title: Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase enhances isoflurane-induced protection against myocardial infarction during early reperfusion in vivo.
abstract: Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-beta protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brief exposure to isoflurane before and during early reperfusion after coronary artery occlusion also protects against infarction. Whether GSK-beta mediates this action is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that GSK inhibition enhances isoflurane-induced postconditioning. Rabbits (n = 88; 6 to 7 per group) subjected to a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion received saline, isoflurane (0.5 or 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]) administered for 3 min before and 2 min after reperfusion, the selective GSK inhibitor SB216763 (SB21; 0.2 or 0.6 mg/kg), or 0.5 MAC isoflurane plus 0.2 mg/kg SB21. Other groups of rabbits pretreated with phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin (0.6 mg/kg), 70-kDa ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p70s6K) inhibitor rapamycin (0.25 mg/kg), or mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opener atractyloside (5 mg/kg) received 0.6 mg/kg SB21 or 0.5 MAC isoflurane plus 0.2 mg/kg SB21. Additional groups received the mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporin A (5 mg/kg), plus 0.2 mg/kg SB21 with or without atractyloside pretreatment. Isoflurane (1.0 but not 0.5 MAC) and SB21 (0.6 but not 0.2 mg/kg) reduced (P < 0.05) infarct size (21% +/- 5%, 44% +/- 7%, 23% +/- 4%, and 46% +/- 2%, respectively, of left ventricular area at risk, mean+/- sd; triphenyltetrazolium staining) as compared with control (42% +/- 6%). Isoflurane (0.5 MAC) plus 0.2 mg/kg SB21 and cyclosporin A plus 0.2 mg/kg SB21 produced similar degrees of protection (24% +/- 4% and 27% +/- 6%, respectively). Atractyloside but not wortmannin or rapamycin abolished protection produced by 0.6 mg/kg SB21 and 0.5 MAC isoflurane plus 0.2 mg/kg SB21. Thus, GSK inhibition enhances isoflurane-induced protection against infarction during early reperfusion via a mPTP-dependent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA. pspagel@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pagel
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Krolikowski
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weihrauch
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bienengraeber
authors.forename: Judy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Warltier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004357:Drug Synergism; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D007530:Isoflurane; D038341:Glycogen Synthase Kinases