DNA damage-induced protein 14-3-3 sigma inhibits protein kinase B/Akt activation and suppresses Akt-activated cancer.
14-3-3 sigma is induced by tumor suppressor protein p53 in response to DNA damage. p53 can directly transactivate the expression of 14-3-3 sigma to cause a G(2) cell cycle arrest when cell DNA is damaged. The expression of 14-3-3 sigma protein is down-regulated in various tumors, but its function has not been fully established. Protein kinase B/Akt, a crucial regulator of oncogenic signal involved in cell survival and proliferation, is deregulated in many types of cancer. Akt activation can enhance p53 degradation, but its role in DNA damage response is not clear. Here, we show that Akt activation is diminished when p53 and 14-3-3 sigma is up-regulated in response to DNA damage. Evidence is provided that 14-3-3 sigma binds and inhibits Akt. In keeping with this concept, Akt-mediated cell survival is inhibited by 14-3-3 sigma. Significantly, we show that 14-3-3 sigma inhibits Akt-mediated cell growth, transformation, and tumorigenesis. Low expression of 14-3-3 sigma in human primary breast cancers correlates with Akt activation. These data provide an insight into Akt regulation and rational cancer gene therapy by identifying 14-3-3 sigma as a molecular regulator of Akt and as a potential anticancer agent for Akt-activated cancers.
Yang
Huiling
H
Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Wen
Yu-Ye
YY
Zhao
Ruiying
R
Lin
Yu-Li
YL
Fournier
Keith
K
Yang
Heng-Yin
HY
Qiu
Yun
Y
Diaz
Jose
J
Laronga
Christine
C
Lee
Mong-Hong
MH
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005092:Exonucleases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008907:Mink; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D005092:Exonucleases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C413442:SFN protein, human