title: The weighty issue of Australian television food advertising and childhood obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to provide an accessible overview of research literature on the link between childhood obesity and food advertising on Australian television.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of current medical, public health, psychological and marketing research literature surrounding the topics of childhood obesity and television food advertising, with emphasis on Australian data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Childhood obesity rates have tripled since 1985, mirrored by increases in consumption of energy-dense foods. Energy-dense food advertising is ubiquitous in children's television programming, but children's ability to perceive the commercial intent of advertisements only emerges gradually as a function of age. Until such time, children are trusting, and hence vulnerable, to food advertising, influencing their desires and purchase requests to parents. There is robust evidence to suggest that television viewing and childhood obesity are related. However, the direction of causation and specific contribution of food advertising remains equivocal. Moreover, the link between television and childhood obesity is surprisingly weak, with only a small independent effect size (approximately 1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Television food advertising seems to have only a very small, indirect link to childhood obesity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer Control, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia, Australia. o.carter@curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: Owen B J
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000329:Advertising; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002149:Energy Intake; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D013690:Television