CCNs, fibulin-1C and S100A4 expression in leiomyoma and myometrium: inverse association with TGF-beta and regulation by TGF-beta in leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells.
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; CCN2) is considered to serve as downstream midiator of TGF-beta action in tissue fibrosis. We tested this hypothesis in paired leiomyoma and myometrium by evaluating the expression of TGF-beta1/TGF-beta3 and CCN2, the other members of the CCN family, CCN3 and CCN4, as well as fibulin-1C and S100A4, calcium-binding proteins that interact with CCNs. The regulatory function of TGF-beta1 on the expression of these genes was further evaluated using leiomyoma (L) and myometrial (M) smooth muscle cells (SMC). Real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that leiomyomas and myometrium express CCNs, fibulin-1C and S100A4, whose levels of expression with the exception of fibulin-1C were lower in leiomyomas and inversely correlated with the expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 (P<0.05). The expression of these genes was menstrual cycle-independent and GnRHa therapy increased the expression of CCN2 in leiomyomas, while inhibiting CCN3, CCN4 and S100A4 in myometrium (P<0.05). TGF-beta (2.5 ng/ml) in a time- and cell-dependent manner, and through MAPK and Smad pathways, differentially regulated the expression of these genes in LSMC and MSMC. We concluded that CCNs, fibulin-1C and S100A4 are expressed in leiomyomas/myometrium with relative expression levels inversely correlating with TGF-betas and influenced by GnRHa and TGF-beta regulatory actions. The results suggest that unlike other fibrotic disorders, CCN2 (CTGF), at least at tissue level, may not serve as a downstream mediator of TGF-beta action in leiomyomas.
Luo
Xiaoping
X
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA.
Ding
Li
L
Chegini
Nasser
N
D015153:Blotting, Western; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009215:Myometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055514:Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
C526317:CCN2 protein, human; C526319:CCN3 protein, human; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D055514:Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; C060820:fibulin; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; C077591:S100A4 protein, human; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone