title: Hyperpolarized gas and oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Unlike any other organ, imaging of lungs with magnetic resonance faces unique challenges owing to the complex microstructure and presence of gas-tissue interfaces. With the evolution of faster and stronger gradient systems leading to ultrafast imaging with ultrashort echo times, pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is no longer considered a technical challenge. In terms of functional evaluation, lungs are also associated with a unique function, viz. ventilation. Evaluation of ventilation is feasible with MRI either by using hyperpolarized noble gases or in an indirect fashion by performing oxygen-enhanced MRI. This chapter will provide an overview of these two methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Vu M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Mai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005740:Gases; D010100:Oxygen