title: The burden of psychological symptoms in UK Armed Forces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of psychological symptoms during periods of relatively low deployment activity and the factors associated with each psychological health outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey of 4500 randomly selected UK service personnel was carried out in 2002. The questionnaire included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL), 15 symptoms and an assessment of alcohol intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20% were above cut-offs for GHQ-12, 15% for symptoms, 12% for alcohol intake and 2% for PCL. Gender, age, excessive drinking and smoking were independently associated with most outcomes of interest. Number of deployments was independently associated with multiple symptoms and excessive drinking. High post-traumatic stress disorder score was more frequent in the Army and in lower ranks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological symptoms are highly prevalent in UK Armed Forces. Many risk factors are associated with measures of psychological ill-health.
authors.affiliation: King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College, London, UK. Margaret.jones@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Roberto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rona
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wesseley
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology