title: Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis by a protective effect involving cellular FLICE inhibitory protein.
abstract: We have previously shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein modulates multiple cellular processes, including those that inhibit tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the signaling mechanism for inhibition of TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells expressing core protein alone or in context with other HCV proteins. Activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were inhibited upon TNF-alpha exposure in HCV core protein-expressing HepG2 cells. In vivo protein-protein interaction studies displayed an association between TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR1-associated death domain protein (TRADD), suggesting that the core protein does not perturb this interaction. A coimmunoprecipitation assay also suggested that HCV core protein does not interfere with the TRADD-Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)-procaspase-8 interaction. Further studies indicated that HCV core protein expression inhibits caspase-8 activation by sustaining the expression of cellular FLICE (FADD-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme)-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Similar observations were also noted upon expression of core protein in context to other HCV proteins expressed from HCV full-length plasmid DNA or a replicon. A decrease in endogenous c-FLIP by specific small interfering RNA induced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptotic cell death and caspase-8 activation. Taken together, our results suggested that the TNF-alpha-induced apoptotic pathway is inhibited by a sustained c-FLIP expression associated with the expression of HCV core protein, which may play a role in HCV-mediated pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, 3635 Vista Ave., FDT-8N, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Ratna B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Ranjit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D053181:Caspase 8; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; C069130:nucleocapsid protein, Hepatitis C virus; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases