title: Comparison and measurement of the amount of anchorage loss of the molars with and without the use of implant anchorage during canine retraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare and measure the amount of anchorage loss with titanium microimplants and conventional molar anchorage during canine retraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects for this study comprised 10 orthodontic patients (7 women, 3 men) with a mean age of 19.6 years (range, 18 to 25 years), who had therapeutic extraction of all first premolars. After leveling and aligning, titanium microimplants 1.3 mm in diameter and 9 mm in length were placed between the roots of the second premolars and the first molars. Implants were placed in the maxillary and mandibular arches on 1 side in 8 patients and in the maxilla only in 2 patients. A brass wire guide and an intraoral periapical radiograph were used to determine the implant positions. After 15 days, the implants and the molars were loaded with closed-coil springs for canine retraction. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after retraction, and the tracings were superimposed to assess anchorage loss. The amount of molar anchorage loss was measured from pterygoid vertical in the maxilla and sella-nasion perpendicular in the mandible.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean anchorage losses were 1.60 mm in the maxilla and 1.70 mm in the mandible on the molar anchorage side; no anchorage loss occurred on the implant side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Titanium microimplants can function as simple and efficient anchors for canine retraction when maximum anchorage is desired.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India. badri_chari@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Badri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thiruvenkatachari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavithranand
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajasigamani
authors.forename: Hee Moon
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kyung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D003481:Cuspid / Q000503:physiopathology; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008644:Mesial Movement of Teeth / Q000209:etiology; D008904:Miniaturization; D008963:Molar / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium