title: Family interaction and the development of borderline personality disorder: a transactional model.
abstract: Although no prospective epidemiological studies have evaluated the relationship between family interactions and the development of borderline personality disorder (BPD), there is considerable evidence for the central role of family interactions in the development of BPD. This paper describes the role of family interactions or processes, especially those that might be regarded as invalidating or conflictual, negative or critical, and the absence of more validating, positive, supportive, empathic interactions, in the development of BPD. Perhaps more importantly, the proposed model considers how these parental and family behaviors transact with the child's own behaviors and emotional vulnerabilities, resulting in a developmental model of BPD that is neither blaming of the family member with BPD nor of her or his parents and caregivers, and has important and specific implications for both prevention and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology 298, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA. aef@unr.edu
authors.forename: Alan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fruzzetti
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shenk
authors.forename: Perry D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004645:Empathy; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005195:Family Relations; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D009769:Object Attachment; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D014152:Transactional Analysis