title: The significance of crossovers after randomization in the STICH trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Of all forms of stroke, spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) causes the highest morbidity and mortality. The Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH) found no difference in outcomes between patients randomized to surgical or conservative treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 530 patients randomized to initial conservative treatment, 140 crossed over to surgery. This study examines the variables associated with crossover.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dominant features of the crossover group were: male, (p = 0.04), right-sided clot (p = 0.03), lobar clot (p = 0.003), clot volume (median 64 mL for crossovers vs. 38 mL for others, p < 0.00001), midline shift (median 6 mm for crossovers vs. 3 mm for others, p < 0.00001), superficial clot (median 1.3 mm for crossovers vs. 11.5 mm for others, p < 0.00001), and randomization within 12 hours of ictus (p < 0.0005). Thalamic location (p = 0.002) was under-represented. Intraventricular haemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and focal deficits were not associated with crossover. Craniotomy was the method of evacuation in 85% of crossover patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crossover to surgery was more likely when ICH had these features: Right side, lobar location, superficial, large volume, big shift, and early randomization. Crossovers formed a worse prognostic group compared to non-crossovers. Surgery did not affect trial results, which were analyzed by intention-to-treat.
authors: Regional Neurosciences Centre, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
authors: K S M
authors: KS
authors: Prasad
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Gregson
authors: P S
authors: PS
authors: Bhattathiri
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Mitchell
authors: A D
authors: AD
authors: Mendelow