Parent and child anxiety sensitivity: relationship to children's experimental pain responsivity.
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) or fear of anxiety sensations has been linked to childhood learning history for somatic symptoms, suggesting that parental AS may impact children's responses to pain. Using structural equation modeling, we tested a conceptual model in which parent AS predicted child AS, which in turn predicted a hypothesized latent construct consisting of children's pain intensity ratings for 3 laboratory pain tasks (cold pressor, thermal heat, and pressure). This conceptual model was tested in 211 nonclinical parent-child pairs (104 girls, 107 boys; mean age 12.4 years; 178 mothers, 33 fathers). Our model was supported in girls only, indicating that the sex of the child moderated the hypothesized relationships. Thus, parent AS was related to child laboratory pain intensity via its contribution to child AS in girls but not in boys. In girls, 42% of the effect of parent AS on laboratory pain intensity was explained via child AS. In boys, there was no clear link between parent AS and child AS, although child AS was predictive of experimental pain intensity across sex. Our results are consistent with the notion that parent AS may operate via healthy girls' own fear of anxiety symptoms to influence their responses to laboratory pain stimuli.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study highlights sex differences in the links among parent and child anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety sensations) and children's experimental pain responses. Among girls, childhood learning history related to somatic symptoms may be a particularly salient factor in the development of anxiety sensitivity and pain responsivity.
Tsao
Jennie C I
JC
Pediatric Pain Program, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. jtsao@mednet.ucla.edu
Lu
Qian
Q
Myers
Cynthia D
CD
Kim
Su C
SC
Turk
Norman
N
Zeltzer
Lonnie K
LK
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011312:Pressure; D012737:Sex Factors