Non-invasive antenatal RHD typing.
The existence of cell free fetal DNA, derived from apoptotic syncytiotrophoblast, in the maternal circulation has opened new possibilities of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Although still some technical problems exists, especially the lack of a generic positive control on the presence of fetal DNA and the aspecific amplification of background maternal DNA, non-invasive prenatal RHD typing has been successfully introduced in several laboratories, especially in Europe. The diagnostic accuracy reaches>99%. In the Netherlands PCR guided administration of antenatal anti-D prophylaxis is cost-effective and nearby. In this review the main characteristics and applications of cell free fetal DNA are discussed, with an emphasis on prenatal RHD genotyping.
Department of experimental immunohematology, Sanquin Research, 125, Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands. e.vanderschoot@sanquin.nl
C E
CE
Van der Schoot
A Ait
AA
Soussan
J
J
Koelewijn
G
G
Bonsel
L G C
LG
Paget-Christiaens
M
M
de Haas
D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000517:prevention & control; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D011544:Pseudogenes; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C026410:Rho(D) antigen; D004247:DNA