title: Inhibition of MHC class II gene expression in uveal melanoma cells is due to methylation of the CIITA gene or an upstream activator.
abstract: Most cells with an intact interferon-gamma receptor and signaling pathway are able to express MHC class II molecules when treated with cytokines such as interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-a. Interestingly, primary uveal melanocytes and most ocular melanoma cells are resistant to interferon-gamma mediated induction of class II MHC genes. This unusual phenotype is hypothesized to be germane to the immune-privileged status to the eye. Via a series of experiments, we have probed the molecular basis of this class II MHC resistant phenotype. We have analyzed the methylation status of the gene encoding the class II transactivator (CIITA), and asked whether treatment of class II MHC resistant ocular melanoma cells with the demethylating agent 5'-azacytidine can restore interferon-gamma inducibility of these class II MHC genes in these cells. The data obtained suggest that the specific blockade in cytokine-induced class II MHC gene expression is due to a suppression of the gene encoding the class II transactivator (CIITA). Treatment with 5' azacytidine restores the ability of these cells to express class II MHC genes upon interferon-gamma treatment. Whilst this is reminiscent of what occurs in another immune-privileged tissue--the placental trophoblast--we show here that silencing of the CIITA gene in uveal melanocytes either involves methylation of distinct nucleotides from those detected in trophoblasts, or involves an upstream activator of CIITA gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology and Child Health and Moorfields Eye Hospital, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radosevich
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Santa Jeremy
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D001374:Azacitidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D005123:Eye / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C083728:MHC class II transactivator protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001374:Azacitidine