title: Induction of alpha-amylase in barley endosperm by substrate levels of glutamate and aspartate.
abstract: Incubation of embryoless barley (Hordeum vulgare) half-seeds for 24 hours with 0.1 m glutamate or aspartate resulted in the release of 17 to 48% as much alpha-amylase as did incubation with 260 mmum gibberellin. With incubation periods of 48 to 51 hours these amino acids were on the average about half as active as response-saturating concentrations of gibberellin, and in some experiments they were essentially as active. Citric acid cycle intermediates, glycolytic pathway intermediates, and cofactors of these pathways failed to induce alpha-amylase synthesis, while the following compounds were active: asparagine, homoserine, diaminopimelate, isoleucine, methionine, glutamine, ornithine, citrulline, argininosuccinate, and delta-aminolevulinate. However, threonine, lysine, beta-alanine, alanine, gamma-aminobutyrate, alpha-ketobutyrate, proline, arginine, glycine, leucine, and putrescine were inactive. Two patterns were noted in the list of active and inactive compounds: (a) all of the active compounds contain an amino group and are biosynthetically derived from citric acid cycle intermediates; and (b) biosynthetic precursors of the amino acids arginine, proline, threonine, and lysine were active whereas these amino acids were not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Galsky
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lippincott