title: A 12-year follow-up study of psychiatric symptomatology among cocaine-dependent men.
abstract: This prospective longitudinal study examines patterns of psychiatric symptomatology among men admitted to treatment for cocaine dependence in 1988-1989. Study participants were interviewed at treatment intake, and at 1 year, 2 years and 12 years after treatment. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-58 (SCL) and Natural History Interview were administered at the 4 time points. Of the 266 study participants interviewed at the 12-year follow-up, 138 (52%) had been cocaine abstinent for 5 years or more. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed changes in SCL scores over time for cocaine-abstinent and non-abstinent men. Both groups had similarly high mean SCL scores at treatment intake, and reductions in symptom severity 1 year after treatment. By 12-year follow-up, the abstinent group reported significantly lower SCL scores than the non-abstinent group on 4 of the 5 symptom measures. Additionally, cocaine-abstinent men reported lower rates of depressive and psychotic disorders, and lower use of psychopharmacologic and inpatient treatment than non-abstinent men. These findings suggest that severe psychiatric symptomatology persists among individuals unable to achieve a stable recovery from cocaine dependence.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. dherbeck@ucla.edu <dherbeck@ucla.edu>
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herbeck
authors.forename: Yih-Ing
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Hser
authors.forename: Ake T H
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: M Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paredes
mesh_terms: D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors