title: Structural birth defects associated with oral clefts in Hawaii, 1986 to 2001.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify structural birth defects that occur in association with oral clefts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from a birth defects registry and included all infants and fetuses with cleft palate without cleft lip or cleft lip with or without cleft palate delivered from 1986 to 2001. For 47 specific structural birth defects, rates among oral cleft cases were compared with the rates among all infants and fetuses with major birth defects, excluding those with oral clefts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among cleft palate only cases, the rates were significantly higher than expected for encephalocele, microcephaly, and syndactyly. Among cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate, the rates were significantly higher than expected for anophthalmia/microphthalmia, single ventricle, reduction deformity of upper limbs, and reduction deformity of lower limbs. When cases of cleft palate only and cleft lip with or without cleft palate were compared as to the rates for particular birth defects, the rates of the defects were either higher or lower than expected in both oral cleft categories for 38 (81%) of the defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain birth defects were more frequently associated with oral clefts than might be expected. For the majority of defects, their patterns of association were similar between cleft palate without cleft lip and cleft lip with or without cleft palate.
authors: Hawaii Birth Defects Program, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-5157, USA.
authors: Mathias B
authors: MB
authors: Forrester
authors: Ruth D
authors: RD
authors: Merz