title: Effect of anti-viral therapy for occult hepatitis C virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occult hepatitis C virus infection is defined by the presence of hepatitis C virus-RNA in liver but with undetectable anti-hepatitis C virus and serum viral RNA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the response to anti-viral therapy in occult hepatitis C virus infection to assess the pathogenic effect of occult hepatitis C virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with occult hepatitis C virus infection were treated with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin for 24 weeks and were followed-up 24 weeks after therapy. All patients had abnormal alanine aminotransferase, hepatitis C virus-RNA positive in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver necroinflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of treatment and follow-up, the percentage of patients with normal alanine aminotransferase was 80% (95% CI: 48-96%) and 60% (95% CI: 31-84%) respectively, and hepatitis C virus-RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was negative in 80% (95% CI: 48-96%) and 70% (95% CI: 40-90%) cases. At the end of follow-up sustained response was observed in 30% (95% CI: 11-61%) of cases. Five patients underwent a second liver biopsy. In all cases, liver hepatitis C virus-RNA persisted, although hepatitis C virus-RNA load was significantly lower (3.2 x 10(4) +/- 5.1 x 10(4) copies/microg RNA) than in the basal biopsy (2.4 x 10(5) +/- 3.8 x 10(5) copies/microg RNA); (P = 0.043). Necroinflammation and fibrosis decreased in three cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biochemical, virological and histological response to therapy achieved in patients with occult hepatitis C virus infection demonstrates the pathologic effects of occult hepatitis C virus.
authors.affiliation: Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: López-Alcorocho
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iñigo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez-Mota
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carreño
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a