title: Relationship among serum pepsinogens, serum gastrin, gastric mucosal histology and H. pylori virulence factors in a paediatric population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum pepsinogens and gastrin have been proposed as markers of gastritis, but have seldom been studied in children. In this study the aim was to identify host- and Helicobacter pylori-related factors linked to variations in serum gastrin, PGI, PGII, and to evaluate the potential of these biomarkers for diagnosing gastritis, whether H. pylori-associated or not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two dyspeptic children referred for endoscopy (peptic ulcer exclusion) were included in the study. H. pylori status (urease, culture, histology) was assessed, and genotype determined (PCR) in H. pylori-positive subjects. Serum gastrin, PGI and PGII levels were measured by standard radioimmunoassay (RIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PGI and PGII levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive subjects (p=0.007; p=0.012, respectively). Gastrin levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-negative subjects (p=0.035). PGI and PGII were associated significantly with higher antrum inflammation scores (p=0.002; p=0.016, respectively); only PGI was associated with age, after controlling for inflammation (p=0.033) and for activity (p=0.037). The contribution of virulence factors could not be assessed owing to the low number of virulent strains. After multivariate analysis, only antrum inflammation was independently associated with PGI level (p=0.012). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a low PGI and PGII discriminant power for predicting antrum inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pepsinogen levels as measured in this study seem predominantly to reflect antral inflammation, but they are not an effective screening test for gastritis (H. pylori-positive or -negative) in dyspeptic children.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal. anaisalopes@sapo.pt
authors.forename: Ana Isabel
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palha
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Lurdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oleastro
authors.forename: Afonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004384:Duodenoscopy; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D005755:Gastrins / Q000097:blood*; D005773:Gastroscopy; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood*; D020115:Pepsinogen C / Q000097:blood*; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D005755:Gastrins; D020115:Pepsinogen C; D020116:Pepsinogen A