Seasonal variability in spontaneous cervical artery dissection.
We examined the seasonal variability of spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) by analysing prospectively collected data from 352 patients with 380 sCAD (361 symptomatic sCAD; 305 carotid and 75 vertebral artery dissections) admitted to two university hospitals with a catchment area of 2,200,000 inhabitants between 1985 and 2004. Presenting symptoms and signs of the 380 sCAD were ischaemic stroke in 241 (63%), transient ischaemic attack in 40 (11%), retinal ischemia in seven (2%), and non-ischaemic in 73 (19%) cases; 19 (5%) were asymptomatic sCAD. A seasonal pattern, with higher frequency of sCAD in winter (31.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 26.5 to 36.4; p=0.021) compared to spring (25.5%; 95% CI: 21.1 to 30.3), summer (23.5%; 95% CI: 19.3 to 28.3), and autumn (19.7%; 95% CI: 15.7 to 24.1) was observed. Although the cause of seasonality in sCAD is unclear, the winter peaks of infection, hypertension, and aortic dissection suggest common underlying mechanisms.
Paciaroni
M
M
Stroke Unit, University Hospital Perugia, Italy.
Georgiadis
D
D
Arnold
M
M
Gandjour
J
J
Keseru
B
B
Fahrni
G
G
Caso
V
V
Baumgartner
R W
RW
D000328:Adult; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000453:epidemiology; D001014:Aortic Aneurysm / Q000453:epidemiology; D020215:Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013557:Switzerland; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D020217:Vertebral Artery Dissection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology