title: Comparing intravenous amiodarone or lidocaine, or both, outcomes for inpatients with pulseless ventricular arrhythmias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare survival rates of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest due to pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation treated with lidocaine, amiodarone, or amiodarone plus lidocaine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter retrospective medical record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three academic medical centers in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalized adult patients who received amiodarone, lidocaine, or a combination for pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation between August 1, 2000, and July 31, 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected according to the Utstein style. In-hospital proportion of patients living at 24 hrs and discharge were analyzed using chi-square analysis. Of the 605 patient medical records reviewed, 194 met criteria for inclusion (n=79 for lidocaine, n=74 for amiodarone, n=41 for combination). Available data showed no difference in proportion of patients alive 24 hrs post-cardiac arrest (p=.39). Cox regression analysis indicated a decreased likelihood of survival in patients with pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation as an initial rhythm as compared with those who presented with bradycardia followed by pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation and in those patients who received amiodarone as compared with lidocaine. However, only 14 patients (25%) in the amiodarone group received the recommended initial 300-mg intravenous bolus, and amiodarone was administered an average of 8 mins later in the code compared with lidocaine (p<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results generate the hypothesis that inpatients with cardiac arrest may have different benefits from lidocaine and amiodarone than previously demonstrated. Inadequate dosing and later administration of amiodarone in the code were two confounding factors in this study. Prospective studies evaluating these agents are warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmacoinformatics and Outcomes Research, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PA, and Saint Mary's Hospital-Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Rhonda S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kane-Gill
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Rudis
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Seybert
authors.forename: Lance J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: Narith N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stauss
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kirisci
authors.forename: Umbreen
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Idrees
authors.forename: Sean O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007297:Inpatients; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011674:Pulse; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D000638:Amiodarone