title: Disentangling gender and age effects on risky single occasion drinking during adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the association between adolescent risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) and gender, age, and the relative age position of students within their class.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional national representative sample of 7088 from 8th to 10th graders in Switzerland (mean age 14.6; SD = 0.94) as part of the ESPAD international study was analysed using hierarchical linear modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Being male, older than the class average and a member of older classes (on average) was associated with a higher RSOD frequency. Additionally, interactions between student and class level were found. The higher the mean class age the greater the difference in RSOD between boys and girls, and the lower the impact on RSOD of the relative age position in a class.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In early and mid-adolescence, prevention efforts should try to impede the modelling of alcohol use of older classmates, whereas in late adolescence gender-specific motives for RSOD should be taken into account.
authors: Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol and Drug Problems (SIPA), Research Department, Lausanne, Switzerland. ekuntsche@sfa-ispa.ch
authors: Emmanuel
authors: E
authors: Kuntsche
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Gmel
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Wicki
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Rehm
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Grichting