title: An inverse agonist selective for alpha5 subunit-containing GABAA receptors improves encoding and recall but not consolidation in the Morris water maze.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compounds selective for the GABAA receptors containing an alpha5 subunit have been reported to enhance performance in the hippocampally mediated delayed-matching-to-position version of the Morris water maze, in which reduction in the time required to find a hidden platform relative to an initial trial is used as an index of learning and memory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we have used one such compound, alpha5IA-II, to examine whether these effects occur during the encoding, consolidation or recall phases of this paradigm.
  
  
  METHODS
  alpha5IA-II was administered in the absence or presence of the benzodiazepine site antagonist flumazenil, so as to limit its action to periods associated with encoding, consolidation and recall. Drug doses and timings of administrations were defined using occupancy data derived from an in vivo [3H]flumazenil binding assay. Similar experiments were carried out to study the memory-disruptive properties of chlordiazepoxide (CDP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trial 1 to trial 2 difference was increased when alpha5IA-II was given before either trial 1 or trial 2, indicating an effect on the encoding and recall phases, respectively, of learning and memory. Conversely, alpha5IA-II had no effect on performance when given immediately after trial 1, suggesting that it had no effect on the consolidation phase. In contrast to the facilitation of performance produced by the alpha5-selective inverse agonist alpha5IA-II given during the encoding and recall but not the consolidation phase, the non-selective agonist CDP impaired performance when given during the encoding and recall phases, whilst having no effect on the consolidation phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data further highlight the cognition-enhancing properties of GABAA alpha5-selective inverse agonists and define the functional specificity of these effects in terms of encoding and recall processes in the Morris water maze.
authors.affiliation: Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Harlow,, Essex, CM20 2QR, UK. neil_collinson@fsmail.net
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Collinson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Atack
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laughton
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005442:Flumazenil / Q000494:pharmacology; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D018757:GABA Modulators; D058785:GABA-A Receptor Agonists; C511535:Gabra5 protein, rat; D011725:Pyridines; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; C510446:alpha5IA-II; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D005442:Flumazenil