Oculo-renal disorders in infectious diseases.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this article is to review the potential ocular and renal disorders in infectious diseases to which humans are susceptible and to determine prevalence of these diseases.


METHODS
Published cases of oculo-renal disorders associated with various infectious diseases were collected from the international literature by searching the MEDLINE database (PUBMED 1970-2004) for original reports and review articles published in English. Citations from papers retrieved were screened and retrieved papers were evaluated.


RESULTS
Based on the screened data, we propose a practical, structure-oriented checklist of such lesions divided into bacterial, viral, parasital, and fugal infections.


CONCLUSIONS
The oculorenal manifestations of infectious diseases may be flagrant or subtle. Awareness of the signs and symptoms of infections allows early recognition and prompt, appropriate management. The clinical presentation and relative frequency of those manifestations are reviewed.
Izzedine
Hassane
H
Department of Nephrology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France. hassan.izzedine@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
Buhaescu
Irina
I
Bodaghi
Bahram
B
Martinez
Valerie
V
Caumes
Eric
E
Lehoang
Phuc
P
Deray
Gilbert
G
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D015817:Eye Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents