title: Cyclo(Phe-Pro) modulates the expression of ompU in Vibrio spp.
abstract: Vibrio vulnificus was found to produce a chemical that induced the expression of Vibrio fischeri lux genes. Electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicated that the compound was cyclo(L-Phe-L-Pro) (cFP). The compound was produced at a maximal level when cell cultures reached the onset of stationary phase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the total proteins of V. vulnificus indicated that expression of OmpU was enhanced by exogenously added synthetic or purified cFP. A toxR-null mutant failed to express ompU despite the addition of cFP. The related Vibrio spp. V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. harveyi also produced cFP, which induced the expression of their own ompU genes. cFP also enhanced the expression in V. cholerae of the ctx genes, which are known to be regulated by ToxR. Our results suggest that cFP is a signal molecule controlling the expression of genes important for the pathogenicity of Vibrio spp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Sinsoo-Dong 1, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 121-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Kyun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ko-Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: In Hwang
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji-Hyoun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Won Koo
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kun-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000378:metabolism; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000378:metabolism; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000378:metabolism*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004151:Dipeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D020543:Proteome; D014157:Transcription Factors; D037521:Virulence Factors; C118540:cyclo(phenylalanyl-prolyl); C066719:toxR protein, bacteria; D002772:Cholera Toxin