title: Langerhans cells express matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in healthy human gingival tissue and in periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As antigen-presenting cells, Langerhans cells may play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of periodontal disease. This study is the first report that extends our knowledge of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous tissue inhibitors by Langerhans cells in healthy and diseased gingival tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single and double immunolabeling procedures were carried out using monoclonal antibodies against CD1a, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2, and analyzed by conventional and confocal microscopes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Langerhans cells expressed matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 2 in healthy and diseased gingival tissues. The tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-positive Langerhans cells were mainly observed in the upper epithelial layers. Matrix metalloproteinase 9-positive Langerhans cells were observed especially during periodontitis and in the basal epithelial layer or crossing the basement membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During periodontal disease, changes in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors by gingival Langerhans cells could be implicated in the migration of the cells towards the connective tissue.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dental Surgery (EA 2496), University René Descartes-Paris 5, Montrouge, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bodineau
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godeau
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brousse
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pellat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folliguet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Séguier
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9