The role of adenosine A2A and A3 receptors on the differential modulation of norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y release from peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals.
The pre-synaptic sympathetic modulator role of adenosine was assessed by studying transmitter release following electrical depolarization of nerve endings from the rat mesenteric artery. Mesentery perfusion with exogenous adenosine exclusively inhibited the release of norepinephrine (NA) but did not affect the overflow of neuropeptide Y (NPY), establishing the basis for a differential pre-synaptic modulator mechanism. Several adenosine structural analogs mimicked adenosine's effect on NA release and their relative order of potency was: 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride = 1-[2-chloro-6-[[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl]-1-deoxy-N-methyl-beta-d-ribofuranuronamide = 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine >> adenosine > N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine. The use of selective receptor subtype antagonists confirmed the involvement of A(2A) and A(3) adenosine receptors. The modulator role of adenosine is probably due to the activation of both receptors; co-application of 1 nM 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride plus 1 nM 1-[2-chloro-6-[[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl]-1-deoxy-N-methyl-beta-D-ribofuranuronamide caused additive reductions in NA released. Furthermore, while 1 nM of an A(2A) or A(3) receptor antagonist only partially reduced the inhibitory action of adenosine, the combined co-application of the two antagonists fully blocked the adenosine-induced inhibition. Only the simultaneous blockade of the adenosine A(2A) plus A(3) receptors with selective antagonists elicited a significant increase in NA overflow. H 89 reduced the release of both NA and NPY. We conclude that pre-synaptic A(2A) and A(3) adenosine receptor activation modulates sympathetic co-transmission by exclusively inhibiting the release of NA without affecting immunoreactive (ir)-NPY and we suggest separate mechanisms for vesicular release modulation.
Donoso
M Verónica
MV
Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología Prof J.V. Luco, Departamento de Fisiología, Unidad de Regulación Neurohumoral, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Aedo
Felipe
F
Huidobro-Toro
J Pablo
JP
D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058909:Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017779:Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism
D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D058909:Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonists; D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000241:Adenosine; C063509:N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide; D009638:Norepinephrine