title: Validity of an alternative anthropometric trait as cardiovascular diseases risk factor: example from individuals with traumatic lower extremity amputation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Published studies reveal that individuals with lower extremity amputation are vulnerable to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) because of poor physical activity level. Many cardiovascular risk assessment studies have utilized anthropometric traits (primarily body mass index and waist circumference) as cardiovascular risk factor. However, some studies emphasized the technical limitations of measuring waist circumference for studying cardiovascular risk, and so it is difficult to obtain correct measurement from the individuals with lower extremity amputation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the present article are to study the prevalence of CVD risk factors among the individuals with traumatic lower extremity amputation and to test the validity of upper arm circumference (UAC) as an alternative anthropometric measurement for screening the CVD risk condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric data and other cardiovascular traits data have been collected from unilateral traumatic lower extremity amputated adult males (n = 85) residing in Calcutta and adjoining areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results show higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factor among individuals with above-knee amputation than below-knee amputation. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis shows significant ability of upper arm circumference to diagnose cardiovascular risk condition. The cutoff value of UAC > 26.6 cm show maximum sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of cardiovascular risk condition. Although, binomial tests for equality of proportion does not show any significant difference, however, agreement statistics reveal better diagnostic ability of cutoff value of UAC than the existing cutoff value of waist circumference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, UAC provides a better assessment of cardiovascular risk condition than does waist circumference especially for individuals with lower extremity amputation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata.
authors.affiliation: Biological Anthropology Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mozumdar
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio