Effects of tape and exercise on dynamic ankle inversion.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of tape, with and without prewrap, on dynamic ankle inversion before and after exercise.


METHODS
Doubly multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare the taping and exercise conditions. Subjects were randomly assigned to a fixed treatment order as determined by a balanced latin square. The independent variables were tape application (no tape, tape with prewrap, tape to skin) and exercise (before and after). The dependent variables were average inversion velocity, total inversion, maximum inversion velocity, and time to maximum inversion.


METHODS
Thirty college-age male and female students (17 males, 13 females; mean age = 24.9 +/- 4.3 years, range, 19 to 39 years) were tested. Subjects were excluded from the study if they exhibited a painful gait or painful range of motion or had a past history of ankle surgery or an ankle sprain within the past 4 weeks.


METHODS
We collected data using electronic goniometers while subjects balanced on the right leg on an inversion platform tilted about the medial-lateral axis to produce 15 degrees of plantar flexion. Sudden ankle inversion was induced by pulling the inversion platform support, allowing the platform support base to rotate 37 degrees . Ten satisfactory trials were recorded on the inversion platform before and after a prescribed exercise bout. We calculated total inversion, time to maximum inversion, average inversion velocity, and maximum inversion velocity after sudden inversion.


RESULTS
We found no significant differences between taping to the skin and taping over prewrap for any of the variables measured. There were significant differences between both taping conditions and no-tape postexercise for average inversion velocity, maximum inversion, maximum inversion velocity, and time to maximum inversion. The total inversion mean for no-tape postexercise was 38.8 degrees +/- 6.3 degrees , whereas the means for tape and skin and for tape and prewrap were 28.3 degrees +/- 4.6 degrees and 29.1 degrees +/- 4.7 degrees , respectively. After exercise, inversion increased by 1.0 degrees +/- 2.8 degrees for the no-tape condition, whereas the tape-to-skin and tape-over-prewrap inversion increased by 2.1 degrees +/- 3.2 degrees and 1.7 degrees +/- 2.2 degrees , respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
There was no difference in the amount of inversion restriction when taping with prewrap was compared with taping to the skin. Tape and tape with prewrap significantly reduced the average inversion velocity, maximum inversion, maximum inversion velocity, and the time to maximum inversion. Both taping conditions offered residual restriction after exercise.
Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.
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MD
Ricard
S M
SM
Sherwood
S S
SS
Schulthies
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Knight