Involvement of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha in the different expression level between CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in the human liver.
CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are clinically important drug-metabolizing enzymes. The expression level of CYP2C9 is much higher than that of CYP2C19, although the factor(s) responsible for the difference between the expression levels of these genes is still unclear. It has been reported that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) plays an important role in regulation of the expression of liver-enriched genes, including P450 genes. Thus, we hypothesized that HNF4alpha contributes to the difference between the expression levels of these genes. Two direct repeat 1 (DR1) elements were located in both the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 promoters. The upstream and downstream elements in these promoters had the same sequences, and HNF4alpha could bind to both elements in vitro. The transactivation levels of constructs containing two DR1 elements of the CYP2C9 promoter were increased by HNF4alpha, whereas those of the CYP2C19 promoter were not increased. The introduction of mutations into either the upstream or downstream element in the CYP2C9 gene abolished the responsiveness to HNF4alpha. We also examined whether HNF4alpha could bind to the promoter regions of the CYP2C9 and the CYP2C19 genes in vivo. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that HNF4alpha could bind to the promoter region of the CYP2C9 gene but not to that of the CYP2C19 promoter in the human liver. Taken together, our results suggest that HNF4alpha is a factor responsible for the difference between the expression levels of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 in the human liver.
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
Sachiyo
S
Kawashima
Kaoru
K
Kobayashi
Kaori
K
Takama
Tomoaki
T
Higuchi
Tomomi
T
Furihata
Masakiyo
M
Hosokawa
Kan
K
Chiba
D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D014162:Transfection
C496592:HNF4A protein, human; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19