title: Violence, zero tolerance and the subversion of professional practice.
abstract: Assaults on health care staff have been a fact of life since the earliest years of organised health services, but it is only in recent years that governments have begun to acknowledge the problem. Assaults not only inflict physical and emotional injury, but undermine morale, create a climate of fear, and subvert the quality of care. They are also costly in terms of lost labour, compensation, and legal and procedural expenses. The response to violence in health care settings has thus far ranged from what might be called the 'Ostrich position', in which it is simply ignored, to training in self-defence, the deployment of security staff in clinical areas, conflict resolution training and, more recently, the policy of 'zero tolerance'. This paper examines the rationale for zero tolerance policies, drawing on their origins and applications in the United States and Britain. It suggests that zero tolerance is an ineffective response to violence in health care settings, and its adoption by authorities in Australia should be rejected. It is further argued, that resource allocation and marginalisation are identifiable and modifiable factors contributing to violence in our health care systems.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland.
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D004995:Ethics, Professional; D006282:Health Personnel; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D012308:Risk Management / Q000941:ethics / Q000379:methods*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control*