title: The effect of telithromycin in acute exacerbations of asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of telithromycin in patients with acute exacerbations of asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 278 adults with diagnosed asthma were enrolled within 24 hours after an acute exacerbation of asthma requiring short-term medical care. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 10 days of oral treatment with telithromycin (at a dose of 800 mg daily) or placebo in addition to usual care. Primary efficacy end points were a change from baseline over the treatment period in symptoms (as recorded by patients in a diary card) and in the peak expiratory flow in the morning at home. The presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae was ascertained by serologic analysis, polymerase chain reaction, and culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the two prespecified primary outcomes, only asthma symptoms showed a significantly greater reduction among patients receiving telithromycin than among those receiving placebo. Mean (+/-SD) scores on a test of asthma symptoms (on a 7-point scale, with 0 denoting no symptoms and 6 denoting severe symptoms) were 3.0+/-1.4 at baseline and 1.7+/-1.1 at the end of treatment for the telithromycin group and 2.8+/-1.3 at baseline and 2.0+/-1.0 at the end of treatment for the placebo group. The mean decrease in symptom scores during the treatment period was 1.3 for telithromycin and 1.0 for placebo (mean difference, -0.3; 95 percent confidence interval, -0.5 to -0.1; P=0.004). There was no significant treatment effect on the other primary outcome measure, a change in morning peak expiratory flow. Nausea was more common among patients in the telithromycin group than in the placebo group (P=0.01). Although 61 percent of patients had evidence of infection with C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, or both, there was no relationship between bacteriologic status and the response to asthma treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence of the benefit of telithromycin in patients with acute exacerbations of asthma; the mechanisms of benefit remain unclear. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00273520.).
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute and Wright Fleming Institute of Infection and Immunity, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom. s.johnston@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sebastian L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nieman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000150:complications; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D048628:Ketolides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D048628:Ketolides; C106791:telithromycin