Modeling aggregate exposures to glycol ethers from use of commercial floor products.
Computer modeling of aggregate exposure provides the capability to estimate the range of doses that can occur from product use and to understand the relative importance of different routes of exposure. This paper presents an assessment of aggregate occupational exposure to two glycol ethers used as solvents in floor maintenance products for industrial and institutional facilities, using a simulation tool named PROMISE. Three commercial floor-care products were assumed to be applied in sequence--a floor stripper, then a floor cleaner, and lastly a protective coating. The glycol ethers modeled were ethylene glycol butyl ether (EGBE) in the floor stripper and in the floor cleaner, and dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPGME) in the coating. Modeling uncertainty was assessed through a comparison of the PROMISE inhalation exposure estimates with those from an independent model (MCCEM), and parameter uncertainty was investigated using PROMISE software's Monte Carlo simulation capabilities. Modeling results indicated that inhalation is the dominant exposure route. The predicted average air concentration and inhalation dose from PROMISE agreed with the second model (MCCEM) within 10%. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the upper end of the aggregate-dose distribution for the scenario was more than 50% higher than the value of the point estimate. The modeled 8-h TWA concentrations for EGBE and DPGME were lower than the corresponding permissible exposure limits American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLV) by at least a factor of 20, indicating that under the assumed conditions workplace exposures to glycol ethers are below levels of concern.
Koontz
Michael
M
GEOMET Technologies, LLC, Flag Pond, Tennessee, USA.
Price
Paul
P
Hamilton
John
J
Daggett
Daniel
D
Sielken
Robert
R
Bretzlaff
Robert
R
Tyler
Tipton
T
D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012997:Solvents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D020711:Threshold Limit Values; D035501:Uncertainty
D000393:Air Pollutants; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012997:Solvents; C042175:dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether; C017096:n-butoxyethanol