title: Safety and tolerability of mood-stabilising anticonvulsants in the elderly.
abstract: The authors review current research on the safety and tolerability of anticonvulsant medications used for individuals over the age of 60 years with affective disorders, agitation and other psychiatric disorders. Three anticonvulsants currently approved in the US for treatment of bipolar affective disorder are reviewed: valproate, lamotrigine and extended-release carbamazepine. The authors discuss the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug-drug interactions and the impact of ageing for each drug. There are few studies of anticonvulsant medications in elderly patients with bipolar disorder or other psychiatric conditions. Therefore, the authors summarise adverse events of greatest prevalence and/or greatest severity based on data derived predominately from studies of geriatric patients with epilepsy and/or other non-psychiatric indications. Guidelines are offered for the safe use of these medications in the elderly, based on research literature.
authors.affiliation: Menlo Park Division, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. howard.fenn@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Howard H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fenn
authors.forename: Barbara R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Terence A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ketter
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alldredge
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008875:Middle Aged; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014227:Triazines; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D000077213:Lamotrigine