[Control and eradication strategies for classic fowl plague in Germany and the European Union].
The huge potential economic impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) substantiates specific and rigorous legal regulations worldwide. According to the O.I.E. Terrestrial Animal Health Code fowl plague is a notifiable disease. International trading activities concerning poultry and poultry products originating from countries with active HPAI are rigorously restricted. In EU member states directive 92/40/EEC subsumes measures against fowl plague and has been transferred into German legislation by the "Geflügelpest-Verordnung". These acts specify that vaccination against HPAI is principally prohibited. The aim of all sanctions is the extinction of disease and the eradication of the causative agent. However, HPAI viruses, exclusively belonging to subtypes H5 and H7, can re-emerge de novo from progenitor viruses of low pathogenicity which are perpetuated in the wild bird population. An outbreak of HPAI requires prompt action by a stamping out strategy. Fast and accurate diagnosis, a strict stand-still and the culling of affected flocks are at the basis of success. In areas with a high density of poultry holdings preemptive culling and creation of buffer zones, devoid of susceptible poultry, may be neccessary. In these cases emergency vaccinations can be considered as a supportive measure in order to limit mass culling. Vaccinations on merely prophylactic grounds, not being connected to acute outbreaks, should be avoided beware of selective pressures on the virus leading to antigenic drift and escape of vaccine-induced immunity. Instead, high standard biosecurity measures, particularly limiting direct and indirect contacts with wild birds, should be maintained.
Werner
Ortrud
O
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Insel Riems. ortrud.werner@fli.bund.de
Harder
Timm C
TC
D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005062:European Union; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D014611:Vaccination / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary