Chronic ethanol feeding increases activation of NADPH oxidase by lipopolysaccharide in rat Kupffer cells: role of increased reactive oxygen in LPS-stimulated ERK1/2 activation and TNF-alpha production.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of chronic ethanol-induced liver injury. Although ROS modulate the activity of many signal transduction pathways, the molecular targets of ROS during ethanol exposure are not well understood. Here, we investigated whether specific ROS-sensitive signal transduction pathways contribute to increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production by Kupffer cells after chronic ethanol feeding to rats. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rapidly increased ROS production, measured by dihydrorhodamine fluorescence, in Kupffer cells from ethanol- and pair-fed rats, and ROS production was 2.5-fold greater in ethanol-fed compared with pair-fed. Pretreatment with diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which inhibits reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, normalized ROS production in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats. LPS rapidly increased Rac1-guanosinetriphosphatase (GTPase) activity and p67(phox) translocation to the plasma membrane in Kupffer cells from pair-fed rats. After ethanol feeding, Rac1-GTPase activity was already increased over pair-fed at baseline and remained elevated over pair-fed after LPS stimulation. Further, LPS-stimulated p67(phox) translocation to the plasma membrane was enhanced after chronic ethanol feeding. LPS-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 phosphorylation, two signaling pathways regulated by ROS, were increased twofold in Kupffer cells from ethanol-fed rats compared with pair-fed controls. However, only LPS-stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited by DPI, which also reduced LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production in Kupffer cells from pair- and ethanol-fed rats. These results demonstrate that chronic ethanol feeding increases LPS-stimulated NADPH oxidase-dependent production of ROS in Kupffer cells. Further, ERK1/2 is an important target of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in Kupffer cells, contributing to enhanced LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha production by Kupffer cells after chronic ethanol feeding.
Thakur
Varsha
V
Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906, USA.
Pritchard
Michele T
MT
McMullen
Megan R
MR
Wang
Qifang
Q
Nagy
Laura E
LE
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000187:drug effects*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C433788:lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O26-B6; C079789:neutrophil cytosol factor 67K; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D000431:Ethanol; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein