title: Effects of ramelteon on patient-reported sleep latency in older adults with chronic insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of ramelteon, a selective MT(1)/MT(2) receptor agonist, for chronic insomnia treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 35-night outpatient trial with weekly clinic visits at multiple centers. Patients include older adults (>or=65 years; N=829) with chronic insomnia. Placebo, ramelteon 4mg, or ramelteon 8mg were taken nightly for five weeks, and patient-reported sleep data were collected using sleep diaries. Primary efficacy was sleep latency at week 1. Sustained efficacy was examined at weeks 3 and 5. Rebound insomnia and withdrawal effects were evaluated during a 7-day placebo run-out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both doses of ramelteon produced statistically significant reductions in sleep latency vs. placebo at week 1 (ramelteon 4mg: 70.2 vs. 78.5min, P=.008; ramelteon 8mg: 70.2 vs. 78.5 min, P=.008). Patients continued to report reduced sleep latency at week 3 with ramelteon 8mg (60.3 vs. 69.3min, P=.003), and at week 5 with ramelteon 4 mg (63.4 vs. 70.6 min, P=.028) and ramelteon 8 mg (57.7 vs. 70.6 min; P<.001). Statistically significant increases in total sleep time were observed with ramelteon 4 mg at week 1 (324.6 vs. 313.9 min, P=.004) and week 3 (336.0 vs. 324.3min, P=.007) compared with placebo. There was no evidence of significant rebound insomnia or withdrawal effects following treatment discontinuation. The incidence of adverse events was similar among all treatment groups; most were mild or moderate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older adults with chronic insomnia, ramelteon significantly reduced patient reports of sleep latency over five weeks of treatment with no significant rebound insomnia or withdrawal effects.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, CFP-3, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. troth1@hfhs.org
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seiden
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sainati
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang-Weigand
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007192:Indenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007192:Indenes; C495910:ramelteon