Fuel-powered artificial muscles.
Artificial muscles and electric motors found in autonomous robots and prosthetic limbs are typically battery-powered, which severely restricts the duration of their performance and can necessitate long inactivity during battery recharge. To help solve these problems, we demonstrated two types of artificial muscles that convert the chemical energy of high-energy-density fuels to mechanical energy. The first type stores electrical charge and uses changes in stored charge for mechanical actuation. In contrast with electrically powered electrochemical muscles, only half of the actuator cycle is electrochemical. The second type of fuel-powered muscle provides a demonstrated actuator stroke and power density comparable to those of natural skeletal muscle and generated stresses that are over a hundred times higher.
Ebron
Von Howard
VH
Department of Chemistry and NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA.
Yang
Zhiwei
Z
Seyer
Daniel J
DJ
Kozlov
Mikhail E
ME
Oh
Jiyoung
J
Xie
Hui
H
Razal
Joselito
J
Hall
Lee J
LJ
Ferraris
John P
JP
Macdiarmid
Alan G
AG
Baughman
Ray H
RH
D001187:Artificial Organs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D040761:Biomimetic Materials; D001701:Bionics; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D017770:Lifting; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D012371:Robotics; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D006859:Hydrogen; D010100:Oxygen