[Laboratory Network within the Polio Eradication Initiative (1998-2003): six years of surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis in Spain].
BACKGROUND
Worldwide poliomyelitis eradication was proposed in 1988 by the World Health Organization (WHO), based on reaching and maintaining high vaccination coverage and on implementing effective poliovirus infection surveillance systems.


METHODS
In Spain the surveillance system focuses on active searching for acute flaccid paralysis cases through a nine-laboratory network, coordinated by the National Poliovirus Laboratory (NPL) in the National Center of Microbiology, and supported by Autonomous Community epidemiologists. Additionally, the Network sends enterovirus isolation data from other syndromes. The Laboratory Network is responsible for the primary virological study, while the NPL characterizes all polioviruses and the most epidemiologically relevant non-polio enteroviruses.


RESULTS
A total of 54,533 samples were studied during the six-year period, and enteroviruses were detected in 9%. All the polioviruses isolated (n = 196), were characterized as Sabin-like (poliovirus vaccine), and among the non-polio enteroviruses, the most frequent was Echovirus 30. A total of 3% of the samples studied corresponded to the 268 acute flaccid paralysis cases or their contacts.


CONCLUSIONS
According to the results and the WHO virological classification, Spain can be considered polio-free. However, the geographic situation of our country may facilitate the introduction of wild polioviruses that can give rise to imported poliomyelitis. Hence, the laboratory network should actively continue to participate in all the proposed WHO strategies, particularly maintenance of the poliomyelitis eradication infrastructures, and continuing monitoring and vaccination.
Trallero
Gloria
G
Laboratorio Nacional de Poliovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. gtralle@isciii.es
Avellón
Ana
A
Otero
Almudena
A
de Miguel
Teresa
T
Alonso
Milagros
M
Pérez-Breña
Pilar
P
D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories / Q000458:organization & administration; D010243:Paralysis / Q000821:virology; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology