Thyroid surgery: postoperative hematoma--prevention and treatment.
OBJECTIVE
Postoperative haematoma formation is a fortunately rare but potentially life-threatening complication of thyroid surgery. This paper aims to identify potential aetiological factors, describe surgical techniques and newer haemostatic agents that may be used to minimise the risk of haematoma formation and propose surgical strategies to deal with haematoma formation.


METHODS
An extensive literature search as well as own considerable experience in a tertiary referral centre endocrine surgical unit was drawn upon to review this topic.


CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative haematoma may have a multifactorial aetiology. Numerous manoeuvres and surgical haemostatic agents may be employed to minimise the risk of haematoma formation but are no substitute for meticulous haemostasis. In the event of haematoma formation, early surgical re-intervention is strongly advocated with due care given to at risk structures.
Harding
Jane
J
Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Hôpital de la Timone, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 5, France.
Sebag
Frederic
F
Sierra
Mauricio
M
Palazzo
F Fausto
FF
Henry
Jean-François
JF
D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D013965:Thyroidectomy