title: Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid cells and their differentiation potential.
abstract: The main goal of the study was to identify a novel source of human multipotent cells, overcoming ethical issues involved in embryonic stem cell research and the limited availability of most adult stem cells. Amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnosis and can be expanded in vitro; nevertheless current knowledge about their origin and properties is limited. Twenty samples of AFCs were exposed in culture to adipogenic, osteogenic, neurogenic and myogenic media. Differentiation was evaluated using immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Before treatments, AFCs showed heterogeneous morphologies. They were negative for MyoD, Myf-5, MRF4, Myogenin and Desmin but positive for osteocalcin, PPARgamma2, GAP43, NSE, Nestin, MAP2, GFAP and beta tubulin III by RT-PCR. The cells expressed Oct-4, Rex-1 and Runx-1, which characterize the undifferentiated stem cell state. By immunocytochemistry they expressed neural-glial proteins, mesenchymal and epithelial markers. After culture, AFCs differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts when the predominant cellular component was fibroblastic. Early and late neuronal antigens were still present after 2 week culture in neural specific media even if no neuronal morphologies were detectable. Our results provide evidence that human amniotic fluid contains progenitor cells with multi-lineage potential showing stem and tissue-specific gene/protein presence for several lineages.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Matarelli, 20121 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bossolasco
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Montemurro
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cova
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zangrossi
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calzarossa
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buiatiotis
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soligo
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bosari
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silani
authors.forename: Giorgio Lambertenghi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Deliliers
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rebulla
authors.forename: Lorenza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lazzari
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D024510:Muscle Development; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger