title: Hypospadias associated undescended testis in a Spigelian hernia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  First described in 1764, Spigelian hernias are rare. The patient profile is of an overweight, 50-year-old with associated respiratory disease. However we report the case of a four-month-old, with an associated hypospadias and cryptorchidism, where the testis was lying in a spigelian hernia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To highlight this unusual presentation of cryptorchidism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embryological development is a complex event that relies on the sequencing of hormonal surges for anatomical development. In this case report we postulate that the findings are secondary to hormonal disruption.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Urology, Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick. orfhlaith.osullivan@ucd.ie
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bannon
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Clyne
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flood
mesh_terms: D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000378:metabolism; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000151:congenital* / Q000196:embryology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins