title: Oxygen activation by a mixed-valent, diiron(II/III) cluster in the glycol cleavage reaction catalyzed by myo-inositol oxygenase.
abstract: myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) catalyzes the ring-cleaving, four-electron oxidation of its cyclohexan-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa)-ol substrate (myo-inositol, MI) to d-glucuronate (DG). The preceding paper [Xing, G., Hoffart, L. M., Diao, Y., Prabhu, K. S., Arner, R. J., Reddy, C. C., Krebs, C., and Bollinger, J. M., Jr. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 5393-5401] demonstrates by Mössbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies that MIOX can contain a non-heme dinuclear iron cluster, which, in its mixed-valent (II/III) and fully oxidized (III/III) states, is perturbed by binding of MI in a manner consistent with direct coordination. In the study presented here, the redox form of the enzyme that activates O(2) has been identified. l-Cysteine, which was previously reported to accelerate turnover, reduces the fully oxidized enzyme to the mixed-valent form, and O(2), the cosubstrate, oxidizes the fully reduced form to the mixed-valent form with a stoichiometry of one per O(2). Both observations implicate the mixed-valent, diiron(II/III) form of the enzyme as the active state. Stopped-flow absorption and freeze-quench EPR data from the reaction of the substrate complex of mixed-valent MIOX [MIOX(II/III).MI] with limiting O(2) in the presence of excess, saturating MI reveal the following cycle: (1) MIOX(II/III).MI reacts rapidly with O(2) to generate an intermediate (H) with a rhombic, g < 2 EPR spectrum; (2) a form of the enzyme with the same absorption features as MIOX(II/III) develops as H decays, suggesting that turnover has occurred; and (3) the starting MIOX(II/III).MI complex is then quantitatively regenerated. This cycle is fast enough to account for the catalytic rate. The DG/O(2) stoichiometry in the reaction, 0.8 +/- 0.1, is similar to the theoretical value of 1, whereas significantly less product is formed in the corresponding reaction of the fully reduced enzyme with limiting O(2). The DG/O(2) yield in the latter reaction decreases as the enzyme concentration is increased, consistent with the hypothesis that initial conversion of the reduced enzyme to the MIOX(II/III).MI complex and subsequent turnover by the mixed-valent form is responsible for the product in this case. The use of the mixed-valent, diiron(II/III) cluster by MIOX represents a significant departure from the mechanisms of other known diiron oxygenases, which all involve activation of O(2) from the II/II manifold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Yinghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Hoffart
authors.forename: K Sandeep
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: C Channa
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: J Martin
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bollinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D035881:Compensation and Redress; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005965:Glucuronates / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006018:Glycols / Q000378:metabolism*; D050562:Inositol Oxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D005965:Glucuronates; D006018:Glycols; D050562:Inositol Oxygenase; D003545:Cysteine; D010100:Oxygen