[Effect of dihydroartemisinin on ultrastructure of Giardia lamblia in vitro].
OBJECTIVE
To study the in vitro effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on Giardia lamblia.


METHODS
Trophozoites of G. lamblia were cultivated with modified TYI-S-33 medium that contains dihydroartemisinin (DHA). The trophozoites were morphologically observed respectively with light and electron microscopes after treated with the drug.


RESULTS
The mortality increased with the prolongation of the time of the drug action and the increase of drug concentration (P<0.01). While at the same concentration of 100 microg/ml, the mortality increased from 46.6% for 12 h to 100% for 24 h (P<0.05). For 12 h, the mortality of G. lamblia was from 46.6% at concentration of 100 microg/ml to 100% at 200microg/ml. Under optical microscope, deformation and swelling of the parasites were observed when treated with DHA for 12, 24 and 48 h. Movement of the flagella became slow or stopped. Under electron microscope, the trophozoites were swollen and deformed, vacuoles were seen in the cytoplasm, and the cell membrane ruptured and fell off. The cytoplasm protrusions appeared on the surface of the plasma membrane. The adhesive disc changed into large bubbles and the perinuclear space became wider and the deformed nucleus was seen.


CONCLUSIONS
DHA shows a strong impairment on the plasma membrane and cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia.
Tian
Xi-feng
XF
Institute of Microbiology & Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Lu
Si-qi
SQ
Liu
Ye-min
YM
Wang
Feng-yun
FY
Huang
Song
S
D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016829:Giardia lamblia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C039060:artenimol