title: Stages of change, processes of change, and social support for exercise and weight gain in postpartum women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the extent to which social support and variables included in the Transtheoretical Model were explanatory for exercise initiation and weight maintenance in postpartum women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional descriptive design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in the participant's homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postpartum women who had normal pregnancies were interviewed and measured on body fat, physical activity, and psychosocial scales.
  
  
  METHODS
  (a) Stages of exercise change measure, (b) Seven Day Recall, (c) Friend and Family Support for Exercise Scale, (d) Processes of Change Questionnaire, and (e) body fat measures including body mass index and percent body fat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty percent reported engaging in vigorous activity less than 1 hour daily, 55% walked less than four city blocks daily, and 52% engaged in less than 2 hours of vigorous weekend activity. Multilinear regression showed that the processes of change contributed 36% to the body mass index, and 21% of the variance in waist-thigh ratio. Of the processes of change, environmental reevaluation correlated significantly with body mass index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impact of a woman's weight on others as well as information concerning the health effects of obesity and physical activity could enhance the initiation of exercise in the postpartum woman.
authors.affiliation: Center for Improving Healthy Outcomes in Aging, Arizona State University, College of Nursing, Tempe, AZ, USA. Colleen.Keller@asu.edu
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Mindy B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Tinkle
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D009042:Motivation; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D011181:Postnatal Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain