title: Migraines linked to intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if there is an association between migraines and intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several studies have described an association between migraines and intracardiac right-to-left shunt.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) were retrospectively recruited from the Toronto Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Center Clinical Database. All patients had been prospectively, systematically asked about a history of migraines and systematically screened for pulmonary and cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). All patients with a definite diagnosis of HHT, assessed during a 2-year period (February 1997 to April 1999), were included. Univariate analyses and logistic regression were performed, for migraine as the dependent variable and the following independent variables: age, sex, pulmonary AVMs, and cerebral AVMs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 200 patients assessed during the 2-year period, 124 (62%) had a definite diagnosis of HHT and were included in the analysis. Eighty (65%) were females. Forty-seven (38%) of the HHT patients had a history of migraine, of whom 38 (81%) had migraine with aura. The prevalence of migraine was greater in patients with pulmonary AVMs (46%) compared to patients without pulmonary AVMs (33%), OR = 1.7 (0.8 to 3.6), though this did not reach statistical significance (P = .14). Pulmonary AVMs were significantly associated with migraine (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1 to 5.5, P = .04), after adjustment for age and sex, using logistic regression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant association between intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt and migraine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thenganatt
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Edmeads
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mandzia
authors.forename: Marie E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Faughnan
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications*