title: Characteristics of multiple primary malignancies associated with lung cancer by gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are gender differences in multiple primary malignancies associated with lung cancer (MPMLC) in terms of clinical characteristics. However, the importance of these differences in the management of patients has not been clarified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Differences in characteristics affected by gender were investigated in MPMLC to identify factors important for the proper management of the patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed between 82 male and 34 female patients with MPMLC treated from August 1982 to March 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, the numbers of smokers or ex-smokers, smoking-related cancer and synchronous multiple primary malignancies were significantly increased in males with MPMLC (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). In multivariate analysis, synchronous multiple primary malignancies and the number of smokers or ex-smokers were significantly different between male and female MPMLC. Gastric, lung and colon cancers were major constituents in male MPMLC, and 40.2% of all malignancies were smoking-related cancers. On the other hand, breast and uterine cancers were major constituents in female MPMLC, and only 20.6% of all MPMLC were smoking-related cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male patients with MPMLC demonstrated significant smoking history and synchronous multiple primary malignancies, indicating the need for different approaches to properly manage and follow up male versus female MPMLC patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Nippon Medical School, Kanagawa, Japan. shuji@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hioki
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisayoshi
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Kyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubokura
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology