title: The antiproliferative effect of Quercetin in cancer cells is mediated via inhibition of the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The tumor suppressor gene PTEN, mutated in 40-50% of patients with brain tumors, especially those with glioblastomas, maps to chromosome 10q23.3 and encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase. PTEN exerts its effects partly via inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase B (Akt/Protein Kinase B), which is involved in the phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated cell-survival pathway. The naturally occurring bioflavonoid Quercetin (Qu) shares structural homology with the commercially available selective PI3K inhibitor, LY 294002 (LY). Here, the effects of Qu on the Akt/PKB pathway were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The human breast carcinoma cell lines, HCC1937, with homozygous deletion of the PTEN gene, and T47D, with intact PTEN, were time-treated with Qu or LY and analyzed for activated levels of Akt by measuring phospho-Akt (p-Akt) levels using immunoblotting analysis. To detect p-Akt, the T47D cells were treated with EGF prior to treatment with or without Qu or LY Cell proliferation after 24-h treatment with Qu or LY was quantified by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with Qu (25 microM) for 0.5, 1 and 3 h completely suppressed constitutively activated Akt/PKB phosphorylation at Ser-473 in HCC1937 cells. Pre-exposing T47D cells to Qu (25 microM) or LY (10 microM) abrogated EGF-induced Akt/PKB phosphorylation at Ser-473. Both Qu (100 microM) and LY (50 microM) treatments for 24 h significantly decreased cell proliferation, as shown by the MTT assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacologically safe doses of the naturally occurring bioflavonoid Qu inhibit the PI3K-Akt/PKB pathway, in a manner similar to that of the commercially available LY. Overall, our results indicated that Qu inhibited the constitutively activated-Akt/PKB pathway in PTEN-null cancer cells, and suggest that this compound may have therapeutic benefit against tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laudet
authors.forename: Vahe Michael
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Zohrabian
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murali
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jhanwar-Uniyal
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011794:Quercetin; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one