Graded response to GABA by native extrasynaptic GABA receptors.
GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. GABA in the brain is commonly associated with a fast, point-to-point form of signalling called synaptic transmission (phasic inhibition), but there is growing evidence that GABA participates in another, slower and more diffuse form of signalling often referred to as tonic inhibition. Unresolved questions regarding tonic neuronal inhibition concern activation and functional properties of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors (GABARex) present on neurones. Extrasynaptic receptors are exposed to submicromolar GABA concentrations and may modulate the overall excitability of neurones and neuronal networks. Here, we examined GABA-activated single-channel currents in dentate gyrus granule neurones in rat hippocampal slices. We activated three types (I, II, III) of GABARex channels by nanomolar GABA concentrations (EC50 I: 27 +/- 12; II: 4 +/- 3; III: 43 +/- 19 nm). The channels opened after a delay and the single-channel conductance was graded (gammamax I: 61 +/- 3; II: 85 +/- 8, III: 40 +/- 3 pS). The channels were differentially modulated by 1 microm diazepam, 200 nm zolpidem, 1 microm flumazenil and 50 nm THDOC (3alpha, 21-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one), consistent with the following minimal subunit composition of GABARex I alpha1betagamma2, GABARex II alpha4betagamma2 and GABARex III alphabetadelta channels.
Lindquist
Catarina E L
CE
School of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Birnir
Bryndis
B
D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
D018755:GABA Agonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D007473:Ion Channels; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid