title: Phenolic constituents of Malus doumeri var. formosana in the field of skin care.
abstract: Plant phenolic compounds isolated from a 70% aqueous acetone extract of the leaves of Malus doumeri A. CHEV. var. formosana (KAWAK. & KOIDZ.) S. S. YING, a type of Taiwanese indigenous plant, were evaluated for potential application in the field of skin care. A phytochemical investigation of the active fractions resulted in the isolation of seven compounds of which the structures were identified by spectroscopic characterization. In the present study, the isolated phenolic compounds were evaluated for their free radical-scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the superoxide radicals, anti-elastase, and for their anti-matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) activity in human skin fibroblast cells. Of these compounds, 3-hydroxyphloridzin (2), 3-hydroxyphloretin (6), and quercetin (7) exhibited the strongest DPPH and superoxide radical-scavenging activities. The IC50 values of these compounds were 9.2, 7.7, and 15.4 microM, respectively, for the DPPH radical, and 25.0, 19.6, and 42.6 microM, respectively, for the superoxide radical. 3-Hydroxyphloridzin (2) and 3-hydroxyphloretin (6) also showed xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 52.1 and 22.4 muM, respectively. In the test for elastase inhibitory activity, phloretin (5) and 3-hydroxyphloretin (6) were the most potent compounds. Phloretin (5), 3-hydroxyphloretin (6), and quercetin (7) showed better inhibition of MMP-1 production in fibroblast cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the active phenolic compounds from M. doumeri var. formosana have been isolated, reported, and described. The above results suggest that the extract of M. doumeri var. formosana containing phenolic compounds could be suitable naturally occurring active constituents for use in anti-aging or cosmetic products.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sy Jye
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.forename: Yi Pei
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rong Dih
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chi Luan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Kur Ta
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Feng Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Mei Hsien
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007700:Kinetics; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D017592:Skin Care; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002364:Caseins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013481:Superoxides; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D045726:Metalloproteases; C022616:thiazolyl blue