title: Major malformations with valproic acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing numbers of pregnant patients are treated with valproic acid, not just for epilepsy, but also for psychiatric conditions. Are there teratogenic risks other than the risk of spina bifida?
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has now become evident that valproic acid might cause more than just neural tube defects (NTDs). In a systematic review of all cohort studies intended to answer this question, higher rates of major malformations (and not just NTDs) were found in most studies. The calculated relative risk was 2.59 when compared with other antiepileptic drugs and was 3.77 when compared with risk in the general population. There is compelling evidence that the risk is dose dependent. The risks appear to begin increasing at doses of 600 mg/d and to become more prominent at doses above 1000 mg/d.
authors.affiliation: Motherisk Team, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.forename: Alejandro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nava-Ocampo
authors.forename: Myla E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Reuven
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nulman
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid