title: Clostridium difficile ribotype 027, toxinotype III, the Netherlands.
abstract: Outbreaks due to Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ribotype 027, toxinotype III, were detected in 7 hospitals in the Netherlands from April 2005 to February 2006. One hospital experienced at the same time a second outbreak due to a toxin A-negative C. difficile PCR ribotype 017 toxinotype VIII strain. The outbreaks are difficult to control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, National Reference Library for Clostridium difficile, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands. e.j.kuijper@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Ed J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kuijper
authors.forename: Renate J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debast
authors.forename: Caroline E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veenendaal
authors.forename: Annet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Troelstra
authors.forename: Tjallie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Kooi
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van den Hof
authors.forename: Daan W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Notermans
mesh_terms: D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins