title: Follow-on biologics: competition in the biopharmaceutical marketplace.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the implications of a follow-on biologic approval process with focus on current stakeholders, implications of the status quo, and recommendations for future policy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search using Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Med Ad News, F-D-C Reports/Pink Sheets, and Google index directories was conducted with terms such as biologic, biopharmaceutical, generic, and follow-on.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles pertaining to the follow-on biologic debate.
  
  
  METHODS
  By the authors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over the past decade, the biopharmaceutical market has experienced substantial growth in the number of product approvals and sales. In contrast with prescription medications, biologic agents currently lack an abbreviated regulatory approval process. Evidence from the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 suggests that reducing barriers to generic competition in the pharmaceutical market successfully increases generic market penetration and reduces overall prices to consumers. Although scientific and regulatory dissimilarities between biopharmaceuticals and other medications exist, a follow-on biologic approval process has the potential to play an important role in containing growth in pharmaceutical spending. In addition to biopharmaceutical and generic biopharmaceutical manufacturers, stakeholders with a vested interest in this debate include individual consumers who continue to bear the burden of spending increases in the pharmaceutical market.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The debate over a follow-on process likely will be difficult as parties seek a balance between incentives for biopharmaceutical innovation, consumer safety, and affordability of existing biologic products.
authors.affiliation: Social & Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. divi0015@umn.edu
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cline
authors.forename: Joel F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Farley
mesh_terms: D001702:Biopharmaceutics / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends*; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000191:economics* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004465:Economic Competition; D006801:Humans; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D016568:Drugs, Generic