[Bovine neosporosis: general concepts, immunity and perspectives for vaccination].
Neospora caninum causes abortions in cattle worldwide. The Neospora-cycle of life is heteroxenous. Dogs (Canis familiaris) and coyotes (Canis latrans) are the definitive hosts known at present. Although, transplacental infection is an efficiently mode of transmission in cattle; there are also experimental and field data that prove horizontal transmission. Several techniques are available for diagnosis since neosporosis is recognized as a disease that causes economic losses in cattle. The mechanisms that produce the abortion are not completely understood. The immunomodulation observed during the pregnancy, is associated with a susceptible period where Neospora-abortion can occur. Resistance to the parasite is dependent on T helper cell 1 cytokine responses. This has important repercussions for pregnant female bovine because strong T helper cell 1 cytokine responses are incompatible with successful pregnancy. However, it was demonstrated that chronically infected cows develop immune mechanisms against the abortion caused by a second Neospora-exposure. The comprehension of those mechanisms is needed for the formulation of Neospora-vaccines that prevent bovine neosporosis. General concepts about neosporosis with emphasis in the immune response and perspectives for vaccination are mentioned in the present review.
Moore
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DP
Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, Patología Veterinaria, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), CC 276, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina.
Odeón
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AC
Venturini
M C
MC
Campero
C M
CM
D000034:Abortion, Veterinary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D003049:Coccidiostats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D018688:Neospora / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D003049:Coccidiostats; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines