[Unexplained physical symptoms: a widespread problem but still low-profile in training programs and guidelines].
Unexplained physical symptoms or functional somatic syndromes that cannot be explained in terms of a defined medical disease are common. If persistent, they can cause significant distress and disability, and lead to absenteeism and social isolation as well as major health-care costs. Unexplained physical symptoms form a spectrum from transient unexplained mild physical symptoms to chronic severe somatoform disorders. Various functional somatic syndromes overlap one another substantially in symptomatology and are often resistant to conventional medical therapy. The 'Vereniging Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde' (Dutch Journal of Medicine Association) recently held a special conference on unexplained physical symptoms. The conclusions were: (a) patients are reluctant to accept the diagnosis of unexplained physical symptoms, because physicians do not have sufficient knowledge, expertise, and skill to diagnose and treat them, (b) patients with unexplained physical symptoms do not necessarily need to be treated by a psychiatrist except in cases of chronic and serious somatoform disorder. Patients with unexplained physical symptoms, who often have multiple and complex problems, are best treated by a team of physicians and allied paramedical professionals; (c) patients with unexplained physical symptoms can be treated effectively by specialists using cognitive behaviour therapy. Different cognitive models are available; the 're-attribution model' focuses on the re-establishment of a liveable life, while 'the consequence model' is directed at reducing the consequences of the unexplained physical symptoms. Management using the attribution model may be followed up by the consequence model approach; (d) the development of a practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with both acute and chronic unexplained physical symptoms would improve the quality of patient care, reduce disability, increase the possibility of reintegration, and stimulate scientific research; (e) both theoretical and practical training in the diagnosing and managing of unexplained physical symptoms is inadequate in both university curriculums and postgraduate training programmes for medical specialists. Scientific research for the development of an evidence-based practice guideline is urgently needed.
van der Mast
R C
RC
Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, afd. Psychiatrie, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden. r.c.van_der_mast@lumc.nl
D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*