title: Agmatine facilitates sympathetic neurotransmission in frog myocardium via an action on alfa 2-adrenergic receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, the effect of agmatine was studied on sympathetic neurotransmission in the frog isolated ventricular strips.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ventricular strips were prepared from the heart of the pitched frog. Each strip was mounted vertically in an organ bath. Muscle contractions were recorded isometrically by a force displacement transducer and displayed on a polygraph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentration-response relationships to noradrenaline were obtained on contractility of frog ventricular strips evoked by electrical stimulation. The responses of noradrenaline were re-obtained in presence of agmatine (3X10(-4) M). Agmatine was found to be ineffective on contractile responses of noradrenaline in electrically driven ventricular strips of frog heart. Transient additional stimulations (TAS) induced contractions. The contractions induced by TAS were re-obtained in presence of agmatine, idazoxan + agmatine and yohimbine + agmatine. Agmatine significantly increased the positive inotropic responses of TAS. The effect of agmatine on contractile responses of TAS was not changed by idazoxan, indicating that imidazoline receptors have not functions in this response. The effect of agmatine on the contractile responses to TAS was reversed by yohimbine, indicating involvement of alpha2 adrenoceptors in this response. Agmatine did not change the contractile responses of ventricular strips to exogenous noradrenaline, indicating that agmatine does not affect postjunctional adrenoceptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that agmatine facilitates sympathetic neurotransmission in frog myocardium via an action on prejunctional alpha2 adrenergic receptors located on sympathetic nerve terminals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. oberkan@cumhuriyet.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ocal
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berkan
authors.forename: M Kemal
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bağcivan
authors.forename: Sahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saraç
authors.forename: Kasim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sarioğlu
mesh_terms: D000320:Adrenergic Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000376:Agmatine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011896:Rana temporaria; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D015016:Yohimbine; D000376:Agmatine; D009638:Norepinephrine