title: Trends in RTA related spinal injuries: the post penalty points era.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On October 31st 2002 a system of cumulative penalty points for road traffic offences was introduced. Early evidence suggested a reduction in road traffic accident (RTA) related morbidity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the persistence of the initial reduction in RTA related spinal injuries following penalty points introduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of all acute spinal trauma admissions to the NSIU between November 1st 1998 and October 31st 2004 (n = 966). Patient demographics and injury aetiology were assessed. Follow-up questionnaires evaluated RTA circumstances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RTA related spinal injuries accounted for 39.3% of NSIU admissions. These injuries were significantly more common in males aged 16-24, drivers (70.8%), on routine journeys (77.5%) and rural roads (48.8%). The highest proportion of accidents occurred during weekends (64.3% from Fri-Sun) and from midnight to 6am (29.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The initial reduction in RTA related spinal injuries has not been sustained. Young male drivers are the greatest at risk group.
authors.affiliation: National Spinal Injuries Unit, Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Byrne
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Poynton
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003416:Criminal Law; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors