title: Typus melancholicus: personality structure and the characteristics of major unipolar depressive episode.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The melancholic type of personality (TM) has long been considered in continental and Japanese psychopathology as a relevant vulnerability trait constellation for the development of depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The symptom presentation in an outpatient population of 116 subjects suffering from a DSM-IV major depressive episode was rated according to the standardized documentation system of the Association for Methodology and Documentation in Psychiatry (AMDP). Personality features were explored by means of the Criteria for Typus Melancholicus (CTM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences in depression-related psychopathological scores (i.e. higher level of guilt feelings, feeling of the loss of feelings, loss of vital drive and lower degrees of irritability and dysphoria) were found between TM and non-TM subjects, supporting the phenomenic specificity of TM depression at both symptom and subsyndromal level. LIMITATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Although our results were obtained in a selected sample of outpatients at an University Mental Health Center, they are indicative of psychopathological differences between TM and NTM in the core symptoms of depression. These differences highlight the importance of including TM criteria for phenotypic characterization of depressive disorder, suggesting that it may improve diagnostic and therapeutic practice and might be a reasonable psychopathologic endophenotype in investigating affective-spectrum vulnerability in at-risk populations.
authors.affiliation: University of Chieti, Viale Don Minzoni 45, 50100 Florence, Italy. giostan@libero.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stanghellini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertelli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raballo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011599:Psychopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic