title: Expectant care versus surgical treatment for miscarriage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Miscarriage is a common complication of early pregnancy that can have both medical and psychological consequences like depression and anxiety. The need for routine surgical evacuation with miscarriage has been questioned because of potential complications such as cervical trauma, uterine perforation, hemorrhage, or infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the safety and effectiveness of expectant management versus surgical treatment for early pregnancy loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (December 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2004, Issue 3), PubMed (1966 to March 2005), POPLINE (inception to March 2005), and LILACS (1982 to March 2005) and reference lists of reviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trials comparing expectant care and surgical treatment (vacuum aspiration or dilation and curettage (D & C)) for miscarriage were eligible for inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five trials were included in this review with 689 total participants. The expectant-care group was more likely to have an incomplete miscarriage (RR 5.37; 95% CI 2.57 to 11.22). However, the time frames for declaring the process incomplete varied across the studies. The need for unplanned surgical treatment (such as vacuum aspiration or D&C) was greater for the expectant-care group (RR 4.78; 95% CI 1.99 to 11.48). The expectant-care group had more days of bleeding (WMD 1.59; 95% CI 0.74 to 2.45) and a greater amount of bleeding (WMD 1.00; 95% CI 0.60 to 1.40). Post-procedure diagnosis of infection was lower in the expectant-care group (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.87). Information on psychological outcomes and pregnancy was too limited to draw conclusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expectant management led to a higher risk of incomplete miscarriage, need for surgical emptying of the uterus, and bleeding. None of these were serious. In contrast, surgical evacuation was associated with a significantly higher risk of infection. Given the lack of clear superiority of either approach, the woman's preference should play a dominant role in decision making. Medical management has added choices for women and their clinicians, but these were not reviewed here.
authors.affiliation: Family Health International, Clinical Research Department, PO Box 13950, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. knanda@fhi.org
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peloggia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nanda
mesh_terms: D000027:Abortion, Incomplete / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001510:Bed Rest; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014619:Vacuum Curettage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents