Therapeutic options in development for management of diabetes: pharmacologic agents and new technologies.
OBJECTIVE
To review new pharmacologic therapies and technologies relevant to the management of diabetes and its complications.


METHODS
New treatment options for diabetes, made available through research efforts during the past 2 decades, are discussed.


RESULTS
Several new drugs and drug classes for the management of diabetes are under development, including the incretin mimetic agents (exenatide, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide 1 analogues), the amylin analogue pramlintide, the cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonist rimonabant, the mixed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists muraglitazar and tesaglitazar, the inhaled insulin preparation Exubera, and the insulin analogues (insulin glulisine and insulin detemir).


CONCLUSIONS
New drugs and technologic advances being made available will help achieve the goals of treating patients with diabetes to all the appropriate metabolic targets. Many other agents that act on fundamental abnormalities such as energy imbalance, inflammation, and vascular biologic conditions are in very early stages of development but are likely to become available during the next 5 to 10 years.
Lebovitz
Harold E
HE
Department of Medicine, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA.
D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000682:Amyloid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D009570:Nitriles; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical; D014688:Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077597:Vildagliptin
D000218:Adamantane; D000682:Amyloid; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D058228:Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; D009570:Nitriles; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010455:Peptides; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D014688:Venoms; D000077597:Vildagliptin; C105254:pramlintide