title: Cleft lip and palate in mice treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: a morphological in vivo study.
abstract: It is well-known that TCDD (2,3,7,8, tetrachloridedibenzo-p-dioxin) induces cleft palates (CPs) in pregnant C57BL mice. However, it is unclear if TCDD is a possible teratogen for cleft lip. We examined maxillofacial malformations including cleft lip in three animal strains: A/J mice, C57BL/6J mice and ICR mice. The A/J mouse develops cleft lip and palate spontaneously at a 5-10% rate. TCDD was administered in olive oil on gestation day (GD) 12.5 with gastric tubes at 10 microg/kg, 20 microg/kg, or 40 microg/kg to examine the dose-response, and on a single day from GD 8.5-14.5 to examine the timing effects of TCDD administration on lip and palate formation. Furthermore, the palatal shelf movements during GD 8.5-14.5 were observed with a stereoscopic microscope. All embryos had cleft palates when the TCDD was administered just before palatogenesis (GD11.5-GD12.5). With respect to the TCDD effects, there were large differences among the strains. In the A/J mice, the difference between a lethal dose and a dose that could induce a cleft palate was close. Cleft lips were not induced, even when the TCDD was given just before labiogenesis. Morphologically, both palatal shelves contacted perfectly along their lengths, but separated and formed cleft palates. In conclusion, TCDD is a strong inducer of cleft palates, and interferes with the fusion phase of the secondary palate, but has no effect on the lip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. yamada@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008046:Lip / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010159:Palate / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D013723:Teratogens