VEGF-targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma: active drugs and active choices.
Several molecular pathways are implicated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis, including von Hippel--Lindau (VHL) gene inactivation leading to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Therapeutic targeting of VEGF and related pathways has been undertaken in metastatic RCC. Substantial clinical activity has been reported for multiple agents, leading to several clinical questions regarding the optimal use of these agents. The biology, clinical results, and future considerations regarding VEGF-targeted agents in RCC are presented in this article.
Rini
Brian I
BI
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue/Desk R35, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. rinib2@ccf.org
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077784:Axitinib; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007191:Indazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077210:Sunitinib; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D007191:Indazoles; D007211:Indoles; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009536:Niacinamide; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000077157:Sorafenib; D000077784:Axitinib; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077210:Sunitinib