title: Enhanced skin regeneration by nanoegg formulation of all-trans retinoic acid.
abstract: All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) which could smooth wrinkles and produce less pigmented skin after a few months of treatment has been studied in research into topical treatments for a potent inhibitor of new melanin production. However, the clinical responses of commercial atRA cream predominantly comprise severe inflammation. We report a novel nanotechnology "nanoegg" system giving improved effects of atRA self-assembly which were coated by CaCO3. Dorsal areas of hairless mouse and porcine skin were employed for administration of nanoegg ointment and commercial products. The mRNA for heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) from tissues was measured by a real-time PCR method. All tissues were stained for detection of hyaluronate and the thickness of the epidermis. A clinical trial in humans was carried out at St. Marianna University in Japan. As a result, the irritation and inflammation associated with atRA molecules were substantially reduced. The physicochemical instability of atRA was also dramatically improved. Furthermore, nanoegg enhanced marked expression of mRNA for HB-EGF from keratinocytes, which is known as one of the markers of keratinocyte turnover. Also, production of hyaluronate was surprisingly in the intercellular spaces of the basal and spinous cell layers 2 days after treatment. Even at the low concentration of atRA in the nanoegg system, the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocyte was somewhat enhanced. A nanoegg may thus not only prevent adverse effects, but also markedly enhance the main effect.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University, School of Medicine, Sugao 2-16-1 Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki-sh, Kanagawa-ken 216-8512, Japan. yyamaguc@marianna-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Igarashi
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D005079:Excipients; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D009824:Ointments; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D008543:Melanins; D009824:Ointments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002119:Calcium Carbonate