title: Performance of a prototype baited-trap in attracting and infecting the tick Amblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in field experiments.
abstract: Investigations were commenced to study the potential use of the fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and the attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone (AAAP) for the control of Ambloyomma variegatum as an environmentally friendly technology. The objective of the study was to develop and test a device, which could be used for pheromone and carbon dioxide delivery and infection of ticks with the fungi in an attempt to control the tick populations in the vegetation. Using a pheromone-baited device treated with the fungi mixture, 79% of the ticks released were attracted and exposed to the fungi and of these, 78% died during incubation in the laboratory. In another set of experiments, of the released ticks that were similarly exposed to fungi using the pheromone-baited device and left in the vegetation, 33.8% were recovered compared to recoveries of between 76 and 84% in the controls. These results were significantly different at the 5% level, an indication that the pheromone/fungi mixtures had significant effect in reducing the tick population in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya. bellamaranga@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Maranga
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassanali
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kaaya
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mueke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development*; D004367:Dry Ice; D005260:Female; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004367:Dry Ice; D010675:Pheromones