title: Looking to the future: electrical stimulation for obesity.
abstract: Among all classes of therapies for morbid obesity-behavioral, drugs, devices, and surgery-devices for electrical stimulation are a relatively new approach. This article reviews the history of electrical therapies for the gastrointestinal tract with an emphasis on the development of stimulation for obesity. Based on similar animal work, electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract has been applied to treat morbid obesity much in the way it has been used to treat nausea and vomiting. The current status of gastrointestinal electrical stimulation for the treatment of morbid obesity is reviewed, with an emphasis on human studies. The physics of electrical stimulation and the possible mechanism of stimulation in the gastrointestinal tract, including for the treatment of morbid obesity, are also discussed. Future work on stimulation for obesity offers the opportunity for better understanding of possible mechanisms of action.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA. tabell@medicine.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Abell
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minocha
authors.forename: Nighat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abidi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015431:Weight Loss