title: Vascular tone control in humans: insights from studies in Bartter's/Gitelman's syndromes.
abstract: Studies in patients with Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes performed in the last 10 years have provided important insights into the mechanistic details of relevant pathways of angiotensin II signaling and vascular tone regulation, therefore making these syndromes a good human model to gain insight into the mechanisms responsible for maintaining/controlling vascular tone. Extensive studies of patients with Bartter's/Gitelman's syndromes have, in fact, shown biochemical abnormalities of angiotensin II short- and long-term cell signaling, which depict a mirror image of those found in hypertension. The information obtained from the study of this human model of altered vascular tone regulation show that it can be used to gather more general data and/or confirm mechanistic details of the cellular and biochemical events involved in the pathophysiology of vascular tone control and to shed light on the multiplicity of the angiotensin II signaling-related mechanisms responsible for the pathophysiology of hypertension and its long-term complication such as cardiovascular remodeling and atherogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinica Medica 4, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. renzcalo@unipd.it
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Calò
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D001477:Bartter Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000473:pathology; D007606:Juxtaglomerular Apparatus / Q000473:pathology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium