title: [A kind of improved operative correction of severe inverted nipples].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To introduce a kind of improved operative method for correction of severe inverted nipples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients (aged 28-38 years) with 31 inborn inverted nipples were operated with the improved method from January 2002 to March 2005. The nipple was incised horizontally through the middle, the fibrotic band was released, and the tissue below the nipple was contracted. Then the defective space with mammary gland flap. Finally, a Z-shaped suture was employed at each base of nipple.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The shapes of these nipples were satisfactory. No infection and necrosis of the nipples occurred. The follow-up showed that the results were perfect in the sensory and elective functions of nipples. All the corrected nipples did not have recurrence except one nipple. The scars in the local site were limited and inconspicuous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe inverted nipples can be corrected effectively by the combined improved incisions and Z-shaped sutures. This method is suitable for the female patients with no requirement for feeding.
authors: Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
authors: Xiaorong
authors: X
authors: Yan
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Cen
authors: Danbo
authors: D
authors: Yang