Lower respiratory infections and potential complications in athletes.
A review and synthesis of recently published literature regarding lower respiratory infections in athletes was conducted. Diagnosis and treatment of common etiologies, specifically acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and influenza, are examined and discussed. In addition, potential complications, including spontaneous pneumothorax, bronchiectasis, hemoptysis, and acute respiratory failure that may result from inadequate diagnosis and treatment, are addressed. Criteria for allowing athletes to return to play were reviewed and current accepted guidelines for return to activity are discussed.
Lorenc
Todd M
TM
St. Joseph's Hospital Health Center, Syracuse, NY 13203, USA.
Kernan
Michael T
MT
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation