Eddy-current induction in extended metallic parts as a source of considerable torsional moment.
OBJECTIVE
To examine eddy-current-provoked torque on conductive parts due to current induction from movement through the fringe field of the MR scanner and from gradient switching.


METHODS
For both cases, torque was calculated for frames of copper, aluminum, and titanium, inclined to 45 degrees to B0 (maximum torque case). Conditions were analyzed in which torque from gravity (legal limit, ASTM F2213-02) was exceeded. Experiments were carried out on a 1.5 T and a 3 T scanner for copper and titanium frames and plates (approximately 50 x 50 mm2). Movement-induced torque was measured at patient table velocity (20 cm/second). Alternating torque from gradient switching was investigated by holding the specimens in different locations in the scanner while executing sequences that exploited the gradient capabilities (40 mT/m).


RESULTS
The calculations predicted that movement-induced torque could exceed torque from gravity (depending on the part size, electric resistance, and velocity). Two experiments on moving conductive frames in the fringe fields of the scanners confirmed the calculations. For maximum torque case parameters, gradient-switching-induced torque was calculated to be nearly 100 times greater than the movement-induced torque. Well-conducting metal parts located off center vibrated significantly due to impulse-like fast alternating torque characteristics.


CONCLUSIONS
Torque on metal parts from movement in the fringe field is weak under standard conditions, but for larger parts the acceptable limit can be reached with a high static field and increased velocity. Vibrations due to gradient switching were confirmed and may explain the sensations occasionally reported by patients with implants.
Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. hansjoerg.graf@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Hansjörg
H
Graf
Ulrike A
UA
Lauer
Fritz
F
Schick
D000535:Aluminum; D003300:Copper; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004869:Equipment Safety; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008670:Metals; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D014025:Titanium; D019415:Torque
D008670:Metals; D003300:Copper; D000535:Aluminum; D014025:Titanium