title: Use of monofilament in the detection of foot lesions in older adults.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare Semmes-Weinstein monofilament testing between elderly and young patients in both a diabetic and nondiabetic population. Monofilament mapping (10 g) was performed on 115 patients: 74 who were greater than 60 years of age (47 with diabetes) and 41 who were younger than 60 years (20 with diabetes). Sensations were assessed at 15 predefined pressure/risk points. Sensations were found to have perfect correlation between the same point on the left and right foot (r = 1.0) for each of the 15 points. The data for the 15 points were divided in 2 subsets: one for 8 points similar to a validated method and another with 7 new points on the dorsum and ankle area. Scores on both subsets differed significantly by age group (P < .0001) and diabetes status (P < .001), with older patients and patients with diabetes having higher scores. Analysis of covariance was used to estimate 15-point scores for the 4 combinations of age group and diabetes status, adjusting for foot ulceration, callus, deformity, and ischemia. In older patients without diabetes, each subset score was used to detect future neuropathy if 4 or more points were insensitive. The detections agreed in 37 of 47 cases. In all 10 cases of disagreement, the 7-point subset detected no neuropathy, suggesting that inclusion of the additional points could improve diagnostic specificity. The significant differences noted between young and old patients suggest the importance of aging-related changes, and raise questions about current scoring methods for detection of neuropathy in older adults with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Geriatrics, Dept. of Family Medicine, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 670582, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0582, USA. modawaa@uc.edu
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modawal
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fley
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rudawsky
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welge
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012677:Sensation