title: One-dimensional spatial dark soliton-induced channel waveguides in lithium niobate crystal.
abstract: The anisotropic dependence of the formation of one-dimensional (1-D) spatial dark solitons on the orientation of intensity gradients in lithium niobate crystal is numerically specified. Based on this, we propose an approach to fabricate channel waveguides by employing 1-D spatial dark solitons. By exposure of two 1-D dark solitons with different orientations, channel waveguides can be created. The structures of the channel waveguides can be tuned by adjustment of the widths of the solitons and/or the angles between the two exposures. A square channel waveguide is experimentally demonstrated in an iron-doped lithium niobate crystal by exposure of two orthogonal 1-D dark solitons in sequence.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Optical Information Science and Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China. pzhang@nwpu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jianlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dexing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Honglai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu