title: Intrastromal corneal ring implantation (360 degrees ring) for myopia: a 5-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stability of correction is a major factor for successful refractive surgery. Intrastromal corneal rings were placed for the correction of low to moderate myopia beginning 10 years ago. The purpose of this study was to evaluate findings in patients 5 years after ring placement and to compare these findings with 1-year results to assess the stability of effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two patients (113 eyes) with myopia (range, -0.75 to -4.50 diopters [D]) were treated with the placement of intrastromal corneal rings (360 degrees ), in a multicenter clinical trial between 1993 and 1994 under U.S. Food and Drug Administration phase II and phase III clinical trials. Six insert sizes were evaluated: 0.21, 0.25, 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45 mm. The long-term results that were evaluated were uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction spherical equivalent at 5 years and proximity of this value to the target refraction determined preoperatively, induced manifest refraction cylinder, and slitlamp findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data at the 5-year follow-up showed that uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 83% of eyes and 20/20 or better in 64% of eyes, compared to 88% and 43%, respectively, at the first year of follow-up. Only 7% of eyes lost two or more lines of preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity at 5 years, compared to 11% at the first year. No eyes at the 1- or 5-year follow-up had a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40. Cycloplegic refraction spherical equivalent was within 1.00 D of target refraction in 68% of eyes at 5 years, compared to 71% at the 1-year follow-up. Induced manifest refraction cylinder greater than 1.00 D was reduced to 5% of eyes in the fifth year, compared to 12% of eyes at year 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrastromal corneal rings are a safe, effective, and stable method of correcting mild to moderate myopia, and most patients continue to be satisfied with the results after 5 years. There was no clinically significant change in refractive effect and the central corneas remained clear at the 5-year follow-up in all eyes studied. Further data are currently being collected for 10-year follow-up periods. It is hypothesized that the use of intrastromal corneal rings as a refractive option for mild to moderate myopia will be supported by these additional longitudinal data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Bernard O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Tinio
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Babayan
authors.forename: Huma N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Naikoo
authors.forename: Bingjing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Penny A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Asbell
mesh_terms: D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity