Proteomic analysis of recurrent spontaneous abortion: Identification of an inadequately expressed set of proteins in human follicular fluid.
Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), defined as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies prior to the 20th week of gestation, affects up to 5% of the child-bearing population. To investigate the proteins associated with RSA, the protein expression in human follicular fluid was analyzed using 2-DE. Follicular fluid contains a variety of biologically important proteins for oocyte fertilization and follicle maturation in the mammalian reproductive process. Therefore, it can be used as a provisional source for identifying proteins involved in RSA. In this study, we identified five aberrantly expressed proteins (complement component C3c chain E, fibrinogen gamma, antithrombin, angiotensinogen, and hemopexin precursor) in follicular fluid from RSA patients with MALDI-TOF-MS and nano-LC MS/MS. Western blot analysis confirmed that the protein expression level of fibrinogen gamma and antithrombin was less in follicular fluid from RSA patients than those from normal controls. Semiquantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR analyses revealed that mRNA level of these coagulation factors was also decreased significantly in chorionic villi of RSA patients compared with normal samples. Taken all together, it is likely that coagulation factors (fibrinogen gamma and antithrombin) play an important role in maintaining the normal pregnancy.
Kim
Yong-Soo
YS
Cell and Gene Therapy Research Institute, Pochon CHA University, CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Kim
Myung-Sun
MS
Lee
Sook-Hwan
SH
Choi
Bum-Chae
BC
Lim
Jeong-Mook
JM
Cha
Kwang Yul
KY
Baek
Kwang-Hyun
KH
D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000378:metabolism; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000378:metabolism*; D015932:Complement C3c / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006466:Hemopexin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D040901:Proteomics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
D000991:Antithrombins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D015932:Complement C3c; D005340:Fibrinogen; D006466:Hemopexin