title: Evaluation of acid phosphatase as a confirmation test for Clostridium perfringens isolated from water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate testing for acid phosphatase as an alternative method for the confirmation of Clostridium perfringens isolated from water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two reference strains of Clostridium were tested for their ability to produce acid phosphatase, as well as reduction of sulfite on tryptose sulfite cycloserine agar (TSC) and production of fluorescence in TSC supplemented with 4-methylumbelliferylphosphate (MUP). Additionally 155 environmental presumptive C. perfringens isolates from TSC incubated at 44 degrees C were identified and tested for acid phosphatase production and by the conventional MNLG (testing for motility, nitrate reduction, lactose fermentation and gelatin liquefaction) confirmation procedure. Twenty-seven strains from 15 species of Clostridium-reduced sulfite to some extent on TSC incubated at 44 degrees C, with a significant number of species being able to grow well at this temperature, indicating that a confirmation step is needed for the enumeration of C. perfringens on this medium. All 10 strains of C. perfringens tested, together with one strain each of Clostridium baratii and Clostridium rectum produced acid phosphatase. These also produced fluorescence on MUP supplemented TSC, as did 13 strains of acid phosphatase negative, sulfite-reducing clostridia, representing nine species. Of the environmental isolates, 114 were identified as C. perfringens of which 108 (94.7%) were confirmed by the acid phosphatase test compared with 104 (91.2%) by the MNLG tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testing for acid phosphatase production is at least as reliable, and much simpler to perform, than the current standard confirmation MNLG procedure. Incorporation of MUP into TSC does not reliably improve the identification of presumptive C. perfringens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of testing for acid phosphatase as a confirmation test for C. perfringens would substantially simplify the analysis for this bacterium from water samples, and reduce the analysis time to confirmed counts.
authors.affiliation: Severn Trent Water, Quality and Environmental Assurance, Shrewsbury, UK. david.satory@tesco.net
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Sartory
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waldock
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013447:Sulfites / Q000378:metabolism; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D013447:Sulfites; D000135:Acid Phosphatase