title: Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with chronic liver disease: role of pulse oximetry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare complication of liver diseases of different etiologies and may indicate a poor prognosis. Therefore, a simple non-invasive screening method to detect HPS would be highly desirable. In this study pulse oximetry was evaluated to identify patients with HPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 316 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 245), chronic hepatitis (n = 69) or non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (n = 2) arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was determined using a pulse oximeter. In patients with SaO2 < or = 92% in supine position and/or a decrease of > or = 4% after change from supine to upright position further diagnostic procedures were performed, including contrast-enhanced echocardiography and perfusion lung scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients (5.4%) had a pathological SaO2. Four patients (1.3%) had HPS. HPS patients had a significant lower mean SaO2 in supine (89.7%, SD 5.4 vs. 96.0%, SD 2.3; p = 0.003) and upright position (84.3%, SD 5.0 vs. 96.0%, SD 2.4; p = 0.001) and had a lower mean PaO2 (56.2 mm Hg, SD 15.2 vs. 71.2 mm Hg, SD 20.2; p = 0.02) as compared to patients without HPS. The mean deltaSaO2 (difference between supine and upright position) was 5.50 (SD 7) in HPS patients compared to non-HPS patients who showed no change (p = 0.001). There was a strong correlation between shunt volume and the SaO2 values (R = -0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterial SaO2 determination in supine and upright position is a useful non-invasive screening test for HPS and correlates well with the intrapulmonary shunt volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine VII, University Freiburg, Germany. peter.deibert@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deibert
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Allgaier
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loesch
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olschewski
authors.forename: Hinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Hubert Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Blum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D020065:Hepatopulmonary Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen