title: High frequency of highly active antiretroviral therapy modifications in patients with acute or early human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the frequency of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) modifications, the reasons for these modifications, and toxicities of these drugs in patients receiving their first HAART regimen after a diagnosis of acute (< 2 mo from infection) or early (2-12 mo) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients who were enrolled in the Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program at a Baltimore, Maryland, site between January 1, 1998, and April 30, 2002, and who chose to start HAART.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time from initiation of therapy to first modification-defined as change in any HAART drug without an interruption in therapy or as simultaneous discontinuation of all drugs within the regimen-and time from initiation of therapy to reinitiation of therapy were recorded, as well as reasons for modification and reinitiation. With a median follow-up of 1,549 days, 21 (41%) of 51 patients received HAART continuously, but only 10 (20%) continued to receive their original regimen without any modification. Among the 41 patients (80%) who received modified therapy, the main reasons for the first modification were toxicity (16 patients), nonadherence (8), and new data on treatment efficacy or safety (8). Of 30 patients who stopped HAART, 18 restarted HAART at a later time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high frequency of treatment modification among patients treated after acute or early HIV infection underscores the importance of determining the usefulness of antiretroviral therapy early in HIV infection, and the need for more tolerable regimens if HAART is to be started at this stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Beulah P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Sabundayo
authors.forename: Julie H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Langan
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gallant
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Margolick
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral