title: Endoscopic management of liver abscesses and cysts that communicate with intrahepatic bile ducts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The formation of a communication between liver abscesses or cysts and intrahepatic bile ducts is an uncommon cause of significant bile leak. Surgical management of biliary fistulas is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We performed a prospective study of endoscopic management of this type of biliary fistula.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 26 patients who had either liver abscesses or hepatic cysts that had ruptured into the intrahepatic bile ducts. The presence of a biliary fistula was suspected by jaundice and/or by the appearance of bile in percutaneous drainage effluent from a liver abscess and was confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Once the route of the fistula between the liver abscess or cyst and the intrahepatic bile duct had been defined by cholangiography, patients underwent treatment by sphincterotomy, and either biliary stenting or nasobiliary drainage. Nasobiliary drains or biliary stents (both 7 Fr) were placed according to standard techniques. Nasobiliary drains were removed when bile leakage stopped and closure of the fistula was confirmed by cholangiography; stents were removed after an interval of 4-6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 525 patients with hepatic abscesses or cysts who were seen over a 5-year period, there were 26 patients who developed a demonstrable communication between liver abscesses (n = 20; 16 amebic, four pyogenic) or hydatid cysts (n = 6) and intrahepatic bile ducts (right intrahepatic bile ducts in 22 patients, left intrahepatic bile ducts in four patients). We performed either sphincterotomy with insertion of a nasobiliary drain (n = 20) or sphincterotomy with biliary stenting (n = 6). The fistulas healed in all patients after a mean time of 4 days (range 2-20 days) after endoscopic treatment. We were able to remove the nasobiliary drainage catheters and stents 6-34 days after their placement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case series, endoscopic therapy appears to be an effective mode of treatment for biliary fistulas complicating liver abscesses and cysts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Rm. No. 203, 2nd Floor Academic Block, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi 110002, India. drbcsharma@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D001658:Biliary Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D004066:Digestive System Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D004322:Drainage; D004444:Echinococcosis, Hepatic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents