title: Promoter switching allows simultaneous transcription of LANA and K14/vGPCR of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
abstract: Latent transcription of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA/ORF73) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is driven by the LANAp-c. Complexity arises during lytic reactivation, however, as the bicistronic K14/vGPCR transcript initiates 32 bp downstream of LANAp-c in the opposite orientation. We identify an Rta/ORF50-inducible LANA promoter (LANAp-i) that is distinct from the LANAp-c. LANAp-c is unaffected by Rta/ORF50. Utilization of the second, downstream LANAp-i explains how LANA and K14/vGPCR are simultaneously transcribed during de novo infection or lytic reactivation. Transactivation of LANAp-i and K14/vGPCRp requires the C-terminal activation domain of Rta/ORF50 and is mediated by DNA-binding-dependent and -independent Rta/ORF50 mechanisms. Transcriptional profiling following viral reactivation support promoter reporter phenotypes. In sum, cis-elements within the LANAp were selected to ensure faithful expression of LANA and other genes regulated by LANAp during all stages of the KSHV lifecycle despite potential interference from K14/vGPCRp activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 804 Mary Ellen Jones, CB#7290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Staudt
authors.forename: Dirk P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Dittmer
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051819:Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D051819:Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C417604:Rta protein, Human herpesvirus 8; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins; C109540:latency-associated nuclear antigen