title: Reviving an old idea: can artificial pneumothorax play a role in the modern management of tuberculosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the usefulness of artificial pneumothorax (AP) in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients when anti-tuberculosis treatment is ineffective.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the outcome of therapy in 214 patients with cavitary PTB bacteriologically confirmed by culture treated during 1998-2004, 78.9% of whom had multidrug resistance. AP was applied in 109 patients (56 newly diagnosed TB and 53 retreatment cases). A control group consisted of 105 patients (respectively 55 and 50) treated without AP. The average period of AP application was 4.5 months for newly diagnosed patients and 9 months in retreatment cases. Anti-tuberculosis treatment regimens in both groups were based on drug susceptibility test results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Culture negativity was achieved in patients treated with AP in all new cases and in 81.1% of retreatment cases. Cavity closure occurred in 94.6% and 67.9% respectively. In the control group, culture negativity was achieved in respectively 70.9% and 40.0%, and cavity closure occurred in respectively 56.3% and 24.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AP considerably improved the treatment outcome in both newly diagnosed and retreatment patients. This procedure can be considered a useful addition in managing certain patients with cavitary TB, particularly those with drug resistance.
authors.affiliation: Urals Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Igor_Motus@net-burg.net
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Motus
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Skorniakov
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Sokolov
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Egorov
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Kildyusheva
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Savel'ev
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Zaletaeva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011031:Pneumothorax, Artificial; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012426:Russia; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*