title: Effects of mycophenolic acid on inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase I and II mRNA expression in white blood cells and various tissues in sheep.
abstract: Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a mycotoxin commonly found as Penicillium genus secondary metabolite in feedstuffs and silages. Feeding with MPA contaminated silages may modulate the immune system in the farm animals and can cause appetite lost, ketosis, paralysis and abortion. The aim of the present study was to characterize the long-term MPA effect on both the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) isoforms I and II mRNA expression in white blood cells (WBC) and various tissue of healthy sheep. In treated animals 300 mg MPA/day/sheep was applied. In all investigated tissues the IMPDH I and II mRNA was abundant: WBC, spleen, thymus, ileum, jejunum, kidney, liver, pharyngeal and mesenterial lymph node. An efficiency-corrected relative quantification of the IMPDH types I and II isoforms mRNA were performed by normalizing with the constant reference gene expression of beta-actin. High IMPDH I mRNA expression levels were seen in kidney > mesenterial lymph node > jejunum > spleen > pharyngeal lymph node. Medium and low abundance was found in ileum > WBC > liver > thymus. Type II mRNA was highly expressed in liver > thymus > jejunum. In pharyngeal lymph node > spleen > ileum > mesenterial lymph node > kidney > WBC medium to low IMPDH II mRNA concentrations were detected. Under MPA treatment the IMPDH I mRNA expression was not significantly regulated in WBC, only trends of down- and upregulation were observed. Surprisingly in jejunum an upregulation could be observed (P < 0.05). In pharyngeal lymph node a tendency to downregulation was shown. This may be due to frequent ruminant activities and frequent exposition of MPA to the pharyngeal lymph nodes. In contrast to type I mRNA expression, IMPDH II mRNA was significantly downregulated in ileum (3.4-fold, P < 0.01) and tendencies in downregulation could be seen in jejunum (5.1-fold, P = 0.14). In addition, significant downregulation of IMPDH II gene expression over the entire feeding experiment could be shown in WBC of MPA-treated animals compared with untreated animals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the recent study demonstrates that feeding sheep with MPA-contaminated silage did not induce IMPDH I mRNA expression in various tissues and blood, except in jejunum, but has suppressive effects on IMPDH II mRNA expression in WBC and ileum.
authors.affiliation: Physiology, Center of Life and Food Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dzidic
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prgomet
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: H H D
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pfaffl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007583:Jejunum / Q000201:enzymology*; D007962:Leukocytes; D008297:Male; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid