title: Bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in reconstructing full thickness defects of cheek: a review of 47 cases.
abstract: We present a series of reconstruction of 47 patients with large full thickness cheek defects secondary to cancer ablative surgery. All patients were reconstructed primarily by bipaddle pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 85 years (mean 49.5 years). All patients were male. The size of the paddle used for mucosal defect repair ranged from 5 x 3 to 9 x 7 cm and the size of the paddle used for skin cover ranged from 4 x 4 to 9 x 8 cm. The total flap size ranged from 10 x 5 to 17 x 7 cm. One patient had complete loss of flap (2.12%). Sixteen patients had minor complications all of which settled with conservative management. The follow up period varied from 1 month to 4 years. The modification adopted in bipaddling the flap was based on anatomical location of perforators to ensure good blood supply to both paddles of flap. Placing the flap horizontally with inclusion of nipple and areola increased the reach and size of available flap. We found the technique to be anatomically sound, technically easy and reliable. Precautions taken included proper assessment of reach of the paddle, placing not more than one-third of the paddle outside the muscle and securing the skin paddle to the muscle to avoid shearing of perforators during flap raising. We conclude that this technique is a useful alternative where microsurgical free tissue transfer is not possible or as a salvage procedure in selected large full thickness oral cavity lesions. However, the disadvantages of this method include loss of nipple and areola and technical difficulty in obese patients and females.
authors.affiliation: Plastic, Reconstructive and Microsurgical Services, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India. quazighazwan@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Quazi Ghazwan
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navadgi
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Harsh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanhere
authors.forename: Kanti P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002610:Cheek / Q000601:surgery*; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D016896:Treatment Outcome