title: Dexmethylphenidate extended release: in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Dexmethylphenidate extended release (XR) is an orally administered, bimodal release, capsule formulation of the active d-enantiomer of methylphenidate (MPH), which inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake to increase their concentration in the extraneuronal space. A single dose of dexmethylphenidate XR mimics the pharmacokinetic profile of two doses of dexmethylphenidate immediate-release formulation administered 4 hours apart, albeit with less fluctuation in plasma concentration. Once-daily dexmethylphenidate XR was more effective than placebo in reducing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom scores in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD in four randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of up to 7 weeks' duration. In crossover trials in children (aged 6-12 years), dexmethylphenidate XR 20 mg/day reduced mean ADHD symptom scores 1 hour after administration (by 43% in one trial) and was significantly better than placebo for up to 12 hours. Dexmethylphenidate XR 5-30 mg/day reduced mean ADHD symptom scores by 49%, while scores declined by 16% with placebo in a 7-week trial in children and adolescents (aged 6-17 years). Dexmethylphenidate XR 20, 30 or 40 mg/day reduced ADHD symptom scores by 36-46% versus a 21% reduction with placebo in a 5-week trial in adults (aged 18-60 years). Dexmethylphenidate XR was generally well tolerated in children, adolescents and adults with ADHD, with an adverse-event profile typical of MPH.
authors.affiliation: Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz
authors.forename: Dean M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Gillian M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Keating
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D064699:Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D064699:Dexmethylphenidate Hydrochloride; D008774:Methylphenidate