title: Optic neuritis associated with etanercept therapy for juvenile arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to describe cases of optic neuritis associated with etanercept therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was undertaken on all patients that developed uveitis or optic neuritis associated with etanercept therapy between January 2003 and January 2005 in 2 medical centers: Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, and Kaplan Medical Center, Israel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients (3 girls, 1 boy) treated with etanercept for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are presented. The 3 girls had oligoarticular-onset JRA. The boy had HLA-B27-positive juvenile spondyloarthropathy and bilateral uveitis. After a mean follow-up of 10 months (range, 2.5-18 months) all 4 patients had reduced visual acuity due to optic neuritis, which was accompanied by vitreitis in 2 eyes. In 3 patients, the discontinuation of etanercept, together with steroid treatment, resulted in resolution of the inflammation. The fourth patient elected to continue etanercept treatment and experienced no further deterioration in visual acuity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optic neuritis is a potentially sight-threatening complication of etanercept therapy. Patients with JRA who are candidates for therapy should be examined by an ophthalmologist before starting treatment and then regularly thereafter. Ophthalmologists and rheumatologists should be aware of this hazard and be cautious when using etanercept in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zrifin, Israel.
authors.forename: Tsivia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tauber
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turetz
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barash
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Avni
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000068800:Etanercept