title: Glucose levels in the normal range predict incident diabetes in families with premature coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about excess risk of incident diabetes conferred by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) within the normal range (<5.6 mmol/l) for high risk families.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy 30-59 year old non-diabetic siblings (N = 542) of index cases with documented premature coronary disease were followed prospectively for type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 8.7+/-3 years of follow-up, incident diabetes was identified in 7.8%. Rates were incremental with baseline non-diabetes FPG thresholds of 5.0, 5.6, 6.1, and 6.7 mmol/l (p for trend < 0.0001). FPG was the strongest predictor of incident diabetes even across levels within the normal range. The multivariable adjusted relative risk was 14.9 (95% CI = 3.4-65.2) at FPG thresholds > or =5.0 mmol/l versus FPG <5.0 mmol/l. The maximal diagnostic efficiency for FPG was 5.50 mmol/l; with sensitivity and specificity 0.782. All FPG thresholds in the normal range between 5.0 and 5.6 mmol/l showed efficiency levels >0.74. The overall area under the ROC curve predicting incident diabetes for normal and prediabetes ranges of FPG was 0.867.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher FPG levels within the designated "normal" range in high risk families are a potent independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and may serve as a sentinel to trigger primary preventive interventions.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Stasia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Yanek
authors.forename: Dhananjay
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaidya
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Taryn F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Moy
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Saudek
authors.forename: Lewis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose