title: [Analysis on differences between soft-tissue and hard-tissue profile in malocclusions].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the characteristics of soft-tissue integument and the differences between soft-tissue and hard-tissue topography in malocclusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  144 female patients, 12-15 years old, were selected. They were divided into class I, class II and class III groups according to the value of angle ANB which was measured on the pre-treatment cephalographs. Each group had 48 patients. Each patient had same type of skeletal pattern and occlusal pattern, full set of permanent teeth and none of cranofacial soft-tissue and hard-tissue diseases. 4 pairs of measurements describing soft-tissue and hard-tissue sagittal facial pattern and the prominence of lips and incisors were measured on each cephalograph. They were angle SnNsB', angle ANB, angle NsSnPos, angleNAPo, UL-SnPos, UI-APo, LL-SnPos and LI-APo. The distribution of soft-tissue sagittal facial pattern in each skeletal group was analyzed. The differences between angle SnNsB' and angle ANB, angle NsSnPos and angle NAPo, UL-SnPos and UI-APo, LL-SnPos and LI-APo were calculated in each patient. Then we calculated the means and the ranges of these differences in each group, the probability of positive and negative difference between each pair of measurements in each group were calculated too. Chi2 test on those probabilities were performed between the three groups. The mean difference between each pair of measurements was then analyzed by ANOVA between the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disharmony between soft-tissue and hard-tissue sagittal facial pattern was found in 20%-30% of malocclusion patients. There were more or less differences between soft-tissue and hard-tissue topography and the ranges of their variation were quite wide. The soft-tissue integument increasingly tended to augment the convexity of soft-tissue facial profile when skeletal pattern varied from class II to class I to class III, at the same time, tended to increase upper lip prominence and decrease lower lip prominence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the average, soft-tissue integument tends to camouflage the abnormality of hard-tissue topography. But as to individual, the relative independence of soft-tissue integument makes it important to notice the influence of soft tissue on treatment planning and results.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Stomatology, The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jiu-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Yue
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008046:Lip; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion