title: Boosted versus unboosted indinavir with zidovudine and lamivudine in nucleoside pre-treated patients: a randomized, open-label trial with 112 weeks of follow-up (HIV-NAT 005).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) in a ritonavir (RTV)-boosted form is now common. However, randomized data comparing boosted with unboosted PI strategies are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, open-label trial compared indinavir (IDV) 800 mg three times daily with IDV/RTV 800/100 mg twice daily, both given with zidovudine (AZT)/lamivudine (3TC) twice daily in individuals with at least 3 months previous AZT experience. The primary endpoint was the time-weighted average change in HIV RNA from baseline. Designed as a 48-week study, follow-up continued until week 112. Primary analysis is by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and three patients commenced therapy and are included in the analysis. Patients had a median of 29 months past nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) exposure. Baseline median (interquartile range) log10 HIV RNA was 4.0 (3.3-4.5) and CD4+ T-cell count 166 (40-323) cells/microl. After 112-weeks of study there was no significant difference observed between arms in the mean (SD) change in time-weighted average HIV RNA from baseline (-1.6 [1.1] HIV RNA copies/week/ml three times daily arm; -1.4 [1.1] HIV RNA copies/week/ml twice daily arm; P = 0.3). Both arms were associated with substantial toxicity expressed as serious adverse events and study drug interruptions. The twice daily arm experienced greater dyslipidaemia. Mean (SD) changes in time-weighted CD4+ T-cell count from baseline were similar [88 (84) cells/week/microl three times daily arm; 70 [109] cells/week/microl twice daily arm; P = 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RTV-boosted IDV 800/100 mg twice daily demonstrated comparable efficacy to unboosted IDV 800 mg three times daily dosing. Both regimens were associated with substantial toxicity. Use of lower doses of RTV-boosted IDV may result in better tolerability without loss of efficacy and warrant further research.
authors.affiliation: The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration, The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand. mark.boyd@fmc.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Preeyaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srasuebkul
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khongphattanayothin
authors.forename: Kiat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruxrungtham
authors.forename: Elly A M
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hassink
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Duncombe
authors.forename: Sasiwimol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ubolyam
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stek
authors.forename: Joep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Praphan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phanuphak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019469:Indinavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; D019469:Indinavir; D019438:Ritonavir