title: Maternal fish oil supplementation during lactation does not affect blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, or heart rate variability in 2.5-y-old children.
abstract: Maternal (n-3) PUFA deficiency is associated with higher blood pressure (BP) later in life in rat offspring, and early intake of (n-3) PUFA in formula-fed infants was shown to modify later BP. BP, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) are affected by dietary (n-3) PUFA in adults. In this study, we investigated whether fish oil (FO) supplementation of lactating mothers could modify BP, pulse wave velocity (PWV), and HRV in their children after 2 y. Mothers with low fish intake were randomly assigned to FO or olive oil (OO) supplementation for the first 4 mo after delivery. A reference group of mothers with a high habitual fish intake (HFI) was also followed. At the follow-up study at 2.5 y of age, BP and PWV were measured, and electrocardiograms were recorded for 0.5 h. FO supplementation significantly increased RBC levels of long-chain (n-3) PUFA of the 4 mo-old children, but at 2.5 y, the FO and OO groups did not differ. BP, PWV, HR, and HRV also did not differ among the groups. However, for all 3 groups, the children's intake of (n-3) PUFA at 2.5 y was negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure after adjustment for outdoor temperature (r = -0.245, P = 0.04). In conclusion, maternal FO supplementation had no overall effect on BP, PWV, or HRV of the children, indicating that (n-3) PUFA intake of Danish mothers may be sufficient in this sense. However, children's dietary intake of (n-3) PUFA might have a beneficial effect on BP in childhood.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Food Studies, Department of Human Nutrition, the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larnkjaer
authors.forename: Jeppe H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Kim F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils