title: Is chromium an important element in HIV-positive patients with metabolic abnormalities? An hypothesis generating pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chromium plays a role in insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare chromium measurements in HIV-positive patients with or without (N) antiretroviral therapy (ART) to that of healthy controls (HC) and, to determine if there is any association between chromium levels and abnormalities in body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study in 91 HIV patients (75 HIV-ART, 16 HIV-N) and 13 HC. Chromium was assessed in the diet, plasma, toenails, and urine. Fasting blood glycemia and lipids, lipodystrophy score and body fat were also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary intake of chromium was similar in the 3 groups. Plasma and toenail Cr were lower in HIV compared to HC, but urinary chromium was similar. However, when the HIV-positive patients on ART were compared to those who were naïve to therapies, urinary excretion of chromium was higher in HIV-ART. In addition, urinary excretion of chromium significantly and positively correlated with lipodystrophy score and negatively with various parameters of metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a similar dietary intake, chromium levels were lower in HIV-positive patients and urinary chromium excretion correlated with some metabolic parameters. Low chromium levels may be due to increased chromium losses. These results support further studies on chromium in HIV patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University Health Network, The Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St., Eaton Wing, 9 Floor, Room 217a, Toronto, Ontario, M5G-2C4, Canada.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aghdassi
authors.forename: Irving E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Salit
authors.forename: Lillia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Lavaniya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sreetharan
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walmsley
authors.forename: Johane P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Allard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009262:Nails / Q000737:chemistry; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D002857:Chromium