title: Comparison of the percutaneous absorption of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds in shed snake skin and human skin.
abstract: The in vitro transdermal permeation of eight hydrophilic drugs (antipyrine, L-dopa, dopamine hydrochloride, diclofenac sodium, 5-fluorouracil, isoprenaline hydrochloride, nicorandil and morphine hydrochloride) and eight lipophilic drugs (aminopyrine, cyclobarbital, ibuprofen, indomethacin, isosorbide dinitrate, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen and lignocaine) was determined using shed snake skin of Elaphae obsoleta and human skin. The permeation parameters and physiological characteristics of the skin, e.g. the water and lipid content, and the thickness of shed snake skin and human skin were evaluated and compared. In shed snake skin, the permeability coefficients (P) of lipophilic drugs were in the same range as those through the human skin (0.9 to 1.8-times); whereas those of hydrophilic drugs were remarkably lower (3.3 to 6.1-times). The thickness and lipid content of shed snake skin and human stratum corneum were not significantly different (P > 0.05), whereas the water content of shed snake skin was significantly lower than that of human stratum corneum (P < 0.05). The lower permeability of shed snake skin for hydrophilic compounds might be caused by the lower porosity of skin strata. The results suggested a potential use of shed snake skin as barrier membrane for lipophilic compounds percutaneous absorption studies in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Sanamchan Palace campus, Muang, Nakorn Pathom 73000, Thailand. tanasait@email.pharm.su.ac.th
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ngawhirunpat
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panomsuk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Opanasopit
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rojanarata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D012911:Snakes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014867:Water