title: Fetal echocardiography during routine first-trimester screening: a feasibility study in an unselected population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of obtaining standard echocardiographic views of the fetal heart during routine first-trimester screening and construct reference ranges for cardiac biometry at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 584 fetuses in an unselected population. Viable pregnancies with a crown-rump length (CRL) of 41-78 mm were included. Echocardiography was performed by a single obstetrician using a 5 to 7.5 MHz vaginal transducer. The course and outcome of pregnancies were recorded and information on the babies was obtained in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A completely satisfactory visualization of the fetal heart structures was possible in 58% (43%, 56% and 62% at 11, 12 and 13 weeks, respectively). Reference ranges were constructed from the measurements of cardiac ventricles, their outflow tracts, and cardiothoracic circumference ratio in relation to CRL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standard echocardiograhic views of the fetal heart can be obtained at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation using the transvaginal approach. New reference ranges were established for fetal cardiac biometry at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks of gestation.
authors.affiliation: Central Maternity Unit, Tampere Health Centre, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vimpelli
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Acharya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001699:Biometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012016:Reference Values; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards