title: [Microcystin-LR induces apoptosis in L-02 cell line].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the toxicological mechanism of microcystin-LR (MCLR) on L-02 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  L-02 cells was treated with MCLR at different concentrations and the subsequent changes such as cell proliferation (MTT assay), morphology, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, apoptosis rate and apoptosis-related gene expression were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTT assay showed that MCLR mildly inhibited the cell growth within the initial 24 h of treatment but enhanced the cell viability after that till 60 h in a time- and dose-dependent manner. LDH leakage underwent no marked changes in response to 48-hour MCLR treatment but increased upon prolonged treatment for 60 h, indicating the presence of oxidative damage. After a 48-h treatment with MCLR at 50 microg/ml, obvious apoptosis of L-02 cells occurred as manifested by cell rounding, detachment from the substrate, cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing. The apoptosis rates were rather low (between 22% and 29%) after treatment with MCLR at different concentrations for 36 h, and increased to as much as 80% after a 60-h treatment with 50 microg/ml MCLR. The expressions of p53 and bcl-2 increased in the cells after treatment with high-concentration MCLR, suggesting that MCLR up-regulated the expression levels of the two proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCLR can induce apoptosis and up-regulate p53 and bcl-2 expressions in human normal liver cell line L-02.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: La-mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Li-rong
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Bo-ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000633:toxicity*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C057862:cyanoginosin LR