title: Urgent GP referrals for suspected lung, colorectal, prostate and ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The UK urgent cancer referral guidance was introduced between 1999-2000. There is a dearth of literature relating to the effectiveness in detecting cancer of urgent suspected cancer referrals and general practitioners' compliance with the guidance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper aims to determine the diagnostic yield from urgent referrals for suspected colorectal, lung, ovarian and prostate cancer, and the proportion of patients with cancer who were urgently referred. Secondary aims are to determine the association of these findings with age, ethnicity, sex and marital status, and to determine the proportions of patients who fulfilled the urgent referral criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed notes analysis of all urgent referrals and all cancer diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hospital trust in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data regarding all urgent referrals and all cancer diagnoses were obtained from one hospital trust over a 2-year period. Data analysis was undertaken to determine, diagnostic yields and their association with sociodemographic factors, trends over time and fulfilment of the guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentages of urgent referrals diagnosed with cancer were colorectal 11%, lung 42%, ovarian 20%, and prostate 50%. The percentages of patients with cancer referred urgently were colorectal 21%, lung 23%, ovarian 24%, and prostate 32%. Patients who were urgently referred without cancer were younger than those with cancer for all but prostate. There were no significant differences by sex, marital status or ethnicity. For patients with cancer there were no differences for any sociodemographic factors in whether or not they were referred urgently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The predictive power of the referral guidance as a marker for cancer is low, resulting in significant numbers of patients being urgently referred without cancer. A large majority of patients not diagnosed with cancer through the urgent referral route did fulfil the criteria for urgent referral, suggesting that with more widespread use of the guidance the diagnostic yields will be higher. This has implications for patients, on hospital diagnostic systems, and for patients presenting through other pathways.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Primary Care, Institute of Health Sciences and Public Health Research, University of Leeds, Leeds.
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Allgar
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Nasreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leese
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heywood
authors.forename: Gill
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors