title: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Finnish Spitz dogs with focal epilepsy.
abstract: Eleven Finnish Spitz dogs with focal seizures and 3 healthy controls were evaluated. General clinical and neurological examinations, blood examination, urinalysis, cerebrospinal fluid examination, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed on all dogs. On EEG examination, focal epileptic activity was found in 7 of 11 dogs (64%), and generalized epileptic activity was observed in 4 of 11 dogs (36%). MRI (performed with 1.5 T equipment) detected changes in 1 epileptic dog. Mild contrast enhancement after gadolinium injection was identified in this dog's right parietal cortex. However, no such changes were observed in repeated magnetic resonance images. Special emphasis was given to seizure history to determine any correlations between seizure intervals and MRI findings. Our results indicate that Finnish Spitz dogs with focal seizures suffer from focal idiopathic epilepsy and have nondetectable findings on MRI or pathology. MRI showed poor sensitivity in detecting epileptogenic areas in our patients with focal seizures. Reversible MRI changes in 1 dog could have been caused by seizures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland. ranno.viitmaa@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viitmaa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cizinauskas
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bergamasco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuusela
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Teppo
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kivisaari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Snellman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male