title: The effect of shot blasting and heat treatment on the fatigue behavior of titanium for dental implant applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of shot blasting treatment on the cyclic deformation and fracture behavior of a commercial pure titanium with two different microstructures; equiaxed (alpha-phase) and acicular (martensitic alpha'-phase) was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fatigue tests were carried out in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C. Cyclic deformation tests were carried out up to fracture and fatigue crack nucleation and propagation were analysed. Residual stresses were determined by means of X-ray diffraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that shot blasting treatment improves fatigue life in the different microstructures studied. The equiaxed phase has improved mechanical properties compared to the acicular one. Despite the fact that control of the variables of shot blasting is not precise because of the nature of the treatment, it improves the fatigue life by the fact that the initiation site of the fatigue crack changes from the surface of the specimen to the interior of the shot blasted specimen. This is a consequence of the layer of compressive residual stresses that the treatment generates on titanium surfaces. The acicular morphology of the martensite favors crack propagation along the interface of the alpha' plates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shot blasting, which is widely used on titanium dental implants in order to favour their osseointegration, can also improve their fatigue resistance.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Research Center (CREB), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Avda. Diagonal 647, 08028-Barcelona, Spain. francesc.xavier.gil@upc.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Javier Gil
authors.forename: Josep A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Planell
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padrós
authors.forename: Conrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aparicio
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D015921:Dental Implants; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006244:Hardness; D016014:Linear Models; D008669:Metallurgy; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium