title: Women's experiences of intense fear related to childbirth investigated in a Swedish qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and describe how intense fear related to childbirth is experienced, dealt with and communicated from the perspective of the women themselves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative interviews analysed by a grounded theory approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in a mid-sized city in the northern part of Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  A purposeful sample of 20 women, aged 24-41 with experiences of intense fear related to childbirth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experience of fear was described in relation to 'manifestations', 'time and fluctuation' and 'judgements according to perceptions of self and others'. Ways of dealing with the fears could be divided into the approaches of 'evading', 'processing' and 'seeking help'. These were often used in parallel and as exchangeable depending on which approach seemed to be most effective to a particular situation. Although some informants indicated that talking through their fears had helped them, all women underlined that talking about the fear was not an easy thing to do. 'Preconditions' for being able to disclose their fears often concerned the interest and behaviour of antenatal health-care professionals, and an understanding midwife was described as crucial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that antenatal health-care professionals need further training in how to meet and support women with intense fear related to childbirth. Such training should include how to uncover and counter socially constructed norms and expectations about what pregnant women should feel in relation to childbirth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden. carola.eriksson@fammed.umu.se
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000523:psychology*; D008880:Midwifery / Q000379:methods*; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D033262:Narration; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden