title: Novel analgesic triglycerides from cultures of Agaricus macrosporus and other basidiomycetes as selective inhibitors of neurolysin.
abstract: The agaricoglycerides are a new class of fungal secondary metabolites that constitute esters of chlorinated 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and glycerol. They are produced in cultures of the edible mushroom, Agaricus macrosporus, and several other basidiomycetes of the genera Agaricus, Hypholoma, Psathyrella and Stropharia. The main active principle, agaricoglyceride A, showed strong activities against neurolysin, a protease involved in the regulation of dynorphin and neurotensin metabolism (IC50 = 200 nM), and even exhibited moderate analgesic in vivo activities in an in vivo model. Agaricoglyceride monoacetates (IC50 = 50 nM) showed even stronger in vitro activities. Several further co-metabolites with weaker or lacking bioactivities were also obtained and characterized. Among those were further agaricoglyceride derivatives, as well as further chlorinated phenol derivatives such as the new compound, agaricic ester. The characteristics of the producer organisms, the isolation of bioactive metabolites from cultures of A. macrosporus, their biological activities, and preliminary results on their occurrence in basidiomycetes, are described.
authors.affiliation: Bayer Health Care, Pharma Division, Research Center Wuppertal, Bldg. 0452, P.O.B. 10 17 09, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany. marc.stadler@t-online.de
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hellwig
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayer-Bartschmid
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denzer
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005285:Fermentation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D003470:Culture Media; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014280:Triglycerides; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C062316:neurolysin