title: Oral combination chemotherapy in the treatment of AIDS-associated Hodgkin's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of an oral combination chemotherapy regimen administered to patients with AIDS-associated Hodgkin's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, pilot phase II clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patient recruitment occurred at two medical centers in the United States: Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, where patients were recruited prior to December 31, 1996 (pre-HAART era); and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, where patients were recruited after January 1, 1997 (HAART era).
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral chemotherapy consisted of lomustine (100 mg/m2 day I for cycle one and odd cycles thereafter); etoposide (200 mg/m2 days 1 through 3); and cyclophosphamide and procarbazine (each 100 mg/m2 days 22 through 31). Cycles were repeated every six weeks. Colony-stimulating factor support (G-CSF in all instances) was allowed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical demographic variables, peripheral blood counts, serum chemistries, CD4 lymphocyte count, histopathological subtype of Hodgkin's disease were identified for all patients, who were staged according to Ann Arbor criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Common Toxicity Criteria were utilized to assess safety; response was assessed using ECOG criteria; and survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methods and difference of survival between pre-HAART and HARART era was compared using log-rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients (six in pre-HAART era), all but one male, with a median age of 36 years, excellent performance status and advanced International Prognostic Score were treated. Myelosuppression was the major side effect and there were minimal other grade 3 or greater toxicity all of which were promptly reversible. An overall objective response rate of 82% (with 18% complete responses) and median survival duration of 24 months (range 2.5 +/- 68) were observed. Survival was markedly improved in patients treated in the HAART era (median not reached versus 7.25 months, p = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This feasibility study demonstrates acceptable tolerance and excellent clinical activity of oral combination chemotherapy in patients with AIDS-associated Hodgkin's disease. Improved survival is observed in combination with HAART therapy. Dose-modification of this regimen would be suitable to evaluate in the resource constrained setting and larger confirmatory studies are encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Uganda Cancer Institute, Mulago Hospital and the Makerere University School of Medicine, Kampala, Uganda.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orem
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ness
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Mwanda
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Remick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011344:Procarbazine; D005047:Etoposide; D008130:Lomustine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide