title: Transcriptomics and proteomics: advancing the understanding of genetic basis of fracture healing.
abstract: Fracture healing is a complex physiological post-natal process, which involves the coordination of several different cell types. Exploring the orchestration of events and the simultaneous activation of osteogenesis and chondrogenesis that recapitulates mammalian embryological skeletal development seems to be not only sophisticated but also challenging. A large number of genes involved in the above process are known, but many more remain to be discovered. The functional characterisation of these genes promises to elucidate the repair process as well as skeletal abnormalities and aging. We here review the current knowledge on early and late gene expression during fracture healing, the genes so far associated with osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, the BMP antagonists, and the Wnts signalling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, and St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsiridis
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
mesh_terms: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D040901:Proteomics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D051153:Wnt Proteins