title: [The classification and its clinical value for extravertebral cement leakage complicated by percutaneous vertebral augmentation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the category and its clinical value of extravertebral cement leakage complicated by percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  After collecting clinical data of 56 patients underwent surgery of PVP or PKP between August 2001 and March 2005, extravertebral cement leakage was classified according to anatomical position, and its clinical value was analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen vertebraes presented cement leakage in all 43 vertebraes in PVP group. There were 15 vertebraes with one-place leakage, 6 vertebraes with perivertebral leakage, 5 spinal canal leakage, 2 intraforaminal leakage, 1 intradical leakage and 1 paravertebral soft tissues leakage respectively among them; and there were 3 vertebraes with two-place leakage. Four vertebraes presented cement leakage in all 22 vertebraes in PKP group. All 4 vertebraes had one-place leakage including 2 vertebraes with perivertebral leakage, 1 spinal canal leakage and 1 intraforaminal leakage. Five patients with cement leakage presented new symptoms including peritoneal irritation signs and spinal cord or nerve root injury, 3 patients recovered after conservative treatment, whereas the other 2 patients need decompression surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The types of perivertebral leakage and spinal canal leakage are common among extravertebral cement leakage followed by percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. The minority of patients with cement leakage presents new symptoms, and the majority of them has the same therapeutic effect except patients with spinal canal leakage on one day after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325027, China.
authors.forename: Wen-fei
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Yong-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hua-zi
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qi-shan
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fang-min
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000145:classification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements