title: Pre-clinical toxicology and pathology of 9-(2'-hydroxyethylamino)-4-methyl-1-nitroacridine (C-1748), a novel anti-cancer agent in male Beagle dogs.
abstract: We have developed a group of 4-substituted-1-nitroacridines with potent anti-tumor activity against prostate cancer and less toxic than parent 1-nitroacridines. The most active 9-(2'-hydroxyethylamino)-4-methyl-1-nitroacridine (C-1748) was selected for pre-clinical studies. The current study was undertaken to evaluate clinical and/or morphological adverse effects of C-1748 as a single intravenous dose at concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 4.6 mg/kg administered to male Beagle dogs. The maximum tolerated dose was 1.5 mg/kg. Emesis was observed in all groups lasting an average of 30 min to 12 h post-dosing. At high dose, extreme aggression was observed in one dog followed by disorientation and depression lasting for 48 h a frequent observation with chemotherapy. Reductions in platelets and white blood cells were observed which was similar to that seen with other chemotherapeutic agents. A compensatory hyperplasia of lymph nodes and a transient and limited extravasation in the intestinal mucosa were also observed. Increases in aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine phosphokinase were transient with normal levels restored by day 9. These enzyme increases were accompanied by epithelial hypertrophy of larger bile ductules in the periportal triads of the liver. The low toxicity profile and high tumor target activity make this novel class of drug a promising chemotherapeutic agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ashok
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tadi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konopa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iatropoulos
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology; D009564:Nitracrine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C513812:9-(2'-hydroxyethylamino)-4-methyl-1-nitroacridine; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009564:Nitracrine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase