title: Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of docetaxel are enhanced by genistein through regulation of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK)/RANK ligand/MMP-9 signaling in prostate cancer.
abstract: Bone metastasis is very common in advanced prostate cancer. Docetaxel has been shown to improve survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, treatment with docetaxel is associated with a certain degree of toxicity. Genistein, derived from soybeans, has been found to inhibit cancer cell growth without toxicity. We have recently reported that genistein could potentiate the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents both in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism of this novel effect of genistein has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we found that genistein significantly potentiated the antitumor, anti-invasive, and antimetastatic activities of docetaxel both in culture and in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)-human model of experimental prostate cancer bone metastasis. We further conducted microarray analysis, real-time reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot analysis, small interfering RNA and cDNA transfection, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity assay, and invasion assay. We found that the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) was induced by genistein and inhibited by docetaxel, whereas genistein significantly down-regulated the expression and secretion of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and inhibited osteoclast formation. Moreover, genistein down-regulated the expression and activity of MMP-9, which was induced by docetaxel treatment, and inhibited invasion of PC-3 cells. These results suggest that the observed potentiation of antitumor activity of docetaxel by genistein in the SCID-human model of experimental bone metastasis could be mediated by regulation of OPG/RANK/RANKL/MMP-9 signaling, resulting in the inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption and prostate cancer bone metastasis. From these results, we conclude that genistein could be a promising nontoxic agent to improve the treatment outcome of metastatic prostate cancer with docetaxel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kucuk
authors.forename: Maha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cher
authors.forename: Fazlul H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000077143:Docetaxel; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D019833:Genistein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D043823:Taxoids; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C506031:Tnfrsf11b protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D000077143:Docetaxel; D019833:Genistein; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9