Immunological factors and their role in the genesis and development of endometriosis.
The article presents an overview of immunological factors and their role in the genesis and development of endometriosis, with emphasis on inflammatory cytokines and growth and adhesion factors. Although retrograde menstruation is a common phenomenon among women of reproductive age, not all women with retrograde menstruation suffer the disease. Development of endometriosis seems to be a complex process, facilitated by several factors, including quantity and quality of endometrial cells in peritoneal fluid (PF), increased inflammatory activity in PF, increased endometrial-peritoneal adhesion and angiogenesis, reduced immune surveillance and clearance of endometrial cells, and increased production of autoantibodies against endometrial cells. Potential biomarkers like cytokines and autoantibodies, upregulated during development of endometriosis, seem useful in the development of a non-surgical diagnostic tool. In this review work, the immune role in endometriosis is examined through the role of immunological factors in the genesis and development of the disease. Furthermore, it could be concluded that, although endometriosis can be treated using hormonal suppression, there is a need today for non-hormonal drugs, probably to modulate immune function, in order to confront the disease and alleviate pain or infertility without inhibition of ovulation.
Siristatidis
Charalambos
C
Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens Medical School, Attikon Hospital, Athens, Greece. harrysiri@hotmail.com
Nissotakis
Christos
C
Chrelias
Charalambos
C
Iacovidou
Helen
H
Salamalekis
Emmanuel
E
D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000276:immunology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D007378:Interleukins; D020738:Leptin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases