title: Effect of vitamin E supplementation with and without hormone therapy on circulatory inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of vitamin E with and without estrogen replacement therapy or hormone therapy (HT) on inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study, followed by a randomized, prospective, double-blind study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers in an academic medical referral center in Dallas, Texas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five postmenopausal healthy women, ages 40 to 65 years, with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels greater > or =30 mIU/mL and a serum estradiol level < or =30 pg/mL.
  
  
  METHODS
  After enrollment, all women were studied at baseline and received vitamin E for 4 weeks. They were then randomized from week 4 to week 12 to receive vitamin E in conjunction with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) (0.625 mg), CEE (0.625 mg) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (2.5 mg), or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Change from baseline and between groups effects of vitamin E with and without estrogen or hormone therapy on seven circulatory inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin E levels increased to a similar extent in all three groups compared with baseline at weeks 4 and 12. Vitamin E increased serum interleukin-6 levels. Combination CEE plus MPA significantly increased C-reactive protein levels. However, there were no consistent statistically significant effects on six other inflammatory markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin E attenuated C-reactive protein increases in postmenopausal women treated with estrogen replacement therapy but not with HT. Because there was no other persistent effect on six additional inflammatory markers, it can be concluded that vitamin E and HT do not play a major role in promoting a change in cardiovascular inflammatory markers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9032, USA. bruce.carr@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adams-Huet
authors.forename: Nirupama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kakarla
authors.forename: Jon C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Havelock
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004967:Estrogens; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C466383:Prempro; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate