title: Adenosine A2A receptor mediated protective effect of 2-(6-cyano-1-hexyn-1-yl)adenosine on retinal ischaemia/reperfusion damage in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of 2-(6-cyano-1-hexyn-1-yl)adenosine (2-CN-Ado), an adenosine A2A receptor agonist, on retinal ischaemia/reperfusion damage in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinal ischaemia/reperfusion damage was induced by elevating the intraocular pressure of one eye to 130 mm Hg for 60 minutes and returning it to normal. 7 days later, retinal ischaemia/reperfusion damage was histologically quantified by measuring the thickness of retinal layers. Intraocular pressure was measured by pressure transducer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retinal ischaemia/reperfusion caused cell loss in the ganglion cell layer and thinning of the inner plexiform and nuclear layer. Both ocular topical and intravenous administration of 2-CN-Ado caused a reduction of retinal ischaemia/reperfusion damage. A selective A2A receptor antagonist, 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl) xanthine (CSC), but not a selective A1 receptor antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), or a selective A2B receptor antagonist, alloxazine, reduced the protective effect of 2-CN-Ado. While ocular topical administration of 2-CN-Ado caused a sustained reduction of intraocular pressure, intravenous administration of 2-CN-Ado showed a transient ocular hypotensive effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that 2-CN-Ado attenuates retinal ischaemia/reperfusion damage, and at least some of this protective effect of 2-CN-Ado might be mediated via activation of the adenosine A2A receptor.
authors.affiliation: Drug Research Section II, Fukushima Research Laboratories, Toa Eiyo Ltd, Yuno, Iizaka, Fukushima 960-0280, Japan. konno.takashi@toaeiyo.co.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchibori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kogi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakahata
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C504088:2-(6-cyano-1-hexyn-1-yl)adenosine; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D010627:Phenethylamines; C061282:2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D000241:Adenosine