title: The influence of the crystallinity of electrostatic spray deposition-derived coatings on osteoblast-like cell behavior, in vitro.
abstract: This article describes the influence of the crystallinity of carbonate apatite (CA) coatings on osteoblast-like cell behavior. Porous CA coatings were produced with electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), and subsequently, received heat treatments of 400, 500, or 700 degrees C to induce various coating crystallinities. As a result, an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), a crystalline CA (CCA), and a crystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) structure were formed, respectively. Uncoated titanium substrates served as the control group. After seeding rat osteoblast-like cells, the initial cell attachment was similar between the groups, and approached 100% after 6 h. Between the various coatings, no differences were observed for proliferation, differentiation, or mineralization. However, proliferation of the osteoblast-like cells was lower on all coated substrates after longer culture periods, compared to the uncoated substrates, while at the same time differentiation was stimulated. Furthermore, after 8 and 16 days of incubation, scanning electron microscopy showed more signs of mineralization on coated substrates, compared to the uncoated substrates. In conclusion, porous ESD-derived CA coatings have a positive effect on the in vitro differentiation of osteoblast-like cells, compared to uncoated, as-machined titanium. However, this effect is not further enhanced by the degree of crystallinity of the ESD-derived CA coatings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Siebers
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Walboomers
authors.forename: S C G
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leeuwenburgh
authors.forename: J G C
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wolke
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003460:Crystallization; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D055672:Static Electricity; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase