title: Watchful waiting for minor depression in primary care: remission rates and predictors of improvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to determine remission rates and predictors of improvement for minor depression following a 1-month watchful waiting period in primary care and to describe the watchful waiting processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to randomization into a clinical trial for minor depression, 111 participants were entered into a 1-month watchful waiting period. Depression severity and predictors of improvement were measured at the start of watchful waiting. At the end of watchful waiting, remission rates were calculated and predictor variables were analyzed for their contribution toward predicting improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remission rates were low, ranging from 9% to 13%, depending on the measure. Avoidant coping style and frequency of engaging in active pleasant events at baseline accounted for the majority of change in depression. During watchful waiting, about one fifth of the sample (21%) had at least one contact with their physician and 27% reported using self-initiated treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a low likelihood of spontaneous remission for treatment-seeking samples with minor depression in primary care. An avoidant coping style seriously interferes with remission, and engaging in regular active pleasant events confers an advantage. Feasible interventions for primary care that promote activity and decrease avoidant coping styles may improve outcomes. These findings may not generalize to community and non-treatment-seeking samples.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. mark.t.hegel@dartmouth.edu
authors: Mark T
authors: MT
authors: Hegel
authors: Thomas E
authors: TE
authors: Oxman
authors: Jay G
authors: JG
authors: Hull
authors: Karin
authors: K
authors: Swain
authors: Holly
authors: H
authors: Swick