Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and myocardial infarction.
BACKGROUND
Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors have been implicated in both vascular and ventricular remodeling, and in atherosclerotic plaque rupture. The prognostic value of plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) levels in patients with established or suspected coronary artery disease is unknown.


METHODS
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels, along with a number of other established biomarkers, were measured in 389 male patients undergoing coronary angiography at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. The patients were then followed prospectively for the occurrence of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and myocardial infarction (MI).


RESULTS
Follow-up data at 24 months were available for 97% of the patients. For the entire cohort of patients, TIMP-1 was the only biomarker to independently predict all-cause mortality and MI. In addition, the ratio of TIMP-1 to matrix metalloproteinase-9 was independently predictive of cardiac mortality at 24 months. The 24-month survival rates for patients in the lower quartile (< 66.5 ng/mL), interquartile (66.5-100 ng/mL), and upper quartile (> 100 ng/mL) of plasma TIMP-1 values were 95.3%, 89.3%, and 72.2%, respectively (P < .001). Furthermore, when patients with chest pain were risk stratified into those with and without an acute coronary syndrome, TIMP-1 remained an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in both subgroups.


CONCLUSIONS
In a cohort of male patients undergoing coronary angiography, a single baseline determination of plasma TIMP-1 is independently predictive of the subsequent risk of death and MI.
Cavusoglu
Erdal
E
Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA.
Ruwende
Cyril
C
Chopra
Vineet
V
Yanamadala
Sunitha
S
Eng
Calvin
C
Clark
Luther T
LT
Pinsky
David J
DJ
Marmur
Jonathan D
JD
D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood*
D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9