title: Hymenoptera venom allergens.
abstract: Hymenoptera venoms each contain a variety of protein allergens. The major components have all been characterized, and most of the amino acid sequences are known. This article concentrates on the use of contemporary techniques including cloning, mass spectrometry and genomics in the characterization of venom allergens, and newer separation techniques for protein isolation. Examples of the use of these techniques with venom proteins are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. hoffmand@ecu.edu
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000862:Ant Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001514:Bee Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014862:Wasp Venoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000862:Ant Venoms; D001180:Arthropod Venoms; D001514:Bee Venoms; D014862:Wasp Venoms