title: Hybrid peripheral 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography of calf and foot vasculature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to describe hybrid peripheral (HyPer) 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) using sagittal acquisition with parallel imaging of the calf and foot station. The benefit of a dedicated sagittal 3D CE-MRA acquisition of the calf and foot was evaluated by assessing the degree of venous contamination and its diagnostic quality compared with standard bolus chase 3D CE-MRA alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients (99 legs) were scanned with a 1.5-T MR system equipped with a dedicated bilateral lower extremity phased-array coil. First, high-resolution 3D CE-MRA images of the calves and feet were obtained using two separate sagittal slabs with parallel imaging, with a resulting voxel size of 1.4 x 1.0 x 1.0 mm3. Second, standard bolus chase 3D CE-MRA was performed from the abdomen and pelvis station to the calf-foot station. Images were interpreted by two radiologists. The calf-foot arterial trees were divided into 12 segments. Each segment was characterized as diagnostic or nondiagnostic. The degree of venous contamination was assessed as interfering with the diagnosis or not. Paired Student's t test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test were used to test for statistically significant differences between the techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the left leg (n = 48), the mean number (+/- SD) of diagnosed arterial segments for HyPer 3D CE-MRA was 9.2 +/- 2.3 and for bolus chase 3D CE-MRA, 7.1 +/- 4.2 (p < or = 0.0004). For the right leg (n = 51), the corresponding values were 9.4 +/- 2.2 and 7.6 +/- 3.5 (p < or = 0.0005), respectively. For bolus chase 3D CE-MRA, venous contamination interfered with the diagnosis in 24 of 99 legs, whereas with HyPer 3D CE-MRA, there was no interference. Selective analysis of the dorsalis pedis arteries showed that the number of diagnostic vessels was 62 (62.6%) of 99 for HyPer 3D CE-MRA and 13 (13.1%) of 99 for bolus chase 3D CE-MRA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HyPer 3D CE-MRA is an alternative method for time-resolved high-resolution peripheral CE-MRA in evaluating the trifurcation and feet vessels with no venous contamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Body MRI, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Washington University in St. Louis, Washington University Medical Center, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110-1076, USA. tongdeer@mir.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Ranista
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tongdee
authors.forename: Vamsi R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Narra
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McNeal
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hildebolt
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El-Merhi
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media