Highlights in opioid agonists and antagonists.
This review highlights new insights in to opioid agonists and antagonists, focusing on their mechanism of action with spinal and systemic administration, chronic use and main adverse effects. Short-cuts on some opioid agonists and antagonists of clinical interest are also presented, revealing potential clinical implications and future clinical directions as part of multimodal analgesia.
Lauretti
Gabriela Rocha
GR
University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão, Preto-rua Campos Sales, 330, apto 44 Ribeirâo Preto, São Paulo 15015-110, Brazil. grlauret@fmrp.usp.br
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists*
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011957:Receptors, Opioid