title: Ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) 2464G>A polymorphism shows an association with gemcitabine chemosensitivity in cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Significant variability in the efficacy and toxicity of an anticancer drug is observed in cancer patients. Currently, there are no standard tools for prediction of a patient's tumor response or his risk of adverse events to chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigate an association between polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolism-related genes and its chemosensitivity in vitro using 62 human cancer cell lines of various origins. Polymorphisms of gemcitabine metabolism-related genes of deoxycytidine monophosphate deaminase (DCTD), deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) and ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) were evaluated using the CEQ8000 Genetic analysis system and GeneDoc software. Chemosensitivity of gemcitabine was expressed as an IC50 using MTT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the polymorphisms was 21% in DCTD 315T>C, 45.2% in RRM1 1082C>A, 59.7% in RRM1 2455A>G, and 79% in RRM1 2464G>A. When examining the association between these polymorphisms and IC50, only the RRM1 2464G>A showed the tendency to be more chemosensitive to gemcitabine (P=0.011), and haplotypes containing 2464G>A polymorphism also showed the association with chemosensitivity when compared to wild-type RRM1 (G2464G). We could not see the significant differences of mRNA expression level with real-time PCR between cell lines according to G2464A polymorphism. In oligonucleotide microarray 73 GenBank Accession Number (69 genes) were selected which expressed differently between RRM1 wild-type and the G2464A polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RRM1 2464G>A polymorphism demonstrated an association with gemcitabine sensitivity, which needs functional studies with co-expressing genes and prospective clinical studies for the clinical application as a predictive bio-marker.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Metastasis Research Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo Sun
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sun Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Rha
authors.forename: Yeon Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jung Ok
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tae Soo
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hei-Cheul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jeung
authors.forename: Hyun Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D003844:DCMP Deaminase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003842:Deoxycytidine Kinase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C475286:RRM1 protein, human; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D003842:Deoxycytidine Kinase; D003844:DCMP Deaminase; D000093542:Gemcitabine