title: Prospective surveillance for atypical pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia in Japan.
abstract: A total of 141 children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were studied prospectively to determine the causative microorganisms. Microbial investigations included examination of postnasal swabs, cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and serology. The atypical pathogens occurring most frequently were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (58 patients [41.1%]), Chlamydia pneumoniae (4 patients [2.8%]), and concurrent occurrence of both pathogens (1 patient [0.7%]). Patients aged under 4 years showed a relatively lower rate of atypical bacterial etiology compared with those aged 4 years or older. Major bacterial pathogens were detected in 89 patients (atypical pathogens were detected in 28 patients simultaneously), including Streptococcus pneumoniae in 34 patients, Haemophilus influenzae in 60, Moraxella catarrhalis in 48, and multiple pathogens in 42. In patients suspected of having atypical pneumonia, macrolides are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital, 1-16 Yonegahamadori, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 238-8558, Japan. bamba-ped@ykh.gr.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jozaki
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kori
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiro
authors.forename: Yoshinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonoyama
authors.forename: Intetsu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunakawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D018942:Macrolides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D018942:Macrolides