title: [Hepatitis C-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: five new cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hepatitis C-Autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome is an uncommon condition whose management can be difficult in both diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five cases of hepatitis C and autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome, brought by a retrospective study, are reported. Hepatitis C was proven by a positive HCV viral load and the autoimmune hepatitis was proven by characteristic immunological and/or histological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were female, the mean age at diagnosis was 54.2 years (+/-6.6), only one patient had a history of autoimmune disease (autoimmune thyroiditis). Four patients had significant autoantibodies levels (over 1/320) and 4 had a high serum gammaglobulin level (over 1.5 times the upper normal limit). Liver biopsy showed characteristic features of autoimmune hepatitis in all cases and characteristic features of chronic HCV infection in 3 cases. Corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive treatment was given as a first line therapy in 4 cases while an antiviral treatment has been tried in 4 cases with a good viral response in 2 of them. Corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive treatment enhanced HCV viral load in all cases, however a histological improvement was observed in every case in which a control biopsy has been performed (3 cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the deciding contribution of the initial histological findings in the diagnosis of such a HCV/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome; it also demonstrates that histological outcome is not necessarily compromised by corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, groupe hospitalier Saint-André, CHU de Bordeaux, France. azizkha@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kharchafi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morlat
authors.forename: P-H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balabaud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beylot
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007372:Interferons