title: Cost of cardiovascular diseases in the United Kingdom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the economic burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the United Kingdom, including health and non-healthcare costs, and the proportion of total CVD cost due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence-based approach to assess CVD-related costs from a societal perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  All UK residents in 2004 with CVD (International classification of diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes I00-I99) and subgroups with CHD (ICD-10 codes I20-I25) or cerebrovascular disease (ICD-10 codes I60-I69).
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthcare costs were estimated from expenditure on community health and social services, accident and emergency care, hospital care, rehabilitation and drugs. Non-healthcare costs were estimated from data on informal care and from productivity losses arising from morbidity and premature death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVD cost the UK economy 29.1 billion pound in 2004, with CHD and cerebrovascular disease accounting for 29% (8.5 billion pound) and 27% (8.0 billion pound) of the total, respectively. The major cost component of CVD was health care, which accounted for 60% of the cost, followed by productivity losses due to mortality and morbidity, accounting for 23%, with the remaining 17% due to informal care-related costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CVD is a leading public health problem in the UK measured by the economic burden of disease. This study identified the size and main components of that burden, and will help to inform decisions about research priorities and to monitor the impact of policy initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Centre, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. ramon.luengo-fernandez@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luengo-Fernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rayner
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004526:Efficiency; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000639:trends*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000639:trends; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000191:economics; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics