Incarcerated umbilical hernia in children.
BACKGROUND
Umbilical hernia is common in children. Complications from umbilical hernias are thought to be rare and the natural history is spontaneous closure within 5 years.


METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of a series of 23 children who presented with incarcerated umbilical hernias at our institution over an 8-year period.


RESULTS
Fifty-two children with umbilical hernias were seen in the hospital over the period. Twenty-three (44.2%) had incarceration. Seventeen (32.7%) had acute incarceration while 6 (11.5%) had recurrent incarceration. There were 16 girls and 7 boys. The ages of the children with acute incarceration ranged from 3 weeks to 12 years (median 4 years), while the ages of those with recurrent incarceration ranged from 3-15 years (median 8.5 years). Incarceration occurred in hernias of more than 1.5 cm in diameter (in those whose defect size was measured). Twenty-one children (15 with acute and all six with recurrent incarceration) underwent repair of the umbilical hernia using standard methods. The parents of two children with acute incarceration declined surgery after spontaneous reduction of the hernia in one and taxis in the other. One boy had gangrenous bowel containing Meckel's diverticulum inside the sac, for which bowel resection with end-to-end anastomosis was done. Operation led to disappearance of pain in all 6 children with recurrent incarceration. Superficial wound infection occurred in one child. There was no mortality.


CONCLUSIONS
Incarcerated umbilical hernia is not as uncommon as thought. Active observation of children with umbilical hernia is necessary to prevent morbidity from incarceration.
Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria. lohfab@yahoo.com
L B
LB
Chirdan
A F
AF
Uba
A T
AT
Kidmas
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005734:Gangrene / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies