title: [Analysis of shape and retractability of the prepuce in 1,015 Chinese boys aged from 0 to 18 years old].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the characteristics of the preputial development in Chinese boys and indications as well as occasion of circumcision.
  
  
  METHODS
  The shape and retractability of prepuce were evaluated in 1,015 Chinese boys from 0 to 18 years old without heteroplasia of prepuce and penis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ratio of children with phimosis decreases progressively with increasing age, from 64.09% in the first group (0 approximately 3 years old) to 7.66% in the fourth group (11 approximately 18 years old).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phimosis and incomplete separation of the prepuce is normal in the neonate and infant. Prepuce will separate from the glans progressively till adolescence, so it's unnecessary to perform circumcision for them when without any complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdou, China. wangminghehuaxi@126.com
authors.forename: Ming-he
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng-xia
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ting-ze
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D000075202:Contraindications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010688:Phimosis / Q000473:pathology