title: A comparison of nasendoscopy and multiview videofluoroscopy in assessing velopharyngeal insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1) To compare nasendoscopy (NE) and multiview fluoroscopy (MVF) in assessing velopharyngeal gap size; and 2) to determine the relationship between these assessments and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of consecutive patients with VPI at a tertiary care children's hospital, assessed with NE and MVF between 1996 and 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  177 subjects. NE and MVF gap areas were correlated (R = 0.34, 95% CI 0.26-0.41). In adjusted analysis, VPI severity was associated with: 1) NE gap area (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.96-3.95), 2) MVF gap area (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.37-1.95), 3) age <5 years (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.47-7.38), and 4) previously repaired cleft palate (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.25-0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NE and MVF assessments provide complementary information and are correlated. Both are associated with VPI severity. However, the "bird's-eye view" provided by NE has a stronger correlation with VPI severity than MVF.
  
  
  METHODS
  B-2b.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Box 356515, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. djlam@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Jacqueline R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Charlotte W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Linda E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Eblen
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: Kathleen C Y
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002933:Cineradiography / Q000379:methods*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000503:physiopathology; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000503:physiopathology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology