title: Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) production from non-residential sites in the Amazonian city of Iquitos, Peru.
abstract: Programmes for the surveillance of Aedes aegypti (L.) often focus on residential areas, ignoring non-residential sites. Between November 2003 and October 2004, pupal/demographic surveys were therefore conducted in non-residential sites in the Peruvian city of Iquitos. The sampled sites included schools, factories, ports, public markets, petrol stations, commercial zones, airports, government buildings, animal-production areas, and recreational areas. Compared with the residential sites that had been surveyed a few years earlier, the non-residential sites generally had fewer pupae/ha, even though pupae were found in a high percentage of the sites investigated. Nonetheless, although <56 pupae/ha were observed in the industrial, commercial, recreational and school sites, the river boats in the ports and the areas in and around public markets sometimes had pupal abundances (of 122-213 pupae/ha) that were comparable with those previously recorded in the residential sites. When the relative production of Ae. aegypti was calculated by container type and characteristic (lidded/lidless, indoors/outdoors, and water-use patterns), no single container category was found to be a major producer of Ae. aegypti, with the exception of flower vases in cemeteries. In general, almost all (97%) of the pupae collected in the non-residential sites came from unlidded containers, although 91% of those collected in river boats came from lidded storage areas. With the exception of lumber mills, plant nurseries and markets (where only 39%-60% of the pupae were collected outdoors), >70% of pupal production was outdoors. In commercial areas, 41% of the pupae came from manually-filled containers, compared with <12% in residential sites. These results indicate that non-residential sites can be highly productive for Ae. aegypti and that the role of such sites in dengue transmission requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. acmorrison@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sihuincha
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stancil
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zamora
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Astete
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidal-Ore
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes; D000818:Animals; D002947:Cities; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006794:Household Articles; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D011679:Pupa; D014504:Urban Health; D014881:Water Supply