Functioning and subjective health among stroke survivors after discharge from hospital.
OBJECTIVE
This paper reports a study exploring functioning (functions, activities and participation) and subjective health among stroke survivors 6 months after discharge from hospital. A further aim was to investigate patterns of functions and activities, and associations between functioning and subjective health.


BACKGROUND
Nurses tend to emphasize functional and activity outcomes and rarely look to people's participation in their social world. By integrating individual and social contextual factors in their assessments, nurses will have a powerful tool to broaden their outlook. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health can be used as a framework for understanding the consequences of stroke. Studies are needed, however to make the International Classification of Functioning operational for practical use.


METHODS
A cross-sectional and explorative design was used using structured interviews and assessments with a number of scales with 89 stroke survivors 6 months after their hospital stay. The measures used were Personal Activities of Daily Living, including cognitive ability, transfer, dressing, bathing, energy to eat, ingestion, swallowing, going to the toilet, faecal continence, and urinary continence; and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, including washing clothes, cooking, cleaning, transport and shopping. Factor analysis was performed for functions and activities and the final solution had an explained variance of 70%. The data were collected during autumn 2003 and spring 2004.


RESULTS
Close associations (r(s) > 0.5) were found between Activities of Daily Living in relation to participation and subjective physical health.


CONCLUSIONS
Existing Activities of Daily Living scales were expanded and found to relate to a participation scale and a subjective health scale. Using these scales in nursing care has the potential to correct current bias towards functions and activities by broadening the focus to include the social as well as the physical.
Pajalic
Zada
Z
Department of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden. zada.pajalic@hv.hkr.se
Karlsson
Siv
S
Westergren
Albert
A