DNA damage in outdoor workers occupationally exposed to environmental air pollutants.
BACKGROUND
Health concerns about the exposure to genotoxic and carcinogenic agents in the air are particularly significant for outdoor workers in less developed countries.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between personal exposure to a group of air pollutants and severity of DNA damage in outdoor workers from two Mexican cities.


METHODS
DNA damage (Comet assay) and personal exposure to volatile organic compounds, PM(2.5), and ozone were investigated in 55 outdoor and indoor workers from México City and Puebla.


RESULTS
In México City, outdoor workers had greater DNA damage, reflected by a longer tail length, than indoor workers (median 46.8 v 30.1 mum), and a greater percentage of highly damaged cells (cells with tail length > or =41 microm); in Puebla, outdoor and indoor workers had similar DNA damage. There were more alkali labile sites in outdoor than indoor workers. The DNA damage magnitude was positively correlated with PM(2.5) and ozone exposure. Outdoor and indoor workers with > or =60% of highly damaged cells (highly damaged workers) had significantly higher exposures to PM(2.5), ozone, and some volatile organic compounds. The main factors associated with the highly damaged workers were ozone, PM(2.5), and 1-ethyl-2-methyl benzene exposure.


CONCLUSIONS
With this approach, the effects of some air pollutants could be correlated with biological endpoints from the Comet assay. It is suggested that the use of personal exposure assessment and biological endpoints evaluation could be an important tool to generate a more precise assessment of the associated potential health risks.
Tovalin
H
H
División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, FES-Zaragoza, UNAM, México D.F., México.
Valverde
M
M
Morandi
M T
MT
Blanco
S
S
Whitehead
L
L
Rojas
E
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
D000393:Air Pollutants; D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010126:Ozone