title: A prospective outcome evaluation of arthroscopic Bankart repairs: minimum 2-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arthroscopic treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation has become possible through improvements in instruments and techniques.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively evaluate results of arthroscopic Bankart repairs at a minimum 2-year follow-up for patients with histories of shoulder dislocation and an anterior-inferior labral tear at the time of diagnostic arthroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 85 patients (70 men, 15 women; mean age, 26 years) with Bankart lesions were treated with arthroscopic repair using suture anchors; 18 patients (27%) had extension of the labral injury into the superior labrum affecting some or all of the biceps anchor. Anchors were loaded with no. 2 nonabsorbable braided suture and placed 2 mm into the edge of the glenoid surface. A low anterior (5-o'clock) portal through the subscapularis tendon was used in all patients; 72 patients were evaluated at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively (mean, 46 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients (10%) experienced recurrent instability after repair. Four patients had redislocations; 3 experienced recurrent subluxations. One patient had pain with the apprehension test without a clear history of recurrent instability. Of 18 collision athletes, 2 had dislocations at 22 and 60 months postoperatively. There were no complications, including no neurologic deficits. Clinical strength testing of the subscapularis muscle was normal in all patients. The mean Rowe score was 88 of 100 points, with 90% excellent or good results. Simple Shoulder Test responses improved from 66% positive preoperatively to 88% positive postoperatively. The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scoring index averaged 92 of 100 points postoperatively. Pain analog scales improved from 5.5 preoperatively to 0.35 postoperatively on a 10-point scale. SF-12 scores improved for physical function. Patient satisfaction was rated 8.9 on a 10-point visual analog scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bankart repairs performed arthroscopically using properly implanted suture anchors and nonabsorbable sutures and in which associated pathoanatomy is addressed demonstrate low recurrence rates (10%) similar to historical open controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Dominic S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Carreira
authors.forename: Augustus D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mazzocca
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oryhon
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Romeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000601:surgery*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome