title: Decision making in prostate-specific antigen screening National Health Interview Survey, 2000.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The net benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test are uncertain, and professional organizations recommend that physicians discuss these uncertainties with patients before initiating screening. Using a nationally representative sample of men reporting past PSA screening, we aimed to determine the extent to which screening was initiated by physicians and preceded by physician-patient discussions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey; 2,676 men aged 40 and older underwent PSA screening and met study inclusion criteria. We analyzed the proportions of men for whom PSA screening was (1) was initiated by the physician versus the patient, and (2) preceded by discussions about the test's advantages and disadvantages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 74% (95% CI=71.8-76.0) of recipients reported that PSA screening was initiated by their physician, and the proportion increased with advancing age, declining health status, lack of family history of prostate cancer, presence of a usual source of medical care, and non-Hispanic ethnicity. Sixty-five percent (95% CI=63.1-67.1) of screening recipients reported prescreening discussions with their physicians. Discussions were more common with physician-initiated screening than with patient-initiated screening, and among patients reporting a usual source of medical care, non-blue-collar occupation, and black race.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among U.S. men receiving PSA screening, screening is usually initiated by physicians, frequently in men relatively less likely to benefit from it, and often without prior discussion of the test's advantages and disadvantages. Further examination of the PSA decision-making process among screened and unscreened men is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. hanp@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Paul K J
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ralph J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Uhler
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Breen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009309:National Center for Health Statistics, U.S.; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen