[Preclinical development of the TIMC LER (light endoscope robot)].
BACKGROUND
The authors participated in the development of an innovative endoscope robot in laparoscopic surgery designed by TIMC-GMCAO, providing a solution to the disadvantages of currently available systems, i.e. their cost and large dimensions.


METHODS
A compact robot (LER) placed on the patient's skin that can be used in the lateral and dorsal supine position was tested on cadavres and laboratory pigs in order to allow successive modifications. The current control system is based on voice recognition. The amplitude of vision is 360 degrees with an angle of 160 degrees. Twenty three procedures were performed (2 radical prostatectomies, 4 pelvic lymph node dissections, 6 nephrectomies, 2 adrenalectomies, 3 cholecystectomies, 1 small bowel resection-anastomosis, 1 cystectomy, 1 splenectomy, and 3 appendicectomies).


RESULTS
Among the various control systems tested, we adopted voice recognition on the basis of its intuitive nature and the fact that it leaves one hand free. In the light of these studies, several aspects of the prototype were modified: reliability, fixation, ergonomy and dimensions. The ease of installation, which takes only 5 minutes, and the easy handling of the robot allowed 21 out of 23 laparoscopic procedures to be performed without the need for an assistant.


CONCLUSIONS
The LER robot is an endoscope robot guided by the surgeon's voice that can eliminate the need for an assistant to hold the camera during laparoscopic surgery in the lateral and dorsal supine positions. The ease of installation and manufacture should make this an effective and inexpensive system. The gain in operating time was not evaluated during these trials on cadavres and pigs, as various prototypes were tested and several problems of reliability were successively resolved. Ongoing randomized, prospective clinical trials should soon validate this robot prior to marketing.
Long
Jean-Alexandre
JA
Service de Chirurgie Urologique et de la Transplantation rénale, CHU de Grenoble, France. j.long@libertysurf.fr
Cinquin
Philippe
P
Troccaz
Jocelyne
J
Rambeaud
Jean-Jacques
JJ
Skowron
Olivier
O
Berkelman
Peter
P
Letoublon
Christian
C
Cadi
Pierre
P
Bocqueraz
Frédéric
F
Voros
Sandrine
S
Descotes
Jean-Luc
JL
D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008027:Light; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013552:Swine