title: Regulation of the mouse protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) promoter by the FoxA2 forkhead protein and by 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate in H4IIE hepatoma cells.
abstract: The scaffolding protein, protein targeting to glycogen (PTG), orchestrates the signaling of several metabolic enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis. However, little is known concerning the regulation of PTG itself. In this study, we have cloned and characterized the mouse promoter of PTG. We identified multiple FoxA2 binding sites within this region. FoxA2 is a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors that has recently been implicated in the cAMP-dependent regulation of several genes involved in liver metabolism. Using luciferase reporter constructs, we demonstrate that FoxA2 transactivates the PTG promoter in H4IIE hepatoma cells. Nuclear extracts prepared from mouse liver and H4IIE cells were able to bind a FoxA2-specific probe derived within the PTG promoter region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments further demonstrate that FoxA2 binds to the PTG promoter in vivo. Finally, we show that treatment with cAMP analogs activates the PTG promoter and significantly increases PTG levels in H4IIE cells. Our results provide a framework to investigate how additional transcription factors may regulate PTG expression in other cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Crosson
authors.forename: Zhao Q
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Saltiel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006003:Glycogen / Q000235:genetics*; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: C496503:Foxa2 protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C104748:Ppp1r3c protein, mouse; D051542:Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-beta; D006003:Glycogen