title: Phosphorus runoff during four years following composted manure application.
abstract: Repeated manure application can lead to excessive soil test P (STP) levels and increased P concentration in runoff, but also to improved water infiltration and reduced runoff. Research was conducted to evaluate soil P tests in prediction of P concentration in runoff and to determine the residual effects of composted manure on runoff P loss and leaching of P. The research was conducted from 2001 to 2004 under natural runoff events with plots of 11-m length. Low-P and high-P compost had been applied during the previous 3 yr, resulting in total applications of 750 and 1150 kg P ha(-1). Bray-P1 in the surface 5 cm of soil was increased from 16 to 780 mg kg(-1) with application of high-P compost. Runoff and sediment losses were 69 and 120% greater with no compost than with residual compost treatments. Runoff P concentration increased as STP increased, but much P loss occurred with the no-compost treatment as well. Agronomic soil tests were predictive of mean runoff P concentration, but increases in STP resulted in relatively small increases in runoff P concentration. Downward movement of P was not detected below 0.3 m. In conclusion, agronomic soil tests are useful in predicting long-term runoff P concentration, and risk of P loss may be of concern even at moderate soil P levels. The residual effect of compost application in reducing sediment and runoff loss was evident more than 3 yr after application and should be considered in P indices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, 279 Plant Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA. cwortmann2@unl.edu
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wortmann
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005308:Fertilizers; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013025:Glycine max; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus