title: Inflammatory leiomyosarcoma of the ankle: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Inflammatory leiomyosarcoma is a rare morphologic expression of smooth muscle tumor, which is more often found in the trunk, extremities, and retroperitoneoum. We present a case of inflammatory leiomyosarcoma arising near the ankle joint, superior to the medial malleolus, in a 55-year-old man. Immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and cytogenetics were used in the differentiation of this rare morphologic expression of leiomyosarcoma. As in all soft tissue leiomyosarcomas, the accurate prediction of the clinical behavior of this morphologic expression often proves to be difficult. Age, vascular invasion, depth, grade, tumor disruption, size, and stage have prognostic value. Nevertheless, prognosis of inflammatory leiomyosarcoma seems to be favorable when treated early with wide excision of the tumor as in the case presented. Sixteen months after excision of the tumor the patient is doing well with no signs of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Orthopaedic Department, Athens University, Agia Olga Hospital, 45 Spefsippou Str., 106 76 Kolonaki, Athens, Greece. bniko@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Efstathopoulos
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lazarettos
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chronopoulos
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery