title: Cultured smooth muscle cells of the human vesical sphincter are more sensitive to histamine than are detrusor smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare histamine receptor expression in cultured smooth muscle cells from the human detrusor and internal sphincter using receptor-specific agonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smooth muscle cells from the bladder dome and internal sphincter were cultured from 5 male patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer therapy. Calcium transients in cells stimulated with carbachol, histamine, histamine receptor 1 (H1R)-specific heptanecarboxamide (HTMT), dimaprit (H2R), and R-(alpha)-methylhistamine (H3R) were measured by calcium imaging. Histamine receptor proteins were detected by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H1R, H2R, and H3R expression was found in tissue and cultured cells. Carbachol stimulated equal numbers of detrusor and sphincter cells (60% and 51%, respectively). Histamine stimulated significantly more cells than carbachol in detrusor (100%) and sphincter (99.34%) cells. Calcium responses to carbachol in detrusor and sphincter cells were comparable and did not differ from those to histamine in detrusor cells. However, histamine and specific agonists stimulated more sphincter cells than did carbachol (P <0.001), and the calcium increase was greater in sphincter cells than in detrusor cells. Single cell analysis revealed comparable H2R responses in detrusor and sphincter cells, but H1R and H3R-mediated calcium reactions were significantly greater in sphincter cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histamine very effectively induces calcium release in smooth muscle cells. In sphincter cells, histamine is even more effective than carbachol regarding the number of reacting cells and the intracellular calcium increase. Some of the variability in the outcome of antihistaminic interstitial cystitis therapies might be caused by the ineffectiveness of the chosen antihistaminic or unintentional weakening of sphincteric function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. neuj@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberbach
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwalenberg
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Stolzenburg
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015653:Cystectomy; D006632:Histamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017442:Histamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D011968:Receptors, Histamine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011970:Receptors, Histamine H2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018100:Receptors, Histamine H3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
chemical_list: D017442:Histamine Agonists; D011968:Receptors, Histamine; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1; D011970:Receptors, Histamine H2; D018100:Receptors, Histamine H3; D006632:Histamine; D002217:Carbachol; D002118:Calcium