title: Improving the quality of randomized controlled trials in Chinese herbal medicine, part III: quality control of Chinese herbal medicine used in randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss quality control of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and to provide suggestions for improving this aspect in future clinical study in this therapeutic area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search of the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify RCTs of CHM. Quality control information reported in those RCTs was then assessed independently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search yielded a total of 167 RCTs of CHM for a variety of conditions. A total of 11 CHM preparations were used in those RCTs. Only one trial discussed quality control of the CHM interventions used. Issues affecting the safety and efficacy of CHM products used in RCTs were discussed including standardization of raw herbal materials, processing methods, screening for product contamination, and effects of combination products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall quality of reporting of RCTs of CHM was poor, reflecting the need for improvements in reporting future clinical trials in this area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To improve quality control of CHM used in RCTs in future, we recommend developing and implementing guidelines such as Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) for Chinese crude drugs, and current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) specific to CHM products. Chemical analyses of individual herbs of CHM and combination products are also recommended to provide reference standards for quality control.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Kelvin S Y
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Zhao-Xiang
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moher
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagenais
authors.forename: You-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tai-Xiang
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jiang-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Miao
mesh_terms: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal