title: Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules after computed tomography--guided bronchoscopic metallic coil marking.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To localize small and deeply situated pulmonary nodules during thoracoscopy with roentgenographic fluoroscopy, we developed a marking procedure that uses a metallic coil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the removal of 11 pulmonary lesions. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic metallic coil marking was performed with an ultrathin bronchoscope, with simulation by means of virtual bronchoscopy. During thoracoscopy, a C-arm-shaped roentgenographic fluoroscope was used to detect the radiopaque nodules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The marking procedure took 15 to 60 minutes from insertion to removal of the bronchoscope. There were no complications from the marking, and all 11 nodules were easily localized by means of thoracoscopy. The metallic coil showed the nodules on the fluoroscopic monitor, which aided in nodule manipulation. Nodules were completely resected under thoracoscopic guidance, except in one case in which a minithoracotomy was performed at an early stage of the trial. The pathologic diagnosis was primary adenocarcinoma in 9 patients, pulmonary metastasis from colon cancer in 1 patient, and pulmonary lymph node in 1 patient. Two cases of bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma with an invasive component and a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma were converted to open thoracotomy to perform curative lobectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study computed tomography-guided transbronchial metallic coil marking with an ultrathin bronchoscope with virtual bronchoscopic simulation might be a useful method for the fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological and Regenerative Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kenzaki
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakiyama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tangoku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed