title: Health-related quality of life in patients with trachomatous trichiasis or entropion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the health-related quality of life in patients with trachomatous trichiasis or entropion, before and after intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, case-control, interventional study. Health-related quality of life was evaluated in 60 patients with trachomatous trichiasis or entropion, before and after intervention, and 60 age- and gender-matched controls without trichiasis or entropion, using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. Thirty patients and controls had vision < 6/18, while 30 had vision = 6/18 in the better eye. The WHOQOL-Bref assesses four domains of quality of life: physical health (1), psychological health (2), social relationships (3), and environment (4). Domain scores of patients and controls and of patients before and after intervention were compared using Student's t-test. Patient characteristics were correlated with domain scores using Pearson's correlation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quality of life was poorer than that of controls in domains 1 and 2 for patients with vision < 6/18 in the better eye (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively), and in domains 1, 2 and 4 for patients with vision = 6/18 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.01, respectively). Scores improved after intervention in all domains except domain 3, even though vision did not improve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with trachomatous trichiasis or entropion suffer in the physical, psychological and environmental domains of health-related quality of life even when vision is normal. Timely intervention is essential not only to prevent corneal blindness but also to reduce the suffering caused by the non-visual symptoms. Future studies must identify barriers to therapeutic intervention, and attempts should be directed at overcoming them so as to reduce the non-blinding burden of trachoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi-95, India. upreetdhaliwal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Upreet
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dhaliwal
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.forename: Manjeet Singh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004774:Entropion / Q000382:microbiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D005140:Eyelashes; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006201:Hair Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D014141:Trachoma / Q000382:microbiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome