title: Quantification of selected volatile constituents and anions in Mexican Agave spirits (Tequila, Mezcal, Sotol, Bacanora).
abstract: A large collection (n = 95) of Mexican Agave spirits with protected appellations of origin (Tequila, Mezcal, Sotol, and Bacanora) was analyzed using ion and gas chromatography. Because of their production from oxalate-containing plant material, all Agave spirits contained significant concentrations of oxalate (0.1-9.7 mg/L). The two Tequila categories ("100% Agave" and "mixed") showed differences in the methanol, 2-/3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-phenylethanol concentrations with lower concentrations in the mixed category. Mezcal showed no significant differences in any of the evaluated parameters that would allow a classification. Sotol showed higher nitrate concentrations and lower 2-/3-methyl-1-butanol concentrations. Bacanora was characterized by exceptionally high acetaldehyde concentrations and a relatively low ethyl lactate content. The methanol content was the most problematic compound regarding the Mexican standards: two Tequilas (4%), five Sotols (31%), and six Bacanoras (46%) had levels above the maximum methanol content of 300 g/hL of alcohol. In conclusion, the composition of Mexican Agave spirits was found to vary over a relatively large range.
authors.affiliation: Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany. Lachenmeier@web.de
authors.forename: Dirk W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lachenmeier
authors.forename: Eva-Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sohnius
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Attig
authors.forename: Mercedes G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D027882:Agave / Q000737:chemistry*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D000838:Anions / Q000032:analysis*; D002845:Chromatography; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D000432:Methanol / Q000032:analysis; D010070:Oxalates / Q000032:analysis; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000032:analysis; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D010070:Oxalates; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D000432:Methanol