title: Cart overexpression is the only identifiable cause of high bone mass in melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.
abstract: The neural regulation of bone remodeling has proven to be increasingly complex at the molecular level because it involves both positive and negative mediators of bone formation and resorption. One of the mediators expressed in hypothalamic neurons that leptin uses to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and thereby bone resorption is cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). CART expression in the hypothalamus is increased in mice lacking melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r(-/-) mice). Moreover, we show here that humans or mice lacking only one allele of Mc4r display a decrease in bone resorption parameters, high bone mass, and an increase in CART serum levels and/or hypothalamic expression. To demonstrate that the Cart overexpression is the only identifiable cause for the high bone mass observed upon Mc4r inactivation, we removed one allele of Cart from mice either heterozygous or homozygous for Mc4r inactivation. This manipulation sufficed to either significantly improve or normalize bone resorption parameters, without improving the energy metabolism disturbance that characterizes Mc4r-deficient mice. These results identify CART signaling as the main if not only molecular pathway accounting for the decrease in bone resorption leading to high bone mass in mice and humans deficient in Mc4r. As importantly, they also indicate that CART regulates bone resorption independently of the role it may exert in energy metabolism, suggesting that the neural control of appetite and bone remodeling are independent of each other.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, One Baylor Plaza, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jong Deok
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dubern
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lubrano-Berthelier
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clement
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karsenty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001862:Bone Resorption; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D044105:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein