title: Activation of the mTOR signalling pathway is required for pancreatic growth in protease-inhibitor-fed mice.
abstract: Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced pancreatic growth in mice involves parallel increases in DNA and protein. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway regulates mRNA translation and its activation is implicated in growth of various tissues. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether mTOR activation is required for pancreatic growth in a mouse model of increased endogenous CCK release. In mice fed chow containing the synthetic protease inhibitor camostat, protein synthetic rates and phosphorylation of two downstream targets of mTOR, eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and the ribosomal protein S6 (S6), increased in comparison with fasted controls. The camostat-induced increases in protein synthesis and 4E-BP1 and S6 phosphorylation were almost totally abolished by administration of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin 1 h prior to camostat feeding. In contrast, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK and the expression of the early response genes c-jun, c-fos, ATF3 and egr-1 induced by camostat feeding were not affected by rapamycin. In mice fed camostat for 7 days, the ratio of pancreatic to body weight increased by 143%, but when rapamycin was administered daily this was reduced to a 22% increase. Changes in pancreatic mass were paralleled by protein and DNA content following camostat feeding and rapamycin administration. Moreover, while BrdU incorporation, an indicator of DNA synthesis, was increased to 448% of control values after 2 days of camostat feeding, rapamycin administration completely inhibited this increase. We conclude that the mTOR signalling pathway is required for CCK-induced cell division and pancreatic growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. scrozier@umich.edu
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: M Dolors
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sans
authors.forename: LiLi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Louis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: D'Alecy
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004032:Diet; D004952:Esters; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D016670:Gabexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009929:Organ Size; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C499527:Eif4ebp1 protein, mouse; D004952:Esters; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D006146:Guanidines; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6; C448579:ribosomal protein S6, mouse; C034532:camostat; D016670:Gabexate; D004247:DNA; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus