title: Molecular imaging of alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase: further evaluation of radioiodinated derivatives of O6-benzylguanine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An inverse correlation has been established between tumor levels of the DNA repair protein alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) and a positive outcome after alkylator chemotherapy. Quantitative imaging of AGT could provide important information for patient-specific cancer treatment. Several radiolabeled analogues of O6-benzylguanine (BG), a potent AGT inactivator, have been developed and shown to be capable of labeling pure AGT protein. Herein, two of these analogues--O6-3-[*I]iodobenzylguanine ([*I]IBG) and O6-3-[*I]iodobenzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine ([*I]IBdG)--were further evaluated in two murine xenograft models. (AcO)2-[131I]IBdG, a peracetylated derivative of IBdG, also was investigated as an alternative agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several biodistribution studies of radioiodinated IBG and IBdG were performed in TE-671 human rhabdomyosarcoma and DAOY human medulloblastoma murine xenograft models. Mice were treated with BG or its nucleoside analogue dBG to deplete the tumor AGT content. The effect of unlabeled IBG and that of 7,8-benzoflavone (BF), an inhibitor of the cytochrome P-450 isozyme CYP1A2, on the tumor uptake of the tracers was determined. The uptake of (AcO)2-[131I]IBdG along with that of [125I]IBdG in DAOY cells in vitro was determined in the presence and absence of a nucleoside transporter inhibitor, dipyridamole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment of mice either with BG or dBG failed to reduce tumor levels of [*I]IBG or [*I]IBdG even though such treatments completely depleted tumor AGT content. Treatment of mice with BF increased tumor uptake of [125I]IBG by 56%; however, differentiation of tumors with and without AGT still was not possible. (AcO)2-[131I]IBdG, a peracetylated derivative of IBdG, had a higher uptake in vitro in DAOY tumor cells. However, its uptake, like that of [125I]IBdG, was blocked by dipyridamole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that labeled agents that are more specific for cellular AGT and that are more metabolically stable are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Sriram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zalutsky
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Ganesan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001571:Benzoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D001571:Benzoflavones; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; C064976:O(6)-benzylguanine; D006147:Guanine; C011512:alpha-naphthoflavone; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase