title: Mineralisation of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) in dichlobenil-exposed soils and isolation of a BAM-mineralising Aminobacter sp.
abstract: Mineralisation of the groundwater contaminant 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), a metabolite from the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), was studied in soil samples obtained from 39 locations previously exposed to dichlobenil. Rapid BAM mineralisation was detected in samples from six locations with 5.2-64.6% of the added BAM mineralised within 48-50 days. From one location rapid BAM mineralisation was observed in soil samples down to a depth of 2 m below the surface. One location with fast BAM mineralisation showed significant dichlobenil degradation activity with 25.5% of the added dichlobenil being mineralised within 50 days. By inoculating soil showing the fastest mineralisation of BAM into a mineral medium with BAM as the only carbon and nitrogen source an enrichment culture was established. Community analysis based on extracted DNA revealed a change of the bacterial community but without any clear indication of key members within the BAM-mineralising culture. Parallel cultivation resulted for the first time in the isolation of a BAM-mineralising bacterium, identified as an Aminobacter sp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonsen
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Holtze
authors.forename: Sebastian R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Søren J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aamand
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D001483:Base Sequence; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006540:Herbicides; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009570:Nitriles; D021521:Ribotyping; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D009570:Nitriles; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C041470:3',4'-dichlorobenzamil; D000584:Amiloride; C055869:dichlobanil