title: Foreign-grammar acquisition while watching subtitled television programmes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Past research has shown that watching a subtitled foreign movie (i.e. foreign language in the soundtrack and native language in the subtitles) leads to considerable foreign-language vocabulary acquisition; however, acquisition of the grammatical rules has failed to emerge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to obtain evidence for the acquisition of grammatical rules in watching subtitled foreign movies. Given an informal context, younger children were predicted to outperform older children in acquiring a foreign language; however, older children will take more advantage of explicit instruction compared with younger children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In Experiment 1, 62 sixth-graders from a primary school and 47 sixth-graders from a secondary school volunteered to participate. The participants in Experiment 2 were 94 sixth-graders from primary schools and 84 sixth-graders from secondary schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  The two experiments manipulated the instructions (incidental- vs. intentional-language learning). Moreover, before the experiments began, some participants explicitly received some of the foreign grammatical rules (presented rules), while the movie contained cases of presented rules as well as cases of rules which had to be inferred (not-presented rules).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rule acquisition through the movie only was not obtained; there was a strong effect of advance rule presentation but only on the items of presented rules, particularly among the older participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to vocabulary, grammar may be too complicated to acquire from a rather short movie presentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Lommel
authors.forename: Annouschka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laenen
authors.forename: Géry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: d'Ydewalle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D007807:Language Tests; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D013334:Students; D013690:Television