title: Two-step regulation of Ad4BP/SF-1 gene transcription during fetal adrenal development: initiation by a Hox-Pbx1-Prep1 complex and maintenance via autoregulation by Ad4BP/SF-1.
abstract: The orphan nuclear receptor Ad4BP/SF-1 (adrenal 4 binding protein/steroidogenic factor 1) is essential for the proper development and function of reproductive and steroidogenic tissues. Although the expression of Ad4BP/SF-1 is specific for those tissues, the mechanisms underlying this tissue-specific expression remain unknown. In this study, we used transgenic mouse assays to examine the regulation of the tissue-specific expression of Ad4BP/SF-1. An investigation of the entire Ad4BP/SF-1 gene locus revealed a fetal adrenal enhancer (FAdE) in intron 4 containing highly conserved binding sites for Pbx-Prep, Pbx-Hox, and Ad4BP/SF-1. Transgenic assays revealed that the Ad4 sites, together with Ad4BP/SF-1, develop an autoregulatory loop and thereby maintain transcription, while the Pbx/Prep and Pbx/Hox sites initiate transcription prior to the establishment of the autoregulatory loop. Indeed, a limited number of Hox family members were found to be expressed in the adrenal primordia. Whether a true fetal-type adrenal cortex is present in mice remained controversial, and this argument was complicated by the postnatal development of the so-called X zone. Using transgenic mice with lacZ driven by the FAdE, we clearly identified a fetal adrenal cortex in mice, and the X zone is the fetal adrenal cells accumulated at the juxtamedullary region after birth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sex Differentiation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zubair
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Katsuzumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Ken-ichirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morohashi
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics*; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity; D000075062:Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C481797:Pbx1 protein, mouse; C491412:Pknox1 protein, mouse; D000075062:Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Transcription Factor 1; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D001616:beta-Galactosidase