title: SPECT/CT using 67Ga and 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for diagnosis of infection.
abstract: The present study evaluated the role of SPECT/CT as an adjunct to (67)Ga (GS) or (111)In-labeled white blood cell (WBC) scintigraphy for diagnosis or localization of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two patients (56 male and 26 female; mean age, 62 y) assessed for known or suspected infectious processes underwent 88 SPECT/CT studies. Forty-seven patients underwent GS SPECT/CT (13 with fever of unknown origin, 21 with suspected osteomyelitis, and 13 with suspected soft-tissue infection), and 35 patients underwent WBC SPECT/CT (24 with suspected vascular graft infection, and 11 with suspected osteomyelitis). Ninety-eight suggestive sites were identified (52 on GS and 46 on WBC). Additional information provided by SPECT/CT for diagnosis or localization of infection, as compared with planar and SPECT scintigraphy, was recorded. The SPECT/CT contribution was analyzed on a patient and site basis and was compared for the 2 tracers and clinical indications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPECT/CT provided additional information for infection diagnosis and localization in 39 (48%) of 82 patients and in 47 (48%) of 98 sites. SPECT/CT defined the extent of infection in 35 patients (43%) in 43 sites (44%) and excluded infection in 4 suggestive sites defined as physiologic bowel uptake on GS. SPECT/CT was incorrect in 2 suggestive sites (1 GS and 1 WBC). The contribution of SPECT/CT was significantly higher for WBC than for GS (P < 0.05)--in 63% versus 36% of patients, respectively, and in 61% versus 36% of sites, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPECT/CT made an incremental contribution to GS and WBC in 48% of patients with suspected infections, by improving diagnosis, localization, and definition of extent of disease. SPECT/CT has an important role mainly with highly specific, low-background infection-seeking tracers such as WBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. r_bar_shalom@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bar-Shalom
authors.forename: Nikolay
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yefremov
authors.forename: Luda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guralnik
authors.forename: Zohar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Keidar
authors.forename: Ahuva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Samy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitecki
authors.forename: Ora
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Israel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D006801:Humans; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007239:Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D007962:Leukocytes; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005710:Gallium Radioisotopes; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes