title: Impact of fetal-maternal tolerance in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is known to cure various hematological disorders; however, its widespread use is limited due to a lack of histocompatible donors. Reciprocal cell traffic between the mother and fetus during pregnancy gives rise to postpartum fetal-maternal lymphohematopoietic microchimerism, which is frequently detected in the blood or tissue of healthy individuals. Studies in clinical and experimental transplantation provide evidence that exposure to non-inherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) during pregnancy may result in long-lasting fetomaternal microchimerism and tolerance induction. Studies of HLA-mismatched HSCT have suggested a relatively lower incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after transplantation from a NIMA-mismatched donor. Studies using a mouse model have also demonstrated a "child-to-mother" bone marrow transplantation from an NIMA-exposed donor to reduce the morbidity and mortality of GVHD in an antigen-specific manner while preserving the graft-versus-leukemia effects and favoring the immune reconstitution, thus resulting in a marked improvement in outcome after HSCT. Prospective clinical studies are therefore warranted to confirm these beneficial effects of fetal-maternal tolerance in allogeneic HSCT.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. tteshima@cancer. med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinohe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens