title: Effects of two forms of combined oral contraceptives on carbohydrate metabolism in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) containing cyproterone acetate or desogestrel on insulin sensitivity in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient gynecological clinic of Aretaieion University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism and six or less menses in the preceding 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were separated in two groups: group A (n = 18) received 0.15 mg of desogestrel plus 0.030 mg of ethinyl E2 daily; and group B (n = 18) received 2 mg of cyproterone acetate plus 0.035 mg of ethinyl E2 daily, for 21 days followed by a 7-day rest, for 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hirsutism score, lipid, androgen, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were evaluated at baseline. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed and metabolism indices, based on previously studied mathematical formulas, were assessed at baseline and at 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 months of treatment, the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance increased significantly in both groups. The fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio and predicted insulin sensitivity index decreased in group B. The delta of the area under the OGTT curve for insulin and predicted first and second phase insulin secretion indices increased significantly only in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that treatment of adolescent girls with PCOS with the two combined OCs administered, results in unfavorable changes of insulin sensitivity. In addition, cyproterone acetate is associated with an increase of insulin secretion and hyperinsulinemia.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, Athens University School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, Athens, Greece. mastorak@mail.kapatel.gr
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mastorakos
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koliopoulos
authors.forename: Efthymios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deligeoroglou
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Diamanti-Kandarakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Creatsas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000139:chemically induced; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D007328:Insulin; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D017135:Desogestrel