title: Laparoscopic assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in ectopic kidneys: two different techniques.
abstract: Two patients presented with calculi in ectopic kidneys. Complete clearance of calculi was achieved by laparoscopic assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), by different but related techniques. In one patient with prior history of open pyelolithotomy, the anterior surface of the kidney was exposed by mobilizing the overlying sigmoid colon laparoscopically and the percutaneous tract was established into the desired calyx under combined laparoscopic and fluoroscopic control. In the second patient, the tract was established between the major mesenteric vessels without any mobilization of the bowel. Herein, we outline the nuances of these two related techniques, and the indications and contraindications for their use for laparoscopic assisted PCNL in ectopic kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 110 029, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Narmada P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Monish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008096:Lithotripsy; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography