title: (131)I-chTNT-1/B mAb: tumour necrosis therapy for malignant astrocytic glioma.
abstract: Treatment of malignant glioma is therapeutically challenging. Despite improvements in neurosurgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, few patients diagnosed with anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) (WHO grades 3 and 4, respectively) will live beyond 2 years. Poor survival is due to the highly invasive nature and protected location of these tumours. Most malignant gliomas cannot be completely resected or irradiated due to their ability to infiltrate diffusely into normal brain tissue. Brain tissue is protected from the systemic circulation via the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which impedes entry of water-soluble chemotherapeutic agents into the tumour at therapeutic concentrations. (131)I-chTNT-1/B mAb (Cotara) employs an innovative strategy to treat the invasive portion of the tumour and the core lesion. (131)I-chTNT-1/B mAb is a genetically engineered, radiolabelled, chimeric monoclonal antibody specific for a universal intracellular antigen (i.e., DNA/histone H1 complex) exposed in the necrotic core of malignant gliomas. This antigen provides an abundant, insoluble, non-diffusible anchor for the mAb. Once localised to necrotic regions of the tumour, (131)I-chTNT-1/B mAb delivers a cytotoxic dose of (131)I radiation to the core lesion. (131)I-chTNT-1/B mAb is delivered via convection-enhanced delivery in order to maximise coverage to the tumour and the invasive front of the glial tumour. The clinical experience to date with (131)I-chTNT-1/B mAb is presented.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA. wshapiro@chw.edu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004247:DNA / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006657:Histones / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006657:Histones; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D004247:DNA