title: Intra-arterial papaverine used to treat cerebral vasospasm reduces brain oxygen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intra-arterial papaverine (IAP) is used to treat symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). IAP, however, can increase intracranial pressure (ICP). In this study we examined whether IAP alters brain oxygen (BtO2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Poor clinical grade (Hunt & Hess IV or V) SAH patients who underwent continuous ICP and BtO2 monitoring during IAP infusion for symptomatic cerebral vasospasm were evaluated as part of a prospective observational study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data are available for five patients (median age 58) who received IAP for cerebral vasospasm 4 to 7 days after SAH. In each patient, angiographic vasospasm was improved on postinfusion angiogram. Mean ICP before IAP was 23.04 +/- 1.18 mmHg; it increased immediately after IAP infusion and remained elevated (29.89 +/- 1.18 mmHg; p < 0.05) during IAP and for approximately 10 minutes after IAP ended. Baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) was 110.55 +/- 1.36 mmHg. During IAP treatment MAP remained stable (110.90 +/- 2.00 mmHg; p = 0.31). Mean BtO2 before IAP was 32.99 +/- 1.45 mmHg. There was a significant BtO2 decrease in all patients during IAP to a mean of 22.96 +/- 2.9 mmHg (p < 0.05). BtO2 returned to baseline within 10 minutes after IAP ended. There was a modest relationship between the ICP increase and BtO2 decrease (R2 = 0.526).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IAP infusion to treat cerebral vasospasm following SAH can increase ICP and reduce BtO2. The IAP-induced reduction in BtO2 may help explain why IAP, although it reverses arterial narrowing, does not improve patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Stiefel
authors.forename: Alejandro M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spiotta
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Udoetuk
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maloney-Wilensky
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Weigele
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: LeRoux
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010208:Papaverine; D010100:Oxygen