title: [Clinical efficiency and the influence of human factors on ear, nose, and throat navigation systems].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the Navibase navigation system for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. A new methodology for evaluating surgical and human factors is developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The evaluation is based on 102 ENT surgical applications, including 89 cases of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The evaluation of surgical and human factors was performed by seven ENT surgeons. To evaluate surgical performance, level of quality (LOQ) in the 89 cases of FESS was determined, comparing the surgeon's own impressions with those of the navigation system on a scale from 0 to 100 and further comparing them with clinical results. Intraoperative changes in surgical strategy were documented. The human factors of total confidence (trust), situation awareness, skill set requirement and workload shift were recorded as level of reliance (LOR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum deviation amounted to 1.93 mm. Averaging the quality of information resulted in an LOQ of 63.59. Every second application of the navigation system (47.9%) led to a change in surgical strategy. Total confidence showed a positive evaluation of 3.35 points in LOR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application-relevant information relevant to the application beyond only technical details permits comparison with other assisting systems.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Heilkunde/Plastische Operationen, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig. Gero.Strauss@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koulechov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Röttger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bahner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trantakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Korb
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Burgert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meixensberger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manzey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lüth
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome