title: Elevated TGF-beta1 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with primary lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is one of numerous inhibitory factors produced by cancer cells that regulate antitumor immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate TGF-beta1 levels and lymphocyte subsets in the broncholaveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with primary lung cancer and to analyze the interdependence of these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALF samples were collected from 38 patients with primary lung cancer prior to treatment and from 23 healthy volunteers. Concentrations of TGF-beta1 were measured in two independent lots of samples using a commercially available sandwich ELISA kit after concentration of the supernatants. Differential cell counts in the BALF were performed on slides stained with the May Grünwald Giemsa method. Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies was applied for lymphocyte phenotyping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher level of TGF-beta1 in the BALF of patients compared with the healthy subjects was observed in both lots of samples (3.23+/-2.96 pg/ml vs. 1.05+/-0.95 pg/ml, p<0.05, and 16.1+/-19.3 pg/ml vs. 10.1+/-11.1 pg/m,, respectively, difference not significant). There was significant positive correlation of the TGF-beta1 level with the proportion of lymphocytes and negative correlation with both the proportion of macrophages and the percentage of cytotoxic and activated T lymphocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings confirmed that TGF-beta takes part in the local response in the course of primary lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumonology, Warsaw Medical Academy, Banacha 1a, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland. jokula@amwaw.edu.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Domagała-Kulawik
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoser
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Safianowska
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grubek-Jaworska
authors.forename: Ryszarda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chazan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1