title: 4-Hydroxynonenal inhibits telomerase activity and hTERT expression in human leukemic cell lines.
abstract: 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), produced during oxidative stress, has an antiproliferative/differentiative effect in several tumor cells. Recently, it has been observed that oxidative stress accelerates telomere loss. The length of telomeres depends on the telomerase activity, and the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) is strongly up-regulated in most human cancers and inhibited by differentiating agents. In this paper the inhibitory effect of HNE on telomerase activity and hTERT expression in three human leukemic cell lines (HL-60, U937, ML-1) is reported. To investigate the molecular mechanism involved in hTERT down-regulation by HNE, the expression of several transcription factors was also studied: in all these cell lines, c-Myc was inhibited, Mad-1 was up-regulated, and Sp-1 was not affected. Moreover, in p53 wild-type ML-1 cells, HNE up-regulated p53 expression. In HL-60 cells, DNA binding activity of c-Myc and Mad-1 to the E-box sequence of the hTERT promoter was inhibited and up-regulated, respectively. In summary, HNE inhibits telomerase activity via decreased hTERT promoter activity, by modulating c-Myc/Mad-1 transcription factor expression.
authors.affiliation: Section of General Pathology, Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy. stefani.pizzimenti@unito.it
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pizzimenti
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Briatore
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laurora
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toaldo
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Grandi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meaglia
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menegatti
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giglioni
authors.forename: Mario U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Dianzani
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barrera
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019098:Telomerase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019098:Telomerase; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal