title: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for metastatic renal carcinoma in Europe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An allogeneic antitumour effect has been reported for various cancers. We evaluated the experience of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 124 patients from 21 European centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reduced intensity conditioning and peripheral blood stem cells from an HLA-identical sibling (n = 106), a mismatched related (n = 5), or an unrelated (n = 13) donor were used. Immunosuppression was cyclosporine alone, or combined with methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil. Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) were given to 42 patients. The median follow-up was 15 (range 3-41) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but three patients engrafted. The cumulative incidence of moderate to severe, grades II-IV acute GVHD was 40% and for chronic GVHD it was 33%. Transplant-related mortality was 16% at one year. Complete (n = 4) or partial (n = 24) responses, median 150 (range 42-600) days post-transplant, were associated with time from diagnosis to HSCT, mismatched donor and acute GVHD II-IV. Factors associated with survival included chronic GVHD (hazards ratio, HR 4.12, P < 0.001), DLI (HR 3.39, P < 0.001), <3 metastatic sites (HR 2.61, P = 0.002) and a Karnofsky score >70 (HR 2.33, P = 0.03). Patients (n = 17) with chronic GVHD and given DLI had a 2-year survival of 70%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with metastatic RCC, less than three metastatic locations and a Karnofsky score >70% can be considered for HSCT. Posttransplant DLI and limited chronic GVHD improved the patient survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barkholt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bregni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remberger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blaise
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peccatori
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Massenkeil
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pedrazzoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zambelli
authors.forename: J-O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Francois
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bengala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brune
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lenhoff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porcellini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siena
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Demirer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niederwieser
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ringdén
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D046528:Chimerism; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D018579:Patient Selection; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning