title: Relations of caregiving stress and health depend on the health indicators used and gender.
abstract: Extensive research has evaluated relations between stress and health. These studies have varied in the type of stress examined (acute vs. chronic) and in the way in which health has been operationalized. Here we examine relations between chronic stress and 25 indicators of various health dimensions (e.g., physiological indexes, medical records, and self-reports of global health; symptoms, functional status, health service utilization, and psychosocial distress/quality of life). We also assessed whether such relations are moderated by gender, an individual difference variable that is important to health and longevity. Samples included 157 community-residing older adults (M age = 69.4 years, 31.8% men), approximately half of whom were caregivers for a spouse with Alzheimer's disease, and half were demographically similar noncaregiver spouses. Principal component analyses on the 25 health measures resulted in 5 factors that met standard criteria for acceptance. In women, caregivers reported worse physical health and psychological health than noncaregivers, but their physiological risk was similar. In men, caregivers had greater physiological risk, but they reported better physical health than did men noncaregivers. Researchers who study chronic stress and health should consider the possibility that the relation between chronic stress and health may vary for men and women depending on the type of health being assessed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. jpzhang2005@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Vitaliano
authors.forename: Hsin-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*