title: Dialysis dose (Kt/V) and clearance variation sensitivity using measurement of ultraviolet-absorbance (on-line), blood urea, dialysate urea and ionic dialysance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An on-line monitoring system for dialysis dose calculations could make it possible to provide an adequate dialysis dose that is consistently given to haemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to compare dialysis dose (Kt/V) using four different methods and their sensitiveness to a reduction in clearance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients were monitored on-line with ultraviolet (UV)-absorbance at a wavelength of 297 nm in three consecutive dialysis sessions during 1 week. During the last treatment, the clearance was reduced by approximately 25% by decreasing the blood flow. For the determination of UV-absorbance, a spectrophotometer was connected to the fluid outlet of the dialysis machine with all spent dialysate passing through a flow cuvette. The equilibrated Kt/V (eKt/V) estimated by UV-absorbance was compared with eKt/V from the ionic dialysance method using the on-line clearance monitor (OCM) and the appurtenant software dose-calculation tool DCTool (Fresenius Medical Care, Germany), eKt/V calculated from the dialysate-urea slope and with eKt/V from pre- and post-dialysis blood-urea samples as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study demonstrates that the sensitiveness to clearance reduction is similar in the four methods compared for eKt/V. When the different methods were compared, the mean eKt/V of UV-absorbance was 1.21 +/- 0.20, blood 1.30 +/- 0.21, dialysate 1.32 +/- 0.21 and OCM (using the DCTool) 1.31 +/- 0.21. The standard deviation was of the same magnitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UV-method gives a similar response to clearance reduction compared with the other methods when comparing dialysis dose. The high sampling rate by continuous monitoring of UV-absorbance allows evaluation of the clearance process during dialysis and gives immediate feedback to on-line adjustments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology University Hospital, Linköping, S-58185 Linköping, Sweden. Fredrik.Uhlin@lio.se
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Uhlin
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fridolin
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: Lars-Göran
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009862:Online Systems; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D012984:Software; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium