title: Probe EUS for the diagnosis of invasion depth in superficial esophageal cancer: a comparison between a jelly-filled method and a water-filled balloon method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diagnostic accuracy of probe EUS depends on the constant maintenance of luminal medium for acoustic coupling. This study compared the accuracy of probe EUS by a jelly-filled method (EUS-J) and by a water-filled balloon method (EUS-W) for the assessment of invasion depth in superficial esophageal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, single-center study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty superficial esophageal cancers in 38 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were alternately assigned to EUS-J or EUS-W. The depth of invasion was classified into epithelium or lamina propria mucosae (D1), muscularis mucosae or superficial layer of the submucosa (D2), and deep portion of the submucosa (D3). Depiction rate, interobserver variation between 2 observers, and accuracy for the determination of invasion depth were compared between EUS-J and EUS-W.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen cancers were examined by EUS-J, and 22 cancers were examined by EUS-W. The actual depth of invasion was D1 in 21 cancers, D2 in 9 cancers, and D3 in 10 cancers. Depiction rate (94.4% vs 77.2%, P = .14) and interobserver agreement of EUS determination (82.3% vs 58.8%, P = .13) was higher in EUS-J than in EUS-W. The overall accuracy for the diagnosis of invasion depth was 77.8% in EUS-J and 59.1% in EUS-W (P = .18). The sensitivity for the diagnosis of D1 cancer was significantly higher in EUS-J than in EUS-W (100% vs 50%, P = .03), while the specificity was not different between the 2 procedures (81.8% vs 87.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS-J is superior to EUS-W for the assessment of invasion depth in superficial esophageal cancer, especially for intramucosal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esaki
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Kazuoki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hizawa
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohji
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirahashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies