title: Low-level fluoroquinolone resistance among Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni isolates obtained from infected patients in Australia have not been detected in studies of isolates from specific geographic areas. The Australian government has prohibited the use of fluoroquinolone in food-producing animals. To assess the impact of this policy, we have examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from 5 Australian states.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a period-prevalence survey of the susceptibility of C. jejuni isolates to 10 antimicrobial agents. C. jejuni isolates obtained from 585 patients from 5 Australian states (Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia) were identified by means of notifiable disease databases and were systematically selected from September 2001 to August 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among locally acquired infections, only 2% of isolates (range, 0%-8% in different states) were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The locally acquired isolates also exhibited resistance to sulfisoxazole (55%), ampicillin (46%), roxithromycin (38%), tetracycline (7%), nalidixic acid (6%), chloramphenicol (3%), erythromycin (3%), gentamicin (2%), and kanamycin (0.2%). Treatment with antimicrobial agents in the 4 weeks before onset was not associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The very low level of ciprofloxacin resistance in C. jejuni isolates likely reflects the success of Australia's policy of restricting use of fluoroquinolones in food-producing animals.
authors.affiliation: OzFoodNet, Queensland Health, Archerfield, Queensland, Australia. leanne.unicomb@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: Leanne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Unicomb
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Russell J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: Rosie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashbolt
authors.forename: Martyn D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Niels G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Mahomed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Gwendolyn L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valcanis
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mickan
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018579:Patient Selection; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin