title: Angioplasty balloon inflation pressures during treatment of hemodialysis graft-related stenoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This two-part prospective investigation was designed to determine the balloon inflation pressures required to dilate stenoses associated with hemodialysis grafts and evaluate the burst pressures of five different angioplasty balloons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine patients with dysfunctional hemodialysis grafts were enrolled and underwent fistulography. The diagnostic studies revealed 104 stenoses, which were treated with balloon angioplasty. The characteristics of these stenoses and the balloon inflation pressures required to dilate the lesions were recorded. In part two of this investigation, the burst pressures of five different angioplasty balloons were evaluated immediately after their use during angioplasty procedures. Twenty-five balloons of each type were inflated until the balloon burst or 30 atm of pressure was achieved. Several different statistical tests were used to analyze the data set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean balloon inflation pressure required to dilate all 104 stenoses was 17.2 atm. Subgroup analysis revealed that the mean balloon inflation pressure required to dilate 75 venous anastomotic stenoses was 17.9 atm and that a mean pressure of 15.6 atm was required to dilate 29 stenoses located within the native outflow veins. The angioplasty balloon burst pressure experiments revealed that the majority of the tested balloons can be inflated to pressures 5-6 atm greater than the manufacturers' rated burst pressures. However, the margin of safety for overinflation was variable among the balloons tested, and angioplasty balloons experience fatigue with repeated inflations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of stenoses associated with hemodialysis grafts can be successfully dilated with use of available high-pressure angioplasty balloons.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Access Services, LLC, St. Louis, Missouri 63117, USA. tmvesely@aol.cm
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vesely
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Pilgram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity