title: Immunity induced with a Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis live vaccine is regulated by Th1-cell-dependent cellular and humoral effector mechanisms in susceptible BALB/c mice.
abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the immune response induced by a live attenuated Salmonella Enteritidis (SE; ade(-)/his(-)) vaccine using an intraperitoneal immunization/challenge model in susceptible wild-type and cytokine-deficient BALB/c mice. In wild-type mice, inoculation of the SE live vaccine induced a protective immune response characterized by both cellular (production of interleukin(IL)-12 and interferon(IFN)-gamma, granuloma formation in liver and spleen, DTH response) and humoral effector mechanisms (high antigen-specific IgG2a titers). IL-12- and IL-4-deficient mice were immunized to study the individual roles of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively. Protective immunity in wild-type mice required inoculation of >5 x 10(3)CFU of the attenuated live SE vaccine strain used. While IL-4-deficient mice developed a protective immune response similar to that found in wild-type mice, it was not possible to induce protective immunity in the highly susceptible IL-12-deficient mice due to severe disease symptoms and death following inoculation of the SE vaccine strain (doses >or=5 x 10(2)CFU were lethal for IL-12-deficient mice). Interestingly, persistence of the vaccine strain was observed in IL-4-deficient mice, indicating a role of IL-4 for clearance which, however, did not interfere with protective immunity. Together, the data indicate that the SE live vaccine activates a cellular and a humoral immune response, which are both regulated by Th1 cells via the secretion of IFN-gamma, whereas Th2 cells did not contribute essentially to the SE live-vaccine-induced immunity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. joerg.lehmann@izi.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Christoph E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: Steffi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellmann
authors.forename: Reinhard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Straubinger
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Selbitz
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000209:etiology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000209:etiology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000502:physiology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022562:Salmonella Vaccines; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma