title: Increasing prostate specific antigen following radical prostatectomy and adjuvant hormonal therapy: doubling time predicts survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adjuvant hormonal therapy may be beneficial in patients who are treated with RRP and found to have adverse pathological findings. We assessed the natural history of detectable PSA in such patients with particular emphasis on the prognostic usefulness of PSADT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 903 patients treated with RRP and adjuvant hormonal therapy (started less than 90 days postoperatively) for prostate cancer at our institution between 1990 and 1999. PSADT was calculated by log linear regression in men with 2 or more PSA measurements available at least 90 days apart. CSS and sRFS were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median followup of 9.1 years PSA had become detectable in 369 of 771 patients (47.9%) who achieved an undetectable nadir. PSADT evaluable in 463 patients was less than 12 months in 68 (14.6%) and more than 10 years in 283 (61.1%). N stage and Gleason score were significantly associated with sRFS and CSS. PSADT was a significant predictor of sRFS and CSS in N+ and N0 cases with a cancer death HR of 0.55 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.71) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.31 to 0.79), respectively. The association between PSADT and survival persisted after multivariate adjustment for preoperative PSA, specimen Gleason score and seminal vesicle invasion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that many patients have slow progression despite increasing PSA following RRP and adjuvant hormonal therapy. Nodal status, cancer grade and PSADT are predictive of sRFS and CSS, and may be a useful means of selecting patients for future adjuvant therapy trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Shomik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sengupta
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Blute
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bagniewski
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bergstralh
authors.forename: Bradley C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Leibovich
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zincke
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen