title: Determination of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in horse plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with UV detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
abstract: A rapid method for the quantification of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in animal plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with UV detection (HPLC-UV) is presented. The sample preparation includes a simple deproteinisation step with acetonitrile. In addition, a sensitive method for the quantification of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in horse plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) is described. The sample preparation includes a solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a SCX column. Tamoxifen is used as an internal standard for both chromatographic methods. Chromatographic separation is achieved on an ODS Hypersil column using isocratic elution with 0.01% diethylamine and acetonitrile as mobile phase for the HPLC-UV method and with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase for the LC-MS/MS method. For the HPLC-UV method, good linearity was observed in the range 0-5 microg ml(-1), and in the range 0-1 microg ml(-1) for the LC-MS/MS method. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was set at 50 and 5 ng ml(-1) for the HPLC-UV method and the LC-MS/MS method, respectively. For the UV method, the limit of detection (LOD) was 15 and 10 ng ml(-1) for amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, respectively. The LODs of the LC-MS/MS method in plasma were much lower, i.e. 0.10 and 0.04 ng ml(-1) for amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, respectively. The LODs obtained for the urine samples were 0.16 and 0.09 ng ml(-1) for amiodarone and desethylamiodarone, respectively. The methods were shown to be of use in horses. The rapid HPLC-UV method was used for therapeutic drug monitoring after amiodarone treatment, while the LC-MS/MS method showed its applicability for single dose pharmacokinetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biochemistry and Organ Physiology, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. an.maes@ugent.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Croubels
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deprez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Backer
mesh_terms: D000638:Amiodarone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006736:Horses; D012015:Reference Standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C036116:desethylamiodarone; D000638:Amiodarone