title: High-dose mizoribine treatment for adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In treating pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is necessary to quickly attain remission to avoid sequelae in various organs and to maintain it over a long period. However, to maintain remission, the prolonged use of immunosuppressants which have various adverse effects, is often necessary in addition to steroids, and complications due to such immunosuppressants pose very important problems. A regimen of mizoribin (MZR) at 150 mg/day divided into two or three doses has been recommended, but while this regimen has been safe, its efficacy has not been satisfactory. However, MZR produces effects dose-dependently, and the dose recommended to date may have been insufficient for the treatment of children with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors administered oral MZR at 300 mg/day in two divided doses, which is twice the conventional dose for adults, to five adolescents with SLE. Three of these five were markedly steroid-dependent patients and two had previously been treated with steroids only. Thereafter, the authors evaluated the safety and efficacy of the regimen by following the patients for at least 7 months after the beginning of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients 1 and 2 had been treated with prednisolone (PSL) and cyclosporine (CyA), but as the duration of CyA administration became long, it was replaced with 300 mg MZR. This transition could be accomplished smoothly. Patient 3 showed repeated recurrence during the treatment with PSL and CyA or CPM, but the symptoms could be controlled by the addition of 300 mg MZR. In patients 4 and 5, the control of symptoms with PSL alone was judged to be difficult, and concomitant administration of MZR at 300 mg was started. This resulted in a decrease in the dose of PSL. The Cmax (C2) of MZR was 1.33 microg/mL or higher in all five patients, and the efficacy of the treatment was satisfactory. Concerning side-effects, hyperuricemia was noted in two patients, but it was resolved in one of them by reducing the dose of MZR and in the other spontaneously while the treatment was continued. Temporary exacerbation of hair loss was observed in two patients, but it disappeared in both of them after a few months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MZR could be administered at a high dose effectively and safely. However, monitoring of the serum uric acid level was necessary. High-dose MZR therapy showed an efficacy and safety that would warrant its application to steroid-dependent pediatric patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. nozu@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kandai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nozu
authors.forename: Kazumoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kamioka
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshiya
authors.forename: Ryojiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Norishige
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012263:Ribonucleosides; D014527:Uric Acid; C010052:mizoribine