Influence of intraoperative and postoperative radiotherapy on functional outcome in patients undergoing standard and deep anterior resection for rectal cancer.
OBJECTIVE
This study was designed to investigate the influence of intraoperative and postoperative radiotherapy on functional outcome after rectal resection for rectal cancer.


METHODS
One hundred patients who underwent deep or standard anterior resection for rectal cancer were included in this follow-up study. All patients filled out questionnaires regarding morbidity and functional outcome; a subgroup (n = 63) underwent further clinical evaluation. The results were stratified according to radiation: Group I, no radiation (n = 37); Group II, only intraoperative radiation (n = 12); Group III, intraoperative and postoperative radiation (n = 51).


RESULTS
Anal continence measured by Kirwan-Parks classification and Wexner score was significantly different within the three groups (P < 0.005, P < 0.0001), whereas continence impairment was least in Group I and greatest in Group III. Patients in Group III demonstrated a significantly worsecategory in the Kirwan-Parks classification and worse Wexner scores compared with patients in Group I (P < 0.0001). Patients only having undergone intraoperative radiotherapy had a significantly worse continence (Kirwan-Parks classification) than patients without any radiotherapy (P < 0.05). More patients after intraoperative and postoperative radiation therapy complained of fragmented stools (P < 0.05) and urgency (P < 0.05) compared with patients only having undergone surgery; the need to wear pads was higher (P = 0.001). Vector volume manometry revealed better resting sphincter function in Group I compared with Group III (P < or = 0.005).


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with anterior resection for rectal cancer who undergo full-dose radiotherapy have significantly more impairment of anorectal function than patients without radiotherapy. Patients who were only exposed to intraoperative radiotherapy showed moderate impairment of continence function, suggesting that the influence of radiotherapy on anal function may be dose-dependent and application-dependent.
Kienle
Peter
P
Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, INF 110D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany. Peter_Kienle@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Abend
Florian
F
Dueck
Margret
M
Abel
Ulrich
U
Treiber
Martina
M
Riedl
Stefan
S
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology; D019992:Databases as Topic; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005414:Flatulence / Q000503:physiopathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome