Optic cup and facial patterning defects in ocular ectoderm beta-catenin gain-of-function mice.
BACKGROUND
The canonical Wnt signaling pathway has a number of critical functions during embryonic development and, when activated aberrantly, in the genesis of cancer. Current evidence suggests that during eye development, regulation of Wnt signaling is critical for patterning the surface ectoderm that will contribute to multiple components of the eye. Wnt signaling loss-of-function experiments show that a region of periocular ectoderm will form ectopic lentoid bodies unless the Wnt pathway modifies its fate towards other structures. Consistent with this, Wnt signaling gain of function in the ocular region ectoderm results in a suppression of lens fate.


RESULTS
Here we demonstrate that ectoderm-specific Wnt signaling gain-of-function embryos exhibit additional defects besides those noted in the lens. There are profound facial defects including a foreshortened snout, malformation of the nasal region, and clefting of the epidermis along the ocular-nasal axis. Furthermore, despite the restriction of Wnt pathway gain-of-function to the surface ectoderm, the optic cup is inappropriately patterned and ultimately forms a highly convoluted, disorganized array of epithelium with the characteristics of retina and retinal pigmented epithelium.


CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that activation of the Wnt pathway in surface ectoderm may disrupt the normal exchange of signals between the presumptive lens and retina that coordinate development of a functional eye.
Miller
Leigh-Anne D
LA
Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. Leigh-Anne.Miller@cchmc.org
Smith
April N
AN
Taketo
M Mark
MM
Lang
Richard A
RA
D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin