title: Apolipoprotein E polymorphism in the Tunisian population: frequency and effect on lipid parameters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the frequencies of apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene alleles and examined the association between apo E polymorphism and lipid parameters in a sample of the Tunisian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Apo E polymorphism was investigated using PCR, and plasma lipid parameters were measured in 122 men and 111 women aged 35 to 87 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequencies were epsilon2: 7.3%, epsilon3: 84.6%, and epsilon4: 8.1%. Apo E polymorphism was associated with significant differences (P<0.001) in total cholesterol, apo B and LDL cholesterol in both men and women. epsilon2 carriers had the lowest mean total cholesterol, apo B and LDL-C concentrations, and subjects with the epsilon4 allele had the highest levels. Triglycerides levels increased with the epsilon4 allele, but this did not reach statistical significance. These results remained unchanged after adjustment for age, body mass index, sex, hypertension, diabetes and smoking. However, in obese subjects (BMI>30 kg/m2), TG concentrations were significantly lower in individuals homozygous for the epsilon3 allele compared to those with the alleles epsilon2 or epsilon4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample of the Tunisian population, the distribution of apo E gene alleles is similar to that observed in Southern European populations with low prevalence of the epsilon4 allele. Variations in the apo E gene play a role in determining plasma lipid levels. These data also suggest that effects of apo E alleles on lipids levels are partly dependent on environmental variables such as BMI. These findings highlight the importance of the gene/environment interaction on the deleterious effect of obesity on cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche LAB-SM-01, Service de Biochimie, Hôpital la Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia. jemaa_riadh@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jemaa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elasmi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Naouali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kallel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Souissi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanhaji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadj Taïeb
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Souheil
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaabachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014416:Tunisia
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D017931:DNA Primers; D008055:Lipids