Rehabilitation is compromised by arousal and sleep disorders: results of a survey of rehabilitation centres.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of disorders of arousal and sleep disturbance on everyday living and participation in rehabilitation.


METHODS
Survey of rehabilitation centres based on naturalistic observation.


METHODS
One hundred and thirty-five adults with acquired brain injury were reported by rehabilitation staff in seven centres across the UK for presence of arousal and/or sleep disturbance, the impact on rehabilitation and daily living and treatment strategies in use.


RESULTS
Disturbance of arousal or sleep patterns was reported in 47% of the sample, with significant adverse effect on activity evident in two-thirds of such cases. Prevalence of disordered arousal was consistent over time for up to 10 years post-injury. Concurrent psychiatric illness, but not epilepsy, was associated with arousal and sleep disorder. Non-pharmacological interventions and benzodiazepine/hypnotic drugs were in use in 34% and 20% of cases respectively. In all cases of prescribed hypnotic drugs, period of use exceeded recommended UK guidelines.


CONCLUSIONS
Long-term outcome from severe brain injury can be compromised by enduring disturbance of arousal, most commonly evidenced as sleep disorder. Treatment should be based on judicious use of medication (beyond hypnotic drugs) and greater emphasis on non-pharmacological management.
Worthington
Andrew D
AD
Brain Injury Rehabilitation Trust, Birmingham, UK. aworthington@birt.co.uk
Melia
Yvonne
Y
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D020921:Sleep Arousal Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom