title: Selective upregulation of the ADP-ribosyl cyclases CD38 and CD157 by TNF but not by RANK-L reveals differences in downstream signaling.
abstract: In macrophages and osteoclast precursors, the cytokines TNF and RANK-L induce similar downstream pathways and share some of the same adaptor molecules. However, despite these similarities, no defined signaling schematic has emerged to show how each cytokine favors particular pathways. In this report, we investigate whether TNF and RANK-L differentially regulate ADP-ribosyl cyclases-enzymes that are unique in being crucial for immunological function yet detrimental to osteoclastogenesis. TNF but not RANK-L led to the sustained upregulation of both CD38 and CD157 as demonstrated by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Further investigation demonstrated that this upregulation was a result of continuous, direct TNF signaling and involved JNK, and more critically PKC and NF-kappaB. Using this approach allowed us to highlight the relative importance of the PKC, NF-kappaB, and JNK pathways in actualizing proper outcomes of TNF signaling. Albeit speculative, we believe that differences between TNF- and RANK-l-induced activation of downstream signaling pathways, in particular PKC, are crucial for determining whether progenitor cells become geared for immunity or bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Jameel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mone
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C087521:ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1