title: Treatment outcomes of patients with AJCC stage IVC nasopharyngeal carcinoma: benefits of primary radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no agreement on the optimal management of patients initially presenting with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study was performed to investigate the treatment outcomes and to assess whether radiotherapy to the primary tumors has survival benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1993 to 2001, 806 consecutive patients with histology-proven nasopharyngeal carcinoma were registered at our department. Among them, 125 patients had distant metastases and fulfilled the criteria for stage IVC of the 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system. Tumor histology according to the World Health Organization classification was Type 2 in 67 patients and Type 3 in 58 patients. The most common site of initial metastasis was bone. A total of 28 patients refused any treatment, 39 received chemotherapy alone and 58 had radiotherapy to the primary tumor sites alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1 year overall survival rates were 25, 36 and 48% for patients with no treatment, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively. In multivariate analysis, age of diagnosis and treatment modality were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our results, radiotherapy to the primary tumor sites could be considered for patients with stage IVC nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy might have potential survival benefits. Further randomized prospective study is necessary to explore the optimal treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rdiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. yehsa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shyh-An
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Yeh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chun-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Eng-Yen
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil