title: Effects of typical and atypical antipsychotics on glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction is a significant side effect associated with antipsychotics. Although there are many studies about the linkages between drugs and metabolic dysfunction, most of these studies have compared the effects of two antipsychotics on only one metabolic measure: either glucose or lipid metabolism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to investigate the effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and sulpiride on glucose and lipid metabolism in first-episode schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twelve schizophrenics were assigned randomly to receive clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, or sulpiride for 8 weeks. Planned assessments included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, insulin resistance index (IRI), cholesterol, and triglyceride. All measures were collected at baseline and at the end of the 8-week treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment, insulin, C-peptide, and IRI were significantly increased in the four groups, but not fasting glucose levels. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased in the clozapine and olanzapine groups. Patients treated with clozapine and olanzapine had higher fasting insulin, C-peptide, and IRI levels than those treated with risperidone and sulpiride. Among the four antipsychotics, the increases of mean BMI from high to low were as follows: clozapine, olanzapine, sulpiride, and risperidone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed that the four antipsychotic drugs were associated with an increase of insulin, C-peptide, and IRI. It was found that clozapine and olanzapine were associated with an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The effects of clozapine and olanzapine on the glucose and lipid metabolism outweighed those of risperidone and sulpiride.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health of The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
authors.forename: Ren-Rong
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhe-Ning
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jin-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wen-Bing
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jing-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D000077152:Olanzapine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013469:Sulpiride / Q000009:adverse effects; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D013469:Sulpiride; D002784:Cholesterol; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine