title: Insecticidal activity of Paraherquamides, including paraherquamide H and paraherquamide I, two new alkaloids isolated from Penicillium cluniae.
abstract: Paraherquamide H (1) and paraherquamide I (2), two new compounds of the paraherquamide (PHQ) family, together with the already known paraherquamide A (3), paraherquamide B (4), paraherquamide E (5), VM55596 (N-oxide paraherquamide) (6), paraherquamide VM55597 (7), and five known diketopiperazines (8-12) have been isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium cluniae Quintanilla. The structure of 1 and 2, on the basis of NMR and MS analysis, was established. It is worth noticing that, in both cases, an unusual oxidative substitution in C-16 was found, which had only previously been detected in PHQ 7. Isolated compounds were tested for insecticidal activity against the hemipteran Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas. Mortality data have allowed preliminary structure activity relationships to be proposed. The most potent product was 5 with a LD(50) of 0.089 microg/nymph.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Campus de Vera, Edificio 9B, Laboratorio 111, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: M Pilar
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: López-Gresa
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciavatta
authors.forename: Ildefonso
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Primo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera; D007212:Indolizines / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007212:Indolizines; D007306:Insecticides; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C084045:VM 55596; C063985:paraherquamide