title: Reconstitution of the type II [3H]estradiol binding site with recombinant histone H4.
abstract: Previously, we identified the rat uterine nuclear type II [3H]estradiol binding site as histone H4 and an unknown 35 kDa protein with histone H4 immunoreactivity. Studies using calf thymus histones indicated that the 35 kDa protein was likely a dimer of histone H3 and H4. Further study of the type II site required methodology for producing sufficient quantities of recombinant histones, which retained ligand-binding properties. A variety of production methods produce sufficient quantities of histone for binding analyses were evaluated prior to finding a successful technique. The present studies describe techniques for the production of recombinant histones that retain the ligand binding properties of type II binding site. Binding studies with recombinant protein mirrored [3H]estradiol binding assays with rat uterine nuclear preparations. Histone H4 specifically binds [3H]estradiol with a low affinity (Kd approximately 20 nM) and in a cooperative fashion (curvilinear Scatchard plot; Hill coefficient approximately 4). Although histone H3 does not appear to bind ligand, regeneration of the histone H3/H4 pair produced a 35 kDa protein equivalent to the 35 kDa protein labeled with [3H]luteolin in rat uterine nuclear extracts and calf thymus histones. These data confirm the identification of histone H4 as a key component of the type II site. Future studies with recombinant proteins will lead to the identification of the "nucleosomal ligand-binding domain" for methyl-p-hydroxyphenyllactate (MeHPLA) and related ligands and delineation of their epigenetic control of gene expression and cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA. shoulars@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shoulars
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Trellis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Markaverich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014316:Tritium; D004958:Estradiol