title: Abundance and diversity of human-biting flies (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Tabanidae, Simuliidae) around a nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk, northwestern Russia.
abstract: In the summers of 2001 and 2002, we quantitatively sampled human-biting flies in twelve sites located 1.6 to 63 km from a large copper-nickel smelter at Monchegorsk on the Kola Peninsula, Russia. We collected 429 specimens of three species of Ceratopogonidae, 92 specimens of seven species of Culicidae, 76 specimens of seven species of Tabanidae, and 4,788 specimens of 19 species of Simuliidae. Culicoides chiropterus was for the first time reported from the Kola Peninsula. Catches of Culicidae and Simuliidae decreased near the smelter, presumably due to the combined action of toxicity of pollutants, pollution-induced forest damage, and decline in vertebrate density. An abundance of Ceratopogonidae and Tabanidae, the size of the most common black fly species, Simulium pusillum, and the diversity of all families did not change along the pollution gradient.
authors.affiliation: Section ofEcology, Department ofBiology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kozlov
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Brodskaya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haarto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuusela
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zverev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000453:epidemiology; D002519:Ceratopogonidae / Q000254:growth & development; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity; D009033:Culicidae / Q000254:growth & development; D004175:Diptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012426:Russia; D012621:Seasons; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000254:growth & development; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel