title: Factors associated with participation in breast cancer treatment clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is well established that recruitment to clinical trials (CTs) is difficult and time consuming. This article reports on factors related to CT participation among women who were invited to participate in a CT for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast cancer patients who were eligible for a CT were identified by 16 different cancer centers. After their invitation to participate in a trial, patients who were undecided about participation in a CT were recruited into the present study at that time. After a patient made a decision about trial participation, a telephone interview was conducted to assess knowledge of CTs, perceived benefits and drawbacks of CTs, and personal factors affecting the women's decision regarding participation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 208 patients participated in the study. Fifty-eight percent of the patients decided to participate in a trial. Logistic regression analyses showed that the factors best explaining participation were trial phase, perceived drawbacks, time and travel considerations, therapeutic benefit of trial, and physician recommendation. Participation rates were similar for both phase I and phase III trials. However, a higher percentage of women recruited to phase II trials accepted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that reducing drawbacks of CT participation, particularly travel time, and improving physician communication of trials are needed to increase trial participation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA. navis@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Avis
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Gabriel N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
authors.forename: Edgardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003625:Data Collection; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D018579:Patient Selection; D010465:Perception; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014195:Travel