title: A modified alpha-galactosyl ceramide for staining and stimulating natural killer T cells.
abstract: CD1d presentation of alpha-galactosyl ceramides to natural killer T cells has been a focal point of the study of regulatory T cells. KRN7000, an alpha-galactosyl ceramide originally generated from structure activity studies of antitumor properties of marine sponge glycolipids, is currently the most commonly used agonist ligand and is used to stain NKT cells. However, this glycolipid suffers from poor solubility and availability. We have developed an alpha-galactosyl ceramide with improved solubility over KRN7000 that effectively stains NKT cells, both mouse and human, and stimulates cytokine release at low concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Randal D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: Dapeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattner
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cantu
authors.forename: Eugene V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Ravkov
authors.forename: Chris C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Ibegbu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Teyton
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bendelac
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Savage
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000276:immunology; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006825:Hybridomas / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; C526877:CD1D protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D005699:Galactosylceramides; C512575:PBS 57; C103873:KRN 7000