title: Inflammatory bowel disease characteristics among African Americans, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites: characterization of a large North American cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising primarily of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasingly prevalent in racial and ethnic minorities. This study was undertaken to characterize racial differences in disease phenotype in a predominantly adult population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phenotype data on 830 non-Hispanic white, 127 non-Hispanic African American, and 169 Hispanic IBD patients, recruited from six academic centers, were abstracted from medical records and compiled in the NIDDK-IBD Genetics Consortium repository. We characterized racial differences in family history, disease location and behavior, surgical history, and extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) using standardized definitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African American CD patients were more likely than whites to develop esophagogastroduodenal CD (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.4-5.5), colorectal disease (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.1-3.4), perianal disease (OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.03-2.8), but less likely to have ileal involvement (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32-0.96). They were also at higher risk for uveitis (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 2.3-13.0) and sacroiliitis (OR = 4.0; 95% CI: 1.55-10.1). Hispanics had higher prevalence of perianal CD (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.8-4.6) and erythema nodosum (3.3; 95% CI: 1.7-6.4). Among UC patients, Hispanics had more proximal disease extent. Both African American and Hispanic CD patients, but not UC patients, had lower prevalences of family history of IBD than their white counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are racial differences in IBD family history, disease location, and EIMs that may reflect underlying genetic variations and have important implications for diagnosis and management of disease. These findings underscore the need for further studies in minority populations.
authors.affiliation: Harvey M. and Lyn P. Meyerhoff Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Geoffrey C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Esther A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regueiro
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bromfield
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bitton
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stempak
authors.forename: Themistocles
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dassopoulos
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schumm
authors.forename: Federico J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hanauer
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Sunanda V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Heather Kiraly
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Orkwis
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lahaie
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliva-Hemker
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pare
authors.forename: Gary E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rioux
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Duerr
authors.forename: Judy H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: A Hillary
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Steinhart
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Silverberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative; D003108:Colonic Diseases; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004378:Duodenal Diseases; D004893:Erythema Nodosum / Q000150:complications; D004935:Esophageal Diseases; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D015995:Prevalence; D012002:Rectal Diseases; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint; D013272:Stomach Diseases; D014481:United States; D014605:Uveitis / Q000209:etiology; D044465:White People