Cardioprotective medication is associated with improved survival in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to investigate the effect of cardiac medication on long-term mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).


BACKGROUND
Peripheral arterial disease is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Treatment guidelines recommend aggressive management of risk factors and lifestyle modifications. However, the potential benefit of cardiac medication in patients with PAD remains ill defined.


METHODS
In this prospective observational cohort study, 2,420 consecutive patients (age, 64 +/- 11 years, 72% men) with PAD (ankle-brachial index < or =0.90) were screened for clinical risk factors and cardiac medication. Follow-up end point was death from any cause. Propensity scores for statins, beta-blockers, aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, nitrates, coumarins, and digoxin were calculated. Cox regression models were used to analyze the relation between cardiac medication and long-term mortality.


RESULTS
Medical history included diabetes mellitus in 436 patients (18%), hypercholesterolemia in 581 (24%), smoking in 837 (35%), hypertension in 1,162 (48%), coronary artery disease in 1,065 (44%), and a history of heart failure in 214 (9%). Mean ankle-brachial index was 0.58 (+/-0.18). During a median follow-up of eight years, 1,067 patients (44%) died. After adjustment for risk factors and propensity scores, statins (hazard ratio [HR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36 to 0.58), beta-blockers (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.80), aspirins (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.84), and ACE inhibitors (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.94) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of long-term mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of this observational longitudinal study, statins, beta-blockers, aspirins, and ACE inhibitors are associated with a reduction in long-term mortality in patients with PAD.
Feringa
Harm H H
HH
Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
van Waning
Virginie H
VH
Bax
Jeroen J
JJ
Elhendy
Abdou
A
Boersma
Eric
E
Schouten
Olaf
O
Galal
Wael
W
Vidakovic
Radosav V
RV
Tangelder
Marco J
MJ
Poldermans
Don
D
D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
D020011:Protective Agents