title: Developmental vitamin D deficiency alters MK 801-induced hyperlocomotion in the adult rat: An animal model of schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Developmental vitamin D (DVD) deficiency has been proposed as a risk factor for schizophrenia. The behavioral phenotype of adult rats subjected to transient low prenatal vitamin D is characterized by spontaneous hyperlocomotion but normal prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of selected psychotropic agents and one well-known antipsychotic agent on the behavioral phenotype of DVD deplete rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control versus DVD deplete adult rats were assessed on holeboard, open field and PPI. In the open field, animals were given MK-801 and/or haloperidol. For PPI, the animals were given apomorphine or MK-801.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DVD deplete rats had increased baseline locomotion on the holeboard task and increased locomotion in response to MK-801 compared to control rats. At low doses, haloperidol antagonized the MK-801 hyperactivity of DVD deplete rats preferentially and, at a high dose, resulted in a more pronounced reduction in spontaneous locomotion in DVD deplete rats. DVD depletion did not affect either baseline or drug-mediated PPI response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that DVD deficiency is associated with a persistent alteration in neuronal systems associated with motor function but not those associated with sensory motor gating. In light of the putative association between low prenatal vitamin D and schizophrenia, the discrete behavioral differences associated with the DVD model may help elucidate the neurobiological correlates of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kesby
authors.forename: Thomas H J
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Burne
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Darryl W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Eyles
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D006220:Haloperidol