title: The effects of physical exercise on depressive symptoms among the aged: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of physical exercise on depression or depressive symptoms among the aged.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search covering various medical databases was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials (RCT's) about the effects of exercise treatments on depression or depressive symptoms among the aged. The studies were classified according to the baseline depression status of participants and assessed in relation to allocation concealment, blinding at outcome assessment, follow-up and whether intention to treat analysis was used. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were accepted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise was effective in treating depression among those suffering from minor or major depression and in reducing depressive symptoms among those with a high amount of depressive symptoms at baseline. However, both the allocation concealment and the blinding method were adequately described in only four studies. Furthermore, intention-to-treat analysis was conducted in half of the studies and some follow-up information after the intervention has been published for five studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical exercise may be efficient in reducing clinical depression and depressive symptoms in the short-term among the aged suffering from depression or a high amount of depressive symptoms. More well controlled studies are needed.
authors: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. nookau@utu.fi
authors: Noora
authors: N
authors: Sjösten
authors: Sirkka-Liisa
authors: SL
authors: Kivelä