title: Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the nicotinic receptor subtypes that modulate excitation of parasympathetic cardiac neurons in the nucleus ambiguus from primarily alpha3beta2 and/or alpha6betaX to alpha3beta4.
abstract: Nicotinic receptors play an essential role in central cardiorespiratory function, however, the types of nicotinic receptors responsible for activating cardiac vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus that control heart rate are unknown. This study tests whether alpha-conotoxin MII and alpha-conotoxin AuIB sensitive nicotinic receptors are involved in augmentation of glutamatergic neurotransmission and changes in holding current in cardiac vagal neurons, and whether exposure to nicotine in the prenatal period alters these responses. The nicotinic agonist cytisine significantly increased the holding current and amplitude of glutamatergic mEPSCs. In unexposed animals alpha-conotoxin MII (100nM) significantly reduced the increase in mEPSC amplitude and change in holding current evoked by cytisine. However, in animals prenatally exposed to nicotine, alpha-conotoxin MII blunted but did not block the increase in mEPSC amplitude but blocked the increase in holding current evoked by cytisine. In unexposed animals, alpha-conotoxin AuIB (10microM) blocked the cytisine evoked increase in mEPSC amplitude and inhibited but did not abolish the increase in holding current. In contrast, in animals exposed to nicotine, alpha-conotoxin AuIB blunted the increase in mEPSC amplitude, and completely abolished the cytisine evoked increase in holding current. These data demonstrate that the prenatal nicotine exposure alters the nicotinic receptors involved in excitation of cardiac vagal neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20037, USA.
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamendi
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dergacheva
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng-Gui
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Evguenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouairi
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McIntosh
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendelowitz
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001392:Azocines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D020916:Conotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D000093843:Quinolizidine Alkaloids
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001392:Azocines; D020916:Conotoxins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009538:Nicotine; D018733:Nicotinic Antagonists; D011807:Quinolizines; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; C098872:alpha-conotoxin MII; C559463:alpha6beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; C115558:conotoxin AuIB; C419362:nicotinic receptor alpha3beta2; C403530:nicotinic receptor alpha3beta4; C004712:cytisine; D000093843:Quinolizidine Alkaloids