title: Role of the parvicellular reticular formation in facilitating the jaw-opening reflex in rats by stimulation of the red nucleus.
abstract: In a previous study, we have shown that electrical and chemical stimulation of the red nucleus (RN) facilitates the jaw-opening reflex (JOR). The RN sends projection fibers bilaterally, with contralateral dominance, to the part of the parvicellular reticular formation (RFp) containing premotor neurons projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus. This implies that RN-induced facilitation of the JOR might be mediated via last-order neurons in the RFp. Here, we address this issue by investigating whether microinjection of lidocaine or l-glutamate into the RFp affects RN-induced modulation of the JOR. Experiments were performed on rats anesthetized with urethane-chloralose. The JOR was evoked by electrical stimulation of the inferior alveolar (IA) nerve and was recorded as an electromyographic response from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. Conditioning stimulation was delivered unilaterally to the RN 12 ms before the IA test stimulation. We found that local injections of 2% lidocaine (0.5 microl) into the RFp, contralateral to the RN, significantly (P < 0.05) reduce RN-induced facilitation of the JOR, whereas corresponding injections of 0.1 mM l-glutamate (0.5 microl) significantly (P < 0.05) increase it. These results suggest that the facilitatory effect of RN stimulation on the JOR is mediated partly by a relay in the RFp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Niigata 951-8580, Japan. ysatoh@ngt.ndu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Ken'Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oskutyte
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007568:Jaw / Q000502:physiology; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012012:Red Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008012:Lidocaine