title: Racial disparities in tobacco use and social influences in a rural southern middle school.
abstract: This study investigated racial differences of tobacco use and social exposure to tobacco products in a sample of middle school students. Questionnaires were administered in January 2005 to 290 students in a Mississippi Delta-area middle school. The participants were 51.0% female and 56.6% African American. Unadjusted odds ratios revealed that Caucasian students were statistically more likely than were African American students to (1) have ever tried smoking, (2) have ever been a daily smoker, (3) have smoked in the past 30 days, (4) live with someone who smokes, (5) have seen a parent or guardian smoke, and (6) have friends who smoke. In contrast, African Americans were more likely to report "no one is allowed to smoke" in their home. Caucasian females had the highest rates of smoking, as well as the highest exposure to social smoking behaviors. This study not only showed that Caucasians were indeed smoking more but also that African American adolescents do not have the same exposure to social smoking, particularly African American females. Of particular interest was why the differences eventually dissipate and smoking rates are virtually the same in adulthood. A greater understanding of the impact of exposure to tobacco use on an adolescent's own tobacco use is vital to prevention efforts, especially in regard to racial differences. Future research on youth tobacco prevention and cessation programs should focus on sociocultural and racial differences in the development of tobacco use in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson 39216, USA. jmuilenburg@prevmed.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Muilenburg
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annang
authors.forename: Sheryl M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Strasser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008922:Mississippi / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D044469:Racial Groups; D012424:Rural Population; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People