title: Use of bivalirudin as the foundation anticoagulant during percutaneous peripheral interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this retrospective chart review was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of using the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin as the procedural anticoagulant in patients undergoing percutaneous peripheral intervention (PPI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients with peripheral artery disease are in general a high-risk population that requires safe and reliable anticoagulation with complete thrombin inhibition. Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, has been shown to be as effective as heparin, but with fewer bleeding events in PCI trials, and recent data suggest that bivalirudin may provide the same benefits in PPI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent PPI with bivalirudin as the foundation anticoagulant. Bivalirudin was administered as a 0.75 mg per kg bolus, followed by a 1.75 mg per kg per hour infusion for the duration of the procedure. The primary endpoint was procedural success defined as residual stenosis less than or equal to 20%. Ischemic and hemorrhagic events were collected, as well as time-to-sheath removal, ambulation and discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected for 150 patients. Procedural success was achieved in 98.5%. Ischemic events were low: death (2.0%), myocardial infarction (0.0%), urgent revascularization (0.8%). Major and minor hemorrhage occurred in 4.7% and 2.0% of patients, respectively. Time-to-sheath removal, ambulation and discharge were short.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bivalirudin provided effective anticoagulation in these generally high-risk patients undergoing PPI. Ischemic and bleeding events were low and comparable to those reported in the literature, suggesting that bivalirudin is safe to use in this population.
authors.affiliation: Kentucky Cardiology, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
authors.forename: Avichai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eres
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006629:Hirudins / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007511:Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; C074619:bivalirudin