title: Traumatic brain injury and pain.
abstract: The co-occurrence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and pain is quite frequent and presents a number of challenges to the medical practitioner. The distinct nature and extent of these challenges calls for considering the co-existence of TBI and pain a unique medical entity. Clearly, from a research standpoint, the area is in its infancy. The clinician is often left with adapting standard techniques effective for evaluating and treating pain in patients without TBI. Such adaptations require a readiness to recognize how pain affects the presence and course of TBI-related symptoms and, in turn, how TBI symptoms affect the presence and course of pain. Given the myriad factors that can affect outcome, effective evaluation and treatment of this co-occurring problem need to rely on a biopsychosocial model, which encourages consideration of a broad perspective of possible causes and care approaches as well as use of multiple disciplines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195-6490, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen Brewer
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Myron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D018710:Pain Clinics; D010147:Pain Measurement; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics