title: Induction of steroidogenesis in immature rat Leydig cells by interleukin-1alpha is dependent on extracellular signal-regulated kinases.
abstract: Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses as well as in non-inflammatory events in different types of cells. Here we have investigated the involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade in IL-1alpha-induced steroidogenesis by primary cultures of immature rat Leydig cells. Our findings indicate that protein kinase C functions as an upstream component of signal transduction from the IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) to the ERK cascade. It was observed that IL-1alpha upregulated both steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression and its phosphorylation when compared with controls. Selective inhibition of these mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by UO126 enhanced both the expression and phosphorylation of the StAR protein, but suppressed androgen production by the immature Leydig cells as well as dissipating the mitochondrial electrochemical potential (Psim) in these cells. The evidence that water-soluble cholesterol but not 22R-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated steroidogenesis was inhibited by UO126 suggested that an intact Psim across the inner mitochondrial membrane is required for cholesterol translocation and is positively regulated by the ERK cascade. We propose that activation of ERKs by IL-1alpha plays a dual role in the regulation of steroidogenesis in immature Leydig cells: these MAPKs downregulate StAR expression and phosphorylation, while at the same time they support an intact Psim across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby promoting translocation of cholesterol into the mitochondria of the Leydig cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Woman and Child Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit Q2:08, Karolinska Institute & University Hospital, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Renlund
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Svechnikova
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stocco
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Söder
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Svechnikov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007985:Leydig Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013256:Steroids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009570:Nitriles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D013256:Steroids; C113580:U 0126; D002784:Cholesterol; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3