title: Exercise during late-follicular menstrual phase: influence on immune parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine whether training status and plasma hormones (estradiol--E2, progesterone--P, luteinizing hormone--LH, and follicle-stimulating hormone--FSH) have an effect on selected immune indexes during or following an acute bout of exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven female triathletes (TRI) and 7 recreationally active (REC) females were randomly assigned to rest (RE) and exercise (EX) trials during the late-follicular menstrual phase (LF). The EX was 1 hour of cycling at 63.1+/-6% VO2peak (TRI) and 61+/-5.1% VO2peak (REC) and RE was 1 hour of sitting. Blood was drawn for both trials at baseline (0H), 1 hour (1H), and at 3 hours (3H).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive correlations were found between E2 and CD19+ cells for both groups as well as P and CD8+ cells for the REC group. E2 increased during EX and returned to baseline at 3HEX for both groups, however, LH remained elevated at 3HEX for REC. There were significant exercise time effects for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD3- CD16+ CD56+ cells. The NCMC and 1:1 were elevated at 1HEX for both groups and returned to baseline by 3HEX. During RE, CD3- CD16+ CD56+ cell numbers for both groups and NCMC for REC remained elevated at 3HRE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E2 and P correlated with CD19+ and CD8+ cells, respectively. Although there were transient exercise-induced changes in immune indexes and E2 and LH, with LH remaining elevated at 3HEX for REC, both training groups elicited similar responses for plasma hormones, lymphocyte subpopulations, and NCMC.
authors.affiliation: University of Findlay, Findlay, OH 45840, USA.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Bouillon
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fahlman
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D008934:Mitogens; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone