title: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt-signal pathway mediates proliferation and secretory function of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells in rats after partial hepatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of AKT signaling pathway in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) early after partial hepatectomy in rats and the regulatory mechanisms involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animal model of 70% hepatectomy was made. Hepatic SECs were isolated and cultured according to Braet et al.'s method with some modifications. The cultured hepatic SECs were divided into two groups: 70% partial hepatectomy groups and LY294002 group (LY). We observed the expressions of AKT and NF-kappaB in cultured hepatic SECs by Western blot, measured the levels of NO, NOs, IL-6, and HGF in the supernatants of hepatic SEC cultures and [3H]thymidine incorporation, and analyzed cell cycle of cultured hepatic SECs by flow cytometer. The relationship of the Akt pathway with secretions and proliferation of hepatic SECs after partial hepatectomy was probed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of Akt protein expression increased significantly after partial hepatectomy in OG group and with a peak at 24 h post operation. Meanwhile, there was a markedly increase in phosphorylated Akt protein during 2-72 h after operation. But the expression and activity of Akt protein did not change significantly after partial hepatectomy in the LY group. So, partial hepatectomy can marked induce Akt expression and result in rapid and marked phosphorylation of Akt from 2 to 72 h thereafter. The changes of NF-kappaB expression in cultured hepatic SECs were similar to those of Akt expression after operation. The concentrations of HGF and IL-6 in the supernatants of cultured hepatic SECs were relatively low in the LY group, and were markedly increased after partial hepatectomy, with a peak at 24 h in the OG group. There were significant differences between the OG and LY groups at 6 and 24 h (P < 0.05). Both NO and NOS secretion was increased in the OG group compared to the LY group within 24 h after partial hepatectomy. But the secretion of NO and NOS was increased more markedly in the LY group than that in the OG beyond 24 h. These findings suggest that the secretion of the cytokines by hepatic SECs is mediated by Akt signaling. Akt signaling pathway in relationship with proliferation of hepatic SECs and suppression of apoptosis. In OG group, the hepatic SECs in S and G2/M obviously increased. The proliferative index of hepatic SECs in OG group had significant differences with that in LY group at 6, 24, and 72 h, P < 0.05. Meanwhile, the cells of apoptosis in OG group were very low, and the cells in LY group gradually increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that AKT signaling pathway plays a crucial role in mediating proliferating and secreted signals in hepatic SECs. AKT has been suggested to play a pivotal role in early liver regeneration involved in the induction of secreted cytokines and proliferation of hepatic SECs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. chenping@263.net
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiming
authors.forename: Zhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shigang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hongtao
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yongwei
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiahong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014316:Tritium; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D013936:Thymidine