title: Survival of patients with early hepatocellular carcinoma treated by percutaneous alcohol injection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Once small (<10 mm) nodules, suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma, are detected in cirrhotics, the European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines recommend to delay histological confirmation and treatment until they increase in size.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate this policy by evaluating survival of 450 cirrhotics in Child-Pugh class A or B with unifocal 'early' hepatocellular carcinoma treated by percutaneous alcohol injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were sorted by nodular size into three groups: < or =10 mm (n = 36, group A), >10 to < or = 20 mm (n = 142, group B) and >20 to < or = 30 mm (n = 272, group C). Overall and tumour-free survivals were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In groups A, B and C, mean follow-up was 33 +/- 26, 34 +/- 22 and 35 +/- 25 months (P = 0.89), mean survival time was 63 +/- 54, 57 +/- 48 and 62 +/- 66 months (P = 0.69) and mean tumour-free survival was 44 +/- 47, 46 +/- 58 and 41 +/- 68 months (P = 0.51), respectively. When patients were sorted by Child status, mean survival time was 76 +/- 82 and 38 +/- 29 months in Child A and B (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparable survival of percutaneous alcohol injection-treated patients with single, early hepatocellular carcinoma sorted by nodular size supports the European Association for the Study of the Liver 'wait-and-see' policy for patients with lesions <10 mm, and suggests that allowing the nodules to grow prior to taking further diagnostic or therapeutic actions would not harm these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. a.andriulli@operapadrepio.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andriulli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Sio
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solmi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Facciorusso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caturelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perri
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol