Global assessment of the antimicrobial activity of polymyxin B against 54 731 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance programme (2001-2004).
In total, 54 731 Gram-negative bacilli isolated worldwide between 2001 and 2004 from diverse sites of infection were tested for susceptibility to polymyxin B by the broth reference microdilution method, with interpretation of results according to CLSI (formerly NCCLS) guidelines. Polymyxin B showed excellent potency and spectrum against 8705 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 2621 Acinetobacter spp. isolates (MIC50, < or = 1 mg/L and MIC90, 2 mg/L for both pathogens). Polymyxin B resistance rates were slightly higher for carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (2.7%) and Acinetobacter spp. (2.8%), or multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa (3.3%) and Acinetobacter spp. (3.2%), when compared with the entire group (1.3% for P. aeruginosa and 2.1% for Acinetobacter spp.). Among P. aeruginosa, polymyxin B resistance rates varied from 2.9% in the Asia-Pacific region to only 1.1% in Europe, Latin America and North America, while polymyxin B resistance rates ranged from 2.7% in Europe to 1.7% in North America and Latin America among Acinetobacter spp. Polymyxin B also demonstrated excellent activity (MIC90, < or = 1 mg/L; > 98% susceptible) against Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., but activity was more variable against Enterobacter spp. (MIC50, < or = 1 mg/L; 83.3% susceptible) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (MIC50, < or = 1 mg/L; 72.4% susceptible), and was very limited (MIC50, > 8 mg/L) against Burkholderia cepacia (11.8% susceptible), Serratia spp. (5.4% susceptible), indole-positive Proteus spp. (1.3% susceptible) and Proteus mirabilis (0.7% susceptible).
Gales
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Division of Infectious Diseases, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ana.gales@pesquisador.cnpq.br
Jones
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Sader
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D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000494:pharmacology*
D011112:Polymyxin B