title: Comparison of treatment outcomes of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma in two US centers and a center in Recife, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has a cure rate of more than 80% in high-income countries (HIC). However, more than 80% of the world's children live in low-income countries (LIC), where the cure rate is often much lower.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the outcome of HL of 371 patients treated at two pediatric oncology centers in the US to that of 62 patients treated at one center in Recife, Brazil (IMIP) to determine whether the same treatment strategy should be used in both high-income and LIC. The logrank test was used to compare event-free and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentages of patients with unfavorable disease at each center were similar (P = 0.72). Patients with favorable disease at IMIP had estimated 5-year survival rates comparable to those of the US centers (100% and 99%, respectively). Among patients with unfavorable disease, those treated at IMIP had a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate of 60%, compared to 78% at the US centers; (P = 0.08). The 5-year survival estimate after relapse was 25% at IMIP versus 61% at the US centers (P = 0.08). The 5-year overall survival for patients with unfavorable disease was 72% at IMIP versus 90% at the US centers (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intensive frontline therapy should be considered for patients with unfavorable HL in LIC where the relapse rate is high and the salvage rate is low, provided that supportive care is adequate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA. hsus@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Saunders C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Monika L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Mecneide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lins
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Kaline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.forename: Ching-Hon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pui
authors.forename: Raul C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone; D008727:Methotrexate