title: [Vesicoureteric reflux endoscopic treatment complications in childhood].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nowadays, around 1% of children suffer from vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), which represents a risk factor for long-term kidney damage. In the last decade, development in this field has shown that subureteric endoscopic injection of bulking agents for childhood VUR is an acceptable alternative unlike long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and open surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To establish the complications of childhood VUR endoscopic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was carried out for every patient treated endoscopically in our department from January 1999 to September 2003, with a total amount of 516 implants of submucous bulking agents. All patients were assessed with an ultrasound as a first diagnostic technique so as to establish the complications associated with it, especially ureteral obstruction and injected agent migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 516 cases, Macroplastique was used in 455, Deflux in 44 and Polytef in 17. 10 patients (1.9%) (5 girls/ 5 boys), with ages ranging from 15 months to 11,4 years, presented some kind of complications (Macroplastique was used in 8cases and Deflux in 2). Among them, 5 were remarkable due to an ureterohydronefrosis, 2 of which needed a nephrostomy. 3 patients presented an implant migration, 1 epididymitis and 1 bladder edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic bulking agent injection has become a safe alternative to open surgery in childhood VUR management.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital La Fe, Valencia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano Durba
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bonillo García
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moragues Estornell
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Domínguez Hinarejos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanguesa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez Verduch
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García Ibarra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003558:Cystoscopy; D003911:Dextrans; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012828:Silicones; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D012828:Silicones; C094535:deflux; C013830:baysilon; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid