Atypical movement disorders in antiphospholipid syndrome.
Movement disorders have only rarely been reported in association with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). In such cases, chorea is the most common disorder observed, with occasional reports of hemidystonia, Parkinsonism, and hemiballism. We report here on 3 cases of APS (3 women ages 16, 46, and 56 years) who presented with movement disorders, including tics, tremor, myoclonus, and a corticobasal syndrome, never or rarely reported in association with this disease. Mild executive dysfunction was observed in all 3 patients. We also report the successful treatment of two of these patients with mild oral anticoagulation (INR 2-3). Movement disorders in APS seem more clinically heterogeneous than previously thought. Oral anticoagulation should be considered in the treatment of movement disorders associated with APS.
Martino
Davide
D
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
Chew
Nee-Kong
NK
Mir
Pablo
P
Edwards
Mark J
MJ
Quinn
Niall P
NP
Bhatia
Kailash P
KP
D000293:Adolescent; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010630:Phenindione / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010644:Phenprocoumon / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018860:Sneddon Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D013132:Spinocerebellar Degenerations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D020323:Tics / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014202:Tremor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
D010630:Phenindione; D014859:Warfarin; D010644:Phenprocoumon