title: Neurosurgical treatment of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the role of neurosurgical techniques in treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the existing world literature searching (using PubMed, August 22, 2005) for key words 'multiple sclerosis' and multiple symptoms associated with MS including trigeminal neuralgia, pain (pump and rhizotomy), spasticity, intrathecal pump, hydrocephalus and stimulation (brain and spinal).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 1,404 articles met selection criteria. These were narrowed based upon uniqueness of technique described, nature of information provided and avoidance of redundancy. Further, the methods listed were classified into groups of cranial and spinal techniques. Indications, brief description of technique and outcome/side effects were noted for each technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A vast, growing body of literature exists for various neurosurgical applications for MS treatment. Older techniques such as rhizolysis for neuralgia and rhizotomy for spasticity have been modified using stereotactic radiosurgery and deep brain stimulation, along with central nervous system stimulation and intrathecal pumps. Other applications continue to be found with varying degrees of success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurosurgical techniques, based upon proper selection criteria, can significantly improve MS-related symptoms with low procedure-associated risk and therefore can substantially improve patients' quality of life.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport, 71130, USA. rp@thecnsnet.com
authors: Ravish V
authors: RV
authors: Patwardhan
authors: Alireza
authors: A
authors: Minagar
authors: Roger E
authors: RE
authors: Kelley
authors: Anil
authors: A
authors: Nanda