[Spectrum of congenital malformations observed in neonates of consanguineous parents].
BACKGROUND
Consanguineous unions occur in all populations around the world. Couples related as second cousins or closer have been observed with deleterious effect. Among the clinical effects of parental consanguinity, the incidence of offspring with congenital malformations (CM) increases approximately two-fold.


METHODS
A hospital database of neonates with CM was searched to select neonates with parental consanguinity and two control groups. One control group consisted of healthy neonates and the other control group consisted of neonates with CM but without parental consanguinity. Both control groups consisted of the first neonate of the same sex to be born after a consanguineous neonate with CM. Family, sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, as well as the severity of the malformations, were compared between the two groups with CM. Neonates with CM were grouped into five categories: Major multiple CM, minor multiple CM, isolated major CM, isolated minor CM, and specific diseases. The indigenous Mayan subpopulation was also analyzed.


RESULTS
Among 1117 neonates with CM, parental consanguinity was found in 21. Parental consanguinity was also found in 8 neonates in the group of healthy controls (OR 2.4 [1.05-5.95]). The most common form of consanguinity was between second cousins and was more frequent in the Mayan subpopulation. Major multiple CM were more frequent among consanguineous than among nonconsanguineous couples. No association was found between the severity of CM and the degree of relationship.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of consanguinity found in neonates with CM and healthy controls (1.9 % and 0.8 %) was similar to that found in other Latin populations. A higher prevalence was found in the Mayan population. Mayor multiple CM were more frequent among the neonates of consanguineous than among nonconsanguineous couples.
Pinto Escalante
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D
Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Laboratorio de Genética, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. pescalan@tunku.uady.mx
Castillo Zapata
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I
Ruiz Allec
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D
Ceballos Quintal
J M
JM
D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003241:Consanguinity; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology