title: Sepsis-induced lung injury in rats increases alveolar epithelial vulnerability to stretch.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous in vitro models have shown that cellular deformation causes dose-dependent injury and death in healthy rat alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). We compared the viability of AECs from septic rats with those from nonseptic rats after 1 hr of cyclic equibiaxial stretch. We hypothesized that sepsis would increase stretch-induced cell death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240-260 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized rats were subjected to cecal ligation and double puncture (2CLP) or sham laparotomy without cecal ligation or puncture (sham). After 24 or 48 hrs, AECs were isolated, seeded in custom wells, and maintained in culture for 48 hrs before study. AECs were stretched cyclically (15/min) to a 0%, 12%, 25%, or 37% change in surface area (DeltaSA) for 1 hr. Cell viability, phenotypic markers, and nuclear factor-kappaB intracellular localization were assessed using fluorescent immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phase and fluorescent images were evaluated for all studies. Response to stretch was the same at 24 and 48 hrs after 2CLP. Relative to sham, 2CLP significantly increased cell death at 25 and 37% DeltaSA (p<.003, analysis of variance). Relative to sham, 2CLP did not alter expression of type I or type II phenotypic markers. Nuclear factor-kappaB within the nuclear compartment was observed after 2CLP in unstretched cells and after 1 hr of cyclic stretch at 37% DeltaSA. In sham, nuclear factor-kappaB within the nuclear compartment was seen only after stretch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AECs isolated from septic rats are more vulnerable to mechanical deformation injury than AECs from nonseptic animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Anesthesia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6392, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Clifford S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Deutschman
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Helfaer
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Margulies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B