title: Association between the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene and increased 24-h diastolic blood pressure in obese patients with type II diabetes.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine an association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and blood pressure values assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese patients with long-lasting type II diabetes. Two hundred and fourteen obese patients (95 men and 119 women) with above 10-year history of type II diabetes were recruited for the study. In all the patients, ABPM was performed and other parameters, including age, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), haemoglobin A1c (HbA(1c)), serum lipids and creatinine were also evaluated. The Pro12Ala polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Two subgroups of patients were compared: (a) Pro/Pro: homozygotic Pro/Pro (n=154) and (b) Ala: Ala allele carriers (Ala/Ala+Ala/Pro) (n=60). The studied groups were not different when age, BMI, WHR, HbA(1c), lipids, creatinine and frequency of hypertension were compared. A similar ratio of patients from both groups were treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, beta-blockers and alpha-blockers. A difference was observed in a mean 24-h (Ala: 71.9+/-8.1 vs Pro/Pro: 69.4+/-7.8 mm Hg, P=0.034) and a mean night time (Ala: 67.1+/-7.8 vs Pro/Pro: 64.5+/-8.4 mm Hg, P=0.025) diastolic blood pressure, which was significantly higher in patients with Ala variant. There was also a trend towards a higher mean daytime diastolic blood pressure in this group. It seems that the Pro12Ala variant is associated with an increased mean 24-h diastolic blood pressure in obese diabetic patients. Different reaction for antihypertensive medication depending on a variant of the PPAR-gamma2 gene should also be considered as a possible cause of the presented results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. stefend@sci.pam.szczecin.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefański
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Majkowska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciechanowicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frankow
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safranow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parczewski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moleda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pilarska
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D011392:Proline; D000409:Alanine