title: [Application of (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging in radiation oncology: choline as a marker for determining the relative probability of tumor progression after radiation of glial brain tumors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative signal intensity ratios of choline (Cho), phosphocreatine (CR) and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in MR spectroscopic imaging (proton-MRSI) for differentiating progressive tumors (PT) from non-progressive tumors (nPT) in follow-up and treatment planning of gliomas. Threshold values to indicate the probability of a progressive tumor were also calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with histologically proven gliomas showing a suspicious brain lesion in MRI after stereotactic radiotherapy were evaluated on a 1.5 Tesla unit (Magnetom Vision, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) using 2D proton MRSI (repetition time/echo time = 1500/135 msec, PRESS; voxel size 9 x 9 x 15 mm (3)). A total of 274 spectra were analyzed (92 voxel were localized within the suspicious brain lesion). Relative signal intensities Cho, Cr and NAA were measured and their ability to discern between PT and nPT was assessed using the linear discrimination method, logistic regression, and the cross-validation method. PT and nPT were differentiated between on the basis of clinical course and follow-up by MRI, CT and positron emission tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cho parameter and the relative signal intensity ratios of Cr and NAA were most effective in differentiating between PT and nPT. The logistic regression method using the parameter ln(Cho/Cr) and ln(Cho/NAA) had the best predictive results in cross-validation. A sensitivity of 93.8 % and specificity of 85.7 % were achieved in the differentiation of PT from nPT by proton-MRSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1)H-MRSI has a high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between therapy-related effects and the relapse of irradiated gliomas. This method allows for assessment of the probability of radiotherapy response or failure.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Radiologische Diagnostik, Universität Tübingen. matthias.lichy@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lichy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bachert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamprecht
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Debus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schulz-Ertner
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schlemmer
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003287:Contrast Media; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012016:Reference Values; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D002794:Choline