Biofuel cells and their development.
This review considers the literature published since 1994 on microbial and enzymatic biofuel cells. Types of biofuel cell are classified according to the nature of the electrode reaction and the nature of the biochemical reactions. The performance of fuel cells is critically reviewed and a variety of possible applications is considered. The current direction of development of biofuel cells is carefully analysed. While considerable chemical development of enzyme electrodes has occurred, relatively little progress has been made towards the engineering development biofuel cells. The limit of performance of biofuel cells is highlighted and suggestions for future research directions are provided.
Engineering Chemistry Group, School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
R A
RA
Bullen
T C
TC
Arnot
J B
JB
Lakeman
F C
FC
Walsh
D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources / Q000639:trends; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized
D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized