title: The boosting effect of co-transduction with cytokine genes on cancer vaccine therapy using genetically modified dendritic cells expressing tumor-associated antigen.
abstract: The T-helper 1 (Th1) immune reaction is most important in dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) play a pivotal role in inducing Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In this study, DCs expressing the natural tumor antigen gp70 of BALB/c-derived CT26 were adenovirally transduced with the IL-12 gene and/or GM-CSF gene, and it was examined whether vaccinations using these genetically engineered DCs can induce strong therapeutic antitumor immunity. Mice were immunized once by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection with genetically modified DCs. The cytotoxic activity of splenocytes against CT26 was assayed in a 51Cr-release assay 14 days after immunization. The therapeutic efficacy of the vaccination was examined in s.c. tumor models. The cytotoxic activity of CTLs against CT26 in mice immunized with DCs expressing gp70 (DC-AxCAgp70) was significantly augmented by co-transduction with the GM-CSF/IL-12 gene (p<0.0001) and remarkably reduced by the depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ cells (p<0.01). The cytotoxic activity against CT26 of the plain spleen cells in mice immunized with DC-AxCAgp70/GM-CSF/IL-12 was significantly higher than that in mice immunized with DC-AxCAgp70 (p<0.0001), and this activity decreased to almost 50% upon the depletion of NK cells. Vaccinations using DC-AxCAgp70/GM-CSF/IL-12 or DC-AxCAgp70/IL-12 could elicit potent therapeutic immunity in s.c. tumor models; tumor-free mice were observed in these vaccination groups. However, there was no significant difference between these two groups. A vaccination therapy using DCs co-transduced with the TAA gene and Th 1-type cytokine genes, especially the IL-12 gene, is ideal for immunotherapy in terms of the activation of DCs, NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and may be useful in the clinical application of a cancer vaccine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwahashi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Mikihito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaue
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor