title: [Mechanism of reactive oxygen species in manganese chloride-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in manganese chloride (MnCl(2))-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model that MnCl(2) induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was established. The apoptotic effect of MnCl(2) on PC12 cells was analyzed with the MTT, the flow cytometry and the DNA fragmentation. The production of ROS and ATP in MnCl(2)-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells was examined. The influence of MnCl(2) on the expression of bcl-xl, bax and the activity of Caspase 3 was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MnCl(2) triggered PC12 cells apoptosis in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). The rate of apoptosis was significantly increased (P < 0.01) when MnCl(2) of 2 mmol/L induced PC12 cells for 36 hours. The production of ROS was increased (P < 0.001) and the quantity of ATP was decreased (P < 0.01) in PC12 cells with the same inducement of MnCl(2). The expression of bcl-xl was inhibited and the bax was activated in this process (P < 0.01). Caspase 3 was also activated (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MnCl(2) induces apoptosis of PC12 cells, which is related to the increase of ROS, the inhibition of the mitochondria and the activation of Caspase 3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Ji-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Li-xiang
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Xiao-yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Wei-fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002712:Chlorides / Q000633:toxicity*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D016716:PC12 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D053148:Caspase 3; C025340:manganese chloride