Ketoprofen and tramadol for analgesia during early recovery after tonsillectomy in children.
BACKGROUND
Pain following tonsillectomy is often intense. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids are effective, but both can cause adverse effects. Tramadol may be a viable alternative for post-tonsillectomy pain. This study was designed to compare the analgesic effects of ketoprofen and tramadol during the early recovery period after tonsillectomy.


METHODS
Forty-five ASA class I children (9-15 years) were randomized to receive either saline, ketoprofen (2 mg.kg(-1)) or tramadol (1 mg.kg(-1)) after induction of anesthesia. Upon completion of surgery, the study treatment was continued as a 6 h intravenous (i.v.) infusion of another dose of saline, ketoprofen (2 mg.kg(-1)) or tramadol (1 mg.kg(-1)). Postoperatively, each patient received rescue analgesia with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device programmed to deliver 0.5 microg.kg(-1) bolus doses of fentanyl. Postoperative pain was assessed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during swallowing. Intraoperative blood loss was measured.


RESULTS
The total number of requests of PCA-fentanyl was significantly less in ketoprofen group compared with tramadol and placebo groups (P = 0.035 and P = 0.049, respectively, in pairwise comparisons) and the VAS scores for pain were significantly lower in ketoprofen group compared with tramadol (P = 0.044) or placebo groups (P = 0.018) during the first six postoperative hours. Measured intraoperative blood loss was greater in ketoprofen-treated patients than in those receiving placebo (P = 0.029).


CONCLUSIONS
A dose of 4 mg.kg(-1) of i.v. ketoprofen provided good pain relief with moderate supplemental PCA-fentanyl requirements during the first six postoperative hours after tonsillectomy in children whereas the effects of 2 mg.kg(-1) of i.v. tramadol did not differ from those of placebo.
Antila
Heikki
H
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Manner
Tuula
T
Kuurila
Kaija
K
Salanterä
Sanna
S
Kujala
Risto
R
Aantaa
Riku
R