Complexity of the TOR signaling network.
The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a serine/threonine kinase of the phosphatidylinositol kinase-related kinase family and is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. TOR functions as a central regulator of cell growth and is itself regulated by a wide range of signals, including growth factors, nutrients and stress conditions. Recent studies in eukaryotic cells have identified two distinct TOR complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, which phosphorylate different substrates and have distinct physiological functions. Here, we discuss new findings that have extended the complexity of TOR signaling and the different roles of the TORC complexes in yeast, flies and mammals.
Inoki
Ken
K
Life Sciences Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Guan
Kun-Liang
KL
D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D049108:Cell Enlargement; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C416303:target of rapamycin protein, Drosophila; C500749:target of rapamycin protein, S cerevisiae