title: Electroanatomic reconstruction of the left atrium, pulmonary veins, and esophagus compared with the "true anatomy" on multislice computed tomography in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current concepts of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly use three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the left atrium (LA) for orientation, catheter navigation, and ablation line placement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the 3D electroanatomic reconstruction (Carto) of the LA, pulmonary veins (PVs), and esophagus with the true anatomy displayed on multislice computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 100 patients undergoing AF catheter ablation underwent contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan with barium swallow and subsequent multiplanar and 3D reconstructions. Using Carto, circumferential plus linear LA lesions were placed. The esophagus was tagged and integrated into the Carto map.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the true anatomy on CT, the electroanatomic reconstruction accurately displayed the true distance between the lower PVs; the distances between left upper PV, left lower PV, right lower PV, and center of the esophagus; the longitudinal diameter of the encircling line around the funnel of the left PVs; and the length of the mitral isthmus line. Only the distances between the upper PVs, the distance between the right upper PV and esophagus, and the diameter of the right encircling line were significantly shorter on the electroanatomic reconstructions. Furthermore, electroanatomic tagging of the esophagus reliably visualized the true anatomic relationship to the LA. On multiple tagging and repeated CT scans, the LA and esophagus showed a stable anatomic relationship, without relevant sideward shifting of the esophagus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electroanatomic reconstruction can display with high accuracy the true 3D anatomy of the LA and PVs in most of the regions of interest for AF catheter ablation. In addition, Carto was able to visualize the true anatomic relationship between the esophagus and LA. Both structures showed a stable anatomic relationship on Carto and CT without relevant sideward shifting of the esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center, Department of Electrophysiology, University of Leipzig, Strümpellstrase 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piorkowski
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Hildegard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weise
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Jin-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gerds-Li
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kottkamp
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome