title: Replication-dependent fitness recovery of Human immunodeficiency virus 1 harbouring mutations of Asn17 of the nucleocapsid protein.
abstract: The genetic stability of attenuated Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) variants harbouring mutations (Gly or Lys) of Asn17, the protease-cleavage site of the proximal zinc finger of the nucleocapsid protein, was studied. All possible codons for the Gly mutants were tested as starting sequences. Long-term replication assays revealed that the mutants were unstable; mutations of Gly17 to Arg, Ala, Ser and Cys, as well as a Lys17Asn reversion, were observed. Replication kinetic assays in H9 cells revealed that the replication of Ala, Ser and Arg mutants was improved substantially compared with the Gly variant; the infectivity of Ala17 and Ser17 viruses was equal to, and that of Arg17 was almost equal to, the infectivity of the wild-type virus. Kinetic analysis of the cleavage of oligopeptides representing the corresponding nucleocapsid-cleavage sites revealed that all mutations improved cleavability, in good agreement with the previously proposed role of nucleocapsid cleavage in HIV-1 replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Debrecen University, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary.|National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tözsér
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shulenin
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
authors.forename: Carlton J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oroszlan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D015683:Gene Products, gag; C071884:NCP7 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus