title: Bone morphogenetic proteins and growth differentiation factors as drug targets in cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and growth differentiation factors (GDFs) control the development and homeostasis of multiple tissue types in many organisms, from humans to invertebrates. These morphogens are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and they signal by binding to serine-threonine kinase receptors, resulting in coordinated changes in gene expression that regulate the differentiation and development of multiple tissue types. In addition, these proteins are regulated post-transcriptionally through binding to several soluble proteins. In this review we focus on a subset of BMPs and GDFs that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA. jtobin@wyeth.com
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Celeste
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D055451:Growth Differentiation Factor 3; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; C525974:GDF3 protein, human; D055451:Growth Differentiation Factor 3; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors