cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptor in eliciting host innate immunity. In contrast to hBD2, hBD3 expression was NOD1-independent but EGFR and ERK pathway-dependent. Importantly, Toll-like receptor signaling was not implicated in H. pylori-mediated hBD2 and hBD3 gene expression. The divergent signaling events governing hBD2 and hBD3 expression suggest temporal functional variation, such that hBD2 may contribute to antimicrobial barrier function during the inflammatory phase with hBD3 playing a greater role during the repair, wound healing phase of infection.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guildford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Parjeet K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Boughan
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Argent
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Body-Malapel
authors.forename: Jong-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Katie E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ewings
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bowie
authors.forename: Shao Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Ole E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Manzo
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.forename: Nigel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Atherton
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bajaj-Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C089765:NUBP1 protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D023083:beta-Defensins; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases