title: Results of implementation of the DigiScope for diabetic retinopathy assessment in the primary care environment.
abstract: Approximately 50% of patients with diabetes in the United States do not undergo recommended ocular evaluations for diabetic retinopathy. The DigiScope (EyeTel Imaging, Inc., Columbia, MD) was developed as a cost-effective and practical telemedicine digital imaging system to screen for diabetic retinopathy in the primary care physician's (PCP) office. The DigiScope has been validated against seven-field stereo color fundus photography for the detection of diabetic retinopathy. This study reports on the implementation of the DigiScope for diabetic retinopathy assessment in the primary care environment. In PCP's offices, patients with diabetes who had not undergone an eye examination in the past year were imaged with the DigiScope. The images were transmitted to a reading center where the need for referral to an ophthalmologist was determined. Nonurgent referral was recommended for patients with diabetic retinopathy greater than a few micro-aneurysms, other ocular pathology, or unreadable images. Referral was deemed "urgent" for patients with sight-threatening disease and evaluation by an ophthalmologist within 72 hours was recommended. Between October 1, 2002 and March 31, 2771 patients with diabetes underwent DigiScope imaging at multiple sites. Nonurgent referral was recommended for 468 patients (17%). Urgent referral was recommended for 71 patients (3%). The images were unreadable in 295 cases (11%). This study indicates that implementation of the DigiScope in the primary care setting is practical and allows screening of patients with diabetes who are otherwise not receiving recommended eye examinations.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Physics Laboratory, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. izimmerg@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zimmer-Galler
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeimer
mesh_terms: D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care; D017216:Telemedicine; D014481:United States