title: Repeatability of normal multifocal VEP: implications for detecting progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the repeatability of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) and to compare it with the repeatability of standard automated perimetry (SAP) in the same group of 50 normal controls retested after 1 year. Our second aim was to assess the repeatability of false alarm rates determined previously for the mfVEP using various cluster criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty individuals with normal vision participated in this study (33 females and 17 males). The age range was 26.7 to 77.9 years and the group average age (+/- SD) was 51.4 (+/- 12.1) years. Pattern-reversal mfVEPs were obtained using a dartboard stimulus pattern in VERIS and two 8-minute runs per eye were averaged. The average number of days between the first and second mfVEP tests was 378 (+/- 58). SAP visual fields were obtained within 17.4 (+/- 20.3) days of the mfVEP using the SITA-standard threshold algorithm. Repeatability of mfVEPs and SAP total deviation values were evaluated by calculating point-wise limits of agreement (LOA). Specificity (1-false alarm rate) was evaluated for a range of cluster criteria, whereby the number and probability level of the points defining a cluster were varied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Point-wise LOA for the mfVEP signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ranged from 2.0 to 4.3 dB, with an average of 2.9 dB across all 60 locations. For SAP, LOA ranged from 2.4 to 8.9 dB, with an average of 4.0 dB (excluding the points immediately above and below the blind spot). Clusters of abnormal points were not likely to repeat on either mfVEP or SAP. When an mfVEP abnormality was defined as the repeat presence (confirmation) of a 3-point (P < 0.05) cluster anywhere within a single hemifield, only 1 (of 200) monocular hemifield was deemed abnormal. Although the LOA of the mfVEP were similar throughout the field, the limited dynamic range of SNR at superior field locations will limit the ability to follow progression in "depth" at those locations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeatability of the mfVEP was slightly better than SAP visual fields in this group of controls with a 1-year retest interval. This suggests that progression in early stages should be more easily detectable by mfVEP. However, in certain field locations (eg, superior periphery), the relatively more narrow dynamic range of the SNR of the mfVEP may limit detection of progression to just 1 event. Confirmation of a 3-point cluster abnormality is highly suggestive of a true defect on the mfVEP.
authors.affiliation: Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health System, Portland, OR 97232, USA. bfortune@discoveriesinsight.org
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fortune
authors.forename: Shaban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D018450:Disease Progression; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D014794:Visual Fields