title: Evaluation of an automated seed loader for seed calibration in prostate brachytherapy.
abstract: Automated seed loaders for permanent prostate implants are now commercially available. Besides improved radiation safety, these systems offer seed assay capability and ease of needle loading, making preplanned as well as intra-operative implant procedures more time-efficient. The Isoloader (Mentor Corp., CA) uses individual I125 seeds (SL-125 ProstaSeed) loaded in up to 199 chambers inside a shielded cartridge. The unit performs seed counting and calibration using a builtin solid-state detector. In order to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of the calibration process, two test cartridges were measured with the Isoloader itself and compared with a well-type ionization chamber (HDR-1000Plus, Standard Imaging). The air kerma strength measurements for all seeds using the Isoloader had a standard deviation of about 2.7%. For the eight seeds assayed more intensively using both the Isoloader and well chamber, the standard deviations of the measurements for each seed were in the range of 0.8% to 2.8% and 0.6% to 1.3%, respectively. The variation in the Isoloader calibration is attributed to small detector solid angle and bead geometry within seed capsules (verified by radiographs). The reproducibility of the air kerma strength measured by the Isoloader was comparable to that from the well chamber and was clinically acceptable. Seed strength measured with the Isoloader was on average 1% 2% larger than that measured with the well chamber, indicating that the accuracy of the Isoloader was clinically acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, 25 King Street West, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5P9, Canada.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Chandra P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carnes
authors.forename: L John
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schreiner
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009339:Needles; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011878:Radiotherapy; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards