title: Relative corticosteroid insensitivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severe asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with severe asthma have a poor therapeutic response to corticosteroid therapy, and corticosteroid responsiveness cannot be easily measured in these patients. We hypothesized that this poor response is associated with a reduced effect of corticosteroids to inhibit cytokine release from activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with severe asthma were defined by American Thoracic Society criteria. We compared the suppression of LPS-induced cytokine release (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP] 1alpha, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-8, IFN-gamma, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]) by dexamethasone from PBMCs of patients with severe asthma (n = 16), patients with nonsevere asthma (n = 19), and normal volunteers (n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in baseline spontaneous or stimulated release of these cytokines among groups. LPS-induced release of 10 cytokines was less suppressed by dexamethasone (10(-6) M) in patients with severe asthma compared with patients with nonsevere asthma, with statistical significance achieved for IL-1beta (p < 0.03), IL-8 (p < 0.03), and MIP-1alpha (p < 0.003), and borderline significance for IL-6 (p = 0.054). There was less difference between the two groups for dexamethasone at 10(-8) M. Nuclear histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferase activities were reduced in patients with severe asthma compared with patients with nonsevere asthma (p < 0.01). HDAC activity reduction correlated directly to the degree of steroid insensitivity of GM-CSF (r = 0.57, p < 0.01) and IFN-gamma (r = 0.56, p < 0.05) release. Reduction in histone acetyltransferase activity related to corticosteroid use rather than asthma severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with severe asthma have diminished corticosteroid sensitivity of PBMCs when compared with patients with nonsevere asthma, associated with a reduction in HDAC activity that parallels the impaired corticosteroid sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hew
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhavsar
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torrego
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meah
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khorasani
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adcock
authors.forename: Kian Fan
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003907:Dexamethasone; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases