Loneliness is a unique predictor of age-related differences in systolic blood pressure.
A population-based sample of Caucasians, African Americans, and Latino Americans, 50-68 years of age (M = 57.5), from Cook County, Illinois (N = 229), was tested to examine how loneliness and co-occurring psychosocial factors (depressive symptoms, perceived stress, social support, and hostility) were related to indices of cardiovascular and endocrine functioning. Extending prior research, the authors found that loneliness was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and age-related increases in SBP, net of demographic variables, health behavior variables, and the remaining psychosocial factors. Loneliness was not associated with differences in autonomic or endocrine functioning. Although the results are limited by the cross-sectional methods used, they are consistent with the hypothesis that cardiovascular disease contributes to increased morbidity and mortality among lonely individuals.
Hawkley
Louise C
LC
Chicago Center for Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, and Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5848 South University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. hawkley@uchicago.edu
Masi
Christopher M
CM
Berry
Jarett D
JD
Cacioppo
John T
JT
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D002395:Catecholamines; D003404:Creatinine