title: Video-assisted right supradiaphragmatic thoracic duct ligation for non-traumatic recurrent chylothorax.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chylothorax is an uncommon disorder with respiratory, nutritional and immunological manifestations. Surgical management is indicated in case of recurrence or failure after conservative treatment. We report our experience with video-assisted right-sided supradiaphragmatic thoracic duct ligation for non-traumatic, non-postoperative persistent or recurrent chylothorax.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of six patients operated at our institution between 1999 and 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. A right-sided chylothorax was found in four patients, a left-sided in one, and a bilateral in one. Three patients developed chylothorax after chemotherapy and chest irradiation for malignant diseases (lymphoma in two patients and breast cancer in one), one in the context of lymphangioleiomyomatosis, one due to a non-diagnosed lymphoma, and one after heart transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 102 min, with an average length of hospital stay of 14 days. Persistent cessation of chylous effusion within 7 days after surgery was observed in 5/6 patients without recurrence during a mean follow-up time of 41 months. One patient with undiagnosed mediastinal lymphoma required re-operation and thoracic duct ligation on day 8 by right-sided thoracotomy due to persistent chylothorax. No 30-day mortality was recorded. Two patients presented postoperative complications including respiratory insufficiency requiring mechanical ventilation in one, and chylous ascites development requiring peritoneo-venous LeVeen shunting in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent or persistent non-traumatic chylothorax may be successfully treated by video-assisted right supradiaphragmatic thoracic duct ligation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1010 Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Hans-Beat
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ris
authors.forename: Edgardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pezzetta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007902:Length of Stay; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013897:Thoracic Duct / Q000601:surgery*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*