Inflammation and infection in Parkinson's disease.
The hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is a specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). The cause of nigral dopaminergic neuronal cell death in PD and its underlying mechanisms remain elusive, however, involvement of inflammatory events has been postulated because inflammatory features have been described in the brain of PD patients. Some evidence also suggest that a possible deleterious effects of neuroinflammatory processes by infection in experimental models of neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest findings regarding inflammation in PD. Especially, we focused on the relationship between infection and PD.
Arai
H
H
Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Furuya
T
T
Mizuno
Y
Y
Mochizuki
H
H
D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000503:physiopathology; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D053471:Caspases, Initiator; D016923:Cell Death; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C101136:Casp4 protein, mouse; D020169:Caspases; D053471:Caspases, Initiator; D004298:Dopamine