title: A population approach to the study of emotion: diurnal rhythms of a working day examined with the Day Reconstruction Method.
abstract: To date, diurnal rhythms of emotions have been studied with real-time data collection methods mostly in relatively small samples. The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM), a new survey instrument that reconstructs the emotions of a day, is examined as a method for enabling large-scale investigations of rhythms. Diurnal cycles were observed for 12 emotion adjectives in 909 women over a working day. Bimodal patterns with peaks at noon and evenings were detected for positive emotions; peaks in negative emotions were found at mid-morning and mid-afternoon. A V-shaped pattern was found for tired and an inverted U-shaped pattern for competent. Several diurnal patterns from prior studies were replicated. The DRM appears to be a useful tool for the study of emotions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, NY 11794-8790, USA. arthur.stone@sunysb.edu
authors.forename: Arthur A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schkade
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kahneman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D004644:Emotions; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006802:Human Activities / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018401:Sample Size; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013781:Texas; D014931:Women, Working / Q000523:psychology*