title: Aviation noise does not impair the reproductive success of farmed blue foxes.
abstract: The aim of our study was to assess the effects of aviation noise on reproduction and cub mortality in farmed blue foxes. Eighty artificially inseminated blue fox vixens (45 primiparous and 35 multiparous) were exposed to aviation noise on 5 days when they were pregnant or had cubs. The noise during the exposures varied from 85 to 121 dB (L(AFmax)). Vixens (45 primiparous and 34 multiparous) on a farm without flight action acted as controls. Cubs were counted 1, 3, 7, 14 and 49 days postpartum and at the beginning of July. Litter size (cubs per whelped vixen), reproductive performance (cubs per mated vixen) and cub losses (lost cubs per whelped vixen) were analyzed from both experimental farms (A and C). The flight action had no effect on reproductive success. Reproductive performance in primiparous vixens was 4.2+/-3.8 and 4.3+/-3.6 cubs (ns, Mann-Whitney U-test) in the control and aviation group, respectively, while in multiparous vixens the corresponding figures were 7.1+/-4.4 and 7.3+/-3.8 cubs (ns). In general, litter size declined from birth to weaning (in primiparous vixens from 8.1+/-3.8 to 5.4+/-3.2 cubs, and in multiparous from 9.7+/-3.8 to 7.2+/-3.8 cubs, P<0.001, GLM for repeated measures). The decline was greater in primiparous than in multiparous vixens (P<0.01). There were no differences in total cub losses between the experimental groups (ns). Accordingly, the present results show that exposure to severe and repeated aviation noise does not impair the reproductive success of farmed blue foxes.
authors.affiliation: University of Kuopio, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. teija.pyykonen@uku.fi
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pyykönen
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juntunen
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ahola
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parri
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mononen
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005589:Foxes / Q000502:physiology*; D008098:Litter Size; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*