title: Leishmania donovani: intracellular ATP level regulates apoptosis-like death in luteolin induced dyskinetoplastid cells.
abstract: Leishmaniasis presents a spectrum of diseases ranging from benign cutaneous lesions to the often-fatal visceralizing form. Luteolin, a dietary flavone induces apoptosis-like death in both promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania, the causative agent of the diseases. Here, we have elucidated the mechanism of action of luteolin by analyzing the mitochondrial and cytosolic changes associated with apoptosis-like death of leishmanial cells. In Leishmania donovani, treatment with luteolin induces the loss of both maxicircles and minicircles which resulted in the formation of dyskinetoplastid cells. The loss of mitochondrial DNA causes reduction in the activities of complex I, II, III, and IV of electron transport chain. However, the mitochondrial ATPase activity of complex V remains almost unaltered during treatment with luteolin but the sensitivity to oligomycin is lost. The inactivation of ETC complex is associated with decrease in mitochondrial as well as glycolytic ATP production, which is responsible for depolarization of Deltapsi(m) and alteration in mitochondrial structure. This event is followed by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria in mt-DNA depleted leishmanial cells and causes an activation of caspase like proteases. Collectively our results provide the first insight into the mechanistic pathway of apoptosis-like death where inhibition of glycolytic ATP production is an essential event responsible for depolarization of Deltapsi(m) in mt-DNA depleted cells to propagate apoptosis-like death in leishmanial cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Parasitology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
authors.forename: Nilkantha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Benu Brata
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Agneyo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganguly
authors.forename: Bijoylaxhmi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Tanusree
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Hemanta K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Majumder
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047311:Luteolin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D045304:Cytochromes c; D020169:Caspases; D047311:Luteolin