A nested-cell approach for in situ remediation.
We characterize the hydraulics of an extraction-injection well pair in arbitrarily oriented regional flow by the recirculation ratio, area, and average residence time in the recirculation zone. Erratic regional flow conditions may compromise the performance of the reactor between a single well pair. We propose an alternative four-well system: two downgradient extraction and two upgradient injection wells creating an inner cell nested within an outer cell. The outer cell protects the inner cell from the influence of regional flow. Compared to a two-well system, the proposed four-well system has several advantages: (1) the recirculation ratio within the nested inner cell is less sensitive to the regional flow direction; (2) a transitional recirculation zone between the inner and outer cells can capture flow leakage from the inner cell, minimizing the release of untreated contaminants; and (3) the size of the recirculation zone and residence times can be better controlled within the inner cell by changing the pumping rates. The system is applied at the Field Research Center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where experiments on microbial in situ reduction of uranium (VI) are under way.
Luo
Jian
J
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA. jianluo@stanford.edu
Wu
Weimin
W
Fienen
Michael N
MN
Jardine
Philip M
PM
Mehlhorn
Tonia L
TL
Watson
David B
DB
Cirpka
Olaf A
OA
Criddle
Craig S
CS
Kitanidis
Peter K
PK
D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014501:Uranium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014872:Water Movements; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply
D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D000431:Ethanol; D014501:Uranium