title: The Warwick system of prospective workload allocation in cellular pathology--an aid to subspecialisation: a comparison with the Royal College of Pathologists' system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Guidelines on staffing and workload for histopathology and cytopathology departments was published by the Royal College of Pathologists (RCPath) in July 2003. In this document, a system is provided whereby the workload of a cellular pathology department and individual pathologists can be assessed with a scoring system based on specialty and complexity of the specimens. A similar, but simplified, system of scoring specimens by specialty was developed in the Warwick District General Hospital. The system was based on the specimen type and suggested clinical diagnosis, so that specimens could be allocated prospectively by the laboratory technical staff to even out workload and support subspecialisation in a department staffed by 4.6 whole-time equivalent consultant pathologists.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pathologists were asked to indicate their reporting preferences to determine specialist reporting teams. The workload was allocated according to the "prospective" Warwick system (based on specimen type and suggested clinical diagnosis, not affected by final diagnosis or individual pathologist variation in reference to numbers of blocks, sections and special stains examined) for October 2003. The cumulative Warwick score was compared with the "retrospective" RCPath scoring system for each pathologist and between specialties. Four pathologists recorded their time for cut-up and reporting for the month audited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The equitable distribution of work between pathologists was ensured by the Warwick allocation and workload system, hence facilitating specialist reporting. Less variation was observed in points reported per hour by the Warwick system (6.3 (range 5.5-6.9)) than by the RCPath system (11.5 (range 9.3-15)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RCPath system of scoring is inherently complex, is applied retrospectively and is not consistent across subspecialities. The Warwick system is simpler, prospective and can be run by technical staff; it facilitates even workload distribution throughout the day. Subspecialisation within a small-sized or medium-sized department with fair distribution of work between pathologists is also allowed for by this system. Reporting times among pathologists were shown by time and motion studies to be more consistent with Warwick points per hour than with RCPath points per hour.
authors.affiliation: Warwick Hospital, South Warwickshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Warwick, UK. Richard.Carr@swh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: D S A
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Stores
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Smew
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Parkes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ross-Gilbertson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chachlani
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010337:Pathology Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010338:Pathology, Clinical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000458:organization & administration; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013038:Specialization; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D016526:Workload