title: Simultaneous bone marrow and intestine transplantation promotes marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and chimerism.
abstract: Organ allografts have been shown to provide a syngeneic microenvironment for organ-based donor hematopoietic stem cells to maintain long-lasting chimerism after transplantation. We hypothesized that organ allografts would also support engraftment and hematopoiesis of adjunctively infused donor marrow stem cells, syngeneic to organ grafts, in nonmyeloablated recipients. In BN-to-LEW and GFP-to-ACI rat combinations, donor bone marrow (BM) infusion together with small intestine transplantation (SITx) under short-course tacrolimus immunosuppression resulted in persistent macrochimerism (more than 5%) for 150 days. In contrast, after BM infusion or SITx alone, chimerism was temporary and disappeared by day 100. Y-chromosome polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in sex-mismatched male BM plus female intestine or female BM plus male intestine transplantation into female recipients suggested that persistent macrochimerism was derived from infused BM. BM infusion together with lymphoid-depleted intestine grafts also supported macrochimerism development; however, third-party intestine grafts did not. After GFP-positive BM plus wild-type (WT) SITx into ACI, large numbers of GFP-positive leukocytes were found in WT intestine grafts. Isolated cells from WT intestine grafts developed GFP-positive CFU-Cs and propagated multilineage GFP-positive leukocytes when adoptively transferred into lethally irradiated WT recipients. These findings suggest that intestine allograft supports simultaneously infused donor (syngeneic to organ grafts) marrow stem cell engraftment, differentiation, and persistence of chimerism.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyokawa
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimizuka
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nalesnik
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Demetris
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Starzl
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D018183:Transplantation Chimera / Q000276:immunology; D014185:Transplantation, Isogeneic; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000276:immunology; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus