Characterization of human saposins by NMR spectroscopy.
Saposins are lipid-binding and membrane-perturbing glycoproteins of the mammalian lysosomes involved in sphingolipid and membrane digestion. Although the four human saposins (Saps), A-D, are sequence-related, they are responsible for the activation of different steps in the cascade of lysosomal glycosphingolipid degradation. Saposin activity is maximal under acidic conditions, and the pH dependence of lipid and membrane binding has been assigned to conformational variability. We have employed solution NMR spectroscopy to all four (15)N-labeled human saposins at both neutral and acidic pH. Using backbone NOEs and residual dipolar couplings, the "saposin fold" comprising five alpha-helices was confirmed for Sap-A, Sap-C, and Sap-D. Structural variations within these proteins are in the order of variations between the known structures of Sap-C and NK-lysin. In contrast, Sap-B yielded spectra of very poor quality, presumably due to conformational heterogeneity and molecular association. Sap-D exists in a slow dynamic equilibrium of two conformational states with yet unknown function. At pH 4.0, where all saposins are highly unstable, Sap-C undergoes a transition to a specific dimeric state, which is likely to resemble the structure recently found in both Sap-C in a detergent environment and crystals of Sap-B.
John
Michael
M
Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany.
Wendeler
Michaela
M
Heller
Markus
M
Sandhoff
Konrad
K
Kessler
Horst
H
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D049231:Saposins / Q000737:chemistry*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D055672:Static Electricity
D049231:Saposins