title: In vitro antifungal susceptibility to six antifungal agents of 229 Candida isolates from patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: The most common antifungal drugs in current clinical use for the treatment of oral candidosis are polyenes and azoles, mainly used topically. Poor glycaemic control in association with other local factors, such as the presence of oral dental prostheses, salivary pH, salivary flow rate and tobacco habits, may lead to the development of oral candidosis. Topical antifungal agents are frequently used to prevent the development of candidal infections in patients with poor metabolic control, particularly in the elderly wearing dentures. The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal susceptibility of Candida isolates to six antifungal agents using a commercially available kit, Fungitest. The isolated were collected from patients affected by diabetes mellitus from two different geographic localities (London, UK, and Parma, Italy) and from a group of healthy non-diabetic subjects. No differences in antifungal susceptibility to the six agents tested were observed between Candida isolates from diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. However, differences were observed between the two geographically different diabetes mellitus populations. Oral yeast isolates from diabetes mellitus patients in the UK more often displayed resistance or intermediate resistance to fluconazole (P=0.02), miconazole (P<0.0001), and ketoconazole (P=0.01) than did isolates from diabetes mellitus patients in Italy. In addition, more C. albicans isolates were found in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects that were susceptible to fluconazole (P=0.0008 and P=0.01, respectively) than non-albicans isolates. The difference in the antifungal resistance of isolates from the two populations of diabetes mellitus patients may be related to differences in the therapeutic management of candidal infections between the two centres.
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine, Division of Infection and Immunity, Eastman Dental Institute, UCL, University of London, London, UK. maddalena.manfredi@unipr.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Polonelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Al-Karaawi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vescovi
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011090:Polyenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D011090:Polyenes