title: Upgrade of a single chamber endo-epicardial to a triple chamber biventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
abstract: In patients with heart failure implanted with conventional pacemakers, cardiac resynchronization therapy results in significant benefits. The upgrade of previously implanted devices to biventricular pacing may be technically challenging. We report one case of upgrade to biventricular pacing and describe the related technical implications and the therapeutic solutions adopted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. occhetta@r-j.it
authors.forename: Eraldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Occhetta
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bortnik
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pasin
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male