FGF-2-induced wound healing in corneal endothelial cells requires Cdc42 activation and Rho inactivation through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway.
OBJECTIVE
Acquisition of elongated cells with pseudopodia is observed when corneal endothelial cells (CECs) are simultaneously treated with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and RhoA inhibitors. This study was designed to determine whether these phenotypes are migratory and whether Cdc42 activation and RhoA inactivation are involved in cell migration.


METHODS
A scratch-induced directional migration assay was used to measure migratory rates. Activation of Cdc42 was determined by GTP pull-down assay. Transfection was performed using constitutively active (ca) or dominant negative (dn) Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) vectors.


RESULTS
Stimulation with basic FGF-2 alone resulted in a 43% recovery of the wound area, whereas CECs treated with FGF-2 and Y27632 (inhibitor of Rho-associated kinase) achieved an 84% recovery of the wound area with a fast migratory speed (0.72 microm/min). The synergistic effects of FGF-2 and Y27632 were completely blocked by LY294002 (PI 3-kinase inhibitor). Under these conditions, activation of PI 3-kinase and Cdc42 were observed in the migratory cells. The involvement of activated Cdc42 and inactivated Rho in endothelial migration was determined by transfecting CECs with ca- or dnRho GTPase vectors. A high migratory rate (0.52 microm/min) was seen in CECs expressing caCdc42, whereas endothelial migration was completely inhibited in CECs expressing caRho. When cells expressing caCdc42 were treated with FGF-2, migration reached the maximum rate (0.69 microm/min), similar to that observed in cells treated with FGF-2 and Y27632.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that endothelial migration is induced by activated Cdc42 and inactivated Rho via PI 3-kinase after FGF-2 stimulation and that Cdc42 activation is crucial for CECs to acquire the characteristic migratory phenotypes.
Lee
Jeong Goo
JG
Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
Kay
EunDuck P
EP
D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D014162:Transfection; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein