title: Do work-related physical factors predict neck and upper limb symptoms in office workers?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the influence of physical exposure at work on neck and upper limb symptoms in office workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from a prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 3 years. Independent variables were physical exposure at work, observed and self-reported. Outcome measures were neck-shoulder symptoms and elbow-wrist-hand symptoms. Data were analyzed with the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method, with adjustment for age, gender, psychosocial work characteristics and the outcome at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neck rotation was associated with neck-shoulder symptoms in the analyses with observed data (OR: 1.57; CI: 0.99-2.50) as well as those with self-reported data (OR: 1.43; CI: 1.02-2.01). Neck extension was also statistically significantly associated with neck-shoulder symptoms (OR: 2.42; CI: 1.22-4.80), but only self-reported data were available. Neck flexion, self-reported wrist pronation, self-reported arm elevation and self-reported duration of computer work, were not associated with symptoms. An indication was found of an adverse effect on neck-shoulder symptoms of long working days and on elbow-wrist-hand symptoms of self-reported wrist flexion and full-time work or longer compared to part-time work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only a limited number of work-related physical factors were related to neck and upper limb symptoms in office workers. Only neck rotation and self-reported neck extension were identified as risk factors for neck-shoulder symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Work and Employment, TNO Quality of Life, P.O. Box 718, 2130 AS, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. S.vdHeuvel@arbeid.tno.nl
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van der Beek
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Blatter
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bongers
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009333:Neck / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016272:Occupational Health; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014741:Video Recording