title: Intravesical N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide and adriamycin induces apoptosis in bladder cancer.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the intravesical application of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) and adriamycin (ADM), as a treatment modality in a an animal model of chemically-induced bladder cancer. Bladder cancer developed in 50.0% of female Wistar rats, 4-6 weeks after intravesical application of the chemical carcinogen, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). There was no significant difference in side effects induced by local versus systemic 4-HPR. Although tumor growth was inhibited by 4-HPR and ADM alone, tumor size was lower when both agents were used together. Apoptosis occurred at a higher rate in the combination group than when 4-HPR or ADM was used alone. The results suggest that intravesical use of 4-HPR and ADM may increase their efficacy in treatment of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. qianlx@njmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xinru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Feugang
authors.forename: Changping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000477:Alkylating Agents; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017313:Fenretinide; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D004317:Doxorubicin