title: Buccal vs. nasogastric tube administration of tacrolimus after pediatric liver transplantation.
abstract: Tacrolimus is an important drug for immunosuppression after liver transplantation. Bioavailability of enterally administered tacrolimus is poor, and further reduced by gastric residuals or by enteral nutrition. Buccal administration might be an alternative route especially in children. Tacrolimus trough levels (TTLs) obtained after buccal administration of tacrolimus after liver transplantation have not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether buccal administration of tacrolimus is feasible and to compare TTLs after nasogastric tube (NGT) administration with buccal administration. TTLs after NGT or buccal administration during the first week after pediatric liver transplantation were analyzed from 28 cadaveric liver transplants in 23 pediatric recipients between June 2002 and March 2004. Each level was scored within, under or above the target range. Buccal administration was well tolerated in all patients. A total of 149 TTLs were obtained of which nine were excluded because of incomplete information on target levels. Overall 27% of TTLs was adequate. The percentage of levels under, within and above the target range were comparable in both groups (chi-square test; p = 0.64). Both groups had a decrease in percentages within the target range on day 3 and 4 after liver transplantation with a subsequent rise. Buccal tacrolimus administration is feasible. Similar TTLs are achieved compared with NGT tacrolimus administration during the first week after pediatric liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplant Group, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands. j.f.goorhuis@bkk.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Joanne F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Goorhuis
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scheenstra
authors.forename: Paul M J G
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Marcel J I J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Albers
mesh_terms: D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007223:Infant; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus