title: Sulfation is required for bone morphogenetic protein 2-dependent Id1 induction.
abstract: Different reports have suggested the dependence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity on the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains found in proteoglycans. However, the requirement of sulfated molecules in early BMP-2-signaling responses has not been established. We have used sodium chlorate to inhibit sulfation in C2C12 cells and have analyzed BMP-2 induction of Id1. We show here that sulfation inhibition strongly decreases the specific and early induction of Id1 at the transcriptional level. This effect is not reverted by the addition of extracellular components, such as GAGs or extracellular matrix (ECM). The inhibition of GAG incorporation into proteoglycans, or their removal by GAG lyases, does not mimic the negative effect on Id1 expression, while sulfation inhibition also represses the Id1-induction exerted by a constitutively active form of the BMP receptor, suggesting that BMP-2-mediated Id1 induction has an intracellular requirement for sulfated molecules.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Campus de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osses
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lopez-Rovira
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brandan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002704:Chlorates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013430:Sulfate Adenylyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002704:Chlorates; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; C497455:Idb1 protein, mouse; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D013431:Sulfates; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C022322:PAPS synthetase; D013430:Sulfate Adenylyltransferase; C032706:sodium chlorate