title: Early renal cell cancer.
abstract: Renal cell cancer (RCC) mostly arises from the proximal renal tubules and is classified as an adenocarcinoma. The most reliable treatment for RCC is surgical excision; chemotherapy or radiotherapy does not have a practical effect on RCC. In selected patients, immunotherapy, including cytokine administration, has survival benefits. There is no established definition of early RCC. Surgical removal of organ-confined disease (T1 and T2) is likely to achieve tumor-free status leading to good prognosis. Possible definitions, diagnosis and treatment options for T1 and T2 disease are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Course of Metabolic and Regenerative Medicine, Yamagata University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan. ytomita@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care