title: [Preoperative and palliative embolization of renal cell carcinomas: follow-up of 49 patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of preoperative and palliative embolization of renal cell carcinomas on survival, intra- and post-operative procedures, and symptom control for palliative and preoperative indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  56 patients who underwent renal cell carcinoma embolization from 1981 to 1999 were included in this retrospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 women and 32 men were included (mean age 59.4 years). Complete follow-up data was available for 49 patients. 42 patients underwent preoperative embolization at different tumor stages (pT1: 1 patient, pT2: 6, pT3 a: 4, pT3 b: 19, pT3 c: 2, pT4: 5). 14 patients underwent palliative embolization (T1: 0 patients, T2: 5, T3: 4, T4: 4). Indications for preoperative embolization were bleeding of the renal tumor in 6 cases -- non-recurrent bleeding reported, flank pain in 4 patients -- 3 of 4 patients had no further symptoms, recurrent tumor embolization in 1 patient, and 2 patients who wanted to be treated without symptoms. The mean survival time of preoperative embolized patients was 3.1 +/- 5.11 years with a 5-year survival rate of 50 %. The mean survival time of palliative embolized patients was 0.67 +/- 0.76 years with initial metastases (n = 7) and 2.33 +/- 2.40 without metastases (n = 6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palliative embolization of renal cell carcinomas is a safe therapeutic method to treat advanced renal cell carcinomas allowing control of symptoms such as hematuria and flank pain in more than 90 % of our cases. Preoperative embolization yields a patient survival time comparable to that of patients at earlier tumor stages and is dependent on the metastases.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Radiodiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg. hallscheidt@yahoo.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hallscheidt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Besharati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noeldge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haferkamp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010166:Palliative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis