title: [Evaluation of individual ceramic implants made of Bioverit with CAD/CAM technology to reconstruct multidimensional craniofacial defects of the human skull].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Restrictions in the bone structure of the craniomandibular region caused by malformation, traumata or malignant tumours are currently of interest in reconstructive oral and maxillofacial surgery. Methods of autologous bone transplantation are well established for reconstruction of those defects. The reconstruction and remodeling of contour-shaping defects is more difficult due to atrophy and resorption of free-transplantable tissues. Artificially induced harmful effects have been reported on harvesting in the donor area. Further available methods of alloplastic reconstruction are computer-assisted design and manufacturing systems (CAD/CAM). The advantages of individual design and fabrication are obvious in the manufacturing of defect-specific implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study the application of individual CAD-based reconstructed bioceramic implants made of Bioverit II was evaluated in the region of the facial skull. Clinical results, patient acceptance and the analysis of the postoperative observation period of 30 months are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether 25 individual Bioverit ceramics were implanted in the facial region. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results of the implantations after primary surgery. Three patients developed a need for further correction during the observation period; one implant fracture was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Finally, it can be stated that the preoperative expenditures in time, experts, technology and fabrication of individual CAD/CAM planned and manufactured implants are justified by the following advantages: fixed volume, reduced operating time, lack of donor morbidity, easy subsequent treatment of the material and the aesthetic results achieved.
authors: Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Geischtschirurgie/Plastische Chirurgie, Friedrich-Schilller-Universität, Jena.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Siebert
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Schleier
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Beinemann
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Fried
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Zenk
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Schumann