title: A new software tool for 3D motion analyses of the musculo-skeletal system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many clinical and biomechanical research studies, particularly in orthopaedics, nowadays involve forms of movement analysis. Gait analysis, video-fluoroscopy of joint replacement, pre-operative planning, surgical navigation, and standard radiostereometry would require tools for easy access to three-dimensional graphical representations of rigid segment motion. Relevant data from this variety of sources need to be organised in structured forms. Registration, integration, and synchronisation of segment position data are additional necessities. With this aim, the present work exploits the features of a software tool recently developed within a EU-funded project ('Multimod') in a series of different research studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard and advanced gait analysis on a normal subject, in vivo fluoroscopy-based three-dimensional motion of a replaced knee joint, patellar and ligament tracking on a knee specimen by a surgical navigation system, stem-to-femur migration pattern on a patient operated on total hip replacement, were analysed with standard techniques and all represented by this innovative software tool. Segment pose data were eventually obtained from these different techniques, and were successfully imported and organised in a hierarchical tree within the tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skeletal bony segments, prosthesis component models and ligament links were registered successfully to corresponding marker position data for effective three-dimensional animations. These were shown in various combinations, in different views, from different perspectives, according to possible specific research interests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bioengineering and medical professionals would be much facilitated in the interpretation of the motion analysis measurements necessary in their research fields, and would benefit therefore from this software tool.
authors: Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, 40139 Bologna, Italy. leardini@ior.it
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Leardini
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Belvedere
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Astolfi
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Fantozzi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Viceconti
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Taddei
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ensini
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Benedetti
authors: F
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authors: Catani