title: A novel method for gene expression mapping of metastatic competence in human bladder cancer.
abstract: Expression profiling by DNA microarray analysis has provided insights into molecular alterations that underpin cancer progression and metastasis. Although differential expression of microarray-defined probes can be related to numerical or structural chromosomal alterations, it is unclear if such changes are also clustered in distinct chromosomes or genomic regions and whether chromosomal alterations always reflect changes in gene expression. Here we apply the dChip algorithm and a novel technique to test the hypothesis that expression changes occurring as a function of tumor progression and metastasis are nonrandomly distributed. Expression profiling of a human xenograft model of lung metastasis phenotype indicates that chromosomes 2, 11, and 20 contain higher percentages of differentially expressed genes (P < .05). Furthermore, we show that a number of differentially expressed probes mapped to chromosome 17q, defining the existence of an expression "hot spot" corresponding to an area of gain determined by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Interestingly, other areas of gains detected by CGH were not associated with expression hot spots. In summary, we show that gene expression changes during bladder cancer lung metastasis occur nonrandomly in specific chromosomes and intrachromosomal locations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology, Box 422, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Siadaty
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riddick
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Frierson
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knuutila
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: El-Rifai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theodorescu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000782:Aneuploidy; D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins