title: Repetitive ureteral stenting for management of transplant graft ureteral obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the use of repetitive stenting in the management of patients with ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation, with an emphasis on technique and functional graft outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five adult renal allograft recipients with ureteral obstruction were managed with repetitive ureteral stenting. Their hospital records, office notes, and operative reports were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were successfully managed with retrograde ureteral stenting. They underwent an average of 8.8 stent changes over a mean 34.5 month follow up. No decline in renal function was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repetitive stenting is a viable treatment option for select patients with renal allograft ureteral obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Lester S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Borden
authors.forename: Vernon M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.forename: Dean G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Assimos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*