title: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy to treat cancer of the ampulla of Vater.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We explored the feasibility, difficulty, and indications for laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since November 11, 2002, we have successfully completed 5 laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomies. Patients included 4 males and 1 female, average age 43 years. Three patients had duodenal papillary cancer, one had cancer of the head of the pancreas, and one had pancreatic mixed cancer (duodenal papillary cancer, hepatobiliary ductal adenocarcinoma). The average mass size was 1.5/1.8 cm to 2.6/2.5 cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pathology diagnosis was well-differentiated duodenum papillary adenocarcinoma in 3 patients, head of pancreas endocrine small cell carcinoma in 1, and duodenum papillary adenoma with malignancy ductal intermediate differentiation adenocarcinoma in 1. During surgery, average blood loss was 770 mL. Operation time averaged 528 minutes. The main difficulties during surgery were estimation and identification of pancreatoduodenal tumor resection and hepatoduodenal ligament venation changes. After surgery, 1 patient had a small amount of pancreatic leakage, another developed stress ulcer bleeding; both patients became normal after appropriate treatment. The fourth patient developed severe recurrence of pancreatitis with pneumonia and on the 39th day after surgery developed stress ulcer bleeding. This patient died during the second operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is a very difficult and risky operation. It requires ample clinical experience in traditional pancreaticoduodenectomy, perfect laparoscopic surgery technique, consultation and cooperate with the surgical team, updated laparoscopy equipment, and very strict surgical indications. For hospitals that meet the above conditions and requirements, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is very safe and feasible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laparoscopy of The First Affiliated Hospital of The Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China. lubangyu@etang.com.cn
authors.forename: Bangyu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Wenqi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yubing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaojian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D014670:Ampulla of Vater; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications