title: Cytokine release of mononuclear leukocytes (PBMC) after contact to a carbonated calcium phosphate bone cement.
abstract: Human leukocytes (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC) were overlaid on calcium phosphate bone cement (CBC, Norian SRS) and allowed to settle for 1 h under cell culture conditions. Subsequently, the cells were either left unstimulated (i.e. sham stimulation using cell culture medium), or stimulated with toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1, 10 ng/mL), staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB, 10 ng/mL), or concanavalin A (ConA, 2 microg/mL) for further 24 h using cell culture conditions. Supernatants were then analyzed for cytokine content (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1ra; IL-2; IL-6; IL-10; IL-12) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. While the spontaneous generation of cytokines was not influenced, the IL-2 release from stimulated PBMC was significantly decreased in contrast to other analyzed cytokines after contact to the curing CBC compared to control incubations without CBC. This decrease in IL-2 release was not due to known inhibitors of IL-2 synthesis platelet factor-4 (PF-4), IL-10, TGF-beta, or elevated calcium ion concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, BG Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, D-44789, Bochum, Germany. thomas.a.schildhauer@rub.de
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schildhauer
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muhr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Köller
mesh_terms: D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008422:Materials Testing
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D016207:Cytokines; D002244:Carbon; C020243:calcium phosphate