title: Successful ovulation in plasminogen-deficient mice treated with the broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor galardin.
abstract: Many studies have suggested the hypothesis that the plasminogen activator (PA) system and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) system, either separately or in combination, may provide the proteolytic activity that is required for rupture of the follicular wall at the time of ovulation. Our recent studies on ovulation in plasminogen (plg)-deficient mice have, however, shown that plasmin is not required for normal ovulation, leading us to the hypothesis that MMPs may be a more important source of proteolysis for this process. To investigate the role of MMPs and also the possibility of a functional overlap or synergy between the MMP and PA systems during ovulation, we have studied ovulation efficiency in wild-type and plg-deficient mice treated with the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor galardin. We found that in both wild-type mice and heterozygous plg-deficient (plg+/-) mice that had been treated with galardin prior to ovulation, there was a mild (18-20%) reduction in ovulation efficiency. Surprisingly, galardin treatment of plg-deficient (plg-/-) mice only caused an additional 14% reduction in ovulation efficiency as compared to vehicle-treated plg-/- mice. Our data therefore suggest that although MMPs may play a role in degradation of the follicular wall, they may not be obligatory for ovulation. In contrast to previous studies on tissue remodeling during wound healing and placental development, we have demonstrated that there is no obvious functional overlap or synergy between the PA and MMP systems, which has previously been thought to be essential for the ovulatory process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wahlberg
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonardsson
authors.forename: Anna-Carin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hägglund
authors.forename: Annelii
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ny
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bodén
authors.forename: Carin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wibom
authors.forename: Leif R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Tor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000172:deficiency*; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; C078131:N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide; D010958:Plasminogen; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases