title: Highlights in opioid agonists and antagonists.
abstract: This review highlights new insights in to opioid agonists and antagonists, focusing on their mechanism of action with spinal and systemic administration, chronic use and main adverse effects. Short-cuts on some opioid agonists and antagonists of clinical interest are also presented, revealing potential clinical implications and future clinical directions as part of multimodal analgesia.
authors.affiliation: University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão, Preto-rua Campos Sales, 330, apto 44 Ribeirâo Preto, São Paulo 15015-110, Brazil. grlauret@fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: Gabriela Rocha
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lauretti
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D011957:Receptors, Opioid