title: Differences in gene expression between noninvasive and invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the human bladder using complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray: preliminary results.
abstract: This study was performed to identify differences in gene expression between superficial noninvasive and invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder in human beings. We used complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarrays containing 14,551 different genes to analyze gene expression among 6 cases of superficial and 6 cases of invasive TCC of the bladder to identify differences in gene expression, which might explain differences in the biology and clinical outcomes of these histologic subtypes of TCC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed for selected genes to validate the microarray data. Significant up-regulation of 40 genes was associated with cases of superficial noninvasive, but not in invasive, TCC of the urinary bladder. This effect included genes involved in epithelial cell dedifferentiation and keratinization, as well as genes related to cell cycle, cell adhesion, transcription, and apoptosis. Conversely, significant up-regulation of 34 genes was associated with cases of invasive TCC, but not in superficial TCC, including genes related to extracellular matrix degradation, immune responses, cell cycling, and angiogenesis. This study shows the usefulness of complementary deoxyribonucleic acid microarray technology for identifying differences in gene expression among different histotypes of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Essam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elsamman
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukumori
authors.forename: Ashraf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ewis
authors.forename: Nermin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajimoto
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masa-Aki
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nishitani
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Hiro-omi
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kanayama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*