title: Development and validation of a direct homologous quantitative sandwich ELISA for fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) vitellogenin.
abstract: Vitellogenin (Vtg) is an established and sensitive endpoint for analysis of exposure to (anti-)oestrogens and their mimics in fish [Sumpter, J.P., 1995. Feminized responses in fish to environmental estrogens. Toxicol. Lett. 82, 737-742; Arukwe, A., Goksøyr, A., 2003. Eggshell and egg yolk proteins in fish: hepatic proteins for the next generation: oogenetic, population, and evolutionary implications of endocrine disruption. Comp. Hepatol. 2, 4. ]. In some instances, links have been drawn between high level induction of Vtg and adverse health effects in fish [Herman, R.L., Kincaide, H.L., 1988. Pathological effects of orally administered estradiol to rainbow trout. Aquaculture 72, 165-172; Schwaiger, J., Spieser, O.H., Bauer, C., Ferling, H., Mallow, U., Kalbfus, W., Negele, R.D., 2000. Chronic toxicity of nonylphenol and ethinyloestraiol: haematological and histopathological effects in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquat. Toxicol. 51, 69-78]. The widespread use of Vtg as a biomarker has led to the development of a variety of assays to quantitatively measure Vtg concentrations in tissue samples from fish, and hence a need for a standardization of the performance criteria and validation of such assays [Goksøyr, A., Eidem, J.K., Kristiansen, S.I., Nilsen, B.M., 2003. On the need for a standardized set-up for validation studies of fish vitellogenin assays as an endpoint in endocrine disruptor testing and screening-a proposal. ]. One of the most popular test fish species for assessing chemical effects is the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), which is now used widely for studies into endocrine disruption [Panter, G.H., Hutchinson, T.H., Lange, R., Lye, C.M., Sumpter, J.P., Zerulla, M., Tyler, C.R., 2002. Utility of a juvenile fathead minnow screening assay for detecting (anti)estrogenic substances. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21, 319-326; Hutchinson, T.H., Yokota, H., Hagino, S., Ozato, K., 2003. Development of fish tests for endocrine disruptors. Pure Appl. Chem. 75, 2343-2353]. This paper describes the development and validation of a new, homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of Vtg in this fish species.
authors.affiliation: Biosense Laboratories AS, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Janne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Eidem
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kleivdal
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Denslow
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Aerle
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Panter
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goksøyr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004967:Estrogens; D014819:Vitellogenins