title: Fate of the autograft and homograft following Ross aortic valve replacement: reoperative frequency, outcome, and management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal hemodynamic performance and potential for growth of the pulmonary autograft has led to expanded indications for the Ross aortic valve replacement (AVR) procedure in some centers. The authors' institutional mid-term experience was reviewed to assess autograft and homograft hemodynamics, growth profile of the autograft, and reoperative frequency following Ross AVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1993 and June 2005, 167 consecutive patients (mean age 24.9 +/- 15.5 years; range: 1 month to 61 years) underwent Ross AVR: 48% of patients were aged < 19 years. Additional procedures (n = 78) were performed in 55 patients (33%) at the time of the Ross procedure. In total, 151 patients had isolated aortic valve disease and 16 pediatric patients had more complex, multi-level left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were two early deaths (1.2%) and one late death (0.6%) over a mean follow up of 5.1 +/- 3.0 years (range: 1 month to 11 years). Actuarial survival at 10 years was 98%. In pediatric patients with Konno procedure (n = 16), the pulmonary autograft mean annulus diameter increased from 10.2 to 19.9 mm. Twelve patients underwent 12 reoperations without mortality for autograft insufficiency or an ascending aortic aneurysm at a median interval of 5 years (range: 2 to 8 years): aortic annuloplasty and ascending aorta replacement (n = 4), composite aortic root replacement (n = 7), and repair of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (n = 1). Freedom from replacement of the pulmonary autograft was 96% at 10 years. Five of the 164 surviving patients (3%) developed significant obstruction of the pulmonary homograft and required conduit replacement at a median of four years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ross AVR can be performed with good mid-term results, including the pediatric age group. The potential for development of significant autograft insufficiency and homograft stenosis warrants annual follow up through the intermediate and late terms.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, James W. Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5123, USA. jobrown@iupui.edu
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruzmetov
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rodefeld
authors.forename: Yousuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mahomed
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Turrentine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001021:Aortic Valve; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous