title: A prospective randomized study of posterolateral lumbar fusion using osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) versus local autograft with ceramic bone substitute: emphasis of surgical exploration and histologic assessment.
abstract: METHODS
  A prospective, randomized and controlled study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the osteoinductive property of Osteogenic Protein-1 (OP-1 or BMP-7) and fusion rate in human instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion through radiographic examination, surgical exploration, and histologic assessment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The use of osteoinductive agents is a current topic in spinal fusion. Numerous preclinical investigations have demonstrated efficacy of osteoinductive proteins in spinal fusion, but few human clinical studies have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with L3-L4 or L4-L5 degenerative spondylolisthesis underwent posterolateral lumbar fusion using pedicle screw instrumentation. The patients were randomized to receive either OP-1 Putty (3.5 mg OP-1/g of collagen matrix per side) alone (n = 9), or local autograft with HA-TCP granules (n = 10). Fusion status was evaluated using plain radiography and CT scan. Radiographic fusion criteria included less than 5 degrees of angular motion, less than 2 mm of translation, and evidence of bridging bone in the posterolateral lumbar area in which the graft materials were placed following decortication. After a minimum 1-year follow-up, the patients who showed radiographic evidence of fusion underwent instrumentation removal and surgical exploration of the fusion site. Biopsy specimens were taken from the fusion mass and evaluated histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiographic fusion rate was 7 of 9 OP-1 patients and 9 of 10 control patients. Based on surgical exploration of these 16 patients, new bone formation was macroscopically observed in the posterolateral lumbar region in all cases; however, solid fusion was observed in 4 of 7OP-1 and 7 of 9 HA-TCP/autograft patients. Histologic assessment demonstrated viable bone in 6 of 7 OP-1 patients. All the control (HA-TCP/autograft) specimens contained viable bone and fibrous tissue surrounding ceramic granules, suggesting slow incorporation of the graft material.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a human posterolateral lumbar spine trial, OP-1 reliably induced viable amounts of new bone formation, but the fusion success rate evaluated by surgical exploration was only 4 of 7.
authors.affiliation: Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan. mkanayama@aol.com
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigenobu
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamane
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Togawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001863:Bone Screws; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002516:Ceramics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes