title: Pneumatic displacement of a dense submacular hemorrhage with or without tissue plasminogen activator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the efficacy of treating a dense submacular hemorrhage with pneumatic displacement with or without tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with a dense submacular hemorrhage were treated with intravitreal expansile gas, with or without an intravitreal injection of tPA, in order to displace the submacular blood. The main outcome measurements include preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, postoperative fluorescein angiography (FAG) results and additional postoperative treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total or subtotal subfoveal blood displacement was achieved in all 24 eyes. After a mean follow-up of 15.5 months (range 6-50 months), final visual acuity had improved two or more lines in 11 (45.8%) of the 24 eyes, and measured 20/100 or better in 10 (41.7%) of the 11 eyes. Based on the FAG results for 14 cases, nine eyes (64.3%) received additional postoperative laser treatment. Final visual acuity of 20/100 or better was achieved in four (40%) of the 10 eyes, with a choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) detected on FAG, and dye leakage not detected in three (75%) of the four eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumatic displacement, with or without intravitreal injection of tPA, seems useful in displacing dense submacular hemorrhage and facilitating visual improvement, although the visual result is often limited by the progression of the underlying macular disease. In patients with age-related macular degeneration, more treatable CNVM may be detected on postoperative FAG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung.
authors.forename: Po-Min
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: His-Kung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Min-Lun
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Yung-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsih-Hao
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator