title: Preoperative patient education for open-heart patients: a source of anxiety?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of preoperative patient education on anxiety and recovery of the Lebanese patients undergoing open-heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This quasi-experimental study was conducted at a large hospital in Beirut, which is a university hospital. All patients who were admitted to the cardiac surgery unit and who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to as experimental or a control group. The patients in the experimental group (n = 57) received a special educational session on their admission day and had a tour of the cardiac surgery unit. The control group (n = 53) followed the routine hospital protocol, which encompassed almost no preoperative education or a tour. Anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory while recovery was measured by physiological outcomes, days of hospital stay, and presence of complications. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was performed with adjustment for potential confounding variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Borderline statistical significance was noted for the experimental group in terms of preoperative and postoperative anxiety. The experimental group had a shorter time from awakening to extubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike most studies published previously, which noted the benefits of preoperative patient education, this study with the Lebanese clients, failed to support earlier findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that patient education should not be initiated before assessing the patient's cultural and social background.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Balamand, Youssef Sursok Street, St. Georges Health Complex, P.O. Box 166378, Ashrafieh, Beirut 1100-2807, Lebanon. mdeyirmenjian@balamand.edu.lb
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deyirmenjian
authors.forename: Nadim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salameh
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007861:Lebanon; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method