title: Nursing intervention and smoking cessation: meta-analysis update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to determine through meta-analysis the effects of nursing-delivered smoking-cessation interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four studies met inclusion criteria in this updated meta-analysis. Twenty-six studies compared a nursing intervention with a control or usual care group of adults and found interventions of high and low intensity to modestly increase the odds of quitting (1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.22-1.51). The study results demonstrated heterogeneity; using a random effects model did not make a difference. There was evidence that interventions were most effective for hospital inpatients with cardiovascular disease than for patients with other conditions (odds ratio 2.14, confidence interval 1.39-3.31). Interventions in nonhospitalized adults were beneficial as well; no effect was found for additive intervention components. Counseling during health-screening programs or as part of multifactorial secondary preventions programs was found to be the least effective. The challenge will be to incorporate smoking-cessation interventions into evidence-based nursing practice.
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University College of Nursing and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Virginia Hill
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009732:Nursing Care; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome