title: In vivo-in vitro toxicogenomic comparison of TCDD-elicited gene expression in Hepa1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells and C57BL/6 hepatic tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro systems have inherent limitations in their ability to model whole organism gene responses, which must be identified and appropriately considered when developing predictive biomarkers of in vivo toxicity. Systematic comparison of in vitro and in vivo temporal gene expression profiles were conducted to assess the ability of Hepa1c1c7 mouse hepatoma cells to model hepatic responses in C57BL/6 mice following treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gene expression analysis and functional gene annotation indicate that Hepa1c1c7 cells appropriately modeled the induction of xenobiotic metabolism genes in vivo. However, responses associated with cell cycle progression and proliferation were unique to Hepa1c1c7 cells, consistent with the cell cycle arrest effects of TCDD on rapidly dividing cells. In contrast, lipid metabolism and immune responses, representative of whole organism effects in vivo, were not replicated in Hepa1c1c7 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results identified inherent differences in TCDD-mediated gene expression responses between these models and highlighted the limitations of in vitro systems in modeling whole organism responses, and additionally identified potential predictive biomarkers of toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824-1319, USA. dereedwa@msu.edu
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dere
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Boverhof
authors.forename: Lyle D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Burgoon
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Zacharewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D023281:Genomics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins