Effects of beer and hop on ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.
Beer induced the response of the ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors) expressed in Xenopus oocytes, indicating the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-like activity. Furthermore, the pentane extract of the beer, hop (Humulus lupulus L.) oil, and myrcenol potentiated the GABA(A) receptor response elicited by GABA. The GABA(A) receptor responses were also potentiated by the addition of aliphatic esters, most of which are reported to be present in beer flavor. Aliphatic esters showed the tendency to decrease in the potentiation of the GABA(A) receptor response with an increase in their carbon chain length. When myrcenol was injected to mice prior to intraperitoneal administration of pentobarbital, the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time of mice increased additionally. Therefore, the beer contained not only GABA-like activity but also the modulator(s) of the GABA(A) receptor response.
Department of Physics, Biology and Informatics, Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan. aoshima@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
Hitoshi
H
Aoshima
Katsuichi
K
Takeda
Yoichi
Y
Okita
Sheikh Julfikar
SJ
Hossain
Hirofumi
H
Koda
Yoshinobu
Y
Kiso
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000475:Alkenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004952:Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D027582:Humulus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000475:Alkenes; D004952:Esters; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010938:Plant Oils; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; C509595:myrcene; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid