title: Ursolic acid mediates the vasorelaxant activity of Lepechinia caulescens via NO release in isolated rat thoracic aorta.
abstract: We have determined that the methanolic extract of L. caulescens (MELc) produced a significant vasodilator effect in a concentration-dependent and endothelium-dependent manner. This relaxation was blocked by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), indicating that MELc vasodilator properties are endothelium mediated due to liberation of nitric oxide (NO). In this paper we aimed to corroborate its mode of action. MELc effects on noradrenaline (NA)-induced contraction in isolated rat aortic thoracic rings with endothelium (+E), in the presence of atropine (0.1 microM) and 1-H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 1 microM) were conducted. MELc relaxation curve was significantly shifted to the right in the presence of ODQ and atropine, thus confirming that its mode of action is related with activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the consequent increment in NO formation. Bio-guided study of MELc allowed the isolation of ursolic acid (UA, 50 mg) and ursolic-oleanolic acids mixture [UA/OA (7:3), 450 mg]. The relaxant effect of UA (0.038-110 microM) was evaluated in functional experiments. UA induced a significant relaxation in a concentration- and endothelium-dependent manner (IC(50)=44.15 microM) and did not produce a vasorelaxant effect on contraction evoked by KCl (80 mM). In addition, NA-induced contraction was significantly displaced to the right by UA (30 microM). In order to determine its mode of action, UA-induced relaxant effect was evaluated in the presence of atropine (0.1 microM), indomethacin (10 microM), L-NAME (100 microM) and ODQ (1 microM). Relaxation was blocked by L-NAME and ODQ. On the other hand, UA (3 microM) provoked a significant displacement to the left in the relaxation curve induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.32 nM to 0.1 microM), but it was not significant in the presence of Carbamoyl choline (carbachol, 1 nM to 10 microM). These results indicate that UA-mediated relaxation is endothelium dependent, probably due to NO release, and the consequent activation of vascular smooth muscle soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a signal transduction enzyme that forms the second messenger cGMP.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Crespo
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vergara-Galicia
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villalobos-Molina
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Javier López-Guerrero
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navarrete-Vázquez
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Estrada-Soto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011810:Quinoxalines; D014315:Triterpenes; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000097245:Ursolic Acid; C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one