title: Active hyperemia and vascular conductance differ between men and women for an isometric fatiguing contraction.
abstract: To understand the role of muscle perfusion in the sex differences of muscle fatigue, we compared the time to task failure, postcontraction (active) hyperemia, and vascular conductance for an isometric fatiguing contraction performed by young men and women with the handgrip muscles at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force. In study 1, the men (n = 16) were stronger than the women (n = 18), and study 2, the men (n = 7) and women (n = 7) were matched for strength. Isometric contractions were sustained during two sessions: 1) until the target force could no longer be achieved or 2) for 4 min. For both studies, blood flow and vascular conductance were similar for the men and women at rest and after 10 min of occlusion, and at task failure for the fatiguing contraction estimated using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography. In study 1, the time to task failure was longer for the women (11.4 +/- 2.8 min) than for the men (8.4 +/- 2.4 min; P = 0.003). However, at the end of the 4-min contraction, active hyperemia and vascular conductance were greater for the men than the women (99 vs. 70% peak blood flow; P < 0.001). In study 2, the men and women had similar strength and a similar time to failure (8.4 +/- 1.6 vs. 8.6 +/- 2.3 min). Active hyperemia was greater for the men than the women (86 vs. 64% peak flow; P = 0.038) after the 4-min contraction, as was vascular conductance (80 vs. 57% peak conductance; P = 0.02). Thus the briefer time to failure of men than women for an isometric fatiguing contraction is a function of the greater strength of men but is not dependent on differences in the active hyperemia and vascular conductance.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, PO Box 1881, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA. Sandra.Hunter@marquette.edu
authors.forename: Sandra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Jennie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schletty
authors.forename: Kristine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schlachter
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Aaron J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Polichnowski
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D010991:Plethysmography; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors