title: Calibration and application of an X-ray image intensifier/ charge-coupled device detector for monochromatic macromolecular crystallography.
abstract: Charge-coupled device (CCD)-based X-ray detectors allow data to be collected much more quickly (approximately 10 times) than with current on-line imaging-plate systems. At the ESRF, X-ray image intensifier/CCD detector systems have been developed. These have great potential as fast read-out detectors for macromolecular and other forms of crystallography. They are relatively large sensitive X-ray detectors but have two inherent weaknesses: convex detection surfaces leading to spatial distortion and non-uniformity of intensity response, and susceptibility to small changes in magnetic fields. A large improvement has been made to the accuracy obtained by non-uniformity of response calibration and correction, using fluorescence from doped lithium borate glasses. Monochromatic macromolecular crystallography demonstration experiments with external user groups have shown that high-quality results may be obtained under real experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: ESRF, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hammersley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Burmeister
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claustre
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McSweeney
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thompson