title: Laparoscopic hepatic artery catheterization for regional chemotherapy: is this the best current option for liver metastatic disease?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metastatic disease isolated to the liver is present at the time of diagnosis in 20-30% of patients with colorectal cancer. Only 10% of patients are eligible for resection. Systemic chemotherapy remains the primary treatment modality for such patients. The morbidity associated with regional chemotherapy is largely a result of the laparotomy required to place a hepatic arterial infusion pump in these debilitated patients. We discuss the main advantages of laparoscopic approach in comparison to both open procedure and percutaneous hepatic artery catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1993 to April 2004, 27 patients (16 males, 11 females) underwent laparoscopic placement of a hepatic artery catheter. The mean age was 64.9 years (46 to 82 years). 24 patients (88.8%) had bilobar disease precluding surgical resection of the liver metastases. There were four cases of non-colon cancers, all with liver metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LHAC alone averaged 45-55 minutes. Mean blood loss of 151 cc (20-300 cc). Postoperatively, 16 patients (59.2%) had hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy in the recovery room as a preplanned protocol. Average hospital stay was 8.4 days (3-25 days). Median follow-up period of 8.1 months. 22 patients with residual hepatic disease, in whom chemotherapy was successfully instituted, showed regression of their metastases, in 18 patients, CEA had improved at their one-month follow-up visit. Three complications: one catheter thrombosis, one partial catheter occlusion and one eroded catheter into the duodenum one year after.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In experienced hands, laparoscopic hepatic artery catheterization is a safe, feasible and minimally invasive technique for those patients with metachronous liver malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Laparoscopic Surgery, Texas Endosurgery Institute, San Antonio, TX 78222, USA. fellow@texasendosurgery.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trevino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Oaknin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berghoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents