title: The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes: systematic literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature estimating the cross-sectional prevalence of clinical depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases and published references were used to identify studies published between January 2000 and June 2004, with a previous meta-analysis used to identify studies before 1 January 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between January 2000 and June 2004, a further five eligible studies were identified. Only one was a controlled study using diagnostic interviewing to determine rates of depression. Taking all of the eligible studies identified by the previous meta-analysis and this search, the prevalence of clinical depression in controlled studies was 12.0% for people with diabetes compared with 3.2% for control subjects. In studies with no control group, the prevalence of clinical depression was 13.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are wide-ranging differences reported in the various studies on the prevalence of depression in Type 1 diabetes. In view of the differing methods of diagnosis and small participant numbers, the results should be viewed with caution. A controlled study using diagnostic interviewing techniques to determine levels of depression is recommended to provide a clearer picture of both the prevalence and characteristics of that depression.
authors.affiliation: University of Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peveler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence