title: [Side effects of anti-TNFalpha therapy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report adverse events registered in our population affected by JIA and treated with anti-TNFalpha blockers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five patients were enrolled to be treated with Etanercept, median age 14 years (range 4-34); median duration of therapy 12 months (range 1-40). 19 patients were also treated with MTX (median dose 12.5 mg/week). Fifty-six patients were enrolled to be treated with Infliximab associated with MTX (median dose of MTX 8.8 mg/week), median age 23.2 years (range 7.8-34.9); median duration of therapy 20.1 months (range 1.4-60.4). All adverse events were divided in definitely, probably and possibly related to the biologic agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Side effects definitely related to Infliximab were the reactions to infusions and the Anti-dsDNA positivity. Side effects definitely related to Etanercept were severe headache and thrombocytopenia. Side effects probably correlated to both the biological agents were behavioural modifications and pain amplification syndrome. Probably correlated to the treatment with Etanercept was the onset of Crohn's disease in 3 patients. Possibly correlated to the biological agents were the new onset or flare-up of Chronic Iridocyclitis and single cases of thyroideal cancer, hypoglossal nerve paralysis and a severe Cytomegalovirus pulmonary infection. No case of tuberculosis infection was registered during this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with a TNFalpha antagonist seems to be associated with various adverse events. Some of them, like onset of Crohn's disease, behavioural modifications are unusual and others, like pain amplification syndrome were never described before. Children and young adults affected by JIA should be monitored very carefully so as to limit as much as possible the risk of serious side effects on anti-TNFalpha therapy.
authors.affiliation: Unità Semplice di Reumatologia Infantile, Dipartimento e Cattedra di Reumatologia dell'Università di Milano. pontikaki@tiscalinet.it
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pontikaki
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gerloni
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gattinara
authors.forename: Alfredomaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luriati
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmaso
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teruzzi
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valcamonica
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fantini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000188:drug therapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000139:chemically induced; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000209:etiology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006417:Hematuria / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D020437:Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D000069285:Infliximab; D015863:Iridocyclitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000209:etiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept; D008727:Methotrexate