title: Ranking the contributing risk factors in venous thrombosis in terms of therapeutic potential: Virchow's triad revisited.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thromboemoblism is an attendant feature of a variety of pathological conditions. We reconsidered Virchow's pathogenetic triad of stasis, humoral factors and vascular wall pathologies in the light of platelet behavior in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat mesenteric microcirculation was examined by intravital microscopy. After isolated rat platelets had been injected i.v. into rats, their behavior in venules was examined under the following conditions: stasis from pressure, hemoconcentration from erythropoietin injections, or endothelial damage from tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the endothelial damage group, platelets displayed transient adhesion and rolling, while some platelets exhibited stationary adhesion to venular endothelium. The stasis and hemoconcentration groups exhibited only a slight change in adhesive response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelial dysfunction appears to be the most important contributing factor in the development of venous thrombosis. As such, targeting this dysfunction is suggested for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyomura
authors.forename: Tomihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusanagi
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D018056:Hemorheology; D008297:Male; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012307:Risk Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha