Maternal restriction of children's eating and encouragements to eat as the 'non-shared environment': a pilot study using the child feeding questionnaire.
OBJECTIVE
This pilot study tested whether maternal feeding attitudes and styles towards children are part of the 'shared' or 'non-shared' home environment. A secondary aim was to test whether within-family differences in maternal feeding attitudes and styles relate to within-family differences in child weight status.


METHODS
Mothers of 3- to 7-year-old sibling pairs (N=15 pairs) completed the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ), which assessed feeding attitudes (perceived responsibility, perceived child overweight and child weight concern) and feeding styles (monitoring, restriction and pressure to eat) towards children. Mothers rated each sibling separately. Child weight and height were measured and converted to body mass index (BMI) z-scores. Intraclass correlations tested the familial associations for each CFQ subscale. Pearson's correlations tested whether within-family differences in CFQ subscales were related to within-family differences in child BMI z-scores.


RESULTS
Perceived responsibility (rho=0.77, P=0.0004), perceived child overweight (rho=0.99, P<0.0001) and monitoring (rho=0.57, P=0.01) showed significant familial correlations. Mothers reported significantly greater weight concern (r=0.85, P=0.02) and reduced pressure to eat (r=-0.80, P=0.03) towards heavier than thinner children within families.


CONCLUSIONS
Whether or not maternal feeding practices are shared or non-shared components of the home environment depends on the specific feeding domain being measured. Restrictive feeding practices and encouragements to eat by mothers might be tested as non-shared environmental variables in genetics studies of childhood obesity.
New York Obesity Research Center, St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
K L
KL
Keller
A
A
Pietrobelli
S L
SL
Johnson
M S
MS
Faith
D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D012941:Social Responsibility; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires