title: Cognitive functioning in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a six month longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe changes in cognition over six months in subjects with recently diagnosed sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a between-group and within-group longitudinal design. Nineteen ALS subjects and eight matched caregivers were recruited to participate in baseline neuropsychological assessments that were repeated six months later. Between group comparisons for these variables were undertaken at baseline and six months later. Within group/across time comparisons for these variables were carried out for both groups. Individual analyses for the neuropsychological variables using z scores were done for the ALS subjects using their baseline performance as the basis for comparison with their six month performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The between-group and within-group comparisons did not show significant differences in cognitive function over time. In individual analyses, however, seven of 19 ALS subjects (36.84%) developed abnormal neuropsychological performance over six months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early in the disease course, over one third of the ALS subjects developed cognitive deficits over six months. These findings support the hypothesis that cognitive deficits in ALS become more prominent over time.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Health System, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, 801 Spruce Street, 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. kerobi@pahosp.com
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grugan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glosser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: McCluskey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012016:Reference Values