title: [Effects of cigarette, alcohol consumption and sauna on sperm morphology].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate effects of cigarette, alcohol consumption and sauna on sperm morphology.
  
  
  METHODS
  602 cases of male infertility were selected from our case database, who were divided into three subgroups: smoking (243) , drinking(224), sauna(135) and those without any of the above habits were taken as the corresponding controls. The sperm morphology were analyzed by automated sperm morphology analyzer(ASMA). A questionnaire was voluntarily filled out by patients in order to investigate cigarette, alcohol consumption and sauna frequency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normal morphologic sperm rates in cigarette, alcohol consumption and sauna groups were lower than those in the corresponding control groups, respectively(P <0.05, P <0.001). Percentages of irregularity head sperm were higher than those in normal controls, respectively(P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette, alcohol consumption and sauna could affect sperm morphology, especially caused increasing of irregularity head sperm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hong-guo
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bai-gong
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yan-wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rui-zhi
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D029002:Steam Bath / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires