title: Association of cigarette smoking with HIV prognosis among women in the HAART era: a report from the women's interagency HIV study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the association of cigarette smoking with the effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among low-income women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed from the Women's Interagency HIV Study, a multisite longitudinal study up to 7.9 years for 924 women representing 72% of all women who initiated HAART between July 1, 1995, and September 30, 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When Cox's regression was used after control for age, race, hepatitis C infection, illicit drug use, previous antiretroviral therapy, and previous AIDS, smokers on HAART had poorer viral responses (hazard ratio [HR]=0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.67, 0.93) and poorer immunologic response (HR=0.85; 95% CI=0.73, 0.99). A greater risk of virologic rebound (HR=1.39; 95% CI=1.06, 1.69) and more frequent immunologic failure (HR=1.52; 95% CI=1.18, 1.96) were also observed among smokers. There was a higher risk of death (HR=1.53; 95% CI=1.08, 2.19) and a higher risk of developing AIDS (HR=1.36; 95% CI=1.07, 1.72) but no significant difference between smokers and nonsmokers in the risk of death due to AIDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some of the benefits provided by HAART are negated in cigarette smokers.
authors: SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. joseph.feldman@downstate.edu
authors: Joseph G
authors: JG
authors: Feldman
authors: Howard
authors: H
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