title: Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis to killing by MPO-halide system products. Implication for taurine bromamine as a new candidate for topical therapy in treating acne vulgaris.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Taurine chloramine (TauCl) and taurine bromamine (TauBr) are the main haloamines produced by activated neutrophils. TauCl exerts both anti-inflammatory and microbicidal activities. Clinical studies showed that TauCl may be useful as an antimicrobial agent in the local treatment of infections. Much less is known about TauBr. Circumstantial evidence suggests that Propionibacterium acnes (PA) has a role in the inflammation of acne. Available topical therapies include antimicrobial agents which reduce total PA numbers and anti-inflammatory agents which suppress activity of the cells present in acne inflammatory lesions. In this study the bactericidal activities of TauBr and TauCl against PA and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), as a control strain, were investigated. Moreover, the influence of these haloamines on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activated neutrophils was also tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  TauBr and TauCl were prepared by reaction of taurine with HOBr and HOCl, respectively. The reaction was monitored by UV absorption spectra. The bactericidal activities of TauBr and TauCl were determined by the pourplate method. The generation of ROS by neutrophils was determined by luminol chemiluminescence assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our experimental set-up, TauBr showed stronger antibacterial activity than TauCl. Interestingly, PA was significantly more susceptible to TauBr than SE was. Moreover, TauBr at non-cytotoxic concentrations significantly reduced ROS generation by neutrophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since PA is considered to be an etiological agent in acne and ROS are closely correlated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, the reported data suggest that TauBr may be a good candidate for the topical therapy for acne vulgaris.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland. mmmarcin@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcinkiewicz
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biedroń
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Białecka
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasprowicz
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Targosz
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D050296:Microbial Viability; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013654:Taurine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013654:Taurine; C043410:N-chlorotaurine; C052954:N-bromotaurine