title: Short report: cloning of the Babesia gibsoni cytochrome B gene and isolation of three single nucleotide polymorphisms from parasites present after atovaquone treatment.
abstract: We determined the nucleotide sequence of the Babesia gibsoni cytochrome b (cytb) gene. DNA was extracted from B. gibsoni isolated from Aomori Prefecture, Japan, and 1,288 basepairs of the cytb gene, including 1,071 basepairs of the open reading frame, were sequenced. The cytb gene of B. gibsoni obtained from three dogs that had been experimentally infected with B. gibsoni and treated with atovaquone was also sequenced. The B. gibsoni cytb gene obtained from all three atovaquone-treated dogs contained a single polymorphism resulting in an amino acid change in one of the putative ubiquinone-binding sites of Plasmodium falciparum. This polymorphism was homologous to mutations in other apicomplexan protozoa that exhibit resistance to atovaquone. Two other single polymorphisms were identified in parasites isolated from two of the dogs. These results indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the sequence for mitochondrial cytb gene may be associated with decreased susceptibility of Babesia species to atovaquone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine 1, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan. matsuu@umas.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuu
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikadai
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053626:Atovaquone; D001403:Babesia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D001483:Base Sequence; D003573:Cytochrome b Group / Q000235:genetics*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D004285:Dogs; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003573:Cytochrome b Group; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D053626:Atovaquone