title: Comparative effectiveness of cervical transforaminal injections with particulate and nonparticulate corticosteroid preparations for cervical radicular pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cervical transforaminal epidural injections of corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of radicular pain. Particulate agents have been associated with rare adverse neurological outcomes. It is unknown whether nonparticulate preparations are any less effective than particulate preparations. Therefore, a study was designed to determine whether there is a basis for promoting a theoretically safer nonparticulate corticosteroid preparation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer patients were randomized to receive a single cervical transforaminal epidural injection with one of two corticosteroid preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was undertaken in a private practice setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Those with single-level, unilateral radicular pain with advanced imaging demonstrating single-level neural compression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received a single cervical transforaminal epidural injection with either dexamethasone or triamcinolone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ratings were obtained by an independent unbiased assessor at 4 weeks via a telephone interview. A visual analog pain scale was used preprocedurally and a verbal integer scale was used at 4 weeks to assess the severity of the patient's radicular pain. As a secondary outcome measure, a patient-specified functional outcome measure was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups exhibited statistically and clinically significant improvements in pain at 4 weeks. Although the triamcinolone group exhibited a somewhat greater improvement, the difference between groups was not significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study found that the effectiveness of dexamethasone was slightly less than that of triamcinolone, but the difference was neither statistically nor clinically significant. A theoretically safer nonparticulant agent appears to be a valid alternative to particulate agents that have been used to date, and which have been associated with hazard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. PaulDSpine@aol.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dreyfuss
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bogduk
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001416:Back Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000187:drug effects; D003102:Colloids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D003102:Colloids