title: [Evaluation of complications of femoral neck fractures in children operated on at least 24 hours after initial trauma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated complications and the factors affecting the development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children who underwent surgery for femoral neck fractures after at least a 24-hour delay.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the results of 22 children (11 boys, 11 girls; mean age 10 years; range 4 to 14 years) who were operated on after the first 24 hours for femoral neck fractures. According to the Delbet classification, two patients had type I, eleven patients had type II, and nine patients had type III fractures. Associated injuries were detected in seven patients. The mean duration from trauma to surgery was seven days (range 1 to 15 days). Internal fixation was performed following closed (n=20) or open (n=2) reduction. The results were assessed using the Ratliff criteria at the end of a mean follow-up of 73 months (range 18 to 184 months). The patients were evaluated with respect to age, type of fracture, displacement, complications, and avascular necrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were good in 12 (54.6%), fair in eight (36.4%), and poor in two patients (9.1%). Complications developed in 17 patients (77.3%), 12 of whom had more than one. The most frequent complication was premature physeal closure (n=14; 63.6%) followed by avascular necrosis (n=12; 54.6%). No significant differences were found (i) with regard to age and the type of fracture between patients with and without avascular necrosis, and (ii) with regard to avascular necrosis between patients who were treated within the first and second week of trauma (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of surgery performed after the first 24 hours are mainly influenced by the occurrence of avascular necrosis and, secondarily, by the type of fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği), Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey. bombacih@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bombaci
authors.forename: Tuncay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Centel
authors.forename: Ata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babay
authors.forename: I Metin
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Türkmen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005265:Femoral Neck Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005271:Femur Head Necrosis / Q000209:etiology; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome