title: Music therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive literature review.
abstract: Coping with multiple sclerosis symptoms still remains a challenge for each patient suffering from this chronic inflammatory disease. Therefore, patients often turn to using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In this review, the authors aimed to investigate the current state of literature of music therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Medline, PubMed, Embase, AMED, CAMbase and the Music Therapy World Journal Index were searched for the terms MS and 'music therapy'. In addition, an internet search using Google Scholar was performed. The authors found seven case-reports/series and seven studies on music therapy for MS-patients. Both the case reports and studies presented here are pioneer work. Most of the studies are naturally predominated by the use of qualitative and uncontrolled research designs. Nevertheless, the results of the studies as well as the case reports demonstrate patients' improvement in the domains of self-acceptance, anxiety and depression. The results of the studies as well as the case reports define a sufficient basis for further music therapeutical work as they show a variety of psychosocial and emotional benefits for MS patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Witten/Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, D-58313 Herdecke, Germany. thomaso@uni-wh.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ostermann
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects