RNAi-mediated gene silencing in non-human primates.
The opportunity to harness the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway to silence disease-causing genes holds great promise for the development of therapeutics directed against targets that are otherwise not addressable with current medicines. Although there are numerous examples of in vivo silencing of target genes after local delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), there remain only a few reports of RNAi-mediated silencing in response to systemic delivery of siRNA, and there are no reports of systemic efficacy in non-rodent species. Here we show that siRNAs, when delivered systemically in a liposomal formulation, can silence the disease target apolipoprotein B (ApoB) in non-human primates. APOB-specific siRNAs were encapsulated in stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALP) and administered by intravenous injection to cynomolgus monkeys at doses of 1 or 2.5 mg kg(-1). A single siRNA injection resulted in dose-dependent silencing of APOB messenger RNA expression in the liver 48 h after administration, with maximal silencing of >90%. This silencing effect occurred as a result of APOB mRNA cleavage at precisely the site predicted for the RNAi mechanism. Significant reductions in ApoB protein, serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were observed as early as 24 h after treatment and lasted for 11 days at the highest siRNA dose, thus demonstrating an immediate, potent and lasting biological effect of siRNA treatment. Our findings show clinically relevant RNAi-mediated gene silencing in non-human primates, supporting RNAi therapeutics as a potential new class of drugs.
Zimmermann
Tracy S
TS
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., 300 Third Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. tzimmermann@alnylam.com
Lee
Amy C H
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Akinc
Akin
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Bramlage
Birgit
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Bumcrot
David
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Fedoruk
Matthew N
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Harborth
Jens
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Heyes
James A
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Jeffs
Lloyd B
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John
Matthias
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Judge
Adam D
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Lam
Kieu
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McClintock
Kevin
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Nechev
Lubomir V
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Palmer
Lorne R
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Racie
Timothy
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Röhl
Ingo
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Seiffert
Stephan
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Shanmugam
Sumi
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Sood
Vandana
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Soutschek
Jürgen
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Toudjarska
Ivanka
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Wheat
Amanda J
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Yaworski
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Zedalis
William
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Koteliansky
Victor
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Manoharan
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Vornlocher
Hans-Peter
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MacLachlan
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D000818:Animals; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011323:Primates / Q000235:genetics*; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering