title: Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in isolates of the Enterobacter cloacae complex from German hospitals.
abstract: In 2002, 119 isolates of the Enterobacter cloacae complex were collected randomly from 11 German laboratories nationwide. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by disk-diffusion tests according to CLSI guidelines, and MICs were determined using Etests. PCRs were performed to amplify all TEM and SHV, and most CTX-M and OXA beta-lactamase genes. PCR products were sequenced to identify the precise extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) types. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) and PM/PML Etests were used to confirm production of the respective ESBLs. According to susceptibility tests and CLSI criteria, 49 (40%) isolates were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Seven (5.8%) isolates were positive in at least one of the PCR assays. Sequencing identified production of TEM-1 beta-lactamase genes by three (2.9%) isolates, and ESBL genes of the CTX-M and SHV beta-lactamase families by five (4.2%) isolates. IEF confirmed the production of beta-lactamases in the expected pI ranges of the respective ESBLs, and four of the five ESBL-producers were detected using the PM/PML Etest. All ESBL-producing isolates showed co-resistance to sulphonamides.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine, Asklepios Fachkliniken, Teaching Hospital of the University of Munich, Gauting, Germany. Harald.Hoffmann@asklepios.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stürenburg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heesemann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roggenkamp
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016972:Enterobacter cloacae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C034413:beta-lactamase TEM-1