title: Construction and validation of a bone marrow tissue microarray.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of tissue microarrays (TMAs) is now a generally accepted method for the investigation of solid tumours. However, little is known about the applicability of the TMA technique for analysis of patients with acute leukaemia. A bone marrow (BM)-TMA analysis with 15 different immunohistochemical markers was performed. The TMA was validated by comparison with the corresponding full tissue sections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A BM-TMA comprising 148 cases of acute leukaemia, including 115 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and 33 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases, was constructed. Expression of CD3, CD10, CD15, CD20, CD34, CD61, CD68, CD79a, CD99, CD117, CD138, myeloperoxidase, haemoglobin A1, glycophorin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase was immunohistochemically analysed. 50 cases of the TMA were directly compared with the corresponding full tissue section to validate the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphologically and immunohistochemically, 6 (4%) of 148 cases and 765 (11%) cores of 6912 individual analyses were not evaluable. A direct comparison of TMA cases with conventional full sections showed a concordance of the results of 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small size of bone-marrow biopsies and the presence of bony trabeculae do not preclude construction and analysis of acute leukaemia TMAs. Acute leukaemia cases on TMA displayed the characteristic phenotypic profiles expected in different AML and ALL subtypes. Therefore, the TMA technique is also a promising method for high-throughput analysis of combined marker expression and clinicopathological correlations in patients with leukaemia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimpfer
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schönberg
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugli
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostinelli
authors.forename: Stefano A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Pileri
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Went
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dirnhofer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods; D007223:Infant; D007938:Leukemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins