title: High prevalence of hepatitis C virus but not HIV co-infection among patients with tuberculosis in Georgia.
abstract: METHODS
  Tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have emerged as major public health problems in former Soviet republics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and risk factors for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HCV co-infection among patients with TB in Georgia, a cross-sectional study was carried out at hospitals in four Georgian cities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 272 hospitalized patients with TB, 61 (22%) were found to be HCV-seropositive and three (1%) were HIV-seropositive. The median age of those with TB was 35 years (range 18-74 years); 74% were male. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for HCV co-infection included previous incarceration (OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.9-10.8), history of receiving a tattoo (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.2-5.7), previous diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (OR 7.2, 95%CI 1.4-37.8), and age 26-45 years (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.0-4.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV co-infection was common among hospitalized patients with TB in Georgia. Incarceration and receiving a tattoo, a common practice among inmates in Georgian and former Soviet correctional facilities, were important independent risk factors associated with HCV infection among those with TB. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of the high prevalence of HCV co-infection on treatment outcomes, including tolerability and risk of anti-tuberculosis drug induced hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikiashvili
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parris
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kourbatova
authors.forename: J C E
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shubladze
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsertvadze
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khechinashvili
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: del Rio
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Blumberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005846:Georgia (Republic) / Q000453:epidemiology; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies