title: Binding sites of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and its second messengers on gills and hindgut of the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas: a possible osmoregulatory role.
abstract: To determine the possible involvement of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) in osmoregulation in crustaceans, ligand binding and second messenger assays were performed on gills and hindgut preparations of the green shore crab Carcinus maenas, whilst midgut gland, previously known as one of the target tissues of CHH served as a control tissue. Classical receptor binding analyses using [(125)I]CHH by saturation and displacement experiments from membrane preparations from gills, hindgut, and midgut glands demonstrated that CHH binding characteristics involved one site, highly specific, saturable, and displaceable kinetics: (gills: K(D) 5.87 +/- 2.05 x 10(-10) and B(MAX) 6.50 +/- 1.15 x 10(-10), hindgut: K(D) 3.54 +/- 1.49 x 10(-10) and B(MAX) 2.31 +/- 0.44 x 10(-10), and midgut gland: K(D) 7.28 +/- 0.9 x 10(-10) and B(MAX) 3.28 +/- 0.25 x 10(-10)) all expressed as M/mg protein. No differences, in terms of displacement were observed between the two CHH isoforms (N-terminally blocked pGlu and unblocked Gln) variants. CHH binding sites appeared to be coupled to a second messenger system involving cGMP in all the tissues examined. Exposure of crabs to dilute seawater increased levels of cGMP, glucose in gills and circulating CHH levels. Other crustacean neuropeptides including crustacean cardioactive peptide, molt inhibiting hormone, L-enkephalin, FMRF-amide, proctolin, and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursor-related peptide were tested with regard to possible osmoregulatory roles with reference to changes in second messenger (cAMP and cGMP) concentrations in gill, hindgut, and midgut tissues in vitro, following application at 2 x 10(-8) M but all were found to be inactive. Thus, it seems likely that CHH is a pertinent neurohormone involved in osmoregulation, thus expanding its many functions as a pleiotropic hormone in crustaceans.
authors.affiliation: Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt Street, Columbus Center, Suite 236, Baltimore, MD, USA. chung@umbi.umd.edu
authors.forename: J Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Webster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001665:Binding Sites; D003386:Brachyura / Q000378:metabolism*; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; C015947:hyperglycemic hormone, crustacean; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D005947:Glucose