Multiple components of the defense response depend on orexin: evidence from orexin knockout mice and orexin neuron-ablated mice.
Stressor induces not only cognitive, emotional and behavioral changes but also autonomic changes. Although research on the neural circuits underlying such autonomic changes has implicated the hypothalamus in the defense response against stressors, neurotransmitters in this multifaceted and coordinated response have not been revealed. In this brief review, here we summarize our recent discovery using orexin knockout mice and orexin neuron-ablated mice of possible contribution of orexin in the defense response and discuss future directions.
Zhang
Wei
W
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. zhangweijp@graduate.chiba-u.jp
Shimoyama
Megumi
M
Fukuda
Yasuichiro
Y
Kuwaki
Tomoyuki
T
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D000068797:Orexins; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000235:genetics
D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins