title: Controlled trial of D-cycloserine adjuvant therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compounds that reduce N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function, including NMDAR antagonists and partial agonists at the NMDAR-associated glycine (GLY) site, may act as antidepressants. The antibiotic drug d-cycloserine (DCS) acts as a partial agonist at the NMDAR-GLY site. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that at dosages >or=100 mg/day DCS acts as a functional NMDAR antagonist and may have antidepressant effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two treatment resistant major depression patients participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-week crossover trial with 250 mg/day DCS added to their ongoing antidepressant medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DCS treatment was well tolerated and resulted in symptom reductions. However, biweekly-performed clinical assessments, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale did not reveal statistically significant therapeutic advantages of DCS vs. placebo adjuvant treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small sample, uneven treatment resistance criteria across subjects. The exposure to DCS (dose/length of treatment) may not have been sufficient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This exploratory study represents the first attempt to assess the effects of a NMDAR-GLY site partial agonist in depression treatment. The findings and limitations of this study should be taken into account in the planning of future clinical trials with NMDAR modulators in depression.
authors: Ezrath Nashim-Herzog Memorial Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. heresco@md.huji.ac.il
authors: Uriel
authors: U
authors: Heresco-Levy
authors: Daniel C
authors: DC
authors: Javitt
authors: Yovgenia
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authors: Gelfin
authors: Elena
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authors: Gorelik
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Bar
authors: Monica
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authors: Blanaru
authors: Ilana
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authors: Kremer