title: Nonconvulsive seizures in electroconvulsive therapy: further evidence of differential neurophysiological aspects of bitemporal versus bifrontal electrode placement.
abstract: In recent years, attention has been focused on the role of electrode placement in determining efficacy and cognitive side effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). In particular, interest in bifrontal electrode placement has increased. Some evidence indicates differential therapeutic, cognitive, and neurophysiological aspects of bifrontal versus bitemporal ECT. Occasionally in ECT practice, electroencephalographic seizure activity is manifested in the absence of motor convulsive activity, a phenomenon termed nonconvulsive seizures. This probably indicates isolated prefrontal seizure activity in the absence of motor strip involvement. We reviewed our records and found that bifrontally treated patients had a significantly higher incidence of nonconvulsive seizures in ECT than did bitemporally treated patients. Seizure threshold was also higher among the bifrontal patients. We hypothesize that this provides further evidence of differential neurophysiology of seizures induced with these 2 electrode placements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Teman
authors.forename: Candace Lynn
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Keith G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures; D016896:Treatment Outcome