title: Adenosine A2A receptor inactivation increases survival in polymicrobial sepsis.
abstract: The mechanisms governing the impairment of bacterial clearance and immune function in sepsis are not known. Adenosine levels are elevated during tissue hypoxia and damage associated with sepsis. Adenosine has strong immunosuppressive effects, many of which are mediated by A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R) expressed on immune cells. We examined whether A(2A)R are involved in the regulation of immune function in cecal ligation and puncture-induced murine polymicrobial sepsis by genetically or pharmacologically inactivating A(2A)R. A(2A)R knockout (KO) mice were protected from the lethal effect of sepsis and had improved bacterial clearance compared with wild-type animals. cDNA microarray analysis and flow cytometry revealed increased MHC II expression in A(2A)-inactivated mice, suggesting improved Ag presentation as a mechanism of protection. Apoptosis was attenuated in the spleen of A(2A) KO mice indicating preserved lymphocyte function. Levels of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and IL-6 were markedly lower following A(2A)R blockade. Similar to observations with A(2A)R KO mice, an A(2A)R antagonist increased survival even when administered in a delayed fashion. These studies demonstrate that A(2A)R blockade may be useful in the treatment of infection and sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Zoltán H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Németh
authors.forename: Balázs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Csóka
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilmanski
authors.forename: Dazhong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ledent
authors.forename: Edwin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Deitch
authors.forename: Pál
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pacher
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Spolarics
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haskó
mesh_terms: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D014227:Triazines; D014230:Triazoles; C097270:ZM 241385