title: Longitudinal changes in bone health as assessed by the speed of sound in very low birth weight preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess longitudinal changes in speed of sound (SOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and investigate the relationship with markers of osteopathy of prematurity (OP) and clinical illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five infants were recruited. Eighteen infants, median gestation 27 weeks (range 24-32), median birth weight 957 g (range 625-1500 g), had serial scans. SOS was measured at both tibiae weekly until 35 to 37 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial median SOS standard deviation score (SDS) (Z) score was -0.07 (range-1.3-1.3). SOS correlated with gestation (r, 0.8, P<.005), and birth weight (r, 0.67, P<.005.) SOS fell from a median of 2923 m/s (2672-3107) at birth to 2802 m/s (2502-2991) at 35 to 37 weeks CGA (P<.05). This fall was greater in the 24- to 27-week gestation cohort with a median reduction of 2.2 SDS (1.6, 4.0) compared with 1.3 SDS (0.8-2.2) in those>28 weeks (P<.05). There was a negative correlation between SOS, at the end of the study, peak serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (r, 0.6, P<.05), CRIB (Clinical Risk Index for Babies)/CRIB II scores (both r, 0.6, P<.05), and duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (r, 0.58, P<.05.)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although tibial SOS was within the expected range at birth, there was a subsequent failure to gain SOS, and this was most marked in infants of a lower gestation.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Unit, Princess Royal Maternity Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McDevitt
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers; D001846:Bone Development; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase