title: Utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography in identification of residual nodal disease after chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Planned neck dissection after chemoradiation (CR) is often advocated in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) with advanced nodal disease who demonstrate a clinical complete response to CR because identification of residual occult nodal disease is difficult. We sought to investigate the utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in identifying patients with occult nodal disease after CR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonrandomized retrospective cohort analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients treated with primary CR for advanced HNSCC with N2 or N3 disease from December 2003 to June 2005 were reviewed. Patients with a clinical complete response were eligible for inclusion if PET-CT performed at 8 to 10 weeks after CR showed no evidence of distant disease and they were treated with a planned neck dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients met study criteria. PET-CT was positive for residual nodal disease in 11 (64.7%) patients, with a standardized uptake value (SUV) range of 1.7 to 3.8. Pathologic examination revealed residual viable carcinoma in five (29.4%) patients, with tumor size ranging from 2.0 to 9.5 mm. Carcinoma was present in 2 of 11 (18.2%) patients with positive PET-CT scans and 3 of 6 (50%) patients with negative PET-CT scans. The sensitivity and specificity of PET-CT in predicting occult nodal disease was 40% and 25%, respectively. There was no correlation between PET-CT findings and histologic findings (P = .26) or between SUV and size of viable tumor (P = .67).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant proportion of HNSCC patients with advanced neck disease harbor residual occult metastases after CR. PET-CT is not sufficiently specific or sensitive to reliably predict the need for posttreatment neck dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912-4060, USA. cgourin@mcg.edu
authors.forename: Christine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gourin
authors.forename: Haydn T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Wesley N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Seabolt
authors.forename: Anne V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Herdman
authors.forename: Jed W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Howington
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Terris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011336:Probability; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome