Refining the laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testicular cancer.
Since its initial description, the laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has evolved considerably, from a purely diagnostic tool performed to stage germ cell testicular cancer to a therapeutic operation that fully duplicates the open technique. Herein, we describe the current technique employed at our institution, along with illustrations of all surgical steps, and delineate the refinements of the technique over time.
Romero
Frederico R
FR
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-8915, USA. fredromero@terra.com.br
Wagner
Andrew
A
Brito
Fabio A
FA
Muntener
Michael
M
Lima
Guilherme C
GC
Kavoussi
Louis R
LR
D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000601:surgery*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*