title: Coverage and use of prescription drugs in nursing homes: implications for the medicare modernization act.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Medicare Modernization Act will affect drug coverage for most nursing home residents in the United States. Understanding the impact of the MMA requires knowledge of the process by which drugs are prescribed to residents and the effect of coverage on medication use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize sources of drug coverage for Medicare beneficiaries residing in nursing facilities and to provide empirical estimates of the relationship between coverage and use.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess the relationship between coverage and drug use in a sample of nursing home residents drawn from the 2001 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey augmented with monthly institutional drug administration data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 789 residents with a mean nursing home stay of 8.7 months in 2001 were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the proportions of residents with drug coverage from Medicaid, other sources, or none at all, and mean number of unique prescription drugs administered per resident per month by source of coverage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 20% of the sample had no drug coverage, 56% had drug coverage under Medicaid, 9% had coverage from other sources, and for 15% drug coverage status could not be determined. There were no statistically significant differences in drug utilization by drug coverage status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When drug coverage becomes a Medicare benefit in 2006, it is unlikely to spur additional medication use among nursing home residents but may redirect utilization as a result of health plan formulary restrictions.
authors.affiliation: The Peter Lamy Center on Drug Therapy and Aging, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. BStuart@rx.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Simoni-Wastila
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baysac
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shaffer
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003625:Data Collection; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D009735:Nursing Homes; D014481:United States