title: Phase transitions and microstructure of emulsion systems prepared with acylglycerols/zinc stearate emulsifier.
abstract: The emulsification processes, during which acylglycerols/zinc stearate emulsifier, water, and oil phase formed ternary systems, such as water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, oil-in-water (O/W) dispersions, and unstable oil-water mixtures, were investigated in order to characterize the progressive transformations of the dispersed systems. The type, structure, and phase transitions of the systems were found to be determined by temperature and water phase content. Crystallization of the emulsifier caused the destabilization and subsequent phase inversion of the emulsions studied, at a temperature of 60-61 degrees C. The observed destabilization was temporary and led, at lower temperature, to W/O emulsions, "O/W + O" systems, or O/W dispersions, depending on the water content. Simultaneous emulsification and cooling of 20-50 wt % water systems resulted in the formation of stable W/O emulsions that contained a number of large water droplets with dispersed oil globules inside them ("W/O + O/W/O"). In water-rich systems (60-80 wt % of water), crystallization of the emulsifier was found to influence the formation of crystalline vesicle structures that coexisted, in the external water phase, with globules of crystallized oil phase. Results of calorimetric, rheological, and light scattering experiments, for the O/W dispersions obtained, indicate the possible transition of a monostearoylglycerol-based alpha-crystalline gel phase to a coagel state, in these multicomponent systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Technology of Fats and Detergents, Chemical Faculty, Gdañsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdañsk, Poland. adamm@chem.pg.gda.pl
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macierzanka
authors.forename: Halina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Szelag
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moschakis
authors.forename: Brent S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Murray