Effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and omega-3 fatty acid on serum interleukin-1beta, osteocalcin, and C-reactive protein levels in rats.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, and omega-3 fatty acid on serum levels of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), osteocalcin (OC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in experimental periodontitis.


METHODS
Experimental periodontitis in rats was induced by repeated injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli endotoxin. Forty-seven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five study groups as follows: saline control, LPS, LPS + celecoxib, LPS + omega-3 fatty acid, and LPS + celecoxib + omega-3 fatty acid. Celecoxib and omega-3 fatty acid were given alone or in combination during 14 days of the experimental study period. At the end of the 2-week protocol, serum samples were obtained, and the rats were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for IL-1beta, OC, and CRP concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Defleshed jaws were analyzed morphometrically for alveolar bone loss. Data were evaluated statistically by non-parametric tests.


RESULTS
According to the morphometric measurements, the LPS and drug treatment groups showed significantly higher bone loss than the saline control group (P <0.05). Omega-3 fatty acid, both alone and in combination with celecoxib, revealed significantly higher IL-1beta levels than LPS and celecoxib groups (P <0.05). Individual and combined administration of celecoxib and omega-3 fatty acid significantly increased OC levels compared to the LPS group (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in serum CRP levels.


CONCLUSIONS
Celecoxib and/or omega-3 fatty acid administration does not significantly influence circulating levels of CRP. The significantly increased serum OC level observed after individual and combination administration suggests that celecoxib and omega-3 fatty acid may influence bone remodeling and thereby inhibit the progression of alveolar bone resorption. However, the failure to observe any significant inhibition of bone loss in celecoxib- and/or omega-3 fatty acid-treated rats compared to the LPS group suggests that their therapeutic effect may be reduced by other factors, such as increases in serum IL-1beta promoting osteoclast activity.
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
Saynur
S
Vardar-Sengül
Nurcan
N
Buduneli
Eralp
E
Buduneli
Haluk
H
Baylas
Gül
G
Atilla
David
D
Lappin
Denis F
DF
Kinane
D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004731:Endotoxins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004731:Endotoxins; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D015675:Osteocalcin; C044101:endotoxin, Escherichia coli; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000068579:Celecoxib