title: Effect of a magnetic water treatment on homogeneous and heterogeneous precipitation of calcium carbonate.
abstract: In this paper are reported experimental results on the effect of a magnetic field on the precipitation process of calcium carbonate scale from a hard water. Carbonically pure water was circulated at a constant flow rate in a magnetic field. After this treatment, calcium carbonate precipitation was induced by degassing dissolved carbonic gas. The nucleation time was identified from the variations of the pH and the Ca(2+) concentration. The ratio between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation was determined from the measurement of the mass of precipitated calcium carbonate. It is shown that the magnetic treatment increases the total amount of precipitate. This effect depends on the solution pH, the flow rate and the duration of the treatment. In addition, the magnetic treatment modifies the ratio between homogeneous/heterogeneous nucleation. Homogeneous nucleation is promoted by an increasing the pH of water, the flow rate as well as the residence time. The magnetic treatment enhances these effects with a maximum for a 15 min treatment time. It is shown that the presence of calcium carbonate colloid particles is not necessary. It is advanced that the main magnetic effects concern the associations of ionic species which are present in the solution and which are involved in the nucleation process of calcium carbonate precipitation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Géochimie et Physicochimie de l'Eau, Institut Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, BP 95, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Alimi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.forename: Tlili
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Gabrielli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Claude
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maurin
authors.forename: Ben Amor
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008280:Magnetics; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002119:Calcium Carbonate