title: Metabolic engineering of malolactic wine yeast.
abstract: Malolactic fermentation is essential for the deacidification of high acid grape must. We have constructed a genetically stable industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by integrating a linear cassette containing the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate permease gene (mae1) and the Oenococcus oeni malolactic gene (mleA) under control of the S. cerevisiae PGK1 promoter and terminator sequences into the URA3 locus of an industrial wine yeast. The malolactic yeast strain, ML01, fully decarboxylated 5.5 g/l of malate in Chardonnay grape must during the alcoholic fermentation. Analysis of the phenotype, genotype, transcriptome, and proteome revealed that the ML01 yeast is substantially equivalent to the parental industrial wine yeast. The ML01 yeast enjoys 'Generally Regarded As Safe' status from the FDA and is the first genetically enhanced yeast that has been commercialized. Its application will prevent the formation of noxious biogenic amines produced by lactic acid bacteria in wine.
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Suite 231, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Husnik
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Volschenk
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colavizza
authors.forename: Zongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Hennie J J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van Vuuren
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024861:Genetic Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C098940:malate permease protein, Bacteria; C037731:malolactic enzyme; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase