title: Cigarette smoking induced oxidative stress may impair endothelial function and coronary blood flow in angiographically normal coronary arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking contributes to the progression of atherosclerotic heart disease by causing endothelial dysfunction. In the present study the effect of smoking on endothelial functions and coronary flow was investigated, as well as the relationship of these factors with oxidative stress parameters, in subjects with normal coronary arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group comprised 87 patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (36 smokers, 51 nonsmokers). Coronary flow patterns were determined by the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count method. Endothelial function was evaluated by high-frequency ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and reduction of oxidative material in the body and the endproduct of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured as oxidative stress markers. Mean TIMI frame count was significantly higher in smokers than nonsmokers (42.2 +/- 16 vs 29.5 +/- 9.5, p = 0.0001). Endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation was 6.81+/-1.95% in nonsmokers and 5.7 +/- 2.2% in smokers (p = 0.0001). The smokers had dramatically higher levels of SOD and MDA and lower levels of GSH than the nonsmoker group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking induced oxidative stress deteriorates coronary blood flow by disturbing endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey. drhaliltanriverdi@yahoo.com.tr
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Evrengul
authors.forename: Omur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kuru
authors.forename: Seyhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seleci
authors.forename: Yasar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Enli
authors.forename: H Asuman
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kaftan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione