title: Molecular markers (PECAM-1, ICAM-3, HLA-DR) determine prognosis in primary non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prognostic significance of PECAM-1, ICAM-3 and HLA-DR antigens in patients with primary non-Hodgkin's gastric lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We immunohistochemically studied PECAM-1, ICAM-3 and HLA-DR antigen expression in 36 B-cell MALT-type primary gastric lymphoma patients. Ten non-malignant and ten healthy gastric tissue specimens were used as controls. Clinicopathological and survival data were correlated with the staining results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HLA-DR antigen expression was detected in 33 gastric lymphoma patients (91.7%) and 6 non-malignant patients (54.5%). PECAM-1 stained tumor cells of 10 patients (27.8%), endothelial cells of 9 patients (25%) and inflammatory infiltrate of 4 patients (40%) with benign gastric disease. ICAM-3 expression was observed on the tumor cells of 17 patients (47.2%), while 5 non-malignant patients (50%) were stained positive as well. None of the healthy controls was stained for any of the genes studied. In the multivariate analysis, HLA-DR antigen and PECAM-1 were proved to be statistically significant independent prognostic factors associated with a favourable and an unfavourable prognosis respectively (P=0.009 and P=0.003). In the univariate analysis, PECAM-1(+)/ICAM-3(-) and HLA-DR(-)/ICAM-3(-) patients exhibited a significantly decreased overall survival compared to those with the exactly opposite gene expression patterns (P=0.0041 and P=0.0091, respectively). Those patients who were HLA-DR(+)/ICAM-3(+)/PECAM-1(-) (n=8) had a significantly higher survival rate compared to the rest of the group (n=24) (P=0.0289).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PECAM-1, ICAM-3 and HLA-DR are representative markers of tumor expansion potential and host immune surveillance respectively. Their combined use may help us to identify high-risk patients who could benefit from more aggressive therapeutic protocols.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Surgical Research, First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital of Athens, 114 Q. Sofia Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darom
authors.forename: Ilias P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gomatos
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leandros
authors.forename: Emmu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chatzigianni
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panousopoulos
authors.forename: Manousos M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Konstadoulakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Androulakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; C483616:ICAM3 protein, human; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1