title: Clinical results of intracoronary brachytherapy (ICBT) for multiple in-stent restenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone is often followed by early re-restenosis. The present study focused on the effect of intracoronary brachytherapy (ICBT) on multiple in-stent restenosis (MISR) after repeated PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 patients (27 male, 13 female, age: 66 +/- 9 years) with MISR (two to six ISRs, median three ISRs) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated by using the Novoste((R)) Beta-Cathtrade mark 3.5F System after PCI. The target vessel received 18.4-25.3 Gy of radiation at a depth of 2 mm from the center of the source. The restenosis-free survival and overall survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis (log-rank). The time interval between last PCI without ICBT and the consecutive recurrence was compared with the follow-up time after PCI with ICBT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-year overall survival rate after ICBT was 93%. The 0.5-, 1-, 2-, and 3-year ISR-free survival rates after PCI + ICBT were 81%, 72%, 52%, and 38%, respectively. After PCI alone, the 0.5-, 1-, and 2-year ISR-free survival rates were 30%, 13%, and 0%, respectively. This difference was highly significant (p < 0.0001). Patients with more than three ISRs before ICBT had a better outcome (3-year ISR-free survival: 80%) than patients with only two or three ISRs before ICBT (3-year ISR-free survival: 25%; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICBT is highly effective and safe in patients with ISR. The results of this study are in accordance with the WRIST and BETA-WRIST data. After 6 months both studies revealed an ISR-free survival rate of 86% (WRIST) and 66% (BETA-WRIST), respectively. The ISR rates in the own control group (70%) were comparable to the placebo groups in WRIST (68%) and BETA-WRIST (72%). Interestingly, patients with more than three ISRs before ICBT had the lowest ISR rate after ICBT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany. Peter.Stadler@web.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaber
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Putnik
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treutwein
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koelbl
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Muders
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome