title: Hopelessness and suicide risk emerge in psychiatric nurses suffering from burnout and using specific defense mechanisms.
abstract: Burnout in psychiatric nurses is a phenomenon of great concern. We conducted an investigation of 120 nurses working in the psychiatric, general medicine/rehabilitation, and critical care/surgery wards to explore the correlations of level of burnout and defense mechanisms with hopelessness. The nurses were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Gleser and Ihilevich's Defense Mechanisms Inventory, and Beck's Hopelessness Scale. The results indicate that burnout and some of the defense mechanisms predicted the level of hopelessness -- a predictor of suicide risk.
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. maurizio.pompili@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruberto
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatarelli
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D003422:Critical Care; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009013:Morale; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D013527:Perioperative Nursing; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing; D012307:Risk Factors; D012384:Rome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires