title: Surgical technique for achieving implant parallelism and measurement of the discrepancy in panoramic radiograph.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article describes a surgical technique for achieving implant placement parallelism and presents an equation concept to predict the bone depth available for implant placement by measuring the discrepancy of the panoramic radiograph compared with a clinical situation in cases in which a wide edentulous area is present.
  
  
  METHODS
  A surgical template with tube technique in combination with measurement of the vertical dimension of the mandible bone available for implant placement was used to treat 2 patients in whom 7 and 3 implants, respectively, were inserted in the lower and upper jaws.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All implants were successfully implanted into their reliable positions. In regard to the position of an important area such as the inferior alveolar nerve and maxillary sinus, this predictive equation can provide an extra margin of security.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A partial denture surgical template technique with tube technique using a Coen's drill guide in combination with a mathematical equation to find the clinical-radiographic discrepancy can be used as an alternative method in placement guidance of dental implant insertions and its fixed prosthetic treatment planning in a wide edentulous area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo General Public Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. coen_pram@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Coen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pramono
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003779:Denture Design / Q000379:methods; D003781:Denture Retention / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D003765:Models, Dental; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000379:methods