title: Phase II trial of celecoxib in prostate-specific antigen recurrent prostate cancer after definitive radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent evidence has shown that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have potent antitumor activity in prostate cancer both in vitro and in vivo. However, human trials are absent. This study evaluated the efficacy of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy (X-ray therapy or XRT) or radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients who had biochemical relapse after XRT or radical prostatectomy were treated with celecoxib 400 mg twice per day. Follow-up PSA levels were obtained at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months and subsequently every 6 months thereafter. Data were evaluated by calculating PSA doubling times and by calculating the slope of the curve of log(PSA) versus time to assess rate of PSA increase before and after celecoxib treatment for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six of 40 (90%) patients had a slowing effect on their rate of PSA after 3 months, including 11 of 40 with a decline and 8 of 40 with stabilization of PSA. Short-term responses at 3 months continued at 6, 12, 18 months. Comparison of rate of PSA increase before versus after celecoxib treatment showed significant flattening of slope of log(PSA) versus time from pretreatment for each of the time points. There was no significant change in testosterone levels, suggesting an androgen-independent mechanism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 inhibitors may have an effect on serum PSA levels in patients with biochemical progression after XRT or radical prostatectomy. These results suggest that COX-2 inhibitors may help delay or prevent disease progression in these patients and thereby help extend the time until androgen deprivation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Biostatistics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. rpruthi@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Raj S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pruthi
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Derksen
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Culley C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grigson
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wallen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012008:Recurrence; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D000068579:Celecoxib