title: Use of health care services by ethnic minorities in The Netherlands: do patterns differ?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article examines the nature of ethnic differences in health care utilisation by assessing patterns of use in addition to single service utilisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice. A nationally representative sample of 104 general practices participated in this survey. Data on health and health service utilisation were collected through face-to-face interviews. Based on a random sample per practice, a total of 12 699 Dutch-speaking people were interviewed, regardless of ethnic background. An additional study among a random sample of 1339 people from the four largest minority groups in The Netherlands was conducted. These four groups comprised people from Turkey, Surinam, Morocco, and The Netherlands Antilles. Multilevel analyses were performed to investigate ethnic differences in health care utilisation, adjusting for socio-economic status, health status, and level of urbanisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in utilisation patterns were particularly marked for people with a Moroccan, Turkish, or Antillean background. Compared to the other groups, Surinamese were more likely to have had contact with any professional health care service. No evidence was found that the gate keeping role of general practitioners in The Netherlands functions less effectively among the ethnic minority groups as compared to the indigenous population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of patterns of utilisation proved to supply useful information concerning the relationship between ethnicity and use of health care services in addition to figures concerning single service use only.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uiters
authors.forename: Walter L J M
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Devillé
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foets
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Groenewegen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D009018:Morocco / Q000208:ethnology; D009426:Netherlands; D013532:Suriname / Q000208:ethnology; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology; D014600:Utilization Review