title: Implicit learning of a motor skill after mild and moderate stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if adults in the subacute phase post moderate or mild stroke could learn a motor task under implicit practice conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomized, between-group design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects' homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample of convenience of 15 adults with moderate stroke, 22 adults with mild stroke, and 32 age-matched controls. Stroke severity was determined using the Orpington Prognostic Scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Practice of movements to target switches in two conditions, a repeated series and a random series. Practice was organized into a single session of six blocks of 80 trials such that blocks 1 and 2 were the random series, blocks 3 and 4 the repeated series, block 5 the random series, and block 6 the repeated series. Explicit knowledge of the two conditions was not provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mean response time and the coefficient of variation were calculated for each block for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regardless of group, participants had a slower response time when practice was unexpectedly switched from the repeated to random condition. The response time and coefficient of variation for those with moderate stroke were persistently greater than those with mild stroke and controls, who were not different from each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implicit motor learning is preserved in adults with moderate stroke and may be a viable strategy for teaching motor skills in rehabilitation. The clinician should be aware that subjects with moderate stroke, even when performing with the less affected upper extremity, have significantly slower and more variable movements than those with mild stroke and controls.
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA. ppohl@kumc.edu
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McDowd
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Filion
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stiers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D011930:Reaction Time; D012691:Serial Learning; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation