Acute PKCdelta inhibition limits ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the aged rat heart: role of GSK-3beta.
OBJECTIVE
Age is a leading risk factor for the development of ischaemic heart disease and failure. However, the efficacy of cardioprotective strategies designed to rescue the aged myocardium remains controversial. We have previously demonstrated increased levels of basal cardiac protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) with ageing, a well-known mediator of apoptotic cell death following ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) in adult hearts. Our objective was to determine the contribution of PKCdelta signaling mechanisms to reperfusion injury in the aged heart using local delivery of a novel PKCdelta inhibitory peptide (KID1-1).


METHODS
Contractile responses were assessed in hearts isolated from adult (4 months, n=38) and aged (24 months, n=45) male Fisher 344 rats treated with either KID1-1 (500 nM) or Tat vehicle peptide (500 nM) upon reperfusion for 10 min following 31-min global ischaemia.


RESULTS
Recovery of left ventricular (LV) developed pressure was significantly improved by KID1-1 and associated with smaller infarct size in 24 months vs. age-matched controls (p<0.005). We also observed significant reductions in DNA laddering and cytochrome c and caspase 3 levels in aged hearts treated with KID1-1. Interestingly, KID1-1 attenuated mitochondrial and nuclear PKCdelta levels during reperfusion in aged vs. age-matched controls (p<0.01). Further, increases in mitochondrial phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (pGSK-3beta) levels were hastened in aged and adult hearts following KID1-1 (p<0.05), increasing the pGSK-3beta/GSK-3beta ratio.


CONCLUSIONS
These results provide novel evidence for cardioprotection through acute PKCdelta inhibition in aged rat heart following I/R. Our results also suggest, for the first time, a key role for mitochondrial GSK-3beta as a cellular basis for the protection associated with PKCdelta inhibition with ageing.
Intercollege Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
John C
JC
Kostyak
J Craig
JC
Hunter
Donna H
DH
Korzick
D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010477:Perfusion; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344
C513414:KID1-1 peptide; D010455:Peptides; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3