title: Preconceptional fasting of fathers alters serum glucose in offspring of mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maternal nutrition has long-term effects on offspring characteristics. Similar effects mediated through fathers have not been tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outbred Swiss male mice were fasted one or six times 1 to 4 wk before mating. Offspring were killed at age intervals of 4 to 10 wk and their sera were analyzed for glucose, corticosterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1. Statistical linear mixed effects models were used to determine treatment (paternal diet restriction versus control) differences and possible effects of covariates, including sex, litter membership, and litter size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paternal food deprivation resulted in a consistent decrease in average serum glucose in male and female offspring. Significant changes in corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 were found for some groups. The results indicated a male-mediated transgenerational effect on metabolism- and growth-related parameters, in particular glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effects of paternal nutritional experiences on offspring metabolism, if confirmed, would be novel and could have far-reaching implications in the context of transgenerational effects on chronic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA. andersol@mail.ncifcrf.gov
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riffle
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Travlos
authors.forename: Mariusz S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lubomirski
authors.forename: W Gregory
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Alvord
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003345:Corticosterone