title: A combined HIV-1 protein bead array for serology assay and T-cell subset immunophenotyping with a hybrid flow cytometer: a step in the direction of a comprehensive multitasking instrument platform for infectious disease diagnosis and monitoring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new generation of bench-top flow cytometers with digital signal processing to perform suspension array technology (SAT) based bead array assays as well as leukocyte immunophenotyping is now available. These hybrid instruments provide an opportunity for the development of a more cost effective multitasking platform to support infectious disease treatment in resource limited countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the development and testing of two modules compatible with the hybrid flow cytometers. The first module is an eleven HIV-1 protein bead array (PBA) for the detection of circulating antibodies and the second is a cell based T-cell enumeration assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HIV-1 PBA was tested in parallel with two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for the detection of plasma antibodies from 4 HIV-1 seroconversion panels and a low antibody titer panel. The PBA as well as the two EIAs performed equally for the detection of antibody positive samples from all seroconversion panels. One antibody positive sample from the low antibody titer panel was missed by the PBA together with one of the two EIAs tested. A parallel analysis of the HIV-1 PBA with Western blot (a confirmatory test for HIV infection) using plasma from nine HIV-1(+) individuals showed that the HIV-1 PBA detected more of the gp41 and gp120 antibody positive samples. Preliminary CD4 T-cell immunophenotyping results from 14 HIV(+) and 10 HIV(-) whole blood specimens with the hybrid flow cytometer platform compared well to conventional flow cytometry data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The successful combination of bead and cell based assays on a single hybrid instrument demonstrated the potential utility of a multitasking platform. The results presented are providing groundwork for future development of more cost effective modular architecture for a flexible flow cytometry based platform.
authors.affiliation: National HIV Immunology Laboratory, National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. sylvie_faucher@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faucher
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherring
authors.forename: Dragica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malloch
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandstrom
authors.forename: Francis F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Mandy
mesh_terms: D015492:AIDS Serodiagnosis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008863:Microspheres; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens