title: Retinal adaptation responses revealed by global flash multifocal electroretinogram are dependent on the degree of myopic refractive error.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is evidence that the inner retina is involved in eye growth control processes and the development of myopia. We sought to investigate the response dynamics of the inner retina of adult emmetropes and myopes using the global flash multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) paradigm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen myopes and 10 emmetropic subjects (mean age: 21.0+/-2.8 years) underwent mfERG testing using VERIS 5.1.5X. The global flash stimulus array consisted of 103-scaled hexagons which flickered according to a pseudorandom binary m-sequence (2(13)-1). The stimulation sequence was modified by inserting three frames, a dark frame, a global (full screen) flash, and another dark frame. The amplitude and implicit time of the two distinct waveform features, an early direct component (DC) and a later induced component (IC) of the first-order kernel were analyzed. Retinal responses were averaged over rings of increasing eccentricity, or into nasal and temporal hemifields.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant correlation between the DC and IC response amplitude and myopic refractive error, i.e., the greater the myopic error, the greater the response amplitude. However, when comparing between the two refractive error groups, DC and IC response amplitudes of emmetropes and myopes were similar, even after compensating for the effect of axial length. There were no significant differences in implicit times of the DC and IC in emmetropes and myopes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Global flash mfERG responses of emmetropes and myopes were not found to be significantly different. The measured retinal adaptation response however varied according to the degree of myopia. We hypothesize that dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in retinal adaptation and is known to be reduced in myopic eyes, may be involved in the retinal adaptation effect observed.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. jc.chen@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Katrina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000221:Adaptation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004596:Electroretinography; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted