title: Language processing and human voice perception in schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated either reduced left-lateralized activation or reversed language dominance in schizophrenia. These findings of left hemispheric dysfunction could be attributed to language processing tasks, which activate mainly left hemispheric function. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reported right-lateralized temporal activation by human voice perception, but few studies have investigated activation by human voice in schizophrenia. We aimed to clarify the cerebral function of language processing in schizophrenia patients by considering cerebral activation of human voice perception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen right-handed schizophrenia patients and 14 right-handed controls with matched handedness, sex, and education level were scanned by functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to sentences (SEN), reverse sentences (rSEN), and identifiable non-vocal sounds (SND).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the SEN-SND and SEN-rSEN contrasts including language processing, patients showed less activation of the left hemisphere than controls in the language-related fronto-tempo-parietal region, hippocampus, thalamus and cingulate gyrus. Under the rSEN-SND contrast including human voice perception, patients showed less activation than controls in the right-lateralized temporal cortices and bilateral posterior cingulate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that schizophrenia patients have impairment of broader bilateral cortical-subcortical regions related to both the semantic network in the left hemisphere and the voice-specific network in the right hemisphere.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koeda
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yahata
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012660:Semantics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014831:Voice