Measuring safety climate in health care.
OBJECTIVE
To review quantitative studies of safety climate in health care to examine the psychometric properties of the questionnaires designed to measure this construct.


METHODS
A systematic literature review was undertaken to study sample and questionnaire design characteristics (source, no of items, scale type), construct validity (content validity, factor structure and internal reliability, concurrent validity), within group agreement, and level of analysis.


RESULTS
Twelve studies were examined. There was a lack of explicit theoretical underpinning for most questionnaires and some instruments did not report standard psychometric criteria. Where this information was available, several questionnaires appeared to have limitations.


CONCLUSIONS
More consideration should be given to psychometric factors in the design of healthcare safety climate instruments, especially as these are beginning to be used in large scale surveys across healthcare organisations.
Industrial Psychology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. r.flin@abdn.ac.uk
R
R
Flin
C
C
Burns
K
K
Mearns
S
S
Yule
E M
EM
Robertson
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016272:Occupational Health; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D017751:Safety Management; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires