Calorie restriction increases life span: a molecular mechanism.
Calorie restriction increases the life span of many organisms, from yeast to mammals. In yeast, the life span gene affected by calorie restriction is Sir2 (silent information regulator 2). In mammals, Sirt1, an ortholog of Sir2, controls the metabolism of white adipose tissue. Calorie restriction activates Sirt1, and the expressed Sirt1 protein inhibits the action of peroxysome proliferator-activator receptor gamma (PPARgamma), the nuclear receptor that promotes adipogenesis. The effect is lipolysis and loss of fat. Lowering of adiposity appears to be one mechanism whereby calorie restriction affects life span.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA. nutritionreviews@ilsi.org
George
G
Wolf
D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D056565:Sirtuin 2; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism
C447939:SIRT1 protein, human; C474199:SIRT2 protein, human; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D056565:Sirtuin 2; D037761:Sirtuins; D006655:Histone Deacetylases