title: The dietary valine requirement for prolific lactating sows does not exceed the National Research Council estimate.
abstract: Two studies were conducted to determine the effect of increasing the valine:lysine (V:L) ratio in diets of lactating sows above the minimum proposed by the NRC (1998). The first experiment involved 189 PIC, Camborough product sows (parity 1 to 4) that were allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments. Diets were formulated to achieve total dietary V:L ratios of 0.90, 1.05, or 1.25:1, respectively, and were corn and soybean meal-based. The second experiment involved 279 PIC, Camborough sows (parity 1 to 5) that were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments. Diets 1 and 3 were formulated using corn and a fixed inclusion of soybean meal (16.7%), with 0.27% L-lysine HCl. The V:L ratios in diets 1 and 3 were 0.73 and 1.25:1, respectively. Diets 2 and 4 were typical corn-soybean meal diets containing 0.05% L-lysine HCl, with a fixed inclusion of soybean meal (22.7%). The V:L ratios in diets 2 and 4 were 0.86 and 1.25:1, respectively. In both experiments, each litter was standardized to a minimum of 10 pigs, which achieved litter growth rates of 2.22 and 2.56 kg/d in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, increasing the dietary V:L ratio beyond 0.90:1 did not improve (P > 0.10) the number of pigs weaned, survival rate, or piglet growth rate, even though sows were nursing more than 10 pigs per litter for 19 d. In Exp. 2, total lysine intake was similar among treatments and ranged from 52.1 to 55.3 g/d. Valine intake increased as the diet valine concentration increased (diet 1 vs. 3 and diet 2 vs. 4, P < 0.001), ranging from 40.0 to 66.1 g/d. Litter gain tended to improve (P = 0.14) when the 0.27% L-lysine HCl control (0.73 V:L) was supplemented with valine to achieve a 1.25:1 V:L ratio. In contrast, no aspect of sow or litter response was improved when the practical control diet containing 0.05% L-lysine HCl (0.86 V:L) was supplemented with valine to achieve a 1.25:1 V:L ratio. Collectively, this research shows that a V:L ratio in excess of 0.86 does not conserve maternal tissue loss or improve piglet growth rate, but a V:L ratio of 0.73 may compromise litter growth rate.
authors.affiliation: Pig Improvement Company Research Farm, Franklin, KY 42135, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gaines
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Usry
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Touchette
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Allee
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D009307:National Academy of Sciences, U.S.; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States; D014633:Valine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014633:Valine; D008239:Lysine