title: Isolated limb perfusion for melanoma patients--a review of its indications and the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The treatment of melanoma in-transit metastases (IT-mets) can vary widely and is dependant on the size and the number of the lesions. When multiple, large lesions exist, isolated limb perfusion (ILP) has established itself as an attractive treatment option with high response rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review on the various methods of treatment of melanoma in-transit metastases, with a focus on isolated limb perfusion. A Medline based literature search was performed for articles relating to this topic. Additional original papers were obtained from citations in those identified by the initial search. Indications and results are discussed and the extra value of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ILP with Melphalan results in complete response rates of 40-82% and showed to be 54% in a large retrospective meta-analysis. The addition of TNF can improve these completes response rates (59-85%) and although no data from randomized controlled trials are available, it seems of particular value in large, bulky lesions or in patients with recurrent disease after previous ILP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-based ILP has earned a permanent place in the treatment of patients with melanoma IT-mets. In patients with a high tumour burden, TNF-based ILP is the most efficacious procedure to obtain local control and achieve limb salvage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus University MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, P.O. Box 5201, 3008 AE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Grünhagen
authors.forename: J H W
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Wilt
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: van Geel
authors.forename: A M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eggermont
mesh_terms: D010478:Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion / Q000379:methods*; D005121:Extremities; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha