Freezing injury and resistance in spinach chloroplast grana.
Spinach grana appear to be injured by the same mechanism and by the same degree of dehydration and volume reduction that injures animal cells. Winter-hardened or artificially protected grana avoid injury by permitting a reversible influx of solute which forestalls excessive dehydration and shrinkage.
Williams
R J
RJ
Blood Research Laboratory, American National Red Cross, Bethesda, Maryland 20014.
Meryman
H T
HT