title: Superficial hypertrophic dendriform epitheliopathy: a follow-up series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the interval courses of previously reported cases of superficial hypertrophic dendriform epitheliopathy (SHDE) and to describe 3 new cases of this uncommon entity following penetrating keratoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report follow-up on 3 previously described cases of SHDE, including discussion of cases and their clinical course. All 3 patients had persistent surface abnormalities complicating graft success resulting in poor visual outcomes. Three new cases of SHDE are discussed with a summary of the ocular findings and treatment. All patients underwent multiple penetrating keratoplasties for recurrent graft failures resulting from chronic postkeratoplasty surface keratopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SHDE is a rare complication of penetrating keratoplasty that can lead to delayed healing, chronic derangement of the corneal surface, corneal scarring, and an increased risk of graft rejection. Understanding and recognizing this entity is crucial for maximizing graft outcomes. Further investigation of the pathogenesis is necessary for complete understanding and management of the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: W Barry
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mannis
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies