title: Endoscopic extruded screw removal after anterior cervical disc fusion: technical case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Symptomatic complications related to screw migration and extrusion after anterior cervical disc fusion are uncommon.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of significant dysphagia owing to late screw migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  An endoscopic transpharyngeal removal was performed without pharyngeal closure and with relief of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A transpharyngeal endoscopic approach to remove loose anterior cervical hardware is feasible and warrants further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Wha-Joon
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jonas M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Brendan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Stack
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws / Q000009:adverse effects; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects