title: Artificial control of gene expression in mammalian cells by modulating RNA interference through aptamer-small molecule interaction.
abstract: Recent studies have uncovered extensive presence and functions of small noncoding RNAs in gene regulation in eukaryotes. In particular, RNA interference (RNAi) has been the subject of significant investigations for its unique role in post-transcriptional gene regulation and utility as a tool for artificial gene knockdown. Here, we describe a novel strategy for post-transcriptional gene regulation in mammalian cells in which RNAi is specifically modulated through RNA aptamer-small molecule interaction. Incorporation of an RNA aptamer for theophylline in the loop region of a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) designed to silence fluorescent reporter genes led to dose-dependent inhibition of RNAi by theophylline. shRNA cleavage experiments using recombinant Dicer demonstrated that theophylline inhibited cleavage of an aptamer-fused shRNA by Dicer in vitro. Inhibition of siRNA production by theophylline was also observed in vivo. The results presented here provide the first evidence of specific RNA-small molecule interaction affecting RNAi, and a novel strategy to regulate mammalian gene expression by small molecules without engineered proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Chung-Il
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Vu B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokobayashi
mesh_terms: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004722:Endoribonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000187:drug effects*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D043244:Ribonuclease III; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013806:Theophylline; D004722:Endoribonucleases; C408087:DICER1 protein, human; D043244:Ribonuclease III; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D020365:RNA Helicases