title: Diversity of cutaneous human papillomavirus types in individuals with and without skin lesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) is ubiquitous on the skin of normal and immunosuppressed hosts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe the diversity of HPV types in skin specimens using PCR-sequencing directly and after cloning with FAP59/64 or HVP2/B5 primers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of skin swabs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five (92.6%) of 81 subjects provided samples that could be analysed with PCR (34 healthy controls <50 years old, 13 healthy controls > or =50 years old, 12 with actinic keratosis (AK), 8 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 8 renal transplant recipients). HPV DNA was detected more frequently with FAP59/64 (68/75, 91%) than with HVP2/B5 (9/75, 12%) (p<0.001). Agreement of typing results using FAP59/64 primers with both sequencing strategies was fair (mean kappa 0.56+/-0.19, 95% CI: 0.46-0.65). HPV species 1 and 2 of the beta-papillomavirus genus were associated with the presence of AK (OR=24.8, 95% CI: 2.3-262.6). A greater number of HPV types per sample was found in individuals with AK or SCC (p=0.046) or AK alone (p=0.02), than in healthy participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection on the skin is best evaluated with a combination of primers and sequencing strategies. Novel putative types were frequently detected in SCC. Skin lesions have a greater number of HPV types than normal skin.
authors: Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche, Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, et Medecine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Canada H2L 4M1.
authors: Laila
authors: L
authors: Alotaibi
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Provost
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Gagnon
authors: Eduardo L
authors: EL
authors: Franco
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Coutlée