title: Tyzzer's disease in free-living cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in Maryland.
abstract: Complement-fixing (CF) antibody to Bacillus piliformis antigen was found in 9 of 14 (64%) serum samples obtained from cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) killed in the wild. CF antibody was not present in the serum of 8 cottontail rabbits trapped as juveniles in the same geographic areas and held in captivity for 4 years. Sero-negative cottontail rabbits died acutely with lesions typical of Tyzzer's disease following the intragastric administration of 10(3.8) ELD50 of B. piliformis spores. The possible influence of Tyzzer's disease upon the cyclic population pattern of cottontail rabbits in the wild is discussed. A hypothesis is presented that B. piliformis spores passed in the feces of diseased wild animals could contaminate pastures, hay and grain, and thereby serve as sources of infection to other animals.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Pathology Section, Veterinary Resources Branch, Division of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20014, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ganaway
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McReynolds
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D001407:Bacillus / Q000276:immunology*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011817:Rabbits / Q000382:microbiology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013171:Spores, Bacterial
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial