title: Factors contributing to nasal allergic late phase eosinophilia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study focused on factors contributing to eosinophilia after intranasal allergen challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal secretions of 13 allergic individuals were gained over a period of 8 hours after nasal allergen challenge. Early and late phase reactions were determined by acoustic rhinometry and changes of volume and total protein in nasal secretions. Eosinophilia was demonstrated by nasal eosinophilic cationic protein. Interleukin (IL)-5; the chemokines IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and MCP-3, and eotaxin; soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1); and the leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their suggested impacts on tissue eosinophilia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By means of rhinometry, we observed in 69% an alternating type of late phase response, followed by a bilateral (15%) or unilateral (8%) type. A biphasic kinetic could be demonstrated by changes in nasal volume and total protein of nasal secretions, reflecting the early and late phase responses. A typical late phase kinetic was observed for IL-5, MCP-1, eotaxin, sVCAM-1, and LTC4. Interleukin 8 was characteristic for early phase reaction but increased in late phase as well. We could not detect any MCP-3 in our samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data point to a relevant role of the T(H)2 cytokine IL-5; of the chemokines IL-8, MCP-1, and eotaxin; of the adhesion molecule sVCAM-1; and of the leukotriene LTC4 for the allergic late phase eosinophilia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. mathias.kramer@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Matthias F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Thorsten R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klemens
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hilgert
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hempel
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pfrogner
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rasp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009299:Nasal Provocation Tests; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000276:immunology*; D023842:Rhinometry, Acoustic; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C515456:CCL11 protein, human; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D015848:Interleukin-5; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018945:Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D017997:Leukotriene C4