title: Acetylcysteine In Diabetes (AID): a randomized study of acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast nephropathy in diabetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk of contrast-associated nephropathy irrespective of their baseline creatinine (Cr). We tested the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) relative to hydration in unselected patients (irrespective of baseline Cr) with DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized open-label study comparing hydration alone (combined oral and rapid intravenous hydration, n = 69) to NAC plus hydration (similar hydration protocol plus NAC 600 mg BID x 4 doses, n = 68) in diabetic patients (mean age 65 +/- 10 years, 65% men) undergoing elective coronary angiography. The primary end point was the mean change in serum Cr measured up to 96 hours postangiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline Cr was 1.14 +/- 0.43 mg/dL (Cr > or = 1.3 mg/dL in 37 subjects). Baseline characteristics including blood urea nitrogen, Cr, and contrast volume were similar between the 2 groups. The mean Cr change in the NAC group was 0.14 +/- 0.47 versus 0.08 +/- 0.11 mg/dL in the hydration only group (P = NS). Contrast-associated nephropathy, defined as a > or = 0.5 mg/dL increase in Cr, was significantly more common in the NAC group, 9.2% versus 1.4%, P = .043. Similar results were found in the subgroup of participants with either an increased baseline serum Cr (> or = 1.3 mg/dL) or in those receiving high contrast volumes (> 100 mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N-Acetylcysteine provides no benefit over an aggressive hydration protocol in patients with DM undergoing coronary angiography.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA.
authors.forename: Louis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Coyle
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Jeschke
authors.forename: Anabela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simon-Lee
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Allen J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003404:Creatinine; D000111:Acetylcysteine