title: Multiple motor effects of ATP and their inhibition by P purinoceptor antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid in the small intestine of the guinea-pig.
abstract: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) may be an important neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study examined the motor effects of exogenous ATP on longitudinally-oriented preparations of the guinea-pig isolated ileum and the influence of drugs on the ATP-induced responses. High micromolar concentrations of ATP caused two types of contraction, a phasic, cholinergic response and a tonic, tetrodotoxin-resistant contraction. The phasic contraction was reduced by hexamethonium (5x10(-5) M), but left uninfluenced by capsaicin tachyphylaxis or tachyphylaxis to alpha,beta-methylene ATP. The tonic response was resistant to atropine, hexamethonium, capsaicin, omega-conotoxin GVIA, or pretreatment with alpha,beta-methylene ATP. Both types of ATP-induced contraction were diminished or abolished by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS, 3x10(-6) and 3x10(-5) M, respectively). In the precontracted, atropine-treated ileum ATP (10(-6)-10(-4) M) caused guanethidine-resistant relaxation. This response was not influenced by tetrodotoxin, omega-conotoxin GVIA, or NG-nitro-L-arginine, but was abolished by apamin (10(-7) M), and inhibited by PPADS (3x10(-5) M) or reactive blue 2 (10(-5) M), in a surmountable manner. A high degree of tachyphylaxis was observed with the relaxant effect of ATP (10(-5)-10(-4) M). A high concentration (3x10(-4) M) of PPADS failed to influence ileum contractions to exogenous acetylcholine or histamine. It is concluded that, in addition to its direct contractile action in the guinea-pig ileum, ATP can activate (partly preganglionic) cholinergic neurones, an effect whose mechanism is largely different from that of alpha,beta-methylene ATP. ATP also causes relaxation by a direct, probably P2Y-receptor-mediated effect on the smooth muscle. All motor effects of ATP are inhibited by the antagonist PPADS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Division of Pharmacodynamics, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary. Lorand.Bartho@aok.pte.hu
authors.forename: Lorand
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barthó
authors.forename: Sarolta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Undi
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benkó
authors.forename: Matyas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Zsofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lázár
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lénárd
authors.forename: Carlo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Maggi
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; C077792:pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D001285:Atropine; D006632:Histamine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000109:Acetylcholine