title: Role of VLA-4 in the development of allergic conjunctivitis in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The severity of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) correlates with the degree of eosinophil infiltration into the conjunctiva, which is believed to be mediated by chemokines and adhesion molecules. The adhesion molecule very late antigen (VLA)-4 and its ligand, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, are known to play important roles in eosinophil infiltration. However, the expression and function of VLA-4 in AC have not been investigated in detail. We sought to characterize VLA-4-expressing cells in the conjunctivas of mice that are developing experimental AC (EC) and to determine whether the interaction between VLA-4 and VCAM-1 is needed for the infiltration of eosinophils into the conjunctiva in AC.
  
  
  METHODS
  EC was induced in Balb/c mice by active immunization with ragweed (RW) or adoptive transfer of RW-primed splenocytes, followed by RW challenge. Twenty-four hours after RW challenge, the conjunctivas were harvested. The conjunctivas from naive mice or mice developing EC were evaluated for VLA-4 and VCAM-1 expression by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent analyses. To investigate whether the interaction between VLA-4 and VCAM-1 is needed for the genesis of AC, mice developing EC were treated with anti-VLA-4 or anti-VCAM-1 antibodies two h before and after RW challenge. As a control, EC-developing mice were treated with normal rat IgG. Twenty-four hours after RW challenge, the conjunctivas were harvested for histological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Upon induction of EC, VLA-4-expressing cells infiltrated the conjunctiva but the constitutive VCAM-1 expression around conjunctival vessels was not augmented. Immunofluorescent analyses demonstrated that most of the T cells infiltrating the conjunctiva expressed VLA-4 but only half of the infiltrating eosinophils expressed it. Treatment with both anti-VLA-4 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies significantly suppressed the infiltration of eosinophils into the conjunctiva that was induced by either active immunization or splenocyte transfer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results confirm that VLA-4-expressing cells infiltrate the conjunctiva and that the interaction between VLA-4 and VCAM-1 is needed for the development of EC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Nankoku-city, Japan. fukusima@med.kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Waka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukata
authors.forename: Hiasyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D031164:Ambrosia / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011058:Pollen / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014611:Vaccination; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D039041:Integrin alpha4beta1; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1