title: A novel approach to accurate portal dosimetry using CCD-camera based EPIDs.
abstract: A new method for portal dosimetry using CCD camera-based electronic portal imaging devices (CEPIDs) is demonstrated. Unlike previous approaches, it is not based on a priori assumptions concerning CEPID cross-talk characteristics. In this method, the nonsymmetrical and position-dependent cross-talk is determined by directly imaging a set of cross-talk kernels generated by small fields ("pencil beams") exploiting the high signal-to-noise ratio of a cooled CCD camera. Signal calibration is achieved by imaging two reference fields. Next, portal dose images (PDIs) can be derived from electronic portal dose images (EPIs), in a fast forward-calculating iterative deconvolution. To test the accuracy of these EPI-based PDIs, a comparison is made to PDIs obtained by scanning diode measurements. The method proved accurate to within 0.2+/-0.7% (1 SD), for on-axis symmetrical and asymmetrical fields with different field widths and homogeneous phantom thicknesses, off-axis Alderson thorax fields and a strongly modulated IMRT field. Hence, the proposed method allows for fast, accurate portal dosimetry. In addition, it is demonstrated that the CEPID cross-talk signal is not only induced by optical photon reflection and scatter within the CEPID structure, but also by high-energy back-scattered radiation from CEPID elements (mirror and housing) towards the fluorescent screen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Division of Clinical Physics, Erasmus MC-Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. e.franken@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.forename: J C J
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: B J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Heijmen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*