title: Polymorphisms in TGF-beta1 gene and the risk of lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) functions as a suppressor of tumor initiation by inhibiting cellular proliferation or by promoting cellular differentiation or apoptosis in the early phase of cancer development. Variations in the DNA sequence in the TGF-beta1 gene may lead to altered TGF-beta1 production and/or activity, and so this can modulate an individual's susceptibility to lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association of the TGF-beta1 -509C > T and 869T > C (L10P) polymorphisms and their haplotypes with the risk of lung cancer in a Korean population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TGF-beta1 genotypes were determined in 432 lung cancer patients and in 432 healthy control subjects who were frequency-matched for age and gender. The TGF-beta1 haplotypes were predicted using a Bayesian algorithm in the Phase program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with at least one -509T allele were at a significantly decreased risk of adenocarcinoma (AC) and small cell carcinoma (SM), as compared with carriers with the -509CC genotype [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-0.96; P = 0.04; and adjusted OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27-0.76; P = 0.002; respectively]. For the 869T > C polymorphism, the combined TC + CC genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of SM compared with the TT genotype (adjusted OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.88; P = 0.01). Consistent with the results of the genotyping analyses, the -509T/869C haplotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of AC and SM as compared with the -509C/869T haplotype (adjusted OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57-0.98; P = 0.04; and adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.96; P = 0.02; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TGF-beta1 -509C > T and 869T > C polymorphisms and their haplotypes may contribute to genetic susceptibility to AC and SM of the lung.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Samduk 2Ga 50, Daegu 700-412, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Gyoung
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Myung Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kam
authors.forename: Sung Ick
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Chang Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Rang-Woon
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong Lim
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In-San
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000235:genetics; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1