title: X-chromosome inactivation and ovarian age during the reproductive years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is related to indicators of ovarian age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The XCI skewing percent and indicators of ovarian age were measured in women with recent pregnancy losses and women with recent livebirths. All analyses adjust for chronologic age and pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital in eastern central New York.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred thirty-six women with informative XCI assays: 83 with index pregnancy losses and 53 with livebirths.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary indicators of ovarian age were antral follicle count, levels of FSH and inhibin B. A secondary indicator was level of estradiol (E2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The XCI skewing percent, defined either continuously or categorically (> or =90%), was unrelated to the indicators of ovarian age. The sample was large enough to rule out as unlikely a modest decline in antral follicle count or a modest increase in FSH in relation to skewed XCI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  X-chromosome anomalies are associated with skewed XCI and with premature ovarian failure. Our data raise the possibility that X-chromosome anomalies may not be an important influence on ovarian aging in menstruating women.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology of Developmental Brain Disorders Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA. jkk3@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kline
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Amalia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Chih-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warburton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010050:Ovarian Function Tests; D010053:Ovary; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000235:genetics*; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D049951:X Chromosome Inactivation / Q000235:genetics*