title: Influence of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) on hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation in cholesterol-fed rats.
abstract: The effects of amla on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and cholesterol levels were investigated in vitro and in vivo using Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation and cholesterol-fed rats. SunAmla and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of amla significantly inhibited thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive substance level in the Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation and the effects were stronger than those of probucol. In addition, the administration of SunAmla (at a dose of 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight/d) or EtOAc extract of amla (at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg body weight/d) for 20 d to rats fed 1% cholesterol diet significantly reduced total, free and LDL-cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent manner, and EtOAc extract of amla exhibited more potent serum cholesterol-lowering effect than SunAmla in the same amount. Furthermore, the oxidized LDL level in serum was markedly elevated in cholesterol-fed control rats as compared with normal rats, while it was significantly decreased by the administration of SunAmla or EtOAc extract of amla. Moreover, the serum TBA-reactive substance level was also significantly decreased after oral administration of SunAmla or EtOAc extract of amla. These results suggest that amla may be effective for hypercholesterolemia and prevention of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Hyun Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
authors.forename: Hyun Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tohda
authors.forename: Theertham Pradyumna
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Lekh Raj
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Juneja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D005419:Flavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D002784:Cholesterol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid