title: The association of parental characteristics and psychological problems in obese youngsters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine to what extent parental psychological characteristics and parental behavior are related to psychological problems in obese youngsters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 196 families having an overweight youngster (range 10-16 years old) (mean body mass index (BMI)=31.2; s.d.=5.3) seeking weight-loss treatment and compared with data from normal weight samples. Behavior problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist; the Child version of the Eating Disorder Examination was used to assess eating disorder psychopathology. Parental psychopathology was measured using the Symptom Checklist-90; parenting behavior was assessed with the Ghent Parental Behavior Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parental psychopathology was prevalent in 59.6% of mothers and 35.7% of fathers. Youngsters exceeding the cutoff for problem behavior ranged between 41.4 and 53.1%. Children's problem behavior was most associated with psychopathology in the mother (r=0.40 for Internalizing and r=0.37 for Externalizing; both P<0.01). The research findings further revealed that the effects of maternal psychopathology were partly mediated by a specific form of parenting behavior, namely Inconsistent discipline, although the effect was stronger for Externalizing behavior (explained variance: 10%) than for Internalizing behavior (explained variance: 4%). No evidence was found for a mediator effect from parenting behavior on the eating disorder symptoms of the obese youngsters. However, several direct relations emerged, suggesting a negative association between a child's eating disorder symptoms and Positive parenting behavior by the mother (r= -0.20 for Eating concern; r= -0.18 for Restraint eating; r= -0.16 for Shape concern; all P<0.05) as well as by the father (r= -0.25 for Eating concern; r= -0.25 for Weight concern; both P<0.01; r= -0.21 for Shape concern; P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parental characteristics were associated with psychological problems in obese youngsters, not only in a direct way but also indirectly. The effects were partly mediated by a particular ineffective parenting style, namely inconsistent discipline on the part of the mother. Pediatric obesity treatments should focus more on parenting behaviors and parental characteristics.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Decaluwé
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Vlierberghe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors