title: Co-infections of adenovirus species in previously vaccinated patients.
abstract: Despite the success of the adenovirus vaccine administered to US military trainees, acute respiratory disease (ARD) surveillance still detected breakthrough infections (respiratory illnesses associated with the adenovirus serotypes specifically targeted by the vaccine). To explore the role of adenoviral co-infection (simultaneous infection by multiple pathogenic adenovirus species) in breakthrough disease, we examined specimens from patients with ARD by using 3 methods to detect multiple adenoviral species: a DNA microarray, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a multiplex PCR assay. Analysis of 52 samples (21 vaccinated, 31 unvaccinated) collected from 1996 to 2000 showed that all vaccinated samples had co-infections. Most of these co-infections were community-acquired serotypes of species B1 and E. Unvaccinated samples primarily contained only 1 species (species E) associated with adult respiratory illness. This study highlights the rarely reported phenomenon of adenoviral co-infections in a clinically relevant environment suitable for the generation of new recombinational variants.
authors.affiliation: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: Baochuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gratwick
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meador
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Clark
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tibbetts
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stenger
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Anjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purkayastha
authors.forename: Nikki E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: Marylou G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Metzgar
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D012703:Serotyping / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines