title: Management of the primary varicose veins with venous ulceration with assistance of endoscopic surgery.
abstract: Two hundred sixty-two cases of primary varicose veins in which the lesions extended to the areas of the lower third of the leg and/or the ankle were treated with the assistance of endoscopic surgery. The conditions of varicose veins were classified by the reporting standards in venous disease. The number of cases in lesions of C2, C4, C5, and C6 were 60, 156, 31, and 15, respectively. They were also classified into 4 clinicoanatomic types according to varicositic changes in normal veins. The number of cases in types I, II, III, and IV were 57, 88, 42, and 75, respectively. The incidence of skin changes resulting from varicosity were 100%, 90.5%, 53%, and 50% in types I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The incidence of skin changes in this series was 77.6%. About one fourth of the cases having skin changes progressed to C5 and/or C6 lesions. Early and radical treatment of varicose veins could prevent the occurrence of skin changes and subsequently avoid the incidence of C5 and/or C6 lesions. The mean number of incisions in each limb was 2.9. With good illumination and magnified monitor view, the varicose veins and incompetent perforating veins were radically excised, but the normal veins were preserved. Forty-six cases of C5 and C6 lesions were followed up at least 1 year postoperatively. Four cases were lost from follow-up. In all cases except 1, there has been no recurrence. The conditions of skin changes improved subsequently. The recurrent rate of ulceration was 2.4%. In treatment of primary varicose veins with or without ulceration, surgery with assistance of endoscopic surgery achieved a low recurrence of ulcerations and minimal operative scarring.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan. sidalin@kmu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Sin-Daw
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kai-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Tsai-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kao-Ping
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Su-Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I-Feng
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wen-Her
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chung-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology