title: Evaluation of survivin reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for noninvasive detection of bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family, is expressed in most common cancers. We investigated the expression pattern of survivin in the tumors of patients with bladder cancer and assessed the diagnostic potential of RT-PCR detection of survivin mRNA in urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  RT-PCR was used to analyze mRNA expression of survivin in 161 cases of bladder cancer, including TCC in 97, SCC in 53 and adenocarcinoma in 11, and their matched nontumor tissues. Urine specimens (50 ml) were collected from 84 patients in whom bladder cancer was documented by transurethral resection or biopsy, 41 with nonbladder cancer urological diseases and 42 healthy volunteers. Total RNA was extracted from urine sediments and RT-PCR was performed for survivin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survivin expression was detected in all bladder cancer tissues. In contrast, survivin was not detectable in normal urothelium specimens. Urinary survivin was detected in urine samples from 51 of 53 patients with TCC, 22 of 25 with SCC and 6 of 6 with adenocarcinoma. Overall sensitivity was 94%. Survivin mRNA was not detected in any healthy volunteers. Positive results were obtained in 2 patients with renal cell carcinoma, 1 with hematuria and 1 with a contracted bladder but in none with other urological diseases. Overall specificity was 95%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survivin mRNA detection in urine sediment using RT-PCR shows high sensitivity and specificity for bladder cancer. It may prove useful for the routine screening and monitoring of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abol-Enein
authors.forename: Nabil K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Bissada
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Keane
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghoneim
authors.forename: Dennis K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000652:urine*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077022:Survivin; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077022:Survivin