title: The hemoglobin receptor protein of porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits receptor activator NF-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow macrophages.
abstract: Extracellular proteinaceous factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, that influence receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow macrophages were investigated. The culture supernatant of P. gingivalis had the ability to inhibit RANKL-induced in vitro osteoclastogenesis. A major protein of the culture supernatant, hemoglobin receptor protein (HbR), suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion. HbR markedly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis when present in the culture for the first 24 h after addition of RANKL, whereas no significant inhibition was observed when HbR was added after 24 h or later, implying that HbR might interfere with only the initial stage of RANKL-mediated differentiation. HbR tightly bound to bone marrow macrophages and had the ability to induce phosphorylation of ERK, p38, NF-kappaB, and Akt. RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and NF-kappaB was not suppressed by HbR, but that of Akt was markedly suppressed. HbR inhibited RANKL-mediated induction of c-Fos and NFATc1. HbR could induce beta interferon (IFN-beta) from bone marrow macrophages, but the induction level of IFN-beta might not be sufficient to suppress RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis, implying presence of an IFN-beta-independent pathway in HbR-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Since rapid and extensive destruction of the alveolar bone causes tooth loss, resulting in loss of the gingival crevice that is an anatomical niche for periodontal pathogens such as P. gingivalis, the suppressive effect of HbR on osteoclastogenesis may help the microorganism exist long in the niche.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology and Oral Infection, Department of Developmental and Reconstructive Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hotokezaka
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitaura
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000502:physiology*; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D016899:Interferon-beta