Smoking among Greek nurses and their readiness to quit.
AIM AND RATIONALE: The preventable nature of smoking-associated diseases places a responsibility on health professionals for smoking-related health promotion. This paper disseminates information from a survey of qualified Greek nurses, comparing smoking attitudes, influences on smoking behaviours and desire to quit with their motivation to act as health promoters with patients and other health professionals who smoke.


METHODS
A random sample (n=402) of qualified nurses employed by hospitals in Athens was surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey which had a 73% response rate. Following quality control measures, a final sample of 308 was achieved.


RESULTS
Results showed that almost half of the nurses in the sample were current smokers, almost a quarter were former smokers, with just less than a third non-smokers. Using the Stages of Change model as a measure, the survey reported that 11% of the smokers in the sample expressed a desire to stop within the next month, another 12% in the coming 6 months and 23% of current smokers were still in the pre-contemplation stage. The main reasons given for continuing to smoke included using tobacco for enjoyment and as a coping mechanism for stress. Organizational problems were identified as the main source of stress. Finally, the majority of respondents confirmed the important part that they can play as role models in promoting health behaviours in their patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that smoking prevalence among qualified Greek nurses is greater than that reported in the general Greek population. Implications and recommendations for nursing practice, education and research include the early provision of smoking education in nurse training. Interventions should be directed at nurses who smoke to assist them to stop and to maintain cessation according to their stages of change.
Beletsioti-Stika
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P
Military Academy of Nursing, Athens, Greece.
Scriven
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A
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel / Q000208:ethnology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires