title: Dietary intake of choline and plasma choline concentrations in pregnant women in Jamaica.
abstract: Choline is an essential nutrient for humans and its availability during pregnancy is important for optimal fetal development. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine in the United States of America has set the adequate choline intake during pregnancy at 450 mg/day. There is limited data available on normal plasma choline concentrations in pregnancy. Moreover, there are neither documented studies of choline intake among pregnant women in the Jamaican population nor of free plasma choline concentrations during pregnancy. Sixteen women presenting to the antenatal clinic of the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) at 10-15 weeks of gestation were selected for this pilot study. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to estimate frequency of consumption of foods rich in choline. Fasting blood samples were collected by venepuncture and plasma assayed for choline using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization isotopic dilution mass spectrometry. Most of the women reported consumption of diets that delivered less than the recommended choline intake (mean +/- SEM, 278.5 +/- 28.9 mg). Mean plasma choline concentration was 8.4 +/- 0.4 micromol/L. This falls below the normal concentration (10 micromol/L) reported for individuals that are not pregnant and pregnant (14.5 micromol/L). The results of this study may be an indication that the choline included in the diet of pregnant women in Jamaica may not be adequate to meet both the needs of the mother and fetus and that further studies are warranted to determine clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies. maxine.gossel@uwimona.edu.jm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gossell-Williams
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McFarlane-Anderson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeisel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002794:Choline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002794:Choline