Osteoimmunology: interplay between the immune system and bone metabolism.
Studies of bone and the immune system have converged in recent years under the banner of osteoimmunology. The immune system is spawned in the bone marrow reservoir, and investigators now recognize that important niches also exist there for memory lymphocytes. At the same time, various factors produced during immune responses are capable of profoundly affecting regulation of bone. Mechanisms have evolved to prevent excessive interference by the immune system with bone homeostasis, yet pathologic bone loss is a common sequela associated with autoimmunity and cancer. There are also developmental links, or parallels, between bone and the immune system. Cells that regulate bone turnover share a common precursor with inflammatory immune cells and may restrict themselves anatomically, in part by utilizing a signaling network analogous to lymphocyte costimulation. Efforts are currently under way to further characterize how these two organ systems overlap and to develop therapeutic strategies that benefit from this understanding.
Walsh
Matthew C
MC
1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, AFCRI, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. mcw@mail.med.upenn.edu
Kim
Nacksung
N
Kadono
Yuho
Y
Rho
Jaerang
J
Lee
Soo Young
SY
Lorenzo
Joseph
J
Choi
Yongwon
Y
D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001846:Bone Development; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018448:Models, Immunological; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors