title: Tumour suppressor PTEN regulates cell cycle and protein kinase B/Akt pathway in breast cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PTEN is a tumour suppressor protein with phosphatase activity frequently altered in several types of human cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PTEN effect was studied on the cell cycle (by bromdeoxyuridine incorporation) and on the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/Akt (PI3-K/PKB/Akt) pathway regulating proteins (by immunocytochemical, Western blot analysis and kinase assay) upon transfection of wild-type PTEN and its mutant H123Y in breast cancer cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of the important proteins in the MCF-7 and BT-549 cells was characterised and the cellular localisation of PTEN was analysed. Transfection of H123Y led to the down-regulation of p27(Kip1) and p21(Waf1/Cip1) protein levels and the up-regulation of phosphorylated PKB/Akt. An overexpression of PTEN decreased cyclin E/cdk2 activity and inhibited S-phase entry in MCF-7. In BT-549 these changes were not observed, but overexpression of PTEN led to a diminution of PKB/Akt phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTEN function is mediated through the inhibition of the cell cycle and PKB/Akt phosphorylation in breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology and Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc CZ-775 15, Czech Republic. hlob@tunw.upol.cz
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hlobilkova
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knillova
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svachova
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skypalova
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krystof
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kolar
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D056741:Cyclin D; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D016196:S Phase / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C436291:CDKN1B protein, human; D056741:Cyclin D; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C495894:CDK2 protein, human; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human