title: Preventable deaths in patients admitted from emergency department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is limited data about how appropriate medical care is in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the rate and types of preventable deaths among patients with early mortality after emergency admission from the ED.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed charts of early mortality (defined as mortality which occurred within 24 hours after admission from the ED) over a 3 year period. Those patients with terminal cancer or out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) at presentation were excluded. Two independent assessors reviewed each eligible chart and determined whether early mortality was preventable. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion between the investigators. A mortality event was considered preventable if actions or missed actions were identified that would have prevented the death. The types of preventability were categorised as misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, and inappropriate medical management. Interrater reliability in the initial determination was assessed using Cohen kappa statistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 3 year period, 210 early mortality cases were identified. Excluding patients with terminal cancer or OHCA, the rate of preventable deaths was 25.8% (32/124). The types of preventability were inappropriate medical management (17 patients), delayed diagnosis (eight), and misdiagnosis (seven). There was good agreement between assessors with a Cohen kappa statistic of 0.81.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preventable deaths in emergency admitted patients with early mortality are not uncommon. Analysis and identification of preventability early mortality by using a chart based method may be used as a quality assurance index in emergency medical care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P C-I
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Z-S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology