title: A questionnaire on factors influencing children's assent and dissent to non-therapeutic research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge about assent or dissent of children to non-therapeutic research is poor.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess sociodemographic characteristics in healthy children and adolescents who were invited to participate in non-therapeutic research, to evaluate their motives for assent or dissent and their understanding of the information given.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1281 healthy children and adolescents six to sixteen years of age were invited to participate in a non-therapeutic study and a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Assenting children were motivated by a desire to help sick children (n = 638, 98%) and to gain experience with participating in a research study (n = 503, 82%). Dissenting children made their decision because of worries about having a blood (n = 193, 46%) or a urine sample (n = 94, 26%) taken or because of worries about a doctor's examination (n = 136, 33%). Fewer children in the assent group (n = 166, 25%) than in the dissent group (136, 33%) worried about the doctor's examination (p = 0.01). In the assent and dissent group, 568 (86%) and 343 (85%) children, respectively, said they were able to understand some or all of the written information (p = 0.42), and 650 (97%) and 330 (98%), respectively, were able to understand some or all of the verbal information (p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sociodemographic characteristics may not influence healthy children's decision to volunteer for non-therapeutic research. Assenting children have altruistic and educational motives, whereas worries about procedures may cause children to dissent. A great majority of school children and adolescents feel capable of understanding and giving assent or dissent to non-therapeutic research.
authors.affiliation: Children's Clinic Randers, Dytmaersken 9, DK-8900 Randers, Denmark. akk.odws@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Wolthers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D018579:Patient Selection; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000523:psychology