Dual electrode thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of posttraumatic and multiple sclerosis tremor.
OBJECTIVE
To report the results of ventralis intermedius nucleus/ventralis oralis posterior nucleus (VIM) plus ventralis oralis anterior (VOA)/ventralis oralis posterior (VOP) thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of posttraumatic and multiple sclerosis tremor.


OBJECTIVE
The treatment of posttraumatic tremor and multiple sclerosis tremor, by either medication or surgery, has proven difficult. Lesions and DBS have had mixed and somewhat disappointing results. Previously, we reported the use of two DBS electrodes (one at the VIM/VOP border and one at the VOA/VOP border) as effective for the treatment of posttraumatic tremor in a single patient. In this study, we report the results of this technique on four patients.


METHODS
Four patients with either posttraumatic tremor (n = 3) or multiple sclerosis tremor (n = 1) underwent placement of two DBS electrodes (one at the VIM/VOP border and one at the VOA/VOP border). Patients underwent preoperative testing and testing at a minimum of 6 months after implantation in four conditions: On VIM DBS/On VOA/VOP DBS; On VIM DBS/Off VOA VOP DBS (5 h DBS washout); Off VIM DBS/Off VOA/VOP DBS (12 h overnight washout); and Off VIM DBS/On VOA/VOP DBS (5 h DBS washout).


RESULTS
Each of the patients showed improvements in all four conditions when compared with the baseline. All of the improvements were maintained with chronic DBS, without tremor rebound. An analysis was performed to determine whether each condition was associated with symptom reduction (percentage change). The percentage reduction was significant for each condition and measure, despite the small number of participants. For the total tremor rating scale score, the Off VIM/Off VOA/VOP condition yielded less symptom reduction than the On VIM condition or the On VOA/VOP condition. The On VIM and On VOA/VOP conditions did not differ significantly from each other in terms of contralateral upper extremity symptoms or total clinical score. Activation of both the VIM and VOA/VOP electrodes was associated with the greatest symptom reduction.


CONCLUSIONS
Tremors, such as those examined in this study, that are refractory to medications and have a poor response to VIM DBS monotherapy, may respond favorably to VIM plus VOA/VOP DBS. Two electrodes may be better than one for the treatment of certain disorders; however, more study will be required to confirm this hypothesis.
Foote
Kelly D
KD
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
Seignourel
Paul
P
Fernandez
Hubert H
HH
Romrell
Janet
J
Whidden
Elaine
E
Jacobson
Charles
C
Rodriguez
Ramon L
RL
Okun
Michael S
MS
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications; D020656:Posterior Thalamic Nuclei / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D020651:Ventral Thalamic Nuclei / Q000601:surgery*