title: Posttraumatic stress symptoms and smoking to reduce negative affect: an investigation of trauma-exposed daily smokers.
abstract: The present investigation examined the relations among posttraumatic stress symptoms and smoking motives. Participants included 100 daily smokers recruited from the community and university settings who reported exposure to at least one traumatic event that met criterion A for posttraumatic stress disorder. Consistent with prediction, higher levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with smoking to reduce negative affect; this relation was observed after controlling for variance accounted for by number of cigarettes smoked per day and gender. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of smoking to regulate affect among daily smokers who have been exposed to traumatic events.
authors.affiliation: Prevention Sciences Division of the Intervention Sciences Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Department of Psychology, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. mfeldne@uark.edu
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Feldner
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Babson
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
authors.forename: Anka A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vujanovic
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Candice M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology*