title: Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of pediatric urological retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our understanding of the effects of retroperitoneal CO(2) insufflation on cardiopulmonary variables in children remains limited. This study was designed to investigate prospectively the effect of CO(2) insufflation in a pediatric population undergoing retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated a consecutive series of patients enrolled between July 2003 and August 2004. Anesthesia was administered following a standardized protocol. Data collection included respiratory rate, PAP, O(2) saturation, ETCO(2), HR, MAP, electrocardiogram and insufflation pressure. All variables were recorded before, during and after CO(2) insufflation at regular intervals of 1 to 2 minutes, with up to 23 measurements recorded for each period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 participants were recruited. Mean +/- SD for age and weight were 79.4 +/- 53.2 months and 26.7 +/- 15.5 kg, respectively. Mean retroperitoneal CO(2) insufflation pressure was kept at 12 mm Hg. Significant differences (p <0.05) in average ETCO(2), PAP and MAP were noted after CO(2) insufflation compared to baseline (pre-pneumoretroperitoneum) values. HR and temperature did not change. At completion of the laparoscopic intervention physiological variables exhibited a trend to return to baseline values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective study documents significant changes in systemic hemodynamic variables that seem to be directly associated with the insufflation of CO(2) during pediatric retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. This ongoing evaluation confirms the effect of laparoscopic urological surgery and CO(2) insufflation on cardiopulmonary function in children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Armando J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karsli
authors.forename: Sarel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halachmi
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dolci
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Luginbuehl
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bissonnette
authors.forename: Walid A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Farhat
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space