title: Differentiating among prefrontal substrates in psychopathy: neuropsychological test findings.
abstract: Frontal lobe and consequent executive dysfunction have long been related to psychopathy. More recently, there have been suggestions that specific regions of frontal cortex, rather than all of frontal cortex, may be implicated in psychopathy. To examine this issue, the authors presented 25 individuals with psychopathy and 30 comparison individuals with measures preferentially indexing the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; object alternation task), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC; spatial alternation task), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; number-Stroop reading and counting tasks). The individuals with psychopathy showed significant impairment on the measure preferentially sensitive to OFC functioning. In contrast, the 2 groups did not show impairment on the measures preferentially sensitive to the functioning of the DLPFC or ACC. These results are interpreted with reference to executive dysfunction accounts of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health.
authors.forename: D G V
authors.initials: DGV
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Richell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Her Majesty's Prison Wormwood Scrubs.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Her Majesty's Prison Wormwood Scrubs.
authors.forename: R J R
authors.initials: RJR
authors.lastname: Blair
mesh_terms: D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011329:Prisoners; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011599:Psychopathology / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011932:Reading; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic