title: HHV-6 and HHV-7 antigenemia related to CMV infection after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Betaherpesviruses human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6, HHV-7), which are closely related to cytomegalovirus (CMV), have been reported in transplant patients. In this retrospective study, we investigated the occurrence of HHV-6 and HHV-7 antigenemia in relation to symptomatic CMV infection after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sample material from 64 adult liver transplant recipients was included in the study. The patients were monitored weekly for CMV, HHV-6, and HHV-7. CMV infections were diagnosed by pp65-antigenemia and viral cultures. Concomitantly HHV-6 and HHV-7 antigens were demonstrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by monoclonal antibodies against both variants A and B and immunoperoxidase staining. Altogether 540 post-transplant blood specimens were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients (30%) developed symptomatic CMV pp65 antigenemia during the first 3 months (mean 33 days, range 5-62 days) post-transplantation and were treated with intravenous ganciclovir. Concurrent HHV-6 antigenemia was detected in 16/19 (median 9 days, range 6-24 days) and HHV-7 antigenemia 15/19 patients (median 17 days, range 5-58 days) after transplantation. HHV-6 appeared before CMV in most cases (12/16), HHV-7 usually together with CMV. In those cases that HHV-6 preceded CMV antigenemia, it also was a possible cause of graft dysfunction. HHV-7 and CMV were so closely overlapping, that no symptoms could solely be linked with HHV-7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HHV-6 and HHV-7 antigenemia usually occurred together with symptomatic CMV infection after liver transplantation. HHV-6 preceded CMV, but HHV-7 appeared together with CMV. Further investigation of the clinical significance of HHV-6 and HHV-7 antigenemia in organ transplant patients is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic, and Transplant Unit Research Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Maiju.Harma@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Maiju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härmä
authors.forename: Krister
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höckerstedt
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lyytikäinen
authors.forename: Irmeli
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lautenschlager
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016199:Herpesvirus 7, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019349:Roseolovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral