title: The role of Doppler ultrasonography in determining the proper surgical approach to the management of varicocele in children and adolescents.
abstract: In a study from Italy, colour-Doppler ultrasonography was a reliable diagnostic tool in the preoperative assessment of patients with varicocele. The authors also found that it helped to distinguish those who could be treated laparoscopically from those who should be treated by microsurgical subinguinal ligature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) is a reliable diagnostic tool for selecting patients with varicocele to undergo either laparoscopy or open microsurgical subinguinal ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 3-year period, 42 boys affected by left varicocele were evaluated before surgery by inguinal and scrotal CDUS. Using this method it was possible to distinguish Coolsaet type-1 varicocele (due to isolated renal-internal spermatic vein reflux) and Coolsaet type-3 varicocele (due to associated renal-internal spermatic reflux and iliac-deferential reflux). Boys with Coolsaet type-1 varicocele were treated by a laparoscopic transperitoneal Palomo procedure, whereas those with Coolsaet type-3 varicoceles were treated by lymphatic-sparing microsurgical subinguinal ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The varicocele was Coolsaet type-3 in six patients (14%), who had microsurgical open surgery, and the remaining 36 (86%) had Coolsaet type-1 and had laparoscopic surgery. At the follow-up there was no venous scrotal reflux. In two patients in the laparoscopic group a hydrocele developed after surgery, which resolved spontaneously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that CDUS was a reliable diagnostic tool for assessing boys with varicocele. It clearly distinguished Coolsaet-type 1 varicoceles that can be treated laparoscopically, from Coolsaet type-3 varicoceles that should be treated with microsurgical subinguinal ligature.
authors: Cattedra di Chirurgia Paediatrica, Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy. mcimador@unipa.it
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Cimador
authors: Maria Rita
authors: MR
authors: Di Pace
authors: Marcello
authors: M
authors: Peritore
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Sergio
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Castagnetti
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: De Grazia