title: [Humidifier-associated disease in the general population].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently an increasing number of patients presented with febrile and respiratory symptoms associated with exposure to a new type of domestic ultrasonic humidifier.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on 14 patients (5 females, 9 males; average age 42.5 17.4 years) with recurrent episodes of fever, cough and dyspnea after repeated exposure to ultrasonic misting fountain at home.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (humidifier lung: 12 patients) or toxic alveolitis (humidifier fever: 2 patients) was made on the basis of the history and the clinical, radiological, laboratory and immunological findings. 10 patients had a partial respiratory insufficiency at rest or on exercise, 9 had a restrictive ventilatory abnormality. The chest x-ray was abnormal in 7 patients. Of 8 patients in whom computed tomography was done 6 had typical changes of an exogenous allergic alveolitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed lymphocytic alveolitis in 8 patients. In 12 patients bacteria, moulds and/or yeasts were demonstrated in the humidifier fluid which they had used. 13 patients had IgG antibodies to the humidifier fluid. 8 patients were subjected to inhalative challenge tests to their own ultrasonic misting fountain: all of them had positive reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cases demonstrate the potential of ultrasonic humidifying devices to cause illness in the home. In view of their increasing popularity, humidifier lung and humidifier fever should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained pulmonary or flu-like illness with fever.
authors.affiliation: Zusamklinik der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Schwaben, Fachklinik für Lungen- und Bronchialerkrankungen, Zusmarshausen. Dr.Mueller-Wening@drv-schwaben.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Müller-Wening
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koschel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sennekamp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000389:Air Conditioning / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000542:Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000209:etiology*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014871:Water Microbiology