title: Urinary retention and the role of indwelling catheterization following total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to investigate the rate of urinary retention after knee arthroplasty, the various factors involved in predicting those at risk for retention and to assess the impact of retention and catheterization on joint sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of all available case notes of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty in a consecutive 2-year period (2000-2002). Adequate data was available for 142 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  142 patients underwent total knee arthroplasty. 19 patients were catheterized preoperatively for monitoring urine output. 123 patients were not catheterized. Urinary retention occurred in 19.7% (28/142). The mean day of catheterization for retention was 0.66. The mean duration of catheterization in patients developing retention was 3.58 days and was 3 days in the patients catheterized pre- or perioperatively. Deep joint sepsis occurred in 2.1% (3/142)--only one had been catheterized and that was preoperatively. No case of infection had urinary retention or had a symptomatic urinary tract infection. The only factors predicting those at significant risk of retention following knee arthroplasty was a past medical history of urinary retention (p = 0.049) and postoperative morphine requirement (p = 0.035). No patients required urological surgical intervention at mean follow up of 1.97 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the use of indwelling urinary catheterization for patients developing urinary retention after total knee arthroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK. kumardoc1@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mannan
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy