title: Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, Survivin, DD3 and PCGEM1 messenger RNA in archival prostate carcinoma tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The wide spectrum of biological behavior displayed by prostate cancer (PCa) warrants investigation of potential PCa-specific biomarkers that could identify more aggressive tumor types and therefore provide prognostic value. Upregulation of expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), Survivin, DD3 and PCGEM1 mRNAs in PCa lesions has recently been described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of detection of over-expression of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostatectomy tissue from 26 patients with PCa (Gleason score 3-9, mean 7) and 14 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for semiquantitative transcript levels of hTERT, Survivin, DD3 and PCGEM1. In addition, 25 matched normal (MN) tissue samples were examined. The expression of biomarker mRNA relative to b2-microglobulin mRNA was determined using AlphaImager 2200 data analysis software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biomarkers had sensitivities ranging from 91% to 100%. Clinical specificities evaluated with the BPH tissue were the following: hTERT mRNA (93%), DD3 mRNA (57%), Survivin (29%) and PCGEM1 (14%). Biomarker expressions were up to 13.5-fold higher in PCa tissue as compared to MN tissue. None of the tumor biomarkers showed a positive correlation with pathological stage and Gleason score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate potential utility of the hTERT mRNA and DD3 mRNA as diagnostic but not prognostic biomarkers for PCa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Western Ontario and Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bialkowska-Hobrzanska
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Driman
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Vimla
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Harry
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Razvi
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D000077022:Survivin; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C416084:PCGEM1 non-coding RNA, human; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D000077022:Survivin; C479341:prostate cancer antigen 3, human; D019098:Telomerase