title: Long-term outcomes after Helicobacter pylori eradication with second-line, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term outcomes in terms of Helicobacter pylori and ulcer recurrence after second-line eradication with bismuth-containing quadruple regimens in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven patients with peptic ulcer disease after successful eradication using second-line quadruple therapies were prospectively followed up 1 month after treatment and then every 6 months or when dyspeptic symptoms reappeared to ascertain H. pylori and ulcer status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients were lost during follow-up. The median duration of follow-up of the remaining 64 patients was 26.8 months. H. pylori recurrence occurred in 11 of these 64 patients (17.2%), giving a calculated reinfection rate of 6.0% per patient-year. Only one of the 11 patients was reinfected by 12 months after treatment completion. Four of 11 patients (36.4%) who became reinfected experienced peptic ulcer recurrence, but none of 53 patients who were not reinfected experienced recurrence. No evidence was obtained to indicate that the reinfection rate depended on the age, sex, ulcer location, or eradication regimens. The relapse of dyspeptic symptoms was the only factor predictive of H. pylori recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the recurrence rate of H. pylori at 1 year after second-line, bismuth-containing quadruple therapy is low, but the annual reinfection rate is as high as 6%. Surveillance for H. pylori reinfection facilitating peptic ulcer recurrence may be warranted even after a second eradication, especially when dyspeptic symptoms reappear in Korea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheon
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Mogg
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Chae
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: In Sung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C002791:bismuth tripotassium dicitrate