title: Management of distal biceps and triceps ruptures.
abstract: The management of distal biceps and triceps ruptures is reviewed. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, surgical management, nonoperative management, and rehabilitation rationale and techniques are presented. Although various surgical repair techniques are used, none has been shown to produce superior clinical outcomes. The literature is lacking information to provide evidence-based decisions regarding rehabilitation strategies. Prospective studies comparing types and timing of repairs and timing and techniques for a postoperative program are needed. As that information is not yet available, the rehabilitation plan outlined in this article is based on timetables for healing tissue, strength of repair, prevention of complications, consideration of patient's medical history and injury history, and review of the literature. Familiarity with the different treatment options assists the surgeon and therapist tailor a therapy program that is optimal for each individual patient.
authors.affiliation: The Philadelphia Hand Center, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA. sblackmore@handcenters.com
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Blackmore
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jander
authors.forename: Randall W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Culp
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D012421:Rupture / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D013165:Splints