Inhibitory effects of cranberry polyphenols on formation and acidogenicity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms.
Cranberry fruit is a rich source of polyphenols, and has shown biological activities against Streptococcus mutans. In the present study, we examined the influence of extracts of flavonols (FLAV), anthocyanins (A) and proanthocyanidins (PAC) from cranberry on virulence factors involved in Streptococcus mutans biofilm development and acidogenicity. PAC and FLAV, alone or in combination, inhibited the surface-adsorbed glucosyltransferases and F-ATPases activities, and the acid production by S. mutans cells. Furthermore, biofilm development and acidogenicity were significantly affected by topical applications of PAC and FLAV (P<0.05). Anthocyanins were devoid of any significant biological effects. The flavonols are comprised of mostly quercetin glycosides, and the PAC are largely A-type oligomers of epicatechin. Our data show that proanthocyanidins and flavonols are the active constituents of cranberry against S. mutans.
Duarte
Simone
S
Eastman Department of Dentistry Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Gregoire
Stacy
S
Singh
Ajay P
AP
Vorsa
Nicholi
N
Schaich
Karen
K
Bowen
William H
WH
Koo
Hyun
H
D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon / Q000737:chemistry*
D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins