title: A novel 'sandwich' assay for quantifying chemo-regulated cell migration within 3-dimensional matrices: wound healing cytokines exhibit distinct motogenic activities compared to the transmembrane assay.
abstract: The extracellular matrix profoundly affects cellular response to soluble motogens. In view of this critical aspect of matrix functionality, we have developed a novel assay to quantify chemo-regulated cell migration within biologically relevant 3-dimensional matrices. In this "sandwich" assay, target cells are plated at the interface between an upper and lower matrix compartment, either in the presence of an isotropic (uniform) or anisotropic (gradient) spatial distribution of test motogen. Cell migration in response to the different conditions is ascertained by quantifying their subsequent disposition within the upper and lower matrix compartments. The objective of this study has been to compare the motogenic activities of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB) and transforming growth factor-beta isoforms (TGF-beta1, -beta2 and -beta3) in the sandwich assay and the commonly employed transmembrane assay. As previously reported, dermal fibroblasts exhibited a motogenic response to isotropic and anisotropic distributions of all tested cytokines in the transmembrane assay. In contrast, only PDGF-AB and TGF-beta3 were active in the sandwich assay, each eliciting directionally unbiased (symmetrical) migration into the upper and lower type I collagen matrices in response to an isotropic cytokine distribution and a directionally biased response to an anisotropic distribution. TGF-beta1 and -beta2 were completely devoid of motogenic activity. These results are consistent with the reported differential bioactivities of PDGF and TGF-beta3 compared to TGF-beta1 and -beta2 in animal models of wound healing and suggest that the sandwich assay provides a means of obtaining physiologically relevant data regarding chemo-regulated cell migration.
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine Group, Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland. s.l.schor@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schor
authors.forename: I R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motegi
authors.forename: A R A
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chaplain
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Keatch
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002633:Chemotaxis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; C095477:platelet-derived growth factor AB