title: Potential risk factors and incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan: results from an overview of mailed questionnaires and matched case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) have not been examined in Japan, so the aims of the present study were to assess independent risk factors for PTE, and to estimate the recent incidence of symptomatic PTE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on a mailed questionnaire, the potential risk factors for PTE were prospectively assessed using a matched case - control study, and the number of new patients with PTE in 2004 was calculated prospectively. In multivariate analyses, increase in body mass index (odds ratio (OR) = 2.85 by 10 kg/m2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.51-5.39), prolonged immobilization (OR, 8.14; 95% CI, 3.15-20.99), recent major surgery (OR, 6.78; 95% CI, 2.65-17.32), and cancer (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.25-5.95) were identified as independent risk factors for PTE in Japan. The risks for atherosclerosis (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking), and alcohol consumption did not affect the incidence of PTE. The calculated number of new patients with PTE per year was 4,108 (95% CI, 3,564-4,712) in 2004.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The independent risk factors for PTE in Japan are body mass index, prolonged immobilization, recent major surgery, and cancer. The number of new patients with PTE in 2004 did not demonstrate an upward trend compared with 2000.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires