Mucosal tolerance to E-selectin and response to systemic inflammation.
Mucosal tolerance to E-selectin has been shown to prevent stroke and reduce brain infarcts in experimental stroke models. However, the effective E-selectin dose range required to achieve mucosal tolerance and the precise mechanisms of neuroprotection remain unclear. We sought to examine the mechanisms of cytoprotection using gene expression profiling of tissues in the setting of mucosal tolerance and inflammatory challenge. Using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), we achieved immune tolerance with 0.1 to 5 microg E-selectin per nasal instillation and observed a dose-related anti-E-selectin immunoglobulin G antibody production. We also show the distinct patterns of gene expression changes in the brain and spleen with the different tolerizing doses and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Prominent differences were seen with such genes as insulin-like growth factors in the brain and downregulation of those encoding the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules in the spleen. In all, mucosal tolerance to E-selectin and subsequent exposure to LPS resulted in significant tissue changes. These changes, while giving an insight to the underlying mechanisms, serve as possible targets for future studies to facilitate translation to human clinical trials.
Illoh
Kachi
K
Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. kachikwu.illoh@uth.tmc.edu
Campbell
Catherine
C
Illoh
Orieji
O
Diehl
John
J
Cherry
James
J
Elkhaloun
Abdel
A
Chen
Yong
Y
Hallenbeck
John
J
D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism
D019040:E-Selectin; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides