title: A study exploring the role of intercostal nerve damage in chronic pain after thoracic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of intra-operative nerve damage and its association with chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our prospective study of 33 patients used nerve conduction studies to assess intercostal nerve function during elective thoracic surgical procedures. We used two methods to study nerve conduction: pre-operative magnetic stimulation (in 10 patients) and intra-operative nerve conduction studies (in all patients) We correlated these findings with specific intra-operative parameters, pain and psychological questionnaires pre-op and 3 month post-op and altered cutaneous sensation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magstim (magnetic stimulation) assessments were not reliable and were therefore abandoned. Intraoperative intercostal nerve studies revealed two distinct patterns of nerve injury and also that nerve injury was less in those cases where a rib was not resected. However, intercostal nerve damage detected at the time of operation is not associated with chronic pain or altered cutaneous sensation at 3 months post-op.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings suggest that either the amount of intra-operative intercostal nerve damage is not indicative of long-term nerve damage or that there is a more significant cause for chronic pain other than intercostal nerve injury.
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital Trust, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK. mrmmaguire@hotmail.com
authors: Michael F
authors: MF
authors: Maguire
authors: Janet A
authors: JA
authors: Latter
authors: Ravi
authors: R
authors: Mahajan
authors: F David
authors: FD
authors: Beggs
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Duffy