title: The effects of religious affiliation on sexual initiation and condom use in Zambia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether religious affiliation reduces HIV risk among young women in Zambia, and to examine the effects of religious affiliation on sexual initiation and on condom use during first sexual experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a representative probability sample of 5534 women aged 13-20 years was analyzed. The instrument included questions on sexual initiation, condom use during first sex, religious affiliation, and sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Statistical tests were performed at the bivariate and multivariate levels. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression were used at the multivariate levels. Standard errors were adjusted for the "clustering" effect found in data from multistage cluster samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Affiliation with religious groups that excommunicate members for engaging in premarital sex, and that oppose condom use has both positive and negative effects on behaviors that carry the risk of HIV infection; young women affiliated with conservative groups are more likely to delay sexual initiation but less likely to use condoms during first sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Denominations that are not only strongly opposed to premarital sex and condom use, but are able to exercise control over adolescents through socialization or the threat of social exclusion, are likely to create conflicting behaviors among adolescents that cancel each other in terms of HIV risk. Overall, these findings suggest that affiliation with conservative religious groups is unlikely to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Additional studies are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA. sagha@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agha
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Thankian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusanthan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017280:Condoms; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D012067:Religion; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012919:Social Behavior; D015024:Zambia