title: Early assessment of brain maturation by MR imaging segmentation in neonates and premature infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the impact of premature extrauterine life on brain maturation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve neonates underwent MR imaging at 40 (39.64 +/- 0.98) weeks (full term). Fifteen premature infants underwent 2 MR imaging examinations, after birth (preterm at birth) and at 40 weeks (41.03 +/- 1.33) (preterm at term). A 3D MR imaging technique was used to measure brain volumes compared with intracranial volume: total brain volume, cortical gray matter, myelinated white matter, unmyelinated white matter, basal ganglia (BG), and CSF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average absolute volume of intracranial volume (269.8 mL +/- 36.5), total brain volume (246.5 +/- 32.3), cortical gray matter (85.53 mL +/- 22.23), unmyelinated white matter (142.4 mL +/-14.98), and myelinated white matter (6.099 mL +/-1.82) for preterm at birth was significantly lower compared with that for the preterm at term: the average global volume of intracranial volume (431.7 +/- 69.98), total brain volume (391 +/- 66,1), cortical gray matter (179 mL +/- 41.54), unmyelinated white matter (185.3 mL +/- 30.8), and myelinated white matter (10.66 mL +/- 3.05). It was also lower compared with that of full-term infants: intracranial volume (427.4 mL +/- 53.84), total brain volume (394 +/- 49.22), cortical gray matter (181.4 +/- 29.27), unmyelinated white matter (183.4 +/- 27.37), and myelinated white matter (10.72 +/- 4.63). The relative volume of cortical gray matter (30.62 +/- 5.13) and of unmyelinated white matter (53.15 +/- 4.8) for preterm at birth was significantly different compared with the relative volume of cortical gray matter (41.05 +/- 5.44) and of unmyelinated white matter (43.22 +/- 5.11) for the preterm at term. Premature infants had similar brain tissue volumes at 40 weeks to full-term infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR segmentation techniques demonstrate that cortical neonatal maturation in moderately premature infants at term and term-born infants was similar.
authors: Neuroradiology Unit, Radiology Department, Geneva University, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Zacharia
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zimine
authors: K O
authors: KO
authors: Lovblad
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Warfield
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Thoeny
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Ozdoba
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bossi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Kreis
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Boesch
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Schroth
authors: P S
authors: PS
authors: Hüppi