title: Cervical spine injuries in ocean bathers: wave-related accidents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Spine injuries can occur secondary to several aquatic recreational activities. A series of cases of patients who experienced cervical spine injuries secondary to ocean waves accidents is presented. A description and analysis of this kind of injury is performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients were treated from January 1999 to May 2005. The mechanism of accident, mechanism of injury, neurological status, radiographic findings, associated injuries, and treatment were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These injuries are common among older patients. More severe and devastating injuries occurred in young patients. The most common mechanism of injury is hyperextension associated to spondylosis, which usually caused central cord syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wave-related accidents in ocean bathers are secondary to lack of experience of swimming in the ocean and underestimating the danger of waves. Although different types of mechanism of injury occurred, hyperextension was the most common. High-risk patients are older people with preexisting cervical spondylosis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurosurgery, Hospital Ameri-med, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, México, CP 48310. larl_2000@msn.com
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Robles
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013550:Swimming / Q000293:injuries*