title: Transcription factor and kinase-mediated signaling in atherosclerosis and vascular injury.
abstract: Our understanding of the molecular signaling pathways regulating the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis or remodeling in response to injury has begun to cross the boundaries from regulation of well-described canonical pathways to the interplay between these pathways. The focus of this review is to summarize our current understanding of a finite group of transcription factors and kinases involved in vascular injury and atherosclerosis, including nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1), activator protein-1 (AP-1), hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), homeobox, and T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf-Lef), as well as the kinases janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), protein kinase C (PKC), p38, Rho, ERK5, JNK, p44/p42, and phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase/AKT.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 508, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010770:Phosphotransferases