title: H2O2 intensifies CN(-)-induced apoptosis in pea leaves.
abstract: H2O2 intensifies CN(-)-induced apoptosis in stoma guard cells and to lesser degree in basic epidermal cells in peels of the lower epidermis isolated from pea leaves. The maximum effect of H2O2 on guard cells was observed at 10(-4) M. By switching on non-cyclic electron transfer in chloroplasts menadione and methyl viologen intensified H2O2 generation in the light, but prevented the CN--induced apoptosis in guard cells. The light stimulation of CN- effect on guard cell apoptosis cannot be caused by disturbance of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase function and associated OH* generation in chloroplasts with participation of free transition metals in the Fenton or Haber-Weiss type reactions as well as with participation of the FeS clusters of the electron acceptor side of Photosystem I. Menadione and methyl viologen did not suppress the CN(-)-induced apoptosis in epidermal cells that, unlike guard cells, contain mitochondria only, but not chloroplasts. Quinacrine and diphenylene iodonium, inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase of cell plasma membrane, had no effect on the respiration and photosynthetic O2 evolution by leaf slices, but prevented the CN(-)-induced guard cell death. The data suggest that NAD(P)H oxidase of guard cell plasma membrane is a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) needed for execution of CN(-)-induced programmed cell death. Chloroplasts and mitochondria were inefficient as ROS sources in the programmed death of guard cells. When ROS generation is insufficient, exogenous H2O2 exhibits a stimulating effect on programmed cell death. H2O2 decreased the inhibitory effects of DCMU and DNP-INT on the CN(-)-induced apoptosis of guard cells. Quinacrine, DCMU, and DNP-INT had no effect on CN(-)-induced death of epidermal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology of Microorganisms, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia. vdsamuilov@mail.ru
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Samuilov
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kiselevsky
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sinitsyn
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shestak
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lagunova
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Nesov
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003486:Cyanides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004237:Diuron / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes; C026642:2-iodo-6-isopropyl-3-methyl-2',4,4'-trinitrodiphenyl ether; D004237:Diuron; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D001205:Ascorbic Acid