title: Does the additional use of heparin-coated extracorporeal circuits (ECC) optimize the effect of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) in pediatric perfusion?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modified ultrafiltration (MUF) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on the coagulation system and the capillary leak after pediatric cardiac surgery using extracorporeal circulation (ECC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the additional use of heparin-coated circuits is a useful option for improving biocompatibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 28 children, using heparin-coated ECC circuits in group A (n = 14) and an uncoated equivalent set in group B (n = 14). After congenital heart surgery, MUF was performed post ECC in a standardized fashion. Blood samples were analyzed preoperatively, 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 48 h after ECC by flow cytometric analysis (FACSort) using surface antigens CD62/CD41b (platelets) and CD45/CD14 (monocytes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was found with respect to mean age (20.6 months vs. 21.6 months), mean body weight (9.2 kg vs. 8.4 kg), mean ultrafiltration rate (9.1 ml/kg vs. 11.4 ml/kg), chest tube drainage, blood products, ICU stay, and 30-d survival. The percentage of CD62/CD41-positive platelets in group A (vs. B) increased up to 118 % at 60 min vs. 130 % ( P < 0.05) and declined to 98 % at 48 h postop. vs. 99 % (n. s.). The percentage of CD45/CD14-positive monocytes in group A (vs. B) increased up to 158 % at 60 min vs. 155 % (n. s.) and declined to 122 % (A) at 48 h postop. vs. 61 % (B) ( P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heparin coating of ECC in addition to MUF leads to a lower platelet activation. Monocyte surface markers CD45 and CD14 indicated a marked activation during ECC in both groups but additional heparin coating showed a better postoperative regeneration of monocyte markers in the late course indicating a beneficial additive effect.
authors.affiliation: Center of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. frank.harig@herz.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harig
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hakami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bretzger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vestweber-Wilmes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weyand
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cesnjevar
mesh_terms: D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation / Q000379:methods*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010477:Perfusion; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015415:Biomarkers; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006493:Heparin