title: Children's health services in a "system of care": patterns of mental health, primary and specialty use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate demonstrable impacts of the Mental Health Services Program for Youth (MHSPY), a highly coordinated, intentionally integrated "system of care," on patterns of health service utilization for youth with multiple needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MHSPY intervention is available to a target population of urban youth who face barriers to health care and are at risk for out-of-home placement. These youth are enrolled in a non-profit managed care organization (MCO). Patterns of medical, pharmacy, and mental health and substance abuse service use were compared for children aged 3 to 19 across insurance categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite risks for access and engagement barriers to care, and for greater medical expense due to greater morbidity, MHSPY enrollees received significantly more ambulatory care per person-year than either the privately insured population or the Medicaid Standard population, and medical expense for MHSPY members was significantly lower than expected. During the four years studied, individuals in the privately insured and Medicaid Standard populations were less likely than MHSPY enrollees to have had an ambulatory pediatric visit (odds ratio [OR] 0.833, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.765, 0.908 and OR 0.823, 95% CI 0.775, 0.897, respectively). Medical expenses per member per month for MHSPY enrollees were significantly less than that for the similarly impaired Medicaid Disabled population with any medical claim (p < 0.001) or with any outpatient mental health claim (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patterns of health care for subpopulations with known risk are important to identify to evaluate system-of-care effectiveness. The service utilization patterns for youth enrolled in the MHSYP system of care vs. those for similar MCO youth suggest health care access for individuals can be affected by delivery system design variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA. katherine_grimes@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Kapunan
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mullin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D008484:Medicaid; D008511:Medicine; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013038:Specialization