title: Does physical activity equally predict gain in fat mass among obese and nonobese young adults?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differences in energy metabolism and physical activity (PA) may contribute to the long-term regulation of body weight (BW).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations between metabolic determinants, energy expenditure and objectively measured components of PA with change in BW and fat mass (FM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective (4 years.), case-control study in obese (n=13) and normal weight (n=15) young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  At baseline, we measured resting metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, movement economy (ml O(2) kg(-1) min(-1)), aerobic fitness (VO(2max)), total and PA energy expenditure by doubly labelled water, and PA by accelerometry. Fat mass was measured by DXA. At follow-up we repeated our measurements of PA and FM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fat mass increased significantly (P<0.001) in both groups. Physical activity did not change between baseline and 'follow up'. Change in overall PA (counts per minute) was inversely associated with change in BW and (beta=-0.0124, P=0.054) and FM (beta=-0.008, P=0.04). Post hoc analyses suggested that this association was explained by changes in the normal weight group only (beta=-0.01; P=0.008; and beta=-0.0097; P=0.009, for BW and FM, respectively). Metabolic determinants, energy expenditure estimates and subcomponents of PA (i.e. time spent at different intensity levels) were not significantly associated with change in BW or FM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest an independent association between PA and FM. However, this association may differ depending on obesity status. The gain in FM, without any change in PA, may suggest that dietary intake is the major contributor to the positive energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK. Ulf.Ekelund@mrc-epid.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Särnblad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ryberg
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wareham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aman
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology