Does expanded retrieval produce benefits over equal-interval spacing? Explorations of spacing effects in healthy aging and early stage Alzheimer's disease.
Three experiments explored different schedules of retrieval practice in young adults, older adults, and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type. In each experiment, an initial acquisition phase was presented in which participants studied or attempted to retrieve response words to cues, followed by a later cued-recall test. Experiment 1 produced a benefit of expanded retrieval over equal-interval retrieval during acquisition, but this benefit was lost in final cued recall. In Experiments 2 and 3, participants received corrective feedback during acquisition and modified spacing schedules. There was again no evidence of a difference between expanded and equal-interval conditions in final cued recall. Discussion focuses on the potential benefits and costs of expanded retrieval on a theoretical and applied level.
Balota
David A
DA
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. dbalota@artsci.wustl.edu
Duchek
Janet M
JM
Sergent-Marshall
Susan D
SD
Roediger
Henry L
HL
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003463:Cues; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index