Choosing indicators to evaluate Healthy Cities projects: a political task?
Ever since their beginning in 1986, Healthy Cities projects all over the world have been confronted with the issue of evaluation. However, after 20 years, many key dilemmas constantly reappear, people often looking for a kind of 'magic' list of universally applicable indicators to evaluate these initiatives. In this article we address five questions, allowing to illustrate the evaluative dilemmas the Healthy Communities movement is confronted with: Why evaluate Healthy Cities? What should be evaluated? Evaluate for who? Who should undertake the evaluation? How should the evaluation be performed? We conclude by formulating three recommendations in order to stimulate exchanges and debate. Our argument is based on a recent thorough analysis of the evaluative literature pertaining to the Healthy Cities movement, as well as on two decades of reflection on and involvement with this issue locally, nationally and internationally.
O'Neill
Michel
M
Faculty of Nursing and Groupe de recherche et d'intervention en promotion de la santé (GRIPSUL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4. Michel.Oneill@fsi.ulaval.ca
Simard
Paule
P
D002947:Cities; D018672:Community Health Planning / Q000592:standards*; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006291:Health Policy; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011057:Politics; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D011792:Quebec; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D014944:World Health Organization