title: Cowpox virus transmission from rats to monkeys, the Netherlands.
abstract: We report an outbreak of cowpox virus among monkeys at a sanctuary for exotic animals. Serologic analysis and polymerase chain reaction were performed on blood and swab samples from different rodent species trapped at the sanctuary during the outbreak. Sequence comparison and serologic results showed that brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) transmitted the virus to monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Byron E E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Martina
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Doornum
authors.forename: Gerry M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dorrestein
authors.forename: Hubert G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Niesters
authors.forename: Koert J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stittelaar
authors.forename: Marno A B I
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wolters
authors.forename: Hester G H
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: van Bolhuis
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015605:Cowpox / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D015608:Cowpox virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000662:veterinary*; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D008251:Macaca; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D009426:Netherlands; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C088596:A-type inclusion protein, poxvirus; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D014764:Viral Proteins