Influence of pupil diameter on the relation between ocular higher-order aberration and contrast sensitivity after laser in situ keratomileusis.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of pupil diameter on the relation between induced changes in ocular higher-order wavefront aberrations and changes in contrast sensitivity by conventional laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia.


METHODS
In 215 eyes of 117 patients (age, 33.2 +/- 8.3 years) undergoing LASIK for myopia of -1.25 to -13.5 D (-5.28 +/- 2.55 D), ocular wavefront aberrations and contrast sensitivity function were determined before and 1 month after surgery. Preoperative photopic pupil diameter was measured with a digital camera. Ocular higher-order aberrations were measured for a 4-mm pupil with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront analyzer. The root-mean-square (RMS) of the third- and fourth-order Zernike coefficients was used to represent coma- and spherical-like aberration, respectively. From the contrast-sensitivity data, the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated.


RESULTS
One hundred five eyes had a photopic pupil diameter of 4 mm or larger, and the remaining 110 had a photopic pupil diameter smaller than 4 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in the background clinical data between these two groups. In the eyes with a photopic pupil diameter of 4 mm or larger, the changes in third-order comalike aberrations did not correlate with the changes in AULCSF (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = -0.037, P = 0.723) and 10% low-contrast visual acuity (r = 0.125, P = 0.224), but fourth-order spherical-like aberrations correlated significantly with the changes in AULCSF (r = -0.229, P = 0.024) and 10% low-contrast visual acuity (r = 0.221, P = 0.038). In the eyes with photopic pupil size smaller than 4 mm, there were significant correlations between the changes in comalike aberrations and the changes in AULCSF (r = -0.487, P < 0.001) and 10% low-contrast visual acuity (r = 0.310, P = 0.003), but spherical-like aberrations showed no correlation with the changes in AULCSF (r = -0.078, P = 0.485) and 10% low-contrast visual acuity (r = 0.208, P = 0.158).


CONCLUSIONS
In eyes with larger photopic pupil diameter, increases in spherical-like aberration dominantly affect contrast sensitivity, whereas in eyes with smaller pupil size, changes in coma-like aberration exert greater influence on visual performance.
Oshika
Tetsuro
T
Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. toshika@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
Tokunaga
Tadatoshi
T
Samejima
Tomokazu
T
Miyata
Kazunori
K
Kawana
Keisuke
K
Kaji
Yuichi
Y
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology*; D003315:Cornea / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007498:Iris / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D020731:Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*