Prognostic value of pacing-induced mechanical alternans in patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm.
OBJECTIVE
The relation between the occurrence of pacing-induced mechanical alternans and prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) in sinus rhythm was investigated prospectively. The myocardial expression of genes for Ca2+-handling proteins in such patients was also examined.


BACKGROUND
Mechanical alternans occurs in some patients with severe heart failure, but the relation between the occurrence of mechanical alternans and prognosis in patients with IDCM has remained unknown.


METHODS
Left ventricular (LV) pressure was measured during atrial pacing, and LV endomyocardial biopsy specimens were collected in 36 IDCM patients and 8 controls. Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patients were divided into two groups consisting of 22 individuals who did not develop mechanical alternans at heart rates up to 140 beats/min (group A) and of 14 individuals who did (group B). The patients were followed up for a mean of 3.7 years.


RESULTS
There was no significant difference in LV ejection fraction or the plasma concentration of brain natriuretic peptide between groups A and B. The myocardial abundance of ryanodine receptor 2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was significantly lower in groups A and B than in controls, whereas that of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase mRNA was significantly lower in group B than in group A or controls. Stepwise multivariate analysis identified pacing-induced mechanical alternans as the strongest predictor of cardiac events. Event-free survival in group A was significantly greater than that in group B.


CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of pacing-induced mechanical alternans is a potentially useful indicator of poor prognosis in patients with mild-to-moderate IDCM in sinus rhythm.
Hirashiki
Akihiro
A
Department of Cardiovascular Genome Science, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
Izawa
Hideo
H
Somura
Fuji
F
Obata
Koji
K
Kato
Tomoko
T
Nishizawa
Takao
T
Yamada
Akira
A
Asano
Hiroyuki
H
Ohshima
Satoru
S
Noda
Akiko
A
Iino
Shigeo
S
Nagata
Kohzo
K
Okumura
Kenji
K
Murohara
Toyoaki
T
Yokota
Mitsuhiro
M
D000328:Adult; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004699:Endocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000235:genetics; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D016019:Survival Analysis
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases