title: Portable continuous flow centrifugation and method 1623 for monitoring of waterborne protozoa from large volumes of various water matrices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to validate a portable continuous flow centrifuge (PCFC) as an alternative concentration step of US-EPA Method 1623 and to demonstrate it's efficacy for recovery of low numbers of protozoa from large volumes of various water matrices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recoveries of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Giardia intestinalis cysts and Encephalitozoon intestinalis spores spiked into 10-1000 l volumes of various water matrices were evaluated during in-house and collaborative trials. Spiked protozoa were either approved standards or diluted stock samples enumerated according to USEPA Method 1623. Cryptosporidium recoveries exceeded method 1623 criteria and substantially high recoveries were observed for Giardia and E. intestinalis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Portable continuous flow centrifuge methodology exceeded method 1623 acceptance criteria for Cryptosporidium and could be easily adopted for other protozoa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCFC could be adopted as an alternative user-friendly concentration method for Cryptosporidium and for monitoring of large volumes of source and tap water for accidental or deliberate contamination with protozoa and potentially with other enteric pathogens. It is anticipated that PCFC would also be equal or superior to filtration for protozoa monitoring in wastewater and effluents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Microbiology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tzipori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002498:Centrifugation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005374:Filtration; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis; D005872:Giardia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D033661:Oocysts; D013170:Spores; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply