title: Outcome following patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants: a retrospective cohort analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an important problem in premature infants. Surgical PDA ligation is usually only be considered when medical treatment has either failed or was contraindicated. The aims of our study were to determine the mortality and morbidity following patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants, and whether prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (PSI) use prior to ligation affects outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case note review study to determine the outcome of premature infants undergoing patent ductus arteriosus ligation in one tertiary neonatal intensive care unit and two paediatric cardiothoracic centres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We had follow-up data on 87 infants. Cumulative mortality rates at 7 days, 30 days and at hospital discharge were 2%, 8% and 20% respectively. The incidence of chronic lung disease, intraventricular haemorrhage, necrotising enterocolitis and retinopathy of prematurity were 77%, 39%, 26% and 28% respectively. There was no difference in mortality, incidence of chronic lung disease or duration of oxygen dependence between those who had and those who had not received a PSI prior to surgical ligation. In those who had received 2 or more courses of PSI prior to surgical ligation, there was a trend to increase in the duration of oxygen therapy and chronic lung disease, but no difference in mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that patent ductus arteriosus ligation is a relatively safe procedure (30 day survival 92%) but there is substantial late mortality and a high incidence of morbidity in the survivors. 2 or more courses of PSI prior to surgical ligation trends to increased oxygen dependence and chronic lung disease. This high risk population requires careful follow-up. A definitive prospective cohort study is lacking.
authors.affiliation: NICU Box 226, Addenbrookes NHS Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK. lleonalee@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lleona C L
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tillett
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tulloh
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Wilf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kelsall
mesh_terms: D013504:Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008026:Ligation; D009017:Morbidity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors