title: The anti-microbial activity of electrolysed oxidizing water against microorganisms relevant in veterinary medicine.
abstract: Standards of the German Association of Veterinary Medicine (DVG) for the evaluation of chemical disinfectants were used to assess the anti-microbial efficacy of electrolysed oxidizing water (EOW). Enterococcus faecium, Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were exposed to anode EOW (pH, 3.0+/-0.1; oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), +1100+/-50 mV; free chlorine, 400+/-20 mg/l Cl2) and combined EOW (7:3 anode:cathode, v/v; pH, 8.3+/-0.1; ORP, 930-950 mV; free chlorine, 271+/-20 mg/l Cl2). In water of standardized hardness (WSH), all bacterial strains were completely inactivated by a 30 min exposure to maximum 10.0% anode EOW (approximately 40.0 mg/l Cl2) or 50.0% combined EOW (approximately 135.5 mg/l Cl2). The sensitivity ranking order for anode EOW to the bacterial test strains was P. mirabilis>S. aureus>M. avium ssp. avium>E. faecium>P. aeruginosa. P. mirabilis and S. aureus decreased to undetectable levels after 5 min of exposure to 7.5% anode EOW (approximately 30.0 mg/l Cl2). Candida albicans was completely inactivated by a 5-min exposure to 5.0% anode EOW. Both, anode and combined EOW exhibited no anti-microbial activities in standardized nutrient broth or after addition of 20.0% bovine serum to the WSH. Further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of EOW as a disinfectant under operating conditions in animal production facilities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fenner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bürge
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wittenbrink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004572:Electrolysis; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D014867:Water