title: Possibilities to control the horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella) in urban environments.
abstract: The continuous epidemic infestation of horse chestnuts by C. ohridella is a serious aesthetic and economic problem in urban environments. The aim of the presented studies was therefore to develop control measures which meet the special needs of urban plant protection. Removal of infested leaves in autumn and appropriate disposal of the leaflitter is the only practicable measure to reduce infestation levels so far. Another two methods, which are currently in an experimental stage, had an impact on the leafminer populations. A gelformulated combination of the C. ohridella-pheromone with a contact insecticide as attract-and-kill-system proved to be efficient at low population levels. Easily applicable and safe banks of systemic insecticides turned out to be effective in killing preimaginal stages of the leafminer on young trees. The complex of parasitoids attacking C. ohridella is comparable to that of other leafminers. Nevertheless, parasitism rates are very low at present and far away from having any controlling effect on the pest insect.
authors.affiliation: University of Applied Sciences Berlin, Luxemburger Strasse 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. giselher@tfh-berlin.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grabenweger
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Balder
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hopp
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jäckel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmolling
mesh_terms: D031319:Aesculus / Q000469:parasitology*; D000818:Animals; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000469:parasitology; D011157:Population Dynamics
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010675:Pheromones