title: Ursolic acid enhances cyclooxygenases and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in mouse skin.
abstract: An anti-inflammatory triterpenoid, ursolic acid (UA), has recently been found unexpectedly to induce the release of a pro-inflammatory mediator in resting macrophages. In this study, we found that topical applications of UA to mouse skin twice a week for 2 weeks significantly enhanced mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, whereas its effect on tumor promotion was unclear.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohigashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D000097245:Ursolic Acid
chemical_list: D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097245:Ursolic Acid