title: Serum levels of transforming growth factor beta1 are significantly correlated with venous invasion in patients with gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The significance of serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in the development of gastric cancer is unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether serum TGF-beta1 correlated with the clinicopathological findings of patients with gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in the serum of 275 gastric cancer patients and 275 gender- and age-matched healthy controls were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercially available kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean level of serum TGF-beta1 of gastric cancer patients (15.9 +/- 5.9 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that (13.9 +/- 7.4 ng/mL) of healthy controls (P < 0.01). The odds ratio for the subjects in the highest quartile (16.7 ng/mL or more) was 4.03 (95% confidence interval, 2.14-7.58), as compared with that for the subjects in the lowest quartile (0-9.5 ng/mL). Patients with venous invasion compared to those without venous invasion had significantly elevated serum TGF-beta1 (17.3 +/- 7.2 vs 15.0 +/- 5.1 ng/mL; P = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups categorized by histological type, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. Logistical regression analysis showed that venous invasion was significantly correlated with elevated serum TGF-beta1 levels (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed that an elevated serum TGF-beta1 level may be significantly correlated with venous invasion in gastric cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yingsong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagyu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1