title: Macrophage uptake of ultra-small iron oxide particles for magnetic resonance imaging in experimental acute cardiac transplant rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discriminate between acutely rejecting and non-rejecting transplanted hearts using a blood pool contrast agent and T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a clinical 1.5T scanner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allogeneic and syngeneic heterotopic heart transplantations were performed in rats. One allogeneic and one syngeneic group each received either the ultra-small iron oxide particle (USPIO), at two different doses, or no contrast agent at all. MRI was performed on postoperative day 6. Immediately after the MR scanning, contrast agent was injected and a further MRI was done 24 h later. Change in T2* was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in change in T2* could be seen between rejecting and non-rejecting grafts in either of the doses, or in the control groups. There was a difference between the allogeneic group that received the higher contrast agent dose and the allogeneic group that did not receive any contrast agent at all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our rat model, measurements of T2* after myocardial macrophage uptake of AMI-227 in a clinical 1.5T scanner were not useful for the diagnosis of acute rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. eva.penno@radiol.uu.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Penno
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahlström
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D007501:Iron / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide