Virus electrodes for universal biodetection.
A dense virus layer, readily tailored for recognition of essentially any biomarker, was covalently attached to a gold electrode surface through a self-assembled monolayer. The resistance of this "virus electrode", Z(Re), measured in the frequency range from 2 to 500 kHz in a salt-based pH 7.2 buffer, increased when the phage particles selectively bound either an antibody or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a biomarker for prostate cancer. In contrast to prior results, we show the capacitive impedence of the virus electrode, Z(Im), is both a noisier and a less sensitive indicator of this binding compared to Z(Re). The specificity of antibody and PSMA binding, and the absence of nonspecific binding to the virus electrode, was confirmed using quartz crystal microbalance gravimetry.
Yang
Li-Mei C
LM
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
Tam
Phillip Y
PY
Murray
Benjamin J
BJ
McIntire
Theresa M
TM
Overstreet
Cathie M
CM
Weiss
Gregory A
GA
Penner
Reginald M
RM