title: The fern Adiantum capillus-veneris lacks stomatal responses to blue light.
abstract: We investigated the responses of stomata to light in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris, a typical species of Leptosporangiopsida. Stomata in the intact leaves of the sporophytes opened in response to red light, but they did not open when blue light was superimposed on the red light. The results were confirmed in the isolated Adiantum epidermis. The red light-induced stomatal response was not affected by the mutation of phy3, a chimeric protein of phytochrome and phototropin in this fern. The lack of a blue light-specific stomatal response was observed in three other fern species of Leptosporangiopsida, i.e. Pteris cretica, Asplenium scolopendrium and Nephrolepis auriculata. Fusicoccin, an activator of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase, induced both stomatal opening and H(+) release in the Adiantum epidermis. Adiantum phototropin genes AcPHOT1 and AcPHOT2 were expressed in the fern guard cells. The transformation of an Arabidopsis phot1 phot2 double mutant, which lost blue light-specific stomatal opening, with AcPHOT1 restored the stomatal response to blue light. Taken together, these results suggest that ferns of Leptosporangiopsida lack a blue light-specific stomatal response, although the functional phototropin and plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase are present in this species.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Center for Higher Education, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka, 810-8560 Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
mesh_terms: D035681:Adiantum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000502:physiology; D056931:Cryptochromes; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010834:Phytochrome / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D011522:Protons; D032495:Pteris / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014170:Transformation, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C538962:CRY1 protein, Arabidopsis; D056931:Cryptochromes; D018744:DNA, Plant; D005420:Flavoproteins; D006027:Glycosides; C423903:PHOT2 protein, Arabidopsis; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011522:Protons; D010834:Phytochrome; C007808:fusicoccin; C103646:NPH1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases