Reduced c-Myc signaling triggers telomere-independent senescence by regulating Bmi-1 and p16(INK4a).
Increased mitogenic signaling by positive effectors such as Ras or Myc can trigger senescence in normal cells, a response believed to function as a tumor-suppressive mechanism. We report here the existence of a checkpoint that monitors hypoproliferative signaling imbalances. Normal human fibroblasts with one copy of the c-myc gene inactivated by targeted homologous recombination switched with an increased frequency to a telomere-independent senescent state mediated by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a). p16(INK4a) expression was regulated by the Polycomb group repressor Bmi-1, which we show is a direct transcriptional target of c-Myc. The Myc-Bmi circuit provides a mechanism for the conversion of environmental inputs that converge on c-Myc into discrete cell-fate decisions coupled to cell-cycle recruitment. A mechanism for limiting the proliferation of damaged or otherwise physiologically compromised cells would be expected to have important consequences on the generation of replicatively senescent cells during organismal aging.
Guney
Isil
I
Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, and Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
Wu
Shirley
S
Sedivy
John M
JM
D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism
C069077:BMI1 protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C489427:MYC protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D004247:DNA; D063150:Polycomb Repressive Complex 1