title: The thioesterase domain of the fengycin biosynthesis cluster: a structural base for the macrocyclization of a non-ribosomal lipopeptide.
abstract: Many secondary metabolic peptides from bacteria and fungi are produced by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) where the final step of biosynthesis is often catalysed by designated thioesterase domains. Here, we report the 1.8A crystal structure of the fengycin thioesterase (FenTE) from Bacillus subtilis F29-3, which catalyses the regio- and stereoselective release and macrocyclization of the antibiotic fengycin from the NRPS template. A structure of the PMSF-inactivated FenTE domain suggests the location of the oxyanion hole and the binding site of the C-terminal residue l-Ile11 of the lipopeptide. Using a combination of docking, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro activity assays, a model of the FenTE-fengycin complex was derived in which peptide cyclization requires strategic interactions with residues lining the active site canyon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Philipps-Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Samel
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marahiel
authors.forename: Lars-Oliver
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Essen
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D046908:Peptide Biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid-Independent; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010664:Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C049972:fengycin; D010664:Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C110972:fengycin synthetase