title: Laparoscopic antegrade continence enema using a two-port technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The antegrade continence enema is an effective method of treatment of fecal incontinence. We report our experience of a laparoscopic antegrade continence enema procedure and describe a simple approach to this procedure using a two-port technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 3-year period, 12 children with intractable constipation and fecal soiling underwent the antegrade continence enema procedure laparoscopically. All cases had full bowel preparation the day before surgery. This procedure was done through one 5-mm camera port and two 5-mm working ports in 8 cases, and using the camera port and only one additional 5-mm working port in 4 cases. The appendix was used in 5 cases and the cecum in 3 cases with the threeport technique while the appendix was used in all 4 cases with the two-port technique. The appendix or cecum was delivered extracorporeally through the 5-mm port site in the right lower quadrant. The mucocutaneous anastomosis was stented using a gastrostomy button.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2001 and 2004, 12 children (10 male, 2 female) underwent a laparoscopic antegrade continence enema procedure at a median age of 10.5 years (range, 7-14 years). This procedure was easy to perform and no case required conversion to an open procedure. The wash-outs via the MIC-KEY gastrostomy button (MIC-KEY, Kimberly-Clark) were commenced at a median of 3.5 days (range, 1-5 days). Median postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (range, 1-5 days). This procedure was effective in completely resolving fecal incontinence in 9 cases and partially resolving it in 3 cases. There were no episodes of stomal stenosis, leakage, or herniation. However, one case required a revision of antegrade continence enema due to wound breakdown and leakage of irrigation fluid around the stoma. The median follow-up period was 15.5 months (range, 5-32 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The laparoscopic technique is a simple and effective approach in creating an antegrade continence enema. The use of a gastrostomy button can potentially reduce some of the complications commonly associated with an antegrade continence enema. We describe a procedure that incorporates the advantages of both laparoscopy and a button device, which is simple and easy to perform using just two ports.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Surgical Unit, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom. briceantao@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Brice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antao
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002648:Child; D003248:Constipation / Q000601:surgery*; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome