title: Long-term follow-up of patients with clubfeet treated with extensive soft-tissue release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although long-term follow-up studies have shown favorable results, in terms of foot function, after treatment of idiopathic clubfoot with serial manipulations and casts, we know of no long-term follow-up studies of patients in whom clubfoot was treated with an extensive surgical soft-tissue release.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients (seventy-three feet) in whom idiopathic clubfoot was treated with either a posterior release and plantar fasciotomy (eight patients) or an extensive combined posterior, medial, and lateral release (thirty-seven patients) were followed for a mean of thirty years. Patients were evaluated with detailed examination of the lower extremities, a radiographic evaluation that included grading of osteoarthritis, and three independent quality-of-life questionnaires, including the Short Form-36 Medical Outcomes Study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the time of follow-up, the majority of patients in both treatment groups had significant limitation of foot function, which was consistent across the three independent quality-of-life questionnaires. No significant difference between groups was noted with regard to the results of the quality-of-life measures, the range of motion of the ankle or the position of the heel, or the radiographic findings. Six patients who had been treated with only one surgical procedure had better ranges of motion of the ankle and subtalar joints (p < 0.004) than those who had had multiple surgical procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients with clubfoot treated with an extensive soft-tissue release have poor long-term foot function. We found a correlation between the extent of the soft-tissue release and the degree of functional impairment. Repeated soft-tissue releases can result in a stiff, painful, and arthritic foot and significantly impaired quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, One Children's Place, Suite 4S20, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. dobbsm@wudosis.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dobbs
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nunley
authors.forename: Perry L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Schoenecker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011788:Quality of Life; D011859:Radiography; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome