Clock genes: influencing and being influenced by psychoactive drugs.
Although clock genes are the hallmark of circadian rhythms, they are also currently considered as transcription factors that have a prominent role in the pharmacology of the CNS. The expression of these transcription factors in the mammalian brain is not only intrinsically rhythmic but is also modulated by external inputs and hormones. An altered expression of clock genes, as evidenced in transgenic mice, has a profound influence on the behavioral effects of psychoactive drugs. Focusing on clock genes expressed in the brain might lead to the discovery of novel drug-target pathways.
Manev
Hari
H
Department of Psychiatry, The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Hmanev@psych.uic.edu
Uz
Tolga
T
D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044122:Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D003042:Cocaine; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D005473:Fluoxetine; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D044122:Receptor, Melatonin, MT1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C538960:BMAL1 protein, human; C538961:Bmal1 protein, mouse; C538943:CLOCK protein, human; C538944:Clock protein, mouse