title: Isodicentric Yp: prenatal diagnosis and outcome in 12 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1. To present the prenatal cytogenetic findings and postnatal outcome of 12 cases with an isodicentric chromosome composed of the short arm of the Y chromosome.2. To review the literature and provide recommendations for cytogenetic analysis and counseling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prenatal and postnatal cytogenetic data and clinical findings of isodicentric Yp ascertained in six institutions were gathered and reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of the twelve cases were referred for advanced maternal age (AMA), one of which was a twin pregnancy with one twin having an increased nuchal translucency measurement. The remaining cases were referred owing to a family history of hemophilia and an abnormal maternal serum screen, respectively. Nine of these pregnancies resulted in the birth of a normal-appearing male infant with subsequent normal growth and psychomotor development. Follow-up ranged from birth to 7 years. In two cases, the pregnancy was terminated and the fetuses showed male external genitalia. In the case ascertained because of an increased nuchal translucency measurement, the prenatal diagnosis of 45,X was made. At birth, there were ambiguous genitalia, and postnatal cytogenetic studies found an isodicentric Yp. In 11 of the 12 cases, mosaicism was present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our cases show that the prenatal finding of an isodicentric Yp, with or without 45,X mosaicism, is compatible with normal male phenotype in most cases, particularly in the absence of other anomalies. To ensure accuracy in cytogenetic reporting and prenatal counseling, the identification of a structurally abnormal or small Y chromosome, either alone or in the presence of 45,X colonies, should be followed immediately by confirmatory molecular cytogenetic investigations as well as by ultrasound determination of the phenotypic sex of the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. helene.bruyere@vch.ca
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruyère
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Speevak
authors.forename: E J T
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Winsor
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Fréminville
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McGowan-Jordan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McGillivray
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chitayat
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McFadden
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adouard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Terespolsky
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prieur
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pantzar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrynchak
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D005837:Genitalia, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D009030:Mosaicism; D048208:Nuchal Translucency Measurement; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations / Q000196:embryology*; D014424:Turner Syndrome; D014427:Twins