Electric stimulation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of nonunions.
Up to 10% of the fractures occurring annually in the U.S. end up in non-union or delayed union. Classical treatment with osteosynthesis and bone grafting is not always successful. Alternatives in treatment have long ago been considered. This article presents current concepts in treatment with electrical stimulation and hyperbaric oxygen, the mechanisms of action, experimental and clinical evidence of their application.
Karamitros
A E
AE
1st Department of Orthopaedics, Athens University, Attikon Hospital, Haidari, Athens, Greece.
Kalentzos
V N
VN
Soucacos
P N
PN
D000818:Animals; D000075202:Contraindications; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D014481:United States