title: Oats in the treatment of childhood coeliac disease: a 2-year controlled trial and a long-term clinical follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exclusion of oats from the diet in coeliac disease is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term safety of oats in the treatment of children with coeliac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether 32 children with coeliac disease were enrolled in a 2-year controlled trial. Twenty-three children in remission were randomized either to oats or gluten challenge; when small bowel histological relapse was evident after gluten challenge, a gluten-free diet including oats was started. Furthermore, nine newly detected coeliac patients adopted an oat-containing gluten-free diet. Small bowel mucosal morphology, CD3+, alphabeta+ and gammadelta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DR expression and coeliac serology were determined. After the trial, the children were allowed to eat oats freely; follow-up was extended up to 7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In coeliac children in remission, oats had no detrimental effect on intestinal histology or serology during the 2-year trial. In contrast, the gluten-challenge group relapsed after 3-12 months. Complete recovery from the disease was accomplished in all relapsed and newly detected patients on an oat-containing gluten-free diet. After the trial, 86% of the children preferred to consume oats and they all remained in remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most children with coeliac disease, long-term consumption of oats is well tolerated, and it does not result in small bowel mucosal deterioration or immune activation.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Holm
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mäki
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Vuolteenaho
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Mustalahti
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ashorn
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Ruuska
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kaukinen