Citrullination is an inflammation-dependent process.
OBJECTIVE
To study the presence of citrullinated proteins in inflammatory conditions and in clinically non-affected tissues of controls.


METHODS
Synovial biopsy specimens from 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 10 healthy controls were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, muscle tissue from 5 patients with polymyositis and from 7 healthy controls, intestinal tissue from macroscopically affected and non-affected areas from 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and tonsil tissues from 4 chronically inflamed tonsils were studied.


RESULTS
Citrullinated proteins were present in all synovial biopsy specimens from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, whereas only three of 10 healthy synovial biopsy specimens showed scarce amounts of citrullination. Citrullination was also present in all myositis-affected muscles, whereas it was absent in the muscle tissues of controls. All tonsil biopsy specimens studied were positive for citrulline. Even though more frequently detected in the macroscopically affected colonic areas, no marked difference was observed in the pattern or extent of citrullination between the macroscopically affected and non-affected intestinal IBD tissues.


CONCLUSIONS
Citrullination is present in a wide range of inflammatory tissues, suggesting that this process is inflammation dependent rather than disease dependent.
Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, CMM, L8-04, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
D
D
Makrygiannakis
E
E
af Klint
I E
IE
Lundberg
R
R
Löfberg
A-K
AK
Ulfgren
L
L
Klareskog
A I
AI
Catrina
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D002956:Citrulline / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
D002956:Citrulline