title: The model and moral justification for organ procurement in Japan.
abstract: Organ replacement therapy is a part of medical practice in today's world and many countries have adopted the required guidelines and regulations. Establishing the basis on which organs can be removed, is still one of the most controversial issues of health policy making in the debate. The critical disparity between supply and demand in organ replacement therapy, even with the existence of social acceptance and organ transplantation law, turns attention towards the importance of an appropriate model of organ procurement. This model should be able to expand the donor pool and increase the organ retrieval rate by converting potential donors to actual ones. In Japan the organ transplantation law which was enacted in 1997 allows organ procurement from brain death as well as non-heart beating cadavers according to restricted conditions. One such condition includes the necessity of both the donor's and the family's written consent. Under current organ procurement policy, organs from only 29 brain death cases have been so far procured. In this paper after examining the current organ procurement system in Japan and the moral justifications behind different organ procurement models we conclude that the Japanese system does not clearly fall into one of the popular organ procurement models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Science City, 305-8575 Japan.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: Shin'ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoji
mesh_terms: D001926:Brain Death / Q000175:diagnosis; D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007564:Japan; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000941:ethics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010067:Ownership; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D019724:Presumed Consent; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration