title: A multi-objective optimization framework for surfactant-enhanced remediation of DNAPL contaminations.
abstract: The occurrence of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) contaminations in the subsurface is a threat for drinkwater resources in the western world. Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) is widely considered as one of the most promising techniques to remediate DNAPL contaminations in-situ, be it with considerable additional costs compared to classical pump-and-treat remediations. A cost-effective design of the remediation set-up is therefore essential. In this work, a pilot SEAR test is executed at a DNAPL contaminated site in Belgium in order to collect data for the calibration of a multi-phase multi-component model. The calibrated model is used to assess a series of scenario-analyses for the full-scale remediation of the site. The remediation variables that were varied were the injection and extraction rate, the injection and extraction duration, and the surfactant injection concentrations. A constrained multi-objective optimization of the model was applied to obtain a Pareto set of optimal remediation strategies with different weights for the two objectives of the remediation: (i) the maximal removal of DNAPL and (ii) a total minimal cost. These Pareto curves can help decision makers to select an optimal remediation strategy in terms of cost and remediation efficiency. The Pareto front shows a considerable trade-off between the total remediation cost and the removed DNAPL mass.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Soil and Water Management, K.U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. jan.schaerlaekens@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schaerlaekens
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mertens
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Linden
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vermeiren
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carmeliet
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feyen
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014241:Trichloroethylene