title: Apolipoprotein epsilon-4 allele and the two-year progression of cognitive function in Chinese subjects with late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the significance of apolipoprotein E4 (Apo E4) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been well established in Caucasian populations, its role in determining the rate of cognitive decline in other ethnic groups has yet to be determined. This study examined the two-year progression of cognitive decline and its association with Apo E4 allelic status in a group of Chinese elderly subjects with AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and four Chinese subjects with mild and moderate AD as assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR 1 and 2) were followed up at a mean (SD) duration of 22.53 (5.21) months. The rate of cognitive decline and its association with Apo E4 allelic status was evaluated
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, 74 (73 percent) subjects were reassessed. Forty-nine remained stable at the same CDR and 25 had deteriorated. The mean (SD) deterioration in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was 2.52 (4.38) and in the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) was 9.03 (14.98) (paired t-test, p < 0. 001). There was no significant difference in the baseline MMSE and DRS scores between the "stable", "deteriorated", or "deceased" groups. Mildly demented subjects with the Apo E4 allele were more likely to have deteriorated to a more severe CDR than subjects without the Apo E4 allele (Pearson chi2 = 5.72, df 1, p = 0.017, Odds ratio = 6.3, CI 1.3 to 30.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of the Apo E4 allele may influence the rate of cognitive deterioration, particularly in subjects with mild AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR.
authors.forename: Linda C W
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Nelson L S
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Victor W C
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Agnes S Y
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Helen F K
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E