Non-invasive antenatal RHD typing.
The existence of cell free fetal DNA, derived from apoptotic syncytiotrophoblast, in the maternal circulation has opened new possibilities of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Although still some technical problems exists, especially the lack of a generic positive control on the presence of fetal DNA and the aspecific amplification of background maternal DNA, non-invasive prenatal RHD typing has been successfully introduced in several laboratories, especially in Europe. The diagnostic accuracy reaches>99%. In the Netherlands PCR guided administration of antenatal anti-D prophylaxis is cost-effective and nearby. In this review the main characteristics and applications of cell free fetal DNA are discussed, with an emphasis on prenatal RHD genotyping.
Van der Schoot
C E
CE
Department of experimental immunohematology, Sanquin Research, 125, Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands. e.vanderschoot@sanquin.nl
Soussan
A Ait
AA
Koelewijn
J
J
Bonsel
G
G
Paget-Christiaens
L G C
LG
de Haas
M
M
D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood*; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000517:prevention & control; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D011544:Pseudogenes; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C026410:Rho(D) antigen; D004247:DNA