Club drugs and HIV infection: a review.
Club drug use is common among populations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and populations at high risk for HIV infection. Club drugs have a myriad of acute and chronic medical consequences. Club drug-related visits to the emergency department and admissions for treatment of substance use have increased dramatically over the past 15 years. Most epidemiological data support the role of club drugs in increasing sexual risk behavior, with some studies demonstrating an independent association between use of certain club drugs and HIV infection. The direct influence of club drugs on progression of HIV disease remains to be determined; however, club drugs may interact with certain retroviral medications and have been associated with decreased adherence to medication. Clinicians should ask all patients about patterns of club drug use, counsel patients about the risks associated with club drug use, and refer patients to appropriate behavioral treatment programs for substance use when clinically indicated.
Colfax
Grant
G
AIDS Office, HIV/AIDS Statistics, Epidemiology, andIntervention Research Section, San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California 94102, USA. grant.colfax@sfdph.org
Guzman
Robert
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine