title: The impact of multiple care giving roles on fatigue, stress, and work performance among hospital staff nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study describes fatigue and stress among a random sample of full-time hospital staff nurses (n=393) who provide care for aging family members, compares the results to nurses with and without children younger than 18 years living at home, examines differences in sleep duration, and explores the effects on work performance by care giving status during a 4-week period.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little attention has been given to the effects of care giver well-being when individuals assume dual roles as family and professional care givers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital staff nurses recorded daily information concerning their work hours, errors, sleep/wake patterns, perceptions of fatigue, alertness, and stress and periods of drowsiness and sleep episodes while on duty for 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fatigue and stress levels were significantly higher among nurses caring for both children and elders. However, nurses providing elder care at home were more fatigued, sleep-deprived, and likely to make errors at work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings underscore the importance of restorative sleep interventions and fatigue countermeasures for hospital staff nurses involved in dual care giving roles. Limiting overtime and applying circadian principles to hospital scheduling processes would ensure a more alert workforce, minimize health risks for nurses, and maximize the safety of those in their care.
authors.affiliation: Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA. scottl@gvsu.edu
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology