title: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell yield and growth characteristics are affected by the tissue-harvesting procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipose tissue contains a stromal vascular fraction that can be easily isolated and provides a rich source of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC). These ASC are a potential source of cells for tissue engineering. We studied whether the yield and growth characteristics of ASC were affected by the type of surgical procedure used for adipose tissue harvesting, i.e. resection, tumescent liposuction and ultrasound-assisted liposuction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequencies of ASC in the stromal vascular fraction were assessed in limiting dilution assays. The phenotypical marker profile of ASC was determined, using flow cytometry, and growth kinetics were investigated in culture. ASC were cultured under chondrogenic and osteogenic conditions to confirm their differentiation potential.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of viable cells in the stromal vascular fraction was affected by neither the type of surgical procedure nor the anatomical site of the body from where the adipose tissue was harvested. After all three surgical procedures, cultured ASC did express a CD34+ CD31- CD105+ CD166+ CD45- CD90+ ASC phenotype. However, ultrasound-assisted liposuction resulted in a lower frequency of proliferating ASC, as well as a longer population doubling time of ASC, compared with resection. ASC demonstrated chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that yield and growth characteristics of ASC are affected by the type of surgical procedure used for adipose tissue harvesting. Resection and tumescent liposuction seem to be preferable above ultrasound-assisted liposuction for tissue-engineering purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Oedayrajsingh-Varma
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: van Ham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knippenberg
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Helder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein-Nulend
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: M J P F
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ritt
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Milligen
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*