title: Biobehavioural reactivity to pain in preterm infants: a marker of neuromotor development.
abstract: In this preliminary study, it was examined whether capacity to react to external stress (acute pain) during neonatal intensive care predicts later neuromotor development at 4 and 8 months corrected chronological age (CCA) in high-risk preterm infants. Behavioural and cardiac reactivity to blood collection at 32 weeks postconceptional age (PCA) were recorded in addition to developmental outcomes at 4 and 8 months CCA in 35 preterm infants (17 males, 18 females) born <or=800 g and/or <or=25 weeks gestational age (GA). Pain reactivity during routine heel lance for blood collection at 32 weeks GA was measured using a composite score derived from the Neonatal Facial Coding System, change in infant sleep/wake state, and spectral analysis of heart rate. Motor development was assessed using the Movement Assessment of Infants scale and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Low biobehavioural pain reactivity at 32 weeks PCA was associated with poorer overall quality of motor function at 8 months CCA, but not at 4 months CCA. It was concluded that pain reactivity before discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit may be a useful marker of neuromotor development in infancy.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Community Child Health Research, Child and Family Research Institute, Canada. rgunau@cw.bc.ca
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Grunau
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Whitfield
authors.forename: Taryn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fay
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holsti
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oberlander
authors.forename: Marilynn L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D003710:Demography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005145:Face / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires