title: EEG dipole characteristics in Panayiotopoulos syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) is a type of benign childhood partial epilepsy that is frequently associated with abundant multifocal spikes other than main occipital spikes on the EEG. In this study, we investigated the characteristic features of dipoles in PS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed dipole analysis of the interictal occipital spike discharges seen in 10 children with PS (group A) and in 10 children with other types of symptomatic localization-related epilepsy (group B). We analyzed the dipoles of the averaged spike in each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, the averaged occipital spikes in each patient showed dense dipole locations in the mesial occipital area; in group B, widely scattered dipole locations were observed. In Group A, the geometric centers of the dipoles at each time point (such as at the main negative peak and before or after the main peak) were estimated in the neighboring locations. In contrast, they tended to be scattered in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study reveals that PS has high dipole stability, similar to that of rolandic epilepsy. From the electroencephalographic view, this seems to indicate a close link between these two syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Harumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutroumanidis
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirasawa
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikumoto
authors.forename: Takushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000465:Algorithms; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019305:Epilepsy, Rolandic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D012984:Software