title: Severe airway stenosis associated with Crohn's disease: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Symptomatic respiratory tract involvement is not common in Crohn's disease. Upper-airway obstruction has been reported before in Crohn's disease and usually responds well to steroid treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a 32-year old patient with Crohn's disease who presented with progressively worsening dyspnea on exertion. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the chest and bronchoscopy revealed severe tracheal stenosis and marked inflammation of tracheal mucosa. Histopathology of the lesion showed acute and chronic inflammation and extended ulceration of bronchial mucosa, without granulomas. Tracheal stenosis was attributed to Crohn's disease after exclusion of other possible causes and oral and inhaled steroids were administered. Despite steroid treatment, tracheal stenosis persisted and only mild symptomatic improvement was noted after 8 months of therapy. The patient subsequently underwent rigid bronchoscopy with successful dilatation and ablation of the stenosed areas and remission of her symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory involvement in Crohn's disease might be more common than appreciated. Interventional pulmonology techniques should be considered in cases of tracheal stenosis due to Crohn's disease refractory to steroid treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece. mplataki@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plataki
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tzortzaki
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lambiri
authors.forename: Elpida
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannikaki
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Nikolaos M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Siafakas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D019819:Budesonide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D014132:Trachea / Q000473:pathology; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019819:Budesonide; D008775:Methylprednisolone