Screening for biliary atresia by infant stool color card in Taiwan.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to detect biliary atresia (BA) in early infancy to prevent additional liver damage because of the delay of referral and surgical treatment and to investigate the incidence rate of BA in Taiwan.


METHODS
A pilot study to screen the stool color in infants for the early diagnosis of BA was undertaken from March 2002 to December 2003. We had designed an "infant stool color card" with 7 numbers of different color pictures and attached it to the child health booklet. Parents were then asked to observe their infant's stool color by using this card. The medical staff would check the number that the parents chose according to their infant's stool color at 1 month of age during the health checkup and then send the card back to the stool color card registry center.


RESULTS
The average return rate was approximately 65.2% (78,184 infants). A total of 29 infants were diagnosed as having BA, and 26 were screened out by stool color card before 60 days of age. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value were 89.7%, 99.9%, and 28.6%, respectively. Seventeen (58.6%) infants with BA received a Kasai operation within 60-day age period. The estimated incidence of BA in screened newborns was 3.7 of 10,000.


CONCLUSIONS
The stool color card was a simple, efficient, and applicable mass screening method for early diagnosis and management of BA. The program can also help in estimating the incidence and creating a registry of these patients.
Chen
Shan-Ming
SM
Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chang
Mei-Hwei
MH
Du
Jung-Chieh
JC
Lin
Chieh-Chung
CC
Chen
An-Chyi
AC
Lee
Hung-Chang
HC
Lau
Beng-Huat
BH
Yang
Yao-Jong
YJ
Wu
Tzee-Chung
TC
Chu
Chia-Hsiang
CH
Lai
Ming-Wei
MW
Chen
Huey-Ling
HL
D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D003116:Color; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology