title: Inhibition of protein kinase c-Src reduces the incidence of breast cancer metastases and increases survival in mice: implications for therapy.
abstract: c-Src is a proto-oncogene, belonging to the nonreceptor protein kinases family, which plays a prominent role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that c-Src could promote breast cancer metastasis acting on several cell types and that pharmacological disruption of its kinase activity could be beneficial for the treatment of metastases. Female BALB/c-nu/nu mice were subjected to intracardiac injection of the human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231), which induced prominent bone and visceral metastases. These were pharmacologically reduced by treatment with the c-Src inhibitor [7-{4-[2-(2-methoxy-ethylamino-ethoxy]-phenyl}-5-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamine] CGP76030 (100 mg/kg/day p.o.), resulting in decreased morbidity and lethality. Metastases were more severe in mice injected with MDA-231 cells stably transfected with wild-type c-Src (MDA-231-SrcWT), whereas transfection in injected cells of a c-Src kinase-dead dominant-negative construct (MDA-231-SrcDN) resulted in reduced morbidity, lethality, and incidence of metastases similar to the mice treated with the inhibitor. An analogous beneficial effect of c-Src inhibition was observed in subcutaneous and intratibial implanted tumors. In vitro, c-Src suppression reduced MDA-231 cell aggressiveness. It also impaired osteoclast bone resorption both directly and by reducing expression by osteoblasts of the osteoclastogenic cytokines interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6, whereas parathyroid hormone-related peptide was not implicated. c-Src was also modestly but consistently involved in the enhancement of endothelial cell proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, we propose that c-Src disruption affects the metastatic process and thus is a therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Via Vetoio-Coppito 2, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Recchia
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angelucci
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alamanou
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Fattore
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fortunati
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Susa
authors.forename: Doriano
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fabbro
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bologna
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015996:Survival Rate; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: C472714:CGP 76030; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C