title: Autologous human fat grafting: effect of harvesting and preparation techniques on adipocyte graft survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autogenous fat transfer with lipoinjection for soft-tissue augmentation is a commonly used technique without a universally accepted approach. The high percentage and variable amount of fat resorption reduce the clinical efficacy of this procedure and often result in the need for further grafting. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effect of different harvesting and preparation techniques on human fat tissue viability and to determine fat tissue viability rates among the different fat preparations transplanted into a severe combined immune deficiency mouse model at 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using standard liposuction and syringe aspiration, fat was removed from patients (n = 3) undergoing elective body contouring. Tissue was prepared by six different combinations of centrifugation and/or washing the cells with lactated Ringer's solution or normal saline. Metabolic activities of fat cell viability were monitored to assess overall cell viability. To analyze viability over 3 months, freshly harvested tissue specimens (minimum n = 5) were prepared by a combination of various procedures (wash, centrifugation, and different solutions) and subsequently injected under the dorsal flank skin of severe combined immune deficiency mice in two experiments. Mice were monitored for 12 weeks and the fat xenografts were removed for mass and histological evaluations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic analyses showed improved cell viability in tissue specimens undergoing minimal manipulation. No significant differences in fat cell viability, as assessed by graft weight maintenance or histologic evaluations, were observed with regard to harvesting or preparation techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved viability of freshly harvested but untreated fat specimens may be expected as compared with grafts that have undergone additional manipulations. No unique combination of preparation or harvesting techniques appeared to be more advantageous on transplanted fat grafts at 3 months. This study also demonstrated a reliable animal model for future investigation into examining novel applications for augmenting fat graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9132, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Avron H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lipschitz
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sorokin
authors.forename: Rod J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rohrich
authors.forename: Spencer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D015187:Lipectomy; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000166:cytology; D013594:Syringes; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012965:Sodium Chloride