title: An operant determination of the behavioral mechanism of benzodiazepine enhancement of food intake.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent review paper by Cooper (Appetite 44:133-150, 2005) has pointed out that a role for benzodiazepines as appetite stimulants has been largely overlooked. Cooper's review cited several studies that suggested the putative mechanism of enhancement of food intake after benzodiazepine administration might involve increasing the perceived pleasantness of food (palatability).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the behavioral mechanism of increased food intake after benzodiazepine administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cyclic-ratio operant schedule has been proposed as a useful behavioral assay for differentiating palatability from regulatory effects on food intake (Ettinger and Staddon, Physiol Behav 29:455-458, 1982 and Behav Neurosci 97:639-653, 1983). The current study employed the cyclic-ratio schedule to determine whether the effects on food intake of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) (5.0 mg/kg), sodium pentobarbital (5.0 mg/kg), and picrotoxin (1.0 mg/kg) were mediated through palatability or regulatory processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study show that both the benzodiazepine CDP and the barbiturate sodium pentobarbital increased food intake in a manner similar to increasing the palatability of the ingestant, and picrotoxin decreased food intake in a manner similar to decreasing the palatability of the ingestant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the food intake enhancement properties of benzodiazepines are mediated through a mechanism affecting perceived palatability.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ulster, Shore Road, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK. e.ohare@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Hare
authors.forename: E-M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tierney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide; D010424:Pentobarbital; D010852:Picrotoxin