title: Up date of in vitro production of porcine embryos.
abstract: There have been intensive attempts to establish reliable in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) methods in pigs. Although a great deal of progress has been made, current IVM-IVF systems still suffer from a low rate and poor quality of in vitro produced embryos . In this review, we will review the recent studies about IVM-IVF of porcine oocytes and the in vitro culture (IVC) system, especially modified in vitro production (IVP) system that produces high quality of porcine blastocysts. We then try to suggest practical ways to solve the problems mentioned above in the pigs.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, 2 Ikenodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0901, Japan. taku@affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D005306:Fertilization; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary*; D005718:Gametogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010100:Oxygen