title: [Effects of exposure to tobacco smoke on the level of low-molecular proteins in human amniotic fluid in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios or premature rapture of the membranes].
abstract: The purpose of the study was to estimate the concentration of the following proteins: metallothionein, beta-2-microglobuline (BMG), interleukin 6 (II-6) in the amniotic fluid of smoking women during their pregnancy complicated by idiopathic oligohydramnios or premature rupture if the membranes (PROM). The material for the study was obtained from amniotic fluid of 30 patients, complicated by oligohydramnios, during 20-42 weeks of their pregnancy. PROM was diagnosed in 15 patients. The degree of exposure to tobacco smoke was estimated on the basis of cotinine concentration measured in the serum of patients using ELISA method (Serex). In the amniotic fluid metallothionein, BMG and 11-6 were measured with "Cd/hem assay" method using 109Cd, immunoenzyme assay IMx and ELISA method (R&D) respectively. The results marked were divided into two groups according to gestational age: group A (20-30 weeks of gestation) and group B (31-42 weeks of gestation). A higher concentration of MT, BMG and 11-6 was determined in the earlier stage of pregnancy (group A), however, the highest concentration was measured in the group of women with idiopathic oligohydramnios. A positive correlation between concentrations of proteins MT/BMG was found in both groups of women (PROM r=0.877, idiopathic oligohydramnios r=0.979); MT/II-6 (PROM r=0.844, idiopathic oligohydramnios r=-0.694); BMG/II-6 (PROM r=0.839, idiopathic oligohydramnios r=0.652). In both groups, high correlation rates were observed in MT/Cd; (PROM r=0,79, oligohydramnios r=0.89). Contrasting correlations were found between MT and concentrations of Zn and Cu. The correlation rate between MT and Cu was as follows: in PROM r=-0.80, in oligohydramnios r=0.81, whereas the correlation rates between MT and Zn were: in PROM r=0.71, in oligohydramnios r=-0.77. The determination of metallothionein, beta-2 microglobuline and II-6 concentrations in the amniotic fluid can be useful in the assessment of the placenta functions and fetal growth in the conditions of exposure to tobacco smoke. The correlation of metallotionein with copper and zinc ion concentration has confirmed a lower access of these metals to fetal ovum in the conditions of exposure to tobacco smoke xenobiotics different in PROM and idiopathic oligohydramnios cases.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Biomedycznych Analiz Srodowiskowych, Pracownia Badań nad Metalotioneina, Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu. hm@tox.am.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Milnerowicz
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Darul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D008668:Metallothionein