title: The biochemical alterations following administration of Kalpaamruthaa and Semecarpus anacardium in mammary carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women of developed and developing countries. Lipids, lipoproteins and lipid-metabolizing enzymes have been associated with the risk of breast cancer. Kalpaamruthaa (KA) is a modified Siddha preparation, which contains Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (SA), Emblica officinalis (EO) and honey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was embarked to study the variations in lipids, lipid-metabolizing enzymes and lipoproteins in cancerous animals and the effect of KA on the lipid metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast cancer was induced in rats by administrating 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene orally (25 mg/kg body weight). After 90 days of induction, KA (300 mg/kg body weight) and SA (200 mg/kg body weight) were administered for 14 days, by gastric intubations. The levels of lipids and lipid-metabolizing enzymes were analysed in control and experimental animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased levels of total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids and decreased levels of ester cholesterol in plasma, liver and kidney found in cancer suffering animals were reverted back to near normal levels on treatment with KA and SA. In mammary carcinoma bearing animals, the activities of total lipase, cholesterol ester synthase, and cholesterol ester hydrolase were significantly (p < 0.05) increased whereas lipoprotein lipase and lecithin cholesterol-acyl transferase were decreased. The levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were increased and the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was decreased. These alterations were recouped back upon treatment with KA as well as SA when compared to cancer animals. The effects of KA were found to be more effective than SA. No significant alterations were observed in herbal preparation control animals when compared to control animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India.
authors.forename: Krishnamurthy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Veena
authors.forename: Palanivelu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shanthi
authors.forename: Panchanatham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sachdanandam
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D007862:Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D031023:Semecarpus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C510231:Kalpaamruthaa; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D007862:Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases