title: Increased ammonium in culture medium reduces the development of human embryos to the blastocyst stage.
abstract: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of ammonium accumulated in sequential media and determined by enzymatic spectrophotometric method on the blastocyst development in 281 human embryos from 100 stimulated and natural in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. Ammonium concentration was increased in 62% of cycles and was correlated negatively with the blastocyst development after classical IVF, but not after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ljubljana, Slovenia. irma.virant@kclj.si
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Virant-Klun
authors.forename: Tomaz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomazevic
authors.forename: Eda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vrtacnik-Bokal
authors.forename: Andrej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vogler
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krsnik
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meden-Vrtovec
mesh_terms: D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds