title: Immunological and immunogenetic markers in sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Common polymorphisms of genes controlling inflammation-modulating cytokines and acute-phase proteins which play important roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been shown to be associated with AD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The immunological and immunogenetic markers potentially useful for the AD risk evaluation and diagnosis are briefly reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The state-of-the-art of immunological and immunogenetic markers of AD indicates that new tools and strategies are necessary to identify gene products useful as diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: Gruppo di studio sull'immunosenescenza, Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Università di Palermo, Italy. dolio@unipa.it
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lio
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scola
authors.forename: Giuseppina Colonna
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Candore
authors.forename: Calogero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caruso
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017628:Microglia / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D004247:DNA