Proliferative response of gingival cells to ultrasonic and/or vibration toothbrushes.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of ultrasonic and/or vibration toothbrushes on cell proliferation and collagen synthesis.


METHODS
In eight dogs, teeth and gingivae were stimulated once a day as follows: the first quadrant with an ultrasonic toothbrush (1.6 MHz); the second one with a mechanical vibratory toothbrush (141 Hz); and the third one with a toothbrush generating both the ultrasound and the vibration. The fourth quadrant served as a control. Proliferative activity and collagen synthesis of gingival cells were evaluated by assaying the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP), respectively.


RESULTS
After 5 weeks, ultrasonic or vibratory toothbrushes increased the numbers of PCNA-positive fibroblasts and PIP-positive fibroblasts. Toothbrushing with a combination of ultrasound and mechanical vibration increased the numbers of PIP-positive fibroblasts, total fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells to a greater extent than the one with only ultrasound alone. Vibratory toothbrush, but not the ultrasonic one, induced an increase in collagen density without gingival overgrowth.
Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
Hiroki
H
Kusano
Takaaki
T
Tomofuji
Tetsuji
T
Azuma
Tomonori
T
Sakamoto
Tatsuo
T
Yamamoto
Tatsuo
T
Watanabe
D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003239:Connective Tissue Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004285:Dogs; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D011347:Procollagen / Q000032:analysis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013010:Sonication; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014732:Vibration; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C042813:procollagen type I carboxy terminal peptide; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D003094:Collagen