title: [An up date on pulmonary hypertension related to systemic sclerosis].
abstract: Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a chronic, progressive connective tissue disease characterized by typical skin changes and internal organ involvement. Arterial pulmonary hypertension is found in approximately 10-15% of patients with systemic sclerosis, and is considered as one of the most fatal complications of the disease. When pulmonary hypertension secondary to scleroderma related interstitial lung disease, left-sided cardiac insufficiency and thrombo-embolic disease is also taken into account, the frequency of pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis may be as high as.50%. Recent investigations brought new information considering the pathogenesis of pulmoanry hypertension and allowed new therapeutic approches to be introduced. Early diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension is a key issue in clinical practice, but it is a challange in patients with systemic disease such as systemic sclerosis. Current review presents up to date information on the pathogenesis, early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension related to systemic sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Reumatologii i Chorób Wewnetrznych Akademii Medycznej w Białymstoku. otylia@amb.edu.pl
authors.forename: Otylia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kowal-Bielecka
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sulik
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sierakowski
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D045743:Scleroderma, Diffuse / Q000150:complications*