Municipal-wastewater treatment using upflow-anaerobic filters.
Three 12.5-L upflow-anaerobic filters (AF), with ceramic-saddle, plastic-ring, and crushed-stone packing, were used to evaluate the sustained treatment of municipal wastewater. The reactors were initially fed dogfood-fortified wastewater and then raw municipal wastewater, and operated at 25.4 degrees C (32 months) and 15.5 degrees C (2 months). During 23 months, the AF units treated municipal wastewater (mean chemical oxygen demand [COD] 442 mg/L and total suspended solids [TSS] 247 mg/L), the hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranged from 3.1 to 0.30 d (empty bed), and the organic loading rate ranged from 0.115 to 1.82 kg COD/m3d. At the higher temperature and an HRT (void volume) of 1.0 d, COD and TSS removals ranged from 74 to 79% and 95 to 96%, respectively; however, efficiencies declined substantially at HRT values less than 0.4 d. Reactor performance, under the same hydraulic and organic loadings, deteriorated with time and was adversely affected by lower temperature.
Manariotis
loannis D
lD
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Patras, Greece.
Grigoropoulos
Sotirios G
SG
D000693:Anaerobiosis; D018441:Biofilms; D019149:Bioreactors; D002947:Cities; D005374:Filtration; D006798:Housing; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014872:Water Movements
D007220:Industrial Waste; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012722:Sewage; D010100:Oxygen