title: Water retention and drainage in different brands of microcrystalline cellulose: effect of measuring conditions.
abstract: Interaction between water and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) measured as retention and cumulative drainage of water (WR% and CDW%) is investigated for unmilled and micronized standard (Avicel and Emcocel) and silicified (Prosolv) MCC brands. A centrifuge method was applied with increasing duration and different porosity and thickness of cylindrical powder beds (specimens), in order to establish optimal determination conditions and quantify alterations in interaction between water and different MCC brands. Also, changes of specimen thickness due to presence of water (swelling) were followed. It was found that the effect of specimen porosity and thickness on water drainage (CDW%) appears to be opposite to that on water retention (WR%), while two patterns of WR% and CDW% change with specimen porosity and thickness can be distinguished depending on the centrifugation time. Also, WR% and CDW% are affected by the MCC brand and the micronization. Unmilled silicified MCC brand (Prosolv) shows significantly lower retention and higher drainage of water compared to standard unmilled brands (Avicel and Emcocel), while differences between the unmilled standard Avicel and Emcocel brands are not easily distinguished. Micronization, in general, increases greatly the WR% and decreases CDW% for all the tested MCC brands, and enhances their differences even between Avicel and Emcocel. Swelling of specimen due to presence of water was observed, which was significantly reduced with the micronization, the specimen porosity, and centrifugation as well, but showed slight variation between the different MCC brands. Values of specimen porosity between 60% and 70%, thickness/diameter ratio between 0.75 and 1.0, and centrifugation time between 5 and 20 min provide optimal measuring settings for comparison of MCC brands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nikolakakis
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsarvouli
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malamataris
mesh_terms: D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D002498:Centrifugation; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D012828:Silicones; D014867:Water; D002482:Cellulose; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose