Viral modulators of cullin RING ubiquitin ligases: culling the host defense.
Cullin RING ubiquitin ligases (CRULs) are found in all eukaryotes and play an essential role in targeting proteins for ubiquitin-mediated destruction, thus regulating a plethora of cellular processes. Viruses manipulate CRULs by redirecting this destruction machinery to eliminate unwanted host cell proteins, thus allowing viruses to slip past host immune barriers. Depending on the host organism, virus-modified CRULs can perform an amazing range of tasks, including the elimination of crucial signal transduction molecules in the human interferon pathway and suppression of virus-induced gene silencing in plants. This Perspective summarizes recent advances in our understanding of how viral proteins manipulate the function of CRULs.
Barry
Michele
M
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
Früh
Klaus
K
D000818:Animals; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D044842:Cullin Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D045402:Parainfluenza Virus 5 / Q000502:physiology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000502:physiology; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000502:physiology; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D044842:Cullin Proteins; C091435:DDB1 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C479529:RBX1 protein, human; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D025801:Ubiquitin; C502891:V protein, Paramyxovirus; D014764:Viral Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases