title: Stress monitoring of ambulance personnel during work and leisure time.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to assess physiological and subjective stress markers during a 24-h ambulance work shift and during the next two work-free days, and relate these parameters to self-reported health complaints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six ambulance personnel were followed during a 24-h work shift and during the next two work-free days with electrocardiogram, cortisol assessments and diary notes. The ambulance personnel also performed tests of autonomic reactivity before and at the end of the work shift. The subjects were categorized into two groups according to their number of health complaints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, stress markers did not show differences between the work shift and leisure time. However, a modest deviation in heart rate variability pattern and higher morning cortisol values during work in comparison with work-free days were observed in personnel with many health complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjective and physiological characteristics of ambulance personnel did not indicate distinctive stress during the 24-h work shift. Relationships between frequent health complaints and specific work-related factors require further prospective studies.
authors: Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, PO Box 7629, 907 12 , Umea, Sweden. uaa@hig.se
authors: Ulrika
authors: U
authors: Aasa
authors: Nebojsa
authors: N
authors: Kalezic
authors: Eugene
authors: E
authors: Lyskov
authors: Karl-Axel
authors: KA
authors: Angquist
authors: Margareta
authors: M
authors: Barnekow-Bergkvist