title: Noise in protein expression scales with natural protein abundance.
abstract: Noise in gene expression is generated at multiple levels, such as transcription and translation, chromatin remodeling and pathway-specific regulation. Studies of individual promoters have suggested different dominating noise sources, raising the question of whether a general trend exists across a large number of genes and conditions. We examined the variation in the expression levels of 43 Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins, in cells grown under 11 experimental conditions. For all classes of genes and under all conditions, the expression variance was approximately proportional to the mean; the same scaling was observed at steady state and during the transient responses to the perturbations. Theoretical analysis suggests that this scaling behavior reflects variability in mRNA copy number, resulting from random 'birth and death' of mRNA molecules or from promoter fluctuations. Deviation of coexpressed genes from this general trend, including high noise in stress-related genes and low noise in proteasomal genes, may indicate fluctuations in pathway-specific regulators or a differential activation pattern of the underlying gene promoters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
authors.forename: Arren
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar-Even
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paulsson
authors.forename: Narendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maheshri
authors.forename: Miri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carmi
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Yitzhak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pilpel
authors.forename: Naama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barkai
mesh_terms: D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins