title: Severe reversible cardiac failure after bortezomib treatment combined with chemotherapy in a non-small cell lung cancer patient: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bortezomib (Velcade), a dipeptide boronate proteasome inhibitor, is a novel anti-cancer agent registered for multiple myeloma (MM). It has also shown promising clinical activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinical experience with bortezomib so far indicates that overall incidence of cardiac failure associated with bortezomib therapy remains incidental. Nevertheless, acute development or exacerbation of congestive cardiac failure has been associated with bortezomib treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present here a case of severe, but reversible, congestive cardiac failure in a lung cancer patient who had no prior cardiac history, after receiving an experimental treatment of bortezomib combined with chemotherapy. Elevated levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as retrospectively measured in archived serum samples, were suggestive of pre-existent (sub-clinical) left ventricular dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on literature, we hypothesize that baseline presence of sub clinical cardiomyopathy, characterized by a dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, could have predisposed this patient for a cardiac side effect induced by systemic proteasome inhibition. Patients with heart disease or risk factors for it should be closely monitored when being submitted to treatment with proteasome inhibition therapy such as bortezomib. Caution is therefore warranted in lung cancer patients who often present with cardiac comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.voortman@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voortman
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giaccone
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015897:Comorbidity; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D011719:Pyrazines; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine