title: Antibiotic treatment of Crohn's disease: results of a multicentre, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with rifaximin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinicians often employ antibiotics in Crohn's disease. Rifaximin is active against bacteria frequently found in the intestinal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the difference in efficacy between once and twice/daily oral administration of rifaximin and placebo in the treatment of active Crohn's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 83 patients with mild-to-moderate Crohn's disease and randomized to three treatments for 12 weeks: Group A (rifaximin 800 mg o.d. + placebo), Group B (rifaximin 800 mg b.d.) and Group C (placebo b.d.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical remission was achieved by 52% of Group B, 32% (A) and 33% (C). Clinical response was seen in 67% (B), 48% (A) and 41% (C), without reaching a statistically significant difference. Treatment failures were: 4% (B), 12% (A) and 33% (C), (P = 0.010). Remission and response rates of rifaximin 800 mg b.d. were significantly higher than those of placebo and rifaximin 800 mg o.d. in patients with elevated C reactive protein values (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rifaximin 800 mg b.d. was superior to placebo in inducing clinical remission of active Crohn's disease. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the number of the failures in the placebo group was significantly higher than those who received rifaximin 800 mg b.d.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Gastroenterology, St Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy. prantera@tin.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prantera
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lochs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campieri
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scribano
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sturniolo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cottone
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012294:Rifamycins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000078262:Rifaximin; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010919:Placebos; D012294:Rifamycins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D000078262:Rifaximin