title: Hormone levels before and after tubal sterilization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether women experience significant luteal phase hormonal changes following interval tubal sterilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a partly randomized, prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved healthy volunteers in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 118 fertile women seeking tubal sterilization and 57 fertile controls with at least three normal cyclic menstrual periods before entry into the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were randomized to bipolar cautery or Hulka clip as sterilization methods. Barrier contraception or abstinence was used by controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures are serum estradiol and progesterone levels and urinary estradiol and pregnanediol levels obtained during the luteal phase before, 1 year and 2 years after sterilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women randomized to the bipolar cautery group had higher midluteal progesterone levels measured between Days 5 and 11 postovulation (15.5 ng/mL before sterilization, 14.5 ng/mL at 1 year and 14.5 ng/mL at 2 years) than did the other two groups. The clip group had progesterone levels of 14.1, 12.0 and 12.5 ng/mL at baseline, 1 year and 2 years, respectively, and the control group had levels of 12.0, 11.9 and 11.3 ng/mL for the same periods. Serum estradiol and progesterone and urinary pregnanediol and estradiol were not significantly changed over the 2-year period, nor were there significant differences between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no significant hormonal changes in sterilized women over a period of 2 years when compared with their baseline levels or when compared with unsterilized age-matched controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State University of New York-Downstate, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
authors.forename: Gwen P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Helbig
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zacur
authors.forename: Taesung
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Jack
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Westhoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002425:Cautery; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D011276:Pregnanediol / Q000652:urine; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013525:Surgical Instruments
chemical_list: D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D011276:Pregnanediol