title: Is IV tissue plasminogen activator beneficial in patients with hyperdense artery sign?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in patients with hyperdense artery sign (HAS) on initial CT scan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors determined the differential effect of IV rt-PA (0.9 mg/kg) in patients with HAS by testing the interaction of rt-PA and HAS in a logistic regression model after adjusting for age, sex, initial NIH Stroke Scale score (NIHSSS), time to randomization, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose, body temperature, and rt-PA in 616 patients treated within 3 hours of symptom onset. Outcomes evaluated included intracranial hemorrhage, modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-1, Barthel Index (BI) of > or = 95, Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 0-1, NIHSSS 0-1, and death at 90 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HAS was detected on the initial CT scan in 91 (15%) of the 616 patients by an independent neuroradiologist. Significantly lower rates of mRS 0-1, BI > or = 95, GOS of 0-1, or NIHSSS 0-1 at 90 days were observed among patients with HAS. IV rt-PA significantly increased the rates of mRS 0-1, BI > or = 95, GOS of 0-1, or NIHSSS 0-1 at 90 days after adjusting for potential confounders without any significant modifying effect (interaction) of HAS. Among the 91 patients with HAS, rt-PA use demonstrated a trend or significance for increased adjusted rates of favorable outcomes by mRS (p = 0.04), BI (p = 0.1), GOS (p = 0.03), and NIHSSS (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although hyperdense artery sign is associated with poor outcome, IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator may be beneficial in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Division, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA. aiqureshi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ezzeddine
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasar
authors.forename: M F K
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kirmani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janjua
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Divani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator