title: Effects of reinforcement schedule on facilitation of operant extinction by chlordiazepoxide.
abstract: Learning and memory are central topics in behavioral neuroscience, and inbred mice strains are widely investigated. However, operant conditioning techniques are not as extensively used in this field as they should be, given the effectiveness of the methodology of the experimental analysis of behavior. In the present study, male C57B1/6 mice, widely used as background for transgenic studies, were trained to lever press on discrete-trial fixed-ratio 5 or fixed-interval (11 s or 31 s) schedules of food reinforcement and then exposed to 15 extinction sessions following vehicle or chlordiazepoxide injections (15 mg/kg i.p., administered either prior to all extinction sessions, or prior to the final 10 extinction sessions). Extinction of operant behavior was facilitated by drug administration following training on either schedule, but this facilitation only occurred once a number of extinction sessions had taken place. The extinction process proceeded more rapidly following fixed-interval training. Resistance to extinction was equally high following training with either schedule type, and was reduced by drug administration in both cases. These phenomena were evident in individual cumulative records and in analyses of group data. Results are interpreted in terms of phenomena of operant extinction identified in Skinner's (1938) Behavior of Organisms, and by behavioral momentum theory. These procedures could be used to extend the contribution of operant conditioning to contemporary behavioral neuroscience.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. jc.leslie@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Julian C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Nichola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Gerard R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009042:Motivation; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide