title: Attenuation of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1-driven nuclear factor-kappaB gene expression by soy isoflavones does not require estrogenic activity.
abstract: We have analyzed in molecular detail how soy isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and biochanin A) suppress nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-driven interleukin-6 (IL6) expression. In addition to its physiologic immune function as an acute stress cytokine, sustained elevated expression levels of IL6 promote chronic inflammatory disorders, aging frailty, and tumorigenesis. Our results in estrogen-unresponsive fibroblasts, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK) knockout cells, and estrogen receptor (ER)-deficient breast tumor cells show that phytoestrogenic isoflavones can selectively block nuclear NF-kappaB transactivation of specific target genes (in particular IL6), independently of their estrogenic activity. This occurs via attenuation of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) and ERK activity, which further down-regulates MSK-dependent NF-kappaB p65 and histone H3 phosphorylation. As constitutive NF-kappaB and MSK activity are hallmarks of aggressive metastatic ER-deficient breast cancer, the MSK signaling pathway may become an attractive target for chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction, Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium. w.vandenberghe@ugent.be
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vanden Berghe
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dijsselbloem
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: 'Matladi N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Ndlovu
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boone
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haegeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007529:Isoflavones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004958:Estradiol; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; C116919:mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; C004541:biochanin A