title: The association between inherited cytokine polymorphisms and cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between inherited cytokine polymorphisms and cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study that used DNA from the newborn infant screening cards of 443 white infants with cerebral palsy and 883 white control infants to test for the following cytokine polymorphisms: tumor necrosis factor-alpha-308, mannose-binding lectin-221, and 3 polymorphisms in exon-1 of the mannose-binding lectin gene at codon-52, -54, and -57.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At all gestational ages mannose-binding lectin codon-54 increased the risk of the development of diplegia (homozygous or heterozygous odds ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03-2.32). For babies who were born at term, the risk of the development of quadriplegia was associated with heterozygous tumor necrosis factor-alpha (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.04-3.15), and mannose-binding lectin codon-54 was associated with diplegia (homozygous or heterozygous odds ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.10-4.05). The presence of any polymorphism in mannose-binding lectin exon-1 at term approximately doubled the risk of the development of diplegia (odds ratio, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.05-3.62). Homozygous or heterozygous tumor necrosis factor-alpha was associated with hemiplegia for babies who were born at <32 weeks of gestation (odds ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.02-5.58). Overall, the presence of any cytokine polymorphism was associated with cerebral palsy (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02-1.84).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carriage of polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and mannose-binding lectin genes are associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia. catherine.s.gibson@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Catherine S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Alastair H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Goldwater
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Haan
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Priest
authors.forename: Gustaaf A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha