title: Assault-injured adolescents presenting to the emergency department: causes and circumstances.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the causes and circumstances of conflict leading to assault injury among urban youth seeking care in the emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted in-person and telephone interviews with a convenience sample of 143 youth aged 12-19 years presenting to two urban emergency departments with an interpersonal assault injury. Patients were interviewed about the nature and circumstances of their injury. Descriptive analysis was performed, including stratified analysis by gender, age (12-15 vs. 16-19 years), and weapon use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of patients knew or knew of the person(s) who injured them; most were friends, classmates, or acquaintances. More than half of the injuries (56%) were related to a past disagreement. Among assaults related to a past disagreement, 33% of patients had previous arguments with their assailant, 16% had previous fights, and 14% had previous weapons threats. Twenty-nine percent had been previously threatened, and 11% had previously threatened their assailant. Twenty-eight percent of patients believed they helped to cause the injury by provoking a fight or letting down their guard. Nearly two thirds (64%) believed there were things they could change to prevent future injury, including staying away from dangerous situations and bad influences or controlling their tempers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most assault injuries among adolescents involved past disagreements with people they knew. Many injured youth were mutually involved in conflict before their injury. Over time, many victims and perpetrators may be interchangeable. These data may help inform emergency department-based interventions to prevent assault injury.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. tcheng2@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Tina L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Amari Sokoya
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pearson-Fields
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Scheidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D004219:District of Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012008:Recurrence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology