Molecular analysis of HIV strains from a cluster of worker infections in the adult film industry, Los Angeles 2004.
OBJECTIVE
In April 2004, 13 susceptible women were exposed to a single acutely HIV-1-infected man while employed to perform various sex acts for the production of adult films; three women were subsequently found to have acquired HIV infection (23% attack rate). As part of the investigation of this infection cluster, we evaluated whether viral strains collected from infected individuals were significantly related.


METHODS
We determined nucleotide sequences from the C2V3C3 and gp41 region of env and the p17 region of gag in viruses from the three infected individuals from whom specimens were available. We then compared these sequences phylogenetically to comparable sequences from available reference strains. Genotypic and phenotypic antiretroviral drug resistance was determined for plasma virus from the male index case and one female contact at a separate commercial laboratory.


RESULTS
The env and gag sequences of the HIV strains from the male index case and two of the infected women were 100% similar. Genotyping of the male index case's virus identified 12 mutations, which represented known naturally occurring polymorphisms in the subtype B consensus sequence that are not associated with antiretroviral drug resistance. Genotyping of the virus from the female contact identified 10 mutations, all of which were shared by the virus from the male index case. Phenotyping demonstrated that both viruses were susceptible to all antiretroviral drugs tested.


CONCLUSIONS
Molecular and virological data strongly support the epidemiological conclusion that these women were infected with an identical strain of HIV through occupational exposure to an individual with an acute HIV infection.
Brooks
John T
JT
Epidemiology Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. zud4@cdc.gov
Robbins
Kenneth E
KE
Youngpairoj
Ae S
AS
Rotblatt
Harlan
H
Kerndt
Peter R
PR
Taylor
Melanie M
MM
Daar
Eric S
ES
Kalish
Marcia L
ML
D016000:Cluster Analysis; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D004882:Erotica; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000235:genetics; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000821:virology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D015686:Gene Products, env; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015488:HIV Antigens; D014764:Viral Proteins; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C054858:p17 protein, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1