title: Evaluation of inspiratory pressure in children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids.
abstract: Children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids usually present breathing abnormalities such as snoring, mouth breathing and sleep apnea. It is known that upper airway obstruction and consequent mouth breathing may result in pulmonary diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this preliminary study was to evaluate the inspiratory pressure in children with upper airway obstruction due to enlarged tonsils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical with transversal cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 37 children (4-3 years old, female/male) with enlarged tonsils who would be submitted to a T&A surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, from October 2002 to March 2003. The control group comprised 28 children without tonsillar disease submitted to the same tests. Inspiratory pressure was obtained using a manometer and vacuum meter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We could observe lower inspiratory pressures in children with upper airway obstruction. The mean of inspiratory pressure in the upper airway obstruction group was 14.607 cm/H2O and in the control group was of 27.580 cm/H2O.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enlarged tonsils and adenoids were associated with poor inspiratory pressure, resulting in increased breathing effort and work of the involved muscles.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Clínicas/Medical School, University of Sao Paulo. melissa.guerato@ip2.com.br
authors.forename: Melissa Guerato
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Renata Cantisani
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Di Francesco
authors.forename: Anete Sevciovic
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Grumach
authors.forename: João Ferreira de
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mello
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000473:pathology*; D011312:Pressure; D012119:Respiration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests