title: A new wireless system for decentralised measurement of physiological parameters from shake flasks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shake flasks are widely used because of their low price and simple handling. Many researcher are, however, not aware of the physiological consequences of oxygen limitation and substrate overflow metabolism that occur in shake flasks. Availability of a wireless measuring system brings the possibilities for quality control and design of cultivation conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we present a new wireless solution for the measurement of pH and oxygen from shake flasks with standard sensors, which allows data transmission over a distance of more than 100 metres in laboratory environments. This new system was applied to monitoring of cultivation conditions in shake flasks. The at-time monitoring of the growth conditions became possible by simple means. Here we demonstrate that with typical protocols E. coli shake flask cultures run into severe oxygen limitation and the medium is strongly acidified. Additionally the strength of the new system is demonstrated by continuous monitoring of the oxygen level in methanol-fed Pichia pastoris shake flask cultures, which allows the optimisation of substrate feeding for preventing starvation or methanol overfeed. 40 % higher cell density was obtained by preventing starvation phases which occur in standard shake flask protocols by adding methanol when the respiration activity decreased in the cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The here introduced wireless system can read parallel sensor data over long distances from shake flasks that are under vigorous shaking in cultivation rooms or closed incubators. The presented technology allows centralised monitoring of decentralised targets. It is useful for the monitoring of pH and dissolved oxygen in shake flask cultures. It is not limited to standard sensors, but can be easily adopted to new types of sensors and measurement places (e.g., new sensor points in large-scale bioreactors).
authors.affiliation: Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Process and Environmental Engineering and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. antti.vasala@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasala
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panula
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bollók
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Illmann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hälsig
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neubauer