Association of alcohol dehydrogenase genes with alcohol dependence: a comprehensive analysis.
Linkage evidence indicated that gene(s) located on chromosome 4q, in the region of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes, affected risk for alcoholism. We genotyped 110 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the seven ADH genes and analyzed their association with alcoholism in a set of families with multiple alcoholic members, using the pedigree disequilibrium test. There was strong evidence that variations in ADH4 are associated with alcoholism: 12 SNPs were significantly associated. The region of strongest association ran from intron 1 to 19.5 kb beyond the 3' end of the gene. Haplotype tag SNPs were selected for the block in the ADH4 gene that provided evidence of association and subsequently used in association analysis; the haplotype was significantly associated with alcoholism (P=0.01) There was weaker evidence that variations in ADH1A and ADH1B might also play a role in modifying risk. Among African-Americans, there was evidence that the ADH1B*3 allele was protective.
Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA. edenberg@iupui.edu
Howard J
HJ
Edenberg
Xiaoling
X
Xuei
Hui-Ju
HJ
Chen
Huijun
H
Tian
Leah Flury
LF
Wetherill
Danielle M
DM
Dick
Laura
L
Almasy
Laura
L
Bierut
Kathleen K
KK
Bucholz
Alison
A
Goate
Victor
V
Hesselbrock
Samuel
S
Kuperman
John
J
Nurnberger
Bernice
B
Porjesz
John
J
Rice
Marc
M
Schuckit
Jay
J
Tischfield
Henri
H
Begleiter
Tatiana
T
Foroud
D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase