The presentation and organization of adaptive cytoprotection in the rat stomach, duodenum, and colon. Dedicated to André Robert the founder of the concept of cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection.
BACKGROUND
Adaptive cytoprotection could be demonstrated in lesion attenuation within the whole gastrointestinal tract, in particular sequences, with onset and duration longer than the initial short-lasting period (i.e. one hour) defined by Robert in the stomach only.


METHODS
Adaptive cytoprotection possibly appeared and lesions were attenuated when the stomach, duodenum or colon, in various combinations and sequences, were challenged with initial (mild) and/or final (strong) irritants over a two-week period. Rats were challenged with the mild or strong irritants 25% or 96% ethanol intragastrically 1 ml/rat (stomach) and cysteamine 40 mg or 400 mg/kg subcutaneously (duodenum), or intrarectally (colon). To postulate the prostaglandin relationship known in Robert's cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection, indomethacin (1 mg/kg subcutaneously) was given simultaneously with the second challenge.


RESULTS
Administering the mild and strong irritant protocols within the same part of the gastrointestinal tract, adaptive cytoprotection presents in the stomach (1 h to 14 days), duodenum (2 h to 14 days), but not in the colon. With these protocols applied to different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, adaptive cytoprotection cross-reaction was evident in the stomach-duodenum, duodenum-stomach (1 h-14 days and 2 h-14 days), stomach-colon, and duodenum-colon (both 2-24 hours), but not in the colon-stomach or colon-duodenum. This protection was fully antagonized with indomethacin.


CONCLUSIONS
As observed for a day and even weeks, stomach-duodenum-colon adaptive cytoprotection is an important new defensive phenomenon.
Mise
Stjepan
S
Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Tonkic
Ante
A
Pesutic
Valdi
V
Tonkic
Marija
M
Mise
Sandro
S
Capkun
Vesna
V
Batelja
Lovorka
L
Blagaic
Alenka Boban
AB
Kokic
Neven
N
Zoricic
Ivan
I
Saifert
Davor
D
Anic
Tomislav
T
Seiwerth
Sven
S
Sikiric
Predrag
P
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003543:Cysteamine / Q000633:toxicity; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007509:Irritants / Q000633:toxicity*; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
D007509:Irritants; D000431:Ethanol; D003543:Cysteamine