title: Identification of trypsin I as a candidate for influenza A virus and Sendai virus envelope glycoprotein processing protease in rat brain.
abstract: Extracellular cleavage of virus envelope fusion glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA0) by host trypsin-like proteases is a prerequisite for the infectivity and pathogenicity of human influenza A viruses and Sendai virus. The common epidemic influenza A viruses are pneumotropic, but occasionally cause encephalopathy or encephalitis, although the HA0 processing enzyme in the brain has not been identified. In searching for the brain processing proteases, we identified a processing enzyme in rat brain that was inducible by infection with these viruses. The purified enzyme exhibited an apparent molecular mass of approximately 22 kDa on SDS-PAGE and the N-terminal amino acid sequence was consistent with that of rat pancreatic trypsin I. Its substrate specificities and inhibition profiles were the same as those of pancreatic trypsin I. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies on trypsin I distribution revealed heavy deposits in the brain capillaries, particularly in the allocortex, as well as in clustered neuronal cells of the hippocampus. The purified enzyme efficiently processed the HA0 of human influenza A virus and the fusion glycoprotein precursor of Sendai virus. Our results suggest that trypsin I in the brain potentiates virus multiplication in the pathogenesis and progression of influenza-associated encephalopathy or encephalitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Trong Quang
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Yuushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kido
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009980:Influenza A virus; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D029082:Sendai virus; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D006389:Hemagglutinins, Viral; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014357:Trypsin