title: Preparation and characterization of anodized titanium surfaces and their effect on osteoblast responses.
abstract: In this study, titanium (Ti) surface was modified by anodizing with a mixture of beta-glycerophosphate sodium and calcium (Ca) acetate, and the anodized surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis. In vitro osteoblast response to anodized oxide was also evaluated. The anodic oxide produced was observed to have interconnected pores (0.5-2 microm in diameter) and intermediate roughness (0.60-1.00 microm). In addition, anodic oxide was observed to have amorphous and anatase oxide. Calcium and phosphorus ions were deposited on the Ti oxide during anodization. Osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase production, was enhanced on anodized surfaces. It was thus concluded from this study that Ca phosphate can be deposited on Ti surfaces by anodization. It was also concluded that the phenotypic expression of osteoblast was enhanced by the presence of Ca phosphate and higher roughness on anodized Ti surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Institute of Biomaterials Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyo-Han
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Yub
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Shin-Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Inn-Kyu
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sukyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yunzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Joo L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ong
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D010641:Phenotype; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005994:Glycerophosphates; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002118:Calcium; C031463:beta-glycerophosphoric acid; C120662:calcium acetate