Antagonism of ethanol ataxia by intracerebellar nicotine: possible modulation by mouse cerebellar nitric oxide and cGMP.
We have reported previously that intracerebellar nicotine attenuates ethanol ataxia via nicotinic-cholinergic receptors. We report now that attenuation of ethanol ataxia by intracerebellar nicotine is modulated by cerebellar nitric oxide-guanylyl cyclase (GC) messenger system. Intracerebellar microinfusion of SNP (sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor; 15, 30, and 60 pg) and SMT (S-methylisothiourea; 70, 140, and 280 fg; an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase), significantly enhanced and reduced, respectively, intracerebellar nicotine-induced attenuation of ethanol ataxia in a dose-related manner. Similarly, intracerebellar isoliquiritigenin (an activator of GC; 1, 2, and 4 pg) and ODQ (1H [1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, an inhibitor of GC; 375, 750, and 1500 fg), significantly enhanced and reduced, respectively, intracerebellar nicotine-induced attenuation of ethanol ataxia in a dose-related fashion. These results suggest that the functional interaction between nicotine and ethanol may involve modulation by cerebellar nitric oxide and cGMP. Intracerebellar microinfusion of isoliquiritigenin (4, 8, and 16 pg) in the absence of nicotine significantly attenuated ethanol ataxia dose-dependently indicating a tonic involvement of cGMP in ethanol ataxia. Finally, intracerebellar nicotine (5 ng) significantly increased and ethanol 2 g/kg i.p. decreased levels of total cerebellar nitrite+nitrate (NOx) which were functionally correlated with ethanol ataxia and its attenuation by intracerebellar nicotine. The ethanol-induced decrease in NOx was significantly antagonized by intracerebellar nicotine. The NOx data further supported an involvement of nitric oxide in the behavioral interaction between nicotine and ethanol. Overall, the results of the present investigation demonstrate a functional correlation between cerebellar nitric oxide messenger system and the behavioral interaction between nicotine and ethanol.
Al-Rejaie
Salim
S
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
Dar
M Saeed
MS
D020268:Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology
D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; D009538:Nicotine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D006152:Cyclic GMP