title: Retinal toxicity of indocyanine green in albino rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravitreal indocyanine green (ICG) is commonly used in vitreoretinal surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible toxicity of ICG in the retina of albino rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two albino rabbits were injected intravitreally with 0.1 mL ICG solution in one eye, and three rabbits were studied for the effects of 0.1 mL distilled water. All rabbits were injected intravitreally with 0.1 mL saline into the fellow eye, which served as the control. The electroretinogram (ERG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) were recorded from each rabbit at different time intervals after injection. The rabbits were killed at the termination of the follow-up periods and their retinas prepared for histologic examination at the light microscopic level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hours after injection, the ERG responses were reduced in amplitude in all ICG-injected eyes, and the VEPs were of abnormal pattern (reduced amplitude and delayed). Partial dose-dependent recovery was observed during 4 weeks of follow-up. Light microscopy of the retinas of the experimental eyes exhibited considerable damage to all retinal layers in all eyes studied that received the highest ICG dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG is potentially toxic to all retinal layers of the albino rabbit. Although it is difficult to extrapolate these findings directly to human eyes, caution should be exercised when using ICG intravitreally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. michgold@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Michaella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: Anat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loewenstein
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Perlman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000187:drug effects; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000633:toxicity*; D007267:Injections; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green