title: Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in otitis media with effusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) plays a role in the development of otitis media with effusion (OME).
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental model of endotoxin-induced OME was used in healthy BALB/c mice. Solutions of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin were injected into the middle ears of the mice, and COX-2 expression in the middle ears was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis by RT-PCR showed that COX-2 expression in the middle ear increased in a dose-dependent fashion after injection of endotoxin. ISH demonstrated that COX-2 had distinct expression patterns in the epithelium of middle ears with endotoxin-induced OME. COX-2 expression, however, was not detected in normal middle ears.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 expression may be one factor contributing to the development of OME.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujigiwa
authors.forename: Yorihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Orita
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshinobu
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haginomori
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orita
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000201:enzymology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2