title: Diagnosis and management of Candida of the nipple and breast.
abstract: Diagnosis and treatment of ductal and/or nipple candidiasis in breastfeeding women is complicated by the variety of symptoms women experience. The differential diagnosis includes candidiasis of the nipple, candidiasis of the breast, bacterial infection of either nipple or breast, and other less common problems such as Raynaud's syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment are based on history, physical examination, and presenting symptomatology because cultures of breast milk are often inconclusive. Differential diagnoses and treatment options are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences at UCSF, USA. wieners@obgyn.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiener
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples / Q000382:microbiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents