Effect of initial ziprasidone dose on treatment persistence in schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between ziprasidone initial dose and treatment persistence among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia.


METHODS
Adult Medicaid recipients (N=1096) diagnosed with schizophrenia who had ziprasidone prescription claims between July 1, 2001 and September 30, 2003, were categorized by initial dose: low (20-60 mg per day, n=464), medium (61-119 mg per day, n=320) and high dose (120-160 mg per day, n=312). Treatment persistence up to 365 days was measured using refill patterns, allowing 15-day gaps between expected refill dates. Multivariate survival analysis explored the simultaneous impact of age, gender, race, previous hospitalization, and concomitant medication usage, in addition to initial dose of ziprasidone. Sensitivity analysis tested the robustness of results with different definitions for persistence and allowable gaps between refills.


RESULTS
Discontinuation rates across the observation period (maximum, 12 months per individual) were lower for patients initiated with high-dose than low-dose ziprasidone (P=0.001). Other factors significantly associated with greater discontinuation of medication were monotherapy (versus combination therapy) and hospitalization within the 6 months prior to the index date of therapy. Black race was associated with greater discontinuation, although this was not consistent across sensitivity analyses.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with schizophrenia started on high doses of ziprasidone have lower discontinuation rates in a retrospective Medicaid database than patients started on low doses. These results were robust across various sensitivity analyses.
Mullins
C Daniel
CD
University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 515 W. Lombard Street, Room 262, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States. dmullins@rx.umaryland.edu
Shaya
Fadia T
FT
Zito
Julie Magno
JM
Obeidat
Nour
N
Naradzay
John
J
Harrison
David J
DJ
D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003710:Demography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C092292:ziprasidone