Toll-like receptors in central nervous system glial inflammation and homeostasis.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern-recognition receptors expressed on cells of the innate immune system that allow for the recognition of conserved structural motifs on a wide array of pathogens, referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, as well as some endogenous molecules. The recent emergence of studies examining TLRs in the central nervous system (CNS) indicates that these receptors not only play a role in innate immunity in response to infectious diseases but may also participate in CNS autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, and tissue injury. This review summarizes the experimental evidence demonstrating a role for TLRs in the context of CNS inflammation in both infectious and noninfectious conditions.
Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA. kieliantammyl@uams.edu
Tammy
T
Kielian
D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors