title: Teaching 'Yes' and 'No' responses to children with multiple disabilities through a program including microswitches linked to a vocal output device.
abstract: The present study introduced two children (a boy and a girl of 9.2 and 12.3 yr. of age, respectively, with multiple disabilities) to an intervention program for establishing Yes and No responses in relation to preferred and nonpreferred stimuli and assessed the acquisition and generalization of those responses. The program involved the use of microswitches, which monitored the nonverbal Yes and No responses performed by the children and ensured that these responses produced the matching verbal utterances via a vocal output device. Analysis showed children acquired Yes and No responses in relation to the stimuli used for the intervention and, to a comparable degree, to the stimuli used for generalization checks as well. An interview of 30 educational staff of a center for persons with multiple disabilities indicated that they considered the presence of Yes and No verbal utterances preferable to the absence of such utterances, and thought that the utterances could be helpful for the children's response acquisition and would be useful and pleasing for staff and parents. General implications of the findings were discussed.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Bari, Via Quintino Sella 268, 70100 Bari, Italy. g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it
authors: Giulio E
authors: GE
authors: Lancioni
authors: Nirbhay N
authors: NN
authors: Singh
authors: Mark F
authors: MF
authors: O'Reilly
authors: Jeff
authors: J
authors: Sigafoos
authors: Doretta
authors: D
authors: Oliva
authors: Simona
authors: S
authors: Baccani