title: A series of surveys on assay for anti-A/B antibody by Japanese ABO-incompatible Transplantation Committee.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The measurement of anti-blood groups A and B antibody (Ab) titers is considered to be important in ABO-incompatible transplantation. However, no standard method for quantitative determination has yet been established in Japan. Inter-examiner variability was likely because Ab titer was determined mainly by visual observation. In order to assess inter-institutional variation in the measurement of anti-A/B Ab titer, a series of surveys was conducted by the Japanese ABO-incompatible Transplantation Committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2003, the first national survey was conducted. Serum samples from six healthy volunteers with blood groups A (n = 2), B (n = 2) and O (n = 2) were sent to 29 institutions and anti-A/B Ab titer was measured by their customary methods. Isohemagglutinin assay in serial-doubling dilutions of serum using a test tube was widely used in all institutions. Inter-institutional difference between maximum and minimum value reached as much as 32-fold in immunoglobulin M (IgM) and 256-fold in IgG. As detailed protocol for assay seemed to be different between institutions, we attempted to standardize the protocol based on the result of a questionnaire survey. In 2004, a second survey was conducted in the same manner as the previous one, except participation involved 38 institutions and the measurement was performed in a uniform way using a provisional standard protocol. Analysis of the survey revealed that intra-institutional variation was reduced to below eightfold, except that several institutions showed a large difference from the mean titer and required some guidance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A periodical quality control survey is considered necessary to improve the accuracy of measurement. Anti-A/B Ab titer would provide useful information towards the prediction of rejection and the indication of treatments such as (double filtration) plasmapheresis, splenectomy, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and intravenous immunoglobulin. Standardization of the assay for anti-A/B Ab titer is essential for the fulfillment of a precise multicenter study, which will elucidate the significance of the measurement of anti-A/B Ab titer.
authors.affiliation: Japanese ABO-incompatible Transplantation Committee, Niigata, Japan. takakoba@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology*; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000276:immunology*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M