title: Prevalence of pelvic musculoskeletal disorders in a female chronic pelvic pain clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of 2 musculoskeletal pain disorders among women presenting to a referral chronic pelvic pain clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 987 women (aged 14-79) presenting for evaluation from 1993 to 2000 at a university-based gynecologic chronic pelvic pain clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the initial visit, all women completed standardized interviews and underwent a pelvic examination. Single-digit palpation of the levator ani and piriformis muscles was performed intravaginally. Among these women, 212 of 955 (22%) had tenderness of the levator ani muscles, while 128 of 943 (14%) had tenderness of the piriformis muscle (pain score > 3 of 10 on a visual analogue scale). Both levator ani tenderness and piriformis tenderness were associated with a higher total number of pain sites, previous surgery for pelvic pain, Beck Depression Inventory score, McGill Pain Inventory score and pain worsened with bowel movements (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Piriformis and levator ani pain are present in a significant proportion of female chronic pelvic pain patients. Further research into the natural course, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic musculoskeletal pain is needed to determine its true contribution to chronic pain.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA. ftu@enh.org
authors: Frank F
authors: FF
authors: Tu
authors: Sawsan
authors: S
authors: As-Sanie
authors: John F
authors: JF
authors: Steege