title: Co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with or without additional leucine effectively reduces postprandial blood glucose excursions in Type 2 diabetic men.
abstract: This study examined postprandial plasma insulin and glucose responses after co-ingestion of an insulinotropic protein (Pro) hydrolysate with and without additional free leucine with a single bolus of carbohydrate (Cho). Male patients with long-standing Type 2 diabetes (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10) participated in 3 trials in which plasma glucose, insulin, and amino acid responses were determined after the ingestion of beverages of different composition (Cho: 0.7 g/kg carbohydrate, Cho+Pro: 0.7 g/kg carbohydrate with 0.3 g/kg protein hydrolysate, or Cho+Pro+Leu: 0.7 g/kg carbohydrate, 0.3 g/kg protein hydrolysate and 0.1 g/kg free leucine). Plasma insulin responses [expressed as area under the curve (AUC)] were 141 and 204% greater in patients with Type 2 diabetes and 66 and 221% greater in the controls in the Cho+Pro and Cho+Pro+Leu trials, respectively, compared with those in the Cho trial (P < 0.05). The concomitant plasma glucose responses were 15 and 12% lower in the patients with Type 2 diabetes and 92 and 97% lower in the control group in the Cho+Pro and Cho+Pro+Leu trials, respectively, compared with those in the Cho trial (P < 0.05). Plasma leucine concentrations correlated with the insulin response in all subjects (r = 0.43, P < 0.001). We conclude that co-ingestion of a protein hydrolysate with or without additional free leucine strongly augments the insulin response after ingestion of a single bolus of carbohydrate, thereby significantly reducing postprandial blood glucose excursions in patients with long-standing Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands. R.Manders@HB.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Ralph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Manders
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Sluijsmans
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verbeek
authors.forename: Wim H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: Anton J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wagenmakers
authors.forename: Luc J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Loon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D007930:Leucine