title: [Water supply for Peking ducks--possible alternatives for bathing].
abstract: In order to investigate possible advantages of open water drinkers such as troughs and bells in the intensive husbandry of ducks, we evaluated in this study the effect of open water systems on the behavior and health of peking ducks. In this investigation six fattening trials each with 1152 Cherry Valley Peking ducks were analyzed. The average fattening period was 47 to 49 days. The ducks were kept on straw in six standardized compartments each 32 qm with 192 ducks. 25% of the compartment with perforated grid, with one of the tested water systems. In contrast to pens with nipple-drinkers only, the ducks in pens with open water troughs/showers had the opportunity to exhibit their natural drinking behavior and water associated activities in accordance with the animal welfare requirements. In the free-choice pens the open water systems were significantly preferred, and over a 24-hour period the ducks in watering areas with open water troughs showed higher activity. Limiting the access to the open water systems to eight, four or two hours per day led to an increased use per time unit. Ducks with access to nipple drinkers only showed a significantly higher percentage of plugged up nostrils than animals from pens with open water drinkers. Open water drinkers had also a positive impact on the plumage condition.
authors: Institut für Tierschutz, Verhaltenskunde und Tierhygiene der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. e.heyn@tierhyg.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Heyn
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Damme
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Manz
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Remy
authors: M H
authors: MH
authors: Erhard