The sensitivity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells carrying the t(12;21) translocation to campath-1H-mediated cell lysis.
OBJECTIVE
Campath-1H is used in conditioning regimens and more recently as an anti-leukemic therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL). We therefore investigated CD52 expression and campath-1H-mediated lysis of ALL cells in vitro.


METHODS
Complement-mediated cytotoxicity assays were performed on freshly isolated neoplastic cells and cell lines using human serum. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was performed by calcein-AM release assays.


RESULTS
CD52 was expressed in four out of eight ALL cell lines studied. Among 61 freshly isolated ALL samples CD52 was expressed at varying levels in 87% of cases. Whereas ADCC was equivalent in different CD52+ lines, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was variable. The REH cell line bearing the t(12;21) translocation showed 47-60% lysis when treated with 10 microg/mL campath-1H compared to 0-6% for the other cell lines expressing equivalent amounts of CD52. Furthermore all nine ALL samples with t(12;21) showed very high CDC (mean 97%) compared to the other 24 CD52+cases (mean 24%)(p<0.0001). In t(12;21) samples, efficient CDC was obtained with as little as 1 microg/mL campath-1H. CDC correlated in part with CD52 levels, suggesting that CD52 expression and other yet undefined factors contribute to the particular sensitivity of t(12;21) cells. The resistance of non t(12;21) ALL cases could be overcome to a limited extent by increasing the concentration of campath-1H, blocking the CD55 and CD59 complement inhibitors, and more effectively by combining campath-1H with fludarabine.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that most ALL samples express CD52 to a variable level and that campath-1H has cytotoxic activity against CD52+ALL, alone or in combination with cytotoxic drugs.
Golay
Josee
J
Laboratory of Cellular and Gene Therapy G. Lanzani, Division of Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy. jgolay@ospedaliriuniti.bergamo.it
Cortiana
Chiara
C
Manganini
Massimiliano
M
Cazzaniga
Giovanni
G
Salvi
Anna
A
Spinelli
Orietta
O
Bassan
Renato
R
Barbui
Tiziano
T
Biondi
Andrea
A
Rambaldi
Alessandro
A
Introna
Martino
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000074323:Alemtuzumab