title: Early maize agriculture and interzonal interaction in southern Peru.
abstract: Over the past decade, increasing attention to the recovery and identification of plant microfossil remains from archaeological sites located in lowland South America has significantly increased knowledge of pre-Columbian plant domestication and crop plant dispersals in tropical forests and other regions. Along the Andean mountain chain, however, the chronology and trajectory of plant domestication are still poorly understood for both important indigenous staple crops such as the potato (Solanum sp.) and others exogenous to the region, for example, maize (Zea mays). Here we report the analyses of plant microremains from a late preceramic house (3,431 +/- 45 to 3,745 +/- 65 14C bp or approximately 3,600 to 4,000 calibrated years bp) in the highland southern Peruvian site of Waynuna. Our results extend the record of maize by at least a millennium in the southern Andes, show on-site processing of maize into flour, provide direct evidence for the deliberate movement of plant foods by humans from the tropical forest to the highlands, and confirm the potential of plant microfossil analysis in understanding ancient plant use and migration in this region.
authors.affiliation: Archaeobiology Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 112, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA. perryli@si.edu
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sandweiss
authors.forename: Dolores R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Piperno
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Malpass
authors.forename: Adán
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umire
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de la Vera
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000266:history*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000266:history* / Q000502:physiology; D005433:Flour; D005580:Fossils; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D049690:History, Ancient; D006798:Housing; D010568:Peru; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000266:history* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D012987:Soil; D013213:Starch