title: Clinical and histological healing pattern of peri-implantitis lesions following non-surgical treatment with an Er:YAG laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess clinical and histo-pathological healing pattern of peri-implantitis lesions following non-surgical treatment with an Er:YAG laser (ERL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients suffering from peri-implantitis (n = 12 implants) received a single episode of non-surgical instrumentation using ERL (12.7 J/cm2). Assessment of clinical parameters (plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth, gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL)), surgical defect examination, and histo-pathological examination of peri-implant tissue biopsies was performed after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients exhibited improvements of all clinical parameters investigated. However, histo-pathological examination of tissue biopsies revealed a mixed chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate (macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) which seemed to be encapsulated by deposition of irregular bundles of fibrous connective tissue showing increased proliferation of vascular structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that a single course of non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis using ERL may not be sufficient for the maintenance of failing implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany. info@frank-schwarz.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bieling
authors.forename: Enaas
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nuesry
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sculean
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001706:Biopsy; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D015921:Dental Implants; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004871:Erbium; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D015921:Dental Implants; D015019:Yttrium; D004871:Erbium