title: Clinical implications of apoptosis in ischemic myocardium.
abstract: Apoptosis, a genetically programmed form of cell death, contributes to myocyte cell loss in a variety of cardiac pathologies, including cardiac failure and those related to ischemia/reperfusion injury. The apoptotic program is complex, involving both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and apoptosis occurs when the equilibrium between these opposing factors is perturbed. Some of these factors are intrinsic to the apoptotic pathway, such as the pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl2 family. Other, extrinsic, cellular factors can also modify the outcome of the response to an apoptotic stimulus. In this review, we have focused on some of these extrinsic factors, such as STAT-1 as a pro-apoptotic agent and the urocortins and Bag-1 as anti-apoptotic factors, since these may be potential therapeutic targets. In addition, we discuss the profound cytoprotective effects of the antibiotic, minocycline.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, USA.
authors.forename: Tiziano M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Scarabelli
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Anastasis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stephanou
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen-Scarabelli
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Latchman
authors.forename: Jagat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Narula
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D008911:Minocycline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009336:Necrosis; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D054832:Urocortins
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D054832:Urocortins; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008911:Minocycline