title: Retrospective reports of childhood trauma in adults with ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although studies have documented higher prevalence of abuse in children with ADHD, no studies have investigated childhood reports of abuse in individuals identified with ADHD in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty ADHD women, 17 ADHD males, 17 female controls, and 40 male controls complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and other measures of psychosocial functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emotional abuse and neglect are more common among men and women with ADHD as compared to controls. Sexual abuse and physical neglect are more commonly reported by females with ADHD. Although childhood abuse is significantly correlated with depression and anxiety in adulthood, having ADHD is a better predictor of poorer psychosocial functioning in adulthood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians are alerted that patients with ADHD symptoms have a high probability of childhood abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. julia.rucklidge@canterbury.ac.nz
authors.forename: Julia J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rucklidge
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Bonnie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries