title: Application of a methylation gene panel by quantitative PCR for lung cancers.
abstract: Detection of lung cancer at early stages could potentially increase survival rates. One promising approach is the application of suitable lung cancer-specific biomarkers to specimens obtained by non-invasive methods. Thus far, clinically useful biomarkers that have high sensitivity have proven elusive. Certain genes, which are involved in cellular pathways such as signal transduction, apoptosis, cell to cell communication, cell cycles and cytokine signaling are down-regulated in cancers and may be considered as potential tumor suppressor genes. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation is a major mechanism for silencing tumor suppressor genes in many kinds of human cancers. Using quantitative real time PCR, we tested 11 genes (3-OST-2, RASSF1A, DcR1, DcR2, P16, DAPK, APC, ECAD, HCAD, SOCS1, SOCS3) for levels of methylation within their promoter sequences in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), adjacent non-malignant lung tissues, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cancer free patients, in sputum of cancer patients and controls. Of all the 11 genes tested 3-OST-2 showed the highest levels of promoter methylation in tumors combined with lowest levels of promoter methylation in control tissues. 3-OST-2 followed by, RASSF1A showed increased levels of methylation with advanced tumor stage (P<0.05). Thus, quantitative analysis of 3-OST-2 and RASSF1A methylation appears to be a promising biomarker assay for NSCLC and should be further explored in a clinical study. Our preliminary data on the analysis of sputum DNA specimens from cancer patients further support these observations.
authors.affiliation: Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shivapurkar
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stastny
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ignacio I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Wistuba
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yingye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ziding
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hol
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prinsen
authors.forename: Frederik B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Thunnissen
authors.forename: Adi F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gazdar
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics; D003199:Computer Systems; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013183:Sputum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor