title: Influence of age on outcome of psychological treatments in first-episode psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychological treatments have been shown to be effective in patients with psychosis. However, the studies published to date have included participants across wide age ranges, so few conclusions can be reached about the effectiveness of such treatments in relation to age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate outcomes by age in a randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), supportive counselling and treatment as usual.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were evaluated in terms of symptoms, social functioning, insight and therapeutic alliance according to age at 3- and 18-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Younger participants responded better to supportive counselling than to treatment as usual and CBTover 3 months. Older participants responded better to CBT than to supportive counselling over 18 months. Younger participants showed a greater increase in insight after CBT compared with treatment as usual and supportive counselling, and were more difficult to engage in therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young people may have different needs with regard to engagement in psychological treatments. Treatment providers need to take age-specific factors into account.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Rutherford Rutherford House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester M15 6SZ, UK. gillian.haddock@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: Shôn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bentall
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarrier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents