title: Effect of a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (R115777) on ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in a human xenograft model and on breast and ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ras pathway is essential for cell growth and proliferation. The effects of R115777, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, were investigated in cancer cell lines expressing varying levels of growth factor receptors and with differing ras status. Effects on tumour xenografts and human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast in a xenograft mouse model were also tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro, the concentrations required to reduce cell numbers by 50% (50% inhibitory concentration) were established (MDA-MB231, MCF-7, MCF-7/HER2-18, BT-474, SK-BR3 and SKOV3). Human DCIS was implanted in nude mice or, in separate experiments, cultured cells were injected (MDA-MB231, MCF-7/HER2-18, SKOV3) and allowed to form tumours. Proliferation and apoptosis were determined by immunohistochemistry in xenografts and cell tumours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 50% inhibitory concentrations varied a hundred-fold, from 39 nmol/l (+/- 26 nmol/l) for SKBR3 to 5.9 micromol/l(+/- 0.8 micromol/l) for MDA-MB231. In MCF-7/HER2-18 and SKOV3 cells the levels of tumour growth inhibition were approximately 85% and 40%, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the cell turnover index (CTI; proliferation/apoptosis). In MDA-MB 231 with activated k-ras no inhibition was observed. In treated DCIS xenografts proliferation decreased and apoptosis increased. The CTI ratio between the start and 1 and 2 weeks of treatment were 1.99 and 1.50, respectively, for controls and 0.85 (P = 0.005) and 0.75 (P = 0.08) for treated xenografts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with the farnesyl transferase inhibitor reduced cell growth in vitro and cell tumour growth in vivo. In DCIS treatment resulted in a reduced CTI. R115777 is a promising treatment for breast cancer but the relation between effect and growth factor receptor and ras status has to be established.
authors.affiliation: Breast Biology Group, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK. fredrik.warnberg@akademiska.se
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wärnberg
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Nigel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bundred
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D015363:Quinolones; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; C402769:tipifarnib