Early markers of inflammation in a high angiotensin II state--results of studies in Bartter's/Gitelman's syndromes.
BACKGROUND
Inflammation has been increasingly recognized as playing a critical role in hypertension and atherosclerosis as reflected by overexpression and increased production of a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators. As angiotensin II (Ang II) also plays a major role in these diseases, the relationship between inflammation and Ang II has drawn increasing scrutiny. This study explores Ang II effects in Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes (BS/GS) which do not develop hypertension and related cardiovascular remodelling and atherosclerosis, in spite of high Ang II levels and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system while the NO system is up-regulated.


METHODS
We evaluated the plasma levels of inflammation-associated markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM), and the inflammation-related cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) using immunonephelometric and ELISA-based assays.


RESULTS
The study demonstrated that all markers of inflammation except TNF-alpha, were unchanged in BS/GS (2.51+/-0.62 mg/l in BS/GS vs 1.7+/-0.6 in controls for CRP; 4.56+/-1.09 mg/l in BS/GS vs 4.51+/-1.0 for SAA; 1.84+/-0.27 ng/l in BS/GS vs 2.1+/-0.3 for IL-6; 449+/-83 ng/ml in BS/GS vs 410+/-92 for VCAM and 234+/-26 ng/ml in BS/GS vs 185+/-22 for ICAM), while TNF-alpha was increased (10.5+/-2.03 vs 3.68+/-0.2, P = 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study stress the critical role played by Ang II in controlling vascular biology including inflammation-related processes as well as highlighting the utility of BS/GS in investigating these pathways.
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA.
Paul A
PA
Davis
Michele
M
Mussap
Elisa
E
Pagnin
Lara
L
Bertipaglia
Vincenzo
V
Savica
Andrea
A
Semplicini
Lorenzo A
LA
Calò
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology*; D001477:Bartter Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000804:Angiotensin II