title: Disparities in diabetes-related hospitalizations: relationship of age, sex, and race/ethnicity with hospital discharges, lengths of stay, and direct inpatient charges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify any differences in hospitalization rates of diabetes patients by age, sex, or race/ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of Georgia hospital discharge data between 1998 and 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adjusted hospitalization data (discharge rates, length of stay, direct charges) reported as standardized rates per 10,000 person-years, standardized rate differences, and standardized rate ratios, compared by age, sex, and race/ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes was the principal diagnosis in 50,301 discharges (average age, 51 years; length of stay, 5.1 days; median total charge, $5893). Persons > or = 60 years old had higher discharge rates, longer stays, and higher charges than persons 18-29 years old. Women had fewer hospitalizations, shorter stays, and lower charges than men. Non-Hispanic Blacks had more than three times as many hospitalizations, markedly longer stays, and higher charges than non-Hispanic Whites. Hispanics with diabetes had lower hospitalization rates, shorter stays, and lower charges than Whites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences by age, sex, and race/ethnicity in hospital discharge rates, lengths of stay, and charges exist for diabetes inpatients. Further study should examine potential causes (severity of disease, comorbidity, and differential access to preventive care) of these disparities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259, USA.
authors.forename: Curtiss B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Dorothy B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hentz
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Circe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Ziemer
authors.forename: Lance A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Waller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D017722:Hospital Charges; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge