title: Early removal of postmastectomy drains is not beneficial: results from a halted randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Closed-suction drainage to reduce seromas is standard after mastectomy. This study evaluates the safety of early drain removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing mastectomy were randomized to early removal on postoperative day 2 or standard removal (< 30 mL drainage in 24 hours or postoperative day 14). Primary endpoints were time to drain removal and physician visits. Secondary endpoints were number of seroma aspirations, drain reinsertions, and infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven patients were recruited before an interim analysis was performed to address safety concerns. Three patients withdrew before trial completion, leaving 14 patients in the standard group and 10 in the early group. Patients in the standard group had significantly fewer seroma aspirations, fewer drain reinsertions, and fewer physician visits. The trial was halted because of the higher rate of events in the early group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical drains cannot be safely removed on postoperative day 2 after mastectomy. Early removal significantly increases the occurrence of seromas requiring treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Misericordia Hospital, University of Alberta, 16940 87 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta T5R 4H5, Canada.
authors.forename: Anise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blitz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yakimets
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dabbs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D020878:Device Removal; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D049291:Seroma / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome