title: Comparison on pain on injection of a small particle size-lipid emulsion of propofol and standard propofol with or without lidocaine.
abstract: Pain on injection, reported in 28-90% of patients, is one of the most described side effects of the intravenous application of propofol. Many different approaches have been used in attempts to minimize propofol induced pain, with varied results. Using a randomized, double-blind protocol design, the author-section pain following the administration of two different particle size formulations of propofol with or without lidocaine in 388 nonpremedicated ASA I-II adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly to receive either a small particle size lipid emulsion of propofol (Anepol: average particle size 140.5 nm), or standard propofol (Propofol: average particle size 193.3 nm), by dividing into 4 groups. Group 1 received 2 ml NaCl 0.9% and Propofol, group 11 received 2 ml lidocaine 2% and Propofol, group III received 2 ml NaCl 0.9% and Anepol and group IV received 2 ml lidocaine 2% and Anepol into a dorsal vein of the hand. Pain during propofol injection was evaluated over 5-10 seconds, until loss of conscious, using a four point scale. Sixty-seven patients (69.1%) complained of pain in group 1, as compared with 50%, 41.2% and 39.2% in group II, III and IV (p < 0.05). The reported severity of injection pain was not significantly different between the groups. The authors conclude that small particle size propofol causes less pain on injection than standard propofol.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology, Chaiyaphum Hospital, Bannakan Street, Maung, Chaiyaphum 36000, Thailand. albkb@diamond.mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Banjong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krobbuaban
authors.forename: Siriwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diregpoke
authors.forename: Sujarit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumkeaw
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanomsat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010316:Particle Size; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol