title: Operating manual-based usability evaluation of medical devices: an effective patient safety screening method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of medical devices often directly contributes to medical errors. Because it is difficult or impossible to change the design of existing devices, the best opportunity for improving medical device safety is during the purchasing process. However, most hospital personnel are not familiar with the usability evaluation methods designed to identify aspects of a user interface that do not support intuitive and safe use. A review of medical device operating manuals is proposed as a more practical method of usability evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operating manuals for five volumetric infusion pumps from three manufacturers were selected for this study (January-April 2003). Each manual's safety message content was evaluated to determine whether the message indicated a device design characteristic that violated known usability principles (heuristics) or indicated a violation of an affordance of the device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Minimize memory load," with 65 violations, was the heuristic violated most frequently across pumps. Variations between pumps, including the frequency and severity of violations for each, were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that manual review can provide a proxy for heuristic evaluation of the actual medical device. This method, intended to be a component of prepurchasing evaluation, can complement more formal usability evaluation methods and be used to select a subset of devices for more extensive and formal testing.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Information Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA. James.P.Turley@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Turley
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Danielle Paige
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jaijie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Juliana J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brixey
mesh_terms: D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D008370:Manuals as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D017751:Safety Management; D014481:United States