Dual regulation of the anaphase promoting complex in human cells by cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin A-Cdk1 complexes.
In mammalian somatic cells, the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is inactivated during S phase by active cyclin A-Cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) 2 complexes promoting accumulation of mitotic regulators, such as cyclin B and Polo like kinase 1 (Plk1). However, mitotic entry does not appear to be perturbed in some human cancer cells or in normal mouse cells following Cdk2 RNA interference (i) or deletion of the Cdk2 gene. These results suggest functional complementation of APC regulation by a compensatory kinase. Using Plk1 protein level as readout of APC activity, we show that APC is inactivated during S phase in human cells by both cyclin A-Cdk2 and cyclin A-Cdk1 complexes. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of Cdk2 or Cdk2 RNAi in early S phase destabilizes Plk1 as it begins to accumulate. However, this effect wanes in late S phase, where destabilization of Plk1 also requires Cdk1 RNAi. Although Cdk2 is the dominant partner of cyclin A in these settings, cyclin A also binds Cdk1. Both complexes bind the APC targeting factor Cdh1, but Cdk1 complexes are inactive in early S phase, accounting for the stronger regulation of APC function by Cdk2. These results provide further evidence that cyclin A-Cdk2 and -Cdk1 complexes display overlapping and partially redundant roles in preparing cells for mitosis, through regulation of the APC.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA. Jayashree.Mitra@drexel.edu
Jayashree
J
Mitra
Greg H
GH
Enders
Jane
J
Azizkhan-Clifford
Kathleen L
KL
Lengel
D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000502:physiology; D016196:S Phase / Q000502:physiology; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1
D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019925:Cyclin A; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D000097869:Polo-Like Kinase 1