title: Risks of non-accidental mortality by baseline CD4+ T-cell strata in hepatitis-C-positive and -negative individuals initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV experience higher mortality rates than patients infected with HIV alone. We designed a study to determine whether risks for later mortality are similar for HCV-positive and HCV-negative individuals when subjects are stratified on the basis of baseline CD4+ T-cell counts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antiretroviral-naive individuals, who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between 1996 and 2002 were included in the study. HCV-positive and HCV-negative individuals were stratified separately by baseline CD4+ T-cell counts of 50 cell/microl increments. Cox-proportional hazards regression was used to model the effect of these strata with other variables on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD4+ T-cell strata below 200 cells/microl, but not above, imparted an increased relative hazard (RH) of mortality for both HCV-positive and HCV-negative individuals. Among HCV-positive individuals, after adjustment for baseline age, HIV RNA levels, history of injection drug use and adherence to therapy, only CD4+ T-cell strata of <50 cells/microl (RH=4.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.72-7.76) and 50-199 cells/microl (RH=2.49; 95% CI 1.63-3.81) were significantly associated with increased mortality when compared with those initiating therapy at cell counts >500 cells/microl. The same baseline CD4+ T-cell strata were found for HCV-negative individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a within-groups analysis, the baseline CD4+ T-cell strata that are associated with increased RHs for mortality are the same for HCV-positive and HCV-negative individuals initiating HAART. However, a between-groups analysis reveals a higher absolute mortality risk for HCV-positive individuals.
authors.affiliation: BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. dmoore@cfenet.ubc.ca
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Braitstein
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Benito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Julio S G
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Montaner
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies