title: Measurement techniques for lower cervical spine injuries: consensus statement of the Spine Trauma Study Group.
abstract: METHODS
  Literature review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  It was the purpose of the Spine Trauma Study Group to compile a collection of clinically useful imaging methods used in lower cervical spine trauma and to describe in detail how these measurements should be made.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Injury detection, description, and treatment decision-making rely on accurate imaging of the lower cervical spine. However, a standard set of imaging measurement techniques for this region does not exist. While most clinicians have developed their own methods of describing radiographic pathology, this variability often leads to confusion in developing an agreed on classification system and limits treatment recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The available literature concerning measurement of injury characteristics after lower cervical trauma was reviewed. Consensus of the most potentially useful measurement methods among the surgeon members of the Spine Trauma Study Group was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These measurements included the following: kyphosis (Cobb angle and posterior vertebral body tangent methods); vertebral body translation; vertebral body height loss; maximal spinal canal compromise and spinal cord compression; facet fracture fragment size; and percentage facet subluxation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A consistent and standard measurement technique among clinicians with regards to imaging of lower cervical spine trauma should positively influence treatment outcome. However, it is through prospective study that the clinical significance of these recommendations will be scientifically established.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118-2393, USA. bonocm@prodigy.net
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fehlings
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harrop
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010346:Patient Care Management / Q000592:standards; D011859:Radiography; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging