title: Bacteroides species produce Vibrio harveyi autoinducer 2-related molecules.
abstract: Quorum sensing is a density-dependent gene regulation mechanism that has been described in many bacterial species in the last decades. Bacteria that use quorum sensing as part of their gene regulation circuits produce molecules called autoinducers that accumulate in the environment and activate target genes in a quorum-dependent way. Some specific clues led us to hypothesize that Bacteroides species can produce autoinducers and possess a quorum sensing system. First, Bacteroides are anaerobic bacteria that are frequently involved in polymicrobial infections. These infections often involve Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, two of the best understood examples of bacteria that employ quorum sensing systems as part of their pathogenesis. Also, studies have detected the presence of a quorum sensing gene involved in the production of autoinducers in Porphyromonas gingivalis, a species closely related to the Bacteroides genus. These and other evidences prompted us to investigate if Bacteroides strains could produce autoinducer molecules that could be detected by a Vibrio harveyi reporter system. In this paper, we show that supernatants of B. fragilis, B. vulgatus and B. distasonis strains are able to stimulate the V. harveyi quorum sensing system 2. Also, we were able to demonstrate that the stimulation detected is due to the production of autoinducer molecules and not the growth of reporter strains after addition of supernatant. Moreover, the phenomenon observed does not seem to represent the degradation of repressors possibly present in the culture medium used. We could also amplify bands from some of the strains tested using primers designed to the luxS gene of Escherichia coli. Altogether, our results show that B. fragilis, B. vulgatus and B. distasonis (but possibly some other species) can produce V. harveyi autoinducer 2-related molecules. However, the role of such molecules in the biology of these organisms remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-590, RJ-Brasil. luiscaetano-antunes@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Luis Caetano Martha
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: Lívia Queiroz
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Eliane Oliveira
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Karla Rodrigues
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Kátia Eliane Santos
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Avelar
authors.forename: Regina Maria Cavalcanti Pilotto
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Domingues
authors.forename: Maria Candida de Souza
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreira