title: The Asheville Project: long-term clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of a community-based medication therapy management program for asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of a community-based medication therapy management (MTM) program for 207 adult patients with asthma over 5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-experimental, longitudinal pre-post study.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 pharmacy locations in Asheville, N.C. PATIENTS/OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Patients with asthma covered by two self-insured health plans; professional educator at Mission Hospitals; 18 certificate-trained community and hospital pharmacists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Education by a certified asthma educator; regular long-term follow-up by pharmacists (reimbursed for MTM by health plans) using scheduled consultations, monitoring, and recommendations to physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), asthma severity, symptom frequency, the degree to which asthma affected people's lives, presence of an asthma action plan, asthma-related emergency department/hospital events, and changes in asthma-related costs over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All objective and subjective measures of asthma control improved and were sustained for as long as 5 years. FEV1 and severity classification improved significantly. The proportion of patients with asthma action plans increased from 63% to 99%. Patients with emergency department visits decreased from 9.9% to 1.3%, and hospitalizations from 4.0% to 1.9%. Spending on asthma medications increased; however, asthma-related medical claims decreased and total asthma-related costs were significantly lower than the projections based on the study population's historical trends. Direct cost savings averaged 725 dollars/patient/year, and indirect cost savings were estimated to be 1230 dollars/patient/year. Indirect costs due to missed/nonproductive workdays decreased from 10.8 days/year to 2.6 days/year. Patients were six times less likely to have an emergency department/hospitalization event after program interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with asthma who received education and long-term medication therapy management services achieved and maintained significant improvements and had significantly decreased overall asthma-related costs despite increased medication costs that resulted from increased use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Diabetes & Health Education Center, Mission Hospitals, Asheville, NC, USA. barry.bunting@msj.org
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bunting
authors.forename: Carole W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cranor
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000523:psychology; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006808:Humanism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009657:North Carolina; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index