The congenital disorders of glycosylation: a multifaceted group of syndromes.
The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly expanding group of metabolic syndromes with a wide symptomatology and severity. They all stem from deficient N-glycosylation of proteins. To date the group contains 18 different subtypes: 12 of Type I (disrupted synthesis of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor) and 6 of Type II (malfunctioning trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide). Main features of CDG involve psychomotor retardation; ataxia; seizures; retinopathy; liver fibrosis; coagulopathies; failure to thrive; dysmorphic features, including inverted nipples and subcutaneous fat pads; and strabismus. No treatment currently is available for the vast majority of these syndromes (CDG-Ib and CDG-IIc are exceptions), even though attempts to synthesize drugs for the most common subtype, CDG-Ia, have been made. In this review we will discuss the individual syndromes, with focus on their neuronal involvement, available and possible treatments, and future directions.
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Erik A
EA
Eklund
Hudson H
HH
Freeze
D002239:Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans