Chromatin dynamics and the evolution of alternate promoter states.
Eucaryotic gene transcriptional switches utilize changes both in the activity and composition of soluble transcription factor complexes, and epigenetic modifications to the chromatin template. Until recently, alternate states of promoter activity have been associated with the assembly of relatively stable multiprotein complexes on target genes, with transitions in the composition of these complexes occurring on the time scale of minutes or hours. The development of living cell techniques to characterize transcription factor function in real time has led to an alternate view of highly dynamic protein/template interactions. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that energy-dependent processes contribute significantly to the rapid movement of proteins in living cells, and to the exchange of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins with regulatory elements. Potential mechanisms involved in the unexpectedly rapid flux of factor/template interactions are discussed in the context of a "return-to-template" model for transcription factor function.
Hager
Gordon L
GL
Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 41, Room B602, Bethesda, MD 20892-5055, USA. hagerg@exchange.nih.gov
Elbi
Cem
C
Johnson
Thomas A
TA
Voss
Ty
T
Nagaich
Akhilesh K
AK
Schiltz
R Louis
RL
Qiu
Yi
Y
John
Sam
S
D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D002843:Chromatin; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear