Management of acute renal failure in the newborn.
Acute renal failure is common in the neonatal period. It is usually manifest by abnormal biochemistry and decreased urine output (<1 ml/kg/h), but non-oliguric renal failure is also common. A detailed understanding of the common pathophysiological mechanisms is rarely needed but an understanding of the common aetiologies (pre-renal, renal and post-renal) will enable the clinician to approach the problem in a logical manner. A standard approach to fluid and electrolyte management is described, along with a practical approach to the investigation and management of renal failure. A working understanding of the principles of peritoneal dialysis is important and a brief overview of the role of haemodialysis in neonatal renal failure is provided.
Moghal
Nadeem E
NE
Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK. nadeem.moghal@nuth.nhs.uk
Embleton
Nicholas D
ND
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases; D007234:Infant, Premature; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods