title: The spectrum of bone disease in Jordanian hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the spectrum of mineral abnormalities and bone disease (BD) in hemodialysis patients at Jordan University Hospital (JUH), Amman, Jordan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 63 patients (38 males and 25 females), mean age 44.19 years (range 17-76 years), with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on regular hemodialysis at JUH between November 2004 and April 2005. All patients have undergone complete blood count, chemistry profile, alkaline phosphatase, serum albumin, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and plain x-rays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone disorders were identified in 45 patients on x-rays (70%). Osteopenia was found in 43 patients (68.3%), subperiosteal resorption in 24 patients (38.3%) and metastatic calcification in 22 patients (35%). Hypocalcemia was found in 28.6% and hypercalcemia in 7.9%. All patients were taking calcium carbonate, and 55.5% of patients were on vitamin D supplements. The calcium levels in 63.5% and the phosphorus levels in 50.8% of patients were within the recommended guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI). Serum i-PTH level was above 300 pg/ml high turnover bone disease in 24.6% of patients, 21.3% had iPTH of 150-300 pg/ml target, and 44.3% had i-PTH levels below 100 pg/mL suggesting a dynamic bone disease. Patients with severe bone disease had a statistically significant higher iPTH levels (p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone disease and mineral abnormalities are common in hemodialysis patients at JUH. Earlier detection of bone disease and better overall management strategy may reduce the frequency and severity of bone disease in CKD patients in Jordan.
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Jordan, PO Box 13024, Amman 11942, Jordan. niyounes@ju.edu.jo
authors: Nidal A
authors: NA
authors: Younes
authors: Ayman
authors: A
authors: Wahbeh
authors: Walid
authors: W
authors: Mahafzah
authors: Wadad
authors: W
authors: Ailabouni
authors: Mazen
authors: M
authors: Al-Mansour
authors: Yousef
authors: Y
authors: Hamzah
authors: Ahmad S
authors: AS
authors: Sroujieh