Neurotrophic factor production in human astrocytoma cells by 2,5,6-tribromogramine via activation of epsilon isoform of protein kinase C.
It is known that astrocytes secrete several neurotrophic factors to promote the survival of neurons. For the treatment of neuronal disorders, low molecular weight compounds inducing neurotrophic factor synthesis are useful, because neurotrophic factors are polypeptides which cannot cross the blood brain barrier. When rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells were cultivated in the medium of human astrocytoma cells (1321N1) treated with 2,5,6-tribromogramine, they differentiated to neuron-like cells possessing neurites, indicating that 2,5,6-tribromogramine released neurotrophic factors from 1321N1 cells. In fact, 2,5,6-tribromogramine increased nerve growth factor (NGF) protein synthesis and secretion through mRNA expression. 2,5,6-Tribromogramine inhibited carbachol-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis as well as phorbol 12,13-myristate acetate did. The inhibition was recovered by bisindolylmaleimide I (GF109203X), a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, indicating that 2,5,6-tribromogramine may activate PKC. The morphological differentiation of PC-12 cells by the medium treated with 2,5,6-tribromogramine was also reduced by GF109203X. 2,5,6-Tribromogramine translocated PKC-epsilon but not PKC-alpha or PKC-zeta, to membrane fraction from cytosol fraction. These results indicate that 2,5,6-tribromogramine promotes the synthesis and secretion of neurotrophic factors including NGF in 1321N1 cells via an activation of PKC-epsilon.
Saito
Masaki
M
Department of Cellular Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
Hori
Megumi
M
Obara
Yutaro
Y
Ohizumi
Yasushi
Y
Ohkubo
Satoko
S
Nakahata
Norimichi
N
D000818:Animals; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats
C522641:2,5,6-tribromogramine; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; C497255:PRKCE protein, human; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I