title: Biceps-to-triceps transfer for restoration of elbow extension in tetraplegia.
abstract: Biceps-to-triceps transfer can restore active elbow extension in persons with tetraplegia. Restoration of elbow extension is often combined with tendon transfers for lateral pinch and grasp. This surgical approach restores functions to the paralyzed limb and enhances independence. This article details the classification of upper limb tetraplegia, discusses patient selection criteria, and describes the surgical technique of biceps-to-triceps transfer. In addition, the rehabilitation protocol and expected outcome are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Temple University Attending Hand Surgeon Shriners Hospital for Children Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. skozin@shrinenet.org
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kozin