Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, proteolytic, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from lake sediment of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica.
A novel obligately anaerobic, proteolytic bacterium, designated AP15T, was isolated from lake sediments of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. The bacterium produced maximum cell mass between 5 and 10 degrees C in an anaerobic basal medium containing 0.5 % tryptone and peptone. The strain grew optimally at a pH around 8.0 and tolerated NaCl up to a concentration of 7.5 %. It contained diphosphatidylglycerol as the major phospholipid and C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(17 : 0) as the major cellular fatty acids. Several amino acids, including arginine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and serine, supported growth. Glutamate was degraded to acetate, propionate, CO2 and H2. In addition, the strain degraded carbohydrates including glucose, raffinose, adonitol, ribose and rhamnose. The main fermentation products during growth on glucose were H2, CO2, formate, acetate, propionate and isovalerate. The DNA G+C content of the bacterium was 24 mol%. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strain AP15(T) is identified as a close relative of Clostridium subterminale ATCC 25774T, with which it shares 99.5 % similarity at the 16S rRNA gene sequence level; however, it exhibits a low DNA-DNA binding value (55 %) to this strain at the whole-genome level. In addition to showing other major differences with respect to C. subterminale and other members of the genus Clostridium, AP15T also exhibits phenotypic differences. On the basis of these differences, strain AP15T is identified as representing a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium schirmacherense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AP15T (=DSM 17394T = JCM 13289T).
Alam
Syed Imteyaz
SI
Biotechnology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India.
Dixit
Aparna
A
Biotechnology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India.
Reddy
G S N
GSN
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Dube
S
S
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
Palit
Meehir
M
Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India.
Shivaji
S
S
Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
Singh
Lokendra
L
Biotechnology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior - 474002, India.
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic; D003013:Clostridium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D014871:Water Microbiology
D000596:Amino Acids; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D010455:Peptides; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S