title: Intentional avulsion fracture of the second cervical vertebra in a hypotonic child.
abstract: Children uncommonly present with cervical fractures due to high-impact injuries. A 4-year-old child with developmental delay and chronic hypotonia presented to the hospital with acute onset of irritability and transient difficulty in walking. Lateral neck x-rays showed avulsion fracture of the second cervical vertebra. Neck magnetic resonance imaging study showed injury to the interspinal ligaments between the first and second cervical vertebrae in addition to confirming the acute avulsion fracture of C-2. The child was injured after he was thrown onto a bed from a distance of 1 to 2 ft according to his babysitter's admission. This is the first reported pediatric case presenting this type of inflicted fracture in a hypotonic child, although hypotonia may not have played a causal role.
authors.affiliation: Child Protection Program, USA. resmiye-oral@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Resmiye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: Riad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahhal
authors.forename: Huda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elshershari
authors.forename: Arnold H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Menezes
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000150:complications*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*