title: Are prostate carcinoma clinical stages T1c and T2 similar?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent study has found that PSA recurrence rate for clinical T1c tumors is similar to T2 tumors, indicating a need for further refinement of clinical staging system. To test this finding we compared clinicopathologic characteristics and the time to PSA progression following radical retropubic prostatectomy of patients with clinical stage T1c tumors to those with stage T2, T2a or T2b tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a total of 186 consecutive patients submitted to prostatectomy, 33.52% had clinical stage T1c tumors, 45.45% stage T2a tumors and 21.02% stage T2b tumors. The variables studied were age, preoperative PSA, prostate weight, Gleason score, tumor extent, positive surgical margins, extraprostatic extension (pT3a), seminal vesicle invasion (pT3b), and time to PSA progression. Tumor extent was evaluated by a point-count method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with clinical stage T1c were younger and had the lowest mean preoperative PSA. In the surgical specimen, they had higher frequency of Gleason score < 7 and more organ confined cancer. In 40.54% of the patients with clinical stage T2b tumors, there was extraprostatic extension (pT3a). During the study period, 54 patients (30.68%) developed a biochemical progression. Kaplan-Meier product-limit analysis revealed no significant difference in the time to PSA progression between men with clinical stage T1c versus clinical stage T2 (p = 0.7959), T2a (p = 0.6060) or T2b (p = 0.2941) as well as between men with clinical stage T2a versus stage T2b (p = 0.0994).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicopathological features are not similar considering clinical stage T1c versus clinical stages T2, T2a or T2b.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil. athanase@fcm.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Athanase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Billis
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Magna
authors.forename: Isabela C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Matheus V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Gilliatt H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Telles
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen