title: Staining ability and biocompatibility of brilliant blue G: preclinical study of brilliant blue G as an adjunct for capsular staining.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and biocompatibility of brilliant blue G (BBG) for capsular visualization for continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The capsular staining ability of BBG was evaluated at graded concentrations of 10.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/mL in enucleated pig's eyes. The biocompatibility of BBG was assessed in rat's eyes for 2 months. The eyes were analyzed using light, fluorescence, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopy. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) was used to detect apoptotic cells, and endothelial cell counts were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The results were compared using indocyanine green and trypan blue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BBG improved capsular visualization, and a complete capsulorrhexis could be performed. In the rat model, no apparent toxic effect was observed using biomicroscopy during 2 months. Histologically, BBG showed satisfactory biocompatibility. Apoptotic cell death of the endothelial cells was detected in only the trypan blue group. In contrast to BBG, indocyanine green and trypan blue showed degeneration of corneal endothelial cells using transmission and scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BBG contributed to better capsular visualization and caused no apparent complications to the corneal endothelium.Clinical Relevance The BBG is effective and safe capsular staining for continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisatomi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enaida
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tadahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kagimoto
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects; D019923:Capsulorhexis; D002452:Cell Count; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000009:adverse effects; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004396:Coloring Agents; C006796:brilliant blue; D014343:Trypan Blue; D007208:Indocyanine Green