title: Arithmetic difficulties in females with the fragile X premutation.
abstract: Females with the fragile X full mutation have been reported to have difficulty learning mathematics. Women with the fragile X premutation often give a history of mathematics difficulties in themselves especially with higher level math. In order to evaluate whether women with the premutation have difficulty with math, we asked women with both the fragile X premutation and full mutation to complete the Wide Range Achievement Test-3. For the group of 39 women with the fragile X premutation, the median standard score on the Arithmetic portion was 93, which was significantly lower (P = 0.001) than the median of the standardized norm of 100. Only nine of the women had Arithmetic scores at or above the 50th centile, while over half of the women had standard scores at or above the 50th centile in Reading and Spelling. The eight women with the full mutation also had lower Arithmetic scores than Reading and Spelling scores. These data suggest that mathematics may be an area of relative weakness for the women with the premutation as well as the full mutation. This possibility should be evaluated further by using other measures. This information is important both for counseling purposes and to understand whether a mathematics deficit is evidence of low expression of the FMR1 gene in the premutation state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. lachi002@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Ave M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lachiewicz
authors.forename: Deborah V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Gail A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Spiridigliozzi
authors.forename: Allyn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConkie-Rosell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D011932:Reading; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics*; D014956:Writing
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1