The Hardy Effect.
OBJECTIVE
The late James C. Hardy completed an extensive investigation of respiratory muscle activity during speech production. The data set that resulted was probably the most comprehensive and instructive that has ever existed. One aspect of the data puzzled Hardy and caused him to question the validity of his findings and withhold his observations from publication.


METHODS
This research note chronicles Hardy's thinking at the time (based on personal communications) and points out how the aspect of the data that puzzled him turned out to be a seminal discovery of a fundamental mechanism of speech breathing.


CONCLUSIONS
It is proposed that, in his honor, this discovery be referred to as the Hardy Effect.
Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Institute for Neurogenic Communication Disorders, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA. hixon@u.arizona.edu
Thomas J
TJ
Hixon
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000266:history; D004576:Electromyography / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000266:history; D013066:Speech-Language Pathology / Q000266:history; D014481:United States