title: Randomised trial of high frequency oscillatory ventilation or conventional ventilation in babies of gestational age 28 weeks or less: respiratory and neurological outcomes at 2 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long term outcome of children entered into neonatal trials of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) or conventional ventilation (CV) has been rarely studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes for children entered into the United Kingdom Oscillation Study, which was designed to evaluate these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surviving infants were followed until 2 years of age corrected for prematurity. Study forms were completed by local paediatricians at routine assessments, and parents were asked to complete a validated neurodevelopmental questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paediatricians' forms were returned for 73% of the 585 surviving infants. Respiratory symptoms were common in all infants, and 41% had received inhaled medication. Mode of ventilation had no effect on frequency of any symptoms. At 24 months of age, severe neurodevelopmental disability was present in 9% and other disabilities in 38% of children, but the prevalence of disability was similar in children who received HFOV or CV (relative risk 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.16). The prevalence of disability did not vary by gestational age, but boys were more likely to have overall disability. Developmental scores were unaffected by mode of ventilation (relative risk 1.13; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.63) and were lower in infants born before 26 weeks gestation compared with babies born at 26-28 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Initial mode of ventilation in very preterm infants has no impact on respiratory or neurodevelopmental morbidity at 2 years. HFOV and CV appear equally effective for the early treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. neil.marlow@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenough
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marston
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Limb
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Calvert
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006128:Growth; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome