title: Gene mutation analysis of sinonasal lymphomas in Indonesia.
abstract: Sinonasal lymphomas comprise NK/T-cell (NKTCL) type and B-cell type with unique geographical development. In this study, mutations of p53, K-ras, c-kit, beta-catenin, and bak gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by direct sequencing in 41 sinonasal lymphomas (27 NKTCL and 14 B-cell type) from Indonesia. In situ hybridization study with EBER-1 probe revealed that 85% of NKTCL cases were EBV positive, but none of B-cell type was EBV positive. Frequency of mutations in p53, K-ras, c-kit, beta-catenin, and bak gene was 62.9%, 0%, 11.1%, 18.5%, and 25.9%, respectively, in NKTCL, and 71.4%, 0%, 23.1%, 21.4%, and 57.1%, respectively, in B-cell cases, showing that mutation frequency in all genes was higher in B-cell than in NKTCL cases. These findings suggest that gene mutations might be the driving-force for B-cell lymphoma, whereas combined EBV infection and gene mutations contribute to NKTCL development in Indonesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jalan Salemba Raya, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Antonius Nikolas
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kurniawan
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hongyo
authors.forename: Endang S R
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hardjolukito
authors.forename: Maria Francisca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takakuwa
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kodariah
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshida
authors.forename: Taisei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aozasa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D017931:DNA Primers; D015342:DNA Probes; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000473:pathology; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016399:Lymphoma, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C494772:BAK1 protein, human; D017931:DNA Primers; D015342:DNA Probes; C099537:Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA 1; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit