title: The expression of neurokinin-1 and preprotachykinin-1 in breast cancer cells depends on the relative degree of invasive and metastatic potential.
abstract: Breast cancer has a predilection for metastasis to the bone marrow. The preprotachykinin-I (PPT-I) gene has a central role in the early migration of breast cancer cells into the bone marrow, making this organ a latent repository of the cancer cells. This study investigated whether the invasive and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells correlate with the expression of the PPT-I gene and the receptors for its peptides, neurokinin-1 (NK-1) and NK-2. The studies compared cells that are non-tumorigenic (MCF12A), low metastatic and invasive potential (MCF7), and sublines of MCF with increased invasive and metastatic potential (LCC1 and LCC2). LCC2, but not LCC1 is tamoxifen resistant. Quantitative RT-PCR showed increased expression of PPT-I, NK-1 and NK-2 mRNA LCC1 and LCC2. MCF7 required stimulation by phorbol ester for NK-1 induction. The levels of NK-2 mRNA were significantly increased in LCC2. Clonogenic assays with specific receptor antagonists showed a predominant role for NK-2 in the proliferation of both LCC1 and LCC2. While the growth rate of LCC1 and LCC2 were similar, the latter showed increased migration. Use of a nude mouse model confirmed higher metastatic potential of LCC2, including increased migration to regions of the endosteum. Overall, these studies show a correlation between three neuroendocrine-related genes: PPT-I, NK-1 and NK-2 and the metastatic potential of specific breast cancer cells. These cells provide a model for future studies on bone marrow metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Tammy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Marion C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Pranela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rameshwar
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015320:Tachykinins; C054618:protachykinin