title: Relative cerebral blood volume maps corrected for contrast agent extravasation significantly correlate with glioma tumor grade, whereas uncorrected maps do not.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) estimates for high-grade gliomas computed with dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging are artificially lowered by contrast extravasation through a disrupted blood-brain barrier. We hypothesized that rCBV corrected for agent leakage would correlate significantly with histopathologic tumor grade, whereas uncorrected rCBV would not.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed dynamic T2*-weighted perfusion MR imaging on 43 patients with a cerebral glioma after prebolus gadolinium diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid administration to diminish competing extravasation-induced T1 effects. The rCBV was computed from non-necrotic enhancing tumor regions by integrating the relaxivity-time data, with and without contrast extravasation correction by using a linear fitting algorithm, and was normalized to contralateral brain. We determined the statistical correlation between corrected and uncorrected normalized rCBV and histopathologic tumor grade with the Spearman rank correlation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven, 9, and 23 patients had WHO grades II, III, and IV glioma, respectively. Mean uncorrected normalized rCBVs were 1.53, 2.51, and 2.14 (grade II, III, and IV). Corrected normalized rCBVs were 1.52, 2.84, and 3.96. Mean absolute discrepancies between uncorrected and corrected rCBVs were 2% (0%-15%), 16% (0%-106%), and 74% (0%-411%). The correlation between corrected rCBV and tumor grade was significant (0.60; P < .0001), whereas it was not for uncorrected rCBV (0.15; P = .35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For gliomas, rCBV estimation that correlates significantly with WHO tumor grade necessitates contrast extravasation correction. Without correction, artificially lowered rCBV may be construed erroneously to reflect lower tumor grade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Boxerman
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schmainda
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weisskoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001810:Blood Volume; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged