Behavioral effects of modafinil in marmoset monkeys.
BACKGROUND
Modafinil is increasingly used in sleep disturbances in general and in neurodegenerative diseases and is recently being used in healthy people for attention control. However, the application of modafinil is possibly not only restricted to alertness enhancing effects. More insight in this compound may lead to new applications. Not all behavioral aspects have been studied sufficiently; therefore, more detailed investigations on modafinil's positive and aversive behavioral effects are addressed in this paper.


OBJECTIVE
Determination of effects of modafinil in marmoset monkeys with observational methods and with behavioral tests measuring locomotor activity, hand-eye coordination, response to a threat situation and startle response.


METHODS
Two hours after oral administration of modafinil in doses of 50, 100, 150, and 225 mg/kg, animals were observed and tested in the behavioral test systems.


RESULTS
Locomotor activity was increased after 100 mg/kg modafinil in the Bungalow test and after 100, 150, and 225 mg/kg, as found in the movement parameters of the human threat test. Moreover, modafinil showed anxiolytic-like effects in the human threat test. No other side effects were observed, nor were the hand-eye coordination and startle response affected.


CONCLUSIONS
Besides psychostimulation, modafinil has no aversive effects in the doses used in the domains measured. The potential anxiolytic-like effects of modafinil may create new possibilities for the therapeutic use of modafinil.
Department of Diagnosis and Therapy, TNO Defence, Security and Safety, Lange Kleiweg 137, 2288 GJ, Rijswijk, The Netherlands. vliet_s@pml.tno.nl
Sanneke A M
SA
van Vliet
Marjan J
MJ
Jongsma
Raymond A P
RA
Vanwersch
Berend
B
Olivier
Ingrid H C H M
IH
Philippens
D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002144:Callithrix; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D000077408:Modafinil; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000077408:Modafinil