title: [Induction of spermatogenesis in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia after antegrade sclerotherapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to prove the efficacy of antegrade sclerotherapy for varicocele testis in patients with azoospermia and in patients with cryptozoospermia (less than 0.1 million spermatozoons/mL ejaculate). We have investigated the induction of spermatogenesis in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia after antegrade sclerotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 consecutive patients who had been trying to beget a child over a period of one year or longer were chosen for this study. All patients suffered from non-obstructive azoospermia or from cryptozoospermia. We produced a control spermiogram for each patient before, 3 and 6 months after antegrade sclerotherapy. The postoperative spermiogram was done according to WHO criteria and was then compared to the preoperative data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 patients (75 %) were found to suffer from azoospermia preoperatively and 5 patients (25 %) from cryptozoospermia. Out of the 15 patients with initial azoospermia 8 (53 %) showed cryptozoospermia (OAT/OT syndrome) after antegrade sclerotherapy. Out of the 5 patients with the initial cryptozoospermia 3 (60 %) showed an improvement in the sperm count and motility criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antegrade sclerotherapy for varicocele testis is a valid treatment option to isolate the spermatozoons from the ejaculate for extracorporeal fertilisation in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Complete normalisation of the spermiogram parameters, i.e., sufficient for natural child conception, cannot safely be achieved by this method.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel. dosmonov@urology.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Osmonov
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weyel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danilevicius
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alken
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jünemann
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Martinez Portillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000502:physiology; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*