title: Generating new knowledge from existing data: the use of large data sets for nursing research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An unprecedented amount of data from a variety of disciplines containing variables of interest to nursing are available to nurse researchers. In response, the use of large data sets is emerging as a legitimate method that can help facilitate the translation of knowledge to practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the spectrum of methodological issues and practical applications encountered by three nurse researchers using secondary data analysis of three existing large data sets as a means to ask new questions and generate new nursing knowledge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three research studies using the analysis of three existing large data sets were described. The following are discussed: developing a theoretical framework, selecting an appropriate data set, operationalizing and measuring variables, preparing data for analysis, and identifying threats to validity and reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the use of existing data may shorten the time from question to answer, the research process remains the same. The three research studies were used to illustrate conceptual congruence, threats to internal and external validity, and threats to reliability and generalizability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data obtained from a variety of disciplines and for a variety of reasons can and should be used to answer nursing practice and research questions. Using existing large data sets offers nurse researchers a unique opportunity to ask and answer questions that can affect how nurses care for patients in a time-effective and cost-efficient manner. Exploring the spectrum of methodological issues and practical applications involved in this work will help guide nurse researchers through the process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal Child Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. tramagee@uic.edu
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Karen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Munro
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009742:Nursing Theory; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software