title: The obesity-driven rising costs of type 2 diabetes in Australia: projections from the Fremantle Diabetes Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cost of diabetes is high for both the individual and society. Future health-care planning requires patient-level diabetes-attributable health-care cost data that have not previously been available for Australia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine Australian national direct diabetes-attributable health-care costs for known type 2 diabetes in 2000 and project these to 2051.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1294 patients with type 2 diabetes was recruited to the Fremantle Diabetes Study between 1993 and 1996. A bottom-up, prevalence-based approach using diabetes-attributable costs provided average annual per patient health-care costs (in year 2000 A$). Costs were extrapolated to 2051 using Australian type 2 diabetes prevalence figures and Australian Bureau of Statistics population projections, assuming that prevalence rates (i) remain at current levels and (ii) rise steadily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total annual direct diabetes-attributable health-care costs in 2000 in Australia for people > or =25 years with known type 2 diabetes were estimated at A$636 million. As a result of ageing, the number of people with type 2 diabetes will double between 2000 and 2051 with a 2.5-fold increase in diabetes-attributable health-care costs. If obesity and inactivity prevalence rates continue to rise, prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes will further increase. The number of people with type 2 diabetes in 2051 may be 3.5 times higher than in 2000 with a 3.7-fold cost increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The financial burden of treating type 2 diabetes could quadruple by 2051 unless more is done to prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications. A smaller proportion of the population will have the capacity to fund these rising health-care costs.
authors.affiliation: University of Western Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Western Australia, Australia. wdavis@cyllene.uwa.edu
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Knuiman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hendrie
authors.forename: T M E
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology