title: Trends in prescription drug expenditures by Medicaid enrollees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As prescription drug expenditures consume an increasingly larger portion of Medicaid budgets, states are anxious to control drug costs without endangering enrollees' health. In this report, we analyzed recent trends in Medicaid prescription drug expenditures by therapeutic classes and subclasses. Identifying the fastest growing categories of drugs, where drugs are grouped into clinically relevant classes and subclasses, can help policymakers decide where to focus their cost containment efforts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to a prescription drug therapeutic classification system, to examine trends between 1996/1997 and 2001/2002 in utilization and expenditures for the noninstitutionalized Medicaid population. We separated aggregate trends into changes in population with use and changes in expenditures per user, and percent generic. We also highlighted differences within the Medicaid population, including children, adults, disabled, and elderly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found rapid growth in expenditures for antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihyperlipidemics, antidiabetic agents, antihistamines, COX-2 inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors and found evidence supporting the rapid take-up of new drugs. In some cases these increases are the result of increased expenditures per user and in other cases the overall growth also comes from an increase in the population with use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medicaid programs may want to reassess their cost-containment policies in light of the rapid take-up of new drugs. Our analysis also identifies areas in which more information is needed on the comparative effectiveness of new versus existing treatments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Modeling and Simulation, Center for Financing, Access and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. jbanthin@ahrq.gov
authors.forename: Jessica S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Banthin
authors.forename: G Edward
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D004608:Eligibility Determination; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013221:State Health Plans / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States