title: Recent advances in external genitalia.
abstract: In the last decade, significant progress in the knowledge and management of external genital anomalies has been achieved, including an improved understanding of epidemiology and pathophysiology of these anomalies, the identification of etiologic genetic defects, and significant improvements in surgical approaches that have decreased complications and improved cosmetic outcomes. We highlight the most clinically important advances of the commonly encountered external genital anomalies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dalhousie University Medical School, 5850-5890 University Avenue, PO Box 9700, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3K 6R8. Dawn.MacLellan@iwk.nsheath.ca
authors.forename: Dawn L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: MacLellan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D004842:Epispadias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014646:Varicocele / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery