title: Within- and among-clutch variation of organohalogenated contaminants in eggs of great tits (Parus major).
abstract: In this study we investigated the variation of organohalogenated compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), within and among clutches of a small insectivorous songbird, the great tit (Parus major), and determined whether egg laying order affects the concentrations of these compounds. PCBs were the major organohalogenated contaminants in the eggs of great tits (mean 4778 ng/g lipid weight), while PBDEs (mean 204 ng/g lipid weight) and DDTs (mean 601 ng/g lipid weight) were found at much lower concentrations. Within-clutch variability of PCBs, PBDEs, and DDTs residues in the egg samples was small (7%, 3%, and 22%, respectively) compared to among-clutch variability (93%, 97%, and 78%, respectively). The small within-clutch variability may be in part related to the small home range of great tits and low spatial heterogeneity of the contaminants. We found no laying order effects on the concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs, and DDTs. Our results show that random egg samples of great tits are suitable as a biomonitoring tool for contamination with persistent organohalogenated pollutants in terrestrial environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. evi.vandensteen@ua.ac.be <evi.vandensteen@ua.ac.be>
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van den Steen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dauwe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covaci
authors.forename: V L B
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Jaspers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinxten
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000032:analysis*; D007313:Insecta; D046109:Passeriformes; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; D003634:DDT; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls