Stereotype activation and control of race bias: cognitive control of inhibition and its impairment by alcohol.
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that alcohol increases race-biased responding via impairment of self-regulatory cognitive control. Participants consumed either a placebo or alcohol and then made speeded responses to stereotypic trait words presented after White and Black face primes while behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) data were recorded. Alcohol did not affect stereotype activation in either experiment. Experiment 2 showed that alcohol significantly impaired the ability to inhibit race-biased responses but did not reliably influence control of counterstereotypic responses. This disinhibition appears driven by impairment of regulative cognitive control, as indexed by amplitude of the negative slow wave ERP component. These findings suggest that controlling racial bias can be a function of effective implementation of basic self-regulatory processes in addition to the motivational processes identified in other research.
Bartholow
Bruce D
BD
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. BartholowB@missouri.edu
Dickter
Cheryl L
CL
Sestir
Marc A
MA
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001245:Association Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D003265:Contingent Negative Variation; D003463:Cues; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011287:Prejudice; D011822:Race Relations; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012660:Semantics; D013240:Stereotyping; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*