title: Clinical implications of hepatitis C virus infection in MALT-type lymphoma of the ocular adnexa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A pathogenic link between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and MALT-type lymphomas has been suggested. However, studies assessing the role of HCV infection separately in different forms of MALT lymphomas are not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prevalence and clinical implications of HCV seropositivity were analyzed in 55 patients with ocular adnexa lymphoma (OAL) of MALT-type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCV seropositivity was detected in seven (13%) patients. At presentation, HCV infection was significantly associated with concomitant extra-orbital disease, lymph node dissemination and involvement of additional extranodal organs. HCV seropositivity was associated also with a higher relapse rate and worse progression-free survival. In fact, 16 patients experienced relapse after first-line treatment: five (71%) were HCV-seropositive and 11 (23%) were HCV-seronegative, with a median TTP of 31 and 50+ months (P = 0.01), and a 5-year progression-free survival of 43 +/- 18% and 77 +/- 7% (P = 0.005), respectively. HCV-seropositive patients experienced frequent relapses despite further lines of therapy; relapses were systemic in all cases but one; multiple subcutaneous nodules were common at relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV seropositivity is present in 13% of OAL of MALT-type. Concomitant HCV infection is associated with more disseminated disease and aggressive behavior in OAL, with a consequent potential negative impact in patients managed with radiotherapy alone.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Unit, San Raffaele H Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. andres.ferreri@hsr.it
authors.forename: A J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ferreri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viale
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guidoboni
authors.forename: A Giordano
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Resti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Conciliis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lettini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sacchetti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolcetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doglioni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ponzoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies