title: Trauma related to sexual assault in Calabar, south eastern Nigeria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A woman who is sexually assaulted experiences intense anxiety and fear. The associated stigmatization often results in under reporting and management difficulties. The aims of this study are to document the types of injuries seen in victims of sexual assault and to highlight problems in management of cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two case files of sexual assault victims between January 1998 and December 2001 were reviewed for age, types of injuries sustained and treatment received.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age range of all victims was 4 to 23 years. The knife was used by the perpetrator in 8 (36.4%) cases. Time interval between assault and presentation to hospital was up to 12 hours in 13 (59.1%) cases. Superficial abrasions, bruises, and lacerations were observed in 12 (54.6%) cases. Six (27.3%) victims paid for human immunodeficiency virus screen and the results were non-reactive. Ten (45.5%) victims had primary repair of perineal tear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual assault is associated with multiple bruises, lacerations, and perineal tears. Commercialization of medical services was a hindrance to proper management of cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ekabua
authors.forename: T U
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Agan
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Iklaki
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Ekanem
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Itam
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ogaji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003376:Counseling; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011902:Rape / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012306:Risk; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000635:transmission; D013997:Time Factors; D014754:Violence; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*