title: Gamma-cyclodextrin lowers postprandial glycemia and insulinemia without carbohydrate malabsorption in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preliminary in vitro and animal studies have shown that gamma-cyclodextrin (GCD) is a slowly and completely digestible carbohydrate. The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic and insulinemic responses to GCD in humans. Breath hydrogen excretion was measured simultaneously to evaluate carbohydrate malabsorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy adult subjects (N = 32) received 50 g of carbohydrate from GCD or a rapidly digested maltodextrin (MD) in a double-masked, randomized, crossover design. Plasma glucose (fingerstick) and serum insulin (venous) concentrations were measured at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min postprandially. Breath hydrogen excretion was monitored hourly for 8 h postprandially. The severity of gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, cramping, distension, flatulence) was rated by the subjects on a ranked scale for two 24-h periods postprandially.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean baseline-adjusted peak plasma glucose concentration was 47% lower (P < 0.001), and the mean baseline-adjusted peak serum insulin concentration was decreased by 45% (P < 0.001) after subjects consumed GCD compared with MD. Positive incremental area under the curve (0-120 min) was reduced 45% for plasma glucose and 49% for serum insulin by GCD compared with MD (P < 0.001 in each case). There were no differences between GCD and MD in the proportion of positive breath hydrogen tests and both carbohydrates were equally well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCD effectively lowers postprandial glycemia and insulinemia compared with MD, without resulting in appreciable carbohydrate malabsorption or gastrointestinal intolerance.
authors.affiliation: Medical Dietics Division, School of Allied Medical Professions, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1295, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Asp
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hertzler
authors.forename: Jomay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Bryan W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001944:Breath Tests; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D047408:gamma-Cyclodextrins