title: A novel methionine aminopeptidase-2 inhibitor, PPI-2458, inhibits non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fumagillin and related compounds have potent antiproliferative activity through inhibition of methionine aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2). It has recently been reported that MetAP-2 is highly expressed in germinal center B cells and germinal center-derived non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), suggesting an important role for MetAP-2 in proliferating B cells. Therefore, we determined the importance of MetAP-2 in normal and transformed germinal center B cells by evaluating the effects of MetAP-2 inhibition on the form and function of germinal centers and germinal center-derived NHL cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine the activity of PPI-2458 on germinal center morphology, spleen sections from cynomolgus monkeys treated with oral PPI-2458 were analyzed. Antiproliferative activity of PPI-2458 was assessed on germinal center-derived NHL lines in culture. A MetAP-2 pharmacodynamic assay was used to determine cellular MetAP-2 inhibition following PPI-2458 treatment. Finally, inhibition of MetAP-2 and proliferation by PPI-2458 was examined in the human SR NHL line in culture and in implanted xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral PPI-2458 caused a reduction in germinal center size and number in lymphoid tissues from treated animals. PPI-2458 potently inhibited growth (GI(50) = 0.2-1.9 nmol/L) of several NHL lines in a manner that correlated with MetAP-2 inhibition. Moreover, orally administered PPI-2458 significantly inhibited SR tumor growth, which correlated with inhibition of tumor MetAP-2 (>85% at 100 mg/kg) in mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show the potent antiproliferative activity of PPI-2458 on NHL lines in vitro and oral antitumor activity in vivo and suggest the therapeutic potential of PPI-2458 as a novel agent for treatment of NHL should be evaluated in the clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Repligen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Russell M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Nazbeh R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Taghizadeh
authors.forename: Jennifer G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hoyt
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Labenski
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Westlin
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000626:Aminopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004852:Epoxy Compounds; C488724:PPI 2458; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D000626:Aminopeptidases; C106541:methionine aminopeptidase 2; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D014633:Valine