title: CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in health and disease.
abstract: 1. Over the past 5 years, tremendous progress has been made in understanding the suppressive mechanisms of T regulatory (Treg) cells. The Treg cells, a subpopulation of T cells, have been shown to play an important role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and the prevention of autoimmunity. 2. Various populations of Treg cells have been described, including thymically derived CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells. These naturally occurring Treg cells are present in the periphery and are capable of suppressing proliferation and effector T cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. 3. In addition, a second subset of Treg cells, type 1 T regulatoary (Tr1) and Th3 cells, exert their suppressive capacity via cytokines such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta and are contact independent. 4. The present review summarizes the characteristics and molecular basis of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells, as well as their therapeutic potential in modulating inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Haiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bernard P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D016023:Integrins; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C106544:Tnfrsf18 protein, mouse; C070709:integrin alphaEbeta7