[Modulation of immune system by virus infection].
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) undoubtedly play an important role in protection against viral infections. Virus specific CTLs recognize virus-derived peptide in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and lyse virus-infected cells via perforin/granzyme and Fas/Fas ligand pathways. Virus infection, especially herpesviruses, induces the down-regulation of surface MHC molecules, resulting in viral escape from the immunosurveillance system. Viruses also modulate the chemokine/chemokine receptor system through various mechanisms, including virus-encoded chemokine ligand homologs which function as agonists or antagonists, virus-encoded cell-surface chemokine receptor homologs, virus-encoded secreted chemokine-binding proteins, and the down- and up- regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors. In this review, viral subversion of the immune system focusing on MHC expression and the chemokine system is discussed. Insight into strategies used by herpesviruses to modulate MHC expression and the chemokine system might generate novel approaches for protecting and treating viral infections.
First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295.
Masaki
M
Yasukawa
D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D054353:Perforin; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D019014:fas Receptor
D018925:Chemokines; C491901:FAS protein, human; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D019014:fas Receptor; D054353:Perforin