title: Echocardiographic indices in normal German shepherd dogs.
abstract: Sixty clinically normal German shepherd dogs, 31 males and 29 females, ranging in age from 1 and 5 years and with a body weight ranging from 22 to 37.2 kg, were examined by the two-dimensional mode, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography. In Doppler mode, the mitral valve flows were obtained, where the aim was to determine the velocity peaks and ratios of the E and A waves and the mitral E wave deceleration time. The velocity peaks were obtained for the tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves. On the left ventricular outflow tract flow, the time velocity integral and aortic cross-sectional area was used to calculate the cardiac output. A statistically significant correlation with the body weight was found for the systolic left atrial and diastolic aortic diameter on two-dimensional mode. On M-mode, there was a significant correlation between the body weight and the systolic left atrium and diastolic aortic dimension, systolic and diastolic left ventricular, septal and posterior wall dimensions. Doppler echocardiography showed that there was no significant correlation between the body weight and the mitral, tricuspid, pulmonary and aortic valves flows. These results demonstrate that it is important to know the normal echocardiographic values for German shepherd dogs because there are some characteristics peculiar to this particular breed. The data obtained is expected to be helpful for studies on small animal cardiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Postal Code 3037, Zip-code 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. ralmuzzi@ufla.br
authors.forename: Ruthnea Aparecida Lázaro
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Muzzi
authors.forename: Leonardo Augusto Lopes
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Muzzi
authors.forename: Roberto Baracat
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cherem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics