title: Effect of telithromycin and azithromycin on nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the efficacy of the ketolide telithromycin compared with azithromycin in eradicating S pneumoniae from the nasopharynx of adults with acute maxillary sinusitis. The growing resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and macrolides brought about the development of a new class of antibiotics-the ketolides-that are effective against resistant pneumococci.
  
  
  METHODS
  Otolaryngology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred five patients with acute maxillary sinusitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained before therapy and 10 to 12 days after initiation of treatment. Fifty-nine patients were treated with 500 mg of azithromycin daily for 3 days and 46 were treated with 800 mg of telithromycin daily for 5 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven potential pathogens were recovered prior to initiation of therapy in 57 patients, 32 treated with telithromycin and 25 treated with azithromycin: S pneumoniae (31 isolates), Haemophilus influenzae (non-type b) (13), Staphylococcus aureus (8), Streptococcus pyogenes (8), and Moraxella catarrhalis (7). The distribution of the pathogens was similar in both groups. The number of S pneumoniae isolates in the azithromycin group was reduced following treatment from 14 to 8 (43% reduction), and 5 of these 8 isolates were resistant to azithromycin. In contrast, the number of S pneumoniae isolates in the telithromycin group was reduced following treatment from 17 to 1 (94% reduction) (P < .01). This isolate was susceptible to azithromycin and telithromycin. No differences were noted in the eradication rate of all of the other potential pathogens, which were all susceptible to both azithromycin and telithromycin. Development of resistance to the antimicrobial agents used (defined as increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration by at least 2 tubes) was found only in 5 isolates (4 S pneumoniae and 1 H influenzae) recovered only from patients who received azithromycin (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data illustrate the superiority of telithromycin to azithromycin in the eradication of S pneumoniae from the nasopharynx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. ib6@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hausfeld
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048628:Ketolides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D048628:Ketolides; D017963:Azithromycin; C106791:telithromycin