title: Breast reconstruction with gluteal artery perforator flaps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several alternatives exist for breast cancer reconstruction with perforator flaps. For those patients in whom the buttock is the best choice as a source for autologous tissue, the IGAP and SGAP flaps are an excellent option. These flaps allow the reliable transfer of skin and soft tissue from the buttock without the associated donor site morbidity of a muscle flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  Most women requiring tissue transfer to the chest from the buttock for breast reconstruction or other reasons are candidates for IGAP or SGAP flaps. Do to an improved donor site contour and scar, we now prefer to use the IGAP to the SGAP flap. Absolute contraindications specific to perforator flap breast reconstruction in our practice include history of previous liposuction of the donor site or active smoking (within 1 month prior to surgery). ANATOMY AND TECHNIQUE: IGAP and SGAP flaps are based on perforators from either the superior or inferior gluteal artery. These perforators are carefully dissected free from the surrounding gluteus maximus muscle, which is spread in the direction of the muscle fibres and safely preserved. The vascular pedicle is anastomosed to recipient vessels in the chest and the donor site closed primarily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGAP and SGAP flaps allow the safe and reliable transfer of tissue from the buttock for breast reconstruction as an alternative to soft tissue transfer from an abdominal donor site or even as a first choice in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 465 Los Angeles, CA 90095-6960, USA.
authors.forename: Jay W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Granzow
authors.forename: Joshua L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Ernest S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D002081:Buttocks / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome