Relationship of serum advanced glycation end products with deterioration of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes patients.
BACKGROUND
A close relationship between diabetes and chronic periodontitis has been demonstrated. We previously found that Porphyromonas gingivalis with the type II fimA gene is an infectious factor closely associated with the deterioration seen in diabetic periodontitis patients. In the present study, we examined whether other biomarkers are related to the development and deterioration of periodontitis often seen in type 2 diabetic individuals.


METHODS
A total of 97 type 2 diabetes patients with and without periodontitis were recruited, and their periodontal and diabetic conditions were analyzed. The ratio (%) of teeth with an attachment loss >5 mm among all teeth in each subject was used as an index of periodontal deterioration. Peripheral blood was tested for levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha and interleukin [IL]-1beta). Subgingival plaque samples were also examined for the occurrences of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia.


RESULTS
Serum AGEs were significantly associated with deterioration of periodontitis, whereas no other serum biochemical marker or bacterial occurrence showed a clear relationship with that condition.


CONCLUSIONS
AGEs may be factors associated with diabetic periodontitis and may be useful as biomarkers that reflect such deterioration.
Department of Oral Frontier Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita-Osaka, Japan.
Munehiro
M
Takeda
Miki
M
Ojima
Hideo
H
Yoshioka
Hiroaki
H
Inaba
Mikihiko
M
Kogo
Satoshi
S
Shizukuishi
Makoto
M
Nomura
Atsuo
A
Amano
D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000503:physiopathology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007375:Interleukin-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha