title: Oral nanoparticle-based antituberculosis drug delivery to the brain in an experimental model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of orally administered poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLG, a synthetic polymer) nanoparticle encapsulated antituberculosis drugs (ATDs) (rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol) for cerebral drug delivery in a murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The formulation was prepared using the multiple emulsion technique and administered orally to mice for biodistribution, pharmacokinetic and chemotherapeutic studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single oral dose of the formulation to mice could maintain sustained drug levels for 5-8 days in the plasma and for 9 days in the brain. There was a significant improvement in the pharmacokinetic parameters such as mean residence time and relative bioavailability as compared with free drugs. The pharmacodynamic parameters such as the ratio of area under the curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) and the time up to which MIC levels were maintained in plasma (T(MIC)) were also improved. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv infected mice, five oral doses of the nanoparticle formulation administered every 10th day resulted in undetectable bacilli in the meninges, as assessed on the basis of cfu and histopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymeric nanoparticles bear significant potential for ATD delivery to the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research Chandigarh-160 012, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Khuller
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008578:Meninges / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D049329:Nanostructures; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D011098:Polyglactin 910; D020306:Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011098:Polyglactin 910