title: The impact of homeless shelters on food access and choice among homeless families in Minnesota.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine how and where homeless families access food, and to determine factors that influence food choice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven focus groups (90 minutes each) were conducted by two moderators and audio-taped.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two homeless shelters serving families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three parents or guardians (M = 11; F = 42) with children 3-12 years of age. Most participants had completed high school or higher education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food choice and food access among homeless families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcripts evaluated for consistency, coded, and evaluated for dominant themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Limited cooking and storage space, and poor meal timing and food options at the shelters resulted in participants developing strategies to alleviate hunger. Strategies used to obtain food included using food stamps, stealing food, eating food in grocery stores, pawning personal items, using savvy shopping habits, scavenging in dumpsters (obtaining items such as food from dumpsters), and sacrificing food for children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Homeless families find strategies to prevent food insecurity. Food stamp usage is a common strategy, but it often is insufficient to meet monthly needs, indicating the need for reevaluation of program components. The shelter environment's impact on families' food choices suggests a role for nutritionists in ensuring availability of adequate, nutritious foods. Future research is needed to evaluate the impact of the shelter environment on homeless families' overall nutritional status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rickelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Chery
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003296:Cooking / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000592:standards; D005511:Food Handling / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005522:Food Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005523:Food Supply; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status