title: Tyrosinase-catalyzed modification of Bombyx mori silk fibroin: grafting of chitosan under heterogeneous reaction conditions.
abstract: The capability of mushroom tyrosinase to catalyze the oxidation of tyrosine residues of Bombyx mori silk fibroin was studied under heterogeneous reaction conditions, by using a series of silk substrates differing in surface and bulk morphology and structure, i.e. hydrated and insoluble gels, mechanically generated powder and fibre. Tyrosinase was able to oxidize 10-11% of the tyrosine residues of silk gels. The yield of the reaction was very low for the powder and undetectable for fibres. FT-Raman spectroscopy gave evidence of the oxidation reaction. New bands attributable to vibrations of oxidized tyrosine species (o-quinone) appeared, and the value of the I853/I829 intensity ratio of the tyrosine doublet changed following oxidation of tyrosine. The thermal behaviour of SF substrates was not affected by enzymatic oxidation. o-Quinones formed by tyrosinase onto gels and powder were able to undergo non-enzymatic coupling with chitosan. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopy provided clear evidence of the formation of silk-chitosan bioconjugates under heterogeneous reaction conditions. Chitosan grafting caused a beta-sheet --> random coil conformational transition of silk fibroin and significant changes in the thermal behaviour. Chitosan grafting did not occur, or occurred at an undetectable level on silk fibres. The results reported in this study show the potential of the enzymatically initiated protein-polysaccharide grafting for the production of a new range of bio-based, environmentally friendly polymers.
authors.affiliation: Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, via Giuseppe Colombo 83, Milano, Italy. freddi@ssiseta.it
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Freddi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anghileri
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchert
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taddei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D012831:Bombyx / Q000378:metabolism*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005349:Fibroins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D047011:Silk; D005349:Fibroins; D048271:Chitosan; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase