Nursing contributions to the elimination of health disparities among African-Americans: review and critique of a decade of research--Part III.
The excessive burden of disease experienced by African-Americans has long been described by authorities in the public, private, and professional sector as a national health concern. Several reports have been published in the peer-reviewed literature that describe the outcomes of nurse-directed studies aimed at addressing the factors associated with the disparities experienced by African-Americans and these reports were also aimed toward the design of interventions to reduce and/or eliminate them. However, little is known about the scope, quality, and impact of these efforts relative to the promotion of health and the prevention of disease among African-American population groups. This report presents the results of a review, analysis, and critique of reports of outcomes of nursing research aimed toward reducing health-related disparities among African-Americans. These reports were described in a selected group of African-American nursing organizations and journals dedicated to providing a forum for the discussion of issues focused on cultural diversity, transcultural nursing, and multicultural health care issues. Included among the journals were the Journal of the National Black Nurses Association, the Journal of the Association of Black Nursing Faculty, the Journal of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, the Journal of Cultural Diversity, the Journal of Transcultural Nursing, and the Journal of Multicultural Nursing and Health. Results of the review will be reported in three parts. The first part was reported in an earlier edition (Journal of National Black Nurses Association, Volume 15, No. 1), the second part was reported in Volume 16, No 1, of the Journal of National Black Nurses Association, and the third part is reported here. The results of this critique revealed that this body of nursing research provides the profession with a broad base of knowledge and insights. This knowledge is relative to the individual and familial impact of cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, mental health and mental illness, and sickle cell disease within the African-American community. Knowledge and insights relative to the concerns and needs of childbearing, parenting, the elderly caregivers and care giving in African-American population groups is essential if health care disparities are to be truly eliminated. This review, analysis, and critique also revealed several gaps and limitations within this body of nursing research.
Underwood
Sandra Millon
SM
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA. underwoo@uwm.edu
Buseh
Aaron G
AG
Canales
Mary K
MK
Powe
Barbara
B
Dockery
Brenda
B
Kather
Tiffany
T
Kent
Nicole
N
D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005851:Geriatric Nursing; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016389:Maternal-Child Nursing; D009026:Mortality; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009742:Nursing Theory; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012956:Societies, Nursing; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013727:Terminal Care; D016746:Transcultural Nursing; D014481:United States