Maternal antibody inhibits both cellular and humoral immunity in response to measles vaccination at birth.
Maternal antibody prevents the use of live, attenuated measles vaccine (LAV) before 6-9 months of age, but vaccinated 6-month-old infants can mount a T cell response. An infant macaque model was used to study the immune response to LAV in the newborn in the presence or absence of maternal antibody. Four newborn monkeys without detectable maternal antibody and 9 newborns with passive measles antibody were vaccinated with LAV. Only the infants without passive antibody seroconverted after vaccination and 3 of 4 of these infants also developed measles-specific interferon gamma+ T cells. The monkeys were challenged with wild-type measles virus at 5 months of age, and 7 of 9 infants vaccinated in the presence of passive antibody had systemic infection and skin rash, while 3 of the 4 infants vaccinated in the absence of passive antibody were protected from viremia and rash. This suggests that the newborn can respond to LAV but that maternal antibody suppresses the priming of both humoral and cellular immunity at birth.
Premenko-Lanier
Mary
M
California National Primate Research Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Country Road 98, Davis, CA 95616-8542, USA.
Hodge
Gregory
G
Rota
Paul
P
Tamin
Azaibi
A
Bellini
William
W
McChesney
Michael
M
D000917:Antibody Formation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000276:immunology*; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014611:Vaccination
D008458:Measles Vaccine