Targeted disruption of CD38 accelerates autoimmune diabetes in NOD/Lt mice by enhancing autoimmunity in an ADP-ribosyltransferase 2-dependent fashion.
Ubiquitously expressed CD38 and T cell-expressed ADP-ribosyltransferase 2 (ART2) are ectoenzymes competing for NAD substrate. CD38 exerts pleiotropic actions in hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic compartments via effects on calcium mobilization. ART2 is an ADP-ribosyltransferase on naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. ART2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of the P2X7 purinoreceptor elicits apoptosis. Transfer of a genetically disrupted CD38 allele into the autoimmune diabetes-prone NOD/Lt background accelerated diabetes onset in both sexes, whereas transfer of a disrupted ART2 complex had no effect. However, the fact that the accelerated pathogenesis mediated by CD38 deficiency required ART2 activity was demonstrated by combining both ART2 and CD38 deficiencies. Reciprocal bone marrow reconstitution studies demonstrated accelerated diabetes only when CD38-deficient bone marrow was transferred into CD38-deficient recipients. Neither decreases in beta cell function nor viability were indicated. Rather, the balance between T-effectors and T-regulatory cells was disturbed in CD38-deficient but ART2-intact NOD mice. In these mice, significant reductions in total viable CD8+ T cells were observed. This was accompanied by an age-dependent increase in a diabetogenic CD8 clonotype. This in turn correlated with impaired T-regulatory development (10-fold reduction in Foxp3 mRNA expression). These changes were corrected when CD38 deficiency was combined with ART2 deficiency. Both ART2-deficient and CD38/ART2 combined deficient T cells were resistant to NAD-induced killing in vitro, whereas CD38-deficient but ART2-intact T cells showed increased sensitivity, particularly the CD4+ CD25+ subset. Unexpectedly, diabetes development in the combined CD38/ART2 stock was strongly suppressed, possibly through epistatic interactions between genes linked to the targeted CD38 on Chromosome 5 and the ART2 complex on Chromosome 7.
The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
Jing
J
Chen
Yi-Guang
YG
Chen
Peter C
PC
Reifsnyder
William H
WH
Schott
Chul-Ho
CH
Lee
Melissa
M
Osborne
Felix
F
Scheuplein
Friedrich
F
Haag
Friedrich
F
Koch-Nolte
David V
DV
Serreze
Edward H
EH
Leiter
D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015551:Autoimmunity; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
D007328:Insulin; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009243:NAD; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; C449322:Art2a protein, mouse; C449339:Art2b protein, mouse; C498155:Cd38 protein, mouse; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1