title: The effect of exposure to irrigant solutions on apical dentin biofilms in vitro.
abstract: This study assessed the effectiveness of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) (Vista Dental Products, Racine, WI), and BioPure MTAD (Dentsply Endodontics-Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK). Intracanal contents were collected from 10 patients diagnosed with chronic apical periodontitis. The samples were cultured on hemisections of root apices to generate a polymicrobial biofilm. Each biofilm was separately immersed in 6% NaOCl, 3% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2% CHX, 1% NaOCl followed by BioPure MTAD, and sterile phosphate buffered solution (PBS). SEM analysis showed 6% NaOCl and 3% NaOCl were capable of disrupting and removing the biofilm; 1% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl followed by MTAD were capable of disrupting the biofilm, but not eliminating bacteria; 2% CHX was not capable of disrupting the biofilm. Viable bacteria could not be cultured from specimens exposed to 6% NaOCl, 2 % CHX, or 1% NaOCl followed by BioPure MTAD. These results indicate that 6% NaOCl was the only irrigant capable of both rendering bacteria nonviable and physically removing the biofilm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Clegg
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vertucci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belanger
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Britto
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000382:microbiology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: C475043:MTAD (intracanal irrigant); D011136:Polysorbates; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D019343:Citric Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D004318:Doxycycline; D002710:Chlorhexidine