title: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in human preimplantation embryos.
abstract: In contrast to a previous report by Krussel et al., with the inclusion of larger numbers of unfertilized oocytes and normal embryos and more sensitive immunofluorescence, this study shows that expression of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid can be detected from the oocyte to the blastocyst stage and that protein can be detected from the 3-cell stage to the blastocyst stage in human preimplantation embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuh-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Hwu
authors.forename: Chie-Pein
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sheng-Hsiang
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peng-Wu
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Robert Kuo-Kuang
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fleming
mesh_terms: D001755:Blastocyst / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A