Electrospinning of chitin nanofibers: degradation behavior and cellular response to normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
An electrospinning method was used to fabricate chitin nanofibrous matrices for biodegradability and cell behavior tests. The morphology of as-spun chitin nanofibers (Chi-N) and commercial chitin microfibers (Beschitin W; Chi-M) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. From the image analysis, the average diameters of Chi-N and Chi-M were 163 nm and 8.77 microm, respectively. During in vitro degradation for 15 days, the degradation rate of Chi-N was faster than that of Chi-M, likely due to higher surface area of Chi-N. Chi-N that was grafted into rat subcutaneous tissue had almost degraded within 28 days, and no inflammation could be seen on the nanofiber surfaces or in the surrounding tissues (except in the early stage wound). To assay and compare the cytocompatibility and cell behavior with Chi-N and Chi-M, cell attachment and spreading of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts seeded on chitin matrices and the interaction between cells and chitin fibers were studied. Relatively high cell attachment and spreading of all the cells tested were observed on Chi-N in comparison to Chi-M, and Chi-N treated with type I collagen significantly promoted the cellular response. Our results indicate that the Chi-N, alone or with extracellular matrix proteins (particularly type I collagen), could be potential candidates for the cell attachment and spreading of normal human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This property of Chi-N might be particularly useful for wound healing and regeneration of oral mucosa and skin.
Noh
Hyung Kil
HK
Department of Oral Biochemistry and Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive Science, Dental Research Institute, BK21 HLS, and IBEC, Seoul National University College of Dentistry, Seoul 110-749, South Korea.
Lee
Sung Won
SW
Kim
Jin-Man
JM
Oh
Ju-Eun
JE
Kim
Kyung-Hwa
KH
Chung
Chong-Pyoung
CP
Choi
Soon-Chul
SC
Park
Won Ho
WH
Min
Byung-Moo
BM
D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002686:Chitin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012399:Rotation; D013784:Textiles; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
D002686:Chitin