title: Serial testing of health care workers for tuberculosis using interferon-gamma assay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) assays are promising alternatives to the tuberculin skin test (TST), their serial testing performance is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare TST and IFN-gamma conversions and reversions in healthcare workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively followed-up 216 medical and nursing students in India who underwent baseline and repeat testing (after 18 mo) with TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT). TST conversions were defined as reactions greater than or equal to 10 mm, with increments of 6 or 10 mm over baseline. QFT conversions were defined as baseline IFN-gamma less than 0.35 and follow-up IFN-gamma greater than or equal to 0.35 or 0.70 IU/ml. QFT reversions were defined as baseline IFN-gamma greater than or equal to 0.35 and follow-up IFN-gamma less than 0.35 IU/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 216 participants, 48 (22%) were TST-positive, and 38 (18%) were QFT-positive at baseline. Among 147 participants with concordant baseline negative results, TST conversions occurred in 14 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3-15.5) using the 6 mm increment definition, and 6 (4.1%; 95% CI = 1.5-8.7) using the 10 mm increment definition. QFT conversions occurred in 17/147 participants (11.6%; 95% CI = 6.9-17.9) using the definition of IFN-gamma greater than or equal to 0.35 IU/ml, and 11/147 participants (7.5%; 95% CI = 3.8-13.0) using IFN-gamma greater than or equal to 0.70 IU/ml. Agreement between TST (10 mm increment) and QFT conversions (>or= 0.70 IU/ml) was 96% (kappa = 0.70). QFT reversions occurred in 2/28 participants (7%) with baseline concordant positive results, as compared with 7/10 participants (70%) with baseline discordant results (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFN-gamma assay shows promise for serial testing, but repeat results need to be interpreted carefully. To meaningfully interpret serial results, the optimal thresholds to distinguish new infections from nonspecific variations must be determined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. madhukar.pai@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Madhukar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Rajnish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.forename: Deepak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mendiratta
authors.forename: Pratibha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.forename: Shriprakash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalantri
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Reingold
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Colford
authors.forename: Lee W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menzies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013337:Students, Medical; D013338:Students, Nursing; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma