title: Prevalence and factors related to Canadian workplace health programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study documented the prevalence and factors related to workplace health programs in Canada, including Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), drug testing programs, and Health Promotion Programs (HPPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 565 Human Resources Managers at worksites with 100 or more employees across Canada completed a questionnaire on the worksite characteristics and the types of programs at their workplace (response rate = 79.8%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  EAPs were established in 67.8% of sampled worksites (95% CI: 63.9%-71.7%). The proportion of worksites with EAPs varied significantly across work sectors (p<0.001) but not across regions of Canada. Worksites with EAPs had significantly (p<0.001) fewer visible minorities and had more unionized employees (p<0.001) than worksites without EAPs. For drug-testing programs, about 10.3% of Canadian worksites have them (95% CI: 7.8%-12.8%). Significant differences were noted across regions (p<0.001) with Alberta most likely to have such programs (25.4%) and Ontario least likely (4.6%). Also, safety-sensitive worksites and those with United States ownership were significantly (p<0.05) more likely to have drug testing. The most common type of HPP was fitness programs (29.4%) and the least common was day/elder care programs (5.5%). Fitness programs were most common in the Eastern provinces and least common in Quebec.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, Canadian worksites favour a health promotion and treatment approach over a deterrence approach for addressing health and substance use issues in the workplace. Workplace health programs were related to several factors that have created an uneven system of health promotion, treatment and deterrence in Canadian worksites.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Addictions Research of BC, School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC. scottmac@uvic.ca
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Csiernik
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rylett
authors.forename: T Cameron
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wild
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires