title: Efficiency of specialist rehabilitation in reducing dependency and costs of continuing care for adults with complex acquired brain injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine functional outcomes from a rehabilitation programme and to compare two methods for evaluating cost efficiency of rehabilitation in patients with severe complex disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ninety seven consecutive admissions to a specialist inpatient rehabilitation unit following severe acquired brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of routinely collected data, including the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Barthel Index, and Northwick Park Dependency Score and Care Needs Assessment (NPDS/NPCNA), which provides a generic estimation of dependency, care hours. and weekly cost of continuing care in the community. Patients were analysed in three groups according to dependency on admission: "low" (NPDS<10 (n=83)); "medium" (NPDS10-24 (n=112)); "high" (NPDS>24 (n=102)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean length of stay (LOS) 112 (SD 66) days. All groups showed significant reduction in dependency between admission and discharge on all measures (paired t tests: p<0.001). Mean reduction in "weekly cost of care" was greatest in the high dependency group at pound639 per week (95% CI 488 to 789)), as compared with the medium (pound323/week (95% CI 217 to 428)), and low (pound111/week (95% CI 42 to 179)) dependency groups. Despite their longer LOS, time taken to offset the initial cost of rehabilitation was only 16.3 months in the high dependency group, compared with 21.5 months (medium dependency) and 38.8 months (low dependency). FIM efficiency (FIM gain/LOS) appeared greatest in the medium dependency group (0.25), compared with the low (0.17) and high (0.16) dependency groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NPDS/NPCNA detected changes in dependency potentially associated with substantial savings in the cost of ongoing care, especially in high dependency patients. Floor effects in responsiveness of the FIM may lead to underestimation of efficiency of rehabilitation in higher dependency patients.
authors.affiliation: Regional Rehabilitation Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, and Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London School of Medicine, UK. lynne.turner-stokes@dial.pipex.com
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turner-Stokes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003858:Dependency, Psychological; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004526:Efficiency; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013038:Specialization