title: Following the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells by proteomic identification of biomarkers.
abstract: Following the differentiation of cultured stem cells is often reliant on the expression of genes and proteins that provide information on the developmental status of the cell or culture system. There are few molecules, however, that show definitive expression exclusively in a specific cell type. Moreover, the reliance on a small number of molecules that are not entirely accurate biomarkers of particular tissues can lead to misinterpretation in the characterization of the direction of cell differentiation. Here we describe the use of technology that examines the mass spectrum of proteins expressed in cultured cells as a means to identify the developmental status of stem cells and their derivatives in vitro. This approach is rapid and reproducible and it examines the expression of several different biomarkers simultaneously, providing a profile of protein expression that more accurately corresponds to a particular type of cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Biomedical Science, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hayman
authors.forename: V B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Przyborski
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018236:Carcinoma, Embryonal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D054278:Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000032:analysis; D006028:Glycosphingolipids / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D015415:Biomarkers; D005732:Gangliosides; D006028:Glycosphingolipids; D010455:Peptides; D011509:Proteoglycans; D020543:Proteome; D055746:Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigens; C107064:TRA-1-60 antigen, human; D014404:Tubulin; C062875:ganglioside A2B5; C052924:stage-specific embryonic antigen-3; D014212:Tretinoin; D007633:Keratins; C014026:hexamethylene bisacetamide