B cell immunobiology in disease: evolving concepts from the clinic.
The pathogenic roles of B cells in autoimmune diseases occur through several mechanistic pathways that include autoantibodies, immune complexes, dendritic and T cell activation, cytokine synthesis, chemokine-mediated functions, and ectopic neolymphogenesis. Each of these pathways participate to different degrees in autoimmune diseases. The use of B cell-targeted and B cell subset-targeted therapies in humans is illuminating the mechanisms at work in a variety of human autoimmune diseases. In this review, we highlight some of these recent findings that provide insights into both murine models of autoimmunity and human autoimmune diseases.
Martin
Flavius
F
Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. flavius@gene.com
Chan
Andrew C
AC
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D015703:Antigens, CD; D001323:Autoantibodies; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D011323:Primates; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D015703:Antigens, CD; D001323:Autoantibodies; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell