title: T null and M null genotypes of the glutathione S-transferase gene are risk factor for CAD independent of smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of the deletion in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes with coronary artery disease (CAD) among smokers is controversial. In addition, no such investigation has previously been conducted among Arabs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We genotyped 1054 CAD patients and 762 controls for GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletion by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Both CAD and controls were Saudi Arabs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group (n = 762), 82.3% had the T wild M wildgenotype, 9% had the Twild M null, 2.4% had the Tnull M wild and 6.3% had the Tnull M null genotype. Among the CAD group (n = 1054), 29.5% had the Twild M wild genotype, 26.6% (p < .001) had the Twild M null, 8.3% (p < .001) had the Tnull M wild and 35.6% (p < .001) had the Tnull M null genotype, indicating a significant association of the Twild M null, Tnull M wild and Tnull M null genotypes with CAD. Univariate analysis also showed that smoking, age, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus, family history of CAD, hypertension and obesity are all associated with CAD, whereas gender and myocardial infarction are not. Binary logistic regression for smoking and genotypes indicated that only M null and Tnullare interacting with smoking. However, further subgroup analysis stratifying the data by smoking status suggested that genotype-smoking interactions have no effect on the development of CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GSTT1 and GSTM1 null-genotypes are risk factor for CAD independent of genotype-smoking interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (MBC - 03), P. O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. kamero@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: Khaled K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Abu-Amero
authors.forename: Olayan M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Al-Boudari
authors.forename: Gamal H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Nduna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dzimiri
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs / Q000235:genetics; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1