title: Prospective study of health status preferences and changes in preferences over time in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Instructional forms of advance care planning depend on the ability of patients to predict their future treatment preferences. However, preferences may change with changes in patients' health states.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted in-home interviews of 226 older community-dwelling persons with advanced cancer, congestive heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at least every 4 months for up to 2 years. Patients were asked to rate whether treatment for their illness would be acceptable if it resulted in 1 of 4 health states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The likelihood of rating as acceptable a treatment resulting in mild (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.16) or severe (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03-1.09) functional disability increased with each month of participation. Patients who experienced a decline in their ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living were more likely to rate as acceptable treatment resulting in mild (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.40) or severe (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11-1.37) disability. Although the overall likelihood of rating treatment resulting in a state of pain as acceptable did not change over time (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.01), patients who had moderate to severe pain were more likely to rate this treatment as acceptable (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.56-4.19) than were those who did not have moderate to severe pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For some patients, the acceptability of treatment resulting in certain diminished states of health increases with time, and increased acceptability is more likely among patients experiencing a decline in that same domain. These changes pose a challenge to advance care planning, which asks patients to predict their future treatment preferences.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06516, USA. terri.fried@yale.edu
authors.forename: Terri R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Byers
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Van Ness
authors.forename: Virginia R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Towle
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dubin
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013997:Time Factors