title: The value of follicle-stimulating hormone concentration and clinical findings as markers of the late menopausal transition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop proposed bleeding and hormonal criteria for the menopausal transition, but operational definitions of hormone parameters were not specified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper investigates the longitudinal relationship of annual serum FSH levels with four proposed bleeding criteria for the late menopausal transition in two cohort studies. The goal is to provide empirically based guidance regarding application of hormonal criteria that may be optimal for widespread application in clinical and research settings for assessing menopausal stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective menstrual calendar and annual serum FSH data were collected from two population-based cohort studies: the Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project and the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the study were 193 Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project and 2223 Study of Women's Health Across the Nation women aged 42-57 yr at baseline who contributed 10 or more menstrual cycles and at least one annual serum FSH value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Association between bleeding criteria for the late menopausal transition and FSH was a main outcome measure. Associations of bleeding criteria, FSH, and hot flashes with the final menstrual period were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single FSH measure is an independent marker of the late menopausal transition, but FSH concentrations are less predictive of menopausal stage than any of four proposed bleeding criteria. Criterion FSH values for the late transition are similar across both studies. Experience of hot flashes adds no information in the presence of hormonal and bleeding criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An annual serum FSH concentration of 40 IU/liter could be incorporated, in conjunction with bleeding markers, into the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop paradigm for markers of the late menopausal transition.
authors.affiliation: L4228 Women's Hospital, University of Michigan Health System, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0276, USA. jfrandol@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Sybil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dennerstein
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Siobán D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Harlow
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taffe
authors.forename: Matheos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yosef
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D019584:Hot Flashes; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008598:Menstruation; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone