In-vivo measurements of the dielectric properties of breast carcinoma xenografted on nude mice.
A developing method of cancer detection is to use electromagnetic waves to compare the dielectric properties of normal and cancerous tissue. Because most of the previous studies consisted of dielectric measurements taken ex-vivo, this study investigated the advantages of in-vivo measurements, obtained using the newly developed insertion-type planar probe, through the measurements of cancer (MDA MB 231), which was cultivated and implanted into the mammary fat pad of nude mice. Reflection coefficients were obtained in the broadband frequency range from 0.5 to 30 GHz, from which broadband complex permittivity data was extracted. Complex permittivity, in addition to other parameters such as conductivity and characteristic frequency, were used to make comparisons between cancerous tissue, normal muscle tissue and fat tissue, as well as comparisons between in-vivo and ex-vivo measurements. This study investigated the suitability of in-vivo cancer detection using microwaves with the newly developed insertion-type planar probe. Results showed that both sensitivity and specificity of the current method was 97%. In addition, predictive values were 99% for the positive and 94% for the negative, thus greatly enhancing the practicality of this method. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that in-vivo measurements are highly beneficial in studying the potential of microwaves as a diagnostic tool of breast cancer, especially in combination with the newly developed insertion-type planar probe.
Cho
Jeiwon
J
Center for 3-D Millimeter-Wave Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of New Media and Communications, Seoul National University, Seoul, and Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
Yoon
Jeonghoon
J
Cho
Sungjoon
S
Kwon
Kihyun
K
Lim
Sungkyu
S
Kim
Daeduk
D
Lee
Eun Sook
ES
Kim
Chul Hwan
CH
Choi
Jin Wook
JW
Cheon
Changyul
C
Kwon
Youngwoo
Y
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous