title: Retinoblastoma - MR appearance using a surface coil in comparison with histopathological results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this work was to evaluate the characteristic appearance of untreated retinoblastoma on a large sample in comparison to the histological findings after therapeutical enucleation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective clinical trial 46 children with retinoblastoma in 63 affected untreated eyes were examined under general anesthesia on MRI using a 1.5-T system. The examinations were performed with a special surface coil applying an examination protocol including fast T2- and T1-weighted spin echo sequences and additional fast T1-WI after intravenous injection of Gd-DTPA in different planes. The imaging results were compared to the histopathological findings in 29 patients with 30 affected eyes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing MRI findings and histopathological results, optic nerve infiltration was detected with a sensitivity of 53.8% and a specificity of 82.3% on MRI, infiltration of the choroid with a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 100.0%, and the degree of tumor calcification with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 88.9%. In this study the characteristic MR appearance of untreated retinoblastoma was evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI was helpful in relevant aspects of pretherapeutical retinoblastoma staging, deficits remain regarding optic nerve infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. lemke@charite.de
authors.forename: Arne-Jörn
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lemke
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mergner
authors.forename: Paul Ivan
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bechrakis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schüler
authors.forename: Marie-Isabell Senfft
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: von Pilsach
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foerster
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosten
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology