title: Prostaglandin D2-mediated microglia/astrocyte interaction enhances astrogliosis and demyelination in twitcher.
abstract: Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is well known as a mediator of inflammation. Hematopoietic PGD synthase (HPGDS) is responsible for the production of PGD2 involved in inflammatory responses. Microglial activation and astrogliosis are commonly observed during neuroinflammation, including that which occurs during demyelination. Using the genetic demyelination mouse twitcher, a model of human Krabbe's disease, we discovered that activated microglia expressed HPGDS and activated astrocytes expressed the DP1 receptor for PGD2 in the brain of these mice. Cultured microglia actively produced PGD2 by the action of HPGDS. Cultured astrocytes expressed two types of PGD2 receptor, DP1 and DP2, and showed enhanced GFAP production after stimulation of either receptor with its respective agonist. These results suggest that PGD2 plays an important role in microglia/astrocyte interaction. We demonstrated that the blockade of the HPGDS/PGD2/DP signaling pathway using HPGDS- or DP1-null twitcher mice, and twitcher mice treated with an HPGDS inhibitor, HQL-79 (4-benzhydryloxy-1-[3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-propyl]piperidine), resulted in remarkable suppression of astrogliosis and demyelination, as well as a reduction in twitching and spasticity. Furthermore, we found that the degree of oligodendroglial apoptosis was also reduced in HPGDS-null and HQL-79-treated twitcher mice. These results suggest that PGD2 is the key neuroinflammatory molecule that heightens the pathological response to demyelination in twitcher mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Medicine (Pediatrics), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniike
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanekiyo
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aritake
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kushi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanaoka
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: Shuh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narumiya
authors.forename: Kinuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007965:Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015230:Prostaglandin D2