title: Neuregulin 1 transcripts are differentially expressed in schizophrenia and regulated by 5' SNPs associated with the disease.
abstract: Genetic variation in neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is associated with schizophrenia. The disease-associated SNPs are noncoding, and their functional implications remain unknown. We hypothesized that differential expression of the NRG1 gene explains its association to the disease. We examined four of the disease-associated SNPs that make up the original risk haplotype in the 5' upstream region of the gene for their effects on mRNA abundance of NRG1 types I-IV in human postmortem hippocampus. Diagnostic comparisons revealed a 34% increase in type I mRNA in schizophrenia and an interaction of diagnosis and genotype (SNP8NRG221132) on this transcript. Of potentially greater interest, a single SNP within the risk haplotype (SNP8NRG243177) and a 22-kb block of this core haplotype are associated with mRNA expression for the novel type IV isoform in patients and controls. Bioinformatic promoter analyses indicate that both SNPs lead to a gain/loss of putative binding sites for three transcription factors, serum response factor, myelin transcription factor-1, and High Mobility Group Box Protein-1. These data implicate variation in isoform expression as a molecular mechanism for the genetic association of NRG1 with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom. amanda.law@psych.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Barbara K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lipska
authors.forename: Cynthia Shannon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Weickert
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Weinberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C094131:NRG1 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D020890:Neuregulin-1; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors