title: Intraconal superior ophthalmic vein embolisation for carotid cavernous fistula.
abstract: A 53-year-old man presented with a longstanding carotid cavernous fistula that could not be embolised completely via the femoral route. A superior ophthalmic vein approach was necessary; however, the vein was thrombosed anteriorly and only intraconal cannulation was possible. The vein was accessed via a superior lid crease approach and the fistula successfully embolised. Whilst utilising the superior ophthalmic vein is well described in the literature, to our knowledge, needing to access the intraconal portion of the vein has not previously been reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Colin C K
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Nazi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Assad
authors.forename: Perry
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins