The adaptive response of the reticuloendothelial system to major liver resection in humans.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the contribution of the liver to total circulatory reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytosis capacity in patients undergoing liver resection and to compare it with values in end-stage chronic liver disease.


BACKGROUND
The mechanism whereby major liver resection is associated with a high incidence of infection is unknown. Significant impairment of RES phagocytosis has been described in liver failure, rendering such patients susceptible to infection; and we hypothesized that similar impairment might occur following major liver resection.


METHODS
A prospective study was conducted in which Tc-albumin microspheres blood clearance served as a parameter for RES phagocytosis and was studied together with indocyanine green blood clearance, actual liver volume measured by three-dimensional image analysis, and a clinical score of hepatic dysfunction in 17 patients undergoing liver resection and in 8 patients with end-stage chronic liver disease assessed for liver transplantation.


RESULTS
When expressed relative to volume unit of residual liver, microspheres clearance increased significantly in the immediate postoperative period (day 1) following major (0.009% versus 0.022% min(-1) mL(-1), P < 0.001), but not minor liver resection. In contrast, the absolute rate of microsphere clearance decreased following major resection (15% min(-1) versus 10% min(-1), P < 0.001) and was comparable with the rate observed in end-stage chronic liver disease (9% min(-1)). This decrease in circulatory microspheres clearance after resection paralleled a decrease in indocyanine green clearance (R2 = 0.511, P = 0.006), and there was a trend for those with moderate liver dysfunction to have lower microspheres clearance rates (P = 0.068).


CONCLUSIONS
Preservation of a minimum volume of functioning liver is a prerequisite for adequate RES phagocytosis capacity, and failure of this system may predispose patients undergoing major liver resection to infection as observed in clinical studies.
Schindl
Martin J
MJ
Edinburgh Liver Surgery and Transplantation Experimental Research Group (eLISTER) and the Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Millar
Alistair M
AM
Redhead
Doris N
DN
Fearon
Kenneth C H
KC
Ross
James A
JA
Dejong
Cornelius H C
CH
Garden
O James
OJ
Wigmore
Stephen J
SJ
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D012157:Mononuclear Phagocyte System / Q000502:physiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin