title: Role of interleukin (IL-10) in probiotic-mediated immune modulation: an assessment in wild-type and IL-10 knock-out mice.
abstract: While the impact of Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 and other probiotics on cytokines has been shown in established colitis, the effects of B. infantis consumption in pre-inflammation of interleukin (IL)-10 knock-out (KO) mice and on the wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice have not been well demonstrated. The objective of this study was to examine cytokine responses in mucosal and systemic lymphoid compartments of IL-10 KO mice early in disease and to compare with control WT mice. Mice were fed B. infantis or placebo for 5 weeks and culled prior to the onset of chronic intestinal inflammation (12-14 weeks). The spleen, Peyer's patches and intestinal mucosa were removed and stimulated with various bacterial stimuli. Cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. While basal intestinal and systemic cytokine profiles of WT and IL-10 KO mice were similar, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was reduced in the spleen of IL-10 KO mice. Following probiotic consumption, interferon (IFN)-gamma was reduced in the Peyer's patch of both WT and IL-10 KO mice. Alterations in IFN-gamma in the Peyer's patches of WT mice (enhancement) versus IL-10 KO (reduction) were observed following in vitro stimulation with salmonella. Differential IL-12p40, CCL2 and CCL5 responses were also observed in IL-10 KO mice and WT mice. The cytokine profile of IL-10 KO mice in early disease was similar to that of WT mice. The most pronounced changes occurred in the Peyer's patch of IL-10 KO mice, suggesting a probiotic mechanism of action independent of IL-10. This study provides a rationale for the use of B. infantis 35624 for the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sheil
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacSharry
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shanahan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D003092:Colitis / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology; D019936:Probiotics; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma