title: Protective effect of naproxen (non-selective COX-inhibitor) or rofecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitor) on immobilization stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice.
abstract: Chronic stress precipitates many neuropsychiatric disorders and alters the various oxidative stress parameters in brain. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is reported to play an important role in pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including stroke and seizures. In the present study, we examined the effect of naproxen (non-selective COX-inhibitor having much potency towards COX-I isoform) or rofecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) in subchronic immobilization stress. Mice were subjected to immobilized stress for 6 h daily for a period of seven days. Naproxen (7 mg/kg, i.p.) or rofecoxib (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered daily for 7 days before challenging them to immobilization stress. Behavioral analysis revealed the hyperlocomotor activity and increased anxiety response. Subchronic stress decreased percent retention of memory and also caused hyperalgesia in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that chronic immobilization stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels and decreased the reduced glutathione and adrenal ascorbic acid levels. Chronic treatment with naproxen or rofecoxib significantly attenuated the immobilization stress-induced behavioral and biochemical alterations. These results suggested that the use of COX-inhibitors (naproxen or rofecoxib) could be a useful neuroprotective strategy in the treatment of stress.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014 India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dhir
authors.forename: Satyanarayana S V
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Padi
authors.forename: Pattipati S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Naidu
authors.forename: Shrinivas K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D009573:Nitrites; D020011:Protective Agents; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D009288:Naproxen; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid