Longer term outcomes from a randomised trial of prescribing strategies in otitis media.
BACKGROUND
There are limited data about the longer-term outcomes in acute otitis media (AOM) when comparing the realistic alternatives of immediate prescription of antibiotics and a 'wait and see' or delayed prescribing policy.


OBJECTIVE
The aim was to assess the medium and longer term outcomes of two prescribing strategies for otitis media.


METHODS
Follow-up of a randomised controlled trial cohort.


METHODS
Primary care.


METHODS
Three-hundred and fifteen children aged 6 months to 10 years presenting with AOM were randomised to immediate antibiotics, or antibiotics delayed at the parents discretion 72 hours if the child still had significant otalgia or fever, or was not improving. Episodes of earache since study entry were documented, and a poor score (of 9 or more--the top 20%) on a reliable six-item functional rating scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.75).


RESULTS
The delayed prescribing strategy did not significantly increase reported episodes of earache in the 3 months since randomisation (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48 to 1.65) or over 1 year (OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.78) nor of poor scores on the function scale at 3 months (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.61 to 2.22) or 1 year (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.57 to 2.19), and controlling for subsequent antibiotic use after the randomised episode did not alter these estimates. The number of prior episodes of AOM documented in the doctor's notes predicted episodes of earache reported (0, 1, > or = 2 episodes, respectively; OR = 1, 2.42, 2.61; chi2 for trend 8.04; P<0.01). There was weaker evidence that prior episodes also predicted poor function at 1 year (OR = 1, 1.86, 2.28; chi2 for trend 5.49; P = 0.019). For children with recurrent AOM (two or more previous episodes documented in the doctor's notes, n = 43) there was possible evidence of fewer episodes of earache in the 3 months since study entry in the immediate antibiotic group (10% compared to 39% in the delayed group, chi2 4.8, P = 0.029), but no effect from randomisation to 1 year.


CONCLUSIONS
For most children, delayed prescribing is not likely to have adverse longer-term consequences. Children with recurrent AOM are more likely to have poorer outcomes. Secondary analysis should be treated with caution and requires confirmation, but suggests that treating such children with antibiotics immediately may not alter longer-term outcomes.
Community Clinical Sciences (Primary Medical Care Group), University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton. p.little@soton.ac.uk
Paul
P
Little
Michael
M
Moore
Greg
G
Warner
Joan
J
Dunleavy
Ian
I
Williamson
D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004917:Erythromycin; D000658:Amoxicillin