title: Identification and characterization of genes induced for anthocyanin synthesis and chlorophyll degradation in regenerated torenia shoots using suppression subtractive hybridization, cDNA microarrays, and RNAi techniques.
abstract: Anthocyanin synthesis and chlorophyll degradation in regenerated torenia (Torenia fournieri Linden ex Fourn.) shoots induced by osmotic stress with 7% sucrose were examined to identify the genes regulating the underlying molecular mechanism. To achieve this, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed to enrich the cDNAs of genes induced in anthocyanin-synthesizing and chlorophyll-degrading regenerated shoots. The nucleotide sequences of 1,388 random cDNAs were determined, and these were used in the preparation of cDNA microarrays for high-throughput screening. From 1,056 cDNAs analyzed in the microarrays, 116 nonredundant genes were identified, which were up regulated by 7% sucrose to induce anthocyanin synthesis and chlorophyll degradation in regenerated shoots. Of these, eight genes were selected and RNAi transformants prepared, six of which exhibited anthocyanin synthesis inhibition and/or chlorophyll degradation in their leaf discs. Notably, the RNAi transformants of the glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator gene displayed inhibition both of anthocyanin synthesis and chlorophyll degradation in both leaf discs and regenerated shoots. There was also less accumulation of anthocyanin in the petals, and flowering time was shortened. The genes we identified as being up-regulated in the regenerated torenia shoots may help further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the induction of anthocyanin synthesis and chlorophyll degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Yozo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagira
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimanuki
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozeki
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D002734:Chlorophyll