title: Growth, bone mass, and vitamin D status of Chinese adolescent girls 3 y after withdrawal of milk supplementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A 2-y school milk intervention trial showed that 330 mL of a dietary milk supplement (fortified with calcium alone or with both calcium and vitamin D) enhanced the growth and bone mineral accretion of Chinese girls aged 10 y at baseline. Girls who received milk fortified with both calcium and vitamin D also had better vitamin D status than did girls who received nothing or girls who received milk fortified only with calcium.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate whether these effects were sustained 3 y after supplement withdrawal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric measures and dietary intake were reassessed in 501 of the 698 girls whose data had been studied at the end of the intervention. As in the intervention phase, total-body bone mineral content and bone mineral density and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in half of these subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, 99% of girls had reached menarche, at a mean (+/-SD) menarcheal age of 12.1 +/- 1.1 y. No significant differences in the timing of menarche were observed between the 3 groups (P = 0.6). No significant differences in the changes of total-body bone mineral content and bone mineral density since baseline were observed between the groups. The group receiving calcium-fortified milk had significantly greater gains in sitting height (0.9 +/- 0.3%; P = 0.02) than did the control group. The group that received calcium- and vitamin D-fortified milk had 17.1 +/- 6.7% lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations than did the control group (P = 0.04), but the difference was attenuated by additional adjustment for physical activity level (14.2 +/- 6.7%; P = 0.08).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Milk supplementation during early puberty does not have long-lasting effects on bone mineral accretion.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Leng Huat
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trube
authors.forename: Guansheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiaoqi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xueqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Chris T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Cowell
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Greenfield
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche / Q000502:physiology; D008892:Milk; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D014807:Vitamin D