title: Inhibition of neurite outgrowth in differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells by phenyl saligenin phosphate: effects on MAP kinase (ERK 1/2) activation, neurofilament heavy chain phosphorylation and neuropathy target esterase activity.
abstract: Sub-lethal concentrations of the organophosphate phenyl saligenin phosphate (PSP) inhibited the outgrowth of axon-like processes in differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells (IC(50) 2.5 microM). A transient rise in the phosphorylation state of neurofilament heavy chain (NFH) was detected on Western blots of cell extracts treated with 2.5 microM PSP for 4 h compared to untreated controls, as determined by a relative increase in reactivity with monoclonal antibody Ta51 (anti-phosphorylated NFH) compared to N52 (anti-total NFH). However, cross-reactivity of PSP-treated cell extracts was lower than that of untreated controls after 24 h exposure, as indicated by decreased reactivity with both antibodies. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis with these antibodies revealed the appearance of neurofilament aggregates in the cell bodies of treated cells and reduced axonal staining compared to controls. By contrast, there was no significant change in reactivity with anti-alpha-tubulin antibody B512 at either time point. The activation state of the MAP kinase ERK 1/2 increased significantly after PSP treatment compared to controls, particularly at 4 h, as indicated by increased reactivity with monoclonal antibody E-4 (anti-phosphorylated MAP kinase) but not with polyclonal antibody K-23 (anti-total MAP kinase). The observed early changes were concomitant with almost complete inhibition of the activity of neuropathy target esterase (NTE), one of the proposed early molecular targets in organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN).
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, UK. alan.hargreaves@ntu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Maxine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Magdalini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sachana
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flaskos
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bountouri
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Coutts
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Graham McLean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016501:Neurites / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation
chemical_list: D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C051774:neurofilament protein H; C046357:phenylsaligenin cyclic phosphate; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase