title: [Ventilation of an unprotected airway: evaluation of a new peak-inspiratory-flow and airway-pressure-limiting bag-valve-mask].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Currently 30 chest compressions and 2 ventilations with an inspiratory time of 1 s are recommended during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with an unprotected airway, thus spending about 15% instead of 40% of resuscitation time on ventilation. Time could be gained for chest compressions when reducing inspiratory time from 2 s to 1 s, however, stomach inflation may increase as well.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an established bench model we evaluated the effect of reducing inspiratory time from 2 s to 1 s at different lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) levels using a novel peak inspiratory-flow and peak airway-pressure-limiting bag-valve-mask device (Smart-Bag).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reduction of inspiratory time from 2 s to 1 s resulted in significantly lower peak airway pressure with LOSP of 0.49 kPa (5 cm H2O), 0.98 kPa (10 cm H2O) and 1.47 kPa (15 cm H2O) and an increase with 1.96 kPa (20 cm H2O). Lung tidal volume was reduced with 1 s compared to 2 s. When reducing inspiratory time from 2 s to 1 s, stomach inflation occurred only at a LOSP of 0.49 kPa (5 cm H2O).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this model of a simulated unprotected airway, a reduction of inspiratory time from 2 s to 1 s using the Smart-Bag resulted in comparable inspiratory peak airway pressure and lower, but clinically comparable, lung tidal volume. Stomach inflation occurred only at a LOSP of 0.49 kPa (5 cm H2O), and was higher with an inspiratory time of 2 s vs 1 s.
authors.affiliation: Univ.-Klinik für Anaesthesie und Allgemeine Intensivmedizin, Medizinische Universität, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria. achim.von-goedecke@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Goedecke
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Voelckel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herff
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wenzel
mesh_terms: D000399:Air Pressure; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D011312:Pressure; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics