title: RGS2 is regulated by angiotensin II and functions as a negative feedback of aldosterone production in H295R human adrenocortical cells.
abstract: Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins interact with Galpha-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, accelerating the rate of GTP hydrolysis and finalizing the intracellular signaling triggered by the G protein-coupled receptor-ligand interaction. Angiotensin (Ang) II interacts with its G protein-coupled receptor in zona glomerulosa adrenal cells and triggers a cascade of intracellular signals that regulates steroidogenesis and proliferation. We studied Ang II-mediated regulation of RGS2, the role of RGS2 in steroidogenesis, and the intracellular signal events involved in H295R human adrenal cells. We report that both H295R cells and human adrenal gland express RGS2 mRNA. In H295R cells, Ang II caused a rapid and transient increase in RGS2 mRNA levels quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Ang II effects were mimicked by calcium ionophore A23187 and blocked by calcium channel blocker nifedipine. Ang II effects also were blocked by calmodulin antagonists (W-7 and calmidazolium) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase antagonist KN-93. RGS2 overexpression by retroviral infection in H295R cells caused a decrease in Ang II-stimulated aldosterone secretion but did not modify cortisol secretion. In reporter assays, RGS2 decreased Ang II-mediated aldosterone synthase up-regulation. These results suggest that Ang II up-regulates RGS2 mRNA by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase pathway in H295R cells. RGS2 overexpression specifically decreases aldosterone secretion through a decrease in Ang II-mediated aldosterone synthase-induced expression. In conclusion, RGS2 expression is induced by Ang II to terminate the intracellular signaling cascade generated by Ang II. RGS2 alterations in expression levels or functionality could be implicated in deregulations of Ang II signaling and abnormal aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Montgomery Veterans Administration Medical Center, USA. dromero@medicine.umsmed.edu
authors.forename: Damian G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Maria W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Plonczynski
authors.forename: Elise P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gomez-Sanchez
authors.forename: Licy L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yanes
authors.forename: Celso E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gomez-Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2 / Q000378:metabolism; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D020710:RGS Proteins; C087182:RGS2 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D019405:Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; D013252:Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases