title: [Effects of hydrocortisone on circulating and intramyocardial inflammatory mediators in severe septic rats with myocardial injury induced by Escherichia coli].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe sepsis and septic shock remain the most common cause of death in intensive care units. The main causes of death in sepsis are the cardiac dysfunction and hypotension resistant to cateolamines. The prevalence of relative adrenal insufficiency in severe sepsis and septic shock was estimated at about 32%-51%. Several meta-analysis demonstrated that high-dose glucocorticoids decreased survival during sepsis, while stress doses of corticosteroids may benefit these patients. The exact reason for such widely divergent outcome produced by different doses of corticosteroid is still not understood. Therefore, the study was undertaken to observe the effects of different doses of hydrocortisone (HC) on circulating and intramyocardial inflammatory mediators in severe septic rats with myocardial injury induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli).
  
  
  METHODS
  The model was established by two injections of inactivated E. coli Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: high-dose of HC group (150 mg/kg), medium-dose group (20 mg/kg), low-dose group (6 mg/kg), model group (NS substituted for HC), and control group (NS for E. coli and HC). Each group had eight rats. After 2 hours of treatment, specimens were collected to measure serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), nitric oxide (NO) and total NO synthase (NOS). NO and total NOS in myocardial homogenate were also detected. The expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) of myocytes was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the above-mentioned markers in model group significantly higher than those in control group. After HC injection, serum cTnI concentrations in low-dose group decreased to normal values compared to that of model group, while in another two HC groups, the concentrations were higher than those in model group. TNF-alpha level was not significantly influenced. But IL-1beta level declined to normal values, being prominent in low-dose HC group. Neither high-dose nor middle-dose HC could lower serum NO or total NOS, but low-dose HC could greatly inhibit both NO and NOS levels (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of NO and total NOS of myocardial homogenate between left and right ventricles. There was no iNOS expression by normal myocardium, while the expression in model group was significantly increased. After HC injection, the iNOS expressions by myocardium in three HC groups were weaker than those in model group. The intensity of iNOS signals became weak with the decrease in HC dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different doses of HC might exert different effects on circulating and intramyocardial inflammatory mediators in severely septic rats with myocardial injury induced by E. coli. Low-dose HC could significantly inhibit such mediators as well as iNOS expression by cardiomyocytes. The results suggest that low dose HC exert protective effect on myocardial injury of severely septic rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100045, China.
authors.forename: Yong-qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xun-mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yu-jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Su-yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D019210:Troponin I; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006854:Hydrocortisone