title: Survival in hostile environments: strategies of renal medullary cells.
abstract: Cells in the renal medulla exist in a hostile milieu characterized by wide variations in extracellular solute concentrations, low oxygen tensions, and abundant reactive oxygen species. This article reviews the strategies adopted by these cells to allow them to survive and fulfill their functions under these extreme conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Wolfgang.Neuhofer@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Neuhofer
authors.forename: Franz-X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species