Biological hydrogen production in a UASB reactor with granules. I: Physicochemical characteristics of hydrogen-producing granules.
Hydrogen-producing granules with an excellent settling ability were cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating a sucrose-rich synthetic wastewater. The physicochemical characteristics of granules were evaluated in this study. The mature granules had a diameter ranging from 1.0 to 3.5 mm and an average density of 1.036 +/- 0.005 g/mL, whereas they had good settling ability and a high settling velocity of 32-75 m/h. The low ratio of proteins/carbohydrates for the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the granules suggests that carbohydrates rather than proteins, might play a more important role in the formation of the H(2)-producing granules. The contact angle of the mature granules, 54 +/- 2 degrees , was larger than that of the seed sludge (38 +/- 2 degrees ), indicating that the microbial cells in the H(2)-producing granules had higher hydrophobicity. The granules had fractal nature with a fractal dimension of 1.78. Their porosities were in the range of 0-0.70, and increased with increasing granule size. The ratios between the observed and predicted settling velocities by Stokes' law were in a range of 1.00-1.50, and the fluid collection efficiency of the granules ranged from 0 to 0.19, indicating that their permeabilities were lower and that there was little advective flow through their interior. Experimental results also suggest that molecular diffusion appeared to play an important role in the mass transfer through the H(2)-producing granules.
Mu
Yang
Y
Lab of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
Yu
Han-Qing
HQ
D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000502:physiology*; D019149:Bioreactors; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010316:Particle Size; D016062:Porosity; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013499:Surface Properties
D012722:Sewage; D006859:Hydrogen