title: Factors predicting practice location and outreach consultation among University of Toronto psychiatry graduates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the determinants of practice location and of outreach consultation of recently graduated psychiatrists.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed 153 psychiatrists who graduated from the University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry between January 1990 and June 2002 (response rate 51%), on the basis of a self-administered mail questionnaire. The survey assessed factors that influenced practice location and outreach consultation, such as demographics, links to practice communities, and outreach experiences, including rural or northern electives as a resident.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Professional variables were rated as the most important factors in choosing a practice location. Variables such as age or sex were not significantly associated with location. Nine percent reported working in communities of less than 100,000, and only 1% practised in Northern Ontario. Eighteen percent practised in the same location where they were born or raised. Forty-four percent had rural or northern experience as a resident but almost exclusively in the form of short, fly-in consultation electives. Twenty-four percent indicated that they provide outreach consultation. Psychiatry residents who participated in outreach electives were 10 times as likely as those who did not participate to continue outreach as a consultant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although early exposure to rural or northern medicine leads to significantly greater continued involvement in outreach activities after graduation, our findings suggest the need for more long-term, on-site residency training opportunities in rural and remote areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario. brian.hodges@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: Ava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adlaf
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D009864:Ontario; D011365:Professional Practice Location / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019035:Rural Health Services; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D019037:Urban Health Services; D000078329:Workforce