title: Diagnosis and treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in neonates and children.
abstract: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a well-known side effect of heparin therapy, occurs with an incidence of 1-2% in certain pediatric patient groups. In affected children, HIT markedly increases the risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism. The use of alternative anticoagulation with danaparoid, lepirudin and argatroban in adults and children has demonstrated to be safe and could reduce morbidity and mortality also in affected pediatric patients. Thus, in children and neonates, an early diagnosis and accurate management is crucial to avoid the deleterious consequences of HIT. This review article will focus on the presentation of HIT in neonates and children. It reviews the pathophysiology of HIT and it summarizes epidemiological data. Finally important diagnostic and therapeutic issues are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Decision Making Research Unit, Vorarlberg Institute of Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Academic Teaching Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Risch
authors.forename: Andreas R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmugge
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin