title: [Diuretic therapy in heart failure].
abstract: Diuretic therapy is a drug therapy that increases urine volume, but not glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The diuretics act predominantly on tubular sites; the drugs that increase GRF are the aminophyllines, the positive inotropy or vasoactive substances that increase afferent arteriolar flux or intraglomerular pressure. We can divide the diuretics into six categories: 1) carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide; 2) osmotic diuretics: glycerol, mannitol, urea; 3) loop diuretics: furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, piretanide, torsemide; 4) thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics: chlorothiazide, trichlormethiazide, indapamide, chlorthalidone, metolazone; 5) potassium-sparers: a) kidney epithelial sodium channel inhibitors: amiloride and triamterene; b) aldosterone receptor antagonists: spironolactone, canrenoate potassium, eplerenone; 6) ADH antagonists: lithium salts, demeclocycline and ethanol. Diuretic therapy is useful in treating acute and chronic renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, overhydration and hypertension. Diuretic therapy increases urine volume, ion loss (except Na+, K+), and modifies diffusion (dilute urine) and convection mechanisms (reduced tubular absorption). Therefore, diuretics are very useful non-dangerous drugs.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome. splendiani@med.uniroma2.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Splendiani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Condò
mesh_terms: D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics