title: Levels of retinyl palmitate and retinol in stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis of SKH-1 mice.
abstract: Vitamin A (retinol) regulates many biological functions, including epidermal cell growth. Retinyl palmitate (RP) is the major esterified form of retinol and the predominant component of retinoids in the skin; however, how endogenous levels of RP and retinol in the skin are affected by the age of the animal remains unknown. Furthermore, the levels of retinol and RP in the various skin layers - the stratum corneum, epidermis and dermis of skin - have not been reported. In this paper, we report the development of a convenient method for separation of the skin from SKH-1 female mice into the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis and the determination of the levels of RP and retinol in the three fractions by HPLC analysis. The total quantities of RP and retinol from the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis are comparable to those extracted from the same amount of intact skin from the same mouse. There was an age-related effect on the levels of RP and retinol in the skin and liver of female mice. An age-related effect was also observed in the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis. The levels of RP and retinol were highest in the epidermis of 20-week-old mice, and decreased when the age increased to 60- and 68-weeks. The total amount of RP at 20 weeks of age was found to be 1.52 ng/mg skin, and decreased about 4-fold at 60- and 68-weeks of age. A similar trend was found for the effects of age on the levels of retinol.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Qingsu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Warbritton
authors.forename: Wayne G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wamer
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism; D004224:Diterpenes; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate