title: Abnormalities of thalamic activation and cognition in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate relationships among structure, functional activation, and cognitive deficits related to the thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six schizophrenia subjects and 28 healthy comparison subjects matched by age, gender, race, and parental socioeconomic status underwent structural and functional MRI while performing a series of memory tasks, including an N-back task (working memory), intentional memorization of a series of pictures or words (episodic encoding), and a yes/no recognition task. Functional activation magnitudes in seven regions of interest within the thalamic complex, as defined by anatomical and functional criteria, were computed for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants with schizophrenia exhibited decreased activation within the whole thalamus, the anterior nuclei, and the medial dorsal nucleus. These nuclei overlap with subregions of the thalamic surface that the authors previously reported to exhibit morphological abnormalities in schizophrenia. However, there were no significant correlations between specific dimensions of thalamic shape variation (i.e., eigenvectors) and the activation patterns within thalamic regions of interest. Better performance on the working memory task among individuals with schizophrenia was significantly associated with increased activation in the anterior nuclei, the centromedian nucleus, the pulvinar, and the ventrolateral nuclei.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that there are limited relationships between morphological and functional abnormalities of the thalamus in schizophrenia subjects and highlight the importance of investigating relationships between brain structure and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Csernansky
authors.forename: Mokhtar H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gado
authors.forename: Deanna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D020645:Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*