title: Incidence and types of childhood hypertropia: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and types of childhood hypertropia in a defined population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective population-based cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pediatric (<19 years of age) residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, diagnosed with vertical strabismus from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 1994.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all potential patients identified by the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence and types of childhood hypertropia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two cases of childhood hypertropia were identified during the 10-year period, yielding an annual age- and gender-adjusted incidence of 12.9 (95% confidence interval, 9.0-16.9) per 100000 patients younger than 19 years of age. This rate corresponds to a prevalence of approximately 0.26%, or 1 in 391, of all children younger than 19 years of age. Nearly three fourths (71.4%) of the children had a IVth cranial nerve palsy, primary inferior oblique overaction, Brown syndrome, or a vertical tropia in the setting of an abnormal central nervous system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence rates for childhood hypertropia in this population-based study are higher than published reports of prevalence. Fourth cranial nerve palsy and primary dysfunction of the inferior oblique muscle were the most common forms of vertical strabismus in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Megha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tollefson
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Mohney
authors.forename: Nancy N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013285:Strabismus / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D020432:Trochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology