title: Effect of sample preparation and preenrichment media on the recovery of Salmonella from cantaloupes, mangoes, and tomatoes.
abstract: Studies were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of buffered peptone water (BPW), lactose (LAC) broth, and Universal Preenrichment (UP) broth for the recovery of Salmonella organisms from fruit rinses, whole fruit, and comminuted fruit. In the first phase, the relative effectiveness of the rinse and soak methods for the recovery of Salmonella from surface-contaminated mangoes and tomatoes was examined. Fruits were spot inoculated with single Salmonella serovars and held for 4 days at 2-6 degrees C before analysis was initiated. The contaminated fruit was rinsed in portions of BPW, LAC broth, or UP broth. Portions from each rinse were added to its respective broth (e.g., BPW to BPW). Individual whole fruit, in their remaining broth rinses (soak method), and the fruit rinse/broths (rinse method) were incubated for 24 h at 35 degrees C. The Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Salmonella culture method was followed thereafter. The soak method produced significantly greater numbers (P < 0.05) of positive test portions than did the rinse method for the analysis of mangoes (93 versus 12) and tomatoes (85 versus 34). The 3 broths were comparable for the recovery of Salmonella for both the soak and the rinse methods for mangoes. For tomatoes, there were no significant differences among the broths for the soak method, but BPW and UP broth were significantly more productive (P < 0.05) than LAC broth by the rinse method. In the second phase, the relative effectiveness of LAC broth, BPW, and UP broth for the recovery of Salmonella from comminuted fruit was examined. Fruits were contaminated with single Salmonella serovars and aged for 4 days at 2-6 degrees C. Twenty 25 g test portions were preenriched in each of the following broths: BPW, LAC broth, and UP broth. The BAM Salmonella culture method was followed thereafter. For cantaloupes, significantly more (P < 0.05) Salmonella-positive test portions were recovered with UP broth (96 Salmonella-positive test portions) and BPW (87 Salmonella-positive test portions) than with LAC broth (57 Salmonella-positive test portions). For mangoes, BPW recovered an arithmetically larger number of Salmonella-positive test portions (27 Salmonella-positive test portions) than did either LAC broth (14 Salmonella-positive test portions) or UP broth (18 Salmonella-positive test portions). For tomatoes, there were no significant differences among the broths: BPW recovered 65 Salmonella-positive test portions, UP broth recovered 62 Salmonella-positive test portions, and LAC broth recovered 60 Salmonella-positive test portions. For the analysis of whole fruit, it is recommended that the soak method be used. For whole fruit analyzed with the soak method, UP broth should be used for tomatoes and BPW should be used for mangoes. It is further recommended that UP broth be used for the analysis of comminuted cantaloupes and that BPW be used for the analysis of comminuted mangoes and tomatoes.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Microbiological Studies, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740, USA. Thomas.Hammack@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hammack
authors.forename: Mildred L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Wallace H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D028463:Cucumis melo / Q000382:microbiology*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D031022:Mangifera / Q000382:microbiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012475:Salmonella / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media