title: The Pediatric Vision Screener III: detection of strabismus in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical performance of the Pediatric Vision Screener (PVS) in children in a pediatric ophthalmology office setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven subjects between 2 and 18 years of age received gold-standard orthoptic examinations and were classified as at risk for amblyopia if strabismus or anisometropia (>1.50 diopters) was present. Strabismus was subclassified as variable or constant. The subjects were then tested with the PVS, which produced a pass or refer recommendation based on a binocularity score. The PVS also produced a yield score to indicate the subject's interest in the target. Sensitivity and specificity for amblyopia risk detection were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Binocularity as determined by the PVS was greater than 65% for all controls and less than 20% for all subjects with constant strabismus. Binocularity ranged from 0% to 52% in subjects with variable strabismus. All subjects with anisometropia and no strabismus had binocularity scores less than 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PVS identified strabismus, when present, in all subjects and identified 3 subjects with anisometropia as well. The PVS shows potential to address a lack of screening instrumentation appropriate for use with preschool-aged children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nassif
authors.forename: Nadya V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Piskun
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015348:Vision, Binocular