title: Three-dimensional reconstruction of single particles in electron microscopy image processing.
abstract: Three-dimensional electron microscopy of single macromolecular assemblies has made large strides forward over the last decade. A large number of image processing techniques have been developed and many have found general distribution. For the proper usage of the wide range of available techniques, a clear concept of all processing steps is essential. This chapter provides step-by-step instruction for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an unknown macromolecule. Where possible, the limitations of the techniques are explained. The chapter attempts to be sufficiently general such so as not to adhere to a single image processing system. Described are alignment techniques for two and three dimensions, classification procedures, and the usage of three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radermacher
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*