title: The high-dose, alternate-week intravitreal ganciclovir injections for cytomegalovirus retinitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy, and complications of the high-dose, alternate-week, intravitreal ganciclovir injection for cytomegaloviral retinitis (CMVR) in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  AIDS patients with CMVR and on HAART MATERIAL AND METHOD: The high-dose, 4 mg/0.1 ml, ganciclovir was injected intravitreally to the enrolled patients on an alternate-week basis. The patients were monitored clinically until the retinitis was inactive, then the injections were withdrawn. The injections were re-initiated if relapse occurred.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of eyes achieved inactive retinitis and corresponded to the number of injections, number of relapses and corresponded duration, visual acuity during the injection, and complications of the injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inactive lesions were found in 42/51 eyes (82.40%), the corresponding mean number of injections was 5.4 (1-18) per eye. There was no relapse and the corresponded duration of follow-up was 5.1 months (1-16). The final visual outcomes were improved or stable in 26 eyes (50.9%). These visual outcomes were statistically related to initial visual acuity (p = 0.022) but not statistically related to the number of injections (p = 0.929). Complications were found in 7/51 eyes (13.7%). They were vitreous haze, immune recovery uveitis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and infectious endophthalmitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high-dose, alternate-week, intravitreal injection of ganciclovir may be an alternative for the treatment of CMVR in AIDS patients who are on HAART However, the induction course is longer than the weekly regimen and close monitoring of patients is essential.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors: Kanokwan
authors: K
authors: Yutthitham
authors: Paisan
authors: P
authors: Ruamviboonsuk