title: Overexpression of the 14alpha-demethylase target gene (CYP51) mediates fungicide resistance in Blumeriella jaapii.
abstract: Sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are widely used to control fungi pathogenic to humans and plants. Resistance to DMIs is mediated either through alterations in the structure of the target enzyme CYP51 (encoding 14alpha-demethylase), through increased expression of the CYP51 gene, or through increased expression of efflux pumps. We found that CYP51 expression in DMI-resistant (DMI(R)) isolates of the cherry leaf spot pathogen Blumeriella jaapii was increased 5- to 12-fold compared to that in DMI-sensitive (DMI(S)) isolates. Analysis of sequences upstream of CYP51 in 59 DMI(R) isolates revealed that various forms of a truncated non-long terminal direct repeat long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposon were present in all instances. Similar inserts upstream of CYP51 were not present in any of 22 DMI(S) isolates examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, 103 Center for Integrated Plant Systems, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Tyre J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Proffer
authors.forename: Janette L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sundin
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000235:genetics*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D027861:Prunus / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C504383:fenbuconazole