title: Median sternotomy closure in dogs: a mechanical comparison of technique stability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the mechanical properties of canine median sternotomy closure using double-loop cerclage compared with other commonly used cerclage sternotomy closure patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty canine cadaveric sternal segments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Median sternotomy-wire constructs were loaded to failure in a materials testing machine. Each construct was radiographed before and after testing. Specific wire configurations tested were: 2 single twist cerclage centered on the sternebrae, single twist figure of 8 pattern centered on the sternal synchondrosis, double twist figure of 8 pattern centered on the sternal synchondrosis, 2 double-loop cerclage centered on the sternebrae, and 1 double-loop cerclage centered on the sternal synchondrosis. Wire configurations were compared by craniocaudal translation of sternabrae on pre-test radiographs, and displacement during loading, and mode of failure, based on analysis of test video, and post-test radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Double-loop cerclage did not provide superior mechanical stabilization of median sternotomy. Both figure of 8 patterns had the least displacement at higher loads. Two single twists that were centered on sternebrae were least able to prevent displacement at higher loads, caused the most craniocaudal translation before testing, and fractured more often at loads < or = 200 N compared with other configurations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sternal wiring techniques stabilizing sternal synchondroses had the least displacement. Overall, figure of 8 cerclage appeared most suitable because they minimized displacement at high loads and facilitated accurate reduction during tensioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In closing canine sternotomy, figure of 8 cerclage may be most suitable. Double-loop cerclage centered on the sternal synchondrosis should be avoided because of wire failure at high loads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA. kmdavis2@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Kechia M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Kyle G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Mente
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001864:Bone Wires / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D013249:Sternum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary