title: Generation of IL-8 and TNF-alpha in platelet concentrates during storage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet transfusion is accompanied by febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. The generation of cytokines (like IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha) in platelet concentrates by white cells is suggested to be responsible for febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. The number of white cells in the platelet concentrates is crucial to cytokine generation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed to determine whether WBC reduction in platelet concentrates by prestorage leukodepletion filters or inactivation by gamma radiation reduced the levels of these cytokines during storage for 3 days. Each of the platelet concentrates (n = 54) was prepared from a single random donor by platelet-rich plasma. This was then divided into four groups: 1) unfiltered, nonirradiated random-donner platelet concentrates (n = 13); 2) unfiltered, gamma-irradiated random-donner platelet concentrates (n = 16); 3) filtered, nonirradiated random-donner platelet concentrates (n = 14); and 4) filtered, gamma-irradiated random-donner platelet concentrates (n = 11). Cytokine levels in platelet concentrates supernatants were measured by ELISA kits according to the manufacturer's recommendations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that IL-8 was detected in unfiltered, nonirradiated, and gamma-irradiated random-donner platelet concentrates but not in the filtered random-donner platelet concentrates. TNF-alpha was only detected in unfiltered, nonirradiated units. Compared with unfiltered platelet concentrates, prestorage filtration prevented a rise in the IL-8 and TNF-alpha on day 3 of storage. The concentration of IL-1 beta was lower than the minimum concentration value of the kit used for this purpose. IL-6 was detected only in 7 units of all filtered platelet concentrates on day 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that gamma irradiation can not prevent generation of IL-8 in platelet concentrates during storage, but prestorage leukoreduction of platelet concentrates can prevent accumulation of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha during storage.
authors.affiliation: Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Research Center, Tehran, Iran. shaiegan@ibto.ir
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaiegan
authors.forename: Ali-Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pourfatollah
authors.forename: Mehrnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namiri
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Babaee
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D017713:Platelet Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha