Phosphorylation-dependent conformational switch in spin-labeled phospholamban bound to SERCA.
We have used chemical synthesis, functional reconstitution, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to probe the functional dynamics of phospholamban (PLB), which regulates the Ca-ATPase (SERCA) in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. The transmembrane domain of PLB inhibits SERCA at low [Ca(2+)], but the cytoplasmic domain relieves this inhibition upon Ser16 phosphorylation. Monomeric PLB was synthesized with Ala11 replaced by the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) spin label, which reports peptide backbone dynamics directly. PLB was reconstituted into membranes in the presence or absence of SERCA. TOAC-PLB showed normal inhibitory function, which was reversed by phosphorylation at Ser16 or by micromolar [Ca(2+)]. EPR showed that the PLB cytoplasmic domain exhibits two resolved conformations, a tense T state that is ordered and a relaxed R state that is dynamically disordered and extended. PLB phosphorylation shifts this equilibrium toward the R state and makes it more dynamic (hyperextended). Phosphorylation strongly perturbs the dynamics of SERCA-bound PLB without dissociating the complex, while micromolar [Ca(2+)] has no effect on PLB dynamics. A lipid anchor synthetically attached to the N terminus of PLB permits Ca-dependent SERCA inhibition but prevents the phosphorylation-induced disordering and reversal of inhibition. We conclude that the relief of SERCA inhibition by PLB phosphorylation is due to an order-to-disorder transition in the cytoplasmic domain of PLB, which allows this domain to extend above the membrane surface and induce a structural change in the cytoplasmic domain of SERCA. This mechanism is distinct from the one that relieves PLB-dependent SERCA inhibition upon the addition of micromolar [Ca(2+)].
Karim
Christine B
CB
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. cbk@ddt.biochem.umn.edu
Zhang
Zhiwen
Z
Howard
Edmund C
EC
Torgersen
Kurt D
KD
Thomas
David D
DD
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry; D008823:Micelles; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D013113:Spin Labels; D013816:Thermodynamics; D000099211:Phospholamban
D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008823:Micelles; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D013113:Spin Labels; D000099211:Phospholamban; C037109:2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid