title: The low incidence of surgery for non-cardiac vascular disease in UK Asians may be explained by a low prevalence of disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Firstly, to compare rates of surgery for non-cardiac vascular disease in Caucasians and Asians and secondarily to assess the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the male UK Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of a prospective database followed by an epidemiological survey of 100 unselected Pakistani males, in which demographic and anthropometric data were collected alongside aortic ultrasonography and measurement of ankle: brachial pressure index (ABPI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although 14.1% of our catchment area is Asian, after correction for age, they only accounted for 64/2268 (2.8%) of procedures for PAD and AAA. Specifically, Asians were 10 times less likely to undergo AAA repair and 3 times less likely to undergo procedures for lower limb peripheral bypass, amputation and endovascular intervention. In the epidemiological study, 26 subjects had a significant history of ischaemic heart disease, 21 were diabetic, 32 had hypertension and 60 were current or ex-smokers. Median aortic diameter [IQR] was 17.6 mm [16.3-19.1 mm] and no subject had an AAA. In 200 limbs, median ABPI [IQR] was 1.12 [1.04-1.21]. Only 2 patients had an ABPI < 0.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and ischaemic heart disease, the prevalence of PAD and AAA is much lower than would have been expected in an age- and sex-matched Caucasian population. These data suggest that the reduced incidence of surgery for PAD and AAA in UK Asians is due to a low prevalence of disease.
authors: University Department of Vascular Surgery, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors: S D
authors: SD
authors: Hobbs
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Sam
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Bhatti
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Rehman
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Wilmink
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Adam
authors: A W
authors: AW
authors: Bradbury