title: Ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize ophthalmological findings in a sample of Swedish children aged 4-15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cross-sectional comprehensive ophthalmological investigation was performed on a sample of 143 children (67 girls, 76 boys) aged 4-15 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Visual acuity (VA) in the better eye >or=1.0 (<or=0.0 logMAR) was found in 79% of subjects. None of the children had VA in the better eye <0.5 (>0.3 logMAR). Amblyopia was found in 0.7% of subjects. A total of 68% of the children had no refractive errors. Hyperopia (>or=2.0 dioptres [D] in spherical equivalent [SE]) was found in 9% and myopia (>or=0.5 D SE) in 6% of children. Astigmatism (>or=0.75 D) was recorded in 22% and anisometropia (>or=1.0 D SE) in 3%. A total of 8% were optically corrected. Strabismus was recorded in 3.5%. Signs of visuoperceptual problems were reported in 3% of the children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This sample of Swedish children may serve as a comparison group regarding ophthalmological findings in children aged 4-15 years.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden. marita.gronlund@oft.gu.se
authors.forename: Marita Andersson
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grönlund
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aring
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hård
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hellström
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity