title: In severely suicidal young adults, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation constitute a single syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite voluminous research on the role of hopelessness and depression in suicidality, a systematic examination of various causal models pertaining to these variables is conspicuous in its absence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The directions of relationships between the three variables were examined by means of a prospective-longitudinal, cross-lagged, three-wave design in a severely suicidal young adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analyses revealed synchronous, but not longitudinal, associations between hopelessness, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In severely suicidal young adults, the three clinical constructs appear to constitute a single depressive syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, IsraelFlorida State University, FL, USA. shaharg@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: Golan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shahar
authors.forename: Liad
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bareket
authors.forename: M David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Joiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011340:Problem Solving; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D013577:Syndrome