title: Vascular structure and function in women: relationship with body mass index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to compare endothelial function in lean (body mass index [BMI]=18.0-24.9 kg/m2); overweight (BMI=25-29.9 kg/m2); and obese (BMI>30 kg/m2), healthy, eumenorrheic women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen lean, 22 overweight, and 19 obese eumenorrheic middle-aged women were studied. Vascular structure and function were assessed via non-invasive ultrasound imaging of the carotid and brachial arteries. Body composition, blood pressure, fasting blood lipids, glucose, and insulin also were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups demonstrated significantly (p<0.001) different mean values for total body, lean body, and fat masses. The obese group demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) elevated fasting glucose and insulin levels and lower high-density lipoprotein levels as compared to the lean group. The overweight group also demonstrated elevated fasting glucose levels as compared to the lean group (p<0.05) with no significant difference from the obese group. Only systolic blood pressure differed among the three groups, being elevated in the obese group compared to the lean group (p<0.05). The obese group demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) elevated carotid artery lumen diameter, carotid artery wall cross-sectional area, and brachial artery lumen diameter with significantly (p<0.05) lower flow-mediated dilation as compared to the lean group. The overweight group demonstrated elevated carotid artery wall cross-sectional area and brachial artery lumen diameter as well as lower flow-mediated dilation as compared to the lean group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support the hypothesis that carotid artery wall cross-sectional area is elevated and flow-mediated dilation reduced in overweight and obese eumennorheic women as compared to lean counterparts in relation to BMI classification.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. olson.thomas2@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Kathryn H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dengel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D002784:Cholesterol