title: Diabetic nephropathy is associated with increased albumin and fibrinogen production in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperfibrinogenaemia and albuminuria are cardiovascular risk factors, often coexisting in diabetic and non-diabetic people. Albuminuria in turn is associated with a compensatory albumin overproduction in non-diabetic patients. It is not known whether the presence of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with greater albumin and fibrinogen production rates than in normoalbuminuric patients. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: Using leucine isotope methods, we measured fractional and absolute synthesis rates (FSR, ASR) of albumin and fibrinogen in post-absorptive type 2 diabetic patients with either normal (n=11) or increased (n=10) urinary albumin excretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In albuminuric patients, albumin FSR (16.2+/-1.5%/day) and ASR (20.5+/-1.9 g/day) were greater (p<0.02 and p<0.05, respectively) than in normoalbuminuric patients (FSR=11.5+/-1.1%/day; ASR=15.7+/-1.2 g/day). Fibrinogen FSR was similar between patients with normal and increased albumin excretion, but concentration, the circulating pool and ASR of fibrinogen were 40 to 50% greater (p<0.035) in patients with albuminuria. Albuminuria was positively correlated with albumin ASR, with fibrinogen concentration, the fibrinogen pool and ASR, whereas albumin synthesis was inversely correlated with calculated oncotic pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synthesis of albumin and fibrinogen is upregulated in type 2 diabetic patients with increased urinary albumin excretion. Albuminuria is associated with enhanced fibrinogen and albumin synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Metabolism Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. paolo.tessari@unipd.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tessari
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiwanuka
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barazzoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vettore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanetti
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine