title: Dimensions of emotion in expressive musical performance.
abstract: This paper explores the dimensions of emotion conveyed by music. Participants rated emotion terms after seeing and/or hearing recordings of clarinet performances that varied in expressive content. A factor analysis revealed four independent dimensions of emotion. Changes to the clarinetists' expressive intentions did not significantly affect emotions conveyed by sound. It was largely through the visual modality that expressive intentions influenced the experience for observers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2V 2A3.
authors.forename: Bradley W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Vines
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Krumhansl
authors.forename: Marcelo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wanderley
authors.forename: Ioana M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Dalca
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Levitin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001519:Behavior; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D009147:Music Therapy; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D010897:Pitch Discrimination; D013998:Time Perception