Effects of intra-arterial urokinase on a non-human primate thromboembolic stroke model.
One of the most important prognostic factors in the thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke is to re-canalize. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of urokinase in a primate thromboembolic stroke model. Thromboembolic stroke was accomplished via occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) obtained by injecting an autologous blood clot into the left internal carotid artery in 21 male cynomolgus monkeys. Animals were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: Group 1: vehicle (saline), Group 2: urokinase (40,000 IU), Group 3: urokinase (120,000 IU,) over 2 or 6 h via intra-internal carotid catheter starting 1 h after embolization, respectively. In the urokinase-treated groups, neurologic deficits were improved in consciousness and skeletal muscle coordination, but not sensory and motor systems. The infarction size in Group 2 (11.9 +/- 3.9% of the hemisphere) and 3 (7.6 +/- 2.5%) were significantly smaller than that (24.7 +/- 3.5%) in Group 1. However, 2 of 5 animals in Group 3 died. In conclusion, urokinase improved neurologic deficits and reduced cerebral infarction on thromboembolic stroke in the cynomolgus monkey.
Susumu
Teruo
T
Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories (SNBL), Ltd., Japan. susumo-teruo@snbl.co.jp
Yoshikawa
Tetsuya
T
Akiyoshi
Yuki
Y
Nagata
Ryoichi
R
Fujiwara
Michihiro
M
Kito
Go
G
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator