title: Total bacterial and species-specific 16S rDNA micro-array quantification of complex samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a novel DNA-micro-array-based method that targets 16S rDNA to quantify changes in both the total bacterial DNA and the species-specific DNA composition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quantifications were achieved by combining competitive PCR for quantifying total bacterial DNA with quantification of species-specific DNA composition based on signature 16S rDNA sequences. We constructed 11 different probes, which were evaluated on 21 different strains, in addition to complex samples. The signals obtained with sequence-specific labelling of the probes corresponded well with what should be expected based on 16S rDNA phylogenetic reconstruction. The quantification of species-specific DNA composition showed that the micro-array approach could be used to accurately determine differential growth of bacteria in mixed samples. We analysed samples containing mixtures of Lactococcus lactis and different species of propionibacteria during a 2-week incubation period. Lactococcus lactis grew fast, reaching a maximum after 12 h, Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii reached a maximum after 48 h, whereas Propionibacterium jensenii showed a slow increase during the whole growth period. The 16S rDNA total bacterial DNA quantification was compared with real-time PCR, absorbance measurements (ABS600) and colony forming units (CFU).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of the array approach was in the same range or better than the alternative techniques. The potential of the 16S rDNA micro-array method was further demonstrated using a liquid cheese model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is to our knowledge the first time quantification of the total bacterial DNA and the species-specific DNA compositions of mixed populations have been achieved in the same assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway. janneke.treimo@umb.no
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Treimo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vegarud
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langsrud
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rudi
mesh_terms: D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology; D015342:DNA Probes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011424:Propionibacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S