title: Influence of subjective intoxication, breath alcohol concentration, and expectancies on the alcohol-aggression relation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of subjective intoxication, alcohol-aggression expectancies, and breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) on intoxicated aggression in men and women while controlling for dispositional aggressivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 328 (163 men and 165 women) healthy social drinkers between 21 and 35 years of age. Following the consumption of either an alcohol or an active placebo beverage, subjects were tested on a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm in which mild electric shocks were received from, and administered to, a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. Levels of subjective intoxication and BrAC were measured immediately before subjects began the aggression task. Aggressive behavior was operationalized as the shock intensities administered to the fictitious opponent under conditions of low and high provocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjective intoxication ratings were not related to aggressive behavior for either men or women. Alcohol-aggression expectancies were related to aggression for men, but this effect was rendered nonsignificant when controlling for dispositional aggressivity, which in turn, was significantly related to the dependent variables for both men and women. Finally, BrAC was also related to aggression above and beyond the effects of dispositional aggressivity, yet only for men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken as a whole, this study suggests that intoxicated aggression is primarily the result of alcohol's pharmacological properties in conjunction with an aggressive disposition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044, USA. peter@uky.edu
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Giancola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000523:psychology*; D001944:Breath Tests; D004597:Electroshock; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol