title: The anti-gastropathic and anti-rheumatic effect of niga-ichigoside F1 and 23-hydroxytormentic acid isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus in a rat model.
abstract: This study was undertaken to produce the clinical merits of two natural antinociceptive anti-inflammatory triterpenoids which synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs do not have. The triterpenoid glycoside niga-ichigoside F1 (NIF1) and its aglycone 23-hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA), which were isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae), reduced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factor and C-reactive protein (CRP) factor in Freund's complete adjuvant reagent-induced rats, suggesting that these two triterpenoids had an anti-rheumatic effect. It was also shown that treatment with NIF1 or 23-HTA reduced gastric lesion extent, acidity and total gastric acid output induced by EtOH plus sodium salicylate in a gastric secretion test. Moreover, 23-HTA had a greater effect than the glycoside, NIF1. To clarify the anti-gastropathic mechanism of these two compounds, their free radical scavenging activities in the gastric mucosa were examined in a rat EtOH-sodium salicylate-induced gastropathy model. The two compounds significantly increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, indicating that the healing effects of NIF1 and 23-HTA against gastropathy are associated with free radical scavenging enzyme activities. These results support the notion that the long-term administration of NIF1 or 23-HTA should overcome the adverse effects of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Dondaemun-ku, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jongwon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Juhn
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012980:Sodium Salicylate; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C511643:23-hydroxytormentic acid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012503:Saponins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014315:Triterpenes; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; C090725:niga-ichigoside F1; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D012980:Sodium Salicylate