title: Reevaluation of the life cycle of Tuber magnatum.
abstract: Tuber spp. are ectomycorrhizal ascomycetes that produce ascocarps known as truffles. Basic aspects of Tuber biology have yet to be fully elucidated. In particular, there are conflicting hypotheses concerning the mating system and the ploidy level of the mycorrhizal and truffle hyphae. We used polymorphic microsatellites to compare the allelic configurations of asci with those from the network of the surrounding hyphae in single Tuber magnatum truffles. We then used these truffles to inoculate host plants and evaluated the microsatellite configurations of the resulting mycorrhizal root tips. These analyses provide direct evidence that T. magnatum outcrosses and that its life cycle is predominantly haploid. In addition to its scientific significance, this basic understanding of the T. magnatum life cycle may have practical importance in developing strategies to obtain and select nursery-produced mycorrhizal plants as well as in the management of artificial plantations of this and other Tuber spp.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Plant Genetics Institute, Perugia Division, Via Madonna Alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paolocci
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubini
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riccioni
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arcioni
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006238:Haploidy; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D029963:Quercus / Q000382:microbiology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal