title: Transcranial grey-scale sonography of subdural haematoma in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transcranial high-resolution grey-scale sonography reliably allows diagnosis and monitoring of subdural haematoma (SDH) and extra-cerebral intracranial fluid collections in infants but has not been evaluated thoroughly in adults up to now. Because of rapid development of ultrasound systems, the depiction of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has now become feasible. The presented study evaluated the sonographic appearance of SDH in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed transcranial grey-scale sonography (TGS) in 25 consecutive patients with SDH confirmed by cranial computed tomography (CCT) or MRI. According to paediatric TGS, the dural border of the arachnoid was depicted as a highly echogenic membrane, and the distance between the skull and the echogenic membrane was measured. SDH was measured by CCT/MRI and by TGS in corresponding axial planes. The rate of identification of SDH in TGS was evaluated, and the extent of SDH as assessed by CCT/MRI and TGS was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGS reliably detected SDH in 22 of the 25 patients with confirmed SDH (88 %). In the remaining 3 patients, the temporal bone window was insufficient for TGS investigation. Extent of SDH measured by CCT and TGS correlated linearly (r= 0.849).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGS allows imaging of SDH in patients with CCT/MRI confirmed SDH, and the extent of SDH correlates significantly between TGS and CCT/MRI. Therefore, TGS may be a possible alternative to serial CCT imaging in monitoring SDH, since in contrast to CCT, TGS is a non-invasive bedside method. So far, TGS is not suitable for the diagnosis of SDH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg. wolf-dirk.niesen@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: W-D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Niesen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoeltje
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiller
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sliwka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial