title: Systematic review of postoperative complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with immunomodulators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This systematic review examined the use of immunomodulators and the risk of postoperative complications after abdominal surgery in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Ingenta, Zetoc and Ovid) were searched and the reference lists in all articles identified were hand-searched for further relevant papers. Studies were included if they evaluated postoperative complications and defined exposure to individual immunomodulators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria were observational studies; two were reported only in abstract form. Five studies reported risks associated with azathioprine, five reported risks associated with cyclosporin and three reported risks associated with infliximab. None showed an increased risk of either total or infectious complications associated with immunomodulator use. However, subgroup analysis in one study, published as an abstract, suggested increased rates of anastomotic complications and reoperation associated with azathioprine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available evidence does not suggest an increased rate of postoperative complications associated with immunomodulator use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, St George's Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK. vsubrama@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: R C G
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pollok
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000069285:Infliximab; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000069285:Infliximab; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D001379:Azathioprine