title: Recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a review of natural history and management options.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, with a grim prognosis despite maximal treatment. Advancements in the past decades have not significantly increased the overall survival of patients with this disease. The recurrence of GBM is inevitable, its management often unclear and case dependent. In this report, the authors summarize the current literature regarding the natural history, surveillance algorithms, and treatment options of recurrent GBM. Furthermore, they provide brief discussions regarding current novel efforts in basic and clinical research. They conclude that although recurrent GBM remains a fatal disease, the literature suggests that a subset of patients may benefit from maximal treatment efforts. Nevertheless, further research effort in all aspects of GBM diagnosis and treatment remains essential to improve the overall prognosis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5327, USA.
authors.forename: Lewis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veeravagu
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Victor C K
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Tse
mesh_terms: D024221:Antineoplastic Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000639:trends; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends