title: Flow visualization and acoustic consequences of the air moving through a static model of the human larynx.
abstract: Flow visualization with smoke particles illuminated by a laser sheet was used to obtain a qualitative description of the air flow structures through a dynamically similar 7.5x symmetric static scale model of the human larynx (divergence angle of 10 deg, minimal diameter of 0.04 cm real life). The acoustic level downstream of the vocal folds was measured by using a condenser microphone. False vocal folds (FVFs) were included. In general, the glottal flow was laminar and bistable. The glottal jet curvature increased with flow rate and decreased with the presence of the FVFs. The glottal exit flow for the lowest flow rate showed a curved jet which remained laminar for all geometries. For the higher flow rates, the jet flow patterns exiting the glottis showed a laminar jet core, transitioning to vortical structures, and leading spatially to turbulent dissipation. This structure was shortened and tightened with an increase in flow rate. The narrow FVF gap lengthened the flow structure and reduced jet curvature via acceleration of the flow. These results suggest that laryngeal flow resistance and the complex jet flow structure exiting the glottis are highly affected by flow rate and the presence of the false vocal folds. Acoustic consequences are discussed in terms of the quadrupole- and dipole-type sound sources due to ordered flow structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0528, USA.
authors.forename: Bogdan R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kucinschi
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.forename: Terry T M
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000392:Air Movements; D000399:Air Pressure; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*