title: Antibiotics to improve recovery following tonsillectomy: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if antibiotics improve recovery following tonsillectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register were searched using relevant search terms. Additional trials, if any, were retrieved by searching the references from all identified trials, reviews, correspondences, editorials, and conference proceedings. No language restriction was applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of trials in which antibiotic was administered as a study medication intraoperatively and/or postoperatively, in children or adults undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Only randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials attaining preset quality scores were included. Outcomes analyzed: 1) pain, need for analgesia, fever, halitosis, and return to normal diet and activities; 2) secondary hemorrhage using 2 parameters-significant hemorrhage (ie, warranting readmission, blood transfusion, or return to theatre for hemostasis) and total hemorrhage; and 3) adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five trials met the eligibility criteria. Antibiotics significantly reduced the number of subjects manifesting fever (relative risk [RR]: 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45, 0.85) and duration of halitosis (-1.94 [-3.57, -0.30] days), and marginally reduced the time taken to resume normal activity (-0.63 [-1.12, -0.14] days), but had no significant effect in reducing pain scores (-0.01 [-0.60, 0.57]) or need for analgesia. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the time taken to resume normal diet or incidence of significant and total hemorrhage, although data was underpowered to detect differences for these outcomes. In the antibiotic group 4 patients developed an adverse reaction (3 cases of rash and 1 case of oropharyngeal candidiasis), while in the control group 1 patient had an adverse reaction (rash). The RR of antibiotic-related adverse events was 2.45 (0.45, 13.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibiotics appear to be effective in reducing some, but not all, morbid outcomes following tonsillectomy, and may increase the risk of adverse events. Further trials are needed to better define the role of antibiotics in facilitating post-tonsillectomy recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A-1a.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, 49 Cedarwood Drive, Inverness IV2 6GU, UK. dhiwamahi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Muthuswamy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dhiwakar
authors.forename: Chee Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Sivasubramaniam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvaraj
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: McKerrow
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents