title: Depression symptoms predict heart rate recovery after treadmill stress testing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning may help to explain the relationship between depression and cardiac mortality. Heart rate (HR) recovery after the cessation of a treadmill stress test assesses ANS functioning and predicts mortality. This study examined the relationship between depression symptoms and HR recovery among patients entering phase II cardiac rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixty patients were assessed at the time of their enrollment in cardiac rehabilitation. Patients completed a ramped-protocol treadmill stress test, providing an assessment of exercise capacity and HR recovery at 2 minutes post exercise. Depression symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory. Other medical information was obtained by chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with higher Beck Depression Inventory scores exhibited slower HR recovery after exercise. This remained true after controlling for age, sex, and beta-blocker usage. Controlling for exercise capacity rendered the relationship between depression score and HR recovery non significant, suggesting that exercise capacity may partly account for this relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm that depression is characterized by dysregulation of the ANS and implicate impaired exercise capacity as a potential mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA. jhughes1@kent.edu
authors.forename: Joel W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Faith
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luyster
authors.forename: Vicki H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Doe
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Waechter
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosneck
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Josephson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales