title: The role of the alpha-1 adrenoceptor in modulating human mesangial cell matrix production.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sympathetic nervous system is frequently activated in hypertension and may modify various aspects of renal function. Whether modulation of the sympathetic nervous system directly influences the development of renal fibrosis is yet to be established. The current study investigates the role of the alpha-1 adrenoceptor on human mesangial cell scarring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human mesangial cells were injured with macrophage-conditioned medium (MPCM) and treated with doxazosin for 1 or 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  alpha-1 Adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin of 2 micromol/l reduced fibronectin protein in MPCM-injured female mesangial cells by 31 +/- 1.03% (P < 0.001) and by 9.5 +/- 0.3% (P = 0.01) in male mesangial cells. The differential response between sexes was significant (P = 0.004). alpha-1B Adrenoceptors were detected in human mesangial cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with expression in female cells being 87% higher than in males (P = 0.04). Injury with MPCM reduced alpha-1B adrenoceptor mRNA expression in both cell types. Doxazosin had no effect on the protein levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), however, a small reduction in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels was observed. Doxazosin had no effect on the modulators of matrix turnover matrix metalloproteinases MMP3, MMP9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), although a significant reduction in tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); (36.5 +/- 2.6%, P < 0.001) was observed. Doxazosin caused an up-regulation of kallikrein expression, both at mRNA and protein levels. Co-treatment with the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE140 was able to attenuate the effects of doxazosin treatment on fibronectin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that inhibition of alpha-1B adrenoceptors in mesangial cells exerts an anti-fibrotic effect in a sex-specific manner via modulation of the kallikrein-kinin/plasminogen activator system.
authors.affiliation: John Walls Renal Unit, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK. izap1@le.ac.uk
authors.forename: Izabella Z A
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Pawluczyk
authors.forename: Samita R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Kevin P G
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017292:Doxazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D005353:Fibronectins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; D010656:Phenylephrine; D017292:Doxazosin