title: The effectiveness of a supervised physical training model tailored to the individual needs of patients with whiplash-associated disorders--a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a physical training programme which is supervised and tailored to meet the needs of patients with subacute whiplash-associated disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial with follow-up at three and nine months after randomization.
  
  
  METHODS
  An interdisciplinary rehabilitation centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients with subacute disorders following a whiplash trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to a supervised training group or a self-administered home training group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measures were the Self-Efficacy Scale, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the Pain Disability Index. Secondary outcome measures were neck pain intensity, sensory and affective dimensions of pain, pain location and duration, muscle tenderness, grip strength, cervical mobility, sick leave and analgesic consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients (85%) completed the intervention period, and the drop-outs were followed up by intention-to-treat. The results showed that supervised training was significantly more favourable than home training, with a more rapid improvement in self-efficacy (P = 0.03), fear of movement/(re)injury (P = 0.03) and pain disability (P = 0.03) at three months. Further, supervised training significantly reduced the frequency of analgesic consumption (P = 0.03). The improvements were partly maintained at nine months, even though there was no amelioration in pain and physical disorders. Despite the favourable outcome, supervised intervention did not reduce sick leave.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate a treatment approach that is feasible in the rehabilitation of patients with subacute whiplash-associated disorders in the short term, but additional research is needed to extend these findings and elucidate treatment strategies that also are cost effective.
authors.affiliation: The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Institute of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Sweden. lina.bunketorp@fhs.gu.se
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bunketorp
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindh
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stener-Victorin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*