title: Age estimation of unaccompanied minors. Part I. General considerations.
abstract: In recent years many countries have experienced a sharp increase in the demand for forensic age estimates of unaccompanied minors. In many countries the age thresholds of relevance to criminal prosecution lie between 16 and 22 years. In line with recommendations issued by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics, for determining the age of live subjects a forensic age estimate should combine the results of a physical examination, an X-ray of the hand and a dental examination which records dentition status and evaluates an orthopantomogram. To assess the age of persons who are assumed to be at least 18 years old, an additional radiographic or CT examination of the collar bones is recommended. Forensic age estimates should take account of the ethnic origin and socio-economic status of the person under examination.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hittorfstr. 18, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. schmeling@charite.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmeling
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reisinger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geserick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olze
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005006:Ethnicity; D006225:Hand / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D033242:Minors; D010808:Physical Examination; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic