title: Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of selective beta1 adrenergic blockade during sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective beta adrenergic antagonists are commonly used to reduce myocardial demise in patients at risk for cardiac-related death. The purpose of this study was to examine the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of cardiac selective beta adrenergic blockade in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle protein kinetics were quantified using isotopic tracer methodology in 6 moderately septic, mechanically ventilated patients with pneumonia before and then at the conclusion of a 3-hour infusion of esmolol of sufficient dose to reduce heart rate by 20% from baseline. A battery of hemodynamic measurements as facilitated by a thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter and indirect calorimetry were also measured before and after the 3-hour selective beta adrenergic blockade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Selective beta adrenergic blockade was associated with the 20% reduction in heart rate and a comparable decrease in cardiac output. Esmolol administration failed to affect systemic or pulmonary vascular resistance, oxygen consumption, hepatic or leg blood flow, energy expenditure, or ATP availability/energy charge within muscle. Esmolol infuse did incite a shift in fuel oxidation toward an increase in palmitate oxidation and with a decrease in the oxidation of glucose. There was no demonstrable influence beta1 adrenergic blockade on muscle protein kinetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac selective beta adrenergic blockade with esmolol reduces cardiac output in proportion to the percentage decreases in heart rate in moderately severe septic patients without adversely affecting oxygen utilization or hepatic, peripheral blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA. dcgore@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001830:Body Surface Area; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D058671:Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011412:Propanolamines; D003404:Creatinine; C036604:esmolol; D010100:Oxygen