title: Anatomical redesign for the treatment of dens invaginatus type III with open apexes: a literature review and case presentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dens invaginatus is a rare dental anomaly that may give rise to many complex anatomical forms. The complexity of the internal anatomy may create challenges for the complete removal of the diseased pulpal tissue and the subsequent sealing of the canal system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors discuss the modification of the internal anatomy under the operating microscope, allowing the clinician better access to treat predictably the canal system with conventional or alternative techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the anatomical variations and the challenges that a dens invaginatus may present, a practitioner may consider a modification of the internal anatomy of the canal system to gain better access for proper instrumentation, disinfection and sealing of the root canal system using conventional or contemporary techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical, Therapeutic and Bioengineering Sciences, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silberman
authors.forename: Nestor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cohenca
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003719:Dens in Dente / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000628:therapy; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate