Verification of antiparallel G-quadruplex structure in human telomeres by using two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of the 3,6-Bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium)carbazole diiodide molecule.
Different G-quadruplex structures for the human telomeric sequence d(T2AG3)4 in vitro have been documented in the presence of sodium and potassium. Verification of the G-quadruplex structures in human telomeres in vivo is the main issue in establishing the biological function of the G-quadruplex structures in telomeres as well as the development of anticancer agents. Here we have applied two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to measure the fluorescence lifetime of the BMVC molecule upon interaction with various DNA structures. The distinction in lifetime measured with submicrometer spatial resolution in two-photon excitation fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy provides a powerful approach not only to verify the existence of the antiparallel G-quadruplex structure in human telomeres but also to map its localizations in metaphase chromosomes.
Chang
Cheng-Chung
CC
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Chu
Jen-Fei
JF
Kao
Fu-Jen
FJ
Chiu
Yi-Chun
YC
Lou
Pei-Jen
PJ
Chen
Huei-Chin
HC
Chang
Ta-Chau
TC
D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D005453:Fluorescence; D054856:G-Quadruplexes; D006801:Humans; D008677:Metaphase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D016615:Telomere / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure*
C486012:3,6-bis(1-methyl-4-vinylpyridium)carbazole diiodide; D002227:Carbazoles; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D004247:DNA