title: Interaction between Helicobacter pylori infection and untreated coeliac disease on gastric histological pattern.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Helicobacter pylori infection is the major agent of gastric damage. Coeliac disease may affect the morphology and function of the entire gastrointestinal tract from the stomach to the colon. The aim of this study was to assess the gastric histological pattern in patients with H. pylori and untreated coeliac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively enrolled 183 H. pylori-positive patients with (85, group A) and without (98, group B) untreated coeliac disease. The groups were similar for age, gender and smoking habit, and all the patients came from the same geographical area. Histological evaluation of gastric pattern was performed on 4 biopsies (2 in the antrum, 2 in the corpus). Gastric damage was classified according to the modified Sydney System. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection was based on positivity to histology. The chi-square test was used to assess differences between groups. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group A showed a significantly higher prevalence of follicular gastritis than group B (23.5% versus 12.2%, p=0.045). A significantly lower prevalence of atrophic gastritis was observed in group A compared with that in group B (6% versus 22.5%, p=0.002). The prevalence of chronic superficial gastritis, activity degree and intestinal metaplasia was similar between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with H. pylori infection, untreated coeliac disease could represent a risk factor for follicular gastritis and is associated with a lower prevalence of atrophic gastritis. The complex interaction between H. pylori and untreated coeliac disease on Th-1/Th-2 balance in the gastric mucosa could explain these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santarelli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoliquido
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuoco
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazzato
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candelli
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Celestino Nista
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Lorenzo
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gentiloni Silveri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pola
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasbarrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking