Potential role of high mobility group box 1 in viral infectious diseases.
A nuclear protein, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is released passively by necrotic cells and actively by macrophages/monocytes in response to exogenous and endogenous inflammatory stimuli. After binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), or Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), HMGB1 activates macrophages/monocytes to express proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. Pharmacological suppression of its activities or release is protective against lethal endotoxemia and sepsis, establishing HMGB1 as a critical mediator of lethal systemic inflammation. In light of observations that many viruses (e.g., West Nile virus, Salmon anemia virus) can induce passive HMGB1 release, we propose a potential pathogenic role of HMGB1 in viral infectious diseases.
Wang
Haichao
H
Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital--New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA. hwang@nshs.edu
Ward
Mary F
MF
Fan
Xue-Gong
XG
Sama
Andrew E
AE
Li
Wei
W
D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*
D024243:HMGB1 Protein