title: Mechanisms of atrial tachyarrhythmias following surgical atrial fibrillation ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Typical and atypical atrial flutters (AFLs) and atrial tachycardias (ATs) have been reported in patients with prior surgical atrial fibrillation ablation. The underlying mechanisms for this group of atrial tachyarrhythmias have not been well characterized and the efficacy of catheter ablation in their treatment is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients (6 females) with a surface ECG diagnosis of AFL or AT following surgical atrial fibrillation ablation underwent 26 electrophysiology studies. Patients manifesting sustained, organized, and beat-by-beat reproducible atrial electrical activity underwent complete right and left atrial catheter mapping and catheter ablation. One patient had no inducible tachyarrhythmia, while 5 patients had nonmappable arrhythmias. Nineteen of the 31 potentially mappable atrial tachyarrhythmias were completely characterized in 14 patients. The underlying mechanisms were macro-reentrant left AFL (n = 9), focal left AT (n = 3), typical right AFL (n = 6), and atypical right AFL (n = 1). Of the 19 completely characterized atrial arrhythmias, catheter ablation was performed for 18, and the procedure was successful for 13 of these. After a mean follow-up of 15 +/- 10 months, 15 of 20 patients (75%) were in sinus rhythm including 10 of 13 patients (77%) with AT/flutter ablation. Ten patients, including 6 following ablation, were maintaining sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with an ECG diagnosis of AFL or AT following surgical atrial fibrillation ablation may have multiple tachycardia mechanisms with the right or left atrium as the site of origin. Many of these rhythms may resolve with further maturation of surgical atrial fibrillation ablation (SAFA) lesions or be treatable with antiarrhythmic medication. However, persistent tachyarrhythmias can often be treated successfully with catheter mapping and ablation.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Magnano
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argenziano
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dizon
authors.forename: Deon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vigilance
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yegen
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rueter
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garan
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies