Cord blood transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia using a conditioning regimen consisting of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-combined high-dose cytarabine, fludarabine, and total body irradiation.
The cytotoxic effect of cytarabine (Ara-C) on myeloid leukemic cells is enhanced by concomitant use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in vitro. The feasibility of a conditioning regimen consisting of G-CSF-combined 24 g/m2 Ara-C, 90 mg/m2 fludarabine, and 12 Gy total body irradiation was studied for five patients with acute myelogenous leukemia in cord blood transplantation (CBT). Graft vs. host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate. After the conditioning regimen, 2.48 x 10(7)/kg (2.28-3.53) of cord blood nucleated cells was infused. Neutrophil counts consistently >0.5 x 10(9)/L was achieved 24 d (22-32) after CBT. Grade I stomatitis and gastrointestinal toxicities occurred in all patients. Grades I and II acute GVHD occurred in one and four patients, respectively, which resolved without steroid therapy. Sepsis and aspergillosis occurred in two and one patients, respectively. All patients were alive without leukemia relapse at a follow up of 15 months (12-43) after CBT. This conditioning regimen could avoid the toxicities of high-dose cyclophosphamide but might enhance the cytotoxic effect of Ara-C. Large-scale studies will be needed to determine the efficacy and safety of the conditioning regimen in CBT.
Tomonari
Akira
A
Department of Hematology/Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. atomonar@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Takahashi
Satoshi
S
Ooi
Jun
J
Nakaoka
Takashi
T
Takasugi
Kashiya
K
Uchiyama
Michihiro
M
Tsukada
Nobuhiro
N
Konuma
Takaaki
T
Iseki
Tohru
T
Tojo
Arinobu
A
Asano
Shigetaka
S
D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000209:etiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis / Q000209:etiology; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
D003561:Cytarabine; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine