title: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C: outcomes and risk factors for failure in phakic open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term tonometric outcomes of trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C (MMC) and its efficacy in achieving a range of intraocular pressures (IOP) in phakic patients with open-angle glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three levels of success were defined by these criteria: (A) IOP < or =18 mmHg and IOP reduction of 20%; (B) IOP < or =15 mmHg and IOP reduction of 25%; and (C) IOP < or =12 and IOP reduction of 30%. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to assess outcomes. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred twenty-five phakic patients (292 eyes) with open-angle glaucoma, > or =40 years of age at time of trabeculectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was qualified success rate (with or without medications) according to the defined criteria. Secondary outcomes include IOP level and number of medications at 1 and 3 years after surgery, postoperative complications, and need for further glaucoma surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean IOP (+/-standard deviation) decreased from 18.8 mmHg (+/-6.1 mmHg) before surgery to 11.3 mmHg (+/-4.5 mmHg) at 1 year and 11.1 mmHg (+/-4.2 mmHg) at 3 years (P<0.001 for both). The mean number of medications decreased from 2.8 (+/-1.0) to 0.4 (+/-0.7) at 1 year and 0.7 (+/-1.0) at 3 years (P<0.001 for both). The success rates were 85%, 84%, and 79% at 1 year for criteria A, B, and C, respectively; and 62%, 56%, and 46% for these criteria, respectively, at 3 years. Postoperative laser suture lysis was associated with a higher rate of failure for criteria B and C (P<0.001 for both), the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.7 for criteria B and 2.0 for criteria C. Prior argon laser trabeculoplasty was associated with higher risk of failure for criteria C (HR = 1.6; P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trabeculectomy with MMC effectively reduces IOP in phakic open-angle glaucoma, but long-term low IOPs are achieved in only half of the cases. Laser suture lysis after trabeculectomy and prior argon laser trabeculoplasty are associated with a higher risk of failure when low IOPs are required.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Kouros
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nouri-Mahdavi
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lumba
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ralli
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caprioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014130:Trabeculectomy / Q000379:methods*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D016685:Mitomycin