title: Effect of combined treatment with noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitors on conditioned freezing.
abstract: To clarify the therapeutic interaction between serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition on fear, this study examined the acute and subchronic effects of combined treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram and the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor reboxetine on the expression of conditioned fear (re-exposure to an environment paired previously with inescapable electric footshocks). After fear conditioning was achieved with footshocks, the drugs were administered to rats and freezing behavior, as an index of fear, was observed in the shock chamber. Acute and subchronic treatment with citalopram was reproducibly anxiolytic against conditioned freezing. Acute reboxetine worsened conditioned freezing and reversed the acute anxiolytic effects of citalopram, but this anxiogenic effect of noradrenaline reuptake inhibition was not observed after subchronic treatment. These results suggest that adding noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors to serotonin reuptake inhibitors adversely affects fear, at least with acute treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Neural Function, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. tinoue@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitaichi
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077593:Reboxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015283:Citalopram; D009025:Morpholines; D009638:Norepinephrine; D000077593:Reboxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors