Loss of polycystin-1 in human cyst-lining epithelia leads to ciliary dysfunction.
A "two-hit" hypothesis predicts a second somatic hit, in addition to the germline mutation, as a prerequisite to cystogenesis and has been proposed to explain the focal nature for renal cyst formation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). It was reported previously that Pkd1(null/null) mouse kidney epithelial cells are unresponsive to flow stimulation. This report shows that Pkd1(+/null) cells are capable of responding to mechanical flow stimulation by changing their intracellular calcium concentration in a manner similar to that of wild-type cells. This paper reports that human renal epithelia require a higher level of shear stress to evoke a cytosolic calcium increase than do mouse renal epithelia. Both immortalized and primary cultured renal epithelial cells that originate from normal and nondilated ADPKD human kidney tubules display normal ciliary expression of the polycystins and respond to fluid-flow shear stress with the typical change in cytosolic calcium. In contrast, immortalized and primary cultured cyst-lining epithelial cells from ADPKD patients with mutations in PKD1 or with abnormal ciliary expression of polycystin-1 or -2 were not responsive to fluid shear stress. These data support a two-hit hypothesis as a mechanism of cystogenesis. This report proposes that calcium response to fluid-flow shear stress can be used as a readout of polycystin function and that loss of mechanosensation in the renal tubular epithelia is a feature of PKD cysts.
Nauli
Surya M
SM
Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Suite 520, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Rossetti
Sandro
S
Kolb
Robert J
RJ
Alenghat
Francis J
FJ
Consugar
Mark B
MB
Harris
Peter C
PC
Ingber
Donald E
DE
Loghman-Adham
Mahmoud
M
Zhou
Jing
J
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002923:Cilia / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004848:Epithelium / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050396:TRPP Cation Channels / Q000378:metabolism*
D002118:Calcium; D004247:DNA; D050396:TRPP Cation Channels