title: Oligozoospermia and heat-shock protein expression in ejaculated spermatozoa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heat-shock protein A2 (HspA2) is correlated with sperm maturity, function and fertility, and a dysfunctional expression of such a gene results in abnormal spermatogenesis. The purpose of this study was to compare HspA2 gene expression in spermatozoa from oligozoospermic men and normozoospermic controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semen was obtained and analysed according to World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 1999) guidelines, morphology by Kruger's strict criteria. Seventeen patients with oligozoospermia and 21 fertile controls were studied. Total RNA was extracted from ejaculated and Percoll density-gradient-separated spermatozoa followed by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. The relative expression level of HspA2 was analysed according to the expression level of the housekeeping beta-actin gene. Serum hormonal profiles (FSH, LH and testosterone) and a peripheral karyotype were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients possessed normal karyotype, and no significant hormonal differences were found between the two groups. The study group had significantly lower sperm concentration and normal morphology than the controls. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of HspA2 showed significantly lower expression levels in the oligoteratozoospermic men when compared to controls (P=0.0021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HspA2 gene was down-regulated in sperm from infertile men with idiopathic oligoteratozoospermia, suggesting that such anomalies of gene expression might be associated with pathogenesis in some subtypes of male infertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, São Paulo Federal University, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cedenho
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cenedeze
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spaine
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oehninger
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000328:Adult; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004542:Ejaculation; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C091879:HSPA2 protein, human; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone