title: Photoprotective properties of Prunella vulgaris and rosmarinic acid on human keratinocytes.
abstract: UVA radiation provokes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress in the exposed cells leading to extensive cellular damage and cell death either by apoptosis or necrosis. One approach to protecting human skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation is by using herbal compounds as photoprotectants. This study evaluated the protective effects of Prunella vulgaris L. (Labiatae) and its main phenolic acid component, rosmarinic acid (RA), against UVA-induced changes in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Human keratinocytes exposed to UVA (10-30 J/cm(2)) were treated with an extract of P. vulgaris (1-75 mg/l) or RA (0.9-18 mg/l) for 4h. P. vulgaris and RA exhibited ability to reduce the UVA-caused decrease in a cell viability monitored by neutral red retention and by LDH release into medium. The P. vulgaris extract and RA significantly suppressed UVA-induced ROS production, which manifests as a decrease in intracellular lipid peroxidation, elevation of ATP and reduced glutathione. Post-treatment with P. vulgaris extract and RA also significantly reduced DNA damage. In addition, UVA-induced activation of caspase-3 was inhibited by treatment with P. vulgaris and RA. The P. vulgaris extract and RA demonstrated a concentration-dependent photoprotection (maximum at 25-50 mg/l and 9 mg/l, respectively). These results suggest that P. vulgaris and RA, used in skin care cosmetics, may offer protection against UVA-induced oxidative stress and may be beneficial as a supplement in photoprotective dermatological preparations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic. psotova@tunw.upol.cz <psotova@tunw.upol.cz>
authors.forename: Jitka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Psotova
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Svobodova
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolarova
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walterova
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D053630:Depsides; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018462:Photobiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D031347:Prunella; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid