title: Risk factors associated with major intraoperative blood loss in hepatic resection for hepatobiliary tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatic resection is the mainstay treatment of hepatobiliary tumor Nowadays, mortality is less than 6%. However, morbidity is still high. Bleeding is one of the most common problems during hepatic resection which can sometimes lead to catastrophe. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the risk factors associated with major blood loss during hepatic resection for hepatobiliary tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 69 consecutive patients who underwent elective hepatic resection for hepatobiliary tumor from May 2002 to April 2004 were enrolled into this retrospective study. The Patients were divided into 2 groups(group I and II) according to the intraoperative blood loss. Patients who had a blood loss of more than 1000 ml were defined as the major blood loss group(group I). Thirteen variable factors were analyzed to determine the risk of major intraoperative blood loss. Operative outcomes between the two groups were also compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the sixty-nine patients, 36 patients were in group I and 33 patients were in group II. 75% of the patients in group I and 36.4% of the patients in group II were transfused. Median blood transfusion in group I and II were 3 and 0 units of packed red cell. Univariate analysis showed tumor size, extent of hepatic resection, tumor pathology and operative time were factors affecting major intraoperative blood loss. However, multivariate analysis showed only operative time and tumor size to be independent risk factors. Patients in group I had higher surgical morbidity and prolonged hospital stay compared with patients in group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood loss is still a major concern in performing hepatic resection. From the present study, tumor size and operative time are the independent factors affecting major intraoperative blood loss. Proper screening or a surveillance program may enhance the chance to find small tumors. Refined operative techniques such as anterior approach and liver hanging would facilitate resection for large right sided tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Boonchoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sirichindakul
authors.forename: Rawisak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chanwat
authors.forename: Bunthoon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nonthasoot
authors.forename: Jade
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suphapol
authors.forename: Supanit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nivatvongs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors