title: Redox regulation of angiotensin II preconditioning of the myocardium requires MAP kinase signaling.
abstract: A recent study documented reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated through NADPH oxidase by angiotensin II (Ang II) with the activation of NADPH oxidase subunits, p22phox and gp91phox, to be responsible for the preconditioning effect of Ang II. The present study was designed to determine if similar to ischemic preconditioning (PC), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are also involved in Ang II PC of the heart. Isolated working rat hearts were perfused for 15 min with KHB (Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate) buffer containing Ang II in the absence or presence of an Erk (1/2) inhibitor, PD 098059, a p38MAPK inhibitor, SB 202190, a JNK inhibitor, SP 600125 or a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). All hearts were subsequently subjected to 30 min global ischemia followed by 2 h reperfusion with KHB buffer only. Cardioprotection was examined by determining infarct size, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ventricular recovery. Redox and MAP kinase regulation were studied by determining the survival signaling mediated by Akt and Bcl-2. In consistent with previous results, Ang II preconditioned the heart as evidenced by improved postischemic ventricular recovery and reduced infarct size and decreases cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Ang II phosphorylated both Akt, Bcl-2 and Bad, which was blocked by NAC, PD 098059 or SP 600125, but not by SB 202190. NAC, PD 098059 and SP600125, but not SB202190, also abolished the cardioprotective effect of Ang II preconditioning. The results indicate that Ang II preconditioning is potentiated through MAP kinases that are regulated by redox signaling.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, 6030-1110, USA.
authors.forename: Samarjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Nilanjana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maulik
authors.forename: Dipak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D010477:Perfusion; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000804:Angiotensin II; C023107:NADH oxidase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D011494:Protein Kinases