title: Identification of AMP N1-oxide in royal jelly as a component neurotrophic toward cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells.
abstract: An extract of royal jelly (RJ) induced processes from cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Active components were isolated, and identified as adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and AMP N1-oxide. AMP N1-oxide was more than 20 times as active as AMP, judging from the minimal concentration to elicit activity. AMP N1-oxide was thought to be responsible for about half of the process-forming activity of whole RJ. Chemically-synthesized AMP N1-oxide was active similarly to the molecule purified from RJ, confirming AMP N1-oxide as the active entity. AMP N1-oxide also suppressed proliferation of PC12 cells and stimulated expression of neurofilament M, a specific protein of mature neurons, demonstrating the stimulatory activity of AMP N1-oxide to induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Pharmacological experiments suggested that AMP N1-oxide actions are mediated by adenyl cyclase-coupled adenosine receptors, including A2A. Thus AMP N1-oxide is a key molecule that characterizes RJ, and is not found in natural products other than RJ.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Magoichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sako
authors.forename: Shoei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D051381:Rats; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D000099219:Royal Jelly
chemical_list: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010087:Oxides; D058906:Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D000099219:Royal Jelly; C511284:AMP N1-oxide