title: Transcriptional diversity of DMRT1 (dsx- and mab3-related transcription factor 1) in human testis.
abstract: Recent advances in the evolutionary genetics of sex determination indicate that the only molecular similarity in sex determination found so far among phyla is between the fly doublesex, worm mab-3 and vertebrate DMRT1(dsx- and mab3-related transcription factor 1) /DMY genes. Each of these factors encodes a zinc-finger-like DNA-binding motif, DM domain. Insights into the evolution and functions of human DMRT1 gene could reveal evolutionary mechanisms of sexual development. Here we report the identification and characterization of multiple isoforms of human DMRT1 in the testis. These transcripts encode predicted proteins with 373, 275 and 175 amino acids and they were generated by alternative splicing at 3' region. Expression level of DMRT1a is higher than those of both DMRT1b and c, and the DMRT1c expression was the lowest in testis, based on comparisons of mean values from real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Both DMRT1b and c result from exonization of intronic sequences, including the exonization of an Alu element. A further search for Alu elements within the DMRT1 gene demonstrated that all 99 Alu elements are non-randomly distributed among the non-coding regions on both directions. These new characteristics of DMRT1 would have an important impact on the evolution of sexual development mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Center for Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Han Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Yi Hao
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yiqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McElreavey
authors.forename: Rong Jia
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D020087:Alu Elements / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005091:Exons; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C110547:DMRT1 protein; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors