Gamma-ray bursts: huge explosion in the early Universe.
Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are bright flashes of high-energy photons that can last for tens of minutes; they are generally associated with galaxies that have a high rate of star formation and probably arise from the collapsing cores of massive stars, which produce highly relativistic jets (collapsar model). Here we describe gamma- and X-ray observations of the most distant GRB ever observed (GRB 050904): its redshift (z) of 6.29 means that this explosion happened 12.8 billion years ago, corresponding to a time when the Universe was just 890 million years old, close to the reionization era. This means that not only did stars form in this short period of time after the Big Bang, but also that enough time had elapsed for them to evolve and collapse into black holes.
Cusumano
G
G
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy. cusumano@ifc.inaf.it
Mangano
V
V
Chincarini
G
G
Panaitescu
A
A
Burrows
D N
DN
La Parola
V
V
Sakamoto
T
T
Campana
S
S
Mineo
T
T
Tagliaferri
G
G
Angelini
L
L
Barthelemy
S D
SD
Beardmore
A P
AP
Boyd
P T
PT
Cominsky
L R
LR
Gronwall
C
C
Fenimore
E E
EE
Gehrels
N
N
Giommi
P
P
Goad
M
M
Hurley
K
K
Kennea
J A
JA
Mason
K O
KO
Marshall
F
F
Mészáros
P
P
Nousek
J A
JA
Osborne
J P
JP
Palmer
D M
DM
Roming
P W A
PW
Wells
A
A
White
N E
NE
Zhang
B
B