title: Chronic constipation in overweight children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity and functional constipation seem to share a common biopsychosocial model of causation. Though chronic constipation can significantly affect the quality of life of an overweight child, this association has not been highlighted in the literature. The purpose of this study was to compare the proportion of overweight children among children with chronic constipation with a control group of children with normal bowel habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review with a control population. One hundred one consecutive children 5-18 years of age referred to the Subspecialty Clinic for functional constipation were the study group. The control group consisted of 100 consecutive children from the general pediatric practice seen for physicals and minor illnesses. Children with a body mass index (BMI) of >85 percentile from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) 2000 chart were classified as overweight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The control and study groups were statistically comparable in mean age (10.97 +/- 3.83 years and 8.07 +/- 2.56 years, respectively) and gender ratio (58 males in each group). Thirty children in the control group and 44 in the study population were overweight (p < .05). Among children with chronic constipation, the group of overweight children was male predominant (70.45% vs 47.36%, p < .05), had increased incidence of psychological/behavioral problems (45.45% vs 22.8%, p < .05), and was more likely to fail treatment (40.9% vs 21.05%, p < .05). There was no significant difference in the clinical profile of constipation, such as mean duration of constipation before presentation, sex ratio, incidence of painful defecation, and soiling and frequency of defecation between these 2 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There appears to be an association between chronic severe constipation and being overweight. Children with constipation are more likely to be overweight when compared with controls. Among children with chronic constipation, overweight individuals seem to constitute a distinct clinical group. This group is male predominant, has increased incidence of psychological/behavioral disorders, and is more likely to fail treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, UIC College of Medicine at Peoria, 320 E. Armstrong, Peoria, IL, USA. smisra@uic.edu
authors.forename: Sudipta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gensel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002400:Cathartics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics