title: A defense of unqualified medical confidentiality.
abstract: It is broadly held that confidentiality may be breached when doing so can avert grave harm to a third party. This essay challenges the conventional wisdom. Neither legal duties, personal morality nor personal values are sufficient to ground professional obligations. A methodology is developed drawing on core professional values, the nature of professions, and the justification for distinct professional obligations. Though doctors have a professional obligation to prevent public peril, they do not honor it by breaching confidentiality. It is shown how the protective purpose to be furthered by reporting is defeated by the practice of reporting. Hence there is no conflict between confidentiality and the professional responsibility to protect endangered third parties.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kipnis
mesh_terms: D003219:Confidentiality / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D018563:Disease Notification; D017007:Duty to Warn / Q000941:ethics*; D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D028681:Moral Obligations; D028701:Patient Rights; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations / Q000941:ethics*; D011634:Public Health; D012941:Social Responsibility; D012945:Social Values; D018454:Spouses; D035502:Trust; D014481:United States