Cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3-glucoside inhibit tumor cell growth and induce apoptosis in vitro and suppress tumor growth in vivo.
Dietary polyphenols, including anthocyanins, are suggested to be involved in the protective effects of fruits and vegetables against cancer. However, anticancer effects of peonidin 3-glucoside have not been clearly demonstrated, with only limited studies being available concerning the inhibitory effect of cyanidin 3-glucoside for tumor cell growth. Therefore, in this study, we have isolated and identified the two bioactive compounds, peonidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside, from Oryza sativa L. indica, to treat various cancer cells. The results showed that, among analyzed cell lines, HS578T was the most sensitive to peonidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside. Treatment with peonidin 3-glucoside or cyanidin 3-glucoside resulted in a strong inhibitory effect on cell growth via G2/M arrest. Regarding cell cyclerelated proteins, peonidin 3-glucoside treatment resulted in down-regulation of protein levels of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-1, CDK-2, cyclin B1, and cyclin E, whereas cyanidin 3-glucoside could decrease the protein levels of CDK-1, CDK-2, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1. In addition, cyanidin 3-glucoside or peonidin 3-glucoside also induced caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation, and cell death. Furthermore, anthocyanins from O. sativa L. indica were evidenced by their inhibition on the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in vivo.
Chen
Pei-Ni
PN
Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Chu
Shu-Chen
SC
Chiou
Hui-Ling
HL
Chiang
Chui-Liang
CL
Yang
Shun-Fa
SF
Hsieh
Yih-Shou
YS
D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
D000872:Anthocyanins; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005960:Glucosides; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; C480521:peonidin 3-glucoside