title: The factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ): a scaled version for general practice in Spain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg and Hillier in 1979 is constructed on the basis of a principal components analysis of the GHQ-60. When used on a Spanish population, a translation of the GHQ-28 developed for an English population may lead to worse predictive values.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used our Spanish sample to replicate the entire process of construction of the GHQ-28 administered in a primary-care setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two shorter versions were proposed: one with six scales and 30 items, and the other with four scales and 28 items.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The resulting GHQ-28 was a successful adaptation for use on the Spanish sample. When compared with the original version, only 21 items were the same. Moreover, contrary to the English version, which groups sleep problems and anxiety in the same scale, a scale with items related exclusively to 'Sleep disturbances' was found.
authors.affiliation: Acute Inpatient Psychiatric Unit, Hospital R. Lafora, Madrid, Spain. candrader@medynet.com
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andrade-Rosa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González-Parra
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blasco-Fontecilla
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Real
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pintor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating