title: Antipituitary antibodies recognizing growth hormone (GH)-producing cells in children with idiopathic GH deficiency and in children with idiopathic short stature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antipituitary antibodies (APA) recognizing GH-secreting cells may indicate an autoimmune pituitary involvement in adults with idiopathic GH deficiency (IGHD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed 1) to investigate the presence of APA in prepubertal children with IGHD or idiopathic short stature (ISS), identifying the pituitary hormone-producing cells targeted by APA; and 2) to verify whether in patients with ISS the presence of APA could predict the development of GHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cross-sectional and partially longitudinal cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at the Endocrinology Unit and Pediatric Unit of the Second University and University Federico II of Naples, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six children with IGHD (group 1), 60 children with ISS (group 2), 33 children with GHD caused by lesions/abnormalities of the hypothalamus or pituitary (group 3), and 40 controls participated in the study. Nineteen children of group 2 were reevaluated after 2 yr.
  
  
  METHODS
  IGF-I levels, GH secretion, and APA (by indirect immunofluorescence) were evaluated in all participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At study entry, APA recognizing GH-producing cells were detected in seven of 26 children in group 1 and in 14 of 60 in group 2. Two years later, all eight initially APA-positive and all 11 APA-negative of the 19 reevaluated patients persisted positive and negative, respectively. The reevaluation of GH secretion in these patients revealed the development of GHD in all but one of the APA-positive children but in none of the APA-negative ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGHD in children can be frequently associated with APA targeting GH-secreting cells; thus, the detection of APA in children with ISS could identify those prone to develop GHD.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Endocrinology, Second University of Naples, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. annamaria.debellis@unina2.it
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Bellis
authors.forename: Mariacarolina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coronella
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tirelli
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruocco
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bellastella
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bizzarro
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellastella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010215:Papio; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I