title: Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of biphasic insulin aspart and insulin glargine in people with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of biphasic insulin aspart (BIAsp 30) (30% soluble, 70% protaminated insulin aspart [IAsp]) and insulin glargine (IGlarg) were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve people with type 2 diabetes took part in two 24-h isoglycaemic clamp studies, 1 week apart. Patients were randomised to treatment with 0.5 U/kg of BIAsp 30 (0.25 U/kg at 08.30 h and 0.25 U/kg at 20.30 h) or 0.50 U/kg IGlarg at 08.30 h. Both insulins were given by subcutaneous injection into the anterior abdominal wall. The plasma glucose, glucose infusion rates, plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 12 patients were men; mean (+/-SD) age was 58.8 (8.9) years, BMI 31.0 (3.0) kg/m2 and HbA(1c) 7.1 (0.6)%. Plasma glucose was constant throughout the 24-h clamp period. After each injection of BIAsp 30, glucose infusion rates increased, reaching a distinct peak approximately 3-5 h after injection. A much flatter postinjection profile was observed following IGlarg administration. Plasma insulin concentrations rose rapidly after each injection of BIAsp 30, reaching a distinct peak after approximately 2-3 h. A flatter plasma insulin profile reached a plateau approximately 6-16 h after IGlarg administration. Plasma C-peptide fell below baseline after both injections of BIAsp 30 but remained unaltered after IGlarg injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles were 34 and 28%, respectively, higher following equivalent doses (0.5 U/kg) of BIAsp 30 given as two split doses than following IGlarg given as a single daily dose.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Unit, Llandough Hospital, Penlan Road, Penarth, South Glamorgan, CF64 2XX, UK. Luzio@Cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luzio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunseath
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pauvaday
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Owens
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D061265:Biphasic Insulins; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D061265:Biphasic Insulins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; C557564:insulin aspart, insulin aspart protamine drug combination 30:70; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D061267:Insulin Aspart