Cardiorespiratory fitness, macronutrient intake, and the metabolic syndrome: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.
OBJECTIVE
This study examines the cross-sectional associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and the metabolic syndrome with adjustment for macronutrient intake from 3-day dietary records.


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Women and men who had a comprehensive medical examination, including a symptom-limited maximal treadmill exercise test, and completed 3-day dietary records at the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, TX.


METHODS
Metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.


METHODS
Analysis of variance was used to examine differences in continuous data. General linear analysis was used to examine linear trends. Mantel-Haenszel chi(2) analyses were used to examine differences in categorical data. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.


RESULTS
After adjusting for sex and age, cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (P<0.001). Adjustment for macronutrient intake and other potential confounding variables did not alter the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and prevalent metabolic syndrome.


CONCLUSIONS
Cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Patients should be encouraged to increase their physical activity to decrease their risk for metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease.
Finley
Carrie E
CE
Center for Data Management, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA. cfinley@cooperinst.org
LaMonte
Michael J
MJ
Waslien
Carol I
CI
Barlow
Carolyn E
CE
Blair
Steven N
SN
Nichaman
Milton Z
MZ
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins