title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction: direct transportation to catheterization laboratory by emergency teams reduces door-to-balloon time.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the recommended revascularization strategy for patients presenting with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In most hospitals, transfer of patients with STEMI is organized from the emergency site via emergency room (medical and cardiologic evaluation) and then to the catheterization laboratory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this prospective study, we sought to evaluate the effect of a logistic modification in this treatment process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local emergency ambulance teams were instructed to identify and evaluate patients with STEMI eligible for direct PCI and to transport them directly to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for immediate percutaneous coronary intervention ("ER bypass"). This study prospectively included 74 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndromes (STEMI) and compared them with a matched historic control group ("ER evaluation"). Primary endpoint was the reduction in door-to-balloon time; secondary endpoint was quality of preclinical emergency diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median door-to-balloon time was reduced by 27 min. Primary interventional success was achieved in 92% of patients. Preclinical emergency diagnoses were correct in 95% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preclinical emergency diagnosis of STEMI was reliable. Direct transport of patients with STEMI to the cardiac catheterization laboratory and early preclinical alert by the interventional PCI team significantly reduces door-to-balloon-times compared with established standard processes-of-care for patients considered for primary PCI.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik Freiburg, Department of Cardiology, Germany. andreasvandeloo@aol.com
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van de Loo
authors.forename: Bernward
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saurbier
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalbhenn
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koberne
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zehender
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000552:Ambulances / Q000592:standards*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods*; D002300:Cardiac Care Facilities; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014218:Triage