title: Wounding patterns for U.S. Marines and sailors during Operation Iraqi Freedom, major combat phase.
abstract: This investigation examined the wounds incurred by 279 U.S. Navy-Marine personnel (97% Marines and 3% sailors) identified as wounded in action during Operation Iraqi Freedom, from March 23 through April 30, 2003. The goal was to assess the potential impact of each causative agent by comparing the differences in anatomical locations, types of injuries caused, and medical specialists needed to treat the casualties. The overall average number of diagnoses per patient was 2.2, and the overall average number of anatomical locations was 1.6. The causative agents were classified into six major categories, i.e., small arms, explosive munitions, motor vehicle accidents, falls, weaponry accidents, and other/unknown. Explosive munitions and small arms accounted for approximately three of four combat-related injuries. Upper and lower extremities accounted for approximately 70% of all injuries, a percentage consistent for battlefield injuries since World War II.
authors.affiliation: Naval Health Research Center, Modeling and Simulation Program, San Diego, CA 92186-5122, USA.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zouris
authors.forename: G Jay
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dye
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galarneau
mesh_terms: D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006772:Hospitals, Military / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013043:Specialties, Surgical; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014857:Warfare; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology