title: A new technique to assess dermal absorption of volatile chemicals in vitro by thermal gravimetric analysis.
abstract: Potential health hazards of dermal exposure, variability in reported dermal absorption rates and potential losses from the skin by evaporation indicate a need for a simple, inexpensive and standardized procedure to measure dermal absorption and desorption of chemical substances. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility to measure dermal absorption and desorption of volatile chemicals using a new gravimetric technique, namely thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and trypsinated stratum corneum from pig. Changes in skin weight were readily detected before, during and after exposure to vapours of water, 2-propanol, methanol and toluene. The shape and height of the weight curves differed between the four chemicals, reflecting differences in diffusivity and partial pressure and skin:air partitioning, respectively. As the skin weight is highly sensitive to the partial pressure of volatile chemicals, including water, this technique requires carefully controlled conditions with respect to air flow, temperature, chemical vapour generation and humidity. This new technique may help in the assessment of dermal uptake of volatile chemicals. Only a small piece of skin is needed and skin integrity is not necessary, facilitating the use of human samples. The high resolution weight-time curves obtained may also help to elucidate the characteristics of absorption, desorption and diffusion of chemicals in skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Environment Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. matias.rauma@ki.se
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauma
authors.forename: Tina S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Isaksson
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johanson
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D006801:Humans; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D013818:Thermogravimetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene; D019840:2-Propanol; D000432:Methanol