Two phases of astral microtubule activity during cytokinesis in C. elegans embryos.
Microtubules of the mitotic spindle are believed to provide positional cues for the assembly of the actin-based contractile ring and the formation of the subsequent cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. In Caenorhabditis elegans, astral microtubules have been thought to inhibit cortical contraction outside the cleavage furrow. Here, we demonstrate by live imaging and RNA interference (RNAi) that astral microtubules play two distinct roles in initiating cleavage furrow formation. In early anaphase, microtubules are required for contractile ring assembly; in late anaphase, microtubules show different cortical behavior and seem to suppress cortical contraction at the poles, as suggested in previous studies. These two distinct phases of microtubule behavior depend on distinct regulatory pathways, one involving the gamma-tubulin complex and the other requiring aurora-A kinase. We propose that temporal and spatial regulation of two distinct phases of astral microtubule behavior is crucial in specifying the position and timing of furrowing.
Motegi
Fumio
F
Laboratory for Developmental Genomics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
Velarde
Nathalie V
NV
Piano
Fabio
F
Sugimoto
Asako
A
D000705:Anaphase / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000502:physiology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000166:cytology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000502:physiology; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000502:physiology
D015415:Biomarkers; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D064096:Aurora Kinase A; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C576939:air-1 protein, C elegans