title: Early parental and child predictors of recurrent abdominal pain at school age: results of a large population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether parental psychological and physical factors and child factors measured in the first year of life were associated with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children at age 6(3/4) years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal cohort study (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), followed 8,272 children from pregnancy to age 6(3/4) years. Parental reports of child and parent functioning were gathered. Associations between parental and child functioning assessed at 6 to 8 months postpartum, and RAP measured at age 6(3/4) years were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of RAP in this sample was 11.8%. Both maternal anxiety (adjusted odds ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval 1.24-1.89) and paternal anxiety (adjusted odds ratio = 1.38; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.71) in the first year of a child's life were associated with later childhood RAP. Parent reports of child temperament features such as irregular feeding and sleeping were also associated with later RAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first evidence from a prospective study that anxiety in both mothers and fathers and child temperament features predate the occurrence of RAP in children. These findings highlight the potential importance of addressing parental anxiety in families in which children present with RAP, although some caution should be exercised in their interpretation because of possible reporting bias.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ramchandani and Dr. Stein are with the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Dr. Hotopf is with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London; and Dr. Wiles is with the Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study team is based at University of Bristol. Electronic address: paul.ramchandani@psych.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Ramchandani
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ramchandani and Dr. Stein are with the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Dr. Hotopf is with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London; and Dr. Wiles is with the Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study team is based at University of Bristol.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ramchandani and Dr. Stein are with the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Dr. Hotopf is with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London; and Dr. Wiles is with the Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study team is based at University of Bristol.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotopf
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ramchandani and Dr. Stein are with the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Dr. Hotopf is with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London; and Dr. Wiles is with the Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study team is based at University of Bristol.
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Wiles
authors.affiliation: Dr. Ramchandani and Dr. Stein are with the Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Dr. Hotopf is with the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London; and Dr. Wiles is with the Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) study team is based at University of Bristol.
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013694:Temperament; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology