title: Cellular restriction factors affecting the early stages of HIV replication.
abstract: Several innate immune mechanisms exist in mammalian cells that prevent the replication of viruses. These cellular factors influence the tropism of retroviruses in mammalian cells by inducing a dominant restriction that acts after viral entry but before integration into the host genome. The identification of several cellular factors involved with the post entry block of HIV has recently been revealed. These recent advances identified the tripartite motif protein 5alpha (Trim5alpha) and the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), which work to inactivate several retroviruses including HIV-1. The mechanism of restriction by these cellular proteins is unknown. Therefore, this review highlights recent advances in understanding the function of Trim5alpha and APOBEC3G.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3008, USA.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hope
mesh_terms: D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics; D042522:DNA Replication Timing / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D018523:Tropism / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D000090103:Antiviral Restriction Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; C477346:TRIM5 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D000071479:APOBEC-1 Deaminase; C000605089:APOBEC1 protein, human; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase