title: IL-6 and CCL2 levels in CSF are associated with the clinical course of MS: implications for their possible immunopathogenic roles.
abstract: Biological markers would provide valuable tools for tracking disease activity, immunopathological processes or therapeutic efficacy in MS. In this study we analysed a panel of Th(1)/Th(2) cytokines and the chemokine CCL2 in serum and CSF from MS patients and healthy controls. Increased levels of IL-6 (p<0.05) and decreased levels of CCL2 (p<0.001), with the lowest levels during acute relapses, was found in CSF from patients with relapsing-remitting MS. CSF levels of CCL2 correlated with indices for intrathecal IgG production and the CSF level of the neurofilament light protein, a marker for axonal damage, indicating a immunopathogenic role for CCL2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. clas.malmestrom@neuro.gu.se
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malmeström
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haghighi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lycke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta; D008775:Methylprednisolone