title: The influence of percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus on left ventricular size and function: a prospective study using two- and three-dimensional echocardiography and measurements of serum natriuretic peptides.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the effect of percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Today, most PDAs are closed percutaneously. Little is known, however, about hemodynamic changes after the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 37 children (ages 0.6 to 10.6 years) taken to the catheterization laboratory for percutaneous PDA closure, the PDA was closed in 33. Left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions, volumes, and function were examined by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography and serum concentrations of natriuretic peptides measured before PDA closure, on the following day, and 6 months thereafter. Control subjects comprised 36 healthy children of comparable ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, LV diastolic diameter measured >+2 SD in 5 of 33 patients. In 3D echocardiography, a median LV diastolic volume measured 54.0 ml/m2 in the control subjects and 58.4 ml/m2 (p < 0.05) in the PDA group before closure and 57.2 ml/m2 (p = NS) 6 months after closure. A median N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) concentration measured 72 ng/l in the control group and 141 ng/l in the PDA group before closure (p = 0.001) and 78.5 ng/l (p = NS) 6 months after closure. Patients differed from control subjects in indices of LV systolic and diastolic function at baseline. By the end of follow-up, all these differences had disappeared. Even in the subgroup of patients with normal-sized LV at baseline, the LV diastolic volume decreased significantly during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in LV volume and function caused by PDA disappear by 6 months after percutaneous closure. Even the children with normal-sized LV benefit from the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. anneli.eerola@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eerola
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: Talvikki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boldt
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pihkala
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D045265:Natriuretic Peptides