title: Advances in magnetic resonance imaging methods for the evaluation of bipolar disorder.
abstract: This article reviews the current state of magnetic resonance imaging techniques as applied to bipolar disorder. Addressed are conventional methods of structural neuroimaging and recently developed techniques. This latter group comprises volumetric analysis, voxel-based morphometry, the assessment of T2 white matter hyperintensities, shape analysis, cortical surface-based analysis, and diffusion tensor imaging. Structural analysis methods used in magnetic resonance imaging develop exponentially, and now present opportunities to identify disease-specific neuroanatomic alterations. Greater acuity and complementarity in measuring these alterations has led to the generation of further hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Included in the summary of findings is consideration of a resulting neuroanatomic model. Integrative issues and future directions in this relatively young field, including multi-modal approaches enabling us to produce more comprehensive results, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, South Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: In Kyoon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lyoo
authors.forename: Jaeuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Minyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Perry F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology