title: Delayed enhancement MR imaging: utility in myocardial assessment.
abstract: Use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for diagnosis of cardiac diseases and treatment monitoring is expanding. Delayed myocardial enhancement MR imaging is performed after administration of paramagnetic contrast agents and is used for a growing number of clinical applications. This technique was developed primarily for characterization of myocardial scarring after myocardial infarction. On delayed enhancement MR images, scarring or fibrosis appears as an area of high signal intensity that is typically subendocardial or transmural in a coronary artery distribution. However, delayed myocardial enhancement is not specific for myocardial infarction and can occur in a variety of other disorders, such as inflammatory or infectious diseases of the myocardium, cardiomyopathy, cardiac neoplasms, and congenital or genetic cardiac conditions, as well as after cardiac interventions. In nonischemic myocardial disease, the delayed enhancement usually does not occur in a coronary artery distribution and is often midwall rather than subendocardial or transmural. Therefore, the patient's clinical history is critical in the evaluation of delayed myocardial enhancement MR images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, MRI, Room 143, 600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vogel-Claussen
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Rochitte
authors.forename: Katherine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ihab R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Kamel
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: João A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013997:Time Factors; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA