title: Comparison of anastrozole versus tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: the Pre-Operative "Arimidex" Compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Pre-Operative "Arimidex" Compared to Tamoxifen (PROACT) study was a randomized, multicenter study comparing anastrozole with tamoxifen as a preoperative treatment of postmenopausal women with large, operable (T2/3, N0-2, M0), or potentially operable (T4b, N0-2, M0) breast cancer. The effect of preoperative endocrine therapy in patients scheduled for mastectomy or with inoperable tumors at baseline was also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer received anastrozole (n = 228) or tamoxifen (n = 223) with or without chemotherapy for 12 weeks before primary surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Objective responses for anastrozole and tamoxifen occurred in 39.5% and 35.4% of patients, respectively (ultrasound measurements), and 50.0% and 46.2% of patients, respectively (caliper measurements). In hormonal therapy-only patients (n = 314), feasible surgery at baseline improved after 3 months in 43.0% of patients receiving anastrozole and 30.8% receiving tamoxifen (P = .04). In the intent-to-treat population, improvement in feasible surgery at baseline to actual surgery at 3 months was found to be numerically higher in the anastrozole group compared with the tamoxifen group, although this difference did not reach significance. Drug-related adverse events were reported in 20.2% and 18.1% of patients, respectively, in the anastrozole and tamoxifen groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anastrozole is an effective and well-tolerated preoperative therapy, producing clinically beneficial tumor downstaging and reductions in tumor volume. These effects enable more minimal surgical interventions in patients scheduled for mastectomy, and mastectomy in patients with previously inoperable tumors. Anastrozole appears to be at least as effective as tamoxifen in this setting, and more effective than tamoxifen in certain clinically relevant subgroups. Cancer 2006. (c) 2006 American Cancer Society.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Chirurgica 1, University degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cataliotti
authors.forename: Aman U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Buzdar
authors.forename: Shinzaburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bines
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takatsuka
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petrakova
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: Celia Tosello
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000077384:Anastrozole; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017698:Postmenopause; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014230:Triazoles; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000077384:Anastrozole