title: Synthesis and evaluation of potent, highly-selective, 3-aryl-piperazinone inhibitors of protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I.
abstract: A series of compounds based on the carboxyl-terminal CAAL sequence of PGGTase-I substrates was designed and synthesized. Using piperazin-2-one as a semi-rigid scaffold, we have introduced critical pharmacophores in a well-defined arrangement to mimic the CAAL sequence. High potency and exceptional selectivity were obtained for inhibition of PGGTase-I with structures such as 45 and 70. Potency of this series of GGTIs was dependent on the presence of an L-leucine residue with a free carboxyl terminus, as well as an S configuration of the 3-aryl group. The selectivity was significantly enhanced by 5-methyl substitution on the imidazole ring and fluorine substitution on the 3-aryl group. Modification of the 6-position of the piperazinone scaffold was found to be unfavorable. Compounds 44 and 69, the corresponding methyl esters of 45 and 70, were found to selectively block processing of Rap1A by PGGTase-I in whole cells with IC(50) values of 0.4 microM and 0.7 microM respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Hairuo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carrico
authors.forename: Van
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thai
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaskovich
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Pusateri
authors.forename: Said M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sebti
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D010879:Piperazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007659:Ketones; D010879:Piperazines; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C083291:geranylgeranyltransferase type-I