title: Failing to deactivate: resting functional abnormalities in autism.
abstract: Several regions of the brain (including medial prefrontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and precuneus) are known to have high metabolic activity during rest, which is suppressed during cognitively demanding tasks. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this suppression of activity is observed as "deactivations," which are thought to be indicative of an interruption of the mental activity that persists during rest. Thus, measuring deactivation provides a means by which rest-associated functional activity can be quantitatively examined. Applying this approach to autism, we found that the autism group failed to demonstrate this deactivation effect. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between a clinical measure of social impairment and functional activity within the ventral medial prefrontal cortex. We speculate that the lack of deactivation in the autism group is indicative of abnormal internally directed processes at rest, which may be an important contribution to the social and emotional deficits of autism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, and Psychology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. dkennedy@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Redcay
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Courchesne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001288:Attention; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009043:Motor Activity; D009434:Neural Pathways; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance