title: Na+ and pH dependence of proline and beta-alanine absorption in rat small intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early characterization of intestinal absorption of imino acids in mammals has demonstrated the existence of a Na+-dependent, Cl- -independent transport system in rat small intestine, which is the only carrier for beta-alanine. Based on the substrate selectivity, it was proposed that the Proton Amino Acid Transporter 1 (PAT1) could be the same as this imino acid carrier. The present study characterizes the pH and Na+ dependence of proline and beta-alanine uptake in rat small intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intestinal uptake of radiolabelled l-proline or beta-alanine was measured in brush border membrane vesicles and everted intestinal rings, in the presence and absence of Na+ and at different pH values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The existence of an inwardly directed H+ gradient in the absence of Na+ enhanced the initial entry of proline and beta-alanine in brush border membrane vesicles, that reached a transient overshoot with maximal value around 30 s. In the absence of pH gradient, no overshoot was shown. In entire tissue, there was an increase of proline and beta-alanine uptake at acidic pH that was higher in the presence of Na+ than in its absence. This ion dependence and pH effect of the amino acids uptake also increased with the incubation period. Substrate inhibition studies confirmed that intestinal proline absorption in rat occurs mainly by system B and PAT1-like transporter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a Na+ -independent, H+ -dependent transporter of amino acids at the apical membrane of the rat enterocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iñigo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lostao
mesh_terms: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027981:Symporters; D015091:beta-Alanine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D026905:Amino Acid Transport Systems; D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; C493537:Slc36a1 protein, rat; D027981:Symporters; D015091:beta-Alanine; D011392:Proline; D008715:Methionine