Mammalian DNA methyltransferases.
DNA methylation is an epigenetic process affecting gene expression and chromatin organization. It can heritably silence or activate transcription of genes without any change in their nucleotide sequences, and for a long time was not recognized as an important regulatory mechanism. However, during the recent years it has been shown that improper methylation, especially hypermethylation of promoter regions, is observed in nearly all steps of tumorigenesis. Aberrant methylation is also the cause of several major pathologies including developmental disorders involving chromosome instabilities and mental retardation. A great progress has been made in our understanding of the enzymatic machinery involved in establishing and maintaining methylation patterns. This allowed for the development of new diagnostic tools and epigenetic treatment therapies. The new approaches hold a great potential; several inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases have already shown very promising therapeutic effects.
Bioinformatics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
Pawel
P
Siedlecki
Piotr
P
Zielenkiewicz
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases