title: Age differences in memory control: evidence from updating and retrieval-practice tasks.
abstract: Some contemporary approaches suggest that inhibitory mechanisms play an important role in cognitive development. In addition, several authors distinguish between intentional and unintentional inhibitory processes in cognition. We report two experiments aimed at exploring possible developmental changes in these two types of inhibitory mechanisms. In Experiment 1, an updating task was used. This task requires that participants intentionally suppress irrelevant information from working memory. In Experiment 2, the retrieval-practice task was used. Retrieval practice of a subset of studied items is thought to involve unintentional inhibitory processes to overcome interference from competing memories. As a result, suppressed items become forgotten in a later memory test. Results of the experiments indicated that younger children (8) were less efficient than older children (12) and adults at intentionally suppressing information (updating task). However, when the task required unintentional inhibition of competing items (retrieval-practice task), this developmental trend was not found and children and adults showed similar levels of retrieval-induced forgetting. The results are discussed in terms of the development of efficient inhibition and the distinction between intentional and unintentional inhibitions.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lechuga
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelegrina
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ariza
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bajo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall; D014825:Vocabulary