title: [Evaluation of selected risk factors of atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased risk of atherosclerosis in individuals with diabetes mellitus is not fully explained by the conventional risk factors. Therefore, new independent risk factors are taken under consideration. AIM OF THE STUDY was to evaluate selected risk factors of atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 30 diabetic children, aged 5-18 years with plasma cholesterol concentration exceeding 170 mg/dl. In children, their parents and siblings plasma concentration of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol, triglicerides, homocysteine, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein B was measured and electrophoretic distribution of lipids was performed. Anthropometric measurements with BMI estimation were performed in diabetic children. Data were analyzed with respect to BMI, metabolic control and physical activity in children and with respect to family history of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in measured parameters were found between diabetic children and their healthy siblings besides significantly lower homocysteine concentration (p=0.037). Concentration of triglicerides was significantly higher in children with low than with high physical activity (101.6+/-64.6 mg/dl vs. 60.2+/-27.4 mg/dl respectively, p<0.05), HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in children with poor than with a satisfactory metabolic control (58.3+/-10.0 mg/dl vs. 69.1+/-12 mg/dl, p<0.05) and lipoprotein apoB concentration was significantly higher in children with positive (0.77+/-0.15 g/l) compared to children with a negative family history of atherosclerosis (0.66+/-0.09 g/l, p<0.05). Overweight did not influence the measured parameters significantly. Statistically significant positive correlations were found for apoB between affected children and their mothers (r=0.62), for LDL-cholesterol between affected children and their fathers (r=0.35), and for total cholesterol (r=0.47) and homocysteine (r=0.44) between affected children and their siblings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Lipid disorders in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus may be present regardless their metabolic control, but they are more pronounced in children with poor control 2. Higher triglicerides concentrations were found in children with low physical activity and higher apolipoprotein B concentration in children with a positive family history for atherosclerosis. 3. Parental lipoprotein concentration may significantly influence the lipid profile in their diabetic offspring.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii Dzieciecej Slaskiej AM w Katowicach, Katowice.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muchacka-Bianga
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deja
authors.forename: Przemysława
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarosz-Chobot
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Małecka-Tendera
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalina
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grychtoł
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol