title: Angiographically proven coronary artery disease in scleroderma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that macrovascular disease is more common in patients with scleroderma (SSc). We investigated the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in SSc using coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary angiography was performed in 172 patients with SSc and suspected CAD to examine the prevalence of significant CAD. The prevalence of CAD was estimated in the whole group and also according to age, gender and type of symptoms (typical angina, atypical angina and non-anginal pain or breathlessness). Standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs) were calculated in each symptomatic group in order to compare CAD rates amongst our observed population with those predicted using the Diamond and Forrester (D & F) probability analysis. This analysis provides an estimate of the probability of CAD based on gender, age and symptoms in subjects aged between 30-69 yrs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed prevalence of CAD in the whole population was 22% (38/172); 17% (6/36) in males and 23% (32/136) in females. A total of 41 patients were excluded because they were outside the age range for D & F analysis. Compared with the reference population, the SPRs for CAD in the three SSc groups were: 47% (95% CI 21.7-89.9) in the typical angina group (22 patients), 50% (95% CI 13.6-128) in the atypical angina group (22 patients) and 93% (95% CI 49.4-158.8) in the non-anginal pain or breathlessness group (87 patients).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CAD in patients with SSc is similar and not greater to that expected in individuals without SSc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, NW3 2QG, UK.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Handler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Carulli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andron
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Coghlan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index