title: White wine and beer induce gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients with reflux disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An induction of gastro-oesophageal reflux has been reported after ingestion of alcoholic beverages in healthy volunteers. However, it is unknown whether reflux in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients will be enhanced by the ingestion of alcoholic beverages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of wine and beer on postprandial reflux in reflux patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients (reflux oesophagitis 15, non-erosive reflux disease 10; 18 men and seven women) drank 300-mL white wine (n = 17), 500-mL beer (n = 8), or identical amounts of tap water (controls) together with a standardized meal in a randomized order. pH-measurement was carried out during three postprandial hours by pH-metry and the percentage of time pH < 4 was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both alcoholic beverages increased reflux compared with water [wine 23% (median), water 12%, P < 0.01; beer 25%, water 11%, P < 0.05]. Between wine and beer, no difference in reflux induction was obtained. The reflux induction was seen in patients with (23%, P < 0.01) and without reflux oesophagitis (22%, P < 0.05) and in both sexes (women 23%, men 25%, P < 0.05 each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingestion of commonly consumed alcoholic beverages such as wine and beer induces gastro-oesophageal reflux in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients. Therefore, these patients should be advised to avoid the intake of large amounts (> or = 300 mL) of these beverages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Bogenhausen Hospital, Munich, Germany. christian.pehl@extern.lrz-muenchen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pehl
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wendl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001515:Beer / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D014920:Wine / Q000009:adverse effects*