title: Malassezia sympodialis differently affects the expression of LL-37 in dendritic cells from atopic eczema patients and healthy individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atopic eczema (AE) is a multifactorial disease, which has increased in prevalence. The skin-colonizing yeast Malasezzia sympodialis can induce IgE- and T-cell reactivity in patients with AE. LL-37 is an endogenous peptide antibiotic belonging to the cathelicidin family. The aim of this study was to examine whether exposure to M. sympodialis would affect the expression of LL-37 in dendritic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The presence of LL-37 was analyzed in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) generated from healthy individuals and patients with AE by Western blotting and the corresponding cDNA by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Antibacterial activity was measured with an inhibition zone assay in fractions after reverse phase chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first time we here present data, showing that LL-37 is produced by MDDCs. Notably, the secretion of LL-37 was substantially enhanced in M. sympodialis-exposed MDDCs generated from patients with a high degree of eczema, as measured by SCORAD, compared to healthy controls and patients with a low SCORAD. The relative expression of LL-37 transcript in MDDCs generated from patients was up-regulated after 1 h of exposure to M. sympodialis and declined gradually at the time points analyzed, whereas the transcription was unaffected in the MDDCs of healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that M. sympodialis can trigger the innate immune response differently in patients with AE and healthy individuals. The enhanced LL-37 secretion from the MDDCs in the patients with AE may reflect the severity of their inflammatory response to M. sympodialis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Agerberth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buentke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eshaghi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gabrielsson
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Gudmundsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scheynius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008290:Malassezia / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054804:Cathelicidins
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D054804:Cathelicidins