title: Response of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae to three xenobiotic exposures: larval tolerance and detoxifying enzyme activities.
abstract: The ability of mosquito larvae to tolerate toxic compounds (temephos, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, toxic vegetable leaf litter) was examined on a laboratory larval strain of Aedes aegypti L. Bioassays and detoxifying enzyme activity measurements were performed to compare tolerance/resistance capacities. The possibility of a functional plasticity of detoxifying equipment was investigated through experimental determination of the inductive effect of each xenobiotic within a given generation. In the same way, the selective effect of a toxic leaf litter was also investigated along successive generations. Results revealed that differential cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, esterase, and glutathione S-transferase activity levels correlated with the bioassay results. Both induction and selection increased larval tolerance to the xenobiotics used and increased the levels of larval detoxifying enzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 5553 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, Université Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. sebastien.boyer@ujf-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lemperiere
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravanel
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001681:Biological Assay; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007814:Larva / Q000201:enzymology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D000002:Temefos / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D015262:Xenobiotics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004950:Esterases; D000002:Temefos