title: The elephant trunk technique for staged repair of complex aneurysms of the entire thoracic aorta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extensive thoracic aortic aneurysms that involve the ascending, arch, and descending segments require challenging repairs associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this report is to evaluate contemporary outcomes after surgical repair of extensive thoracic aortic aneurysms using a two-stage approach with the elephant trunk technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 15 1/2-year period, 148 consecutive patients underwent total aortic arch replacement using the elephant trunk technique. Seventy-six of these patients (51%, 76/148) returned for second-stage repair of the descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta 4.9 +/- 7.5 months after the first stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality after the proximal aortic stage was 12% (18/148). Seven patients (5%) had strokes. Among the patients who subsequently underwent distal aortic repair, operative mortality was 4% (3/76). Two patients (3%) developed paraplegia. Long-term survival after completing the second stage of repair was 70 +/- 6% at 5 years and 59 +/- 7% at 8 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contemporary management of extensive thoracic aortic aneurysms using the two-stage elephant trunk technique yields acceptable short-term and long-term outcomes. This technique remains an important component of the surgical armamentarium.
authors.affiliation: Texas Heart Institute, St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. slemaire@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: LeMaire
authors.forename: Stacey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Coselli
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*