title: A genetically engineered Escherichia coli phytase improves nutrient utilization, growth performance, and bone strength of young swine fed diets deficient in available phosphorus.
abstract: A 28-d experiment was conducted using 126 crossbred barrows to evaluate the addition of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli phytase to diets that were 0.15% deficient in available P. Growth performance, bone strength, ash weight, and the apparent absorption of P, Ca, Mg, N, energy, DM, Zn, Fe, and Cu were the response criteria. The pigs (2 pigs/pen) averaged 7.61 kg of BW and 30 d of age initially. The low-P basal diet was supplemented with 0, 100, 500, 2,500, or 12,500 units (U) of E. coli phytase/kg of diet, or 500 U of Peniophora lycii phytase/kg of diet. The positive control (PC) diet was adequate in available P. Pigs were fed the diets in meal form. Fecal samples were collected from each pig from d 22 to 27 of the experiment. There were linear and quadratic increases (P < 0.001) in 28-d growth performance (ADFI, ADG, and G:F), bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption (g/d and %) of P, Ca, and Mg (P < or = 0.01 for quadratic) with increasing concentrations of E. coli phytase. Pigs fed the low-P diets containing 2,500 or 12,500 U/kg of E. coli phytase had greater (P < or = 0.01 or P < 0.001, respectively) values for growth performance, bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption (g/d and %) of P, Ca, and Mg than pigs fed the PC diet. The addition of E. coli phytase did not increase the apparent percentage absorption of N, GE, DM, Zn, Fe, or Cu. There were no differences in the efficacy of the E. coli or P. lycii phytase enzymes at 500 U/kg of low-P diet for any criterion measured. In conclusion, there were linear increases in growth performance, bone breaking strength and ash weight, and the apparent absorption of P, Ca, and Mg with increasing addition of E. coli phytase up to 12,500 U/kg of diet. Also, all of these criteria were greater for pigs fed the low-P diets containing 2,500 or 12,500 U of E. coli phytase/kg than for pigs fed the PC diet. The addition of 500, 2,500, or 12,500 U of E. coli phytase/kg of low-P diet reduced P excretion (g/d) in manure by 35, 42, and 61%, respectively, compared with pigs fed the PC diet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA. veumt@missouri.edu
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Veum
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bollinger
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Buff
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bedford
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D010832:6-Phytase; D015032:Zinc