title: Prevalence of infraorbital ethmoid (Haller's) cells on panoramic radiographs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of infraorbital ethmoid cells on panoramic radiographs. Infraorbital ethmoid (Haller's) cells are extensions of ethmoid air cells into the areas of the orbit and maxillary sinus and may be seen when present on panoramic radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, 233 panoramic radiographs were examined for infraorbital ethmoid cells. A diagnostic criterion was developed to identify infraorbital ethmoid cells on panoramic radiographs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty panoramic radiographs were discarded because the orbital outline was not seen. Of the 173 panoramic radiographs, the prevalence of infraorbital ethmoid cells was 38.2% (30.8% for men and 40.3% for women).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence on panoramic radiographs was within the range of prevalence on CT examinations reported by others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. ahmad005@umn.edu
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Neerja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Joby
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaberi
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sampair
authors.forename: Ramesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kuba
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000388:Air; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000166:cytology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors