title: The effect of aspirin and warfarin therapy in trabeculectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of patients on antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy (APACT) in glaucoma surgery currently has no specific recommendations. We aimed to establish the risk of haemorrhagic complications and surgical outcome in patients on APACT in glaucoma surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively examined 367 consecutive trabeculectomies performed between 1994 and 1998. Preoperatively 60 (16.4%) patients were on APACT (55 on aspirin and five on warfarin). The incidence of hyphaema and haemorrhagic complications between patients with and without APACT was documented. Surgical success was defined in two categories as an intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 mmHg and an IOP <16 mmHg 2 years following trabeculectomy with and without antiglaucoma medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the patients on aspirin suffered significant intra or postoperative haemorrhage. Aspirin was associated with a significantly higher risk of hyphaema (P=0.0015) but this was not found to significantly affect IOP control at 2 years. Patients on warfarin suffered haemorrhagic complications and trabeculectomy failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aspirin appears to be safe to continue with during trabeculectomy. Patients on aspirin have an increased risk of hyphaema following trabeculectomy. This however does not appear to affect surgical outcome. Warfarinised patients are at risk of serious bleeding complications. They require careful monitoring pre- and postoperatively and are at risk of trabeculectomy failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cobb
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chadha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002648:Child; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006988:Hyphema / Q000209:etiology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin