title: A retrospective study of cochlear implant outcomes in children with residual hearing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been increasing demand for the cochlear implantation of children who demonstrate some auditory capacity with conventional hearing aids. The purpose of this study was to examine speech recognition outcomes in a group of children who were regarded as borderline candidates for cochlear implantation as their residual hearing and/or auditory functioning levels exceeded typical audiologic candidacy criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was undertaken at one Canadian cochlear implant centre to identify children implanted at age 4 or older with a pure-tone-average of 90 dB or better and speech recognition of 30% or greater. Pre-implant and post-implant open-set word and sentence test scores were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven children of 195 paediatric cochlear implant recipients met the inclusion criteria for this study. Speech recognition results for the 10 English-speaking children indicated significant gains in both open-set word and sentence understanding within the first 6 to 12 months of implant use. Seven of 9 children achieved 80% open-set sentence recognition within 12 months post-surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with several years of experience using conventional amplification demonstrated rapid progress in auditory skills following cochlear implantation. These findings suggest that cochlear implantation may be an appropriate intervention for selected children with severe hearing losses and/or auditory capacity outside current candidacy criteria.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. efitzpatrick@cheo.on.ca
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCrae
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schramm