title: Sequential flow injection analysis system on-line coupled to high intensity focused ultrasound: green methodology for trace analysis applications as demonstrated for the determination of inorganic and total mercury in waters and urine by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: A new concept is presented for green analytical applications based on coupling on-line high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) with a sequential injection/flow injection analysis (SIA/FIA) system. The potential of the SIA/HIFU/FIA scheme is demonstrated by taking mercury as a model analyte. Using inorganic mercury, methylmercury, phenylmercury, and diphenylmercury, the usefulness of the proposed methodology for the determination of inorganic and total mercury in waters and urine was demonstrated. The procedure requires low sample volumes and reagents and can be further applied to all chemical reactions involving HIFU. The inherent advantages of SIA, FIA, and HIFU applications in terms of high throughput, automation, low reagent consumption, and green chemistry are accomplished together for the first time in the present work.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Analises do IST and Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Antonio C L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Conceição
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rial-Otero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaz
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Capelo
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010663:Phenylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds; D010472:Perchlorates; D010663:Phenylmercury Compounds; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D014867:Water; C031068:sodium perchlorate; D008628:Mercury; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid