title: Transcriptional regulation of the human hepatic lipase (LIPC) gene promoter.
abstract: Hepatic lipase (HL) plays a key role in the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins, and its level of activity requires tight regulation, given the association of both low and high levels with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. However, little is known about the factors responsible for HL expression. Here, we report that the human hepatic lipase gene (LIPC) promoter is regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), apolipoprotein A-I regulatory protein-1 (ARP-1), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1alpha). Reporter analysis showed that HNF4alpha directly regulates the LIPC promoter via two newly identified direct repeat elements, DR1 and DR4. PGC-1alpha is capable of stimulating the HNF4alpha-dependent transactivation of the LIPC promoter. ARP-1 displaces HNF4alpha from the DR1 site and blocks its ability to activate the LIPC promoter. Induction by HNF1alpha requires the HNF1 binding site and upon cotransfection with HNF4alpha leads to an additive effect. In addition, the in vivo relevance of HNF4alpha in LIPC expression is shown by the ability of the HNF4alpha antagonist Medica 16 to repress endogenous LIPC mRNA expression. Furthermore, disruption of Hnf4alpha in mice prevents the expression of HL mRNA in liver. The overall effect these transcription factors have on HL expression will ultimately depend on the interplay between these various factors and their relative intracellular concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. lewarner@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rufibach
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battle
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Deeb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D019556:COS Cells; D051837:COUP Transcription Factor II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051837:COUP Transcription Factor II; D004247:DNA; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D051538:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-alpha; D051557:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4; D008049:Lipase; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C496592:HNF4A protein, human; C496593:Hnf4a protein, mouse; C504173:LIPC protein, human; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; C495700:Lipc protein, mouse; C095569:NR2F2 protein, human