title: Moyamoya syndrome with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a rare case of moyamoya syndrome with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 41-year-old woman was admitted with sudden onset of left-sided hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography of the brain showed characteristic features of moyamoya vessels. Laboratory investigations revealed raised levels of anticardiolipin antibody. She made a complete and uneventful recovery with aspirin and intensive physiotherapy over a period of 2 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association of APS and moyamoya disease may present a dilemma in management. While APS is often considered to be an indication for giving anticoagulation, a trial of antiplatelet agents is preferable to anticoagulation because of the risk of bleeding from the fragile moyamoya vessels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait. shujadr@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mohammed Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shuja-Ud-Din
authors.forename: Shefeek Abubacker
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ahamed
authors.forename: Ghassan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baidas
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy