title: Persistent neurochemical and behavioral abnormalities in adulthood despite early iron supplementation for perinatal iron deficiency anemia in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been associated with altered cognitive, motor, and social-emotional outcomes in human infants. We recently reported that rats with chronic perinatal IDA, had altered regional brain iron, monoamines, and sensorimotor skill emergence during early development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the long-term consequences of chronic perinatal IDA on behavior, brain iron and monoamine systems after dietary iron treatment in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty dams were randomly assigned to iron-sufficient (CN) or low-iron (EID) diets during gestation and lactation. Thereafter, all offspring were fed the iron-sufficient diet, assessed for hematology and behavior after weaning and into adulthood and for brain measures as adults (regional brain iron, monoamines, dopamine and serotonin transporters, and dopamine receptor). Behavioral assessments included sensorimotor function, general activity, response to novelty, spatial alternation, and spatial water maze performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematology and growth were similar for EID and CN rats by postnatal day 35. In adulthood, EID thalamic iron content was lower. Monoamines, dopamine transporter, and dopamine receptor concentrations did not differ from CN. EID serotonin transporter concentration was reduced in striatum and related regions. EID rats had persisting sensorimotor deficits (delayed vibrissae-evoked forelimb placing, longer sticker removal time, and more imperfect grooming chains), were more hesitant in novel settings, and had poorer spatial water maze performance than CN. General activity and spatial alternation were similar for EID and CN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rats that had chronic perinatal IDA showed behavioral impairments that suggest persistent striatal dopamine and hippocampal dysfunction despite normalization of hematology, growth and most brain measures.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA. truefelt@umich.edu
authors.forename: Barbara T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Felt
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schallert
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: J Wayne
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Aldridge
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Georgieff
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lozoff
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D007501:Iron; D004298:Dopamine