title: Immunohistochemical demonstration of c-Kit protooncogene product in gallbladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although some gallbladder carcinomas are immunoreactive for c-Kit, the reasons for the c-Kit expression and its clinicopathologic implications are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the prevalence of c-Kit immunoreactivity, its clinicopathologic correlates (including microvessel density and postoperative outcome), and the possible mechanisms of c-Kit expression. We reviewed retrospectively, the clinicopathologic records of 47 patients who had undergone macroscopically complete gallbladder carcinoma resection. The numbers of patients at pathologic stages I to IV, according to current TNM-based staging, were 10, 5, 18, and 14, respectively. For immunohistochemical examination, we used monoclonal antibodies against c-Kit and CD 34 (progenitor cell markers), cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 19 (cholangiocyte markers), and OCH1E5 (a hepatocyte marker). Control tissue samples were from five gallbladder specimens each with chronic cholecystitis, polyp, and adenoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytoplasmic immunostaining for c-Kit was detected in 21 of the 47 gallbladder carcinomas (45%), and in 1 of the 15 control specimens (diagnosis, chronic cholecystitis). Young age was significantly associated with c-Kit positivity; however, there were no significant differences in the incidence of c-Kit positivity among other variables, including tumor stage and outcome. However, microvessel density was significantly higher in c-Kit-positive gallbladder carcinoma compared with c-Kit-negative gallbladder carcinoma. None of the 47 cancer specimens or the 15 control specimens were stained for CD34 and OCH1E5, but all 47 cancer specimens were stained for cytokeratins 7 and 19.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gallbladder carcinomas positive for c-Kit are unlikely to arise from immature cells, but may be associated with neovascularization. Angiogenesis inhibitors, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, therefore, may suppress the growth of some gallbladder cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shuto
authors.forename: Shigekazu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Seikan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hai
authors.forename: Katsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uenishi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit