Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Parkinson's disease.
Inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated as pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidence from in vitro and animal studies suggests a possible protective role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin. We investigated the risk of PD associated with use of aspirin and nonaspirin NSAIDs in a population-based case-control study among enrollees of Group Health Cooperative, a health maintenance organization in the Seattle area. Subjects included 206 cases between ages 35 and 89 with a new diagnosis of idiopathic PD between 1992 and 2002, and 383 randomly selected controls frequency-matched by age, sex, duration of enrollment, and clinic. We obtained information on participants' age, smoking, and medical history from interview. Exposure to NSAIDs was ascertained from an automated pharmacy database. Medications filled within 5 years of the interview were excluded. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, duration of enrollment, and clinic, the risk of PD among individuals who received nonaspirin NSAIDs between 1977 and 1992 was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.59-1.35) and 1.67 (95% CI: 0.60-4.60) between 1993 and 2002. Use of ibuprofen was not associated with PD (OR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.60-1.32). The risk of PD associated with aspirin or aspirin-containing medications was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.49-1.12). We observed no trend in risk according to number of fills for these drugs. Our results provide only limited support for the hypothesis that use of aspirin may reduce the risk of this disease, and no indication of protection from other NSAIDs.
Ton
Thanh G
TG
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. thanhton@u.washington.edu
Heckbert
Susan R
SR
Longstreth
W T
WT
Rossing
Mary Anne
MA
Kukull
Walter A
WA
Franklin
Gary M
GM
Swanson
Phillip D
PD
Smith-Weller
Terri
T
Checkoway
Harvey
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014861:Washington
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin; D007052:Ibuprofen