title: Antiplatelets, ACE inhibitors, and statins combination reduces stroke severity and tissue at risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiplatelets (APL), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEI), and statins (STAT) are commonly used for stroke prevention. The authors examined whether combination therapy with these agents has additive protective effects in reducing ischemic stroke severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively analyzed data from 210 consecutive patients presenting within 24 hours of stroke onset. Baseline NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and PWI-DWI mismatch lesion volumes as clinical and radiologic measures of stroke severity were measured among patients who were not taking APL, ACEI, or STAT before stroke onset vs those who were taking APL alone or in combination with either ACEI, STAT, or both.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine patients were not on APL, ACEI, or STAT at stroke onset; 47 were on APL alone, 43 on dual (14 APL + STAT, 29 APL + ACEI), and 20 on triple combination therapy. Patients on triple therapy had lower NIHSS score (p = 0.001) and smaller mean PWI-DWI mismatch lesion volumes (p = 0.03) than those on two agents, APL alone, or no prestroke therapy. Higher percentages of patients on triple therapy had shorter length of hospitalization and better functional status upon discharge. Age, risk factor profile, blood pressure, glucose levels, onset to evaluation time, stroke subtypes, and DWI lesion volumes were comparable among all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prestroke use of available drugs for stroke prevention, in combination, may result in additive reduction in stroke severity, as measured by NIH Stroke Scale, and the volume of ischemic tissue at risk, as assessed by perfusion-weighted imaging-diffusion-weighted imaging mismatch. These findings require further validation in larger-scale, randomized, prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savitz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlaug
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors