title: Changes in cervical nitric oxide concentration correlate with Bishop score and cervical length modifications in prostaglandin E2-mediated induction of labor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nitric oxide (NO) plays a fundamental role in cervical ripening and it is synthesized in the human cervix. We studied the effect of the dinoprostone on cervical NO release in pregnant women, and we investigated the relationship between cervical NO metabolites, cervical length, and Bishop score.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven women underwent induction of labor at > or = 37 weeks of gestation, due to post-term pregnancy (23.8%), oligohydramnios (36.3) or preeclampsia (29.9%). Cervical fluid samples for NO metabolites (NOx), Bishop score, and cervical length were assessed immediately before (time 0 [T0]) and 6 hours after (T6) the local application of dinoprostone, a commercially available prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analog.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patients' age was 34 +/- 3.2 years, mean gestational age at enrollment was 284 +/- 9.2 days, and nulliparous represented 31.2% of the study population. At time 0, Bishop score was less than 4 in 74% (57/77) of the subjects, mean cervical length was 28.6 +/- 5.8 mm, mean NOx concentration was 208.6 +/- 103.8 microM/mL; 6 hours later, at T6, the mean cervical length decreased to 19.5 +/- 8.8 mm, and the mean NOx concentration increased up to 316.7 +/- 240.9 microM/mL. Data were unaffected by parity or by regular uterine contraction patterns. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between changes in cervical NOx levels and Bishop score modification (P < .01; r = .494), as well as between the modification of NO metabolites concentration and cervical shortening (P < .01; r = .307).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostaglandin (PG)-induced cervical ripening is associated with local NO release. NO plays an active role in cervical remodeling since it positively correlates with both cervical shortening and Bishop score increase. NO oxide and PG are the two pathways that, cross activating each other, trigger the cascade of events responsible of cervical ripening.
authors.affiliation: Mother-Infant Department, Modena Policlinico Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiossi
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verocchi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venturini
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Facchinetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020070:Cervical Ripening / Q000502:physiology*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D015232:Dinoprostone