title: Two waves of neutrophil emigration in response to corneal epithelial abrasion: distinct adhesion molecule requirements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Corneal abrasion results in an inflammatory response characterized by leukocyte emigration into the corneal stroma. Adhesion molecules play a critical role in leukocyte emigration to wound sites, but differences are evident in different vascular beds. In this study, the contributions of two families of adhesion molecules to neutrophil emigration into the cornea were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Re-epithelialization, patterns of neutrophil influx and CXC chemokine production were assessed in C57Bl/6 mice after removal of a 2-mm diameter area of central corneal epithelium. Comparisons were made between wild-type (WT) mice and mice with targeted deletions of genes for CD18 (CD18(-/-)) or P- and E-selectin (P/E-sel(-/-)) or in mice with antibody-induced neutropenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wild-type mice exhibited neutrophil emigration in two waves, the first peaking at 18 hours and the second at 30 hours after wounding, 6 hours after epithelial wound closure and peak levels of corneal CXCL1. In CD18(-/-) animals, only a single wave of neutrophil influx was seen, and it was temporally and quantitatively equivalent to the second wave in WT. In P/E-sel(-/-) mice, neutrophil influx was markedly depressed throughout the 48-hour observation period. Re-epithelialization was significantly delayed in mice with adhesion molecule deletions and in neutropenic animals. Transfer of wild-type leukocytes into CD18(-/-) mice resulted in neutrophil emigration into the injured cornea within 18 hours of wounding and improved closure of the epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neutrophil emigration into corneal stroma after epithelial abrasion occurs in two waves. The first is dependent on CD18 integrins and selectins, whereas the second is CD18-independent but requires selectins. Early leukocyte emigration appears to promote re-epithelialization.
authors.affiliation: Section of Leukocyte Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Zhijie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: C Wayne
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000502:physiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000166:cytology; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000378:metabolism; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018821:CD18 Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin