title: Lowering the threshold for discussions of domestic violence: a randomized controlled trial of computer screening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Women experiencing domestic violence (DV) frequent health care settings, but DV is rarely identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of computer screening on health care provider-patient DV communication at 2 socioeconomically diverse emergency departments (EDs). Consenting nonemergent female patients, aged 18 to 65 years, were randomized to self-administered computer-based health risk assessment, with a prompt for the health care provider, or to "usual care"; all visits were audiotaped. Outcome measures were rates of DV discussion, disclosure, and services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2169 eligible patients, 1281 (59%) consented; 871 (68%) were successfully audiotaped, and 903 (71%) completed an exit questionnaire. Rates of current DV risk on exit questionnaire were 26% in the urban ED and 21% in the suburban ED. In the urban ED, the computer prompt increased rates of DV discussion (147/262 [56%] vs 123/275 [45%]; P = .004), disclosure (37/262 [14%] vs 23/275 [8%]; P = .07), and services provided (21 [8%] vs 10 [4%]; P = .04). Women at the suburban site and those with private insurance or higher education were much less likely to be asked about experiences with abuse. Only 48% of encounters with a health care provider prompt regarding potential DV risk led to discussions. Both inquiries about and disclosures of abuse were associated with higher patient satisfaction with care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer screening for DV increased but did not guarantee that DV would be addressed during ED encounters. Nonetheless, it is likely that low-cost interventions that allow patients the opportunity to self-disclose can be used to improve detection of DV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, University of Chicago, Ill, USA. rhodesk@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Karin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drum
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anliker
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Levinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003201:Computers; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology