title: Apnea patients show a frontopolar inter-hemispheric spindle frequency difference.
abstract: Sleep apnea syndrome is known to disturb sleep. The purpose of the present work was to study spindle frequency in apnea patients. All-night sleep EEG recordings of 15 apnea patients and 15 control subjects with median ages of 47 and 46 years, respectively, were studied. A previously presented and validated multi-channel spindle analysis method was applied for automatic detection and frequency analysis of bilateral frontopolar and central spindles. Bilateral frontopolar spindles of apnea patients were found to show lower frequencies on the left hemisphere than on the right. Such an inter-hemispheric spindle frequency difference in apnea patients is a novel finding. It could be that the hypoxias and hypercapnias caused by apneic episodes result in local disruption in the regulation of sleep in the frontal lobes.
authors.affiliation: Signal Processing Laboratory, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 1, FIN-33101, Tampere, Finland. eero.huupponen@tut.fi
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huupponen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saastamoinen
authors.forename: Veera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eskelinen
authors.forename: Alpo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Värri
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Sari-Leena
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Himanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001049:Apnea / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep