title: What is the most cost-effective treatment for 1 to 2-cm bulbar urethral strictures: societal approach using decision analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) and urethroplasty are the primary methods of managing urethral stricture disease. Using decision analysis, we determine the cost-effectiveness of different management strategies for short, bulbar urethral strictures 1 to 2 cm in length.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision tree was constructed, with the number of planned possible DVIUs before attempting urethroplasty defined for each primary branch point. Success rates were obtained from published reports. Costs were estimated from a societal perspective and included the costs of the procedures and office visits and lost wages from convalescence. Sensitivity analyses were conducted, varying the success rates of the procedures and cost estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most cost-effective approach was one DVIU before urethroplasty. The incremental cost of performing a second DVIU before attempting urethroplasty was $141,962 for each additional successfully voiding patient. In the sensitivity analysis, urethroplasty as the primary therapy was cost-effective only when the expected success rate of the first DVIU was less than 35%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most cost-effective strategy for the management of short, bulbar urethral strictures is to reserve urethroplasty for patients in whom a single endoscopic attempt fails. For longer strictures for which the success rate of DVIU is expected to be less than 35%, urethroplasty as primary therapy is cost-effective. Future prospective, multicenter studies of DVIU and urethroplasty outcomes would help enhance the accuracy of our model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Hunter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wessells
authors.forename: Avery B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nathens
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hollingworth
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018803:Models, Economic; D012086:Reoperation; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000191:economics*