title: Prospective psychological evaluation of pediatric heart and heart-lung recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study psychological adjustment in children and adolescents before undergoing heart or heart-lung transplantation and to reevaluate them at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously validated measures of behavior and depression were administered to children, their parents, and teachers. Parents also completed a measure of distress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before transplantation, participants and parents obtained significantly higher scores on measures of behavior and psychological distress than children with no health problems and their parents, but 1 year after transplant, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Over time, there were significant improvements in depression and behavior scores in the group who had undergone transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite improvements in psychological functioning over time, a significant minority of children and adolescents undergoing transplantation are at risk for psychological adjustment difficulties. Psychological interventions to reduce morbidity need to be implemented and evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK. j.wray@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radley-Smith
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D016041:Heart-Lung Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*