title: Loss of SOCS3 in T helper cells resulted in reduced immune responses and hyperproduction of interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1.
abstract: Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 is a major negative feedback regulator of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3-activating cytokines. Transgenic mouse studies indicate that high levels of SOCS3 in T cells result in type 2 T helper cell (Th2) skewing and lead to hypersensitivity to allergic diseases. To define the physiological roles of SOCS3 in T cells, we generated T cell-specific SOCS3 conditional knockout mice. We found that the mice lacking SOCS3 in T cells showed reduced immune responses not only to ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness but also to Leishmania major infection. In vitro, SOCS3-deficient CD4+ T cells produced more transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and interleukin (IL)-10, but less IL-4 than control T cells, suggesting preferential Th3-like differentiation. We found that STAT3 positively regulates TGF-beta1 promoter activity depending on the potential STAT3 binding sites. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that more STAT3 was recruited to the TGF-beta1 promoter in SOCS3-deficient T cells than in control T cells. The activated STAT3 enhanced TGF-beta1 and IL-10 expression in T cells, whereas the dominant-negative form of STAT3 suppressed these. From these findings, we propose that SOCS3 regulates the production of the immunoregulatory cytokines TGF-beta1 and IL-10 through modulating STAT3 activation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinjyo
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Shinjiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Takeru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.forename: Kunisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Himeno
authors.forename: Giichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Takaesu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000276:immunology; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C491411:Socs3 protein, mouse; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016753:Interleukin-10