title: Impact of sustained use of insecticide-treated bednets on malaria vector species distribution and culicine mosquitoes.
abstract: Insecticide-treated bednets (ITNs) significantly reduce malaria vector populations. Susceptibility to ITNs differs by vector species, and culicine mosquitoes have not been shown to be significantly affected by the use of ITNs. We examined the impact of 2-4 yr of ITN use on malaria vector species distribution and culicine mosquitoes. Routine entomological surveillance was conducted in adjacent areas with and without ITNs from November 1999 to January 2002. Use of ITNs reduced the proportion of Anopheles gambiae Giles relative to Anopheles arabiensis Giles. The number of culicines per house was significantly lower in the ITN area than in the neighboring area. Changes in the An. gambiae sibling species distribution may help to explain apparent mosquito behavioral changes attributed to ITNs. Reductions in culicines by ITNs may have implications for community perceptions of ITN effectiveness and for control of other diseases such as lymphatic filariasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy MS F-22, Atlanta GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lindblade
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gimnig
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kamau
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Odhiambo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Olang
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Ter Kuile
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vulule
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slutsker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D001769:Blood; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D007306:Insecticides; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D026023:Permethrin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011156:Population Density; D034101:Sporozoites; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin