title: Endoscopic examination and tissue sampling of the bovine teat and udder cistern.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of an endoscopic technique to investigate the teat and udder cisterns of the bovine mammary gland, and to biopsy tissues within the cisterns. An anesthetic protocol for application in standing animals was designed, using a combination of general and local anesthesia. Individual quarter milk production (QMP), quarter somatic cell count (SCC), and occurrence of new intramammary infection were assessed after application of the technique, and possible applications for biopsies collected were investigated. Bovine teat and gland cistern lining could be visualized and small biopsy samples could be collected. The collected biopsy samples were successfully used in histological-histopathological examination and PCR analysis. To study the impact of endoscopy on QMP, milk SCC, and bacteriology, endoscopic examination of 12 low SCC (<200,000 cells/ mL) quarters was performed in 8 different first- and second-lactation cows. Immediately following endoscopy, 8 quarters received antibiotic treatment, whereas 4 quarters remained untreated. During a 15-d follow-up, no new intramammary infection could be observed in the endoscopically treated quarters. For QMP, no significant interaction between time and treatment could be observed throughout the 15-d follow-up period. Quarter SCC did not differ among treatments (control, endoscopy with antibiotics, and endoscopy without antibiotics). In conclusion, the endoscopic technique is suitable for examination and tissue biopsy collection of the bovine mammary gland cisterns without major interference with QMP and quarter SCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology-Biometrics, Milk Secretion and Mastitis Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. christian.burvenich@UGent.be
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vangroenweghe
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van den Broeck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Ketelaere
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Bree
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burvenich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001706:Biopsy / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002452:Cell Count; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics; D007774:Lactation; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000473:pathology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D008892:Milk / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases