title: Load-fatigue performance of gold crowns luted with resin cements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resin cements have gained popularity over the past few years because of their improved physical properties. There is a need to test these cements under fatigue loading, as there is growing recognition that fatigue testing is more clinically relevant than traditional monotonic static tests.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the load-fatigue performance of complete gold crowns cemented with 4 types of resin cement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four resin cements (C & B Opaque [CBO], Calibra Esthetic [CE], RelyX Unicem [RU], and Panavia F [PF]) and a control, zinc phosphate cement (HY-Bond [HBZPC]) were tested. Fifty human maxillary premolars were prepared to an occluso-cervical dimension of 4 mm and a convergence angle of 20 degrees. Complete gold crowns were cast (Strator 3) and cemented with 1 of the 5 cements (n=10). A fatigue load of 73.5 N was applied at an angle of 135 degrees to the long axis of each tooth-crown specimen. Preliminary failure was defined as the propagation of a crack in or around the crown luting cement layer. The number of cycles to preliminary failure and the cement failure location were determined. Significant differences in cycles to preliminary failure were assessed by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with follow-up Mann-Whitney tests (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group CE had the highest rank of cycles to preliminary failure, while HBZPC had the lowest cycles to preliminary failure. Group CE had a significantly higher failure cycle count compared to PF (P=.016), RU (P=.001), and HBZPC (P<.001), but was not significantly different from CBO (P=.112). There was no significant difference in the failure cycle count between RU and HBZPC (P=.070).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all tested resin cements had a superior fatigue life when compared with zinc phosphate cement. Of the 4 resin cement groups, Groups CE, CBO, and PF were significantly superior to HBZPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore. rsdujn@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Joanne Ngo
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Uy
authors.forename: Jennifer Neo Chiew
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Jack Ivan
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: Keson Beng-Choon
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements