title: PI3K and ERK 1-2 regulate early stages during head regeneration in hydra.
abstract: Different signaling systems coordinate and regulate the development of a multicellular organism. In hydra, the canonical Wnt pathway and the signal transduction pathways mediated by PKC and Src regulate early stages of head formation. In this paper, we present evidence for the participation of a third pathway, the PI3K-PKB pathway, involved in this process. The data presented here are consistent with the participation of ERK 1-2 as a point of convergence for the transduction pathways mediated by PKC, Src and PI3K for the regulation of the regeneration of the head in hydra. The specific developmental point regulated by them appears to be the commitment of tissue at the apical end of the regenerate to form the head organizer.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquimica, CINVESTAV-IPN, Queretaro, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gema C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynoso
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Salgado
authors.forename: Hans R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Bode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology; D006829:Hydra / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C080835:RON protein; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3