title: Adjuvants modulating mucosal immune responses or directing systemic responses towards the mucosa.
abstract: In developing veterinary mucosal vaccines and vaccination strategies, mucosal adjuvants are one of the key players for inducing protective immune responses. Most of the mucosal adjuvants seem to exert their effect via binding to a receptor/or target cells and these properties were used to classify the mucosal adjuvants reviewed in the present paper: (1) ganglioside receptor-binding toxins (cholera toxin, LT enterotoxin, their B subunits and mutants); (2) surface immunoglobulin binding complex CTA1-DD; (3) TLR4 binding lipopolysaccharide; (4) TLR2-binding muramyl dipeptide; (5) Mannose receptor-binding mannan; (6) Dectin-1-binding ss 1,3/1,6 glucans; (7) TLR9-binding CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides; (8) Cytokines and chemokines; (9) Antigen-presenting cell targeting ISCOMATRIX and ISCOM. In addition, attention is given to two adjuvants able to prime the mucosal immune system following a systemic immunization, namely 1alpha, 25(OH)2D3 and cholera toxin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. Eric.Cox@Ugent.be
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdonck
authors.forename: Daisy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanrompay
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goddeeris
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic