title: Phage phiC31 integrase-mediated genomic integration of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain in human T-cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1, X-SCID) is a life-threatening disease caused by a mutated common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gammac) gene. Although ex vivo gene therapy, i.e., transduction of the gammac gene into autologous CD34(+) cells, has been successful for treating SCID-X1, the retrovirus vector-mediated transfer allowed dysregulated integration, causing leukemias. Here, to explore an alternative gene transfer methodology that may offer less risk of insertional mutagenesis, we employed the phiC31 integrase-based integration system using human T-cell lines, including the gammac-deficient ED40515(-).
  
  
  METHODS
  A phiC31 integrase and a neo(r) gene expression plasmid containing the phiC31 attB sequence were co-delivered by electroporation into Jurkat cells. After G418 selection, integration site analyses were performed using linear amplification mediated-polymerase chain reaction (LAM-PCR). ED40515(-) cells were also transfected with a gammac expression plasmid containing attB, and the integration sites were determined. IL-2 stimulation was used to assess the functionality of the transduced gammac in an ED40515(-)-derived clone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following co-introduction of the phiC31 integrase expression plasmid and the plasmid carrying attB, the efficiency of integration into the unmodified human genome was assessed. Several integration sites were characterized, including new integration sites in intergenic regions on chromosomes 13 and 18 that may be preferred in hematopoietic cells. An ED40515(-) line bearing the integrated gammac gene exhibited stable expression of the gammac protein, with normal IL-2 signaling, as assessed by STAT5 activation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the possible future use of this phiC31 integrase-mediated genomic integration strategy as an alternative gene therapy approach for treating SCID-X1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumaki
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kugoh
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshimura
authors.forename: Michele P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Calos
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamura
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics*; D053631:Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000235:genetics*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; C507941:IL2RG protein, human; D053631:Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D019426:Integrases