title: A systematic review of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene have been hypothesized to alter the risk of prostate cancer. However, studies investigating the associations between specific vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a meta-analysis of 26 studies evaluating the association between vitamin D receptor TaqI, poly(A), BsmI, ApaI, and/or FokI polymorphisms, and prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The studies were heterogeneous in terms of study design, selection of cases and controls, and racial composition. Random effects models were used to estimate the pooled OR and 95% CI of each vitamin D receptor polymorphism under codominant, additive, dominant and recessive genetic models. Overall we did not find evidence to support an association between any of the vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer. For TaqI, which is the most studied vitamin D receptor polymorphism with 18 studies (total of 2,727 cases and 3,685 controls), the pooled OR was 1.00 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.18) for the Tt vs TT genotypes, 0.94 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.13) for the tt vs TT genotypes and 0.89 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.10) for the recessive model (tt vs Tt plus TT). ORs for the poly(A) microsatellite, BsmI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this meta-analysis suggest that the vitamin D receptor TaqI, poly(A), BsmI, ApaI and FokI polymorphisms are not related to prostate cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. berndts@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Sonja I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Berndt
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dodson
authors.forename: Wen-Yi
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kristin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Nicodemus
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol