An ortho dimer of butylated hydroxyanisole inhibits nuclear factor kappa B activation and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae.
Butylated hydroxyanisole, BHA, is widely used as a potent antioxidant, but its adverse effects such as carcinogenesis and proinflammatory activity have been reported, which are possibly due to the prooxidant property of this compound. We recently demonstrated that the dimer of 2-methoxyphenols exhibits cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition, because of lessening of its prooxidant property caused by the dimerization. In the present study, toward our goal of developing a chemopreventive agent for chronic periodontal diseases, we examined whether 2-BHA (2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol) and its synthetic ortho dimer, bis-BHA (3,3'-di-tert-butyl-5,5'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diol) could inhibit the Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbria-stimulated inflammatory reaction. The fimbria-induced expression of interleukin-1beta and neutrophil chemoattractant KC genes in RAW264.7 murine macrophages was strongly inhibited by bis-BHA. In contrast, 2-BHA showed only slight inhibition. bis-BHA also significantly inhibited the fimbria-stimulated phosphorylation-dependent degradation of the alpha inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB and the transcriptional activity of this factor in the cells. These findings suggest that bis-BHA possesses anti-inflammatory activity against chronic periodontal diseases.
Murakami
Yukio
Y
Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado City, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.
Shoji
Masao
M
Hirata
Atsushi
A
Tanaka
Shoji
S
Hanazawa
Shigemasa
S
Yokoe
Ichiro
I
Fujisawa
Seiichiro
S
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D019281:Dimerization; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010861:Fimbriae, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D007536:Isomerism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000276:immunology*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole