Salivary biomarkers of existing periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
The authors conducted a study to determine if salivary biomarkers specific for three aspects of periodontitis--inflammation, collagen degradation and bone turnover--correlate with clinica features of periodontal disease.


METHODS
The relationship between periodontal disease and the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in whole saliva of 57 adults (28 "case" subjects with moderate-to-severe periodontal disease and 29 healthy control subjects) was examined in a case-control trial.


RESULTS
Mean levels of IL-1beta and MMP-8 in saliva were significantly higher in case subjects than in controls. Both analytes correlated with periodontal indexes, whereas, after adjustment for confounders, OPG did not. Elevated salivary levels of MMP-8 or IL-1beta (more than two standard deviations above the mean of the controls) significantly increased the risk of periodontal disease (odds ratios in the 11.3-15.4 range). Combined elevated salivary levels of MMP-8 and IL-1beta increased the risk of experiencing periodontal disease 45-fold, and elevations in all three biomarkers correlated with individual clinical parameters indicative of periodontal disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Salivary levels of MMP-8 and IL-1beta appear to serve as biomarkers of periodontitis.


CONCLUSIONS
Qualitative changes in the composition of salivary biomarkers could have significance in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease.
Miller
Craig S
CS
Oral Medicine Section, Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, MN 324, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Ky 40536-0297, USA. cmiller@uky.edu
King
Charles P
CP
Langub
M Chris
MC
Kryscio
Richard J
RJ
Thomas
Mark V
MV
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000032:analysis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology
D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8