title: Comparison of commercially available and novel West Nile virus immunoassays for detection of seroconversion in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina).
abstract: We report the assessment and validation of an NS1 epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in macaques. Sera from naturally infected Macaca nemestrina were tested by ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results were correlated with hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) data. Our results demonstrate that the blocking ELISA rapidly and specifically detects WNV infection in M. nemestrina. In addition, the diagnostic value of 7 commercially available immunoassays (PanBio immunoglobulin [Ig] M ELISA, PanBio IgG ELISA, PanBio immunofluorescence assay (IFA), InBios IgG ELISA, InBios IgM ELISA, Focus Diagnostics IgG ELISA, and Focus Diagnostics IgM ELISA) in M. nemestrina was evaluated and compared with that of the epitope-blocking ELISA. The PanBio IgG ELISA was found to effectively diagnose WNV exposure in M. nemestrina. Further, PanBio IFA slides are fast and reliable screening tools for diagnosing flaviviral exposure in M. nemestrina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA. rgamboa@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Renee R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hukkanen
authors.forename: H Denny
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Liggitt
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Beaty
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Marlenee
authors.forename: Roy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bielefeldt-Ohmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins