Tracheal occlusion in fetal rats alters expression of mesenchymal nuclear transcription factors without affecting surfactant protein expression.
OBJECTIVE
Mesenchymal nuclear transcription factors (MNTF) are involved in lung development and maturation and regulate surfactant protein (SP) expression. Prolonged (>2 weeks) fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) has been shown to accelerate lung growth and inhibit pulmonary surfactant synthesis. The effects of TO on SP expression and MNTF, however, have not been formally assessed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of short-term (3 days) TO on normal lung growth and protein expression of pulmonary MNTF involved in SP synthesis.


METHODS
At E19 (term, 22 days), 2 fetuses per time-dated Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either TO (n = 23) or a sham (n = 22) operation. Lungs were harvested 72 hours post surgery. Pulmonary SP-A; SP-B; SP-C messenger RNA (mRNA) expression; and SP-A and SP-B, Hoxb5, thyroid transcription factor 1, and retinoic X receptor-alpha protein expression were analyzed.


RESULTS
Lung weight was significantly increased by TO (TO 0.32 +/- 0.02g vs SHAM 0.14 +/- 0.01 g; P < .001), resulting in 123% increase of the lung-to-body-weight ratio. No difference of SP-A-mRNA (177 +/- 4.3 TO vs 169 +/- 4.4 SHAM; P = .25), SP-B-mRNA (87.7 +/- 0.2 TO vs 87.4 +/- 0.02 SHAM; P = .33), and SP-C-mRNA (186.5 +/- 3.2 TO vs 183.2 +/- 2.7 SHAM; P = .45) expression was found. Surfactant protein A (175.6 +/- 25.3 TO vs 192.5 +/- 19.8 SHAM; P = .59) and SP-B (163.4 +/- 5.2 TO vs 166.8 +/- 9.3 SHAM; P = .75) protein expression were similar in both groups; however, Hoxb5 (70.3 +/- 18.9 TO vs 130.6 +/- 5.1 SHAM; P = .02) and thyroid transcription factor 1 (102.6 +/- 19 TO vs 181.1 +/- 6.3 SHAM; P = .007) expression were significantly decreased. Retinoic X receptor-alpha expression tended to be increased by TO (171.9 +/- 6.0 TO vs 155.4 +/- 6.7 SHAM; P = .06).


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term TO late in gestation induces rapid lung growth. Surfactant protein-mRNA and protein expression are not significantly altered. Thyroid transcription factor 1 and Hoxb5 are down-regulated by TO, suggesting that duration and timing of occlusion are important in balancing the effects of TO on lung growth vs lung maturation.
Danzer
Enrico
E
The Children's Institute for Surgical Science, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA.
Robinson
Lauren E
LE
Davey
Marcus G
MG
Schwarz
Uwe
U
Volpe
MaryAnn
M
Adzick
N Scott
NS
Flake
Alan W
AW
Hedrick
Holly L
HL
D000818:Animals; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D014132:Trachea; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C053925:Hoxb5 protein, mouse; C000614414:Nkx2-1 protein, mouse; C000614416:Nkx2-1 protein, rat; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D037661:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha; D000074482:Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors