title: Incidence of and risk factors for genital human papillomavirus infection in women drug users.
abstract: A total of 230 women drug users were prospectively studied. At 6-month intervals, interviews, HIV testing, and cervicovaginal lavage sampling for human papillomavirus (HPV) were performed. HPV was detected and typed using a MY09/MY11 polymerase chain reaction system. 230 women without high-risk HPV (types 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58. 59, 68, 73 and 82), with or without non-high risk HPV types at baseline, were included in analyses. Incidence rates of and factors associated with HPV infections of all types and high-risk types (types 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68, 73, and 82) were analyzed. Baseline median age was 40 years (range 24-65); 62% of women were Hispanic, 20% black, and 16% white; 54 (24%) were HIV seropositive; 172 (75%) were without detectable HPV; 58 (25%) had only low-risk or untypeable HPV. The incidence rates for any and for high-risk type HPV infection were 9.5/100 and 4.8/100 person-years, respectively. HIV-positive women had a significantly increased hazard rate for any HPV (HRadj: 3.4; 95% CI: 1.4 to 8.0) and for high-risk HPV (HRadj 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4 to 6.6), adjusted for race, sexual behaviors, condom use, and history of other sexually transmitted infections. HIV infection was independently associated with a substantial and significantly increased risk for any and for high-risk genital HPV infection and was the most important risk factor found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
authors.forename: Deepti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dev
authors.forename: Yungtai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Gloria Y F
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005838:Genotype; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology