title: Alterations of seminal and hormonal parameters: An extrahepatic manifestation of HCV infection?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible influences of HCV infection and relative antiviral treatment on seminal parameters and reproductive hormonal serum levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis and 16 healthy male volunteers were studied. In all subjects seminal parameters (nemaspermic concentration, progressive motility, morphology) and hormonal levels were determined. Seminal parameters and inhibin B, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total and free testosterone, estradiol, prolactine in patients were measured after six and twelve months of antiviral combined (interferon+ribavirin) treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients before treatment showed a significantly lower nemaspermic motility and morphology as well as lower inhibin B and free testosterone levels than controls. Inhibin B levels in cases were improved six and 12 mo after treatment in five responders (161.9+/-52.8 pg/mL versus 101.7+/-47.0 pg/mL and 143.4+/-46.1 pg/mL versus 95.4+/-55.6 pg/mL, respectively). Hormonal pattern of patients did not significantly change after treatment, with the exception of estradiol levels with an initial reduction and an overall subsequent increment (19.7+/-6.4 pg/mL versus 13.6+/-5.0 pg/mL versus 17.3+/-5.7 pg/mL). However in 1-year responders a significant increment of free testosterone (14.2+/-2.54 pg/mL versus 17.1+/-2.58 pg/mL) occurred. An impairment of nemaspermic morphology occurred, while other seminal parameters did not change significantly during antiviral treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with HCV infection show worse spermatic parameters than controls, suggesting a possible negative influence of virus on spermatogenesis, with further mild impairment during antiviral treatment. However therapy could improve the spermatic function, as suggested by the increased inhibin B levels and improved hormonal pattern in responders. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary intriguing results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Corso A.M.Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy. marilena.durazzo@unito.it
authors.forename: Marilena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durazzo
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Premoli
authors.forename: Cataldo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Bisceglie
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertagna
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Faga
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biroli
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manieri
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D016174:Hepacivirus; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000821:virology; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; C422364:inhibin B; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007265:Inhibins; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone