Multiple endocrine neoplasia: spectrum of radiologic appearances and discussion of a multitechnique imaging approach.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is characterized by the occurrence of two or more tumors that may be associated with hyperfunction and malignancy. MEN is caused by genetic defects, and two major types, MEN 1 and MEN 2, are recognized. Each type is characterized by the development of tumors within specific endocrine organs. A multidisciplinary approach involving cooperation between endocrinologists, surgeons, oncologists, and radiologists is pivotal for optimizing patient treatment. Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis and management of the disease. To contribute effectively, however, the radiologist must understand the range of anatomic and functional imaging modalities used in the assessment of endocrine disorders. In addition, knowledge of the optimal techniques for evaluating the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreatic, adrenal, and foregut carcinoid tumors that occur in these MEN syndromes is essential. Finally, an understanding of the spectrum of disease and of the manifestations of each component is crucial for accurate detection, staging, and surveillance in this diverse patient group.
Scarsbrook
Andrew F
AF
Department of Radiology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe NHS Trust, Oxford, England. andyscarsbrook1@aol.com
Thakker
Rajesh V
RV
Wass
John A H
JA
Gleeson
Fergus V
FV
Phillips
Rachel R
RR
D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D009377:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013382:Subtraction Technique