title: A longitudinal study of health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the longitudinal course of health-related quality of life from 1 month to 3 to 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal cohort study with 4 evaluation points.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level I trauma center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive hospital admissions of 133 adolescents and adults with complicated mild to severe TBI who completed the outcome measure at all 4 time points, 111 general trauma patients, and 87 healthy friend controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sickness Impact Profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBI patients reported significant limitations at 1 month postinjury, with substantial improvement occurring by 6 months, especially in the physical domain. Psychosocial improvement was smaller, and perceived cognitive, emotional, and communication difficulties did not change over the time period assessed. Persons with TBI had clear difficulties relative to healthy peers, but their reported level of difficulties was very similar to that of the persons who had sustained a general trauma by 1 year postinjury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample, TBI was associated with significant early limitations in most aspects of everyday life. Considerable improvement was noted over the first 6 months postinjury, especially in physical domains. Some aspects of psychosocial functioning also improved, although reported limitations in communication, cognitive, and emotional domains remained constant over time. These findings highlight the persistence of injury-related difficulties that compromise quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. farkat@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Pagulayan
authors.forename: Nancy R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Temkin
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machamer
authors.forename: Sureyya S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dikmen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013997:Time Factors