title: Synergistic efficacy of botanical blends with and without synthetic insecticides against Aedes aegypti and Culex annulirostris mosquitoes.
abstract: Increasing insecticide resistance requires strategies to prolong the use of highly effective vector control compounds. The use of combinations of insecticides with other insecticides and phytochemicals is one such strategy that is suitable for mosquito control. In bioassays with Aedes aegypti and Culex annulirostris mosquitoes, binary mixtures of phytochemicals with or without synthetic insecticides produced promising results when each was applied at a LC25 dose. All mixtures resulted in 100% mortality against Cx. annulirostris larvae within 24 h rather than the expected mortality of 50%. All mixtures acted synergistically against Ae. aegypti larvae within the first 24 h except for one mixture that showed an additive effect. We conclude that mixtures are more effective than insecticides or phytochemicals alone and that they enable a reduced dose to be applied for vector control potentially leading to improved resistance management and reduced costs.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Aswan Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan, Egypt.
authors.forename: Essam Abdel-Salam
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shaalan
authors.forename: Deon Vahid
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Canyon
authors.forename: Mohamed Wagdy Faried
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: Hoda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdel-Wahab
authors.forename: Abdel-Hamid
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mansour
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000737:chemistry; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts