title: A novel "four-rod technique" for lumbo-pelvic reconstruction: theory and technical considerations.
abstract: METHODS
  Surgical technique with case example.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report on a novel technique that allows for the placement of 4 separate longitudinal rods across the lumbo-pelvic junction.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation, lumbo-pelvic fixation remains a significant challenge. Fusions to the pelvis create long lever arms and generate high forces across the lumbosacral junction, resulting in high rates of screw pullout and implant fracture. In the attempt to achieve better bony fixation, techniques described include the use of bone cement, hydroxyapatite, and expandable screws. Although this process has decreased the incidence of screw pullout, it has not addressed the problem of rod fracture at the lumbo-pelvic junction.
  
  
  METHODS
  There are 4 separate longitudinal rods placed across the lumbo-pelvic junction that couples proximal lumbar screw anchors to 4 separate pelvic fixation points. Proximal lumbar fixation anchors are based on alternating Roy-Camille "straight ahead" screws and Magerl "lateral to medial converging" pedicle screws. There are 4 distal pelvic fixation anchors used based on 1 pair of Galveston-like screws and 1 pair of proximal iliac wing screws.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early results of both ex vivo and in vivo reconstruction show that careful insertion of the lumbar and pelvic screws allows for divergent placement of the pedicle screw heads in a manner that 2 longitudinal rods can be placed per side, resulting in a total of 4 longitudinal rods across the lumbo-pelvic junction. Selection of cross-links in various combinations allows for additional axial and torsional stability, depending on the desired reconstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer follow-up is necessary, and biomechanical and finite element studies are needed to show long-term efficacy of this technique, however, early results indicate that such a construct is feasible. Furthermore, depending on the general medical condition of the patient, immediate postoperative weight bearing is possible and reasonable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. fhs2g@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Francis H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arlet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D002817:Chordoma / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012447:Sacrum / Q000601:surgery*; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed