Mechanism of the palladium-catalyzed homocoupling of arylboronic acids: key involvement of a palladium peroxo complex.
The mechanism of the palladium-catalyzed homocoupling of arylboronic acids ArB(OH)(2) (Ar = 4-Z-C(6)H(4) with Z = MeO, H, CN) in the presence of dioxygen, leading to symmetrical biaryls, has been fully elucidated. The peroxo complex (eta(2)-O(2))PdL(2) (L = PPh(3)), generated in the reaction of dioxygen with the Pd(0) catalyst, was found to play a crucial role. Indeed, it reacts with the arylboronic acid to generate an adduct (coordination of one oxygen atom of the peroxo complex to the oxophilic boron atom of the arylboronic acid) characterized by (31)P NMR spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. This adduct reacts with a second molecule of arylboronic acid to generate trans-ArPd(OH)L(2) complexes. A transmetalation by the arylboronic acid gives trans-ArPdArL(2) complexes. The biaryl is then released in a reductive elimination. This reaction is at the origin of the formation of biaryls as byproducts in palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura reactions when they are not conducted under oxygen-free atmosphere.
Adamo
Carlo
C
Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 7575, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 5, France.
Amatore
Christian
C
Ciofini
Ilaria
I
Jutand
Anny
A
Lakmini
Hakim
H