title: Quality improvement initiative for chronic pain assessment and management in the nursing home: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve assessment and management of chronic pain in the nursing home through a method of continuous quality improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  One nursing home in North Carolina as the primary site and 3 related facilities as secondary sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formation of a quality improvement team that reviewed current clinical practice guidelines, updated the policies and procedures, developed tools for pain assessment, and educated the staff in pain assessment and management principles. The "Plan-Do-Study-Act" (PDSA) paradigm was employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The staff's pain-related knowledge was measured with multiple-choice tests before and after an educational program. The completeness of the documentation and satisfaction of patients and families with pain assessment and management were also measured before and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the intervention, the mean number of questions correct on the staff test was highest among the registered nurses (RN) (13.7 out of 16), intermediate among the licensed practical nurses (LPN) (12.4), and lowest among the certified nursing assistants (CNA) (9.4). After the intervention the scores were 16 for the RNs, 12.9 for the LPNs, and 12.0 for the CNAs. In addition, 8 of 9 elements of a complete pain assessment showed improvement in documentation. The level of satisfaction for both the patients and families measured by interviews also increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Education and use of the PDSA paradigm improved staff knowledge and patient and family satisfaction with chronic pain assessment and management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. buhr0001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Gwendolen T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Buhr
authors.forename: Heidi K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000458:organization & administration; D008503:Medical Staff / Q000193:education; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009657:North Carolina; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education; D009728:Nursing Assistants / Q000193:education; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education; D009743:Nursing, Practical / Q000193:education; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing / Q000592:standards*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration*