title: Calcification associated with the nasolacrimal system of a horse: case report and mineralogic composition.
abstract: A 12-year-old Paso Fino mare was evaluated for a chronic nasal and ocular discharge. A calcification was identified eroding through the nasal mucosa of the middle meatus. Differential considerations for this mass included dacryolith, nasal calculus, or calcified tooth root abscess. Anatomical location and case history and progression supported a dacryolith. Following removal, the calculus was submitted for mineralogic analysis. The calculus was primarily carbonate hydroxylapatite (Ca10(PO4)3(CO3)3(OH)2) with a minor NaCl halite constituent. Dacryoliths, or nasolacrimal calculi, are an uncommon occurrence in animals, and sparsely reported in humans. The etiopathogenesis of dacryolith formation is unknown. The objective of this article was to report the first case report of an equine nasolacrimal system dacryolith and its mineralogic composition.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, D-208 Veterinary Medical Center, East Lansing, MI 48824-1314, USA. jazzpupil@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cassotis
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002137:Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000473:pathology*