title: Impact of electrostimulation of neurovascular bundles and pudendal nerves on the membranous urethra in male rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathophysiology of post-prostatectomy incontinence is supposed to be multifactorial. The impact of the neurovascular bundles on sphincter function is still under debate. We clarified the impact of cavernous nerves function on the MU. We compared MU pressure responses in male rabbits following electrophysiological stimulation trials on the neurovascular bundles vs pudendal nerve stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male Chinchilla Bastard rabbits were included in this study. Pudendal and cavernous nerve branches were exposed bilaterally in all animals. Randomized electrostimulation of pudendal nerve fibers and the cavernous nerves, as confirmed by erection,) were done using a biphasic signal form of 0.3 mA for 200 microseconds. Stimulation frequency was changed in a randomized pattern from 10 to 40 Hz. Changes in MU pressure were measured urodynamically via a transurethral microtip catheter placed in the MU. Stimulation responses of the 2 nerve structures were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean baseline pressure in the MU without stimulation was 23 cm H(2)O (range 20 to 25) in all animals. During unilateral pudendal stimulation the mean pressure response increased highly significantly to 33, 43, 59 and 60 cm H(2)O at 10, 20, 30 and 40 Hz, respectively (p <0.005). In contrast, compared to baseline pressure cavernous nerve stimulation did not result in any significant changes in proximal urethral pressure (mean 23 cm H(2)O, range 20 to 25, p >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm the primacy of the pudendal nerve in the external urethral sphincter innervation. In contrast, stimulation of the cavernous nerves did not produce any pressure changes in the MU. These results confirm that the neurovascular bundles have no functional impact on the MU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany. cvanderhorst@urology.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seif
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boehler
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Martinez Portillo
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Juenemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*