Hypothalamic regulatory pathways and potential obesity treatment targets.
With an ever-growing population of obese people as well as comorbidities associated with obesity, finding effective weight loss strategies is more imperative than ever. One of the challenges in curbing the obesity crisis is designing successful strategies for long-term weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Currently, weight-loss strategies include promotion of therapeutic lifestyle changes (diet and exercise), pharmacological therapy, and bariatric surgery. This review focuses on several pharmacological targets that activate central nervous system pathways that normally limit food intake and body weight. Though it is likely that no single therapy will prove effective for everyone, this review considers several recent pre-clinical targets, and several compounds that have been in human clinical trials.
Jobst
Erin E
EE
Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA. jobste@pacificu.edu
Enriori
Pablo J
PJ
Sinnayah
Puspha
P
Cowley
Michael A
MA
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000502:physiology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008543:Melanins / Q000502:physiology; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D044101:Receptors, Melanocortin / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000077236:Topiramate; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000502:physiology; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein
D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008543:Melanins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; D011506:Proteins; D044101:Receptors, Melanocortin; D000098882:Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript Protein; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D000521:alpha-MSH; C019463:melanin-concentrating hormone; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases