Evolution of endoscopic therapy for esophageal varices.
Endoscopic treatment for bleeding esophageal varices was first described 65 years ago, but the technique was not widely adopted until the 1970s. Rapid progress since then has resulted in new, more effective forms of endoscopic treatment. Currently, endoscopic therapy is the primary treatment for patients with bleeding esophageal varices at most centers. This review traces the evolution of endoscopic treatment, summarizes current outcomes data, and speculates on future development.
University of Colorado Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA. greg.stiegmann@uchsc.edu
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D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D005544:Forecasting; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009248:Nadolol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods; D013392:Sucralfate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D009248:Nadolol; D013392:Sucralfate