Detection and molecular characterization of foamy viruses in Central African chimpanzees of the Pan troglodytes troglodytes and Pan troglodytes vellerosus subspecies.
BACKGROUND
Foamy viruses are exogenous retroviruses that are highly endemic in non-human primates (NHPs). Recent studies, mainly performed in North America, indicated frequent simian foamy virus (SFV) infection in persons occupationally exposed to NHPs. This zoonotic infection was demonstrated mainly after bites by chimpanzees [Pan troglodytes (P. t.)] of the West African P. t. verus subspecies in primatology centers or zoos in the USA.


METHODS
We studied 32 chimpanzees from the Central African subspecies P. t. troglodytes and P. t. vellerosus, originating from Cameroon (29 cases) or Gabon (3 cases). We screened first plasma or sera of the animals with a Western blot detecting the SFVs Gag doublet proteins. Then, we performed two nested polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) amplifying a fragment of the integrase and LTR regions and, finally, we made phylogenetical analyses on the sequences obtained from the integrase PCR products.


RESULTS
By serological and/or molecular assays, we detected foamy viruses (FVs) infection in 14 chimpanzees. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses of a 425 bp fragment of the integrase gene obtained for 10 of the 14 positive apes, demonstrated a wide diversity of new FVs strains that belong phylogenetically either to the P. t. troglodytes or P. t. vellerosus foamy viral clade.


CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that chimpanzees living in these areas of Central Africa are infected by several specific foamy viruses. This raises, in such regions, the potential risk of a human retroviral infection of zoonotic origin linked to chimpanzees contacts, as already exemplified for STLV-1 and SIV infections.
Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département EEMI, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
Sara
S
Calattini
Eric
E
Nerrienet
Philippe
P
Mauclère
Marie-Claude
MC
Georges-Courbot
Ali
A
Saib
Antoine
A
Gessain
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000662:veterinary; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D019426:Integrases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012192:Retroviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D016092:Spumavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019426:Integrases