title: Aqueous salting-out effect of inorganic cations and anions on non-electrolytes.
abstract: The salting-out effects of 27 lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium and magnesium salts and HCl on chloroform, benzene, chlorobenzene and anisole were characterized in aqueous solutions at 303 K by measuring the Henry's law constants. The concentration of the salt solutions was 0.5 mol dm(-3), i.e., similar to the salinity of sea water. The solubility change was described in terms of the Setschenow constant, K(S)(salt,solute). The highest salting-out effects were observed for the solutions of salts involving doubly charged anions, and the smallest for NO(-)(3). The individual ionic Setschenow constants, K(S)(cation,solute) and K(S)(anion,solute), were determined by multilinear regression, using the assumption of additivity for the ions. Cl(-) was selected as the reference ion for calculation of the K(S)(ion,solute) values of the other ions. The estimations resulted systematically in significant positive K(S)(cation,solute) values, ranging from 0.13+/-0.026 (NH(+)(4)) to 0.28+/-0.032 (Mg(2+)), which were hardly affected by the accompanying anion in solution, and only slightly affected by the non-electrolytes present. NO(-)(3) resulted in a slight salting-in effect: K(S)(NO(-)(3),solute)=-0.083+/-0.019; the other anions displayed salting-out effect for all of the non-electrolytes studied, with K(S)(anion,solute) ranging between 0.090+/-0.008 (HCO(-)(3)) and 0.21+/-0.035 (CO(2-)(3)).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Hungary. gorgenyi@chem.u-szeged.hu
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Görgényi
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dewulf
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Langenhove
authors.forename: Károly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Héberger
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions; D002254:Carbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D002412:Cations; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000737:chemistry; D008433:Mathematics; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry*; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D002254:Carbonates; D002412:Cations; D004573:Electrolytes; D009566:Nitrates; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012492:Salts; D012996:Solutions; D012997:Solvents; D008274:Magnesium; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid