title: Direct-vision stenting: the way forward for malignant oesophageal obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Self-expanding metallic stents now form the mainstay of treatment for palliation of dysphagia in oesophageal cancer. These stents are generally inserted under fluoroscopic guidance. However, both the internal and external marking of the tumour can be inaccurate and time-consuming, and access to fluoroscopic facilities is sometimes limited. We prospectively assessed the use of a method of stent insertion under direct vision without the aid of fluoroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 consecutive patients presenting with obstructive symptoms secondary to inoperable oesophageal cancers were included in the study. We used either the 7-cm or the 11-cm covered Choo stent (MI-Tech Ltd., Seoul, South Korea).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 52 stents were inserted under direct vision. The procedure generally took less than 15 minutes and good palliation was achieved without complications. Fluoroscopic assistance was required in only one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct-vision stent insertion is simple, safe, effective, and only rarely requires fluoroscopic assistance. The technique may be of particular use in centres with limited access to fluoroscopy.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors: O I
authors: OI
authors: Rathore
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Coss
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Patchett
authors: H E
authors: HE
authors: Mulcahy