title: Recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone alters maternal ovarian hormone concentrations and the uterus and perturbs fetal development in mice.
abstract: Gonadotropins are routinely administered to produce multiple oocytes for clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment, laboratory research, and livestock industries. Studies in mice have shown gonadotropin stimulation using equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) affects the endometrium, implantation, and fetal development. Evidence from clinical studies also indicates that stimulation with recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH) may be detrimental to the endometrium and implantation rates. We investigated the effect of rhFSH in mice on maternal plasma hormone concentrations and uterine gene and protein expression and the effect of a stimulated maternal environment on pregnancy. Adult females were stimulated with rhFSH or eCG, followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). On day 4 of pseudopregnancy, mice either had embryos transferred to the uterus or were killed, and blood and uterine samples were collected. Pregnancy outcomes were examined on day 15. Gonadotropin stimulation increased plasma progesterone concentrations on day 4 compared with controls, whereas estradiol concentrations were unaffected. Stimulation also reduced uterine leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) mRNA, but the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (Esr1 and Pgr), homeobox gene Hoxa10, and Vegf mRNA were unchanged. Furthermore, distribution of uterine PGR protein expression was altered by stimulation, but LIF protein was unchanged. Stimulated embryo transfer recipients had lower pregnancy rates than controls, and fetuses from the rhFSH group had reduced weight, length, and maturity. These results demonstrate that gonadotropin stimulation with rhFSH or eCG alters the preimplantation maternal environment, which results in reduced pregnancy rates and fetal development in the mouse.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. rebecca.kelley@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kind
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Robker
authors.forename: Jeremy G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone