The P53 pathway: what questions remain to be explored?
The p53 pathway is composed of hundreds of genes and their products that respond to a wide variety of stress signals. These responses to stress include apoptosis, cellular senescence or cell cycle arrest. In addition the p53-regulated genes produce proteins that communicate these stress signals to adjacent cells, prevent and repair damaged DNA and create feedback loops that enhance or attenuate p53 activity and communicate with other signal transduction pathways. Many questions remain to be explored in our understanding of how this network of genes plays a role in protection from cancers, therapy and integrating the homeostatic mechanisms of stress management and fidelity in a cell and organism. The goal of this chapter is to elucidate some of those questions and suggest new directions for this area of research.
Levine
A J
AJ
Institute for Advanced Study and The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. alevine@ias.edu
Hu
W
W
Feng
Z
Z
D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004247:DNA; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2