title: Endothelin B receptor in human glaucoma and experimentally induced optic nerve damage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess endothelin B receptor (ETbR) expression in human glaucomatous optic nerves and the spatial relationship between ETbR and astrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six eyes from 16 glaucoma patients and 10 normal control subjects were immunohistochemically labeled with antibodies to ETbR. The immunoreactivity was quantified and compared between normal and glaucomatous eyes with an image analysis system. Tissues were also double-labeled for ETbR and astrocytes. In addition, the optic nerve of a monkey with regional degeneration induced by laser coagulation was examined with the same techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of positive ETbR immunoreactivity was higher in human glaucomatous optic nerves as compared with age-matched controls (9/16 vs 1/10, P = .02). The ETbR immunoreactivity colocalized with astrocytic processes and was quantitatively higher in the glaucomatous eyes (P = .02). In the monkey, the regions of degeneration showed increased ETbR associated with reactive astrocytes and was highest at the borders between normal areas and degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased ETbR immunoreactivity in diseased optic nerves and its association with astrocytes suggest that the glia-endothelin system may be involved in the pathologic mechanisms of neuronal degeneration. Clinical Relevance The study supports the clinical observation of endothelin involvement in glaucoma and provides direct evidence that the endothelin system is associated with glaucomatous pathologic abnormalities.
authors: Discoveries in Sight, Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR 97210, USA.
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Brad
authors: B
authors: Fortune
authors: Grant
authors: G
authors: Cull
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Dong
authors: George A
authors: GA
authors: Cioffi