title: The respective and combined anticoagulant effects of recombinant human activated protein C, melagatran and heparins using CAT.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combinations of anticoagulants might be beneficial in some patients with sepsis, but most anticoagulants require specific clotting assays for monitoring. Thrombin generation assay, however, is a global function test of hemostasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an in vitro investigation of the respective effects of recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) alone and in combination with either melagatran (a new direct thrombin inhibitor), unfractionated heparin (UH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in varying concentrations on the thrombin generation (TG) using the calibrated automated thrombography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RhAPC, UH, LMWH and melagatran dose-dependently prolonged the lag time and the time to peak, and significantly suppressed the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP). Combined application of rhAPC with either melagatran, UH or LMWH induced an additive prolongation of the lag time; this effect was more pronounced in a combination of rhAPC with UH or LMWH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our in vitro study adding either melagatran, UH or LMWH augmented the capacity of rhAPC to suppress thrombin generation in human plasma. These findings suggest that patients with severe sepsis might benefit from a treatment with combinations of anticoagulant agents.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Research Institute for Pediatric Hemostasis and Thrombosis at the Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, 8036 Graz, Austria. christina_cimenti@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cimenti
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koestenberger
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leschnik
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haidl
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Muntean
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001384:Azetidines / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011486:Protein C / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy; D013918:Thrombin Time
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D011486:Protein C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C109573:melagatran