title: Comparative study on the shaping ability and cleaning efficiency of rotary Mtwo instruments. Part 2. Cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability in severely curved root canals of extracted teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cleaning effectiveness and shaping ability of Mtwo, K3, and RaCe nickel-titanium rotary instruments during the preparation of curved root canals in extracted human teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 root canals of mandibular and maxillary molars with curvatures ranging between 25 degrees and 35 degrees were divided into three groups of 20 canals. Based on radiographs taken prior to instrumentation with the initial instrument inserted into the canal, the groups were balanced with respect to the angle and the radius of canal curvature. Canals were prepared using a low-torque control motor. Using pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs, straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. The amount of debris and smear layer was quantified on the basis of a numerical evaluation scale. The data established for scoring the debris and the smear layer was separately recorded and analysed statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During preparation no instrument separated. Completely clean root canals were never observed. For debris removal Mtwo instruments achieved significantly better results (P < 0.001) than K3 and RaCe instruments. The results for remaining smear layer were similar and not significantly different (P > 0.05). Mtwo instruments maintained the original canal curvature significantly better (P < 0.05) than the other instruments. Instrumentation with Mtwo files was significantly faster than with K3 or RaCe instruments (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, Mtwo instruments resulted in good cleaning and maintained the original curvature significantly better than K3 or RaCe files.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. eschaef@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammaschke
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel; D011859:Radiography; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012399:Rotation; D016369:Smear Layer; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium