Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Atherosclerosis and Folic Acid Supplementation Trial (ASFAST) in chronic renal failure: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.
OBJECTIVE
The Atherosclerosis and Folic Acid Supplementation Trial (ASFAST) aimed to establish whether high-dose folic acid would slow the progression of atherosclerosis and reduce cardiovascular events in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF).


BACKGROUND
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a potential contributor to the high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CRF.


METHODS
A total of 315 subjects with CRF, mean age 57 years (range 24 to 79 years) were randomized to 15 mg folic acid daily or placebo and followed for a median of 3.6 years. The primary intima-media thickness (IMT) and clinical end points were: rate of progression of mean maximum carotid IMT and a composite of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cardiovascular death. Secondary end points included all cardiovascular events and change in pulse wave velocity, systemic arterial compliance and augmentation index. Data were analyzed by intention-to-treat.


RESULTS
Plasma total homocysteine was reduced by 19% in the folic acid group. There was no significant difference between the treatment groups in rate of change of IMT or any measure of artery function. Seventy-seven events occurred in the folic acid group (14.9 per 100 patient-years) as compared with 86 in the placebo group (16.3 per 100 patient-years). The rates of the primary and secondary clinical end points at five years were not significantly different after adjustment for baseline differences between the groups (adjusted hazard ratio for MI, stroke, and cardiovascular death: 0.98 [95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 1.47]; p = 0.94; for all cardiovascular events: 0.95 [95% confidence interval: 0.69 to 1.30]; p = 0.75).


CONCLUSIONS
High-dose folic acid does not slow atheroma progression or improve cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in patients with CRF.
Zoungas
Sophia
S
Department of Vascular Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Vascular Health, Monash University, Dandenong Hospital, Dandenong, Victoria, Australia.
McGrath
Barry P
BP
Branley
Pauline
P
Kerr
Peter G
PG
Muske
Christine
C
Wolfe
Rory
R
Atkins
Robert C
RC
Nicholls
Kathy
K
Fraenkel
Margaret
M
Hutchison
Brian G
BG
Walker
Robert
R
McNeil
John J
JJ
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D005492:Folic Acid