The effects of implant surface roughness and surgical technique on implant fixation in an in vitro model.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between implant surface parameters, surgical approach and initial implant fixation.


METHODS
Sixty tapered, conical, screw-shaped implants with machined or etched surface topography were implanted into the explanted femoral condyle of goats. The implant sites were prepared either by a conventional technique, by undersized preparation, or by the osteotome technique. Peak insertion & removal torque, bone-to-implant contacts (BIC) and morphological bone appearance were assessed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computer tomography. (micro-CT).


RESULTS
Insertion and removal torque values were significantly higher for etched implants inserted with the undersized technique (115.2 +/- 31.1, 102.9 +/- 36.4 N cm) respectively. Also, the average BIC value was higher for the etched implants placed with the undersized technique (87.5 +/- 5.6), which was statistically significant compared with machined and etched implants inserted by conventional technique.


CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, this study shows that the surgical technique has a decisive effect on implant fixation (represented in this study by installation torque value/removal torque value and histomorphometric evaluation) in trabecular bone. Nevertheless, additional in vivo studies have to be done to prove the importance of surgical protocol for the final implant-bone response.
Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Manal M
MM
Shalabi
Johannes G C
JG
Wolke
John A
JA
Jansen
D000818:Animals; D045662:Dental Etching; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D005270:Femur Head / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006041:Goats; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023421:Models, Animal; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D019415:Torque
D015921:Dental Implants