title: [Tobacco smoking in patients with hyperthyroidism].
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of cigarette smoking in hyperthyroidism patients. The study group included patients with Graves-Basedow disease (GB): n = 317 (32.9%), patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO): n = 108 (11.2%), patients with toxic nodular goiter (TNG) n = 511 (53%) and 28 (2.9%) patients with toxic adenoma (TA). Evaluation of tabacco smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was performed on the base of questionnaire acording to Fagerström test. The comparison of GO and GB indicate increased tabacco smoking in GO (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.22-0.59). The frequencies of tacacco smoking displayed significantly increased in GB and TNG patients (OR=0.39; 95%CI: 0.28-0.56). Further analys of patients with GO and TA presented statistcal significance in group of smoking and non-smoking (OR=0.26; 95%CI: 0,073-0,95). In other cases we didn't found a significant influence of tobacco smoking on thyroid disease. The effect of smoking was more pronounced in Graves' patients (particulary in the patients with GO) than in other thyroid patients. Smoking among patients with thyroid disease (GO and GB disease) is associated with developing of anxiety and fright, depression and problems with social relations sphere.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Endokrynologii, Przemiany Materii i Chorób Wewnetrznych Akademii Medycznej w Poznaniu.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Warmuz-Stangierska
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czarnywojtek
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Florek
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rabska-Pietrzak
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sawicka
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sowiński
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*