title: Roles of endogenous prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase isozymes in healing of indomethacin-induced small intestinal lesions in rats.
abstract: The role of prostaglandins (PGs)/cyclooxygenase (COX) in the healing of indomethacin-induced small intestinal ulcers was examined in rats. Animals were given indomethacin (10 mg/kg s.c.) and killed 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days later. Indomethacin (2 mg/kg), 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole (SC560; COX-1 inhibitor; 3 mg/kg), and rofecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor; 3 mg/kg) were given p.o. once daily for 6 days, during the first 3 days or last 3 days of the experimental period. All COX inhibitors given for 6 days significantly impaired the healing of these ulcers. Healing was also impaired by rofecoxib given for the first 3 days or by SC560 given for the last 3 days. The expression of COX-2 mRNA in the intestine was up-regulated after ulceration, persisting for 3 days and dissipating thereafter. Mucosal PGE2 contents decreased within 3 h after ulceration, recovered 24 h later, and increased above normal 1 approximately 3 days later. The PGE2 content at 4 days after ulceration was decreased by rofecoxib but not SC560, whereas that at 7 days was suppressed by SC560 but not rofecoxib. Vascular content in the ulcerated mucosa decreased when the healing was impaired by COX inhibitors. The deleterious effect of indomethacin on healing was mimicked by a prostacyclin E receptor (EP) 4 antagonist and reversed by coadministration of PGE2 as well as an EP4 agonist. In conclusion, endogenous PGs play a role in the healing of intestinal ulcers through EP4 receptors, yet the COX isozyme involved differs depending on the stage of healing; COX-2 in the early stage and COX-1 in the late stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hatazawa
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Mayu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanigami
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D002329:Carmine / Q000378:metabolism; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D007213:Indomethacin; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000187:drug effects; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014456:Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D011453:Prostaglandins; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D002329:Carmine; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007213:Indomethacin