title: Juvenile hyperthyroidism: an experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the clinical profile of juvenile hyperthyroidism at presentation, their treatment outcome; predictors of remission and relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of medical records of 56 patients with juvenile hyperthyroidism seen over a period of 16 years. A cohort of 38 females and 18 males with mean (+/-SD) age of 14.9 +/- 3.4 years (range 3 to 18 years) was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority of patients was in the age group of 12-16 years. Common symptoms observed at presentation were weight loss (82.1%), excessive sweating (78.6%), heat intolerance (76.8%), increased appetite (73.2%) and diarrhea in 48.2%. In addition, accelerated linear growth was observed in 7.1% of patients. Goiter was present in 98.2% of children; 94.5% of which was diffuse and 4.8% was multinodular. The mean ((+/-SD) T3 was 4.8 +/- 3.4 ng/mL (N, 0.6-1.6), T4 was 218 +/- 98 ng/mL (N, 60-155) and TSH was 0.44 +/- 0.36 (N, 0.5-5.5 microIU/mL). TMA positivity seen in 36.9% of patients. All patients were treated with carbimazole; subsequently 4 patients required thyroidectomy and one required radioactive iodine ablation. Mean (+/-SD) duration of follow-up in our patients was 4.9 +/- 3 years, ranging between 1.6 to 16 years and mean (+/-SD) duration of treatment was 34.4 +/- 22.6 months (range 12 to 120 months). Mean (+/-SD) duration to achieve euthyroidism was 5.2 +/- 4.7 months, ranging between 1-33 months. On intention to treat analysis, remission with carbimazole was achieved in 47.6%, remaining patients failed to achieve remission with drug treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graves disease is the commonest cause of juvenile hyperthyroidism. Carbimazole is safe, effective, cheap, and easily available form of therapy. It is occasionally associated with serious side effects but requires prolonged follow up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160 012, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhadada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhansali
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velayutham
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Masoodi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002231:Carbimazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007456:Iodine Isotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D007456:Iodine Isotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D002231:Carbimazole; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine