title: Co-occurrence and comorbidities in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders: an exploration using US healthcare claims data, 2001-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Research in immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) suggests that several diseases share disruptions in key cytokines. A common pathogenesis may present as similar patterns of disease co-occurrence and comorbidity, which could be observed through the analysis of healthcare claims datasets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients continuously enrolled from 2001-2002 were identified in two US healthcare datasets containing medical and drug claims from health plans and self-insured employers. Patients with treatment records indicating an IMID were selected (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease); controls for each disorder were matched 3:1 based on age, gender, region, and previous insurance coverage. IMID cohorts and comorbidities were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision codes. Prevalence relative risk was used to assess co-occurrence and comorbidity rates in IMID cohorts and controls. Medical and drug utilization patterns were also explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings were similar across the two datasets. IMID patients represented about 4% of the population; specific IMID prevalence matched the epidemiology literature. Patients with at least one IMID had a higher risk for another IMID when compared to controls. The risk for infectious, renal, liver, and ulcerative comorbidities was also elevated. Selected drug utilization patterns confirmed comorbidity findings. IMID patients used more healthcare resources compared to controls; findings were robust under sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMID patients were generally more likely than controls to have another IMID, supporting the concept that the diseases are related. These patients also had higher comorbidity rates. Findings may be limited by the nature of claims datasets and the confounding effect of current treatments. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether IMIDs have a common pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: MSPH, Centocor, Inc., Malvern, PA, USA. drobins4@cntus.jnj.com
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Alexa B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D007345:Insurance Claim Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology