title: Osteoporosis in adults with meningomyelocele: an unrecognized problem at rehabilitation clinics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in adults with meningomyelocele and to explore whether neurologic level, ambulatory status, and other medical problems are associated with bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study, including a self-administered questionnaire and clinical assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient referral clinic in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one adults (mean age, 30 y) with meningomyelocele admitted to the Young Adult Teams in Göteborg and Boras, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMD in the lumbar spine and hip and forearm measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven (33%) subjects had osteoporosis in at least 1 of the measured sites. Three patients had osteopenia and 2 had osteoporosis in the lumbar spine. Among the 15 subjects whose BMD of the hip region could be reliably measured, 7 (47%) had osteoporosis in the femoral neck or trochanteric region of the hip. Subjects with other medical problems commonly occurring in meningomyelocele had lower BMD in the femoral neck and trochanteric region of the hip than subjects without such factors. Ambulation alone showed only a tendency to be associated with BMD of the femoral neck, whereas the effect of other medical risk factors on BMD of the femoral neck was stronger among the nonambulators than the ambulators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that osteoporosis is a medical problem to be considered when treating and rehabilitating patients with meningomyelocele.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. kirsi.valtonen@pp.inet.fi
authors.forename: Kirsi M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Valtonen
authors.forename: Lars-Ake
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Goksör
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mellström
authors.forename: Hannu T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Alaranta
authors.forename: Eira R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Viikari-Juntura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology