Multinutrient supplement containing ephedra and caffeine causes weight loss and improves metabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the safety and efficacy of a dietary supplement with a low dose of ephedra and caffeine in overweight/obese premenopausal female subjects.


METHODS
A 9-month, double-blind, randomized control study compared the efficacy and safety of a dietary supplement with ephedra and caffeine to a control supplement.


METHODS
Sixty-one healthy, premenopausal women with body mass index (BMI) from 27 to 39 kg/m2 were randomly assigned and received a dietary supplement (40 mg/day ephedra alkaloids, 100 mg/day caffeine, high potency mixture of vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fatty acids) or a control supplement for 9 months.


METHODS



RESULTS
changes in body weight, body composition, lipids, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and self-reports of physical activity, diet and quality of life indices.


RESULTS
blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiograms, urinalysis, blood histology, serum chemistry measures and self-reported symptoms.


RESULTS
Forty-one women completed the study. The treatment group lost significantly more body weight (-7.18 kg) and body fat (-5.33 kg) than the control group (-2.25 and -0.99 kg, respectively), and showed significant declines in heart rate, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio, glucose, fasting insulin, and leptin. Blood pressure, electrocardiograms, other clinical chemistry measures, blood histology, urinalysis, and self-reported physical activity were similar in the groups. Minor symptoms included dry mouth, insomnia, nervousness and palpitations. The treatment group reported more energy and decreased appetite compared to controls and scored higher on a quality of life domain assessing vitality.


CONCLUSIONS
A dietary supplement containing a low potency ephedra/caffeine mixture appeared safe and effective in causing loss of weight and body fat, and improving several metabolic parameters, including insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles when tested under physician supervision. Such supplements could be a useful tool to assist with weight loss.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8669, USA. rmhackman@ucdavis.edu
R M
RM
Hackman
P J
PJ
Havel
H J
HJ
Schwartz
J C
JC
Rutledge
M R
MR
Watnik
E M
EM
Noceti
S J
SJ
Stohs
J S
JS
Stern
C L
CL
Keen
D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography; D029789:Ephedra; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002110:Caffeine