title: Transnasal puncture based on echographic sinusitis evidence in mechanically ventilated patients with suspicion of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the value of sinus echography results to directly indicate a transnasal puncture in intubated patients with suspicion of nosocomial maxillary sinusitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  prospective clinical investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  medical intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  sixty patients undergoing intubation and mechanical ventilation more than 2 days, with a clinical suspicion of maxillary sinusitis with purulent nasal discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 sinuses were examined by sinus ultrasound. The image defined as normal was an acoustic shadow arising from the front wall. Two levels of positive echography were described: (1) a partial sinusogram was defined as the visualization of the hyperechogenic posterior wall of the sinus; and (2) a complete sinusogram was defined as the hyperechogenic visualization of posterior wall and the extension by the internal and external walls of the sinus. When sinus ultrasound was positive, a transnasal puncture was performed the same day. The transnasal puncture was positive if a fluid was obtained from sinus aspiration. The transnasal puncture was negative if there was no aspirated material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sinus ultrasound was positive in 84 cases (54 complete sinusograms and 30 partial sinusograms). Seventy-eight of 84 transnasal punctures were positive. Sensitivity of a sinusogram for obtaining positive transnasal puncture was 100%, and specificity was 86% (100% in case of complete sinusogram) in a clinically selected population. The only six negative transnasal punctures were performed in patients with partial sinusogram.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound sinusitis evidence seems to be of value to indicate and perform a transnasal puncture directly, avoiding CT exam.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Pellegrin Tripode, Département de Réanimation Médicale, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France. frederic.vargas@chu-bordeaux.fr
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Hoang Nam
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Cécile Marie
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bébear
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacher-Fougére
authors.forename: Bertillle Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: De-Barbeyrac
authors.forename: Louis Rachid
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Traissac
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gbikpi-Benissan
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gruson
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hilbert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003428:Cross Infection; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography