The suramin analog 4,4',4'',4'''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis (carbonylimino)))tetra-kis-benzenesulfonic acid (NF110) potently blocks P2X3 receptors: subtype selectivity is determined by location of sulfonic acid groups.
We have previously identified the suramin analog 4,4',4'',4'''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis(carbonylimino)))tetrakis-benzene-1,3-disulfonic acid (NF449) as a low nanomolar potency antagonist of recombinant P2X(1) receptors. Here, we characterize, by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology, three isomeric suramin analogs designated para-4,4',4'',4''''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis (carbonylimino)))tetrakis-benzenesulfonic acid (NF110), meta-(3,3',3'',3''''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis (carbonylimino)))tetra-kis-benzenesulfonic acid (NF448), and ortho-(2,2',2'',2''''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis (carbonylimino)))tetra-kis-benzenesulfonic acid (MK3) with respect to their potency in antagonizing rat P2X receptor-mediated inward currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Meta, para, and ortho refer to the position of the single sulfonic acid group relative to the amide bond linking the four symmetrically oriented benzenesulfonic acid moieties to the central, invariant suramin core. NF448, NF110, and MK3 were >200-fold less potent in blocking P2X(1) receptors than NF449, from which they differ structurally only by having one instead of two sulfonic acid residues per benzene ring. Although the meta- and ortho-isomers retained P2X(1) receptor selectivity, the para-isomer NF110 exhibited a significantly increased activity at P2X(3) receptors (K(i) approximately 36 nM) and displayed the following unique selectivity profile among suramin derivatives: P2X(2+3) = P2X(3) > P2X(1) > P2X(2) >> P2X(4) > P2X(7). The usefulness of NF110 as a P2X(3) receptor antagonist in native tissues could be demonstrated by showing that NF110 blocks alphabeta-methylene-ATP-induced currents in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons with similar potency as recombinant rat P2X(3) receptors. Together, these data highlight the importance of both the number and exact location of negatively charged groups for P2X subtype potency and selectivity.
Hausmann
Ralf
R
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Rettinger
Jürgen
J
Gerevich
Zoltan
Z
Meis
Sabine
S
Kassack
Matthias U
MU
Illes
Peter
P
Lambrecht
Günter
G
Schmalzing
Günther
G
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D051381:Rats; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013498:Suramin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D001557:Benzenesulfonates; C546410:P2rx3 protein, rat; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C511627:meta-3,3',3'',3'''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis(carbonylimino)))tetrakisbenzenesulfonic acid; C511628:ortho-2,2',2'',2'''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis(carbonylimino)))tetrakisbenzenesulfonic acid; C511626:para-4,4',4'',4'''-(carbonylbis(imino-5,1,3-benzenetriylbis(carbonylimino)))tetrakisbenzenesulfonic acid; D013498:Suramin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate