title: Are some people sensitive to mobile phone signals? Within participants double blind randomised provocation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether people who report being sensitive to mobile phone signals have more symptoms when exposed to a pulsing mobile signal than when exposed to a sham signal or a non-pulsing signal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind, randomised, within participants provocation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dedicated suite of offices at King's College London, between September 2003 and June 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 "sensitive" people who reported often getting headache-like symptoms within 20 minutes of using a global system for mobile communication (GSM) mobile phone and 60 "control" participants who did not report any such symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were exposed to three conditions: a 900 MHz GSM mobile phone signal, a non-pulsing carrier wave signal, and a sham condition with no signal present. Each exposure lasted for 50 minutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The principal outcome measure was headache severity assessed with a 0-100 visual analogue scale. Other outcomes included six other subjective symptoms and participants' ability to judge whether a signal was present.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Headache severity increased during exposure and decreased immediately afterwards. However, no strong evidence was found of any difference between the conditions in terms of symptom severity. Nor did evidence of any differential effect of condition between the two groups exist. The proportion of sensitive participants who believed a signal was present during GSM exposure (60%) was similar to the proportion who believed one was present during sham exposure (63%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No evidence was found to indicate that people with self reported sensitivity to mobile phone signals are able to detect such signals or that they react to them with increased symptom severity. As sham exposure was sufficient to trigger severe symptoms in some participants, psychological factors may have an important role in causing this condition.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ISRCTN81432775.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of General Hospital Psychiatry, Weston Education Centre (PO62), London SE5 9RJ. g.rubin@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: G James
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Everitt
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cleare
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wessely
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D020773:Headache Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*