title: The -308 tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism predicts therapeutic response to TNFalpha-blockers in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the G-to-A polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) gene influences the therapeutic response to TNFalpha-blockers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 54 patients with RA, 10 with PsA and 22 with AS were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction for the -308 TNFalpha promoter polymorphism. They were treated with infliximab (n = 63), adalimumab (n = 10) or etanercept (n = 13). Clinical response was assessed after 24 weeks by the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) for RA and PsA, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index (BASDAI) for AS patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients with the A/A genotype (n = 3, all RA) and two patients with the A/G genotype (AS) failed to respond to anti-TNF treatment. Irrespective of the underlying disease, moderate response (n = 44) was predominantly associated with the A/G genotype (A/G 18/22, G/G 4/22), whereas good response (n = 59) was exclusively seen in patients with the G/G genotype. The average improvement in the DAS28 score was 0.83 in the A/A, 1.50 in the A/G and 2.64 in the G/G group of RA and PsA patients (P < 0.0001). The BASDAI score in AS improved on average by 1.21 in the A/G and by 3.30 in the G/G group (P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that humans with a TNFalpha -308 G/G genotype are better responders to anti-TNFalpha treatment than those with A/A or A/G genotypes independent of the treated rheumatic disease (RA, PsA or AS).
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland. michael.seitz@insel.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wirthmüller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Villiger
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068879:Adalimumab; D000068800:Etanercept