title: Measurement of tooth extraction forces in upper incisors.
abstract: A new method, applied for the first time in this research, was used for measurement of tooth extraction forces. The research has been done in a group of 50 examinees to whom the tooth extraction has been done with lower premolar forceps - forceps "13" and in the control group of 54 examinees in whom the tooth extraction has been done with upper incisive forceps - forceps "1". The measurement instrument registered the extraction forces values in both types of forceps. There was no difference in any parameters in these two groups except in used pressure. While using the forceps "13", a significantly lower tooth extraction force was measured than the force measured while using the forceps "1" (p < 0.001). This means that in clinical work we can already apply noticeably less force using the lower premolar forceps for the extraction of the upper incisors (in the moments of rotation up to 70%). These results are meaningful, because they lead to better and improved instrument solutions and working techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia. vladimir.ahel1@ri.htnet.hr
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ahel
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brekalo
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahel
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brumini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000379:methods*