title: Composite membrane of bacterially-derived cellulose and molecularly imprinted polymer for use as a transdermal enantioselective controlled-release system of racemic propranolol.
abstract: A composite membrane for transdermal delivery of S-propranolol enantiomer was developed based on the controlled pore functionalization of bacterial cellulose membranes using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer synthesis. The reactive pore-filling of an asymmetric porous cellulose membrane with a MIP thin-layer was effected using a silanized coupler as an additional anchor for the MIP. MIP thin-layers with specific binding sites for S-propranolol were synthesized by copolymerization of methacrylic acid with a cross-linker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of S-propranolol as the template molecule and the latter was subsequently extracted. Selective transport of S-propranolol through the MIP composite membrane was obtained, although this was determined mostly by the parent cellulose membrane with some ancillary contributory effect from the MIP layer. In addition, an enantioselectivity in the transport of propranolol prodrug enantiomers was found, suggesting that the shape and functional groups orientation, which are similar to that of the print molecule were essential for enantiomeric recognition of the MIP composite membrane. The enantioselectivity of S-MIP membranes was also shown when the release of propranolol enantiomers was studied in vitro using rat skin, with racemic propranolol contained in the donor compartment. The composite membrane of bacterially-derived cellulose and molecularly imprinted polymer may have great potential for use as a transdermal enantioselective controlled-release system for racemic propranolol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkla 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chatchada
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bodhibukkana
authors.forename: Teerapol
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Srichana
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaewnopparat
authors.forename: Naruedom
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tangthong
authors.forename: Pisit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouking
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Roongnapa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suedee
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D041822:Gluconacetobacter xylinus / Q000737:chemistry; D006898:Hydroxylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016062:Porosity; D011433:Propranolol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006898:Hydroxylamines; D008689:Methacrylates; C494687:N,O-dimethacryloylhydroxylamine; D011108:Polymers; D012821:Silanes; C008384:methacrylic acid; C017492:methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; D002482:Cellulose; D011433:Propranolol