title: Advances in the treatment of testicular cancer.
abstract: Testicular cancer is the most common solid tumour in young men, and the treatment of testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) has been called a success story of medical oncology, germ cell cancer being regarded as the "model of a curable neoplasm". Even with metastatic disease, high cure rates can be achieved: the overall 5-year survival for all stages of TGCT is approximately 80%. Today, elaborate systems for prognostic evaluation for gonadal and extragonadal germ cell tumours facilitate the choice of the most appropriate therapy for individual patients. In doing so, the ultimate goal of treatment is tumour-free survival for any patient with TGCT. This goal has already been reached for >99% of the patients with early-stage tumours, as well as for the majority of patients with advanced disease (56% of patients with metastases are considered to have a good prognosis at the time of diagnosis; the 5-year survival rate for this group is 90%). However, patients with 'intermediate' or 'poor' prognosis at the time of diagnosis, as well as patients with relapsed disease after cisplatin-containing therapy, still have an unsatisfactorily low 5-year survival rate after standard therapy with PEB (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin) of only 80%, 45-55% and 20-25%, respectively.Therefore, our goals must be (i) to limit acute and chronic toxicity by avoiding overtreatment for patients with localised disease and/or good prognosis with advanced disease; and (ii) to identify patients with poor prognosis and treat them in specialised centres, where not only is optimal interdisciplinary care available but new treatment strategies are being applied. For example, tandem high-dose chemotherapy regimens might be effective in achieving higher cure rates in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Medical Center II, Hematology, Rheumatology, Pneumology and Immunology, South West German Cancer Center, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuczyk
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Classen
authors.forename: Arnulf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenzl
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kanz
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bamberg
authors.forename: Jörg Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D018239:Seminoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery