title: Local staging of rectal cancer using combined pelvic phased-array and endorectal coil MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of MRI, using a pelvic phased-array coil and an endorectal coil, for preoperative local staging of rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients (26 males and 25 females) with adenocarcinoma of the rectum underwent preoperative MRI and surgical resection of their tumors. Surgical pathology staging was compared to MRI staging (using the TNM classification) obtained both retrospectively by a reader blinded to surgical findings and prospectively (radiological reports). In addition, patients were stratified according to surgical treatment groups (stage I = T1-2/N0, stage II = T3/N0, stage III = Tx/N1-2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At pathology, 36 of 51 (68%) tumors were classified as T0-T2, and 15 (32%) were classified as T3. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of MRI readings for T3 staging were 93% and 86%, respectively (positive predictive value (PPV) = 74%, negative predictive value (NPV) = 97%, accuracy = 88%). MRI correctly predicted lymph node metastases in 11 of 13 patients with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 69% (PPV = 58%, NPV = 90%, accuracy = 74%). MRI correctly predicted surgical treatment groups in 33 of 39 (85%) patients. Interobserver agreement between the retrospective and prospective readings was excellent (kappa = 0.85) for prediction of T3 tumor and good (kappa = 0.80) for prediction of nodal involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined endorectal and pelvic phased-array coil MRI can be used reliably to select which patients should receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy. It is highly predictive in terms of excluding T3 tumors, but still has limitations in predicting lymph node metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. statli@partners.org
authors.forename: Servet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatli
authors.forename: Koenraad J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mortele
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Breen
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bleday
authors.forename: Stuart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity