title: Hypersersensitivity and Kounis syndrome due to a viper bite.
abstract: A 60-year-old male was bitten by a venomous snake (Vipera ammodytes) and gradually developed signs of an allergic reaction including generalized itching, generalized rash, and chest discomfort. This was followed by severe retrosternal pain with electrocardiographic evidence of an inferior myocardial ischemia progressing to acute myocardial infarction. Cardiac enzymes and troponin, serum tryptase, and histamine were elevated. Coronary arteriography showed normal coronary arteries. This is a characteristic type I variant of Kounis syndrome, which is the concurrence of acute coronary syndromes with conditions associated with mast cell activation including allergic or hypersensitivity reactions as well as anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions. This is the first report to show that viper bites can induce allergic angina and/or allergic myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, "Saint Andrews" State General Hospital, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frangides
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kouni
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niarchos
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koutsojannis