NG2 proteoglycan-expressing microglia as multipotent neural progenitors in normal and pathologic brains.
Rat primary microglia (MG) acquired a multipotent property to give rise to neuroectodermal cells through two-step culture in 10 and 70% serum-supplemented media for 5 days. Such multipotent MG, called promicroglioblasts (ProMGBs), formed cell aggregates, which generated cells with neuroectodermal phenotypes shortly after their transfer into serum-free medium. As revealed by immunohistochemistry, there were a few MG expressing NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (NG2) in the neonatal rat brain. Primary culture from the neonatal brain contained NG2+ MG, which appeared to be the source of NG2+ ProMGB aggregates. The aggregates were MG marker+/NG2+/GFAP+/NCAM+/S-100beta- and had alkaline phosphatase activity. The marked accumulation of NG2+ MG was observed close to stab wounds made in the mature rat brain. The accumulated NG2+ MG in the wound gradually decreased in number, but the cells persisted up to 150 days postlesioning. In addition, GFAP immunoreactivity increased markedly around the wound. The NG2+ MG in the wounds separated with trypsin-EDTA formed NG2+ aggregates in 70% serum-supplemented medium and then transformed into cells with neuroectodermal phenotypes in serum-free medium. Although it is difficult to separate viable neurons from mature brains, cells from stab wounds generated process-bearing beta-tubulin III+ cells in vitro easily. These data suggest that NG2+ MG in normal developing or pathologic brains are involved in the genesis or regeneration of the brain.
Yokoyama
Akiko
A
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
Sakamoto
Aiko
A
Kameda
Kenji
K
Imai
Yoshinori
Y
Tanaka
Junya
J
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000941:Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000941:Antigens; D015415:Biomarkers; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4