title: A prospective trial for avoiding cervical lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal cancers, based on intra-operative genetic diagnosis of micrometastasis in recurrent laryngeal nerve chain nodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intra-operative genetic diagnosis of RN node micrometastasis in the decision-making of 3FL for thoracic esophageal cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine patients with middle and lower thoracic esophageal cancer were enrolled in a prospective study, in which 3FL was performed when RN node metastasis was revealed by intra-operative histological examination and/or genetic analysis using real-time RT-PCR assay. For other cases, 2FL was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 89 patients, 3FL was performed for 33 patients and 2FL for 56 patients. In the 3FL group, RN node metastasis was both histologically and genetically positive in 19 patients, histologically negative and genetically positive in 11, and histologically positive and genetically negative in 3, with cervical node metastasis being detected in 7, 3, and 0 patients, respectively. In the 2FL group, only one patient had cervical node recurrence during the follow-up period. The post-operative survival in this study was equivalent to that of the historical controls (3-year survival rates 63.9% vs. 52.3%, P = 0.1513) of 66 3FL patients when 3FL was the first choice for thoracic esophageal cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-operative histological and genetic diagnosis of RN node metastasis may help avoid unnecessary cervical node resection. A Phase III trial should be done.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan. hmiyata@surg2.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doki
authors.forename: Takushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Morito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012008:Recurrence; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate