title: Environmental impact of adjuvants in crop protection.
abstract: The overall performance of chemical and biological plant protection products is enhanced by the use of adjuvants in the formulation (formulation adjuvants) or in the spray tank (spray adjuvants). Both types of adjuvants aim to stabilize the formulation, to improve the efficiency of the active ingredients and to reduce application and environmental risks. As an important part of the formulation, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the environmental impact and toxicology of adjuvants can not always be considered as inert. However, little is known of their impact as part of plant protection products compared with the active substances. Therefore an experimental framework is needed as a tool for a consistent environmental legislation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Crop Protection Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Coupure Links 653, BE-9000 Gent, Belgium. Bert.Ryckaert@ugent.be
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ryckaert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spanoghe
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steurbaut
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Heremans
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haesaert
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Coen
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards; D016573:Agrochemicals / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D001530:Belgium; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005079:Excipients / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D016573:Agrochemicals; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005079:Excipients