title: The persistence of mind-brain dualism in psychiatric reasoning about clinical scenarios.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite attempts in psychiatry to adopt an integrative biopsychosocial model, social scientists have observed that psychiatrists continue to operate according to a mind-brain dichotomy in ways that are often covert and unacknowledged and suggest that the same intuitive cognitive schemas that people use to make judgments of responsibility lead to dualistic reasoning among clinicians. The goal of this study was to confirm these observations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report questionnaires were sent to the 270 psychiatrists and psychologists in the Department of Psychiatry at McGill University. In response to clinical vignettes, the participants rated the level of intentionality, controllability, responsibility, and blame attributable to the patients, as well as the importance of neurobiological, psychological, and social factors in explaining the patients' symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 136 faculty members (50.4%) responded, and 127 were included in the analysis. Factor analysis revealed a single dimension of responsibility regarding the patients' illnesses that correlated positively with ratings of psychological etiology and negatively with ratings of neurobiological etiology. Psychological and neurobiological ratings were inversely correlated. Multivariate analyses of variance supported these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental health professionals continue to employ a mind-brain dichotomy when reasoning about clinical cases. The more a behavioral problem is seen as originating in "psychological" processes, the more a patient tends to be viewed as responsible and blameworthy for his or her symptoms; conversely, the more behaviors are attributed to neurobiological causes, the less likely patients are to be viewed as responsible and blameworthy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave. West, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 1A1. marc.miresco@mail.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Miresco
authors.forename: Laurence J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kirmayer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007389:Internal-External Control; D019545:Intuition / Q000502:physiology; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011570:Psychiatry; D011586:Psychology, Clinical; D011603:Psychophysiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires