Levothyroxine treatment reduces thyroid size in children and adolescents with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.
BACKGROUND
The use of levothyroxine to reduce thyroid size in pediatric patients with goiter due to chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) remains controversial. In overtly hypothyroid patients, reductions in thyroid volume have been reported, whereas the effect in subclinically hypothyroid and euthyroid patients is less clear.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of levothyroxine treatment on thyroid size (determined with thyroid ultrasonography) in children and adolescents with AIT.


METHODS
This study included patients with AIT treated at a university hospital outpatient clinic between 1987 and 2004.


METHODS
Ninety children with AIT (73 girls and 17 boys, aged 6.1-17.7 yr) were included in the study.


METHODS
Intervention was treatment with levothyroxine for a median 2.8 yr (range 0.5-10.2).


METHODS
Change in thyroid volume sd score (SDS) during the study period was measured.


RESULTS
Median thyroid volume SDS was reduced in patients euthyroid (-0.4 SDS, P < 0.001), subclinically hypothyroid (-1.4 SDS, P < 0.001), and overtly hypothyroid (-1.8 SDS, P < 0.002) at diagnosis of AIT. Both hypothyroid and euthyroid patients with goiter (thyroid volume > 2.0 SDS) at baseline reduced their median thyroid volume SDS (-1.6 and -0.9, respectively, P < 0.001). Hypothyroid patients without goiter also reduced median thyroid volume SDS (-1.2, P < 0.004), whereas no change was noticed in euthyroid children without goiter.


CONCLUSIONS
Levothyroxine treatment is effective in reducing thyroid volume in pediatric patients and is suggested in treatment of goiter caused by AIT, especially in cases of hypothyroid, but also in euthyroid children.
Svensson
Johan
J
Department of Pediatrics, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. johan.svensson@med.lu.se
Ericsson
Ulla-Britt
UB
Nilsson
Paul
P
Olsson
Catherine
C
Jonsson
Björn
B
Lindberg
Bengt
B
Ivarsson
Sten-A
SA
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006042:Goiter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography
D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine