title: Short interfering RNA-mediated gene silencing of vascular endothelial growth factor: effects on cellular proliferation in colon cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By using short interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit the in vitro expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, we hope to further investigate the presence of an autocrine loop in colon cancer cells. We hypothesize that VEGF inhibition will result in decreased cellular proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colon cancer cells were evaluated for the expression of VEGF and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). In vitro assessments were then made of the ability of anti-VEGF siRNA to knock down expression of VEGF and the subsequent effect this decreased expression had on colon cancer cell proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical oncology research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human colon cancer cells from the RKO cell line were transfected with siRNA targeting the coding region of VEGF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blot analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to establish the ability of siRNA to decrease VEGF production. Proliferation assays were run on transfected and wild-type cells to establish concomitant decrease in VEGF expression and cellular proliferation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RKO colon cancer cells expressed both VEGF and VEGFR-2. Those cells transfected with siRNA targeting VEGF showed a 94% knockdown in VEGF expression and a 67% decrease in cellular proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colon cancer cells expressing VEGF and VEGFR-2 may possess an autocrine growth pathway that can be effectively targeted using RNA interference as an antiangiogenic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Conn., USA.
authors.forename: Abby L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mulkeen
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uchio
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cha
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A