title: Failure of cerebrospinal fluid shunts: part II: overdrainage, loculation, and abdominal complications.
abstract: Complications from cerebrospinal fluid shunts are common and can present with a variety of signs and symptoms. In this second part of a two-part review, shunt overdrainage, loculation of the ventricular system in patients with shunts, and abdominal complications related to ventriculoperitoneal shunts are discussed. Familiarity with these types of shunt failure is essential for neurologists and pediatricians because they are often the first to evaluate and triage these children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Browd
authors.forename: Oren N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Gottfried
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ragel
authors.forename: John R W
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kestle
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D014695:Cerebral Ventriculography; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D019585:Intracranial Hypotension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000295:instrumentation