title: EFNS guidelines on the use of neuroimaging in the management of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Magnetic resonance (MR)-based techniques are widely used for the assessment of patients with suspected and definite multiple sclerosis (MS). However, despite the publication of several position papers, which attempted to define the utility of MR techniques in the management of MS, their application in everyday clinical practice is still suboptimal. This is probably related, not only, to the fact that the majority of published guidelines focused on the optimization of MR technology in clinical trials, but also to the continuing development of modern, quantitative MR-based techniques, that have not as yet entered the clinical arena. The present report summarizes the conclusions of the 'EFNS Expert Panel of Neuroimaging of MS' on the application of conventional and non-conventional MR techniques to the clinical management of patients with MS. These guidelines are intended to assist in the use of conventional MRI for the diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of patients with MS. In addition, they should provide a foundation for the development of more widespread but rational clinical applications of non-conventional MR-based techniques in studies of MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Department of Neurology Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. filippi.massimo@hsr.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakshi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Stefano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazekas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frohman
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*