title: Peripheral region for core cross-beta plays important role in amyloidogenicity.
abstract: The role of the peripheral sequence neighboring the core cross-beta region was investigated using a peptide library constructed with all possible combinations of Lys, Glu, Ser, and Leu at three residue positions (X1-X3) forming the N-terminal region linked to the amyloid core sequence of the barnase-derived segment (A4-K22). By means of CD spectra and thioflavin T binding assay for 64 peptides, not only the composition but also the sequence in the peripheral region were found to be responsible for amyloid formation. The preferences of amino acid residues in the peripheral region of the amyloid-forming peptides were in the order of Leu approximately SerGlu>>Lys. A balance of positive and negative charges was found to be essential for amyloid formation, suggesting that the electrostatic interaction at the surface of the amyloid fibrils is relevant to their stability. On the basis of the maximum fluorescence wavelength of fibril-bound thioflavin T, the highly amyloidogenic peptides were classified into two classes, which exhibited the sequence preferences of (Leu, Ser/Glu, and Leu) and (Glu, Leu, and Ser) for the peripheral sequence (X1, X2, and X3). The former class can be rationally assigned to the structural model with deep grooves along the fibril axis. Thus, the peripheral sequence regulates the manner of molecular packing in the fibrils as well as the amyloidogenicity. In addition, the chains of the peripheral sequence are most likely to form thioflavin T binding sites.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 6, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. morii.hi@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morii
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saiki
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konakahara
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishimura
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000686:Amyloidosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001665:Binding Sites; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D005453:Fluorescence; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019151:Peptide Library; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019151:Peptide Library; D013844:Thiazoles; C009462:thioflavin T; D012260:Ribonucleases; C019760:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ribonuclease