title: Severe hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with fluoxetine: case report.
abstract: Hyponatremia is a significant complication of treatment with serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). We describe a case of a 53-year-old woman that was started on fluoxetine 20 mg/day for depression. Nine days later, the patient started with weakness, nausea, progressing to confusion, inappetence and vomit. Three hours later she became unresponsive and had a generalized seizure. She was brought to our emergency service. On admission, the patient was normovolemic, without focal motor deficits, but had mild generalized muscle rigidity and Babinski's sign bilaterally. Serum sodium was 105 mmol/L, serum osmolality, 220 mmol/L, and urinary osmolality, 400 mmol/L. The other laboratory exams, chest X-ray, cerebrospinal fluid and cranium tomography were normal. She was found to have fluoxetine-induced SIADH and it was discontinued. We started the hyponatremia correction and, in 5 days, the mental status of the patient gradually returned to a normal baseline, paralleling the resolution of her hyponatremia, without recurrence. Hyponatremia and SIADH should be considered if a patient experiences deterioration in his or her clinical condition while taking SSRI. The use of SSRI antidepressants should be remembered in the differential diagnosis of drug-induced hyponatremia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Nossa Senhora das Graças Hospital, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. carlos.alexandre.tw@bol.com.br
authors.forename: Carlos Alexandre
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Twardowschy
authors.forename: Cristina Buselatto
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Bertolucci
authors.forename: Cleverson de Macedo
authors.initials: Cde M
authors.lastname: Gracia
authors.forename: Marta Angela de Souza
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brandão
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007177:Inappropriate ADH Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D005473:Fluoxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors