title: Contribution of man-made activities to the pollution of the Tigris within Mosul area/IRAQ.
abstract: This paper presents an overall view of major sources that may lead to the pollution of the Tigris within Mosul city. A stretch exceeding 20kms in length is selected that represents the "sick" path of the river. Many sites along the studied stretch are likely to affect the river quality in some way or another. Samples from 40 sources sites are taken for quality analyses These sources--as huge as 400000 m3 a day--are characterized as (medium - strong) in composition. Such wastewaters with the pollutants they carry alter the river water quality rendering it unsuitable for beneficial uses. Such alterations--do leave--many negative consequences concerning human beings and aquatic life. It is found that domestic discharges are among the most important sources of pollution. Sanitary wastes are often discharged--untreated--into the Tigris. Other illegal practices such as in-house slaughtering add to the pollution as well. Industrial, tourist and institutional wastes put an additional burden on pollution of the river water quality. These wastes contain lead, chrome, and other heavy metals that may pose health risks. Wastewater treatment plants that exist in some sectors do not perform as they are expected. They need proper evaluation and rehabilitation. Eutrophication--a characteristic problem in lakes--finds an access to occur into the Tigris. This problem results from intensive use of detergents rich in nutrients (P&N compounds). In general, pollutants of different sources heavily affect the river water. Recovery and self purification of the river is estimated to occur at 40 km far from reference point. The paper concludes with the necessity of construction of a central treatment plant(s) or tackling the pollutants at their origin. The paper also stresses on importance of environmental education and awareness in order to combat pollution problems.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Environment Research Center (ERR), Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq. alrawism@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Rawi
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003902:Detergents; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005068:Eutrophication; D019649:Food Industry; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007493:Iraq; D008506:Medical Waste; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D013784:Textiles; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D003902:Detergents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008506:Medical Waste; D010710:Phosphates; D013431:Sulfates; D014873:Water Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll