title: Effect of ecoimmunonutrition supports on maintenance of integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier in severe acute pancreatitis in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the major causes of death in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is severe infection owing to bacterial translocation. Some clinical studies suggested that ecoimmunonutrition (EIN) as a new strategy had better treatment effect on SAP patients. But the experiment studies on the precise mechanism of the effect of EIN were less reported. In this study, we mainly investigated the effects of EIN on bacterial translocation in SAP model of dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in healthy hybrid dogs. The SAP dogs were supported with either parenteral nutrition (PN) or elemental enteral nutrition (EEN) or EIN. The levels of serum amylase, serum aminotransferase and plasma endotoxin were detected before and after pancreatitis induction. On the 7th day after nutrition supports, peritoneal fluid, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, and pancreas were collected for bacterial culture with standard techniques to observe the incidence of bacterial translocation. Pathology changes of pancreas were analyzed by histopathologic grading and scoring of the severity of pancreas, and the degree of intestinal mucosal damage was assessed by measuring mucosal thickness, villus height, and crypt depth of ileum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with PN and EEN, EIN significantly decreased the levels of serum amylase, serum aminotransferase, plasma endotoxin, and the incidence of bacterial translocation. Furthermore, compared with the others, the histology scores of inflammation in pancreas and the ileum injury (ileum mocosa thickness, villus height, and crypt depth) were significantly alleviated by EIN (P < 0.05). Moreover, concerning liver function, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and albumin were ameliorating significantly in the EIN group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggested that EIN could maintain the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier and reducing the incidence of bacterial translocation in SAP dogs. Early EIN was safe and more effective treatment for SAP dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Gui-fang
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhao-shen
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004285:Dogs; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D007109:Immunity; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000503:physiopathology; D018529:Nutritional Support; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D000681:Amylases