title: Adrenomedullin--a potential disease activity marker and suppressor of nephritis activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether plasma adrenomedullin (AM) level is elevated in lupus nephritis and to examine if plasma AM level is correlated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity and severity of lupus nephritis after multivariate adjustment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive SLE patients and healthy volunteers of age >/=16 were recruited from the rheumatology clinics of two hospitals in Hong Kong. SLE patients with nephritis fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for renal involvement and had percutaneous renal biopsy performed. Subjects were divided into three groups: (i) SLE patients with nephritis, (ii) SLE patients without nephritis and (iii) normal controls. The demographic and clinical variables were compared between these groups of patients and plasma AM level was determined by radioimmunoassay. Factors associated with plasma AM level were explored by regression analysis with adjustment of confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty SLE patients (39 with nephritis and 21 without) and 23 normal subjects were studied. The plasma AM level of SLE patients was significantly higher than that of normal controls. SLE patients with nephritis had significantly higher plasma AM level than those without nephritis and normal controls (P<0.001). In regression analysis, proteinuria was negatively associated with plasma AM level (P=0.006) whereas SLE disease activity index was positively associated with plasma AM level after multivariate adjustment (P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma AM is elevated in lupus nephritis, which correlates with lupus disease activity. It is negatively associated with urine protein excretion although it is unrelated to the type of renal pathology per se. Plasma AM may play a role to suppress the activity of lupus nephritis.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: B M Y
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D053607:Adrenomedullin