title: [Do subclinical epileptiform discharges really affect short-term memory in children?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deficits in concentration, specific developmental disorders, and behaviour problems often impair the educational abilities of children and adolescents with epilepsy, even if the subjects are seizure-free. The impact of subclinical epileptiform discharges that persist despite adequate antiepileptic treatment is not yet understood. Some studies suggest that these lead to simultaneous transitory cognitive impairment, thereby affecting short-term memory functions. This study examines the impact of subclinical discharges on memory functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 seizure-free children (10.3 +/- 3.5 years) with subclinical epileptiform discharges were examined by means of computerized EEG-coupled tests focussing on visuo-spatial and verbal short-term memory, in order to assess the temporal relation between discharges and test performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in cognitive performance were detected in phases with and without epileptiform discharges; neither discharges > 1.5 sec, nor multiple discharges within a test impaired performance. Moreover, performance was independent of the localisation of discharges and of the time of their occurrence during the test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed no association between subclinical epileptiform discharges and error rates as indicators of transient cognitive impairment in visuo-spatial and verbal short-term memory. Hence, other mechanisms have to be taken into account to explain the known cognitive deficits in patients with epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tremmel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holtmann
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brandl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology