The levansucrase and inulosucrase enzymes of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 catalyse processive and non-processive transglycosylation reactions.
Bacterial fructosyltransferase (FTF) enzymes synthesize fructan polymers from sucrose. FTFs catalyse two different reactions, depending on the nature of the acceptor, resulting in: (i) transglycosylation, when the growing fructan chain (polymerization), or mono- and oligosaccharides (oligosaccharide synthesis), are used as the acceptor substrate; (ii) hydrolysis, when water is used as the acceptor. Lactobacillus reuteri 121 levansucrase (Lev) and inulosucrase (Inu) enzymes are closely related at the amino acid sequence level (86 % similarity). Also, the eight amino acid residues known to be involved in catalysis and/or sucrose binding are completely conserved. Nevertheless, these enzymes differ markedly in their reaction and product specificities, i.e. in beta(2-->6)- versus beta(2-->1)-glycosidic-bond specificity (resulting in levan and inulin synthesis, respectively), and in the ratio of hydrolysis versus transglycosylation activities [resulting in glucose and fructooligosaccharides (FOSs)/polymer synthesis, respectively]. The authors report a detailed characterization of the transglycosylation reaction products synthesized by the Lb. reuteri 121 Lev and Inu enzymes from sucrose and related oligosaccharide substrates. Lev mainly converted sucrose into a large levan polymer (processive reaction), whereas Inu synthesized mainly a broad range of FOSs of the inulin type (non-processive reaction). Interestingly, the two FTF enzymes were also able to utilize various inulin-type FOSs (1-kestose, 1,1-nystose and 1,1,1-kestopentaose) as substrates, catalysing a disproportionation reaction; to the best of our knowledge, this has not been reported for bacterial FTF enzymes. Based on these data, a model is proposed for the organization of the sugar-binding subsites in the two Lb. reuteri 121 FTF enzymes. This model also explains the catalytic mechanism of the enzymes, and differences in their product specificities.
Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands.|Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing (CCB), TNO-University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
Lukasz K
LK
Ozimek
Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands.|Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing (CCB), TNO-University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
Slavko
S
Kralj
Innovative Ingredients and Products, TNO Quality of Life, Rouaanstraat 27, 9723 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing (CCB), TNO-University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
Marc J E C
MJEC
van der Maarel
Department of Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN, Haren, The Netherlands.|Centre for Carbohydrate Bioprocessing (CCB), TNO-University of Groningen, PO Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
Lubbert
L
Dijkhuizen
D001665:Binding Sites; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005630:Fructans / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006602:Hexosyltransferases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D052200:Limosilactobacillus reuteri / Q000201:enzymology*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins
D005630:Fructans; D006602:Hexosyltransferases; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D013395:Sucrose; C116580:fructooligosaccharide; C072599:levan; C021513:levansucrase; C021451:inulosucrase; D001426:Bacterial Proteins