title: The effect of sodium and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the classic circulating renin-angiotensin system in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that inappropriate stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is responsible for the increase in blood pressure that occurs in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) before the development of renal failure. However, the interpretation of previous studies in ADPKD patients is confounded by inadequate matching with control populations for blood pressure and renal function, or failure to control the sodium intake of participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of two different sodium intakes (350 and 50 mmol/day for 5 days) in a group of 11 hypertensive ADPKD patients and eight matched control subjects with essential hypertension. In addition, blood pressure and hormonal responses were measured after the administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril for 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood pressure and hormonal responses of the RAS after a reduction in sodium intake and after the administration of enalapril were identical in ADPKD patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activation of the classic circulating RAS is no greater in hypertensive ADPKD patients than in individuals with essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Blood Pressure Unit, Department of Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Doulton
authors.forename: Anand K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saggar-Malik
authors.forename: Feng J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: Nirmala D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Markandu
authors.forename: Guiseppe A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sagnella
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: MacGregor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D004656:Enalapril