title: Short-term effects of the prestige oil spill on the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus).
abstract: We have monitored the distribution, population status, breeding success, turnover rate and diet of a Peregrine Falcon population in Bizkaia (North of Spain) since 1997. On the 13th November 2002, the tanker Prestige sunk off La Coruña (NW Spain) causing an oil spill that affected the whole of the Cantabrian Coast and the Southwest of France. The total number of birds affected by the Prestige oil spill was expected to be between 115,000 and 230,000, some of them raptors. The loss of clutches during the incubation period increased significantly and was correlated with the loss of females. Moreover, the turnover rate of the population increased from 21% to 30%. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the eggs, collected from five nests after they were deserted, ranged from 21.20 ng/g to 461.08 ng/g, values which are high enough to cause the death of the embryos and poisoning of adult birds. The effects of pollution reached inland since some inland-breeding falcons prey on shorebirds that use rivers during their migratory flights. As the Prestige oil spill has clearly resulted in increased rates of adult mortality and reduced fertility, we suggest that the environmental authorities urgently undertake measures aimed at protecting the Peregrine Falcon in Bizkaia.
authors.affiliation: Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi, Zorroagagaina Kalea, 11, 20014 Donostia-San, Spain. zuberogoitia@icarus.es
authors.forename: Iñigo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zuberogoitia
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Agurtzane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iraeta
authors.forename: Ainara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azkona
authors.forename: Jabi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zabala
authors.forename: Begoña
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gómez
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000818:Animals; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D046093:Falconiformes / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005648:Fuel Oils / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000737:chemistry; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012767:Ships; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005648:Fuel Oils; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical