title: A correlation of FTIR spectra derived from prostate cancer biopsies with gleason grade and tumour stage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We introduce biochemistry as a second dimension to Gleason grading, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. For the first time, we correlate FTIR spectra derived from prostate cancer (pCA) tissue with Gleason score and the clinical stage of the tumour at time of biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial sections from paraffin-embedded pCA tissue were collected. One was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gleason scored; FTIR spectra were collected from malignant locations using a second unstained section. FTIR spectra, representing different Gleason grades, were used to construct a diagnostic classifier for pCA using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This model was blind tested using 383 IR spectra from 36 biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a three-band Gleason criteria, we obtained sensitivity of > or =70% for the FTIR-LDA model to predict Gleason <7,=7, and >7, with specificities of > or =81%. Using a threshold of Gleason/FTIR-LDA score of > or =8, we obtained a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 67%, respectively, for the correlation with metastatic tumours using the FTIR-LDA system and 85% and 63%, respectively, for the correlation of metastatic tumours using the Gleason system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a correlation between tissue architecture using Gleason score with tissue biochemistry using FTIR-LDA. Both systems are similar in their performance in predicting metastatic behaviour in tumours from individual patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. EGazi@picr.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazi
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Lockyer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Jonathan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.forename: Roy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.forename: Claire A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Noel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*