title: Pegaptanib sodium for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year safety results of the two prospective, multicenter, controlled clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety of pegaptanib sodium injection, a specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonist, in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) during 2 years of therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two concurrent, prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, sham-controlled studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with all angiographic choroidal neovascularization lesion compositions of AMD received either intravitreous pegaptanib sodium (0.3 mg, 1 mg, 3 mg) or sham injections every 6 weeks for 54 weeks. Those initially assigned to pegaptanib were re-randomized (1:1) to continue or discontinue therapy for 48 more weeks; sham-treated patients were re-randomized (1:1:1:1:1) to continue sham, discontinue, or receive one of the pegaptanib doses.
  
  
  METHODS
  All reported adverse events, serious adverse events, and deaths.
  
  
  METHODS
  In year 1, 1190 subjects received at least one study treatment (0.3 mg, n = 295; 1 mg, n = 301; 3 mg, n = 296; sham, n = 298); 7545 intravitreous injections of pegaptanib were administered. In year 2, 425 subjects (0.3 mg, n = 128; 1 mg, n = 126; 3 mg, n = 120; sham, n = 51) continued the same masked treatment as in year 1 and received at least one study treatment in year 2; 2663 intravitreous injections of pegaptanib were administered in these subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All doses of pegaptanib were well tolerated. The most common ocular adverse events were transient, mild to moderate in intensity, and attributed to the injection preparation and procedure. There was no evidence of an increase in deaths, in events associated with systemic VEGF inhibition (e.g., hypertension, thromboembolic events, serious hemorrhagic events), or in severe ocular inflammation, cataract progression, or glaucoma in pegaptanib-treated patients relative to sham-treated patients. In year 1, serious injection-related complications included endophthalmitis (12 events, 0.16%/injection), retinal detachment (RD) (6 events [4 rhegmatogenous, 2 exudative], 0.08%/injection), and traumatic cataract (5 events, 0.07%/injection). Most cases of endophthalmitis followed violations of the injection preparation protocol. In patients receiving pegaptanib for >1 year, there were no reports of endophthalmitis or traumatic cataract in year 2; RD was reported in 4 patients (all rhegmatogenous, 0.15%/injection).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2-year safety profile of pegaptanib sodium is favorable in patients with exudative AMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. djdamico@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Masonson
authors.forename: Manju
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Adamis
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Guyer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C495058:pegaptanib