title: Immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory mediators in failing implants.
abstract: It was hypothesized that peri-implant tissue around loosening dental implants may contain cytokines with a potential to regulate osteoclasts. Peri-implant and/or gingival samples from loosened implants, chronic periodontitis (CP), and normal controls (n = 10 samples in each group) were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining to observe tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-6, platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). These cytokines were found in foreign-body giant cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IL-6 were increased (P < .05; unpaired t test) in peri-implantitis and CP, whereas PDGF-A and TGF-alpha were not. In conclusion, cytokines with a potential to activate osteoclasts were found in both peri-implantitis and CP, but the cytokine profiles differed in that IL-1alpha was the most prevalent cytokine in the former and TNF-alpha was the most common in the latter. These cytokines may contribute to peri-implant bone loss/loosening by stimulating formation and activity of osteoclasts and might be an amenable target for local therapies with cytokine modulators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/lnvartes Medicin, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland. yrjo.konttinen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Yrjö T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Konttinen
authors.forename: Rejo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lappalainen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laine
authors.forename: Uula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kitti
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santavirta
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Teronen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D015921:Dental Implants; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015921:Dental Implants