title: Facioskeletal changes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the facioskeletal morphology in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with and without temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty five patients were included. TMJ involvement was defined by orthopantomogram alterations. Lateral cephalograms were used to determine linear and angular measurements and occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients regardless of their TMJ status had a 67% chance for retrognathia and a 52% chance for posterior rotation of the mandible and, respectively, 82% and 58% if TMJ involvement were present. Changes were not uniformly distributed among the different subtypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with JIA have an altered facial morphology, especially in the presence of TMJ involvement.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Sp 1545, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.twilt@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Twilt
authors.forename: A J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schulten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nicolaas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dülger
authors.forename: L W A
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: van Suijlekom-Smit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*