title: The use of Spanish by medical students and residents at one university hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe how medical trainees report communication with Spanish-speaking patients, and to assess trainees' desire to improve their language skills and have those skills formally evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was mailed to all fourth-year medical students and non-first-year residents in family practice, pediatrics, medicine, medicine-pediatrics, emergency medicine, and obstetrics-gynecology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in 2004 (N = 263).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 92% (241/263). Each respondent had at least one year of clinical experience at the hospital. Of the 83% (199/241) who reported less than conversational Spanish language skills, 53% had taken a history and/or provided medical advice directly to Spanish-speaking patients without any form of interpretation. When an interpreter was used, professional interpretation services were used less frequently than other forms of interpretation (42% versus 58%, p < .05). Analyses were performed on the 68% (164/241) who reported having at least rudimentary Spanish skills: 85% reported that they would probably or definitely participate in further individual language training, 70% expressed at least possible willingness to have their Spanish formally evaluated, and 80% predicted that it is at least possible that they will use their Spanish as attending physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the time of this study, this hospital's medical students and residents from multiple specialties used inadequate Spanish language skills to provide direct medical care despite the availability of professional interpretation services. Most of these trainees were motivated to improve their Spanish and would welcome evaluation of their language skills.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA. Daniel_yaman@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yawman
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auinger
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weitzman
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003144:Communication Barriers; D004522:Educational Status; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007802:Language; D009518:New York; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011361:Professional Competence; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D000078329:Workforce