title: The effect of age, race and gender on preference scores for hypothetical health states.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preferences are known to vary by individuals' personal experience with a health state, but variation among respondents' scoring of the same hypothetical state is unproven but relevant to the use of community-perspective preference scores. This research explored the systematic contribution of respondents' age, race and gender to variability in community perspective preferences for hypothetical health states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from four community samples were pooled for the analysis. Linear regression modeling was used to test for the effect of respondent age, race and gender on preference scores while controlling for health state severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this sample of 956 preference scores from 390 individuals across 4 studies, older respondents provided lower preference scores for the same hypothetical health state compared with younger respondents (regression coefficient for 1 year of age = -0.002, p < 0.001), and white individuals provided higher preference scores for the same states compared with non-white individuals (regression coefficient = 0.056, p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preferences for hypothetical health states may vary by the age and race of the respondent providing the score. Community-perspective preferences should thus be elicited from large, random samples of the relevant population to ensure variation on these as well as other yet-unidentified characteristics that may affect scores.
authors: Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, 101 Merrimac Street, 10th floor, Boston, 02114, USA. eve@mgh-ita.org
authors: Eve
authors: E
authors: Wittenberg
authors: Elkan
authors: E
authors: Halpern
authors: Nomia
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authors: Lisa A
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authors: Prosser
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authors: Araki
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