Critical analysis of reduction mammaplasty techniques in combination with conservative breast surgery for early breast cancer treatment.
BACKGROUND
Although reduction mammaplasty is a well-described technique for aesthetic purposes, there are few previous reports regarding its application and clinical outcome following conservative breast surgery reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the technique and its outcome following conservative breast surgery.


METHODS
Oncologic data and information on age, body mass index, smoking history, and comorbid conditions were collected. Reconstructed and opposite breast complications were evaluated. Reduction mammaplasty was indicated to reconstruct moderate breast defects in patients with enough remaining breast tissue. Mean follow-up was 22 months.


RESULTS
Seventy-four patients underwent immediate reduction mammaplasty following breast-conserving surgery. In 55.4 percent of patients, tumors measured 2 cm or less (T1) and in 47.2 percent they were located in the upper outer quadrants. Breast complications occurred in 13 patients (17.6 percent), with skin necrosis in six (8.1 percent), infection in two (2.7 percent), partial areola necrosis in two (2.7 percent), dehiscence in two, and total areola necrosis in one (1.35 percent). Late complications represented by skin lesions and fat necrosis were observed in five patients (6.8 percent). Obese patients and smokers had a significantly higher rate of reconstructed breast complications compared with the normal/overweight patients (p = 0.002) and nonsmokers (p = 0.043). No significant association between complications and age, hypertension, diabetes, axillary lymph node dissection, or chemotherapy was found.


CONCLUSIONS
Reduction mammaplasty is a consistent technique for reconstruction following breast-conserving surgery. Complications are more often observed in the reconstructed breast, and obese patients and smokers are higher risk patients.
Munhoz
Alexandre Mendonça
AM
Division of Plastic Surgery, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. munhozalex@uol.com.br
Montag
Eduardo
E
Arruda
Eduardo Gustavo
EG
Aldrighi
Claudia
C
Gemperli
Rolf
R
Aldrighi
José Mendes
JM
Ferreira
Marcus Castro
MC
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015897:Comorbidity; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology