title: Dependence of electrical activity and calcium influx-controlled prolactin release on adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway in pituitary lactotrophs.
abstract: Pituitary lactotrophs in vitro fire extracellular Ca2+-dependent action potentials spontaneously through still unidentified pacemaking channels, and the associated voltage-gated Ca2+influx (VGCI) is sufficient to maintain basal prolactin (PRL) secretion high and steady. Numerous plasma membrane channels have been characterized in these cells, but the mechanism underlying their pacemaking activity is still not known. Here we studied the relevance of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways in control of pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL release. In mixed anterior pituitary cells, both VGCI-inhibitable and -insensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) subtypes contributed to the basal cAMP production, and soluble guanylyl cyclase was exclusively responsible for basal cGMP production. Inhibition of basal AC activity, but not soluble guanylyl cyclase activity, reduced PRL release. In contrast, forskolin stimulated cAMP and cGMP production as well as pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL secretion. Elevation in cAMP and cGMP levels by inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity was also accompanied with increased PRL release. The AC inhibitors attenuated forskolin-stimulated cyclic nucleotide production, VGCI, and PRL release. The cell-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP stimulated firing of action potentials and PRL release and rescued hormone secretion in cells with inhibited ACs in an extracellular Ca2+-dependent manner, whereas 8-bromo-cGMP and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2'-O-methyl-cAMP were ineffective. Protein kinase A inhibitors did not stop spontaneous and forskolin-stimulated pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL release. These results indicate that cAMP facilitates pacemaking, VGCI, and PRL release in lactotrophs predominantly in a protein kinase A- and Epac cAMP receptor-independent manner.
authors.affiliation: Section on Cellular Signaling, Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/National Institutes of Health, Building 49, Room 6A-36, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4510, USA.
authors.forename: Arturo E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Iglesias
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Melanija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomić
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kretschmannova
authors.forename: Silvana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Andric
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zemkova
authors.forename: Stanko S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Stojilkovic
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D015220:Calcium Channels; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005576:Colforsin; D011388:Prolactin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium