title: Benjamin Franklin and shock-induced amnesia.
abstract: Shock-induced amnesia received considerable attention after Cerletti popularized electroconvulsive shock therapy in the late 1930s. Yet, often overlooked is the fact that Benjamin Franklin recognized that passing electricity through the head could affect memory for the traumatic event. Franklin described his findings on himself and others in several letters from the mid-1700s, 2 of which were published in his lifetime. What he observed was confirmed in 1783 by physician Jan Ingenhousz, who was one of his correspondents. Although Ingenhousz had lost his memory for his electrical accident and was confused immediately afterward, he felt strangely elated and unusually sharp the next morning. Hence, he called for clinical trials with patients with melancholia who were not responding to more conventional therapies. After Franklin received Ingenhousz's letter, he also called for clinical trials. Neither man, however, tied the possible new cure for melancholia to the memory loss--nor did the operators that began to treat some patients with melancholia successfully with cranial shocks. Only much later would the amnesia be thought to be associated with the cure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA. sfinger@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Finger
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaromb
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000266:history*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000266:history*; D005197:Famous Persons; D049671:History, 18th Century; D014481:United States