Toll-like receptors in central nervous system glial inflammation and homeostasis.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors expressed on cells of the innate immune system that allow for the recognition of conserved structural motifs on a wide array of pathogens, referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, as well as some endogenous molecules. The recent emergence of studies examining TLRs in the central nervous system (CNS) indicates that these receptors not only play a role in innate immunity in response to infectious diseases but may also participate in CNS autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and tissue injury. This review summarizes the experimental evidence demonstrating a role for TLRs in the context of CNS inflammation in both infectious and noninfectious conditions.
Kielian
Tammy
T
Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. kieliantammyl@uams.edu
D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors