title: Prediction of urinary symptoms after 125iodine prostate brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the post-treatment urinary morbidity experienced by a cohort of men undergoing ultrasound-based transperineal prostate brachytherapy, as monotherapy for early stage carcinoma of the prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-four consecutive patients received prostate brachytherapy between March 2000 and July 2002, and were asked to complete the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaires before treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after implant. Data on catheterisation and surgical interventions were also recorded. Pre-treatment IPSS, dosimetry and other variables were analysed in relation to catheterisation rates and post-treatment IPSS scores at each time window.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eleven patients returned sufficient data for meaningful analysis. Of the patients who completed IPSS at 1 month, 85 (97%) reported deterioration in IPSS scores. This peak of symptoms, identified by a rise in median IPSS, started to improve by 3 months, and was approaching baseline by 18 months. The only significant determinants of early urinary toxicity were pre-treatment IPSS, pre-treatment prostate volume and the difficulty of implant. However, prostate volume was not significant beyond 1 month. Twenty-six patients required catheterisation at a median of 10 days after implant. Significant predictors of urinary retention were pre-treatment prostate volume and pre-treatment IPSS. Patients requiring catheterisation continued to have significantly higher IPSS at 18 months than patients who had never required a catheter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brachytherapy was generally well tolerated, with urinary toxicity in most patients persisting for at least 3-6 months after prostate brachytherapy. Those whose pre-treatment prostate volume and IPSS were high experienced more severe urinary symptoms in the first few months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Withington, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swindell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Routledge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Logue
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wylie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes