title: Peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients who failed previous interferon therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of patients with chronic hepatitis C who have relapsed or failed to respond to interferon based therapies is an important issue facing hepatologists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin in this population by conducting a multicentre open label study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from adults with detectable serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA who had not responded or had relapsed after previous conventional interferon or conventional interferon/ribavirin combination therapy were analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were retreated with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) 180 microg/week plus ribavirin 800 mg/day for 24 or 48 weeks at the investigators' discretion. The study was conceived before the optimal dose of ribavirin (1000/1200 mg/day) for patients with genotype 1 was known. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR), defined as undetectable HCV RNA (<50 IU/ml) after 24 weeks of follow up. The analysis was conducted by intention to treat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 312 patients (212 non-responders, 100 relapsers) were included. Of these, 28 patients were treated for 24 weeks and 284 for 48 weeks. Baseline characteristics between non-responders and relapsers were similar although more non-responders had genotype 1 infection (87% v 69%). Overall SVR rates were 23% (48/212) for non-responders and 41% (41/100) for relapsers. When data were analysed by genotype, SVR rates were 24% (61/253) in genotype 1 and 47% (28/59) in genotype 2/3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results in a large patient cohort demonstrate that it is possible to cure a proportion of previous non-responders and relapsers by retreating with peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) plus ribavirin.
authors.affiliation: Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2C4 Canada. morris.sherman@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deschenes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krajden
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Peltekian
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaita
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simonyi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balshaw
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a