Evaluation of universal, indicated, and combined cognitive-behavioral approaches to the prevention of depression among adolescents.
A cluster, stratified randomized design was used to evaluate the impact of universal, indicated, and combined universal plus indicated cognitive- behavioral approaches to the prevention of depression among 13- to 15-year-olds initially reporting elevated symptoms of depression. None of the intervention approaches differed significantly from a no-intervention condition or from each other on changes in depressive symptoms, anxiety, externalizing problems, coping skills, and social adjustment. All high-symptom students, irrespective of condition, showed a significant decline in depressive symptoms and improvement in emotional well-being over time although they still demonstrated elevated levels of psychopathology compared with the general population of peers at 12-month follow-up. There were also no significant intervention effects for the universal intervention in comparison with no intervention for the total sample of students in those conditions.
School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, and Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia. jeanie@psy.uq.edu.au
Jeanie K
JK
Sheffield
Susan H
SH
Spence
Ronald M
RM
Rapee
Nick
N
Kowalenko
Ann
A
Wignall
Anna
A
Davis
Jordana
J
McLoone
D000293:Adolescent; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief; D011793:Queensland; D012307:Risk Factors; D012572:School Health Services