title: Is tennis a predisposing factor for degenerative shoulder disease? A controlled study in former elite players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High demands imposed to the shoulder during tennis activity can decrease the efficiency of static and dynamic constraints. Subtle or frank instability of the glenohumeral joint may occur, and long term degenerative changes may be expected.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare the prevalence of primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis in senior tennis players and matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 asymptomatic senior tennis players were studied (17 male; mean (SD) age, 57.2 (8.8) years) with no history of shoulder surgery or major trauma. There were 18 matched controls. Radiographs were used to determine glenohumeral osteoarthritic changes: joint space narrowing, humeral and glenoid subchondral sclerosis, humeral and glenoid juxta-articular cysts, osteophytes, humeral and glenoid flattening, humeral posterior displacement and glenoid posterior erosion. Findings were classified as normal, minimal, moderate, or severe changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  33% of the players (95% confidence interval (CI), 13% to 59%) had osteoarthritic changes in their dominant shoulder (n = 6; five with minimal changes, one with moderate changes), and 11% of the controls (95% CI, 1% to 34%) had articular degeneration on their dominant side (n = 2; both minimal changes) (p = 0.04, Wilcoxon test). The osteoarthritic group was significantly older than the players without degenerative changes (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis in the dominant shoulder was greater in former elite tennis players than in sedentary controls. Prolonged intensive tennis practice may be a predisposing factor for the development of mild degenerative articular changes in the dominant shoulder.
authors.affiliation: High Performance National Training Centre (CeNARD), Argentine Tennis Association, Buenos Aires, Argentina. jmaquirriain@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maquirriain
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ghisi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013715:Tennis / Q000293:injuries*