title: Meconium and neurotoxicants: searching for a prenatal exposure timing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) has been a subject of interest in recent years, given their potential neurotoxicity. Meconium is easily available and accumulates neurotoxicants and/or metabolites from the 12th week of gestation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether neurotoxicants, specifically OCs, could be detected in serially collected meconium, and to compare the results with those obtained in cord blood samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of cord blood and three serial stool samples were analysed in 10 newborns. Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-HCH) were analysed by gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From serial stool collection and analysis in newborns, there was an increase in the concentrations of HCB, p,p'-DDE, PCBs, and beta-HCH between the first and last stools of the newborn. Levels of DDT diminished as pregnancy progressed. Concentrations in cord blood were positively associated with concentrations in meconium for p,p'-DDE and beta-HCH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meconium is a very useful instrument for the investigation of fetal exposure to neurotoxicants; serial collection and analysis of meconium should estimate the timing and degree of in utero exposure of the fetus to neurotoxicants. Analysis and interpretation of neurotoxicants in meconium results is a complex process. Measurement in meconium of a wide range of neurotoxic substances should facilitate early identification of harmful exposures, and enable rehabilitation and instigation of preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Environmental Health Speciality Unit (PEHSU), University Children's Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Ctra. Murcia-Cartagena, El Palmar, CP-30120, Murcia, Spain. ortega@pehsu.org
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ortega García
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carrizo Gallardo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferris i Tortajada
authors.forename: M M P
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Grimalt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008470:Meconium / Q000737:chemistry*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated