title: No effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, Hochu-ekki-to, on antibody titer after influenza vaccination in man: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It was shown that a traditional Chinese medicine, Hochu-ekki-to (HET), had adjuvant effects in influenza vaccination in an animal experiment. This, however, could not be assessed in a clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (control and HET groups) in a double-blind manner. HET subjects (n=17) took 7.5 g of HET/day for two weeks; control subjects took the same amount of indistinguishable placebo. Then subjects were vaccinated against influenza (H1N1, H3N2 and B/Shandong). Hemagglutinin titers and natural killer (NK) activity were measured at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, and 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antiinfluenza titers against the three viruses were increased continuously for the first two weeks and leveled off. However, there were no significant differences in any titers between the two groups. NK activity peaked at week 2 without any inter-group differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We could not find any adjuvant effects of HET in this experimental condition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Application, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama-city, Toyama 9300194, Japan. hamazaki@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamazaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawazaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itomura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawakita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamazaki
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D010936:Plant Extracts; C402943:bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang