title: Increase in circulating bone marrow progenitor cells after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most circulating blood cells expressing the marker CD34 are bone marrow progenitor cells. These cells differentiate into cardiomyocytes, endothelial and smooth muscle cells after myocardial infarction in vivo. Mobilization of bone marrow progenitor cells into the peripheral blood after myocardial infarction may supply these cells to the heart. Rise in CD34+ cell concentrations following myocardial infarction would support the existence of myocardial-initiated mobilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial measurements of circulating CD34+ cells were made in 42 consecutive patients presenting with first ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Measurement of serum concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, stromal derived factor-1, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-17 and thrombopoietin was also performed. Samples were drawn on day 1 after myocardial infarction, and on days 4, 8 and 12. Levels of CD34+ cells and cytokines were also measured in 15 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By day 8, the mean concentration of CD34+ cells rose by 74% above mean control level of 2527 cells/ml, and 41% above day 1 mean (P=0.02). This rise was sustained on day 12 (P=0.05). On day 1, there was a 9.3-fold rise in hepatocyte growth factor above the control level of 589 pg/ml (P=0.002). Hepatocyte growth factor levels declined from the day 1 mean of 6061 to 1485 pg/ml on day 12 (P=0.002). No significant change in stromal derived factor-1, interleukin-17, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and thrombopoietin was observed. Elevations in CD34+ cells and hepatocyte growth factor were not related to infarction size as estimated on echocardiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevation in the concentration of circulating CD34+ cells after myocardial infarction suggests that myocardial initiated bone marrow progenitor cell mobilization exists in humans. The cytokines studied in our protocol are not likely to play a direct role in bone marrow progenitor cell mobilization.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. dspevack@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spevack
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavaleri
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zolotarev
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liebes
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inghirami
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tunick
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kronzon
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013926:Thrombopoietin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; D020381:Interleukin-17; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D013926:Thrombopoietin