title: The effect of single agent oral fusaric acid (FA) on the growth of subcutaneously xenografted SCC-1 cells in a nude mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether oral administration of fusaric acid (FA) inhibits tumor growth in an animal model of head and neck cancer (HNSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In vivo murine model, two arm controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight (38) 5-week-old athymic nude mice were randomly assigned to a fusaric acid treatment group (1 mg/mL) (n = 19) or a sterile saline group (n = 19). A left, lateral flank subcutaneous injection of 2.0 x 10(6) UM-SCC-1 cells were administered to all mice on day 1. Both groups were gavaged daily with either 0.25 mLs of oral FA or sterile saline throughout the experiment (32 days). Latency to a measurable tumor (> or =65 mm3), and tumor volumes were recorded after tumor xenografting. Tumor weights were recorded at the conclusion of the experiment. Tumor volume growth curves were modeled as polynomial functions of time with treatment interaction effects. Survivorship functions for time to measurable tumor were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival analysis showed mice treated with FA developed measurable tumors after a significantly longer interval post-xenografting than control mice (p = 0.00451). By Day 9, all mice in the control group had developed measurable tumors in comparison to only 78% of mice in the FA group. Likewise, estimated growth curves for both groups suggested that mice receiving FA demonstrated significantly slower tumor growth rates throughout the entire study period (p < 0.0001). At the conclusion of the experiment, tumor weights from both the control and FA groups were also significantly different (p = 0.0142).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single agent oral fusaric acid (1 mg/mL) is an inhibitor of UM-SCC-1 in a murine model. As an orally active agent, it may have a potential role in the treatment of human squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ruda
authors.forename: Kirt S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Beus
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hollenbeak
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Brendan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Stack
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005669:Fusaric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005669:Fusaric Acid