title: Phase II placebo-controlled randomized discontinuation trial of sorafenib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This phase II randomized discontinuation trial evaluated the effects of sorafenib (BAY 43-9006), an oral multikinase inhibitor targeting the tumor and vasculature, on tumor growth in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients initially received oral sorafenib 400 mg twice daily during the initial run-in period. After 12 weeks, patients with changes in bidimensional tumor measurements that were less than 25% from baseline were randomly assigned to sorafenib or placebo for an additional 12 weeks; patients with > or = 25% tumor shrinkage continued open-label sorafenib; patients with > or = 25% tumor growth discontinued treatment. The primary end point was the percentage of randomly assigned patients remaining progression free at 24 weeks after the initiation of sorafenib.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 202 patients treated during the run-in period, 73 patients had tumor shrinkage of > or = 25%. Sixty-five patients with stable disease at 12 weeks were randomly assigned to sorafenib (n = 32) or placebo (n = 33). At 24 weeks, 50% of the sorafenib-treated patients were progression free versus 18% of the placebo-treated patients (P = .0077). Median progression-free survival (PFS) from randomization was significantly longer with sorafenib (24 weeks) than placebo (6 weeks; P = .0087). Median overall PFS was 29 weeks for the entire renal cell carcinoma population (n = 202). Sorafenib was readministered in 28 patients whose disease progressed on placebo; these patients continued on sorafenib until further progression, for a median of 24 weeks. Common adverse events were skin rash/desquamation, hand-foot skin reaction, and fatigue; 9% of patients discontinued therapy, and no patients died from toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sorafenib has significant disease-stabilizing activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and is tolerable with chronic daily therapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. mratain@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ratain
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: Walter M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Stan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Rosner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Apurva A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patnaik
authors.forename: Henry Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rowinsky
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
authors.forename: Chenghua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simantov
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077157:Sorafenib; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib