title: Clopidogrel reduces the development of transplant arteriosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplant arteriosclerosis, the hallmark feature of chronic rejection, is still the major limiting factor for the long-term success of heart transplantation. Platelets have been implicated to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate whether platelet inhibition alone has a positive effect on the development of transplant arteriosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched C57BL/6 (H2(b)) donor aortas were transplanted into CBA (H2(k)) recipients, and mice received different doses (1, 10, and 20 mg/kg) of clopidogrel or control saline as a daily intraperitoneal injection for 30 days. Blood was analyzed on days 2, 7, 14, and 30 by using a platelet aggregation test (adenosine diphosphate) for effectiveness of the treatment. Grafts were analyzed by means of histology and morphometry on day 30 after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When mice were treated daily with 1 mg/kg clopidogrel in the absence of any other immunosuppression, transplant arteriosclerosis was significantly reduced compared with that seen in saline-treated control animals (intimal proliferation of 66% +/- 9% [1 mg/kg clopidogrel] vs 77% +/- 5% [control], n = 7, P < or = .03). Daily application of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg clopidogrel also significantly reduced the development of transplant arteriosclerosis compared with that seen in control animals (intimal proliferation of 61% +/- 11% [10 mg/kg clopidogrel] vs 54% +/- 10% [20 mg/kg clopidogrel] vs 77% +/- 5% [control], n = 8, P < or = .003). There was, however, no additional beneficial effect when compared with mice treated with 1 mg/kg clopidogrel (P = .06). Isografts did not show any signs of vascular lesions on day 30 after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that monotherapy with clopidogrel can effectively reduce the formation of transplant arteriosclerosis in a murine aortic allograft model.
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute for Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors: Silke
authors: S
authors: Abele
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Weyand
authors: Martina
authors: M
authors: Wollin
authors: Nicola E
authors: NE
authors: Hiemann
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Harig
authors: Teddy
authors: T
authors: Fischlein
authors: Stephan M
authors: SM
authors: Ensminger