title: A comparison of the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on well-being, morbidity, and mortality (the "patient journey") in patients with heart failure: a report from the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the loss of well-being, in terms of life-years, overall and in patients randomized to metoprolol versus carvedilol in the Carvedilol Or Metoprolol European Trial (COMET).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The ultimate objectives of treating patients with heart failure are to relieve suffering and prolong life. Although the effect of treatment on mortality is usually described in trials, the effects on patient well-being throughout the trials' courses are rarely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3,029 patients randomized in the COMET study were included in the analysis. "Patient journey" was calculated by adjusting days alive and out of hospital over four years using a five-point score completed by the patient every four months, adjusted according to the need for intensification of diuretic therapy. Scores ranged from 0% (dead or hospitalized) to 100% (feeling very well).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over 48 months, 17% of all days were lost through death, 1% through hospitalization, 23% through impaired well-being, and 2% through the need for intensified therapy. Compared with metoprolol, carvedilol was associated with fewer days lost to death, with no increase in days lost due to impaired well-being or days in hospital. The "patient journey" score improved from a mean of 54.8% (SD 26.0) to 57.4% (SD 26.3%) (p < 0.0068).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite treatment with beta-blockers, heart failure remains associated with a marked reduction in well-being and survival. Loss of quality-adjusted life-years through death and poor well-being seemed of similar magnitude over four years, and both were much larger than the loss that could be attributed to hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, United Kingdom. j.g.cleland@hull.ac.uk
authors.forename: John G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lubsen
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swedberg
authors.forename: Willem J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Remme
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Lenarda
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komajda
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Metra
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Poole-Wilson
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000077261:Carvedilol; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D004232:Diuretics; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D008790:Metoprolol