Postprandial suppression of glucagon secretion depends on intact pulsatile insulin secretion: further evidence for the intraislet insulin hypothesis.
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by an approximately 60% loss of beta-cell mass, a marked defect in postprandial insulin secretion, and a failure to suppress postprandial glucagon concentrations. It is possible that postprandial hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes is due to impaired postprandial insulin secretion. To address this, we studied eight adult Goettingen minipigs before and after an approximately 60% reduction in beta-cell mass induced by alloxan. Pigs were studied fasting and after ingestion of a mixed meal. Insulin and glucagon secretion were determined by deconvolution of blood hormone concentrations measured at 1-min intervals. The relationship between insulin and glucagon release was analyzed using cross-correlation and forward versus reverse cross-approximate entropy. We report that glucagon and insulin were secreted in approximately 4-min pulses. Prealloxan, postprandial insulin secretion drove an approximately 20% suppression of glucagon concentrations (P < 0.01), through inhibition of glucagon pulse mass. The alloxan-induced approximately 60% deficit in beta-cell mass lead to an approximately 70% deficit in postprandial insulin secretion and loss of the postprandial insulin-driven suppression of glucagon secretion. We conclude that postprandial hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes is likely due to loss of intraislet postprandial suppression of glucagon secretion by insulin.
Meier
Juris J
JJ
Larry Hillblom Islet Research Center, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, 24-130 Warren Hall, 900 Veteran Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7073, USA.
Kjems
Lise L
LL
Veldhuis
Johannes D
JD
Lefèbvre
Pierre
P
Butler
Peter C
PC
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon