title: Consensus review: A method of assessment of calcifications that appropriately undergo a six-month follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast calcifications seen on mammography may be associated with benign conditions or malignancies. Accurate characterization of these calcifications is crucial to providing optimal care that may spare women unnecessary biopsies and appropriately allow interval mammography. The purpose of this study is to determine if consensus characterization of calcifications by two breast imaging experts using standardized criteria can establish that follow-up is a safe option.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this retrospective study, our breast imaging database was reviewed and the cases imaged between the years 1999 and 2001 were used to identify patients with calcifications who were recommended for a six-month follow-up or biopsy. All cases had been prospectively assessed by at least two expert breast imagers using standardized features to assess the findings before a recommendation for follow-up or a biopsy was made. A retrospective chart review examining the radiology reports was done to determine the percentage of women from each of the two groups who developed malignancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 744 patients who had mammographically identified clusters of calcifications, 490 clusters (409 single and 81 multiple) were diagnosed as probably-benign, and a short-interval 6-month follow-up was recommended. Of these calcifications followed for three years, only two (0.5%) of the single clusters proved to be malignant, and malignancy was diagnosed at the 12-month follow-up examination. In both cases, the women were diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Of 254 clusters recommended for biopsy, 242 (215 single and 27 multiple) underwent biopsy. A total of 70 cancers were diagnosed: 54 (77.1%) were DCIS and 16 (22.9%) were primary invasive mammary carcinoma (10 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, 3 cases of invasive lobular carcinoma, 2 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma with DCIS, and one case of invasive mucinous carcinoma with DCIS). Twenty-nine percent of women who had a biopsy performed had calcifications associated with malignancy. In contrast, in the women whose calcifications were followed by mammography, only 0.5% went on to develop malignancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consensus review of calcifications by two breast imagers using standardized criteria is a safe follow-up option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. cherie_kuzmiak@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Cherie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kuzmiak
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dancel
authors.forename: Etta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.forename: Donglin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Elodia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Marcia A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koomen
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McLelland
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D032921:Consensus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology