title: Doppler myocardial imaging in adult male rats: reference values and reproducibility of velocity and deformation parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited data are available about the use of Doppler myocardial imaging (DMI) in small animals. We intend to provide reference values for velocity, strain and strain rate in a large group of healthy rats and studied the reproducibility and repeatability of these parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 33 male Wistar rats (503+/-41g) underwent baseline transthoracic echocardiography with DMI of the anterior and inferior wall in a short-axis view using a 13MHz linear probe. Adequate tissue Doppler measurements could be obtained in 30 rats. On average 10+/-4 consecutive cycles were studied in post-processing using dedicated software (SPEQLE). Mean radial peak systolic velocity, strain and strain rate were respectively -0.8+/-0.3cm/s, 38+/-8% and 9.1+/-2.0/s in the anterior wall and 3.1+/-0.6cm/s, 49+/-10% and 13.7+/-3.7/s in the inferior wall. The reproducibility and repeatability of the DMI measurements assessed in 10 rats was good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DMI is feasible and reproducible in healthy rats. Establishing reference values opens new perspectives towards the use of strain and strain rate imaging in small rodents in the assessment of myocardial diseases.
authors: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital AZ VUB, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. igwsc@az.vub.ac.be
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Weytjens
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Cosyns
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: D'hooge
authors: Carole
authors: C
authors: Gallez
authors: Steven
authors: S
authors: Droogmans
authors: Tony
authors: T
authors: Lahoute
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Franken
authors: Guy
authors: G
authors: Van Camp