title: Traumatic pediatric bile duct injury: nonoperative intervention as an alternative to surgical intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonoperative management of blunt pediatric liver injuries has become the standard of care in the absence of hemodynamic instability. However, associated bile duct injuries remain as difficult challenges. Few case reports have demonstrated the benefits of conservative approaches, but others have found better outcomes with surgical intervention. In this study, we report on our experience with interventional endoscopic and radiologic management of 5 pediatric patients with bile duct injuries who underwent unsuccessful surgical interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of all pediatric patients who were admitted with major blunt liver trauma and bile duct injuries over a period of 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 5 patients (4 boys and 1 girl) whose ages range from 3 to 11 years in this study. All patients had major liver laceration and bilomas. Two had intrahepatic and 3 had extra hepatic bile duct injuries (2 right hepatic ducts and 1 junction of cystic duct with common bile duct). All of them underwent previous laparotomies, once in 2 patients, twice in 2 patients, and thrice in 1 patient. All 5 patients were eventually treated successfully with interventional endoscopic and radiologic techniques. Three underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography stenting with percutaneous drainage. Two patients were managed with percutaneous drainage alone. The follow-up is up to 2.5 years with normal liver function test and bile duct ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the current advancement in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and intervention radiology techniques, we believe that interventional endoscopic and radiologic management of bile duct injuries caused by blunt trauma in children is successful and efficacious even after multiple laparotomies.
authors: Division of Pediatric Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, PO Box 84147, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Hamdi
authors: H
authors: Almaramhi
authors: Aayed R
authors: AR
authors: Al-Qahtani