title: Retinal vessel diameters and risk of stroke: the Rotterdam Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retinal vessels may provide information on cerebral vascular pathology, because they share many features with cerebral vessels. A smaller ratio of the retinal arteriolar-to-venular diameters reportedly predicts the risk of stroke. It is unclear if this is due to arteriolar narrowing or venular dilation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether smaller arteriolar or larger venular diameters are related to the risk of stroke and cerebral infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based on the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study and included 5,540 participants of 55 years or over, who had gradable fundus transparencies and were free of stroke at baseline (1990 to 1993). For each participant, retinal arteriolar and venular diameters were measured on digitized images of one eye. Follow-up for first-ever stroke was complete until January 1, 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 8.5 years, 411 participants had a stroke, of whom 259 had cerebral infarction. Larger venular diameters were associated with an increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR] adjusted for age and sex per SD increase: 1.12 [95% CI: 1.02 to 1.24]) and cerebral infarction (HR: 1.15 [95% CI: 1.02 to 1.29]). Smaller arteriolar diameters were neither related to the risk of stroke (HR per SD decrease: 1.02 [95% CI: 0.93 to 1.13]) nor to the risk of cerebral infarction (HR: 1.02 [95% CI: 0.90 to 1.15]). After additional adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, the results did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Larger retinal venular diameters are associated with an increased risk of stroke and cerebral infarction. The role of venules in cerebrovascular disease warrants further exploration.
authors: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Ikram
authors: F J
authors: FJ
authors: de Jong
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Bos
authors: J R
authors: JR
authors: Vingerling
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Hofman
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Koudstaal
authors: P T V M
authors: PT
authors: de Jong
authors: M M B
authors: MM
authors: Breteler