title: Quantitatively determined uptake of cell-penetrating peptides in non-mammalian cells with an evaluation of degradation and antimicrobial effects.
abstract: Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are carriers developed to improve mammalian cell uptake of important research tools such as antisense oligonucleotides and short interfering RNAs. However, the data on CPP uptake into non-mammalian cells are limited. We have studied the uptake and antimicrobial effects of the three representative peptides penetratin (derived from a non-mammalian protein), MAP (artificial peptide) and pVEC (derived from a mammalian protein) using fluorescence HPLC in four common model systems: insect cells (Sf9), gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus megaterium), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We demonstrate that non-mammalian cells internalize CPPs and a comparison of the uptake of the peptides show that the intracellular concentration and degradation of the peptides varies widely among organisms. In addition, these CPPs showed antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.forename: Semharai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Netzereab
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hällbrink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001410:Bacillus megaterium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D007313:Insecta; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010455:Peptides