title: p16(INK4alpha)/exon 2 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  In the samples of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck region studied, mutations of exon 2 were quite rare. In contrast to the other three mutations, the G to C transversion on position 169 (Ala57Pro) has been found in several other studies before. Further investigations on mutations of the other exons 1alpha, 1beta and 3 are necessary.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Alterations of p16(INK4A) have been found in different types of human cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to perform a screening for alterations of exon 2 of different SCCs of the head and neck region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty samples of different SCCs of the head and neck were collected by biopsy or surgical resection. Exon 2 was amplified by using the primers 5'-GGTGAGGGGGCTCTACACAAG-3' and 5'-GTCTCCCGGGCTGAACTTTC-3'. DNA was sequenced with the primer 5'-CGGGCTGAACTTTCTGTGCT-3'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mutations were found in 4 of our 40 samples. One sample showed a G to C transversion on position 169 (Ala57Pro), a second sample from the same patient confirmed the latter transition but also contained a transition C to T on position 179 (Ala60Val). Another patient showed an already known polymorphism, a transition G to A at position 442 (Ala148Thr). The third case was a transversion C to A on position 213 (Asn71Lys).
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Duisburg/Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehnerdt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D019942:Genes, p16; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm