title: In vitro activity of xanthorrhizol against Streptococcus mutans biofilms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the effect of xanthorrhizol (XTZ) purified from the rhizome of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. on the Streptococcus mutans biofilms in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biofilms of S. mutans at different phases of growth were exposed to XTZ at different concentrations (5, 10 and 50 micromol l(-1)) and for different time exposures (1, 10, 30 and 60 min). The results demonstrated that the activity of XTZ in removing S. mutans biofilm was dependent on the concentration, exposure time and the phase growth of biofilm. A concentration of 5 micromol l(-1) of XTZ completely inhibited biofilm formation by S. mutans at adherent phases of growth, whereas 50 micromol l(-1) of XTZ removed 76% of biofilm at plateau accumulated phase when exposed to S. mutans biofilm for 60 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Xanthorrhizol isolated from an edible plant (C. xanthorrhiza Roxb.) shows promise as an antibacterial agent for inhibiting and removing S. mutans biofilms in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  XTZ could be used as a potential antibacterial agent against biofilm formation by S. mutans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Bioproducts Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rukayadi
authors.forename: J-K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; C120248:xanthorrhizol; D002710:Chlorhexidine