Pharmacologic interventions for smoking cessation.
According to the US Public Health Service, all patients attempting to quit smoking should be encouraged to use one or more effective pharmacotherapy agents for cessation except in the presence of special circumstances. This article provides an overview of the pharmacologic agents for acute and critical care nurses to consider when intervening with tobacco-dependent patients. Medications addressed in this article include (1) first-line agents (nicotine replacement therapy, sustained-release bupropion) that have proven efficacy and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for smoking cessation, (2) second-line agents (nortriptyline, clonidine) that have proven efficacy but no FDA indication for smoking cessation, (3) approaches that use of combination or high-dose therapy, (4) herbal therapies, and (5) emerging therapies that are currently under investigation.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. corellir@pharmacy.ucsf.edu
Robin L
RL
Corelli
Karen Suchanek
KS
Hudmon
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002638:Chewing Gum; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009661:Nortriptyline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077285:Rimonabant; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D000068580:Varenicline
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D001552:Benzazepines; D002638:Chewing Gum; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011810:Quinoxalines; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine; D009661:Nortriptyline; D003000:Clonidine; D000077285:Rimonabant; D000068580:Varenicline