title: Two-year outcomes in patients with mild refractory angina treated with enhanced external counterpulsation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the International Enhanced External Counterpulsation Patient Registry (IEPR), approximately 85% of the patients treated are in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class III-IV with no option for further invasive coronary revascularization procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine whether it is clinically important to establish whether the observed durable reduction in disabling severe angina with enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) treatment can be extended to those with less severe CCS class II angina, who also have no option for further revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated the immediate response, durability and clinical events over a 2-year period after EECP treatment in 112 patients with Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class II angina versus 1346 patients with class III-IV angina using data from the International EECP Patient Registry (IEPR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with EECP significantly (by at least one CCS class) reduced angina frequency, nitroglycerin use, and improved quality of life in both groups. At 2-year follow-up, 74% of class II and 70% of class III-IV patients remained free of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and continued to demonstrate a durable CCS class improvement over baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The robust effectiveness of EECP as a noninvasive device, together with its relatively low start-up and recurrent costs, makes it an attractive consideration for treating patients with milder refractory angina in addition to the patient with severely disabling angina treated in current practice.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. William.lawson@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: John C K
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Kennard
authors.forename: Sheryl F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Kelsey
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Michaels
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soran
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015908:Counterpulsation / Q000379:methods*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome