title: Interim outcome of the single stage dorsal inlay skin graft for complex hypospadias reoperations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite high success rates for primary hypospadias repair, some cases require multiple procedures for ultimate reconstruction. We report our experience with single stage dorsal inlay urethroplasty using skin grafts for complex reoperations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31 patients (mean age 13.8 years) with failed previous hypospadias surgery were included in the study. Indications included fistulas, strictures, diverticula and repair breakdown. The urethral plate had been removed or was severely scarred in all patients. A free penile or groin skin graft was sutured and quilted to the corpora cavernosa, guaranteeing sufficient blood supply. The neourethra was tubularized and covered with a tunica vaginalis or dartos flap, followed by glanuloplasty. Outcome analysis included urethrograms, urethral ultrasound and flow measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foreskin was used in 15 cases, penile skin in 12 and inguinal skin in 4. Average graft length was 3.92 cm. A total of 20 patients required glanuloplasty with a skin graft extended to the tip of the glans. After a mean followup of 30.71 months 5 patients underwent redo surgery, for a complication rate of 16.1%. Urethral stricture of the proximal anastomosis was the most frequent finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This single stage approach using dorsal skin grafts is a reliable method to create a substitute urethral plate for tubularization. Complication rates are equivalent to those of staged procedures. Foreskin should be used as a graft donor site to optimize the outcome if available. This approach represents a safe option for reoperations even if the urethral plate or midline penile skin is grossly scarred.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwentner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gozzi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lunacek
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rehder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radmayr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods