title: Analysis of early meiotic events and aneuploidy in nonobstructive azoospermic men: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the events of spermatogenesis in azoospermic men by examining meiosis I spermatocytes and postmeiotic spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  A preliminary analysis of synaptonemal complex (SC), recombination, and chromosomal constitution (meiotic and postmeiotic) in testicular tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three men with nonobstructive azoospermia and one fertile man (vasectomy reversal: control) who underwent testicular sperm extraction in preparation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular tissue specimens were processed by immunofluorescence analysis with antibodies against proteins associated with SC and recombination events. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 was done on spermatocytes in prophase I and on postmeiotic spermatozoa.
  
  
  METHODS
  SC formation and recombination in meiosis I, aneuploidy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of autosomal recombination foci in each patient was not statistically significantly different from control. The frequencies of XY bivalents with at least one recombination focus were statistically similar in the patients and control (74.2% vs. 82.6%, respectively). All observed cells in pachytene had normal XY constitutions. In spite of this, the rate of sex-chromosome aneuploidy in spermatozoa was statistically significantly higher in the patients compared with the control (1.89% vs. 0.83%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of immunocytologic technology with FISH can add a level of precision in etiologic investigations of severe male factor infertility: men can have normal pairing and recombination but still yield aneuploid spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. sai@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Sai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arsovska
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moens
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000782:Aneuploidy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D023902:Chromosome Pairing; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000473:pathology; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology; D013573:Synaptonemal Complex / Q000235:genetics