title: Increased mRNA expression of transforming growth factor beta in the arterial wall of chronically rejected renal allografts in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has an established role in interstitial damage of renal transplants during chronic rejection (CR). However, its involvement in transplant vasculopathy is not clear. The aim of the study was to assess TGF-beta gene expression in the walls of large-caliber arteries within chronically rejecting renal allografts. We evaluated associations between gene expression of this factor and intimal thickness or clinical data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal artery samples of kidney allografts were obtained from 20 hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal graft disease due to CR, who were undergoing graftectomy. The control group included 32 hemodialysis patients with end-stage renal disease, undergoing nephrectomy due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (n = 12), chronic pyelonephritis (n = 13), or kidney limited tumor (n = 7). Gene expression of TGF-beta was measured using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta mRNA expression was 3.25-fold higher in CR than in control patients (P < .001). Expression of mRNA for this cytokine was not influenced by the following factors: intimal thickness; age; serum cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose; BMI; graft survival; time of dialysis before transplantation; total ischemic time; immunosuppressive regimen; incidence of acute rejection episode; panel reactive antibodies; and period of dialysis before graftectomy. TGF-beta is involved in neointimal formation in CR.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Institute, Department of Immunology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases, Warsaw Medical University, ul. Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland. zegarska@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zegarska
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paczek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawlowska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wyczalkowska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Michalska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziolkowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorski
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rowinski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosieradzki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gornicka
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ziarkiewicz-Wroblewska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D007700:Kinetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012086:Reoperation; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta