title: A review of intrathecal fentanyl and sufentanil for the treatment of chronic pain.
abstract: Intrathecal infusion of morphine using implantable pumps is an accepted practice for long-term management of chronic pain. Despite clinical benefit, development of tolerance and side-effects associated with intrathecal morphine has prompted investigators to explore alternative opioids such as the potent anilinopiperidine analogs, fentanyl, and sufentanil. Relevant preclinical and clinical literature from the MEDLINE database was used primarily for this review. In vitro, both compounds are stable in solution, but studies have not been conducted using implantable pumps under simulated use conditions (e.g., long-term stability at body temperature). Preclinical studies of limited duration have demonstrated efficacy, but safety-toxicology studies have been limited to intermittent boluses of sufentanil only. Few clinical reports on the use of intrathecal sufentanil or fentanyl for chronic pain are available. Although results confirm potency and efficacy with intrathecal administration, further studies are needed to support the long-term use of either opioid in chronic pain management.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minnesota 55120, USA. waar0002@umn.edu
authors.forename: Kelley L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Waara-Wolleat
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Gregory R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017409:Sufentanil; D005283:Fentanyl