Noninvasive detection of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis coupled with assessment of changes in plaque characteristics using novel invasive imaging modalities: the Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study (IBIS).
OBJECTIVE
Our purpose was to assess noninvasive imaging in detection of subclinical atherosclerosis and to examine novel invasive modalities to describe prevalence and temporal changes in putative characteristics of "high-risk" plaques.


BACKGROUND
Conventional coronary imaging cannot identify "high-risk" lesions.


METHODS
Conventional (quantitative angiography and intravascular ultrasound [IVUS]) and novel imaging (IVUS-based palpography and gray scale echogenicity) were performed at baseline and 6 months later in 67 patients with diverse clinical presentations. Different imaging techniques were compared within a common segment defined by multislice computed tomography (MSCT).


RESULTS
Compared with IVUS, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of MSCT for detecting significant plaque was 86%, 69%, 90%, and 61%, respectively. In coronary arteries with <50% stenosis, there were no temporal changes in luminal and plaque dimensions measured by quantitative coronary angiography or IVUS; however, a significant reduction in abnormal strain pattern was detected on palpography (density high strain spots/cm: 1.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 1.2 +/- 1.4, p = 0.0123. These changes were mainly related to significant changes in patients who presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The assessment of plaque echogenicity showed no temporal changes. There were no correlations between circulating biomarkers and quantifiable imaging parameters.


CONCLUSIONS
Mild angiographic disease is associated with large atherosclerotic plaques on MSCT. Conventional invasive coronary imaging reveals static luminal and plaque dimensions on standard medical therapy with plaque hypoechogenicity remaining unchanged over the 6-month period. By contrast, palpography measurements of strain correlate with clinical presentation and significantly decrease on standard medical therapy. Novel imaging modalities, such as palpography, might provide insights into plaque biology and might eventually serve as intermediate end points in interventional trials.
Van Mieghem
Carlos A G
CA
Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
McFadden
Eugène P
EP
de Feyter
Pim J
PJ
Bruining
Nico
N
Schaar
Johannes A
JA
Mollet
Nico R
NR
Cademartiri
Filippo
F
Goedhart
Dick
D
de Winter
Sebastiaan
S
Granillo
Gaston Rodriguez
GR
Valgimigli
Marco
M
Mastik
Frits
F
van der Steen
Anton F
AF
van der Giessen
Willem J
WJ
Sianos
Georgios
G
Backx
Bianca
B
Morel
Marie-Angèle M
MA
van Es
Gerrit-Anne
GA
Zalewski
Andrew
A
Serruys
Patrick W
PW
D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional