title: A fermentation assay to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents on gut microflora.
abstract: The measurement of gas produced as a fermentation end product in vitro was correlated with absorbance as a measure of bacterial growth and was used as a rapid screening procedure to test the antimicrobial activity of certain essential oil and tannin secondary plant metabolites on gastrointestinal microorganisms from chickens. The assay was optimised using Clostridium perfringens and Lactobacillus fermentum, and tested in antimicrobial assays against C. perfringens; the minimum inhibitory concentration for each essential oil and condensed tannin was determined. The effect of penicillin-G on C. perfringens, in both growth and fermentation assays, was similar, and for all secondary metabolites tested, concentrations that inhibited fermentation were also bacteriocidal. The assay was also used to demonstrate the effect of dietary composition and enzyme supplementation on fermentation of mixed gut microflora in vitro; results are compared with in vivo results for the same dietary treatments. The data demonstrate that the effects of bioactive secondary plant products and feed composition on individual organisms or mixed gut microflora can be tested by analysis of fermentative activity in vitro, and that this provides a rapid assay for testing potential poultry feed additives before in vivo trials.
authors.affiliation: Avian Science Research Centre, Scottish Agricultural College, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanmugavelu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruzickova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zrustova
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brooker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D052197:Limosilactobacillus fermentum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013634:Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005740:Gases; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013634:Tannins