Cytokines in head and neck cancer.
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. Standard treatment has only marginally improved the 5-year survival rate of patients with HNSCC in the last 40 years. Alterations in immune, inflammatory as well as angiogenetic responses within the HNSCC microenvironment play a critical role in tumor aggressiveness and its response to chemo- and radiation therapies as well as its influence on the immune system. Therefore, the better understanding of secretion and regulation pathways of immune suppressive and proangiogenic cytokines in HNSCC is essential to increase the clinical perspective of this tumor type with respect to an immunomodulatory intervention in patients with HNSCC.
Pries
Ralph
R
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Klinik für HNO, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
Wollenberg
Barbara
B
D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines