title: New scaphocephaly severity indices of sagittal craniosynostosis: a comparative study with cranial index quantifications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a novel set of scaphocephaly severity indices (SSIs) for predicting and quantifying head- and skull-shape deformity in children diagnosed with isolated sagittal synostosis (ISS) and compare their sensitivity and specificity with those of the traditional cranial index (CI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Computed tomography head scans were obtained from 60 patients diagnosed with ISS and 41 age-matched control patients. Volumetric reformations of the skull and overlying skin were used to trace two-dimensional planes defined in terms of skull-base plane and internal or surface landmarks. For each patient, novel SSIs were computed as the ratio of head width and length as measured on each of these planes. A traditional CI was also calculated and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed indices with those of CI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the CI is a sensitive measure of scaphocephaly, it is not specific and therefore not a suitable predictor of ISS in many practical applications. The SSI-A provides a specificity of 95% at a sensitivity level of 98%, in contrast with the 68% of CI. On average, the sensitivity and specificity of all proposed indices are superior to those of CI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements of cranial width and length derived from planes that are defined in terms of internal or surface landmarks and skull-base plane produce SSIs that outperform traditional CI measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. sruiz@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Correa
authors.forename: Raymond W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: Jacqueline R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Hen-Tzu J
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Speltz
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Anne V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Hing
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012886:Skull / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods