title: Surgical remission of pituitary adenomas confined to the neurohypophysis in Cushing's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial or total removal of the pituitary cures 60-80% of patients with Cushing's disease (CD) in whom an adenoma cannot be identified at surgery. Many patients who fail complete or partial hypophysectomy are cured by sellar and parasellar irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a series of prospective studies of CD, we identified 12 patients (34.5 +/- 19.9 yr; 11 females; four children) with tumors located completely within the neurohypophysis among 730 patients undergoing surgery for CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center at a clinical research hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 12 patients had clinical and biochemically defined CD. Tumor was visible at surgery in 11 patients; all 12 tumors were positive for ACTH by immunohistochemistry. Two tumors were excised at repeat surgery because of persistent hypercortisolism within 14 d of negative exploration of the adenohypophysis. There were no long-term complications. At follow-up of 71.9 +/- 34.2 months (range, 30-138 months), all patients are in remission of CD. Adult patients have had significant improvement in weight and body mass indices, with restoration of normal menses in all women. In the four pediatric patients, height, weight, and body mass indices have been restored toward normal by surgical remission of CD. Hypopituitarism or long-term neurohypophysial dysfunction has not occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a new subset of patients with CD, ACTH-secreting adenomas that arise wholly within the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. In cases of CD in which an adenoma is not identified in the adenohypophysis and in patients with persistent hypercortisolism after complete or partial excision of the anterior lobe, tumor within the neurohypophysis should be considered; selective adenomectomy of a neurohypophyseal, ACTH-secreting tumor can produce long-term remission.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 5D37, MSC 1414, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1414, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Alexander O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Vortmeyer
authors.forename: Lynnette K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: Hetty L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Devroom
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wanebo
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Oldfield
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007016:Hypophysectomy / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008875:Middle Aged; D047748:Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D010904:Pituitary Gland, Posterior / Q000601:surgery*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery*; D012074:Remission Induction / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone