title: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided diskography and diagnostic lumbar 0.23T MRI: an assessment study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the in vivo appearance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diskograms of normal and degenerated lumbar intervertebral disks, and to evaluate the differences in imaging findings between sequential diagnostic MRI and MRI diskography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine consecutive patients underwent MRI-guided diskography in order to determine possible pain provocation during puncture and contrast medium injection. All patients had preceding clinical suspicion of lumbar diskogenic pain and findings of lumbar disk degeneration in diagnostic (MRI, computed tomography (CT), plain radiography). A 0.23T open MRI scanner with interventional tools was used for imaging and instrument guidance. On all patients, a complementary diagnostic MRI study of the lumbar spine before and after the MRI-guided disk injection was performed, and subsequent axial MRI diskograms were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 25 disk punctures were initialized, and 25 MRI diskograms were obtained and their expression described. There was a correlation between the degenerative disk findings visualized by diagnostic MRI and MRI diskograms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of gadolinium contrast media in MRI-guided diskography enables the evaluation of MRI diskograms. Our results suggest that MRI-guided diskography can be used to substitute conventional diskography or CT-diskography and as an augmenting method to assess diagnostic information upon degenerative processes of the lumbar spine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass 02115, USA. roberto.blanco@oulu.fi
authors.forename: R Blanco
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sequeiros
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niinimäki
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ojala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapea
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vaara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klemola
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tervonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000473:pathology*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA