title: A micromethod for the quantification of atenolol in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: therapeutic drug monitoring of two patients with severe coronary insufficiency before cardiac surgery.
abstract: A simple, rapid, selective, and sensitive analytical method was developed for the quantification of atenolol in small volumes of plasma, by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Only 200 microL of plasma was used for chromatographic analysis. Separation was performed on a C18 reverse-phase column (4 microm) using a binary mobile phase consisting of 0.05 M of phosphate buffer, pH 5.5, and methanol (80:20, vol/vol) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/minute. The retention times of atenolol and of the internal standard (sotalol) were 12.7 and 10.4 minutes, respectively. Validation of this analytical method showed a good linear correlation (8-2000 ng/mL), high sensitivity (quantification limit: 8 ng/ml and detection limit: 4 ng/mL), accuracy of 99.3%, and intraday and interday precision of 5.3% and 6.9%, respectively. Absolute recovery was 93.7%. The method was found to be robust, with acceptable stability. The analytical method was validated by the quantification of atenolol in plasma obtained from 2 patients with unstable angina, scheduled for myocardium revascularization surgery, who were chronically treated with 50 mg of atenolol administered per os once a day. The method developed was found to be adequate for use in pharmacokinetic studies and in adjusted dose pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fátima da Silva
authors.initials: Fda S
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Valéria Adriana
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Célia Etsuco
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Omosako
authors.forename: Maria José Carvalho
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: José Otávio Costa
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Auler
authors.forename: Silvia Regina Cavani Jorge
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D001262:Atenolol / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013015:Sotalol / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001262:Atenolol; D013015:Sotalol