title: A nucleolar protein ApLLP induces ApC/EBP expression required for long-term synaptic facilitation in aplysia neurons.
abstract: In Aplysia, long-term synaptic plasticity is induced by serotonin (5-HT) or neural activity and requires gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that ApLLP, a novel nucleolus protein, is critically involved in both long-term facilitation (LTF) and behavioral sensitization. Membrane depolarization induced ApLLP expression, which activated ApC/EBP expression through a direct binding to CRE. LTF was produced by a single pulse of 5-HT 30 min after the membrane depolarization. This LTF was blocked when either ApLLP or ApC/EBP were blocked by specific antibodies. In contrast, ApLLP overexpression induced LTF in response to a single 5-HT treatment. Simultaneously, a siphon noxious stimulus (SNS) to intact Aplysia induced ApLLP and ApC/EBP expression, and single tail shock 30 min after SNS transformed short-term sensitization to long-term sensitization of siphon withdrawal reflex. These results suggest that ApLLP is an activity-dependent transcriptional activator that switches short-term facilitation to long-term facilitation.
authors.affiliation: National Research Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Silim-dong Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sue-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jin-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ye-Hwang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cheang
authors.forename: Deok-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yong-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bong-Kiun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kaang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia / Q000166:cytology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay / Q000379:methods; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012701:Serotonin; D011188:Potassium