title: Bigenic mouse models of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis involving pairwise interaction of CD2AP, Fyn, and synaptopodin.
abstract: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common primary glomerular diagnosis resulting in end-stage renal disease. Defects in several podocyte proteins have been implicated in the etiology of FSGS, including podocin, alpha-actinin-4, CD2-associated protein (CD2AP), and TRPC6. Despite our growing understanding of genes involved in the pathogenesis of focal segmental sclerosis, the vast majority of patients with this disease, even those with a familial linkage, lack a clear genetic diagnosis. Here, we tested whether combinations of genetic heterozygosity (bigenic heterozygosity) that alone do not result in clinical kidney disease could function together to enhance susceptibility to glomerular damage and FSGS. Combinations of Cd2ap heterozygosity and heterozygosity of either synaptopodin (Synpo) or Fyn proto-oncogene (Fyn) but not kin of IRRE like 1 (Neph1) resulted in spontaneous proteinuria and in FSGS-like glomerular damage. These genetic interactions were also reflected at a functional level, as we found that CD2AP associates with Fyn and Synpo but not with Neph1. This demonstrates that bigenic heterozygosity can lead to FSGS and suggests that combined mutations in 2 or multiple podocyte genes may be a common etiology for glomerular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Tobias B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwoh
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gödel
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartleben
authors.forename: Ken J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Blumer
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mundel
authors.forename: Andrey S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C114545:CD2-associated protein; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; C503968:Synpo protein, mouse; D051076:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fyn