title: [A/G polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of CTLA-4 gene in Chinese women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether A/G polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene confers the susceptibility to unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-eight restrictive Chinese women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and 117 women with normal pregnancy as control were included in this study. Polymerase chain reaction restrictive fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect the polymorphism at position 49 in exon 1 of CTLA-4 gene. The frequency of alleles G/A, genotypes AA/AG/GG and phenotypes A+ (AA + AG)/G+ (GG + AG) of CTLA-4 were compared between URSA patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The different distributions of alleles G/A, genotype AA/AG/GG and phenotypes A+/G+ of CTLA-4 were observed between URSA patients and controls. The frequencies of both G allele [68.4% (230/336) vs 59.4% (139/234), P < 0.05] and GG genotype [48.8% (82/168) vs 33.3% (39/117), P < 0.05] were significantly higher in URSA group than that in control group, while the frequencies of AG genotype [39.3% (66/168) vs 52.1% (61/117), P < 0.05] and A+ (AA + AG) phenotype [51.2% (86/168) vs 66.7% (78/117), P < 0.05] were significantly lower in URSA group than that in control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that A/G polymorphism in exon-1 of CTLA-4 might confer the susceptibility to RSA in Chinese women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
authors.forename: Xi-peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qi-de
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zheng-wen
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ai-min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Di
authors.forename: Pei-hua
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D002681:China; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human