title: The association of serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations with mortality in women with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether degree of iron stores influences progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is controversial. We studied the relationship of indirect measures of iron stores with mortality in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naive participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-eight HIV-infected women who died before July 1996 were individually matched by CD4+ cell count (within +/- 50 cells/mL) and HIV RNA level (within +/- 0.50 log10 copies/mL) to 154 controls. Serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations were measured in 151 pairs of women. Results. Using multivariable conditional logistic regression models that were adjusted for self-reported antiretroviral therapy use, age, smoking status, ethnicity, hemoglobin concentration, C-reactive protein and aspartate amino transferase, a log10 increase in baseline serum ferritin concentration was associated with a 1.67-fold increase in the odds of death (95% CI: 0.98, 2.86) and a one-unit decrease in transferrin receptor to log10 ferritin ratio was associated with a 1.12-fold (95% CI: 1.01, 1.23) increase in the odds of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, higher indirect measures of iron status were associated with reduced survival among HAART-naive HIV-infected women. Additional prospective studies with data on direct measures of iron status along with randomized trials are needed to elucidate the current equipoise over whether iron supplementation is beneficial by preventing anemia or harmful by increasing iron stores in HIV-infected women.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sickle Cell Disease and Dept. of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA. vgordeuk@howard.edu
authors.forename: Victor R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Gordeuk
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Onojobi
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Fitzroy W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Dawkins
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delapenha
authors.forename: Yaroslav
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Voloshin
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: von Wyl
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bacon
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minkoff
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Mardge
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Greenblatt
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood*; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins