title: Running velocities and heart rates at fixed blood lactate concentrations in elite soccer players.
abstract: This study was undertaken to examine the endurance performance of elite soccer players, according to age and playing position. A total of 197 male soccer players participated in this study. Each player performed exercise tests on the treadmill that included 3-minute runs and 30-second blood sampling intervals. During these tests, running speeds at the first and second stages were 10 km/hr -1 and 12 km/hr -1, respectively. When these tests were completed, running speed was increased by 1 km/hr every 3 minutes until the runner reached exhaustion. Blood samples were analyzed immediately by means of an automated lactate analyzer. Heart rate was monitored continuously at 5-second intervals. Running velocities and heart rates at 2-mmol/L -1, 2.5-mmol/L -1, 3-mmol/L -1, and 4-mmol/L -1 blood lactate concentrations were calculated with use of the spline function. Analysis of variance was used to analyze data to determine the differences between playing positions (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards) and age groups (older than 30 years of age, between 25 and 29 years old, between 20 and 24 years old, and 19 years old and younger). Statistical significance was set at P<.01. No significant differences were revealed between defenders, midfielders, and forwards regarding running velocities and heart rates and their correlation with specified lactate concentrations. Goalkeepers demonstrated lower endurance performance than players in the other playing positions (P<.001). Running velocities corresponding to all lactate concentrations showed no significant differences in all age groups, but heart rates in soccer players older than 30 years of age were significantly lower than those of players in other age groups (P<.01). Results of this study suggest that the endurance performance level of professional players is similar for players in all positions, except for goalkeepers, and that endurance performance is not adversely affected when a person's age increases beyond 30 years of age.
authors.affiliation: Ankara University, School of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rustu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guner
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kunduracioglu
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ulkar
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ergen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid