Brain injury in the infant: the old, the new, and the uncertain.
Although neonatal brain injury occurs most frequently after a perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult, recently studies have noted that variable causes such as metabolic and reperfusion events can result in, or aggravate, a brain insult. Current data suggest that about 2 to 5 of 1,000 live births in the United States and more so in developing countries experience a brain injury Approximately 20% to 40% of infants who survive the brain injury develop significant neurological and developmental impairments. The resulting impact on the child, family, and society presents a formidable challenge to health care professionals. Although several important insights have been gained in the last several years about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and mechanism of brain injury, management remains mostly a cocktail of controversial trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathology, clinical manifestations, and timely management of infants with brain injury.
Badr Zahr
Lina Kurdahi
LK
School of Nursing, Azusa Pacific University, and David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA. linakbadr@hotmail.com
Purdy
Isabell
I
D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000150:complications; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D047109:Fetal Development; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods*; D017283:Neonatal Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents