title: Immunohistochemical test for MLH1 and MSH2 expression predicts clinical outcome in stage II and III colorectal cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prognostic significance of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status in a large series of stage II and III colorectal cancer patients. The relationship among MMR status, adjuvant chemotherapy, and clinical outcome was also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 718 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (393 stage II and 325 stage III) who underwent curative surgical resection. MMR status was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of MLH1 and MSH2 expression. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was assessed in 363 patients using mononucleotide and dinucleotide markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fourteen (15.9%) carcinomas showed abnormal MMR protein (MMRP) expression (96 MLH1 negative and 18 MSH2 negative) and were classified as MMRP negative, whereas 604 tumors demonstrated normal MLH1/MSH2 immunoreactivity (MMRP positive). MLH1/MSH2 expression was closely related to MSI status (P < .001) and several clinicopathologic features. Patients with MMRP-negative carcinomas demonstrated a marked reduction in the risk of cancer-related death with respect to patients with MMRP-positive tumors (hazard ratio, 0.2579; 95% CI, 0.1289 to 0.5159). A better clinical outcome for patients with MMRP-negative tumors was observed in both stage II (P = .0006) and stage III (P = .0052) disease. In stage III disease, the survival advantage conferred by MMRP-negative tumors was more evident among patients treated with surgery alone than among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. A nonsignificant trend for survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy was observed among patients with MMRP-positive carcinomas but not among those with MMRP-negative carcinomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemical testing for MLH1/MSH2 expression provides useful prognostic information for the management of stage II and III colorectal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. lng@unife.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gafà
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maestri
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guerzoni
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cavazzini
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D003082:Colectomy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D000070956:MutL Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C088996:PMS1 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D000070956:MutL Proteins