title: The use of insulin pumps with meal bolus alarms in children with type 1 diabetes to improve glycemic control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of meal bolus alarms would result in fewer missed meal boluses per week in youth with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized trial of 48 youth using CSII, who were in suboptimal glycemic control with HbA(1c) (A1C) values > or =8.0%. Twenty-four subjects were randomized to use a Deltec Cozmo insulin pump with meal bolus alarms (experimental group), while the other 24 subjects continued use of their current insulin pumps (control group) without meal bolus alarms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 3 months of study, the number of missed meal boluses per week was significantly lower in the experimental group (from 4.9 +/- 3.7 to 2.5 +/- 2.5; P = 0.0005) but not significantly lower in the control group (from 4.3 +/- 2.7 to 4.2 +/- 3.9; P = 0.7610). Also after 3 months, the mean A1C value of the experimental group declined significantly (from 9.32 +/- 1.12 to 8.86 +/- 1.10; P = 0.0430). No significant decline in A1C was present for the control group (from 8.93 +/- 1.04 to 8.67 +/- 1.17; P = 0.1940). After 6 months of study, the significant decline in A1C from baseline in the experimental group was no longer present. Pooling of all available data from the control and experimental groups showed that at baseline and 3 and 6 months, the number of missed meal boluses per week was significantly correlated with A1C values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While meal bolus alarms may have the potential to improve suboptimal glycemic control in youth using CSII, our results demonstrated that these alarms had only a transient, modest effect in doing so.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Mail Stop A140, P.O. Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045-6511, USA. peter.chase@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: H Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFann
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yetzer
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaston
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Banion
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fiallo-Scharer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slover
authors.forename: Georgeanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klingensmith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004435:Eating; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin