title: Increased plasma fibrinogen predicts one-year mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for vascular diseases related to atherosclerosis. Its long-term predictive value in stroke survivors is not established. We conducted this study to establish the significance of hyperfibrinogenemia as the possible predictor of 30-day and one-year mortality in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 900 unselected patients with ischemic stroke admitted to the hospital within 24 h after onset of symptoms. We noted demographic data, risk factors for stroke, neurological deficit and disturbances of consciousness on admission. We measured plasma concentration of fibrinogen and the body temperature on day 1 and registered vital status at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean concentration of plasma fibrinogen was 2.9 g/L and 25.2% of patients had increased plasma concentration of fibrinogen (i.e. > or = 3.5 g/L) on day 1. Patients with hyperfibrinogenemia were more likely to die after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months than those with normal plasma fibrinogen (21.1% vs. 15.6%, 36.4% vs. 24.6%, 42.6% vs. 27.3%, 45.7% vs. 31.2%, respectively; P < 0.001 for the last three differences). Hyperfibrinogenemia did not predict short-term case-fatality, but increased concentration of plasma fibrinogen was an independent predictor of one-year case-fatality (P = 0.013; OR: 1.69 (95% CI 1.12-2.55)). Other independent predictors of one-year case-fatality were: neurological deficit on admission, age, white blood cell count, and body temperature on day 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased concentration of plasma fibrinogen shortly after ischemic stroke independently increases risk of death within one year after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, ul. Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakow, Poland. turaj@cm-uj.krakow.pl
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Turaj
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Słowik
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dziedzic
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pułyk
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamski
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strojny
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczudlik
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D005340:Fibrinogen