Homelessness and mental illness: a literature review and a qualitative study of perceptions of the adequacy of care.
BACKGROUND
Homelessness and mental illness together confer significant morbidity and mortality because of physical health problems. Healthcare provision is undergoing significant review, and, as part of the Department of Health's policy reforms, the service user's view is central to the future restructuring of NHS services.


METHODS
A literature review of homeless service users' perceptions of services for homeless mentally ill people was supplemented by a qualitative in-depth survey of 10 homeless people. This article reports on their views about the services they receive. Mismatch between expectations and provision, disputes with healthcare providers, dissatisfaction with the degree to which they have choice in their care, and suspicions about the intentions of health professionals demonstrate the extent to which powerlessness and social exclusion are replicated in healthcare economies. The inadequacy of hostels and their staff are also emphasised, with some recommendations for services.


CONCLUSIONS
There are few data on homeless people's perceptions of services for mental health problems. Homeless people have strong views about the adequacy of services to meet their needs. They were particularly concerned about stigma, prejudice and the inadequacy and complexity of services that they have to use. This article reports their recommendations for change.
Bhui
Kamaldeep
K
Institute of Community Health Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London. k.s.bhui@qmul.ac.uk
Shanahan
Lisa
L
Harding
Geoff
G
D001294:Attitude to Health; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*