title: Geometric predictor of significant mitral regurgitation in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy, undergoing Dor procedure: a real-time 3D echocardiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significant mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently associated with coronary artery disease. The precise geometric predictors of significant MR in ischemic cardiomyopathy are not clearly defined. We performed real-time 3D echocardiography (RT3DE) in 48 patients scheduled for infarct exclusion surgery or Dor procedure, 22 of whom had moderate or severe MR (DorMR) and 26 with no or trivial MR (DorNoMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two orthogonal apical volumetric planes of LV, commissure-commissure (CC) and antero-posterior (AP) planes, were generated during mid-systole. Mitral valve tenting height (MVTht) and area (MVTa) were measured. The degree of leaflet tethering was estimated by the angles between the annular plane and each leaflet (anterior leaflet: Aalpha, posterior leaflet: Palpha).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MVTht (1.11+/-0.14 vs 0.78+/-0.20 cm, P<0.01) and MVTa (1.30+/-0.34 vs 0.87+/-0.27 cm(2), P<0.01) were significantly larger in DorMR compared with DorNoMR. In DorMR, both Aalpha (38+/-6 vs 31+/-7 degrees , P<0.01) and Palpha (60+/-7 vs 41+/-8 degrees , P<0.01) significantly increased more than those in DorNoMR. Multiple logistic regression analysis found Palpha to be the most important geometric predictor of significant MR. MV tenting area was found to be the strongest determinant of MR severity in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients with significant MR by multivariate linear regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detecting significant posterior leaflet tethering, the most important predictor of significant MR, and measuring MV tenting area, the strongest determinant of MR severity, using RT3DE may be helpful in decision making of additive surgical intervention for MR in patients with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Inha University Hospital, 7-206, 3-Ga, Shinheung-Dong, Jung-Gu, Inchon 400-711, Republic of Korea. kuonmd@inha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gillinov
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiota
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003657:Decision Making; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index