title: Pro-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of atractylenolide I in human promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells.
abstract: The dried rhizome of Bai Zhu (Atractylodes ovata) is widely used as a Chinese herbal medicine. Two sesquiterpenolides of similar structures (atractylenolide I, AT-I; atractylenolide III, AT-III) were isolated from dried rhizome of Atractylodes ovata. Incubation of AT-I with recombinant human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (rhCu,Zn-SOD) resulted in rhCu,Zn-SOD fragmentations and Zn releases. However, these were not observed in the AT-III reaction. The AT-1 showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activities (7.5, 15, and 30 microg/ml) on the human promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells while AT-III did not, and the IC50 of the former being 10.6 microg/ml (corresponding to 46 microM) on 12 h-treated cells. The results of DNA ladder and DNA contents in sub-G1 type revealed that AT-I induced apoptosis in human promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells. The cytotoxic and pharmacological mechanisms of AT-I against human promyeloleukemic HL-60 cells was investigated. The AT-I appeared to exhibit both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties after an ESR spectrometer was used to detect hydroxyl radical productions in vitro and flow cytometry to detect intracellular ROS productions in AT-I treated cells. The AT-1 also showed dose-dependent Cu,Zn-SOD inhibitory activity in HL-60 cells treated for 12 h, confirmed by activity and immune stainings. However, catalase, Mn-SOD, and glutathione peroxidase did not apparently change activities under the same treatments. The addition of commercial rhCu,Zn-SOD (25-100 U/mL) to the AT-I-treated HL-60 cells (15 microg/ml) resulted in significant differences (p<0.01) and could reduce the AT-I cytotoxicity from 78% to 28% on HL-60 cells. It was proposed that the AT-I might work via Cu,Zn-SOD inhibition in HL-60 cells to induce apoptosis and bring about cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Chiung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shyr-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Huey-Chuan
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007501:Iron; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C045076:Fenton's reagent; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007783:Lactones; D010545:Peroxides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C424804:atractylenolide I; C424802:atractylenolide III; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015032:Zinc