title: A geriatrician's guide to the use of the physical modalities in the treatment of pain and dysfunction.
abstract: The use of the physical modalities in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions has a long and rich history. This article explores the various physical modalities and their indications, precautions, and contraindications, especially in their applied use in pain management. It also highlights the role of the physical modalities as agents for the management of pain in the geriatric population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, 1425 Madison Avenue, Box 1240, New York, NY 10029-6574, and Department of Anesthesiology, The State University of New York Health Sciences Center at Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle Marie
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rim
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cristian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics