Substance use in persons with schizophrenia: baseline prevalence and correlates from the NIMH CATIE study.
This study examined baseline correlates of substance use in the NIMH Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness project. Approximately 60% of the sample was found to use substances, including 37% with current evidence of substance use disorders. Users (with and without substance use disorders), compared with nonusers, were significantly more likely to be male, be African-American, have lower educational attainment, have a recent period of homelessness, report more childhood conduct problems, have a history of major depression, have lower negative symptom and higher positive symptom scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and have a recent illness exacerbation. Individuals with comorbid substance use disorders were significantly more likely to be male, report more childhood conduct problems, have higher positive symptom scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and have a recent illness exacerbation. These analyses suggest that substance use disorders in schizophrenia are especially common among men with a history of childhood conduct disorder problems and that childhood conduct disorder problems are potent risk factors for substance use disorders in schizophrenia.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Marvin S
MS
Swartz
H Ryan
HR
Wagner
Jeffrey W
JW
Swanson
T Scott
TS
Stroup
Joseph P
JP
McEvoy
Jose M
JM
Canive
Del D
DD
Miller
Fred
F
Reimherr
Mark
M
McGee
Ahsan
A
Khan
Richard
R
Van Dorn
Robert A
RA
Rosenheck
Jeffrey A
JA
Lieberman
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C092292:ziprasidone