title: Subependymomas: an analysis of clinical and imaging features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subependymomas are slow-growing, benign tumors usually found incidentally in the fourth ventricle at autopsy. They are typically associated with the ventricular system and become apparent clinically only when symptoms of hydrocephalus or mass effect develop. We review clinical, histological, and contemporary radiographic presentations of 16 subependymomas, including 2 intraparenchymal tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated eight patients with pathologically proven subependymomas. Initial magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy were reviewed when available. Imaging was also available on eight outside subependymoma cases reviewed by our radiology department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of these subependymomas were intraventricular, one was in the posterior fossa, two were intraparenchymal, and one was an intramedullary spinal cord tumor. These lesions were hypo- to hyperintense on T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, with minimal to moderate enhancement. Initial complaints included headache, seizures, tingling sensations, and weakness. Among our eight patients who underwent gross total resection with no adjuvant therapy, no recurrences have been noted on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subependymomas are rare, representing only 0.51% of all central nervous system tumors operated on during an 8-year period at the University of Utah. Clinical symptoms were associated with tumor location: intracranial masses caused headaches, seizures, and neurological complaints, and spinal cord locations resulted in neurological deficit. The authors review the clinical presentation, management, and contemporary radiographic appearance of this rare tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ragel
authors.forename: Anne G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Kum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: Jeannette J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Randy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Couldwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002551:Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D018315:Glioma, Subependymal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies