title: Short-term improvement in submaximal exercise capacity by optimized therapy with ACE inhibitors and beta blockers in heart failure patients is associated with restoration of peripheral endothelial function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Improved exercise capacity in chronic heart failure (CHF) has been attributed to restoration of endothelial function. ACE inhibitors as well as beta blockers have previously been shown to enhance endothelial function and exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to determine whether short-term improvement in submaximal exercise capacity induced by optimized therapy with ACE inhibitors in combination with beta blockers is associated with restoration of endothelial function in CHF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients with CHF were evaluated: six-minute walk test, NYHA class, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), big Endothelin-1 (bigET-1) and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery were assessed at baseline and after a 3-month period of optimized neurohormonal therapy. Two groups were formed retrospectively based on the changes in submaximal exercise capacity (responders and non-responders).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimization of neurohormonal therapy was comparable between groups. Responders (n=17) revealed a significant increase in walking distance (304+/-109 to 441+/-75 m; p<0.01), which was paralleled by a decrease in NYHA class (2.7+/-0.6 to 2.0+/-0.4; p<0.01), BNP (484+/-454 to 243+/-197 pg/ml; p<0.01), and bigET-1 (2.0+/-0.9 vs. 1.5+/-0.6 fmol/ml; p=0.04). By contrast, the latter variables did not change in non-responders. Improvement in functional capacity in responders was associated with an increase in FMD (8.2+/-3.9% to 11.0+/-5.6%; p<0.05). Increments in FMD were directly correlated with increases in walking distance (r=0.34; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term improvement of submaximal exercise capacity in CHF patients following optimized therapy with ACE inhibitors and beta blockers is associated with restoration of endothelial function in conduit arteries.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Division of Cardiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Gerhard.Poelzl@uklibk.ac.at
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poelzl
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lackner
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huegel
authors.forename: Hannes F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Alber
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.forename: Severin P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schwarzacher
authors.forename: Otmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pachinger
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Weidinger
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors