title: Amygdala activation during masked presentation of emotional faces predicts conscious detection of threat-related faces.
abstract: It has been argued that critical functions of the human amygdala are to modulate the moment-to-moment vigilance level and to enhance the processing and the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing material. In this functional magnetic resonance study, pictures of human faces bearing fearful, angry, and happy expressions were presented to nine healthy volunteers using a backward masking procedure based on neutral facial expression. Activation of the left and right amygdala in response to the masked fearful faces (compared to neutral faces) was significantly correlated with the number of fearful faces detected. In addition, right but not left amygdala activation in response to the masked angry faces was significantly related to the number of angry faces detected. The present findings underscore the role of the amygdala in the detection and consolidation of memory for marginally perceptible threatening facial expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany. suslow@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suslow
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ohrmann
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Astrid Veronika
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwindt
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arolt
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heindel
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kugel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000679:Amygdala / Q000502:physiology*; D000786:Anger; D003243:Consciousness; D005149:Facial Expression; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010470:Perceptual Masking; D011446:Prospective Studies; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological