Acetic acid activates hepatic AMPK and reduces hyperglycemia in diabetic KK-A(y) mice.
Acetic acid (AcOH), which is a short-chain fatty acid, is reported to have some beneficial effects on metabolism. To test the hypothesis that feeding of AcOH exerts beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes, we fed either a standard diet or one containing 0.3% AcOH to KK-A(y) mice for 8 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were lower in mice fed AcOH for 8 weeks than in control mice. AcOH also reduced the expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis, which is in part regulated by 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver. Finally, sodium acetate, in the form of neutralized AcOH, directly activated AMPK and lowered the expression of genes such as for glucose-6-phosphatase and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 in rat hepatocytes. These results indicate that the hypoglycemic effect of AcOH might be due to activation of AMPK in the liver.
Sakakibara
Shoji
S
Central Research Institute, Mizkan Group Co., Ltd., Aichi 475-8585, Japan.
Yamauchi
Toshimasa
T
Oshima
Yoshifumi
Y
Tsukamoto
Yoshinori
Y
Kadowaki
Takashi
T
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D019342:Acetic Acid