title: Metabolic imaging of anterior capsular stimulation in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a key role for the subgenual anterior cingulate and ventral striatum.
abstract: High-frequency anterior capsular stimulation is a new, promising, and reversible neuromodulatory treatment in the research stage for patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The mechanism of action is unknown but hypothesized to be secondary to interruption of the corticothalamostriatocortical circuit.
  
  
  METHODS
  (18)F-FDG PET was performed on 6 consecutive OCD patients preoperatively and after stimulation. The results were compared with those of 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers by using both a standardized volume-of-interest-based approach for subcortical areas and statistical parametric mapping. Correlations were investigated with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores (Y-BOCS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores (HAM-D).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic anterior capsular electrostimulation resulted in a further decrease of prefrontal metabolic activity, especially in the subgenual anterior cingulate (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis demonstrated that decreases in Y-BOCS and HAM-D with anterior capsular electrostimulation were inversely related to the metabolic activity changes in the left ventral striatum, left amygdala, and left hippocampus (P < 0.01). Preoperative resting metabolic activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate was predictive of therapeutic response (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations provide evidence that the subgenual anterior cingulate and ventral striatum have a key role in the neuronal circuitry involved in the pathophysiology of OCD with associated major depression and in the neuromodulatory mechanism of anterior capsular stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. koen.vanlaere@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Koenraad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Laere
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nuttin
authors.forename: Loes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gabriels
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dupont
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cosyns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18