title: Clinical course and toxicokinetic data following isolated citalopram overdose in an infant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the frequency of use of citalopram, its clinical effects and pharmacokinetics in overdose in the pediatric patient are not well described. We describe the clinical course and drug levels following the ingestion of citalopram by a 10-month-old female.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10 month-old female ingested an unknown amount of citalopram. Approximately 40 min after ingestion, the child developed horizontal nystagmus, followed by a generalized, tonic-clonic seizure that lasted 2 to 3 min very shortly thereafter. The child received 1 mg of midazolam intramuscularly (IM), followed by 1 mg of midazolam intravenously (IV) for termination of this seizure, and was given a loading dose of 20 mg/kg of fosphenytoin IV. Elective orotracheal intubation was done to protect the airway. Despite the use of midazolam and fosphenytoin, the child had another seizure approximately 85 min following the ingestion. A third seizure was noted at approximately 100 min post-ingestion. In the course of treatment, activated charcoal was administered via nasogastric tube, and IV midazolam and phenobarbital were given. The child was transferred to a nearby facility with pediatric intensive care capabilities in stable condition. The child did not experience any hypotension or dysrhythmia, and the electrocardiographic QTc and QRS complex were normal throughout the clinical course. During the subsequent 48 h, the child awoke and regained normal function. This child's recovery was uneventful, and the child was discharged home without sequelae. Plasma levels of citalopram were 1400 ng/ml, 583 ng/ml, 416 ng/ml, and 296 ng/ml, at one, six, 13, and 23 h post-ingestion, respectively. The first level likely represents a predistributional level with subsequent levels giving an elimination t1/2 of 17.38 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a case of citalopram poisoning in a 10-month-old infant with refractory seizures, and an absence of cardiovascular events with subsequent excellent outcome. The elimination of the parent drug corresponds to an approximate t1/2 of 15-20 h in this single case.
authors.affiliation: Darnall Army Community Hospital, Ft Hood, TX 76544, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Masullo
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S David
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levsky
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015283:Citalopram / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000506:poisoning*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D015283:Citalopram; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors