Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices.


METHODS
Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter & Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A & H (Arm & Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX).


RESULTS
The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups).


CONCLUSIONS
It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.
Amaral
Cristiane Mariote
CM
Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Brazil.
Rodrigues
Jose Augusto
JA
Erhardt
Maria Carolina Guilherme
MC
Araujo
Marcelo Werneck Barata
MW
Marchi
Giselle Maria
GM
Heymann
Harald O
HO
Pimenta
Luiz Andre Freire
LA
D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003188:Composite Resins; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008422:Materials Testing; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D013499:Surface Properties; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
D003188:Composite Resins; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; C466112:Esthet-X; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; C084550:Vitremer; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C039734:Durafill; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D014508:Urea; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D000537:Aluminum Oxide