title: Prediction of early-onset deviant peer group affiliation: a 12-year longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deviant peer group involvement is strongly related to onset, aggravation, and persistence of conduct problems during adolescence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify early childhood behavioral profiles that predict early-onset deviant peer group involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-year longitudinal study of behavioral development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three inner-city elementary schools in a large Canadian city.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1037 boys in kindergarten from low socioeconomic neighborhoods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annual self-reported deviant peer group involvement from 11 to 17 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kindergarten boys were at highest risk of following an early adolescence trajectory of deviant peer group affiliation if they were hyperactive, fearless, and low on prosocial behaviors but much less at risk if they scored high on only 2 of these dimensions. Family adversity had no main effect but substantially increased the risk of following an early adolescence trajectory of deviant peer group affiliation for boys with a profile of hyperactivity, fearlessness, and low prosocial behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kindergarten boys from low socioeconomic areas who are hyperactive, fearless, infrequently prosocial, and raised in adverse family environments are at much heightened risk of engaging in deviant peer groups early in their development. Boys at high risk can be identified as early as kindergarten and should be targeted for preventive intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada. eric.lacourse@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lacourse
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nagin
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vitaro
authors.forename: Sylvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arseneault
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tremblay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D017668:Age of Onset; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005192:Family Health; D005195:Family Relations; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012932:Social Facilitation; D014505:Urban Population