The economic costs of congenital bilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to estimate the economic costs of bilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) in the preceding year of life for children aged 7 to 9 years.


METHODS
A cost analysis was conducted by using a birth cohort of children born between 1992 and 1997 in 8 districts of Southern England, of which half had been born into populations exposed to universal newborn screening (UNS). Unit costs were applied to estimates of health, social, and broader resource use made by 120 hearing-impaired children and 63 children in a normally hearing comparison group. Associations between societal costs per child and severity of hearing impairment, language ability score, exposure to UNS, and age of confirmation were analyzed, including adjustment for potential confounders in a linear regression model.


RESULTS
The mean societal cost in the preceding year of life at 7 to 9 years of age was 14092.5 pound sterling for children with PCHI, compared with 4206.8 pound sterling for the normally hearing children, a cost difference of 9885.7 pound sterling. After adjusting for severity and other potential confounders in a linear regression model, mean societal costs among children with PCHI were reduced by 2553 pound sterling for each unit increase in the z score for receptive language. Using similar regression models, exposure to a program of UNS was associated with a smaller cost reduction of 2213.2 pound sterling, whereas costs were similar between children whose PCHI was confirmed at <9 or >9 months. CONCLUSIONS. The study provides rigorous evidence of the annual health, social, and broader societal cost of bilateral PCHI in the preceding year of life at 7 to 9 years of age and shows that it is related to its severity and has an inverse relationship with language abilities after adjustment for severity.
Schroeder
Liz
L
National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom. liz.schroeder@npeu.ox.ac.uk
Petrou
Stavros
S
Kennedy
Colin
C
McCann
Donna
D
Law
Catherine
C
Watkin
Peter M
PM
Worsfold
Sarah
S
Yuen
Ho Ming
HM
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000191:economics; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003638:Deafness / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000191:economics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom