title: Estrogen alters spine number and morphology in prefrontal cortex of aged female rhesus monkeys.
abstract: Long-term cyclic treatment with 17beta-estradiol reverses age-related impairment in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys on a test of cognitive function mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we examined potential neurobiological substrates of this effect using intracellular loading and morphometric analyses to test the possibility that the cognitive benefits of hormone treatment are associated with structural plasticity in layer III pyramidal cells in PFC area 46. 17beta-Estradiol did not affect several parameters such as total dendritic length and branching. In contrast, 17beta-estradiol administration increased apical and basal dendritic spine density, and induced a shift toward smaller spines, a response linked to increased spine motility, NMDA receptor-mediated activity, and learning. These results document that, although the aged primate PFC is vulnerable in the absence of factors such as circulating estrogens, it remains responsive to long-term cyclic 17beta-estradiol treatment, and that increased dendritic spine density and altered spine morphology may contribute to the cognitive benefits of such treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Abba E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.forename: Shoshana R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Leffler
authors.forename: William G M
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wearne
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects*; D049229:Dendritic Spines / Q000187:drug effects*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; D004958:Estradiol; C017475:lucifer yellow