title: [Titanium oxide ceramic as an implantation material in otosurgery: animal experimental results and surgical technique].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the experimental animal study to evaluate a new ossicular chain replacement prosthesis, we developed a new technique for surgical implantation into the middle ear of rabbits. The selection of the species was based on its similarity to human middle ear anatomy and the favored, standardized, microsurgical approach to the middle ear cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the study we included a total of 34 approximately 6-month-old female white rabbits (New Zealand) with a weight of 3.2 to 4.4 kg. The implants used were constructed of ceramic materials TiO(2) (titania) with different pore size. Directly before the implantation of the TORPs, as well as at 28, 84 and 300 days after implantation, electric response audiometry was used to determine the hearing thresholds of the animals (bone conduction click stimulus nHL). The Erbium Yag-Laser was used to cut out the originally ossicular chain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After implantation we could not detect any stenosis of the outer ear canal or perforation of the tympanic membrane. The conductive hearing threshold was in the range of 4.21 +/- 6.68 dB nHL (n = 131). The hearing level showed no significant difference before and after surgery (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laser surgery is a very safe procedure for prosthesis implantation in the middle ear of rabbits..
authors.affiliation: Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover. stieve.martin@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stieve
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001299:Audiometry; D001844:Bone Conduction; D002516:Ceramics; D005260:Female; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008866:Microsurgery; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D019933:Ossicular Replacement; D011817:Rabbits; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium