Genetics of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein AI and premature coronary artery disease.
Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) predict premature coronary artery disease, as do elevated levels of apolipoprotein B or reduced levels of apolipoprotein AI. Probands were studied of families with common genetic forms of dyslipidaemia to determine if apo B or apo AI define genetic groups and if apo B or apo AI levels relate to premature coronary artery disease risk. Elevated apo B was characteristic of familial hypercholesterolaemia, familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL), and was seen in individuals with elevated Lp(a). Normal apo B levels were seen in familial hypertriglyceridaemia and in 'coronary artery disease with low-HDL cholesterol'. Apo AI levels tended to be low in FCHL and were decreased in 'coronary disease with low-HDL cholesterol'. In familial hypertriglyceraemia, even though HDL-C levels were low, normal apo AI and apo B levels were seen in the absence of premature coronary artery disease. Therefore, in genetic dyslipidaemias elevated apo B levels and reduced apo AI levels (or increased apo B/AI ratio) differ and predict premature coronary artery disease.
Zambon
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A
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6426, USA.
Brown
B G
BG
Deeb
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Brunzell
J D
JD
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D006950:Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006953:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood
D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL