The Women's Health Initiative. What is on trial: nutrition and chronic disease? Or misinterpreted science, media havoc and the sound of silence from peers?
The first results of the Women's Health Initiative dietary intervention trial were published in the USA in February. This is a colossal intervention designed to see if diets lower in fat and higher in fruits, vegetables and grains than is usual in high-income countries reduce the incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, heart disease and other chronic diseases, in women aged 50-79 years. As interpreted by US government media releases, the results were unimpressive. As interpreted by a global media blitz, the results indicate that food and nutrition has little or nothing to do with health and disease. But the trial was in key respects not reaching its aims, was methodologically controversial, and in any case has not produced the reported null results. What should the public health nutrition profession do about such messes?
Yngve
Agneta
A
Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Novum, SE 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.
Hambraeus
Leif
L
Lissner
Lauren
L
Serra Majem
Lluis
L
Vaz de Almeida
Maria Daniel
MD
Berg
Christina
C
Hughes
Roger
R
Cannon
Geoffrey
G
Thorsdottir
Inga
I
Kearney
John
J
Gustafsson
Jan-Ake
JA
Rafter
Joseph
J
Elmadfa
Ibrahim
I
Kennedy
Nick
N
D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008402:Mass Media; D008875:Middle Aged; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D017698:Postmenopause; D011634:Public Health; D016387:Women's Health