title: Memory impairment in patients with late-onset major depression: the effect of antidepressant therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive deficits have been described in patients with major depression (MD), although many aspects remain unsettled.
  
  
  METHODS
  During an episode of MD and after remission we used tasks exploring attention, implicit, anterograde and retrograde memory to investigate 48 drug-free patients aged over 50 years without dementia, comparing them with 15 normal volunteer controls (NC). We also evaluated the effect of antidepressant therapy (ADT) with fluoxetine (F) or reboxetine (R) at baseline (T0) and six months later (T6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  42 patients completed the study and 6 dropped out; 33 patients were considered "Remitters" (RP) (17 F pts and 16 R pts). At T0, the entire group of MD patients (MDP) had worse performances than NC in Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) total score (TS), in a few subtests of WMS and in autobiographical memory. RP at T0 had the same impaired tasks and at T6 had significantly improved in MMSE, WMS. TS and many memory tests but they still differed from NC in a few complex tasks requiring more cognitive effort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects and differences between F and R must be viewed with caution considering the relatively small sample; only attention and memory were investigated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirm a negative effect of depression on memory with a significant but incomplete improvement after remission and without differences between F and R. We speculate that both a "state" and a "trait" depressive component underlie this memory impairment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Neurological Study of Cerebral Aging, Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. roberto.gallassi@unibo.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallassi
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Sarro
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morreale
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D000077593:Reboxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D005473:Fluoxetine; D009025:Morpholines; D000077593:Reboxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors