title: [Apicoaortic conduit insertion for elderly patients with acquired aortic stenosis and small aortic annulus].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with critical aortic stenosis, a heavily calcified aorta, and a small aortic annulus are at an increasing risk of complications during a conventional aortic valve replacement (AVR) procedure. Insertion of an apicoaortic conduit (AAC) can be an alternative to AVR in such situations. This study is a review of our experiences with AAC in elderly patients with acquired aortic stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 2001 to 2005, 7 elderly patients (mean age of 81 : range 74 to 87) underwent an AAC insertion for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis with a small aortic annulus (mean annulus size 17.9 mm). Preoperatively, all were symptomatic, with 4 rated as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV, 2 as class III, and 1 as class II. In addition, 3 patients had severe congestive heart failure with mechanical ventilation and received a high dose administration of catecholamine, and 1 had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) previously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AAC insertions were performed under a cardiopulmonary bypass through a left thoracotomy in 6 patients, while 1 patient underwent the procedure without a cardiopulmonary bypass. Distal anastomoses were performed in the descending thoracic aorta with a partial occluding clamp. A composite woven Dacron conduit with a stented biological valve was used in 2 cases, and a woven Dacron conduit with a stentless bioprosthesis was used in 5. Two patients underwent a concomitant CABG. There was 1 hospital death due to obstructive ileus 4 months after the operation. One patient who had been in a shock state preoperatively had hypoxic encephalopathy due to inoperative severe hypotension. Postoperative echocardiography showed relief of the left ventricle-aortic gradient in all patients. After a mean follow-up period of 22 months, there was no late death, while 3 patients were readmitted due to congestive heart failure. Further, 1 of the patients was rated as NYHA class I, 1 as class II, and 2 as class III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An AAC procedure was found to be an acceptable alternative for elderly patients who had a high-risk of complications with the standard procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Health Organization Nagano Hospital, Ueda, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents