title: Immunization of stage IV melanoma patients with Melan-A/MART-1 and gp100 peptides plus IFN-alpha results in the activation of specific CD8(+) T cells and monocyte/dendritic cell precursors.
abstract: The use of IFN-alpha in clinical oncology has generally been based on the rationale of exploiting its antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. However, IFN-alpha also exhibits enhancing effects on T-cell and dendritic cell functions, which may suggest a novel use as a vaccine adjuvant. We have carried out a pilot phase I-II trial to determine the effects of IFN-alpha, administered as an adjuvant of Melan-A/MART-1:26-35(27L) and gp100:209-217(210M) peptides, on immune responses in stage IV melanoma patients. In five of the seven evaluable patients, a consistent enhancement of CD8(+) T cells recognizing modified and native MART-1 and gp100 peptides and MART-1(+)gp100(+) melanoma cells was observed. Moreover, vaccination induced an increase in CD8(+) T-cell binding to HLA tetramers containing the relevant peptides and an increased frequency of CD45RA(+)CCR7(-) (terminally differentiated effectors) and CD45RA(-)CCR7(-) (effector memory) cells. In all patients, treatment augmented significantly the percentage of CD14(+) monocytes and particularly of the CD14(+)CD16(+) cell fraction. An increased expression of CD40 and CD86 costimulatory molecules in monocytes was also observed. Notably, postvaccination monocytes from two of the three patients showing stable disease or long disease-free survival showed an enhanced antigen-presenting cell function and capability to secrete IP10/CXCL10 when tested in mixed leukocyte reaction assays, associated to a boost of antigen and melanoma-specific CD8(+) T cells. Although further clinical studies are needed to show the adjuvant activity of IFN-alpha, the present data represent an important starting point for considering a new clinical use of IFN-alpha and new immunologic end points, potentially predictive of clinical response.
authors.affiliation: Section of Experimental Immunotherapy, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Di Pucchio
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pilla
authors.forename: Imerio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Capone
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrantini
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Montefiore
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Urbani
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patuzzo
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pennacchioli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santinami
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cova
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sovena
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arienti
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caporaso
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Atri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonmassar
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parmiani
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Belardelli
authors.forename: Licia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rivoltini
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010865:Pilot Projects; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; C435939:HLA-A*02:01 antigen; D015789:HLA-A2 Antigen; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; C548667:MLANA protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C548637:PMEL protein, human; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen