title: Ultrasound measurement of detrusor wall thickness in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measurements of detrusor wall thickness (DWT) are used to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). No values of DWT exist in healthy adults so far. These values, however, are necessary to judge DWT in patients with suspected BOO correctly. The aim of this study was to determine DWT in healthy adults and to investigate if bladder filling, gender, age, or body-mass index (BMI) influences DWT.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 55 healthy adult volunteers between 15 and 40 years of age, DWT was measured at the anterior bladder wall with a 7.5 MHz ultrasound probe and with a full bladder. In nine of those volunteers, an urodynamic investigation was performed additionally during which DWT was measured in steps of 50 ml until 300 ml and in steps of 100 ml until the maximum bladder volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DWT decreases rapidly during the first 250 ml of bladder filling but, thereafter, remains almost stable until maximal bladder capacity. No statistical difference was found between DWT at 250 ml and DWT at a higher bladder filling. Men had a greater DWT compared to women (1.4 vs. 1.2 mm, P < 0.001). The age and BMI did not have a significant impact on DWT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DWT remains stable at a bladder filling of 250 ml. At this state of bladder filling, DWT between different groups are comparable. Men have to be evaluated separately from women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.oelke@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oelke
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höfner
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ubbink
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de la Rosette
authors.forename: Hessel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wijkstra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging