title: A defunctioning stoma in the treatment of lower third rectal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the accepted standard for rectal cancer treatment. However, there is an increased risk of symptomatic anastomotic leakage associated with TME as TME potentially endangers the blood supply of the remaining rectum. On top of this, many patients will receive neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy. A defunctioning stoma helps in avoiding severe complications of anastomotic failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively collected data of all patients with a rectal carcinoma within reach of the palpating finger, operated on in our department between December 2000 and January 2005. There were 70 patients (42 men and 28 women, median age 70 (range 32-95)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 40 patients (40/70 = 57%) a sphincter-saving procedure was performed. Eleven patients were diagnosed with anastomotic leakage or failure. Seven patients had neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy, 4 had no neo-adjuvant therapy. In 4 patients signs of anastomotic leakage were seen on the barium-enema that is routinely performed before closing the defunctioning stoma. Seven patients (7/40 = 17,5%) had clinical signs of anastomotic leakage. Three of them could be treated conservatively with antibiotics and parenteral nutrition. Two of these patients did not have a defunctioning stoma. Four patients needed re-intervention and were treated in intensive care for several days. Three of these patients did not have a defunctioning stoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy and TME resection are two factors in the treatment of rectal cancer that might interfere with anastomotic healing in the case of a sphincter-saving procedure. The construction of a defunctioning stoma helps in limiting the complications of anastomotic leakage or failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, ZNA Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Elst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanderveken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003125:Colostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D054047:Surgical Stomas; D016896:Treatment Outcome