title: Quantitative determination of aristolochic acid-derived DNA adducts in rats using 32P-postlabeling/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis.
abstract: Aristolochic acids (AA) are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic nitroaromatic compounds produced by the Aristolochiaceae family of plants. Ingestion of these phytotoxins by humans results in a syndrome known as AA nephropathy, characterized by renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and upper urothelial cancer. After activation by cellular enzymes, AA I and II react with DNA to form covalent adducts and as such represent potential biomarkers for studies of AA toxicity. Using site-specifically modified oligodeoxynucleotides as standards, we have developed a method for quantifying 7-(deoxyadenosin-N(6)-yl) aristolactam-DNA or 7-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl) aristolactam-DNA adducts in tissues of Wistar rats using an assay in which (32)P-postlabeling techniques are coupled with nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The limit of detection with this technique is five adducts in 10(9) nucleotides for a 5-microg DNA sample. In contrast to previous reports, we find that the levels of AA adducts in renal tissues of Wistar rats treated p.o. with AA for 1 week with 5 mg/kg/day of AA I or AA II were much higher than that in the forestomach. Highest adduct levels were observed in rats treated with AA II, suggesting that this compound may be more genotoxic than AA I. Treatment of rats with aristolactam I, an end-product of AA I metabolism, resulted in a much lower level of adduction. This study establishes the feasibility of using AA-DNA adducts as intermediate biomarkers of exposure in studies of AA nephropathy and its associated urothelial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Radha R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bonala
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Arthur P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Grollman
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shibutani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034341:Aristolochic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000032:analysis*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D034341:Aristolochic Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D018736:DNA Adducts; D009153:Mutagens; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; C121135:aristolactam I; D004247:DNA; C000228:aristolochic acid I; C042310:aristolochic acid II