title: Asialoglycoprotein-receptor-targeted hepatocyte imaging using 99mTc galactosylated chitosan.
abstract: This study investigated the usefulness of 99mTc hydrazinonicotinamide-galactosylated chitosan (HGC) in hepatocyte imaging. HGC was obtained by coupling the galactose moiety of both lactobionic acid and succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate hydrochloride (succinimidyl HYNIC). The coupled product was then radiolabeled with 99mTc using stannous chloride and tricine as reducing agent and coligand, respectively. Labeling efficiency was >90% both in room temperature and in serum up to 24 h after injection. The hepatic uptake properties of 99mTc HGC were studied in Balb/C mice. 99mTc HGC and 99mTc hydrazinonicotinamide chitosan (HC) were intravenously injected into mice, with receptor binding identified by coinjection with 9 and 14 mg of free galactose. Images were acquired with a gamma-camera. After injection via the tail vein of the mice, 99mTc HGC showed high selectivity for the liver, while 99mTc HC without a galactose group showed low liver uptake. In addition, the hepatic uptake of 99mTc HGC was blocked by coinjection of free galactose. Tissue distribution was determined at three different times (10, 60 and 120 min). The liver accumulated 13.16+/-2.72%, 16.11+/-5.70% and 16.55+/-2.28% of the injected dose per gram at 10, 60 and 120 min after injection, respectively. 99mTc HGC showed specific and rapid targeting of hepatocytes. It is a promising receptor-specific radiopharmaceutical with potential applications in liver imaging for the evaluation of hepatocytic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwan-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Se-Lim
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Jae-Woon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nah
authors.forename: Hee-Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bom
authors.forename: In-Kyu
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chong-Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor / Q000378:metabolism*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013667:Technetium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013667:Technetium; D048271:Chitosan; D005690:Galactose