title: Comparison of butorphanol and thiopentone vs fentanyl and thiopentone for laryngeal mask airway insertion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion conditions using a combination of butorphanol and thiopentone vs fentanyl and thiopentone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, and double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating theater.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred four females, with American Society of Anesthesiologists grades I and II, diagnosed with carcinoma cervix scheduled for intracavitary implant placement, were recruited into the study. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 52 each.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia was induced with butorphanol (30 microg kg(-1)) and thiopentone in group B and fentanyl (1.5 microg kg(-1)) and thiopentone in group F, followed by LMA insertion. Anesthesia was maintained with O2, N2O, and isoflurane with spontaneous ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six variables were noted on a 3-point scale: jaw relaxation (nil/slight/gross), ease of insertion (easy/difficult/impossible), swallowing (nil/slight/gross), coughing/gagging (nil/slight/gross), limb/head movement (nil/slight/gross), and laryngospasm (nil/slight/gross). Postoperatively, sedation score was assessed on a 4-point scale at 1/2 hour, 1 hour, and 2 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 groups were demographically similar. Incidence of full jaw relaxation at first attempt was significantly higher in group B vs F (48 vs 35 patients, P = 0.003). Insertion was easy in 48 vs 37 patients in group B and F, respectively (P = 0.017). The incidence of swallowing, patient movements, and laryngospasm was comparable among the groups. Coughing/gagging was significantly lower in group B (P = 0.008). Significantly more patients were sedated in group B at 1/2 hour (P = 0.010) and 1 hour (P = 0.000). None of the patients were deeply sedated at 1 hour. At 2 hours, all patients were awake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of butorphanol and thiopentone as induction agents produced excellent LMA insertion conditions compared to fentanyl and thiopentone (98% vs 86% success rate with 92% vs 71% easy insertion).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh-160012, India.
authors.forename: Pramila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chari
authors.forename: Babita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ghai
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002077:Butorphanol; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008875:Middle Aged; D013874:Thiopental; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D013874:Thiopental; D002077:Butorphanol; D005283:Fentanyl