title: Pigtail catheters used for percutaneous fluid drainage: comparison of performance characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the performance characteristics of various single-lumen all-purpose pigtail drainage catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following parameters were compared: flow rates between catheters of the same size, whether changing the fluid viscosity has any effect on catheter comparisons, the effect on flow of leaving an open three-way stopcock in the drainage pathway, the tendency of the catheters to kink, and catheter patency after kinking, as measured according to flow. All-purpose 8.0-, 8.3-, and 8.5-F (collectively referred to as 8-F); 10.0-, 10.2-, and 10.3-F (collectively referred to as 10-F); and 12.0-F pigtail drainage catheters from three manufacturers were evaluated. Data were compared by using two-tailed t tests after normal distributions were confirmed. P < .05 was considered to represent a significant difference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At comparison of the 8-F catheters, the C.R. Bard catheters demonstrated better flow rates than the Cook and Boston Scientific devices. Among the 10-F catheters, there were no significant differences in the flow rates of fluid with viscosity equivalent to that of water between the C.R. Bard and Boston Scientific catheters; however, both these catheter types demonstrated significantly (P < .05) better flow rates than the Cook devices. Among the 12-F catheters, the C.R. Bard catheters demonstrated significantly (P < .05) better flow rates than the other two catheter types. Changing the fluid viscosity caused no changes in comparison results. In all catheter groups, the presence of a stopcock significantly (P < .05) impaired flow. None of the evaluated catheters demonstrated a clear advantage in terms of patency or susceptibility to kinking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At comparison of the in vitro performances of catheters from different manufacturers, the C.R. Bard 8.0-F and Cook 10.2-F catheters had comparable flow rates, and flow rates through the C.R. Bard and Boston Scientific 10.0-F catheters were comparable to flow rates through the Cook and Boston Scientific 12.0-F catheters. Varying viscosity had no effect on comparisons of catheter flow rates; however, a stopcock between the vacuum source and the catheter was noted to impair flow rates in all brands and sizes of evaluated catheters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA. doug@machas.net
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Macha
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Rendon C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012212:Rheology