title: Increased monocytic activity and biomarkers of inflammation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes is associated with increased vascular complications, and monocytes are pivotal cells in atherogenesis. However, there are few data on monocyte function and inflammation in type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare monocyte function and biomarkers of inflammation in type 1 diabetic subjects without macrovascular disease with that in matched control subjects (n = 52 per group). Fasting blood was obtained for biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], plasma-soluble cell adhesion molecules [CAMs], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, nitrotyrosine, CD40 ligand [CD40L], and monocyte function). High-sensitive CRP, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM), sCD40L, and nitrotyrosine levels were significantly elevated in type 1 diabetic subjects compared with in control subjects (P < 0.05). Monocyte superoxide anion release was significantly increased in the resting (37%; P < 0.05) and activated state (26%; P < 0.005) in type 1 diabetic compared with in control subjects. Monocyte interleukin (IL)-6 levels were significantly elevated in type 1 diabetic subjects compared with in control subjects in the resting state (51%; P < 0.05) and after lipopolysaccharide activation (31%; P < 0.01). Monocyte IL-1beta levels were increased in the activated monocytes in type 1 diabetic compared with in control subjects. There were no significant differences in monocyte tumor necrosis factor levels or adhesion between the two groups. Thus type 1 diabetes is a proinflammatory state, as evidenced by increased levels of monocyte IL-6, superoxide anion, and plasma CRP, sICAM, sCD40L, and nitrotyrosine levels. These results have a major implication on our understanding of the role of inflammation in vasculopathies in type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devaraj
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffen
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang-Polagruto
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miguelino
authors.forename: Ishwarlal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jialal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015850:Interleukin-6; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002097:C-Reactive Protein