title: New non-invasive automatic cough counting program based on 6 types of classified cough sounds.
abstract: Cough consisting of an initial deep inspiration, glottal closure, and an explosive expiration accompanied by a sound is one of the most common symptoms of respiratory disease. Despite its clinical importance, standard methods for objective cough analysis have yet to be established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the characteristics of cough sounds acoustically, designed a program to discriminate cough sounds from other sounds, and finally developed a new objective method of non-invasive cough counting. In addition, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of that program.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded cough sounds using a memory stick IC recorder in free-field from 2 patients and analyzed the intensity of 534 recorded coughs acoustically according to time domain. First we squared the sound waveform of recorded cough sounds, which was then smoothed out over a 20 ms window. The 5 parameters and some definitions to discriminate the cough sounds from other noise were identified and the cough sounds were classified into 6 groups. Next, we applied this method to develop a new automatic cough count program. Finally, to evaluate the accuracy and clinical usefulness of this program, we counted cough sounds collected from another 10 patients using our program and conventional manual counting. And the sensitivity, specificity and discriminative rate of the program were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This program successfully discriminated recorded cough sounds out of 1902 sound events collected from 10 patients at a rate of 93.1%. The sensitivity was 90.2% and the specificity was 96.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our new cough counting program can be sufficiently useful for clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Infection and Oncology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohota
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
mesh_terms: D003371:Cough / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound