title: Computer-aided vs. tutor-delivered teaching of exposure therapy for phobia/panic: randomized controlled trial with pre-registration nursing students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exposure therapy is effective for phobic anxiety disorders (specific phobias, agoraphobia, social phobia) and panic disorder. Despite their high prevalence in the community, sufferers often get no treatment or if they do, it is usually after a long delay. This is largely due to the scarcity of healthcare professionals trained in exposure therapy, which is due, in part, to the high cost of training. Traditional teaching methods employed are labour intensive, being based mainly on role-play in small groups with feedback and coaching from experienced trainers. In an attempt to increase knowledge and skills in exposure therapy, there is now some interest in providing relevant teaching as part of pre-registration nurse education. Computers have been developed to teach terminology and simulate clinical scenarios for health professionals, and offer a potentially cost effective alternative to traditional teaching methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether student nurses would learn about exposure therapy for phobia/panic as well by computer-aided self-instruction as by face-to-face teaching, and to compare the individual and combined effects of two educational methods, traditional face-to-face teaching comprising a presentation with discussion and questions/answers by a specialist cognitive behaviour nurse therapist, and a computer-aided self-instructional programme based on a self-help programme for patients with phobia/panic called FearFighter, on students' knowledge, skills and satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial, with a crossover, completed in 2 consecutive days over a period of 4h per day.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-two mental health pre-registration nursing students, of mixed gender, age and ethnic origin, with no previous training in cognitive behaviour therapy studying at one UK university.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two teaching methods led to similar improvements in knowledge and skills, and to similar satisfaction, when used alone. Using them in tandem conferred no added benefit. Computer-aided self-instruction was more efficient as it saved teacher preparation and delivery time, and needed no specialist tutor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer-aided self-instruction saved almost all preparation time and delivery effort for the expert teacher. When added to past results in medical students, the present results in nurses justify the use of computer-aided self-instruction for learning about exposure therapy and phobia/panic and of research into its value for other areas of health education.
authors.affiliation: King's College London, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing & Midwifery, London, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gega
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate / Q000379:methods*; D004510:Education, Nursing, Diploma Programs / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007171:Implosive Therapy / Q000193:education*; D008131:London; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors