title: Urinary incontinence symptoms during and after pregnancy in continent and incontinent primiparas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Examine patterns of urinary incontinence during and after pregnancy, as recalled by incontinent and continent primiparas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primiparous women reporting no pre-pregnancy incontinence, were recruited 6 to 9 months postpartum. Those reporting current continence and demonstrating a negative stress test were considered "Primiparous Continent" (PC, n=64). Those reporting current incontinence and demonstrating a positive stress test were considered "Primiparous Incontinent" (PI, n=57). Subjects self-administered a questionnaire recalling leakage during and after pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen percent of PC women leaked during pregnancy. Of these, 70% experienced frequent leakage during pregnancy. Seventy-eight percent of PI women leaked both during and after pregnancy. Several patterns arose surrounding leakage frequency for PI women: 19% only leaked frequently during pregnancy, 4% only leaked frequently after pregnancy, and 51% leaked frequently both during and after pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly five times as many primiparous incontinent women, compared with primiparous continent women, leaked during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. adt@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Thomason
authors.forename: Janis M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: John Ol
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Delancey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010298:Parity; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics