title: Multivariate analysis of protein profiles of metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens accessions.
abstract: Thlaspi caerulescens is increasingly acknowledged as one of the best models for studying metal hyperaccumulation in plants. In order to study the mechanisms underlying metal hyperaccumulation, we used proteomic profiling to identify differences in protein intensities among three T. caerulescens accessions with pronounced differences in tolerance, uptake and root to shoot translocation of Zn and Cd. Proteins were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis and stained with SYPRO Orange. Intensity values and quality scores were obtained for each spot by using PDQuest software. Principal component analysis was used to test the separation of the protein profiles of the three plant accessions at various metal exposures, and to detect groups of proteins responsible for the differences. Spot sets representing individual proteins were analysed with the analysis of variance and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Clearest differences were seen among the Thlaspi accessions, while the effects of metal exposures were less pronounced. The 48 tentatively identified spots represent core metabolic functions (e.g. photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, carbohydrate metabolism) as well as putative signalling and regulatory functions. The possible roles of some of the proteins in heavy metal accumulation and tolerance are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tuomainen
authors.forename: Naoise
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nunan
authors.forename: Satu J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lehesranta
authors.forename: Arja I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Tervahauta
authors.forename: Viivi H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Hassinen
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schat
authors.forename: Kaisa M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Koistinen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Auriola
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNicol
authors.forename: Sirpa O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kärenlampi
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D031227:Thlaspi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D002104:Cadmium; D015032:Zinc