title: Fabrication of endothelialized tube in collagen gel as starting point for self-developing capillary-like network to construct three-dimensional organs in vitro.
abstract: A possible strategy for creating three-dimensional (3D) tissue-engineered organs in vitro with similar volumes to the primary organs is to develop a capillary network throughout the constructs to provide sufficient oxygenation and nutrition to the cells composing them. Here, we propose a novel approach for the creation of a capillary-like network in vitro, based on the spontaneous tube-forming activity of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in collagen gel. We fabricated a linear tube of 500 microm in diameter, the inner surface of which was filled with bovine carotid artery vascular endothelial cells (BECs), in type I collagen gel as a starting point for the formation of a capillary-like network. The BECs exposed to a medium containing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) migrated into the ambient gel around the tube. After 2 weeks of VEGF exposure, the distance of the migration into the ambient gel in the radial direction of the tube reached approximately 800 microm. Cross-sections of capillary-like structures composed of the migrating BECs, with a lumen-like interior space, were observed in slices of the gel around the tube stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). These results demonstrate that this approach using a pre-established tube, which is composed of ECs, as a starting point for a self-developing capillary-like network is potentially useful for constructing 3D organs in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0385, Japan. ttakei@chem-eng.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ijima
authors.forename: Koei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001187:Artificial Organs; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D002196:Capillaries / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D003094:Collagen