title: Down-regulation of notch-1 inhibits invasion by inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: Notch signaling plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of human malignancies but the precise role and mechanism of Notch-1 for tumor invasion remains unclear. In our earlier report, we showed that down-regulation of Notch-1 reduced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA-binding activity and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. Because NF-kappaB, VEGF, and MMPs are critically involved in the processes of tumor cell invasion and metastasis, we investigated the role and mechanism(s) by which Notch-1 down-regulation (using molecular approaches) may lead to the down-regulation of NF-kappaB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and MMP-9, thereby inhibiting invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through Matrigel. We found that the down-regulation of Notch-1 by small interfering RNA decreased cell invasion, whereas Notch-1 overexpression by cDNA transfection led to increased tumor cell invasion. Consistent with these results, we found that the down-regulation of Notch-1 reduced NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity and VEGF expression. Down-regulation of Notch-1 also decreased not only MMP-9 mRNA and its protein expression but also inactivated the pro-MMP-9 protein to its active form. Taken together, we conclude that the down-regulation of Notch-1 could be an effective approach for the down-regulation and inactivation of NF-kappaB and its target genes, such as MMP-9 and VEGF expression, resulting in the inhibition of invasion and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K M Wahidur
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fazlul H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D051881:Receptor, Notch1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016328:NF-kappa B; C497761:NOTCH1 protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9