title: Heavy metal stress and leaf senescence induce the barley gene HvC2d1 encoding a calcium-dependent novel C2 domain-like protein.
abstract: By comparing cDNA populations derived from chromium-stressed primary leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with controls, differentially expressed cDNA fragments could be identified. The deduced amino acid sequence of one of these cDNAs [named 'C2 domain 1' (HvC2d1)] exhibits a motif that is similar to the known C2 domain and a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Expression of this member of a novel class of plant C2 domain-like proteins was studied using real-time PCR, and subcellular localization was investigated using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion constructs. Calcium binding was analysed using a (45)Ca(2+) overlay assay. HvC2d1 was transiently induced after exposure to different heavy metals and its mRNA accumulated during the phase of leaf senescence. HvC2d1 expression responded to changes in calcium levels caused by the calcium ionophore A23187 and to treatment with methylviologen resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using overexpressed and purified HvC2d1, the binding of calcium could be confirmed. Chimeric HvC2d1-GFP protein was localized in onion epidermal cells at the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and the nucleus. After addition of calcium ionophore A23187 green fluorescence was only visible in the nucleus. The data suggest a calcium-dependent translocation of HvC2d1 to the nucleus. A possible role of HvC2d1 in stress- and development-dependent signalling in the nucleus is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Akli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouelhadj
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuschk
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Humbeck
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002857:Chromium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010269:Paraquat / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D003300:Copper; D010269:Paraquat; D002118:Calcium