title: Combined polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-10 genes in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The development and progression of alcoholic hepatitis are controlled by an extensive cytokine network which involves pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Genetic variations determining production of these cytokines have been described and the susceptibility to the disease may be determined by an imbalance in the expression of several candidate genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have studied biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions (-308) and (-238) in the promoter region of the pro-inflammatory tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and at positions (-1,082) and (-592) in the promoter of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) in 134 patients with severe biopsy-proven alcoholic hepatitis and 145 healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency distribution of isolated cytokine genotypes did not differ between the two groups. The combination of at least one A or A allele for TNF-alpha, associated with a TNF-alpha high-producer phenotype, and one A or A allele for IL-10, associated with an IL-10 low-producer phenotype, was less frequent in patients (20.9 vs 33.8%, P=0.016, OR (95% CI)=0.52 (0.30-0.89)). The same combination in patients was associated with a higher risk of septic complications (32.5 vs 16.0%, P=0.031, OR (95% CI)=1.79 (1.07-6.00)) but not with in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have not found any relationship between the isolated polymorphisms and the risk of alcoholic hepatitis. Moreover, the imbalance between the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses leading to high TNF-alpha production and low IL-10 was uncommon in alcoholic hepatitis. However, patients with this particular genotype appeared more susceptible to severe septic complications.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Service d'Hepato-gastro-enterologie et de Reeducation Digestive, Creteil, France. jean-phillippe.richardet@ach.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Richardet
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scherman
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campillo
authors.forename: Phuong-Nhi
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Bories
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006519:Hepatitis, Alcoholic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10