title: Conversion of Lactococcus lactis cell envelope proteinase specificity by partial allele exchange.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether conversion of lactocepin substrate binding regions by gene replacement can alter lactocepin specificity in Lactococcus lactis starter bacteria without affecting other important strain properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We utilized two-step gene replacement to convert substrate-binding determinants in the L. lactis prtP genes encoding group h (bitter) lactocepin in two industrial strains into the corresponding group b (nonbitter) variant. Analysis of lactocepin activity toward alpha(s1)-casein (f 1-23) by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography demonstrated enzyme specificity among isogenic derivatives had been altered in a manner that was consistent with predicted amino acid substitutions in substrate binding regions. Milk acidification properties of some mutants were not statistically different (P > 0.05) from wild-type parent strains, and strain propensity for autolysis was also not significantly (P > 0.05) changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conversion of lactocepin substrate binding regions by allele exchange can effectively alter lactocepin specificity in industrial strains of L. lactis without significantly affecting other important strain properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methodology outlined in this study can be used to alter lactocepin specificity in commercial starter cultures with a propensity for bitter flavour defect, and prtP derivatives developed by this approach should be suitable for commercial application.
authors.affiliation: Western Dairy Center and Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Broadbent
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001329:Autolysis; D001665:Binding Sites; D002364:Caseins / Q000378:metabolism; D002611:Cheese; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000235:genetics*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D015202:Protein Engineering; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D004247:DNA; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C085783:lactocepin