title: Undergraduate public health education in UK medical schools - struggling to deliver.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent policy initiatives in the United Kingdom (UK) have underlined the importance of public health education for health care professionals. We aimed to describe teaching inputs to medical undergraduate curricula, to identify perceived challenges in the delivery of public health teaching and strategies that may overcome them.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a cross-sectional survey; questionnaires were sent electronically to 28 teaching leads in academic departments of public health in UK medical schools. These were followed-up by telephone interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained a 75% response rate. We found a great deal of variability between schools in teaching methods, curricular content and resources used. In 76% of medical schools, public health and clinical teaching were integrated to some extent. The proportion of teaching delivered as lectures is decreasing and that of self-directed learning is increasing. A range of methods is used to assess students and in 33% of schools these assessments contributed to final Medical School marks. More than half the medical schools had difficulty finding teachers and staffing levels had deteriorated in 55% of schools. Many interviewees felt that their contributions were undervalued. Few were aware of the level of funding received to support teaching.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need to increase the supply of well-trained and motivated teachers and combine the best traditional teaching methods with more innovative, problem-based approaches. Faculties need to share 'learning about what works' and teaching resources across medical schools as well as addressing a culture of neglect of teaching in some departments. Suggestions are made as to how undergraduate public health teaching can be strengthened.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. sjg67@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gillam
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagade
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D005381:Financing, Organized; D018794:Problem-Based Learning; D011634:Public Health / Q000193:education*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012577:Schools, Medical / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom