title: Intrathecal baclofen overdose and withdrawal.
abstract: Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy is being used increasingly to treat medically intractable spasticity in children with cerebral palsy and spinal cord injuries. Baclofen overdose and withdrawal are potentially life-threatening complications of pump and spinal catheter system malfunction. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy, on long-term ITB therapy, who presents to our emergency department with an overdose of ITB, which is followed by withdrawal symptoms. The patient initially presented obtunded and in respiratory arrest. His symptoms of respiratory arrest, obtundation, fixed pupils, and hypotension mimicked other diagnoses, such as head trauma. The history obtained from the family about the pump reservoir being refilled just before the onset of symptoms led to the diagnosis. During hospitalization, as the patient recovered from the overdose, he began to experience symptoms of baclofen withdrawal, including hypertension, hyperthermia, and hallucinations. The pump was found to be disconnected and was revised. The patient was discharged home without permanent sequelae. With increased use of ITB, emergency medicine physicians must be aware of the mechanics of these pumps and the management of baclofen toxicity and withdrawal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Shirley
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kothare
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Piatt
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Adirim
mesh_terms: D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D062787:Drug Overdose; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen