title: Innate immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) induced by probiotics.
abstract: Carnobacterium maltaromaticum B26 and Carnobacterium divergens B33, which were isolated from the intestine of healthy rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), were selected as being potentially useful as probiotics with effectiveness against Aeromonas salmonicida and Yersinia ruckeri. Thus, rainbow trout administered with feed supplemented with B26 or B33 dosed at >10(7) cells g(-1) feed conferred protection against challenge with virulent cultures of the pathogens. Moreover, both cultures persisted in the gut for up to 3 weeks after administration. The cultures enhanced the cellular and humoral immune responses. Specifically, fish fed with B26 demonstrated significantly increased phagocytic activity of the head kidney macrophages, whereas the use of B33 led to significant increases in respiratory burst and serum lysozyme activity. Also, the gut mucosal lysozyme activity for fish fed with both cultures was statistically higher than the controls.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Do-Hyung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000333:Aeromonas / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000032:analysis; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014357:Trypsin / Q000276:immunology; D015007:Yersinia / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015009:Yersinia Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D009113:Muramidase; D014357:Trypsin