Persistence of neuropsychologic deficits in the remitted state of late-life depression.
OBJECTIVE
Cognitive impairment in late-life depression (LLD) is prevalent, disabling, and persists despite the remission of depressive symptoms. This article characterizes neuropsychologic functioning during remission in LLD.


METHODS
The authors examined longitudinal performance on a comprehensive neuropsychologic battery in 56 nondemented subjects age 60 or older who initially presented with an episode of nonpsychotic unipolar major depression and 40 nondemented, age- and education-equated comparison subjects with no history of depression. Subjects were assessed at baseline (in a depressed state) and one year later (when remitted).


RESULTS
After one year, 45% of the LLD subjects were cognitively impaired despite remission of depression. Visuospatial ability, information-processing speed, and delayed memory were most frequently impaired; 94% of the patients who were impaired at baseline remained impaired one year later. Twenty-three percent of the patients who were cognitively normal while depressed developed impairment one year later.


CONCLUSIONS
Most older individuals who are cognitively impaired during a depressive episode remain impaired when their depression remits. In addition, a substantial proportion of older depressed individuals who are cognitively intact when depressed are likely to be impaired one year later, although their depression has remitted.
Bhalla
Rishi K
RK
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Butters
Meryl A
MA
Mulsant
Benoit H
BH
Begley
Amy E
AE
Zmuda
Michelle D
MD
Schoderbek
Beth
B
Pollock
Bruce G
BG
Reynolds
Charles F
CF
Becker
James T
JT