title: Modification of pepsinogen I levels and their correlation with gastrointestinal injury after administration of dexibuprofen, ibuprofen or diclofenac: a randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a 2-week treatment with dexibuprofen, in comparison with ibuprofen and diclofenac, on pepsinogen plasma concentrations and gastrointestinal mucosa, as well as the correlation of these changes with gastrointestinal mucosal injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 patients with rheumatologic disease in chronic therapy with NSAID, were included. After a 7-day run-in period patients were randomly assigned to receive a 14-day treatment with dexibuprofen (Group A; Day 1 - 3 = 400 mg t.i.d; Day 4 - 14 = 400 mg b.i.d.), ibuprofen (Group B; Day 1 - 3 = 800 mg t.i.d; Day 4 -14 = 800 mg b.i.d.) or diclofenac (Group C; Day 1 - 3 = 50 mg t.i.d; Day 4 - 14 = 50 mg b.i.d.). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (Day 15), capsule-endoscopy (Day 16, 7 patients of each group) and determination of pepsinogen plasma concentrations were performed (basal and Day 15). A semiquantitative scale was designed for the assessment of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in plasma pepsinogen were found between treatment groups or gastrointestinal injury grades or between basal and post-therapy determinations. Dexibuprofen showed gastroduodenal mucosal injury in fewer patients (42.1%) than was the case with ibuprofen (5%; p = 0.003) and diclofenac (30%; p = N.S.). Dexibuprofen administration was also associated with more patients having no intestinal mucosal damage (42.86% vs. 28.7% in the diclofenac group and 14.29% in the ibuprofen group; p = 0.0175). The rate of clinical adverse events was similar in Groups A, B and C (28%, 38% and 34%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexibuprofen showed a lower rate of gastroduodenal and intestinal mucosal injury. This effect was not mediated by modifications of plasma pepsinogen levels.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caunedo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Redondo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sáenz-Dana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blasco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hergueta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Téllez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Pellicer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Herrerías
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007216:Indoprofen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004008:Diclofenac; D020116:Pepsinogen A; D007216:Indoprofen; D007052:Ibuprofen