title: Endoscopic stent insertion for the palliation of malignant gastric outlet obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Controversy exists as to whether endoscopic or minimally invasive/open bypass is superior in cases of malignant gastric outlet obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study following those patients admitted to the hospital between January 1999 and December 2004 (n = 23) with gastric outlet obstruction. In all suitable patients endoscopic stent insertion was attempted. Symptomatic improvement was monitored as was time until discharge as well as need for readmission. We also recorded morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure as well as final survival in days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stents were inserted successfully in 21 patients. Two patients went on to have a laparoscopic bypass. Stent placement relieved obstructive symptoms in all patients. A median inpatient stay of 4 days was achieved (range 2-9 days). One patient was admitted with recurrent symptoms 9 months following his initial treatment. Investigation showed the distal end of the stent to be occluded by further tumor. His symptoms were relieved by the insertion of a second stent. In 19 patients death was due to metastatic disease. Operative mortality: cerebrovascular accident day 2 (n = 1), duodenal perforation day 4 (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction not suitable for resection should be assessed for insertion of an enteral stent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Southport and Ormskirk Hospitals, Southport, UK. huzzkazi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Satchidanand
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zeiderman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D015607:Stents; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*