title: Improved felid embryo development by group culture is maintained with heterospecific companions.
abstract: Domestic cat embryos of excellent quality appear to improve development of conspecific embryos when cultured together, providing an avenue for improving development of embryos from valuable species or individuals. To have relevance to rare species, it would be useful to understand if this advantage could be conferred by heterospecific companions because there usually are severely limited numbers of conspecific embryos available from wildlife donors. In the first study, we incubated single test cat embryos alone (controls) or with 10 cat embryos or 10 or 20 mouse embryos under similar regimented conditions (each group shared 20 microl medium). In the second study, single test cat embryos were cultured alone, with 10 conspecific or 20 mouse embryos or 10 cattle embryos (each group shared 20 microl medium). Single test embryos in all treatment groups achieved similar (P>0.05) stages of compaction and blastocyst development. In the first study, only the test embryos incubated with 10 cat or 20 mouse companion embryos achieved blastocyst expansion. The average total cell number within test embryos incubated with 10 cat or 20 mouse companions was greater (P<0.05) than controls or those placed with 10 mouse embryos. In the second study, test embryos in all groups achieved blastocyst expansion and had more (P<0.05) total cells per embryo than the solitary controls. Inner cell mass to trophoblast cell ratio did not differ among treatments in either study. Thus, companion mouse and cattle embryos selected for excellent quality confer a benefit to singleton cat embryos, although the number of companions necessary to grant an advantage may be species dependent. If this phenomenon can be extrapolated across species, this may be an avenue for 'common animal embryos' to improve developmental potential of embryos from rare, unrelated taxa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Sciences, Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian's National Zoological Park, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA. spindler@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: Rebecca E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.forename: Elizabeth G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Crichton
authors.forename: Yuksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agca
authors.forename: Naida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loskutoff
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Critser
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wildt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002415:Cats / Q000196:embryology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000662:veterinary; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology