title: Subcellular localization and functions of the barley stem rust resistance receptor-like serine/threonine-specific protein kinase Rpg1.
abstract: The Rpg1 gene confers resistance to many pathotypes of the stem rust fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici and has protected barley from serious disease losses for over 60 years. Rpg1 encodes a constitutively expressed protein with two tandem kinase domains. Fractionation by differential centrifugation and aqueous two-phase separation of the microsome proteins located Rpg1 mainly in the cytosol but also in the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. Recombinant Rpg1 autophosphorylates in vitro intramolecularly only serine and threonine amino acids with a preference for Mn(2+) cations and a K(m) of 0.15 and a V(max) of 0.47 nmol.min(-1).mg(-1) protein. The inability of wild-type Rpg1 to transphosphorylate a recombinant Rpg1 inactivated by site-directed mutation confirmed that Rpg1 autophosphorylation proceeds exclusively via an intramolecular mechanism. Site-directed mutagenesis of the two adjacent lysine residues in the ATP anchor of the two-kinase domains established that the first of the two tandem kinase domains is nonfunctional and that lysine 461 of the second domain is the catalytically active residue. Transgenic barley, expressing Rpg1 mutated in either the kinase 1 or 2 domains, were fully susceptible to P. graminis f. sp. tritici revealing requirement of both kinase domains for resistance. In planta-expressed Rpg1 mutant protein confirmed that mutation in domain 2, but not 1, rendered the protein incapable of autophosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washingston State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: Jayaveeramuthu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nirmala
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brueggeman
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clay
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rostoks
authors.forename: C Gamini
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kannangara
authors.forename: Diter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: von Wettstein
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Steffenson
authors.forename: Andris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleinhofs
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000737:chemistry; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D001467:Hordeum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D010769:Phosphothreonine / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010769:Phosphothreonine; D010768:Phosphoserine; D008345:Manganese; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium