title: The expression of IGF-I and myostatin mRNAs in skeletal muscle of hypophysectomized and underfed rats during postnatal growth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the roles of myostatin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) during postnatal growth, we examined IGF-I and myostatin mRNA expression in the skeletal muscles of hypophysectomized and underfed rats during postnatal growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-week-old rats were divided into four groups: freely fed control, moderately underfed, severely underfed and hypophysectomized. Four weeks later, blood and muscle samples were gathered to determine serum IGF-I, myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, IGF-I Ea, IGF-I Eb and myostatin mRNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weights of soleus, plantaris and masseter muscles were decreased in underfed and hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomy resulted in significant increases of type I MHC at the expense of type IIx in plantaris muscle and of neonatal MHC at the expense of types IIx and IIb in masseter muscle. Serum IGF-I was decreased by underfeeding and hypophysectomy. Plantaris muscle IGF-I Ea mRNA in underfed and hypophysectomized rats was significantly lower than in normal controls. Plantaris muscle IGF-I Eb mRNA in underfed rats was significantly lower than in normal controls. Masseter muscle IGF-I Eb mRNA in severely underfed rats was significantly lower than in normal control and hypophysectomized rats. Soleus muscle myostatin mRNA in hypophysectomized rats was significantly higher than in normal and significantly underfed rats. No significant differences in plantaris and masseter muscle myostatin mRNA were observed between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suppressed muscle growth caused by hypophysectomy and underfeeding may be attributed mainly to reduced circulating IGF-I and partially to reduced IGF-I mRNA, rather than to a change in myostatin.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. yama@hoku-iryo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001835:Body Weight; D007016:Hypophysectomy; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055435:Myostatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C525913:Mstn protein, rat; D055435:Myostatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I