title: Potential polyphenol markers of phase change in apple (Malus domestica).
abstract: In order to identify potential biochemical markers that can be used as indicators for phase change, the dynamics of polyphenolic compounds across apple seedlings (Malus domestica, Jonathan x Golden Delicious) were analyzed in this study by high performance liquid chromatography. Precocious flowering was induced by foliar sprays of plant growth regulators. Qualitative changes in the concentration of polyphenols were observed at node nos. 50, 80 and 120. Spontaneous and induced flowering was found at node nos. 122 and 77. It was reasonable to conclude that node no. 77 represented the point of transition between the juvenile phase and the adult vegetative phase, which was marked by the presence of phloridzin in the buds. The disappearance of myricitrin in the bark and the absence of caffeic acid in the aboveground tissues were qualitative markers of the reproductive phase, which was reached at node no. 122.
authors.affiliation: Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Changli, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong Bo
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chun Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dong Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guang Peng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui Feng
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Huai Rui
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000378:metabolism; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D035264:Flowers / Q000378:metabolism; D027845:Malus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010695:Phlorhizin; D059808:Polyphenols; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; C012526:quercitrin; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid; C008577:myricitrin; D002392:Catechin; D011794:Quercetin; D010695:Phlorhizin; C040048:caffeic acid