The role of post-remission chemotherapy for older patients with acute myelogenous leukemia.
Standard practice in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by post-remission chemotherapy (PRT). We previously reported a median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients in complete remission (CR) of 7.5 and 13.5 months, respectively, in 30 older patients treated with standard ICT and PRT (study A). We designed a subsequent trial excluding PRT (study B). Forty patients with AML age > or =60 years were treated with ICT consisting of standard dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone followed with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor subcutaneously starting day 11 if the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy was hypocellular. Median age was 68 years. Myelodysplasia preceded AML in 37% of patients. Favourable, normal, and unfavourable karyotypes were seen in 7.5%, 55%, and 37.5% of patients, respectively. Twenty-one patients (52.5%) achieved CR. Median DFS and OS for patients in CR were 6.2 and 10.8 months, respectively. Study A and B differed by the addition of PRT in study A. However, DFS and OS did not differ significantly between patients treated in study A or study B (P = 0.21 and P = 0.15, respectively). PRT has not clearly improved survival in older patients with AML, and therefore the routine addition of chemotherapy to older patients in complete remission is not indicated.
Abou-Jawde
Rony M
RM
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Sobecks
Ronald
R
Pohlman
Brad
B
Rybicki
Lisa
L
Advani
Anjali
A
Sekeres
Mikkael
M
Kalaycio
Matt
M
D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001706:Biopsy; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D003561:Cytarabine; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008942:Mitoxantrone