title: Inhibition of atazanavir oral absorption by lansoprazole gastric acid suppression in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the pharmacokinetics of atazanavir, a protease inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, are altered by its coadministration with lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-dose, open-label, complete-crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy adult volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In phase A, subjects received a single oral dose of atazanavir 400 mg alone. In phase B, the same subjects received oral lansoprazole 60 mg, and after 24 hours they were given a second dose of oral lansoprazole 60 mg with atazanavir 400 mg. Eleven blood samples were collected from each subject over a 24-hour period for determination of atazanavir plasma concentrations by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by standard noncompartmental methods. Nine subjects completed the study, and no significant adverse events were reported. Absorption of atazanavir was significantly reduced when it was coadministered with lansoprazole, as evidenced by a 94% decline in mean area under the concentration-time curve during the 24 hours after administration (AUC(0-24)) (p<0.01). The mean +/- SD AUC(0-24) for phase A was 16.3 +/- 9.0 microM x hour versus 0.95 +/- 1.8 microM x hour for phase B (p<0.01). The mean +/- SD maximum concentration of atazanavir was 3.2 +/- 1.7 microM for phase A and 0.13 +/- 0.19 microM for phase B (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acid suppression markedly reduced the bioavailability of atazanavir in this group of healthy volunteers. Based on these results, atazanavir should not be coadministered with lansoprazole or other proton pump inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Desiree L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Tomilo
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Abayomi B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ogundele
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Difrancesco
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Berenson
authors.forename: Ellana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bednarczyk
authors.forename: Gene D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Morse
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D005260:Female; D005744:Gastric Acid; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D064747:Lansoprazole; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D064747:Lansoprazole; D000069446:Atazanavir Sulfate; D009853:Omeprazole