title: Photobacterium halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from Lake Martel in Spain.
abstract: A halotolerant bacterium was isolated from a saline lake located in Mallorca, Spain. Cells of the strain, designated MACL01T, were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile by means of polar flagella. Colonies of strain MACL01T were white to cream in TSA medium, turning brown after 7 days of incubation; they were blue in thiosulphate/citrate/bile salts/sucrose agar medium. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MACL01T belongs to the genus Photobacterium, in which it forms a distinct lineage together with Photobacterium rosenbergii and Photobacterium ganghwense (showing 96.9 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). The most closely related taxon according to phylogenetic analysis of the rpoA gene is also P. rosenbergii (90 % similarity). The recA gene also showed low similarity (83.7, 83.4 and 82.4 %, respectively) with respect to those of Vibrio proteolyticus LMG 3772T, Photobacterium leiognathii LMG 4228T and P. rosenbergii LMG 22223T. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis of the rpoA and recA genes confirms that strain MACL01T belongs to the genus Photobacterium, forming a branch together with P. rosenbergii. Strain MACL01T was able to grow in 0-8 % NaCl. Growth occurred between 4 and 37 degrees C (optimum, 28 degrees C) and at pH 5-8.5. Luminescence was negative on marine agar. Strain MACL01T was found to be sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129. It reduced nitrate to nitrite, produced beta-galactosidase and hydrolysed gelatin, but did not produce arginine dihydrolase, indole or acetoin. Strain MACL01T used several carbohydrates and fermented glucose, L-arabinose and sucrose. The most abundant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (32.6 %; comprising C16 : 1omega7c and/or C15 : 0 iso 2-OH), C16 : 0 (21.2 %) and C18 : 1omega7c (19.9 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.8 mol%. On the basis of genotypic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic results, strain MACL01T (=LMG 22194T=CECT 5860T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Photobacterium, for which the name Photobacterium halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Lab. 209, Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Lab. 209, Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Fraile
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Lab. 209, Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Lab. 209, Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Eustoquio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Molina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Lab. 209, Edificio Departamental de Biología, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Encarna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Velázquez
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005407:Flagella; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D049449:Luminescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013030:Spain; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004798:Enzymes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011938:Rec A Recombinases; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C113275:RNA polymerase alpha subunit