title: Depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II among injecting drug users.
abstract: This study conducts a confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) with a sample of 598 individuals who reported recent injecting drug use. Findings indicate that out of four models tested, the best model for this sample is a three-factor solution (somatic, affective, and cognitive) previously reported by Buckley, Parker, and Heggie. The findings that nearly 50% of participants provided BDI-II scores indicating significant depressive symptomatology reveals that these individuals are in need of treatment for their psychiatric symptoms as well as substance use. Somatic symptoms are endorsed more strongly than affective or cognitive symptoms of depression, suggesting a possible, but yet poorly defined, relationship between depressive symptomatology and drug use that centers on shared somatic symptomatology.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage, 99508, USA. mejohnson@uaa.alaska.edu
authors: Mark E
authors: ME
authors: Johnson
authors: David B
authors: DB
authors: Neal
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Brems
authors: Dennis G
authors: DG
authors: Fisher