title: Use of a medium buffered with N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethanesulfonate (HEPES) in intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedures is detrimental to the outcome of in vitro fertilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to determine whether N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethanesulfonate (HEPES)-buffered medium used for the microinjection of sperm into oocytes may be detrimental for the embryo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private IVF center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n = 708) undergoing ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The women were randomized into two study groups: 2,204 oocytes from 357 women were treated using a medium buffered with bicarbonate without HEPES during the ICSI procedure, and 2,168 oocytes from 351 women were treated using a medium buffered with HEPES during the ICSI procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fertilization rate, degeneration rate, triploid rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and abortion rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oocytes treated with a HEPES-buffered medium showed a statistically significant higher rate of triploid and degenerated oocytes after fertilization with ICSI compared with oocytes treated with a medium without HEPES. The embryos obtained from oocytes microinjected with a HEPES-buffered medium showed a statistically significant higher rate of highly fragmented embryos compared with the controls. Pregnancy rate and implantation rate were statistically significantly lower in the patient group with oocytes treated with the HEPES-buffered medium. The other parameters evaluated did not show any statistically significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that the use of media buffered with HEPES, during the microinjection of sperm into the oocytes, is detrimental for IVF outcome and should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Bioroma, Center of Assisted Reproduction, Paideia Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morgia
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torti
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montigiani
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piscitelli
authors.forename: Annalise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giallonardo
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schimberni
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sbracia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002021:Buffers; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006531:HEPES / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003470:Culture Media; D006531:HEPES