title: Competitive control of independent programs of tumor necrosis factor receptor-induced cell death by TRADD and RIP1.
abstract: Stimulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) can initiate several cellular responses, including apoptosis, which relies on caspases, necrotic cell death, which depends on receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), and NF-kappaB activation, which induces survival and inflammatory responses. The TNFR-associated death domain (TRADD) protein has been suggested to be a crucial signal adaptor that mediates all intracellular responses from TNFR1. However, cells with a genetic deficiency of TRADD are unavailable, precluding analysis with mature immune cell types. We circumvented this problem by silencing TRADD expression with small interfering RNA. We found that TRADD is required for TNFR1 to induce NF-kappaB activation and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis but is dispensable for TNFR1-initiated, RIP1-dependent necrosis. Our data also show that TRADD and RIP1 compete for recruitment to the TNFR1 signaling complex and the distinct programs of cell death. Thus, TNFR1-initiated intracellular signals diverge at a very proximal level by the independent association of two death domain-containing proteins, RIP1 and TRADD. These single transducers determine cell fate by triggering NF-kappaB activation, apoptosis, and nonapoptotic death signals through separate and competing signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, 10/11D09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. lzheng@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bidere
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staudt
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cubre
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orenstein
authors.forename: Francis K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenardo
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C119724:AGFG1 protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D016328:NF-kappa B; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases