title: Oxytocin is expressed throughout the human gastrointestinal tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have described that oxytocin exerts stimulatory or inhibitory effects on gut functions. Recently, mRNA for oxytocin and its receptor was found throughout the entire human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of this study was to examine the cellular localization and distribution of the corresponding proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Full-thickness biopsies from 24 patients, covering the entire GI tract, were collected during operations at the Department of Surgery in Malmö and Lund. The biopsies were taken from non_affected margins. The biopsies were fixed by immersion, rinsed in buffered sucrose, and kept frozen at 70 degrees C. Indirect immunofluorescence with primary antibodies to oxytocin and its receptor was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxytocin was expressed in nerve cell bodies and nerve fibres in the myenteric and submucous ganglia all along the GI tract. Immunoreactive nerve cell bodies in myenteric ganglia predominated in the proximal (antrum and duodenum) and distal gut, while those in the submucous ganglia were more numerous in the ileum and colon. The oxytocin receptor was not detectable by two different antibodies in any tissue in the GI tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxytocin is expressed in the myenteric and submucous ganglia and nerve fibres along the entire human GI tract. The role for oxytocin in the physiology and pathophysiology of the bowel remains to be settled.
authors: Department of Clinical Science, Gastroenterology, Malmö, Lund University, Sweden. bodil.ohlsson@med.lu.se
authors: Bodil
authors: B
authors: Ohlsson
authors: Mikael
authors: M
authors: Truedsson
authors: Pauline
authors: P
authors: Djerf
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Sundler