title: Recognition of depressive symptoms by Chinese subjects: the influence of acculturation and depressive experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously found that the level of acculturation in Chinese subjects influences reporting of depression. It is not clear to what extent such differences in reporting are a consequence of differences in the recognition of depressive symptoms. This study examined the influence of acculturation and personal depressive experience on recognition of depressive symptoms in a sample of Chinese subjects and controls in a western region.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 35-item Depressive Symptom Questionnaire was given to 385 Chinese subjects, grouped according to their language preference, and 143 non-Chinese Controls all recruited from general practices. Subjects rated recognition of symptoms on a 3-point scale according to the likelihood of someone who had depression experiencing each of the 35 symptoms. Three symptom dimensions were extracted using factor analysis: core, cognitive and somatic symptoms. The influence of acculturation and previous experience of depression on these symptom dimensions was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of acculturation in the Chinese influenced the recognition of 'somatic' and 'cognitive' symptoms, but the Chinese groups did not differ from Controls in recognition of 'core' symptoms. Previous experience of depression led to greater recognition of all three dimensions of symptoms, regardless of level of acculturation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Westernized Chinese, despite varying levels of acculturation, appeared capable of recognizing depressive symptoms as well as Control subjects. This suggests that the influence of acculturation on reporting on depressive symptoms may be due to factors other than the recognition of depression. This study has implications for the early detection of depression among the Chinese in differing geographical regions.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia. g.parker@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tully
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D012008:Recurrence; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology