title: Analysis of proliferative activity in oral gingival epithelium in immunosuppressive medication induced gingival overgrowth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a frequent adverse effect associated principally with administration of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A and also certain antiepileptic and antihypertensive drugs. It is characterized by a marked increase in the thickness of the epithelial layer and accumulation of excessive amounts of connective tissue. The mechanism by which the drugs cause gingival overgrowth is not yet understood. The purpose of this study was to compare proliferative activity of normal human gingiva and in cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival samples were collected from 12 generally healthy individuals and 22 Cyclosporin A-medicated renal transplant recipients. Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen was evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gingival samples using an immunoperoxidase technique and a monoclonal antibody for this antigen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were differences between the Cyclosporin A group and control group in regard to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epithelial thickness. In addition, the degree of stromal inflammation was higher in the Cyclosporin A group when compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the increased epithelial thickness observed in Cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth is associated with increased proliferative activity in keratinocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, University of Baskent, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Türkiye. suleb@baskent.edu.tr
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bulut
authors.forename: Hilal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: B Handan
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Omer Engin
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Bulut
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005890:Gingivectomy; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine