Comparison on pain on injection of a small particle size-lipid emulsion of propofol and standard propofol with or without lidocaine.
Pain on injection, reported in 28-90% of patients, is one of the most described side effects of the intravenous application of propofol. Many different approaches have been used in attempts to minimize propofol induced pain, with varied results. Using a randomized, double-blind protocol design, the author-section pain following the administration of two different particle size formulations of propofol with or without lidocaine in 388 nonpremedicated ASA I-II adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly to receive either a small particle size lipid emulsion of propofol (Anepol: average particle size 140.5 nm), or standard propofol (Propofol: average particle size 193.3 nm), by dividing into 4 groups. Group 1 received 2 ml NaCl 0.9% and Propofol, group 11 received 2 ml lidocaine 2% and Propofol, group III received 2 ml NaCl 0.9% and Anepol and group IV received 2 ml lidocaine 2% and Anepol into a dorsal vein of the hand. Pain during propofol injection was evaluated over 5-10 seconds, until loss of conscious, using a four point scale. Sixty-seven patients (69.1%) complained of pain in group 1, as compared with 50%, 41.2% and 39.2% in group II, III and IV (p < 0.05). The reported severity of injection pain was not significantly different between the groups. The authors conclude that small particle size propofol causes less pain on injection than standard propofol.
Krobbuaban
Banjong
B
Division of Anesthesiology, Chaiyaphum Hospital, Bannakan Street, Maung, Chaiyaphum 36000, Thailand. albkb@diamond.mahidol.ac.th
Diregpoke
Siriwan
S
Kumkeaw
Sujarit
S
Tanomsat
Malin
M
D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010316:Particle Size; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol