title: Down syndrome and complete tracheal rings.
abstract: Tracheal stenosis caused by complete tracheal rings has previously not been associated with Down syndrome. We identified 7 children with Down syndrome and complete tracheal rings. We found the clinical presentation and airway anatomy to be variable, advocating a heightened level of suspicion when evaluating a child with Down syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Miguel Neil C
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.forename: Ravindhra G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Elluru
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014132:Trachea / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery