title: Relation of gallbladder function and Helicobacter pylori infection to gastric mucosa inflammation in patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory alterations of the gastric mucosa are commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. However, the additional pathogenetic role of an impaired gallbladder function leading to an increased alkaline duodenogastric reflux is controversially discussed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation of gallbladder function and Hp infection to gastric mucosa inflammation in patients with symptomatic gallstones prior to cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three patients with symptomatic gallstones were studied by endoscopy and Hp testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastritis classification was performed according to the updated Sydney System and gallbladder function was determined by total lipid concentration of gallbladder bile collected during mainly laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients revealed no, 39 patients mild, and 19 moderate to marked gastritis. No significant differences for bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, or total lipids in gallbladder bile were found between these three groups of patients. However, while only 1 out of 54 (<2%) patients with mild or no gastritis was found histologically positive for Hp, this infection could be detected in 14 (74%) out of 19 patients with moderate to marked gastritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate to marked gastric mucosa inflammation in gallstone patients is mainly caused by Hp infection, whereas gallbladder function is not related to the degree of gastritis. Thus, an increased alkaline duodenogastric reflux in gallstone patients seems to be of limited pathophysiological relevance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stathopoulos
authors.forename: Benedikta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zundt
authors.forename: Fritz W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Spelsberg
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kolligs
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Diebold
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goke
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jungst
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D041761:Cholecystolithiasis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric