In Vivo radioprotective effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and identification of active ginsenosides.
This study evaluated the effect of water extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG), panaxadiol (PD), panaxatriol (PT), ginsenoside Rb(1), Rb(2), Rc, Rd, Re and Rg(1) on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells in gamma-irradiated mice. Jejunal crypts were protected by pretreatment with PG, Rc and Rd. Administration of PG, PD, Rd and Re prior to irradiation resulted in an increase in the formation of endogenous spleen colonies. The frequency of radiation-induced apoptosis in intestinal crypt cells was also reduced by pretreatment with PG, PD, Rb(2), Rc, Rd, Re and Rg(1). In experiments on the effects of the individual ginsenosides, the rank order of activity was Rc > Rd > Rg(1) > Rb(2) > Re > Rb(1) on intestinal crypt survival assay, Re > Rb(2) > Rd > Rg(1) > Rb(1) > Rc on the spleen colony formation assay, and Rg(1) > Re > Rd > Rc > Rb(2) > Rb(1) on inhibiting the death of cells caused by apoptosis. The results indicated that Rc, Rd and Re may have a major radioprotective effect in mice irradiated with high and low doses of radiation. When the same experiments were performed using PD and PT, it was observed that most of the inhibitory effects came from PD rather than PT.
Lee
Hae June
HJ
College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea.
Kim
Se Ra
SR
Kim
Jong Choon
JC
Kang
Chang Mo
CM
Lee
Yun Sil
YS
Jo
Sung Kee
SK
Kim
Tae Hwan
TH
Jang
Jong Sik
JS
Nah
Seung Yeol
SY
Kim
Sung Ho
SH
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays; D007583:Jejunum / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D005894:Panax; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018517:Plant Roots; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*
D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents