title: Early versus later admission to postacute rehabilitation: impact on functional outcome after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of participation in a postacute community reentry program on functional outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort, nonrandomized, intervention study. Pretest-posttest, follow-up design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonprofit outpatient community reentry program affiliated with an inpatient rehabilitation hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of persons with moderate to severe TBI differing in length of time between injury and admission. The first group entered postacute rehabilitation within 6 months of injury (n=115); the second group, between 6 and 12 months (n=23); and the third group, greater than 12 months (n=29).
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons with TBI participated in a postacute community reentry program (average, 4.3mo) that emphasized (1) teaching compensatory strategies to address residual cognitive deficits; (2) arranging environmental supports to maximize functioning; (3) counseling and education to address personal and family adjustment and to improve accurate self-awareness; and (4) transition from simulated activities in the clinic to productive activities in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disability Rating Scale, Supervision Rating Scale, and the Community Integration Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups showed improvements between admission and discharge on measures of overall disability, independence, home competency, and productivity, and these gains were maintained at follow-up. For the group beginning postacute rehabilitation the earliest (<6mo postinjury) independence continued to improve after discharge. Community integration total score and home competency also continued to improve even after discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results point toward the effectiveness of postacute rehabilitation in improving functional outcome after TBI even for persons who have reached stable neurologic recovery at 12 or more months postinjury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. whigh@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: High
authors.forename: Tresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roebuck-Spencer
authors.forename: Angelle M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Struchen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003191:Comprehensive Health Care; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome