title: [Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy with pneumatic and ultrasonic power under B-type ultrasound guidance for treatment of renal calculi in non-dilated collecting system].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of management of renal stone in non-dilated collecting system by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) under ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2003 to April 2005, 132 cases of renal stone in non-dilated collecting system were performed by percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. A stent was first inserted into the pelvis through cystoscope, and saline was instilled to dilate collecting system. Antegrade percutaneous access was obtained by B-type ultrasound guidance. A combination pneumatic and ultrasonic lithotrite were used to disintegrate and remove stone under direct vision. Clinical data including operation time, complications and stone free rate were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percutaneous renal access was successfully established under B-type ultrasound guidance in all patients, immediate phase I lithotripsy was performed in 129 cases and delayed phase II lithotripsy in 3 cases. Operation time ranged from 70 to 130 minutes, average time was (89 +/- 11) minutes, 3 cases were supported by blood transfusion, severe complications did not occur during nephrolithotripsy. Stones were cleared in 114 out of 132 cases (86.4%) during immediate phase I lithotripsy, residual stone fragment was found in 18 cases who received second PCNL or adjuvant extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management of renal stone in non-dilated collecting system using PCNL appears to be efficacious and safe under B-type ultrasound guidance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, Beijing 100020, China. ljx1@sina.com
authors.forename: Jian-xing
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xi-quan
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yi-nong
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D007670:Kidney Calices / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography