Gender differences in factors associated with nutritional status of older medical patients.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate gender differences in nutritional risk of older people admitted to an acute-care general medical department, and identify gender-specific risk factors.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Internal Medicine Department in an acute care, university-affiliated hospital in southern Israel.


METHODS
204 cognitively intact patients aged 65 and over, admitted during a 12-month period to a general medical department.


METHODS
Evaluation included demographic and clinical data consisting of the sum of medical conditions and of prescribed medications, evaluation of nutritional status, cognitive status, depression assessment and functional ability. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the gender specific risk factors for under-nutrition.


RESULTS
32.5% of the men and 48.1% of the women admitted to an internal medicine department were at risk for under-nutrition. Those at nutritional risk had a higher rate of depression, lower cognitive and physical ability, poorer reported health status and more diagnosed diseases. Nutritional risk for men was associated with higher depression score, longer hospitalization, and poor appetite. For women, nutritional risk was associated with lower functional status and more diagnosed diseases. In a multivariate analysis, being a female increased the risk of under-nutrition by 3.3 fold.


CONCLUSIONS
Risk of under-nutrition is prevalent among older in-patients and is gender-related. Female inpatients are at markedly increased risk for under-nutrition. The mechanism of the gender discrepancy in factors related to nutritional deterioration is complex and poorly understood.
Castel
Hana
H
Department of Internal Medicine C, Soroka University Medical Center, PO Box 105 Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. castel@bgumail.bgu.ac.il
Shahar
Danit
D
Harman-Boehm
Ilana
I
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics