title: [The effects of psychosocial interventions to improve stress and coping in patients with breast cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine stress, coping, and immune response effects of a psychosocial intervention program based on the PNI model and Stress-Appraisal-Coping for Korean patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants who had survived breast cancer and lived in Wonju city and the surrounding area were assigned to an intervention group (N=21) or a control group (N=18). We conducted a 12-week intervention, 2 hours a day weekly, and measured the variables at baseline, six and twelve weeks later. Dependent variables are: stress, anxiety-depression and anger, and immune response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the psychosocial intervention program reported significantly less stress perception (U=31.500, p=.023), more problem solving ability and less problem avoidance in coping (U=20.500, p= .013; U=29.500, p=.040), and less anxiety-depression (U=22.000, p=.023). No difference, however, was found in anger and immune responses between the two groups. Intervention effects were evident at week 6 and 12 for anxiety-depression, and at week 6 for problem avoidance in coping, the same time that NK cell counts and the T8 decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested positive effects of a psychosocial intervention program. However, the results are inconclusive due to the small sample.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Kangwon-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Cho Ja
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hea Kung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Duck Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Bo Hwan
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*