title: Efficacy of ablative high-dose-per-fraction radiation for implanted human renal cell cancer in a nude mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a new therapeutic paradigm that uses a very large dose per fraction treatments (ablative hypofractionation). We investigated the use of ablative hypofractionation in treating human renal cell carcinoma using a nude mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nude mice were injected subcutaneously with A498 human renal carcinoma cells. Tumour-bearing animals were radiated with three fractions (one per week) for a total dose of 48 Gy (n = 12), while untreated animals served as controls (n = 7). The mice were weighed, and tumour volumes were measured at baseline and weekly until 7 weeks post-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control animals demonstrated progressive tumour growth and were sacrificed because of either tumour size or ulceration. Tumours in the treatment group grew to three times their initial size over the 3 weeks of treatment but subsequently decreased progressively to less than 30% of their initial volume. All treated tumours exhibited marked cytologic changes. Tumours from mice sacrificed before post-treatment week 4 had a mitotic count of 1-4/10 hpf. Tumours from mice sacrificed more than 4 weeks post-treatment (n = 4) demonstrated no mitoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with high-dose-per-fraction radiation to 48 Gy resulted in a sustained decrease in tumour volume and marked cytologic changes. These results are preliminary--but promising--and encourage further research into this application of ablative hypofractionated radiation for kidney cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9110, USA.
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stanfield
authors.forename: L Chinsoo
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Cheng-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Wareef
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kabbani
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
authors.forename: Jer-Tsong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Hak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage