title: Inhibition of connective tissue growth factor by siRNA prevents liver fibrosis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a highly profibrogenic molecule implicated in hepatic fibrogenesis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an effective tool to silence gene expression post-transcriptionally. Therefore, we conducted an investigation to determine if intraportal vein siRNA injection targeting CTGF inhibits CTGF expression on rat liver in vivo and furthermore whether it protects the liver from liver fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some rats received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by subcutaneous injections every three days for six consecutive weeks, and meantime they also obtained either siRNA (0.1 mg/kg) targeting CTGF, saline or a control siRNA by intraportal vein injection to rats' liver at the same pattern. Other rats received CCl4 by subcutaneous injection for 2 weeks, followed by CCl4 and CTGF siRNA intraportal vein injection for four more weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraportal vein injection of CTGF siRNA specifically reduced the expression of CTGF protein in rat liver, and these effects were maintained for 3 days. Six weeks after CCl4 injection, prominent upregulations were observed in the gene expressions of CTGF, type I, III collagen, laminin, tissue inhibitor metal proteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in saline or control siRNA-treated rats livers. Administrating CTGF siRNA for 4 or 6 weeks, by contrast, markedly attenuated the induction of CTGF, type I, III collagen, laminin, TIMP-1 and TGF-beta1 genes, whereas Smad2, 7 gene expression was not affected. The number of active hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) determined by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin was also significantly decreased. The CTGF siRNA treatment markedly reduced serum procollagen type III, hepatic hydroxyproline and liver fibrosis staging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Silencing CTGF expression with siRNA demonstrates therapeutic potential to prevent liver fibrosis by inhibiting HSC activation with consequent extracellular matrix accumulation and the upregulation of TGF-beta1 gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200092, China.
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Dingguo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mingjun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hanming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Youxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D015870:Gene Expression; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011169:Portal Vein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051899:Smad2 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051906:Smad7 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: C526316:CCN2 protein, rat; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497784:Smad2 protein, rat; D051906:Smad7 Protein; C497808:Smad7 protein, rat; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride