title: The conformation of calsequestrin determines its ability to regulate skeletal ryanodine receptors.
abstract: Ca2+ efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum decreases when store Ca2+ concentration falls, particularly in skinned fibers and isolated vesicles where luminal Ca2+ can be reduced to very low levels. However ryanodine receptor activity in many single channel studies is higher when the luminal free Ca2+ concentration is reduced. We investigated the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to low luminal Ca2+ causes conformational changes in calsequestrin and deregulation of ryanodine receptors, allowing channel activity to increase. Lowering of luminal Ca2+ from 1 mM to 100 microM for several minutes resulted in conformational changes with dissociation of 65-75% of calsequestrin from the junctional face membrane. The calsequestrin remaining associated no longer regulated channels. In the absence of this regulation, ryanodine receptors were more active when luminal Ca2+ was lowered from 1 mM to 100 microM. In contrast, when ryanodine receptors were calsequestrin regulated, lowering luminal Ca2+ either did not alter or decreased activity. Ryanodine receptors are regulated by calsequestrin under physiological conditions where calsequestrin is polymerized. Since depolymerization occurs slowly, calsequestrin can regulate the ryanodine receptor and prevent excess Ca2+ release when the store is transiently depleted, for example, during high frequency activity or early stages of muscle fatigue.
authors.affiliation: John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Magdolna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varsányi
authors.forename: Angela F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Dulhunty
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Beard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002155:Calsequestrin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002155:Calsequestrin; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D002118:Calcium