title: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-positive TB patients in developing countries.
abstract: Despite provisional recommendations from the World Health Organization and UNAIDS that cotrimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis be offered to all individuals living with AIDS, including HIV-positive patients with TB, its routine use in developing countries particularly Africa has been minimal. Concerns were expressed regarding its effectiveness in areas of high bacterial resistance, that its widespread use might substantially increase bacterial cross-resistance in the community and that this intervention might promote resistance of malaria parasites to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine. We review the current evidence on the above concerns and highlight the main operational considerations related to implementing CTX prophylaxis as a basic component of care for HIV-positive TB patients in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Medecins sans Frontieres, Operational Research HIV-TB, Medical department, Brussels Operational Center, 68 Rue de Gaspench, L-1617 Luxemburg. zachariah@internet.lu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massaquoi
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination