Backbone-Backbone H-Bonds Make Context-Dependent Contributions to Protein Folding Kinetics and Thermodynamics: Lessons from Amide-to-Ester Mutations.
The contribution of backbone-backbone hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) to protein folding energetics has been controversial. This is due, at least in part, to the inability to perturb backbone-backbone H-bonds by traditional methods of protein mutagenesis. Recently, however, protein backbone mutagenesis has become possible with the development of chemical and biological methods to replace individual amides in the protein backbone with esters. Here, we review the use of amide-to-ester mutation as a tool to evaluate the contribution of backbone-backbone H-bonds to protein folding kinetics and thermodynamics.
Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.
Evan T
ET
Powers
Songpon
S
Deechongkit
Jeffery W
JW
Kelly
D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009154:Mutation; D017510:Protein Folding; D013816:Thermodynamics
D000577:Amides