title: [Effect of chloroquine on the apoptosis of intestinal mucosa epithelial cells and enterogenous bacteria-endotoxin translocation after total hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the effect of chloroquine on the apoptosis of intestinal mucosa epithelial cell and enterogenous bacteria-endotoxin translocation after total hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat total hepatic ischemia-reperfusion model was built by blocking the hepatic portal, suprahepatic and infrahepatic vena cava for 20 minutes. Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly into the sham operation group (Group A, n = 30), total hepatic ischemia-reperfusion treatment group (Group B, n = 30), and chloroquine administrated group (Group C, n = 30). Each group was subdivided randomly into 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to different experiment time phases as follows: after 20 minutes of total hepatic vascular exclusion (T0), 4 hours after reperfusion (T1), and the 48 hours of survival. Group A and Group B were intravenously injected with normal saline 1 mL/kg while Group C received chloroquine 10 mg/kg which dissolved in 1 mL/kg normal saline intravenously. The levels of portal blood D-lactate, TNF-alpha, endotoxin, and the intestinal mucosa MDA concentration were measured at T0 and T1; the portal blood, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen tissues were cultured for bacteria; and the apoptotic index of intestinal mucosa epithelial cells at T0 and T1 and the survival rate after 48 hour reperfusion were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with Group A, the levels of portal blood D-lactate, TNF-alpha, endotoxin and the intestinal mucosa MDA in Group B and Group C were significantly higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These indexes of Group C were lower than those of Group B (P < 0.05). The portal vein blood, mesenteric lymph node and spleen tissues existed the bacterium translocation both in Group B and Group C, and the positive rate in Group C was lower than that in Group B (P < 0.05). Apoptotic index of the intestinal mucosa epithelial cell increased significantly in Group B (P < 0.01) and Group C (P < 0.05), but the apoptotic index in Group C was lower than that in Group B (P < 0.05); the 48 hour survival rate of the rats in Group C was higher than that in group B (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chloroquine may decrease the intestinal mucosa epithelial cell apoptosis and the enterogenous bacteria-endotoxin translocation after total hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and increase the survival rate of the rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Yan-ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: De-quan
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Ye-tian
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yong-guo
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002738:Chloroquine; D010741:Phospholipases A