Chronic insomnia in kidney transplant recipients.
BACKGROUND
Recent studies confirmed that sleep disorders have a significant impact on various aspects of health in patients at different stages of chronic kidney disease. At the same time, there is an almost complete lack of information on the prevalence and correlates of insomnia in kidney transplant recipients.


METHODS
In a cross-sectional study, the Athens Insomnia Scale was used to assess the prevalence of insomnia in a large sample of kidney transplant recipients compared with wait-listed dialysis patients and also a matched group obtained from a nationally representative sample of the Hungarian population.


RESULTS
The prevalence of insomnia was 15% in wait-listed patients, whereas it was only 8% in transplant recipients (P < 0.001), which, in turn, was not different from the prevalence of this sleep problem in the sample of the general population (8%). Prevalences of insomnia in the transplant group were 5%, 7%, and 14% for the groups with glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) greater than 60 mL/min (> 1.00 mL/s), 30 to 60 mL/min (0.50 to 1.00 mL/s), and less than 30 mL/min (< 0.5 mL/s), respectively (P < 0.01). However, estimated GFR was no longer associated significantly with insomnia in the transplant population after statistical adjustment for several covariates. In a multivariate model, insomnia was significantly and independently associated with treatment modality (transplantation versus wait listing), as well as the presence of depression, restless legs syndrome, and high risk for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and with self-reported comorbidity.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of insomnia was substantially less in the transplant group than in wait-listed dialysis patients and similar to that observed in the general population. Because this condition potentially is treatable, attention should be directed to the appropriate diagnosis and management of insomnia in the kidney transplant recipient population.
Novak
Marta
M
Institute of Behavioral Sciences, First Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Molnar
Miklos Zs
MZ
Ambrus
Csaba
C
Kovacs
Agnes Zs
AZ
Koczy
Agnes
A
Remport
Adam
A
Szeifert
Lilla
L
Szentkiralyi
Andras
A
Shapiro
Colin M
CM
Kopp
Maria S
MS
Mucsi
Istvan
I
D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires