title: Muscle adiposity and body fat distribution in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: varying relationships according to diabetes type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the relationships between markers of total and regional adiposity with muscle fat infiltration in type 1 diabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects and their respective nondiabetic controls, and to document these relationships in type 1 diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 86 healthy, with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes or control subjects. Each diabetic group was matched for age, sex and body mass index with its respective nondiabetic control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of body composition (hydrodensitometry), fat distribution (waist circumference, abdominal and mid-thigh computed tomography scans) and blood lipid profiles were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low attenuation mid-thigh muscle surface correlated similarly with markers of adiposity and body composition in all groups, regardless of diabetes status, except for visceral adipose tissue and waist circumference. Indeed, relationships between visceral adiposity and muscle adiposity were significantly stronger in type 2 vs type 1 diabetic subjects (P<0.05 for comparison of slopes). In addition, in well-controlled type 1 diabetic subjects (mean HbA(1c) of 6.8%), daily insulin requirements tended to correlate with low attenuation mid-thigh muscle surface, a specific component of fat-rich muscle (r=0.36, P=0.08), but not with glycemic control (HbA(1c)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that the relationship of central adiposity and muscle adiposity is modulated by diabetes status and is stronger in the insulin resistant diabetes type (type 2 diabetes). In well-controlled nonobese type 1 diabetic subjects, the relationship between muscle fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity was also maintained.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Endocrinology, Laval University, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dubé
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Joanisse
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prud'homme
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérusse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weisnagel
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013848:Thigh / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids