title: Placenta growth factor overexpression inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by depleting vascular endothelial growth factor homodimers in orthotopic mouse models.
abstract: The role of placenta growth factor (PlGF) in pathologic angiogenesis is controversial. The effects of PlGF on growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis from orthotopic tumors are not known. To this end, we stably transfected three human cancer cell lines (A549 lung, HCT116 colon, and U87-MG glioblastoma) with human plgf-2 full-length cDNA. Overexpression of PlGF did not affect tumor cell proliferation or migration in vitro. The growth of PlGF-overexpressing tumors grown orthotopically or ectopically was impaired in all three tumor models. This decrease in tumor growth correlated with a decrease in tumor angiogenesis. The PlGF-overexpressing tumors had decreased vessel density and increased vessel diameter, but vessel permeability was not different from the parental tumors. Tumors overexpressing PlGF exhibited higher levels of PlGF homodimers and PlGF/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) heterodimers but decreased levels of VEGF homodimers. Our study shows that PlGF overexpression decreases VEGF homodimer formation and inhibits tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. lei@steele.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Ricky T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fukumura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019281:Dimerization; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C000608036:PGF protein, human; C000608037:Pgf protein, mouse; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor