Cytoplasmic gamma-actin contributes to a compensatory remodeling response in dystrophin-deficient muscle.
Dystrophin mechanically links the costameric cytoskeleton and sarcolemma, yet dystrophin-deficient muscle exhibits abnormalities in cell signaling, gene expression, and contractile function that are not clearly understood. We generated new antibodies specific for cytoplasmic gamma-actin and confirmed that gamma-actin most predominantly localized to the sarcolemma and in a faint reticular lattice within normal muscle cells. However, we observed that gamma-actin levels were increased 10-fold at the sarcolemma and within the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells from dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Transgenic overexpression of the dystrophin homologue utrophin, or functional dystrophin constructs in mdx muscle, restored gamma-actin to normal levels, whereas gamma-actin remained elevated in mdx muscle expressing nonfunctional dystrophin constructs. We conclude that increased cytoplasmic gamma-actin in dystrophin-deficient muscle may be a compensatory response to fortify the weakened costameric lattice through recruitment of parallel mechanical linkages. However, the presence of excessive myoplasmic gamma-actin may also contribute to altered cell signaling or gene expression in dystrophin-deficient muscle.
Hanft
Laurin M
LM
Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Rybakova
Inna N
IN
Patel
Jitandrakumar R
JR
Rafael-Fortney
Jill A
JA
Ervasti
James M
JM
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D016189:Dystrophin / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data
D000199:Actins; D016189:Dystrophin