title: Identification and estrogenic characterization of impurities in commercial bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE).
abstract: A sample of commercial BADGE was fractioned by HPLC and eight impurities including novel propyl derivatives (2), (5) and (6) were identified by NMR spectrometry, FAB-MS and GC-MS. The estrogenicity, both agonist and antagonist, of fractions containing these impurities was measured with a yeast two-hybrid assay incorporating the human (hER alpha) and a competitive binding assay for hER alpha (ELISA). In the yeast two-hybrid assay, estrogenic antagonist activity was found in two fractions, while estrogenic agonist activity was not found in any. In the ELISA method, the binding affinity to hER alpha was found in three fractions. It is probable that a comprehensive assessment of the estrogenic properties of commercial BADGE, and their implications for human health, will require examination of all its components as described here.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka, Japan. terasaki@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazama
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination; D018857:Food Packaging; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002273:Carcinogens; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; C019273:bisphenol A diglycidyl ether; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds