title: Design tools for proton therapy nozzles based on the double-scattering foil technique.
abstract: Proton therapy has been increasing over the past several years, with several new treatment facilities being built in Europe, Japan and the United States. In this work, analytical and Monte Carlo tools were combined to model the passively scattered neurosurgery treatment beamline of the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory (Cambridge, MA). The predicted three-dimensional dose distributions agree with actual measurements to within 0.1 mm for all quantities considered in central-axis depth-dose curve and to within 2.1 mm for all quantities considered in the absorbed dose cross-field profile. The predicted neutron dose equivalent per therapeutic absorbed dose, H/D, was calculated at various locations representing clinically significant anatomical sites. Under typical treatment conditions, the average ratio of predicted-to-measured H/D is 1.8 in the gonadal region (50 cm from isocentre) and 3.4 in the thyroid region (21 cm from isocentre). The global ratio of predicted-to-measured H/D is 2.6.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 130, Houston, TX 77030, USA. jdfonteno@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fontenot
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Newhauser
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Titt
mesh_terms: D001822:Body Burden; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D017357:Cyclotrons / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009502:Neutrons; D061766:Proton Therapy; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012984:Software; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D011522:Protons