title: Effect of age on the association of non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B with cardiovascular mortality in a Mediterranean population with type 2 diabetes: the Casale Monferrato study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measurement of plasma apolipoprotein (Apo) B may improve prediction of cardiovascular risk, as it provides a measure of the total number of atherogenic particles. The aim of this population-based study was to compare the association of non-HDL-cholesterol, ApoB and the ApoB:ApoA-I ratio with cardiovascular mortality in people with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the association of lipids, lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins with 11-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in the population-based cohort of the Casale Monferrato Study (1,565 people with diabetes; median age 68.9 years), and determined the effect of age (< or =70 and >70 years) on these relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of 341 deaths from cardiovascular disease in 10,809 person-years of observation, there was a decreasing trend in risk adjusted for multiple factors across quartiles of total cholesterol, and LDL- and non-HDL-cholesterol in people aged >70 years, but no trend in those aged < or =70 years. Age did not affect the protective effect of HDL-cholesterol. ApoB and ApoB:ApoA-I were associated with outcome in people in both age groups independently of non-HDL-cholesterol. After adjustment for multiple factors, including non-HDL-cholesterol, the hazard ratios for ApoB:ApoA-I in the upper vs lower quartile were 2.98 (95% CI 1.15-7.75; p for trend=0.009) for people aged < or =70 years and 1.94 (95% CI 1.20-3.13; p for trend=0.003) for those aged >70 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort of Mediterranean subjects with diabetes, ApoB and the ApoB:ApoA-I ratio were associated with cardiovascular disease mortality independently of non-HDL-cholesterol. Our findings support the recommendation that ApoB and ApoA-I should be measured routinely in all people with diabetes, particularly in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy. graziella.bruno@unito.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merletti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biggeri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bargero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prina-Cerai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavallo-Perin
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D019083:Mediterranean Region / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008074:Lipoproteins; D002784:Cholesterol