title: Treatment of the inguinal regions in penile cancer: a review of the literature and treatment proposal.
abstract: Penile cancer is a rare malignancy affecting only 1 per 100,000 men in North America and Western Europe. Although the majority of men present with clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes, node positivity is associated with a very poor prognosis. Both the management of positive nodes, and the management of clinically negative nodes in intermediate- and high-risk patients remain controversial. Experience with penile cancer is often limited as even tertiary referral cancer centers may see only one or two such patients per year. The literature, which consists mainly of retrospective studies of patients treated over several decades, is not conclusive. We undertook a literature review to address this issue and to propose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology and Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital and the University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taussky
authors.forename: Juanita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crook
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Ghamdi
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fleshner
authors.forename: Michael A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jewett
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*