title: The cutaneous innervation of the dorsal hand: detailed anatomy with clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the cutaneous innervation to the dorsal surface of the hand is valuable information. Because surgical access to the wrist often is obtained via the dorsal skin it would be helpful particularly to delineate an area where surgical incisions would not injure underlying nerves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty cadaver forearms were dissected carefully to examine in detail the anatomy of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, the superficial branch of the radial nerve, and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve. Each hand then was evaluated for an area free of any major nerve branches over the dorsal wrist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the innervation to the dorsal hand varies certain patterns exist. The innervation pattern between the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve is distributed evenly, dual innervation is frequent between the 2 nerves, and the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve is a common contributor to the innervation of the thumb. The superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve have identifiable branching patterns and have been classified according to a system developed for this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two classification systems based on detailed dorsal hand cutaneous innervation patterns can be used to specify the placement of a safe dorsal skin incision away from major nerve branches.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikolis
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002102:Cadaver; D005205:Fascia / Q000294:innervation; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*