title: Performance on the PPVT-III and the EVT: applicability of the measures with African American and European American preschool children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether two vocabulary measures were appropriate for the evaluation of African American children and children whose mothers have low education levels, regardless of gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected for 210 high-risk, preschool children from a southeastern state in the United States on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--Third Edition (PPVT-III; L. M. Dunn & L.M. Dunn, 1997) and the Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT; K. T. Williams, 1997).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that African American children and children whose mothers had low education levels tended to score lower on both measures than did children from European American backgrounds and children whose mothers had a high school or higher education; however, this effect was larger for the PPVT-III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest that the EVT is a better indicator of a child's "vocabulary" skill, and that the PPVT-III has a greater tendency than the EVT to place African American children and children whose mothers have low education levels at risk for being unfairly identified as presenting with a potential language disorder. These data indicate that practitioners should use alternative assessment methods such as nonstandard and dynamic assessments to test children's vocabulary skill. In particular, if they use the PPVT-III, practitioners should take great caution in interpreting test results as evidence of a vocabulary problem in African American children and children whose mothers have low education levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, USA. laida.restrepo@asu.edu
authors.forename: María Adelaida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Restrepo
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Schwanenflugel
authors.forename: Jamilia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neuharth-Pritchett
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Hilary P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Ruston
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education; D011203:Poverty; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People