Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene as a biomarker of PAH exposure in 3-year-old Ukrainian children.
Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) is a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure. We measured urinary 1-OHP in 48 children 3 years of age in Mariupol, Ukraine, who lived near a steel mill and coking facility and compared these with 1-OHP concentrations measured in 42 children of the same age living in the capital city of Kiev, Ukraine. Children living in Mariupol had significantly higher urinary 1-OHP and creatinine-adjusted urinary 1-OHP than did children living in Kiev (adjusted: 0.69 vs. 0.34 micromol/mol creatinine, p < 0.001; unadjusted: 0.42 vs. 0.30 ng/mL, p = 0.002). Combined, children in both cities exposed to environmental tobacco smoke in their homes had higher 1-OHP than did children not exposed (0.61 vs. 0.42 micromol/mol creatinine; p = 0.04; p = 0.07 after adjusting for city). In addition, no significant differences were seen with sex of the children. Our sample of children in Mariupol has the highest reported mean urinary 1-OHP concentrations in children studied to date, most likely due to their proximity to a large industrial point source of PAHs.
Great Lakes Center for Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health, 2121 W. Taylor (M/C 922), Chicago, IL 60612, USA. apmucha@uic.edu
Amy Pelka
AP
Mucha
Daniel
D
Hryhorczuk
Andrij
A
Serdyuk
Joseph
J
Nakonechny
Alexander
A
Zvinchuk
Serap
S
Erdal
Motria
M
Caudill
Peter
P
Scheff
Elena
E
Lukyanova
Zoreslava
Z
Shkiryak-Nyzhnyk
Natalia
N
Chislovska
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis*
D015415:Biomarkers; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D011721:Pyrenes; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene