title: Genetic characterization of the natural hybrid species Phytophthora alni as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses.
abstract: The different subspecies of Phytophthora alni, P. alni subsp. alni (Paa), P. alni subsp. uniformis (Pau), and P. alni subsp. multiformis (Pam), are recent and widespread pathogens of alder in Europe. They are believed to be a group of emergent heteroploid hybrids between two phylogenetically close Phytophthora species. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses were performed, using a broad collection of P. alni and two closely related species, P. cambivora and P. fragariae. Paa possesses three different alleles for each of the nuclear genes we studied, two of which are present in Pam as well, whereas the third matches the single allele present in Pau. Moreover, Paa displays common mtDNA patterns with both Pam and Pau. A combination of the data suggests that Paa may have been generated on several occasions by hybridization between Pam and Pau, or their respective ancestors. Pau might have P. cambivora as a species ancestor, whereas Pam seems to have either been generated itself by an ancient reticulation or by autopolyploidization.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR1136, Pathologie Forestière, Champenoux, France. ioos@nancy.inra.fr
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ioos
authors.forename: Axelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrieux
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marçais
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frey
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001483:Base Sequence; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial