Analysis of phenothiazines in human body fluids using disk solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography.
Seven phenothiazine derivatives, perazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, propericiazine, thioproperazine, trifluoperazine, and flupentixol, have been found to be extractable from human plasma and urine samples using disk solid-phase extraction (SPE) with an Empore C18 cartridge. Human plasma and urine (1 mL each) containing the 7 phenothiazine derivatives were mixed with 2 mL of 0.1M NaOH and 7 mL distilled water and then poured into the disk SPE cartridges. The drugs were eluted with 1 mL chloroform- acetonitrile (8 + 2) and determined by liquid chromatography with ammonium formate/formic acid-acetonitrile gradient elution. The detection was performed by ultraviolet absorption at 250 nm. The separation of the 7 phenothiazine derivatives from each other and from impurities was generally satisfactory using a SymmetryShield RP8 column (150 x 2.1 mm id, 3.5 microm particle size). The recoveries of the 7 phenothiazine derivatives spiked into plasma and urine samples were 64.0-89.9% and 65.1-92.1%, respectively. Regression equations for the 7 phenothiazine derivatives showed excellent linearity, with detection limits of 0.021-0.30 microg/mL for plasma and 0.017-0.30 microg/mL for urine. The within-day and day-to-day coefficients of variation for both samples were commonly below 9.0 and 14.9%, respectively.
Marumo
Akemi
A
Showa University School of Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
Kumazawa
Takeshi
T
Lee
Xiao-Pen
XP
Fujimaki
Koichiro
K
Kuriki
Ayako
A
Hasegawa
Chika
C
Sato
Keizo
K
Seno
Hiroshi
H
Suzuki
Osamu
O
D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
D000097:Acetonitriles; D010640:Phenothiazines; D014867:Water; D002725:Chloroform; C031637:phenothiazine; C032159:acetonitrile