title: Regional differences in multidimensional aspects of health: findings from the MRC cognitive function and ageing study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differences in mortality and health experience across regions are well recognised and UK government policy aims to address this inequality. Methods combining life expectancy and health have concentrated on specific areas, such as self-perceived health and dementia. Few have looked within country or across different areas of health. Self-perceived health, self-perceived functional impairment and cognitive impairment are linked closely to survival, as well as quality of life. This paper aims to describe regional differences in healthy life expectancy using a variety of states of health and wellbeing within the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  MRC CFAS is a population based study of health in 13,009 individuals aged 65 years and above in five centres using identical study methodology. The interviews included self-perceived health and measures of functional and cognitive impairment. Sullivan's method was used to combine prevalence rates for cognitive and functional impairment and life expectancy to produce expectation of life in various health states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of both cognitive and functional impairment increases with age and was higher in women than men, with marked centre variation in functional impairment (Newcastle and Gwynedd highest impairment). Newcastle had the shortest life expectancy of all the sites, Cambridgeshire and Oxford the longest. Centre differences in self-perceived health tended to mimic differences in life expectancy but this did not hold for cognitive or functional impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-perceived health does not show marked variation with age or sex, but does across centre even after adjustment for impairment burden. There is considerable centre variation in self-reported functional impairment but not cognitive impairment. Only variation in self-perceived health relates to the ranking of life expectancy. These data confirm that quite considerable differences in life experience exist across regions of the UK beyond basic life expectancy.
authors.affiliation: MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, CB2 2SR, UK. fiona.matthews@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Fiona E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brayne
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jagger
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012649:Self Concept; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data