Therapeutic benefit of bone marrow stromal cells administered 1 month after stroke.
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) facilitate functional recovery in rats after stroke when administered acutely (1 day) or subacutely (7 days). In this study, we postponed the time of cell transplantation to 1 month after stroke. Female retired breeder rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Male BMSCs (3 x 10(6)) or phosphate-buffered saline were administered intravenously, and the animals were killed 3 months later. An additional population of nontreated rats was killed at 1 month after MCAo. Significant recovery of behavior was found in BMSC-treated rats beginning at 1 month after cell injection in the modified neurologic severity score test and the adhesive-removal test compared with control animals (P<0.05). In situ hybridization showed that BMSCs survived and preferentially localized to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Double staining revealed that approximately 13% and 6% Y-chromosome-positive cells expressed the astrocyte marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and the neuronal marker, microtubule-associated protein-2, respectively. In addition, BMSC treatment reduced scar thickness, and increased the number of proliferating cells and oligodendrocyte precursor cells along the subventricular zone in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Expression of the chemokine stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was significantly increased along the ischemic boundary zone compared with the corresponding areas in the contralateral hemisphere at 1 month and 4 months (P<0.01) after stroke. The SDF-1 receptor, CXC-chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4), was expressed in BMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our data show that the time window of BMSC therapy is at least 1 month after stroke; the interaction of SDF-1/CXCR4 may contribute to the trafficking of transplanted BMSCs.
Shen
Li Hong
LH
Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
Li
Yi
Y
Chen
Jieli
J
Zacharek
Alex
A
Gao
Qi
Q
Kapke
Allissa
A
Lu
Mei
M
Raginski
Kim
K
Vanguri
Padmayathy
P
Smith
Alan
A
Chopp
Michael
M
D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D015415:Biomarkers; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000637:transplantation*
D015415:Biomarkers; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C548934:Nptn protein, rat; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4