title: Platelet-lymphocyte conjugation differs between lymphocyte subpopulations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelets can bind to, and thereby influence, lymphocyte function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The propensities of different lymphocyte subpopulations to form platelet-lymphocyte conjugates/aggregates (P-Lym) was investigated using four-color whole blood flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P-Lym constituted approximately 3% of circulating lymphocytes. Platelet conjugation was most common among large (monocyte-sized) lymphocytes. Platelet activation by ADP slightly increased platelet-T-cell conjugation, mainly to T-cytolytic (Tc) cells, but markedly elevated platelet-natural killer (NK)-cell conjugation. T-cell activation by phytohemagglutinin increased heterotypic conjugation among both T-helper (TH) and Tc cells, whilst NK-cell activation by interleukin-2 affected platelet-NK-cell aggregation little. Neither platelet activation nor lipopolysaccharides-induced B-cell activation enhanced platelet-B-cell aggregation. Activation-dependent heterotypic conjugation was mainly found among large cells, with increased percentages of conjugated cells and more platelets bound per lymphocyte. P-Lym formation initiated by platelet activation was abolished by P-selectin blockade, and tended to be reduced by inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa, CD11b, or CD40L. P-Lym formation initiated by lymphocyte activation was partially inhibited by each of these blocking agents, but more markedly inhibited when the blocking agents were combined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platelets selectively bind to larger and activated lymphocytes. T-lymphocyte activation enhances platelet-T-cell aggregation. Platelet activation enhances platelet-Tc aggregation slightly and platelet-NK-cell aggregation markedly, while cellular activation affects platelet-B-cell aggregation little. P-selectin ligation is essential, but GPIIb/IIIa, CD40L, and CD11b also contribute to the heterotypic conjugation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden. nailin.li@ki.se
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hjemdahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D015539:Platelet Activation; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex