title: High-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) and survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papilloma virus (HPV) in patients with esophageal carcinoma has previously been studied with an average detection rate of 15%, but the role of HPV in relation to survival is less clear. In cervical cancer, lung cancer and tonsil cancer HPV viral load is a predictive factor for survival and outcome of treatment. The primary aim was to study the spectrum of high-risk HPV types in esophageal tumors. Secondary, as a pilot study we investigated the association between HPV status and the survival rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared both the presence and the viral load of high-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 52, 58, and 67 in relation to clinical data from patients with esophageal carcinoma. Survival data and tumor samples were retrieved from 100 patients receiving treatment at the Department of Oncology, Uppsala Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. The tumor samples were investigated for HPV viral load using real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV 16 was detected in 16% of the patients; no other HPV type was detected. HPV 16 infection had no significant effect on survival (p = 0.72). Also, HPV 16 did not improve survival after treatment (radiotherapy or chemotherapy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only HPV 16 was detected among the patients. HPV 16 in esophageal carcinoma patients did not influence survival or improve therapy response. However, given the size of the study there is a need to examine a larger cohort in order to understand in more detail the effect of high risk HPV types in esophageal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. martin.dreilich@onkologi.uu.se
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dreilich
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergqvist
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moberg
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brattström
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Alkwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wanders
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hesselius
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wagenius
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gyllensten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral