title: Intrapleural topical application of cisplatin with the surgical carrier Vivostat increases the local drug concentration in an immune-competent rat model with malignant pleuromesothelioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate whether intrapleural topical application of cisplatin with a surgical carrier has a prolonged local tissue level in comparison with cisplatin solution while reducing systemic toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty immune-competent Fischer rats were inoculated with 10(6) mesothelioma cells. Ten days later, left pneumonectomy with tumor debulking was performed. Twenty animals underwent local application of cisplatin solution (100 mg/m2), whereas the same quantity of cisplatin was topically applied as a gel with the Vivostat (Vivolution) system in 20 other animals. In each group 5 subgroups of 4 animals were defined according to the harvesting time of blood and tissue samples (2, 4, 24, and 72 hours and 1 week) after local therapy. Platinum concentrations in serum and tissue and systemic toxicity were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Platinum concentrations in tissue were significantly higher in the gel group (group 1) than in the solution group (group 2) at 1, 3, and 7 days after therapy (1510, 1224, and 1069 pg/mg for group 1 vs 598, 382, and 287 pg/mg for group 2; P = .007, P = .005, and P = .0002, respectively). Laboratory findings showed renal insufficiency in the animals of the solution group at 1 week, with values of 98 mmol/L versus 7.7 mmol/L for urea and 410 mumol/L versus 43 mumol/L for creatinine (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively), which was confirmed by means of pathologic analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrapleural administration of cisplatin with the carrier Vivostat significantly provides sustained higher platinum concentrations up to 1 week in tissue in comparison with application of cisplatin solution without conferring systemic toxicity in this model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. didier.lardinois@usz.ch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lardinois
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Opitz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rentsch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Latkoczy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rousson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bodis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stahel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weder
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D007121:Immunocompetence; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010984:Platinum / Q000032:analysis; D010994:Pleura; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D010984:Platinum; D002945:Cisplatin