title: Colour Doppler examination of early and late orbital haemodynamic changes in eyes with eyelid oedema due to blunt trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the early and late alterations in orbital blood flow parameters in eyes with severe eyelid swelling due to blunt trauma by using colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood flow parameters in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs) and central retinal vein (CRV) were examined by CDU in 62 eyes of 31 patients with unilateral blunt trauma and in 32 eyes of 32 normal subjects. Patients were examined within the first 5 days and at least 1 month after trauma. The traumatized eyes of patients were designated 'trauma eyes', non-traumatized fellow eyes were designated 'fellow eyes', and randomly chosen eyes of control subjects 'control eyes'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the early phase, peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity (EDV) in the OA in trauma eyes were statistically significantly higher than in both fellow eyes and control eyes: the p-values for the differences in PSV and EDV between trauma eyes and fellow eyes were p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively, while the p-values for the differences in PSV and EDV between trauma eyes and control eyes were p = 0.002 and p = 0.019, respectively). No other blood flow parameters obtained at the first examination in all groups were statistically different. In the late phase, PSV in the OA in trauma eyes was found to be higher than that in both fellow eyes and control eyes, but the difference was significant only between trauma eyes and fellow eyes (p = 0.028). End diastolic velocity in the CRA was statistically significantly lower in fellow eyes than in control eyes (p = 0.046). No other blood flow parameters in any vessels examined in fellow eyes and control eyes were statistically significantly different during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blood flow velocities detected by CDU are increased in the OA in eyes with eyelid oedema due to blunt trauma and some of these changes may persist for up to 1 month. This effect seems to be a consequence of trauma-induced hyperaemia in the orbital soft tissues rather than an expression of traumatic choroidal vasculopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. mnalp@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mehmet Numan
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Alp
authors.forename: Sevinç
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aksay
authors.forename: Muharrem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tola
authors.forename: Musa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ataseven
authors.forename: Tülay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olçer
authors.forename: Gülcan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kural
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D019842:Ciliary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D012169:Retinal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*