title: Visceral signals reach visual cortex during slow wave sleep: study in monkeys.
abstract: Propagation of signals from the gastro-intestinal system towards the occipital cortex within sleep-wake cycle was investigated in three monkeys used in the study of sleep impairment in a chronic MPTP model of parkinsonism. The monkeys differed in motor abilities and sleep structure. e animal (M1) was non-motor disabled and had no sleep alterations. The other two monkeys were severely motor affected, but one (M2) had normal sleep cycles; meanwhile, the other (M3) had no complete sleep cycles. To evaluate the level of sleep and to record cortical evoked responses screw electrodes were implanted over the occipital cortex. Two hours before overnight recordings, two hook electrodes were injected intraperitoneally (under light Ketanest anesthesia) and anchored in gut. Using these electrodes, electric stimulation was applied during slow wave sleep, and in wakefulness. Cortical evoked responses to intraperitoneal stimulation were found indeed during sleep in experiments with M1 and M2. These results show that also in primates with normal sleep pattern visceral information is transferred to the cerebral cortex during slow wave sleep.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bol'shoy Karetniy 19, 127994 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pigarev
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Almirall
authors.forename: Marina L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pigareva
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Bahillo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barcia
authors.forename: Maria Trinidad
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Herrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D014781:Viscera / Q000294:innervation / Q000528:radiation effects; D017833:Visceral Afferents / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology