title: Event driven electrical stimulation of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve for management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of automatic event driven electrical stimulation on the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve for management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10 patients participated in the study. Detrusor pressure was recorded during physiological filling of the bladder and electrical stimulation was applied with surface electrodes whenever the detrusor pressure exceeded 10 cm H(2)O.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In seven of the eight patients, where neurogenic detrusor overactivity was observed an average of 12 detrusor contractions could be inhibited by stimulation. In one patient, however, stimulation failed to inhibit the detrusor contractions. The average increase in bladder volume from first suppressed detrusor contraction until leakage was 94% (range: 22-366%). On average, the time from first suppressed contraction until leakage was 15 min and 50 sec (range: 4 min 58 sec-32 min 5 sec) with an average physiological filling rate of 8 ml/min. Urgency was effectively suppressed at the onset of stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that involuntary detrusor contractions in patients with multiple sclerosis can effectively be inhibited with event driven stimulation, hereby improving bladder capacity and reducing the number of incontinence episodes. However, the used method for detecting detrusor contractions is not suitable in a chronic setting and alternative techniques needs to be investigated if stimulation should be applied automatically.
authors: Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg Oest, Denmark. mvf@smi.auc.dk
authors: Morten Voss
authors: MV
authors: Fjorback
authors: Nico
authors: N
authors: Rijkhoff
authors: Thor
authors: T
authors: Petersen
authors: Mads
authors: M
authors: Nohr
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Sinkjaer