title: Cardiovascular function in multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: normal values by age, sex, and ethnicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MRI provides accurate and high-resolution measurements of cardiac anatomy and function. The purpose of this study was to describe the imaging protocol and normal values of left ventricular (LV) function and mass in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred participants (400 men, 400 women) in four age strata (45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84 years) were chosen at random. Participants with the following known cardiovascular risk factors were excluded: current smoker, systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg, fasting glucose > 110 mg/dL, total cholesterol > 240 mg/dL, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < 40 mg/dL. Cardiac MR images were analyzed using MASS software (version 4.2). Mean values, SDs, and correlation coefficients in relationship to patient age were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in LV volumes and mass between men and women. LV volumes were inversely associated with age (p < 0.05) for both sexes except for the LV end-systolic volume index. For men, LV mass was inversely associated with age (slope = -0.72 g/year, p = 0.0021), but LV mass index was not associated with age (slope = -0.179 g/m2/year, p = 0.075). For women, LV mass (slope = -0.15 g/year, p = 0.30) and LV mass index (slope = 0.0044 g/m2/year, p = 0.95) were not associated with age. LV mass was the largest in the African-American group (men, 181.6 +/- 35.8 [SD] g; women, 128.8 +/- 28.1 g) and was smallest in the Asian-American group (men, 129.1 +/- 20.0 g; women, 89.4 +/- 13.3 g).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normal LV differs in volume and mass between sexes and among certain ethnic groups. When indexed by body surface area, LV mass was independent of age for both sexes. Studies that assess cardiovascular risk factors in relationship to cardiac function and structure need to account for these normal variations in the population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natori
authors.forename: Shenghan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Antoinette S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: W Gregory
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jerosch-Herold
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Shantanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Joao A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D044465:White People