title: Focus on lower risk of tardive dyskinesia with atypical antipsychotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is one of the most serious iatrogenic neurological complications of the first-generation antipsychotics. Identifying the risk factors for TD is important to minimize the risk of this potentially irreversible movement disorder in susceptible populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was conducted for the literature on risk factors for TD with the first-generation antipsychotics, as well as the emerging literature of the lower risk of TD with the second-generation antipsychotics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several demographic, phenomenological, comorbidities and treatment variables have been reported to be associated with higher risk of TD. On the other hand, significantly lower rates of TD have been reported with the second-generation atypical antipsychotics, even in high risk groups such as the elderly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of the second-generation antipsychotics as first-line treatment of psychosis appears to have lowered the overall prevalence of acute movement disorders as well as TD, and have led them to become the standard of care in part because of their safer extrapyramidal profiles.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Nasrallah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents