title: Expression of chemokine receptors predicts the site of metastatic relapse in patients with axillary node positive primary breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have suggested that chemokine receptors are involved in development of organ-specific pattern of metastases. In the present study, we evaluated the association between the chemokine receptors expressed in primary tumor cells and the site of metastatic relapse in patients with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary tumors were obtained from 142 patients with axillary node-positive breast cancer and stained for CX3CR1, CXCR4, CCR6, and CCR7 expression. All statistical analyses were adjusted for systemic post-operative treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 13 years, none of the chemokine receptors was associated with overall survival or disease free survival. However, expression of chemokine receptors was found to be associated with increased risk of relapse in certain organs. By estimating the Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios (OR), CXCR4 was associated with increased risk of metastasis to the liver (OR = 3.71, P = 0.005), CX3CR1 was associated with metastasis to the brain (OR = 13.18, P = 0.01). Patients with CCR6 positivity were more likely to develop a first metastasis in the pleura (OR = 2.82, P = 0.06). In addition, CCR7 expression was associated with the occurrence of skin metastases (11% versus 0%, P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of chemokine receptors in the primary tumor predicts the site of metastatic relapse in patients with axillary node positive breast cancer. This study, in concordance with the data obtained in animal models, suggests that the chemokine receptors family could be the biological support of the 'seed and soil' theory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Translational Research Unit UPRES03535, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. fandre@igr.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cabioglu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Assi
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sabourin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delaloge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Broglio
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Combadiere
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucana
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofanilli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000032:analysis*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D012008:Recurrence; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen