title: Unlicensed and off-label drug use in a Swiss paediatric university hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many medicines used in newborns, infants, children and adolescents are not licensed ("unlicensed") or are prescribed outside the terms of the marketing authorization ("off-label"). Several studies have shown that this is a common practice in various healthcare settings in the USA, Europe and Australia, but data are scarce in Switzerland.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our prospective study was to determine the proportion of unlicensed or off-label prescriptions in paediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pilot study was conducted prospectively over a six month period in the department of paediatrics of a university hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients aged from three days to 14 years were included in the study. A total of 483 prescriptions were written for the patients. More than half of all prescriptions (247; 51%) followed the terms of the marketing authorization. 114 (24%) were unlicensed and 122 (25%) off-label. All patients received at least one unlicensed or offlabel medicine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of unlicensed or off-label medicines to treat children was found to be common. Co-operation between the pharmaceutical industry, national regulatory authorities, clinical researchers, healthcare professionals and parents is required in order to ensure that children do not remain "therapeutic orphans".
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ermindo R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Di Paolo
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stoetter
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cotting
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gehri
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck-Popovic
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tolsa
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanconi
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pannatier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017277:Drug Approval; D004348:Drug Labeling; D005260:Female; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations