title: Analogs of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with high potency in induction of osteoclastogenesis and prevention of dendritic cell differentiation: synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-substituted 19-norvitamin D analogs.
abstract: In our previous papers, we found that introduction of a substituent at C(2) into 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D(3) (2a) caused dramatic changes in binding affinity for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and in transcriptional activity compared with the parent compound. To investigate the broad biological activity of 2-substituted 19-norvitamin D analogs, we synthesized two new (20S)-2-hydroxyethylidene-19-norvitamin D derivatives (3b and 4b) and a total of 16 A-ring-modified analogs including 3b and 4b were tested for the following in vitro and in vivo biological activities: (1) affinity for the VDR, (2) transcriptional activity, (3) osteoclast formation, (4) bone calcium mobilization in rats, and (5) effects on differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs). The biological effects of the analogs were compared with those of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1a) and 2MD, which is being developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. The efficacy of the (20S)-19-norvitamin D analogs with 2-hydroxyethylidene, 2-hydroxyethoxy, and 2-methyl moieties (3b, 5b, 6b, and 9b) was more than 10-fold stronger than that of 1a with respect to transcriptional activity, ability to induce osteoclast formation, and ability to inhibit CD86 expression, a marker of mature DCs, and was similar to that of 2MD. The (20S)-2beta-hydroxyethoxy derivative 6b was 2 orders of magnitude more active than 1a and approximately twice as potent as 2MD in preventing CD86 production. The 2-epoxy derivatives 7 and 8 were relatively poor ligands for the VDR and exhibited activity lower than that of the natural hormone 1a.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinki
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019556:COS Cells; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D; D002117:Calcitriol; D002118:Calcium