title: Helicobacter pylori and other Helicobacter species DNA in human bile samples from patients with various hepato-biliary diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the presence of Helicobacter species by nested PCR of 16S rRNA genes followed by the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) 16S rRNA, ureA, cagA genes in bile obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) from 60 Indian subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty bile samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with various hepato-biliary diseases and control subjects at ERCP. PCR analysis was carried out using primers for Helicobacter genus 16S rRNA gene and H pylori (16S rRNA, ureA and cagA) genes. Gastric H pylori status was also assessed from biopsies obtained at endoscopy from patients with various hepato-biliary diseases and controls. The control group mainly consisted of subjects with gastric disorders. Sequencing analysis was performed to confirm that PCR products with 16S rRNA and cagA primers were derived from H pylori. RESULTS No Helicobacters were grown in culture from the bile samples. Helicobacter DNA was detected in bile of 96.7% and 6.6% of groups I and II respectively. Ten from group I were positive for 16S rRNA and ureA and 9 were positive for cagA gene. In contrast of the 2 from the control, 1 amplified with 16S rRNA, ureA and cagA primers used. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes and cagA were 99% similar to Helicobacter pylori.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Helicobacters are associated with the pathogenesis of various hepato-biliary disorders.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Allied Hospitals Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500 058, India.
authors.forename: Santosh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: Aleem A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Mohd Aejaz
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Habeeb
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Habibullah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology*; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D016998:Helicobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori