title: EMA assessment of tongue-jaw co-ordination during speech in dysarthria following traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the spatio-timing aspects of tongue-jaw co-ordination during speech in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was hypothesized that both timing and spatial co-ordination would be affected by TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group comparison design wherein Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare non-neurologically impaired individuals with individuals with TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine non-neurologically impaired adults and nine adults with TBI were involved in the study. Electromagnetic articulography (EMA) was used to track tongue and jaw movement during /t/ and /k/, embedded in sentence and syllable stimuli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of group data did not reveal a significant difference in spatio-timing tongue-jaw co-ordination between the control group and TBI group. On an individual basis, a proportion of individuals with TBI differed from non-neurologically impaired participants with regard to articulatory order and percentage of jaw contribution to /t/.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMA assessment results supported perceptual data; those adults who presented with severe articulatory disturbances exhibited the most deviant spatio-timing tongue-jaw co-ordination patterns. This finding could provide a new and specific direction for treatment, directed at combined movement patterns.
authors.affiliation: Motor Speech Research Unit, Division of Speech Pathology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. c.bartle@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Carly J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bartle
authors.forename: Justine V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Goozée
authors.forename: Dion
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: Mili
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuruvilla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001259:Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D013062:Speech Articulation Tests / Q000379:methods; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*