title: Current status and perspective of antiangiogenic therapy for cancer: urinary cancer.
abstract: Angiogenesis is considered a prerequisite for solid tumor growth. Antiangiogenic therapy reduces tumor size and extends host survival in a number of preclinical animal models. However, in humans antiangiogenic therapy is a poor promoter of tumor regression and has shown minimal effect on patient survival. In urinary cancers, such as renal cell cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer, advanced refractory disease is a good candidate for antiangiogenic therapy because of its resistance to ordinary chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Unique characteristics of molecular mechanisms underlie the induction of angiogenesis in urinary cancers. In this review, we summarize these unique mechanisms and review the results of clinical trials of antiangiogenic therapy for these cancers, discussing prospects and problems relating to antiangiogenic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Endothelial Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. skanda-jua@umin.net
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanetake
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A