title: Tiotropium for the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines recommend the use of inhaled tiotropium in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, this statement is based on a relatively small number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and related systematic reviews. This review was undertaken to incorporate the more recent evidence available about the effectiveness of tiotropium bromide compared with placebo, iptratropium bromide or long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs), for the treatment of stable COPD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (to February 2006) were searched to identify all published RCTs. We also searched bibliographies of relevant articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 13 RCT (6078 subjects, 80% male) showed that tiotropium reduced COPD-related exacerbations (OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.68-0.87) and hospital admissions (OR=0.59; 95% CI: 0.47-0.73) compared with placebo. Also, tiotropium showed statistically significant improvement in lung function, including trough, average, and peak FEV(1) and FVC from baseline, compared with placebo and ipratropium. The administration of inhaled tiotropium lead to 30% reduction in COPD-related admissions (OR= 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46-0.98) compared with LABAs. Finally, increases in FEV(1) and FVC from baseline were significantly larger with tiotropium than with LABAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review clearly supports the beneficial effects of the use of tiotropium in stable moderate-to-severe COPD patients, and increases the evidence in favor of the superiority of tiotropium on LABAs.
authors.affiliation: Clínica Respirar, Benito Nardone 2310, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay. grodrig@adinet.com.uy
authors.forename: Gustavo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: Luís J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Nannini
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D009241:Ipratropium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D009241:Ipratropium; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide