title: Spreds, inhibitors of the Ras/ERK signal transduction, are dysregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma and linked to the malignant phenotype of tumors.
abstract: Aberrant activation of the Ras/Raf-1/extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway has been shown to be involved in the progression of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanism of dysregulation of ERK activation is poorly understood. Recently, we identified Sprouty-related protein with Ena/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein homology-1 domain (Spred) as a physiological inhibitor of the Ras/Raf-1/ERK pathway. In this study, we found that the expression levels of Spred-1 and -2 in human HCC tissue were frequently decreased, comparing with those in adjacent non-tumorous tissue. Moreover, Spred expression levels in HCC tissue were inversely correlated with the incidence of tumor invasion and metastasis. Forced expression of Spred-1 inhibited HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, which was associated with reduced ERK activation. Spred-1 overexpression also reduced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and MMP-2, which play important roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition, Spred-1 inhibited growth factor-mediated HCC cell motility. These data indicate that the reduction of Spred expression in HCC is one of the causes of the acquisition of malignant features. Thus, Spred could be not only a novel prognostic factor but also a new therapeutic target for human HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Liver Cancer Division, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, and Center of the 21st Century COE Program for Medical Science, Kurume, Japan. tayoshi@med.kurume-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisamoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumemura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017931:DNA Primers; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017931:DNA Primers; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C504812:SPRED1 protein, human; C500760:SPRED2 protein, human; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins