Extensor hallucis capsularis: frequency and identification on MRI.
BACKGROUND
The extensor hallucis capsularis (EHC) is the most common name given to the accessory tendon sporadically seen medial to the extensor hallucis longus (EHL). We performed cadaver dissections and MRI evaluation to determine the frequency of its occurrence, the pattern of its origin and insertion, and its potential suitability as tendon graft.


METHODS
The EHC was examined by dissection in 81 cadaver feet. Physical parameters pertaining to EHC size and location were recorded. MRI was performed on six cadaver legs to determine if the EHC can be identified radiographically. MRI images were evaluated independently by a foot and ankle specialist and a radiologist.


RESULTS
The EHC was present in 71 (88%) of the specimens. It originated from the EHL tendon or muscle in 93% and inserted into the first metatarsophalangeal joint capsule in 99% of cases. All EHC tendons were less than or equal to 4 mm in width; only 16% were more than 2 mm wide. Correct prediction of the presence or absence of EHC by MRI varied according to EHC width: two of two in tendons more than 2 mm, five of eight in tendons 1 to 2 mm, and zero of two in tendons 1 mm or less.


CONCLUSIONS
Up to 14% of the population may have an EHC tendon suitable for grafting in reconstructive surgeries, particularly surgeries related to hallux dysfunction. MRI may have a role in the preoperative identification of the EHC.
Boyd
Nathan
N
Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA. nhboyd@salud.unm.edu
Brock
Hugh
H
Meier
Albert
A
Miller
Richard
R
Mlady
Gary
G
Firoozbakhsh
Keikhosrow
K
D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D050277:Toe Phalanges / Q000033:anatomy & histology