title: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulation in Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris MG1363 or relA mutant at low pH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the phenotype of a relA acid-resistant mutant of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris MG1363, and to compare the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulation in both strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris MG1363 and the relA mutant affected in the (p)ppGpp synthetase were grown in a series of batch-mode fermentation at different pH-regulated conditions with glucose as carbon substrate. All the determinants of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) regulation were quantified. In L. lactis MG1363, the GAPDH was strongly inhibited in vitro by decreased pH values, but this inhibition was totally compensated in vivo by the lower NADH/NAD+ ratio and more efficiently by the important increase in the intracellular amount of GAPDH. In contrast to the wild type, GAPDH activity of the relA strain was not increased when grown at low pH but the level of GAPDH remained constitutively high. However, pH homeostasis was not improved in the relA mutant and it grew slower and exhibited a lower glycolytic flux than the wild-type strain at low pH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a better resistance to acid stress, the increased survival in L. lactis relA mutant at low pH was not related with an improved pH homeostasis but was associated with a diminished capacity to maintain a high flux through glycolysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phenotype of a strong acid-resistant L. lactis strain was established in acid conditions and some key metabolic parameters compared with the wild type. This analysis led to the conclusion that growth and survival seem to be antinomic parameters, since improving one of them leads to a decrease in the other one.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie-Bioprocédés, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, UMR INSA/CNRS 5504 & UMR INSA/INKA 792 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mercade
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cocaign-Bousquet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loubière
mesh_terms: D001432:Bacteriology; D003470:Culture Media; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005947:Glucose; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D019289:Pyruvic Acid
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D008025:Ligases; C028812:guanosine 3',5'-polyphosphate synthetases; D005947:Glucose