Novel changes in discoidal high density lipoprotein morphology: a molecular dynamics study.
ApoA-I is a uniquely flexible lipid-scavenging protein capable of incorporating phospholipids into stable particles. Here we report molecular dynamics simulations on a series of progressively smaller discoidal high density lipoprotein particles produced by incremental removal of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine via four different pathways. The starting model contained 160 palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholines and a belt of two antiparallel amphipathic helical lipid-associating domains of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. The results are particularly compelling. After a few nanoseconds of molecular dynamics simulation, independent of the starting particle and method of size reduction, all simulated double belts of the four lipidated apoA-I particles have helical domains that impressively approximate the x-ray crystal structure of lipid-free apoA-I, particularly between residues 88 and 186. These results provide atomic resolution models for two of the particles produced by in vitro reconstitution of nascent high density lipoprotein particles. These particles, measuring 95 angstroms and 78 angstroms by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, correspond in composition and in size/shape (by negative stain electron microscopy) to the simulated particles with molar ratios of 100:2 and 50:2, respectively. The lipids of the 100:2 particle family form minimal surfaces at their monolayer-monolayer interface, whereas the 50:2 particle family displays a lipid pocket capable of binding a dynamic range of phospholipid molecules.
Department of Medicine, and Center for Computational and Structural Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
Andrea
A
Catte
James C
JC
Patterson
Martin K
MK
Jones
W Gray
WG
Jerome
Denys
D
Bashtovyy
Zhengchang
Z
Su
Feifei
F
Gu
Jianguo
J
Chen
Marcela P
MP
Aliste
Stephen C
SC
Harvey
Ling
L
Li
Gilbert
G
Weinstein
Jere P
JP
Segrest
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003461:Crystallography / Q000379:methods*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009038:Motion; D011487:Protein Conformation
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL