title: Nuclear targeting of the CaMKII anchoring protein alphaKAP is regulated by alternative splicing and protein kinases.
abstract: alphaKAP is an anchoring protein for the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and is encoded within the same gene as the CaMKIIalpha isoform. alphaKAP co-assembles with CaMKII and targets such heteromers to the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, where CaMKII can regulate Ca(2+) homeostasis. CaMKII has also nuclear functions in skeletal muscle, however, the nuclear targeting mechanism has been elusive. We show here that developmentally regulated splicing of exon Ealpha(B) generates a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) in alphaKAP(B), the dominant alphaKAP variant in mature muscle. The alphaKAP(A) variant lacks the NLS and dominates in developing muscle before and around birth. Both alphaKAP variants localize to membranes, but a small fraction of alphaKAP(B) is additionally found in the nucleus. Indeed, alpha-karyopherins that mediate nuclear import bound to alphaKAP(B) but not alphaKAP(A) in vitro. When the N-terminal membrane anchor of alphaKAP was deleted, localization of alphaKAP(B) but not alphaKAP(A) became predominantly nuclear. Co-expression of constitutively active CaMKI and IV, which do not bind to alphaKAP, interfered with nuclear localization of alphaKAP(B). CaMKIIalpha was found essentially exclusively in the cytoplasm when expressed in cell lines but was targeted to the nucleus when co-expressed with the nuclear form of alphaKAP(B). Thus, nuclear targeting of cytoplasmic CaMKII isoforms by alphaKAP may be regulated by developmentally controlled alternative splicing and by protein kinases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Program in Neuroscience, University of Colorado Health Science Center, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, 80045-0508, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Pei-Ju
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Pompeo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: K Ulrich
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Bayer
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases