title: Comparative in vivo evaluation of technetium and iodine labels on an anti-HER2 affibody for single-photon imaging of HER2 expression in tumors.
abstract: In vivo diagnosis with cancer-specific targeting agents that have optimal characteristics for imaging is an important development in treatment planning for cancer patients. Overexpression of the HER2 antigen is high in several types of carcinomas and has predictive and prognostic value, especially for breast cancer. A new type of targeting agent, the Affibody molecule, was described recently. An Affibody dimer, His6-(ZHER2:4)2 (15.4 kDa), binds to HER2 with an affinity of 3 nmol/L and might be used for the imaging of HER2 expression. The use of 99mTc might improve the availability of the labeled conjugate, and Tc(I)-carbonyl chemistry enables the site-specific labeling of the histidine tag on the Affibody molecule. The goals of the present study were to prepare 99mTc-labeled His6-(ZHER2:4)2 and to evaluate its targeting properties compared with the targeting properties of 125I-4-iodobenzoate-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 [125I-His6-(ZHER2:4)2].
  
  
  METHODS
  The labeling of His6-(ZHER2:4)2 with 99mTc was performed with an IsoLink kit. The specificity of 99mTc-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 binding to HER2 was evaluated in vitro with SK-OV-3 ovarian carcinoma cells. The comparative biodistributions of 99mTc-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 and 125I-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 in tumor-bearing BALB/c nu/nu mice were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The labeling yield for 99mTc-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 was approximately 60% (50 degrees C), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 97%. The conjugate was stable during storage and under histidine and cysteine challenges and demonstrated receptor-specific binding. The biodistribution study demonstrated tumor-specific uptake levels (percentage injected activity per gram of tissue [%IA/g]) of 2.6 %IA/g for 99mTc-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 and 2.3 %IA/g for 125I-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 at 4 h after injection. Both conjugates provided clear imaging of SK-OV-3 xenografts at 6 h after injection. The tumor-to-nontumor ratios were much more favorable for the radioiodinated Affibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of Tc(I)-carbonyl chemistry enabled us to prepare a stable, site-specifically labeled 99mTc-His6-(ZHER2:4)2 conjugate that was able to bind to HER2-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. The indirectly radioiodinated conjugate provided better tumor-to-liver ratios. The labeling of Affibody molecules with 99mTc should be investigated further.
authors.affiliation: Affibody AB, Bromma, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlova
authors.forename: Fredrik Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wikman
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Widström
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ståhl
authors.forename: Jörgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tolmachev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017785:Photons; D011485:Protein Binding; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013667:Technetium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D013667:Technetium