title: Testicular seminoma--unusual histology and staging with sub epithelial spread of seminoma along the vas deferans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The route of local and metastatic spread of testicular seminoma is well recognised and accepted. The spread is via lymphatics to the paraaortic nodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case report of testicular seminoma in a 56 year old man with previously unreported histological findings. In this case seminoma tumour cells did not appear to have spread by the expected lymphatic route. There was no involvement of retro-peritoneal para-aortic lymph nodes. The tumour appeared to have spread directly along the vas deferans in the sub epithelial plane to the mesenteric lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This type of seminoma tumour spread has not previously been described and it is not a recognised route for metastasis by seminoma tumour. In this case the macroscopic clinical appearance was of a stage I tumour with normal tumour markers. However, the pathological stage of the tumour was surprisingly increased to stage III on the basis of histology and CT radiological findings. We present the unusual histological findings. In view of this unusual histological finding we reinforce the need for accurate staging and for resection of the spermatic cord close to the deep inguinal ring. Accurate staging is crucial in planning the treatment and follow up of seminoma and determines the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, Cheshire, CW1 4QJ, UK. chrislockett@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lockett
authors.forename: Ghulam M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Nandwani
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Stubington
mesh_terms: D004848:Epithelium / Q000473:pathology; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018239:Seminoma / Q000473:pathology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014649:Vas Deferens