title: Morbillivirus nucleoprotein possesses a novel nuclear localization signal and a CRM1-independent nuclear export signal.
abstract: Morbilliviruses, which belong to the Mononegavirales, replicate its RNA genome in the cytoplasm of the host cell. However, they also form characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies, consisting of nucleoprotein (N), in infected cells. To analyze the mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic transport of N protein, we characterized the nuclear localization (NLS) and nuclear export (NES) signals of canine distemper virus (CDV) N protein by deletion mutation and alanine substitution of the protein. The NLS has a novel leucine/isoleucine-rich motif (TGILISIL) at positions 70-77, whereas the NES is composed of a leucine-rich motif (LLRSLTLF) at positions 4-11. The NLS and NES of the N proteins of other morbilliviruses, that is, measles virus (MV) and rinderpest virus (RPV), were also analyzed. The NLS of CDV-N protein is conserved at the same position in MV-N protein, whereas the NES of MV-N protein is located in the C-terminal region. The NES of RPV-N protein is also located at the same position as CDV-N protein, whereas the NLS motif is present not only at the same locus as CDV-N protein but also at other sites. Interestingly, the nuclear export of all these N proteins appears to proceed via a CRM1-independent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Munemitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kai
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D028884:Karyopherins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018103:Morbillivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D014709:Vero Cells; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein
chemical_list: D028884:Karyopherins; D049790:Nuclear Export Signals; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D000097606:Exportin 1 Protein