title: Anti-Müllerian hormone inhibits initiation of growth of human primordial ovarian follicles in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) inhibits the initiation of the development and early growth of mouse ovarian follicles. Furthermore, the ovarian follicle pool diminishes prematurely in AMH-knockout mice. In this study, we examined whether AMH plays a similar role in humans, controlling ovarian follicle growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human ovarian cortical tissue biopsy specimens were cut into small pieces and cultured for 7 days in medium containing rat recombinant AMH at 0, 10, 30 or 100 ng/ml. The developmental stages and viability of the follicles were evaluated from histological sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar to previous studies, significant initiation of follicle growth was observed in almost all culture media, as demonstrated by a significantly smaller proportion of primordial follicles (14-26%) compared with non-cultured control tissue (56%). The exception was tissue in medium supplemented with AMH at 100 ng/ml. Here, the proportion of primordial follicles was not significantly different from that in non-cultured tissue; furthermore, it was significantly greater than that in vehicle control cultures and cultures containing AMH at 10 ng/ml, indicating the inhibition of growth initiation. Viability was unaffected by the presence of AMH when compared with tissues in control media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recombinant AMH at a concentration of 100 ng/ml has an inhibitory effect on early human ovarian follicular development in vitro, suppressing the initiation of primordial follicle growth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. inger.britt.carlson@ki.se
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ritvos
authors.forename: A P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Themmen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hovatta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D013735:Testicular Hormones / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D013735:Testicular Hormones; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone