title: Cytochrome-c oxidase inhibition in 26 aluminum phosphide poisoned patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is used worldwide to fumigate grain. ALP poisoning, though reported from different parts of world, is most common in north, northwest and central India. In the presence of moisture, ALP liberates phosphine, which is highly toxic. The mechanism of action of phosphine is not known though experimental studies show that it inhibits cytochrome-c oxidase leading to inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated cytochrome-c oxidase activity in platelets of patients who had ingested ALP and compared them with those in healthy controls and in patients with shock due to other causes (cardiogenic shock, septic shock and hemorrhagic shock).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After analysis of variance using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann Whitney U test, significant inhibition of cytochrome-c oxidase activity could be found in ALP-poisoned patients compared to healthy controls (z = -5.513, p < 0.001) and in patients with shock due to other causes (z = -2.344; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in inhibition in those who survived ALP poisoning compared to those who died from ALP poisoning (t = 0.02768; p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though inhibition of cytochrome-c oxidase in platelets does not have prognostic value, it suggests that interruption of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as a result of cytochrome-c oxidase inhibition may lead to multi-organ dysfunction and therapeutic strategies to maintain enzyme activity may help in managing these patients.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. surjit51@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Surjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhalla
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Amarpreet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Kirandip
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000506:poisoning*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010720:Phosphines / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010720:Phosphines; C001864:aluminum phosphide; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV