title: Long-term effects of a diabetes and pregnancy program: does the education last?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether women with pregestational diabetes obtained long-term benefits from an intensive diabetes management program during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with pregestational diabetes who had attended an intensive diabetes management program in pregnancy between 1991 and 1999 were interviewed regarding diabetes self-management behaviors and current glycemic control. A retrospective chart review was done to obtain information on self-management behaviors at entry to the program and at delivery and compared with the present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing entry to the program to delivery, all diabetes self-management behaviors improved significantly, including frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose, frequency of insulin injections, and frequency and complexity of insulin dose adjustment (IDA). HbA(1c) (A1C) also improved significantly from entry to delivery (mean 0.073-0.060) (P < 0.0001). Comparing entry to the present, frequency of insulin injections improved significantly (P = 0.0004), frequency of IDA improved significantly (P = 0.004), and complexity of IDA improved significantly (P = 0.0032). However, there was no significant change in frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (P = 0.766) from before pregnancy to the present, and A1C significantly worsened by 0.015 (P < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.009-0.021) from entry to the program to the present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women participating in an intensive diabetes management program during pregnancy improve significantly from entry to delivery in diabetes self-management behaviors and glycemic control and, in the long term, retain some of these behaviors and knowledge. However, this is not reflected in an improved A1C level. This may be explained by the loss of contact with the diabetes care team and/or the discontinuation of frequent self-monitoring of blood glucose-a critical behavior necessary for achieving optimal glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Lebovic Building, Suite 5027, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X5. d.feig@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Denice S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Feig
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cleave
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012648:Self Care
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin