title: Dose-dependent therapeutic antiinfectives from ethnomedicines of bay islands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The methanol extract of Ophirrhiza nicobarica, Alstonia macrophylla and Mallotus peltatus, ethnomedicines of Little Andaman, were investigated for antiinfective, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Toxicity was determined in cells and in an animal model. Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined by plaque reduction, disc diffusion and agar dilution methods. The antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  O. nicobarica at 300 microg ml(-1) showed anti-HSV activity while M. peltatus and A. macrophylla showed antibacterial activity at 64-1,000 microg ml(-1). Both extracts showed significant dose-dependent antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity at nontoxic concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The alkaloid, flavonoid and beta-sitosterol isolated from bioactive parts had a dose-dependent therapeutic efficacy, justifying their use. Further study is required to know the mechanism of action.
authors.affiliation: ICMR Virus Unit, ID & BG Hospital, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arunachalam
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D031051:Alstonia / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000188:drug therapy; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007195:Indian Ocean Islands; D008297:Male; D036461:Mallotus Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts