title: Genetic variation in the COX-2 gene and the association with prostate cancer risk.
abstract: COX-2 is a key enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The prostaglandins produced by COX-2 are involved in inflammation and pain response in different tissues in the body. Accumulating evidence from epidemiologic studies, chemical carcinogen-induced rodent models and clinical trials indicate that COX-2 plays a role in human carcinogenesis and is overexpressed in prostate cancer tissue. We examined whether sequence variants in the COX-2 gene are associated with prostate cancer risk. We analyzed a large population-based case-control study, cancer prostate in Sweden (CAPS) consisting of 1,378 cases and 782 controls. We evaluated 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the entire COX-2 gene in 94 subjects of the control group. Five SNPs had a minor allele frequency of more than 5% in our study population and these were genotyped in all case patients and control subjects and gene-specific haplotypes were constructed. A statistically significant difference in allele frequency between cases and controls was observed for 2 of the SNPs (+3100 T/G and +8365 C/T), with an odds ratio of 0.78 (95% CI=0.64-0.96) and 0.65 (95% CI=0.45-0.94) respectively. In the haplotype analysis, 1 haplotype carrying the variant allele from both +3100 T/G and +8365 C/T, with a population frequency of 3%, was also significantly associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer (p=0.036, global simulated p-value=0.046). This study supports the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in prostate carcinogenesis and that sequence variation within the COX-2 gene influence the risk of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, University of Umeå, Umeå Sweden.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shahedi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adolfsson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Augustsson-Bälter
authors.forename: B-L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H-O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grönberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human