title: Accelerated atherosclerosis, arterial thromboembolism, and preventive strategies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: With improved disease survival, arterial thromboembolism has become an important cause of morbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A number of conventional and non-conventional risk factors are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis. Regular surveillance and control of traditional risk factors is mandatory, and so is the appropriate use of the statins, anti-malarial agents, anti-platelet agents, and anti-coagulation for primary and secondary prevention of arterial thromboembolism in SLE patients. Judicious use of corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, hormonal replacement therapy, and the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors is equally important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR China. ccmok2005@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mok
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids