Generation and characterization of dickkopf3 mutant mice.
dickkopf (dkk) genes encode a small family of secreted Wnt antagonists, except for dkk3, which is divergent and whose function is poorly understood. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of dkk3 mutant mice. dkk3-deficient mice are viable and fertile. Phenotypic analysis shows no major alterations in organ morphology, physiology, and most clinical chemistry parameters. Since Dkk3 was proposed to function as thyroid hormone binding protein, we have analyzed deiodinase activities, as well as thyroid hormone levels. Mutant mice are euthyroid, and the data do not support a relationship of dkk3 with thyroid hormone metabolism. Altered phenotypes in dkk3 mutant mice were observed in the frequency of NK cells, immunoglobulin M, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels, as well as lung ventilation. Furthermore, dkk3-deficient mice display hyperactivity.
Barrantes
Ivan del Barco
Idel B
Division of Molecular Embryology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Montero-Pedrazuela
Ana
A
Guadaño-Ferraz
Ana
A
Obregon
Maria-Jesus
MJ
Martinez de Mena
Raquel
R
Gailus-Durner
Valérie
V
Fuchs
Helmut
H
Franz
Tobias J
TJ
Kalaydjiev
Svetoslav
S
Klempt
Martina
M
Hölter
Sabine
S
Rathkolb
Birgit
B
Reinhard
Claudia
C
Morreale de Escobar
Gabriella
G
Bernal
Juan
J
Busch
Dirk H
DH
Wurst
Wolfgang
W
Wolf
Eckhard
E
Schulz
Holger
H
Shtrom
Svetlana
S
Greiner
Erich
E
Hrabé de Angelis
Martin
M
Westphal
Heiner
H
Niehrs
Christof
C
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000235:genetics*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000378:metabolism; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013974:Thyroxine; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II; C405061:Dkk3 protein, mouse; C406723:P-29 antigen