title: Changes in growth factor and cytokine expression in biliary obstructed rat liver and their relationship with delayed liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of obstructive jaundice on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), its receptor, c-Met, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA expression in both liver tissue and isolated liver cells were investigated after biliary obstruction (BO) by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a LightCycler. Immunohistochemical staining for desmin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was also studied. Regenerating liver weight and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling index, and growth factor expression were then evaluated after 70% hepatectomy with concomitant internal biliary drainage in BO rats or sham-operated rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic TGF-beta1 mRNA levels increased significantly 14 days after BO, and further increased with duration of cholestasis. Meanwhile, HGF and VEGF tended to increase, but was not significant. In cell isolates, TGF-beta1 mRNA was found mainly in the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) fraction. Immunohistochemical studies revealed an increased number of HSCs (desmin-positive cells) and activated HSCs (alpha-SMA-positive cells) in portal areas after BO. In a hepatectomy model, liver regeneration was delayed in BO rats, as compared to sham-operated rats. TGF-beta1 mRNA was significantly up-regulated up to 48 h after hepatectomy, and the earlier HGF mRNA peak was lost in BO rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BO induces HSCs proliferation and activation, leading to up-regulation of TGF-beta1 mRNA and suppression of HGF mRNA in livers. These altered expression patterns may be strongly involved in delayed liver regeneration after hepatectomy with obstructive jaundice.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambiru
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshidome
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshitomi
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003893:Desmin / Q000032:analysis; D006498:Hepatectomy; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008297:Male; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003893:Desmin; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat