title: The decline of the photopic negative response (PhNR) in the rat after optic nerve transection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contribution to the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the electroretinogram (ERG) by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The PhNR was assessed longitudinally following optic nerve transection (ONTx).
  
  
  METHODS
  Photopic ERGs were recorded from each eye of an anesthetized (ketamine/xylazine, 60 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) Brown Norway rat using custom made electrodes (PT-IR Tef., A-M System Inc). ERGs were elicited using green Ganzfeld flashes (11.38 scd/m(2), 22.76 cds/m(2)) and a rod suppressing green-background (40 cd/m(2)). PhNRs were compared before and after optic nerves were transected. Cresyl violet stained retinal flatmounts were used to estimate cell loss in the ganglion cell layer 3 and 15 weeks after optic nerve transection. The pharmacological effect of 1.3 microM intravitreal TTX on the PhNR was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant loss (p <0.05) in the PhNR of 20, 36, 34, 35, 48, 48 and 56% for ONTx eye versus the contralateral eye, at post ONTx times of 24 h, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 15 weeks. B-wave amplitudes of ONTx eyes were not significantly different from the control eyes. In ONTx eyes, mean cell loss in the retinal ganglion cell layer was 27 and 55% at the 3 week and 15 week time periods. In the eyes with ONTx, the decline of PhNR amplitudes was correlated positively with RGC loss (r = 0.98; p < 0.01). Thirty minutes after intravitreal TTX injection, the PhNR was significantly reduced (57%, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a time-dependent decline in the PhNR after ONTx, as exemplified by a 35% reduction from 1-3 weeks, a 48% decline for 4-8 weeks and a 56% decline after 15 weeks. The correlation between the decline in the PhNR and retinal ganglion cell loss suggests that the PhNR depends on inner retina integrity and the PhNR may be important biological signal or detecting glaucomatous damage and the monitoring of RGC function changes in early glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Alcon Research Ltd., Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA. Bing.Li@alconlabs.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013779:Tetrodotoxin