title: Cationized gelatin delivery of a plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA for VEGF inhibits murine squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plays a major role in RNA interference (RNAi), a process in which segments of dsRNA are initially cleaved by the Dicer into shorter segments (21-23 nt) called small interfering RNA (siRNA). These siRNA then specifically target homologous mRNA molecules causing them to be degraded by cellular ribonucleases. RNAi down regulates endogenous gene expression in mammalian cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key molecule in vasculogenesis as well as in angiogenesis. Tumor growth is an angiogenesis-dependent process, and therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting angiogenesis are theoretically attractive. To investigate the feasibility of using siRNA for VEGF in the specific knockdown of VEGF mRNA, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis, we have performed experiments with a DNA vector based on a siRNA system that targets VEGF (siVEGF). It almost completely inhibited the expression of three different isoforms (VEGF120, VEGF164 and VEGF188) of VEGF mRNA and the secretion of VEGF protein in mouse squamous cell carcinoma NRS-1 cells. The siVEGF released from cationized gelatin microspheres suppressed tumor growth in vivo. A marked reduction in vascularity accompanied the inhibition of a siVEGF-transfected tumor. Fluorescent microscopic study showed that the complex of siVEGF with cationized gelatin microspheres was still present around the tumor 10 days after injection, while free siVEGF had vanished by that time. siVEGF gene therapy increased the fraction of vessels covered by pericytes and induced expression of angiopoietin-1 by pericytes. These data suggest that cationized-gelatin microspheres containing siVEGF can be used to normalize tumor vasculature and inhibit tumor growth in a NRS-1 squamous cell carcinoma xenograft model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan. gmatsu@kdcnet.ac.jp
authors.forename: Goichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kushibiki
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Ushaku
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omi
authors.forename: Eiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabata
mesh_terms: D042683:Angiopoietin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D002412:Cations; D004247:DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005780:Gelatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008863:Microspheres; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000637:transplantation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D002412:Cations; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005780:Gelatin; D004247:DNA