title: The effect of gender in diagnosing early schizophrenia--an experimental case simulation study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies of diagnostic practice confirm that there is a diagnostic delay in diagnosing women with schizophrenia compared to diagnosing men. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic practice of Norwegian and Russian psychiatrists when it comes to early psychosis, emphasising gender differences. We wanted to study the association between patient gender as such and diagnostic decision-making among psychiatrists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychiatrists in Norway and the Archangels region in Russia were invited to participate in a study of diagnostic practice, and received a written case description of a patient with early psychosis symptoms that could be interpreted as schizophrenia. They were, however, not informed that 50% of them received a female case description and 50% a male case description. Apart from the patient being described as "he" or "she" the stories were identical. Effects of patient gender, clinician gender, age and main area of interest were estimated using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 467 psychiatrists answered the questionnaire. We found that schizophrenia diagnosis was given significantly more often to the male case than to the female case. Our finding remained significant after adjustment for country, clinician gender, age and main area of interest, and is unlikely to be explained by known biases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient gender in itself affects clinicians' diagnostic practice regarding schizophrenia, as schizophrenia diagnosis is given significantly more often to a male case description than to a female one, the descriptions being otherwise identical.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Health, Fylkesmannen i Troms, Box 6105, 9291, Tromsø, Norway. anne.hoye@fmtr.no
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Høye
authors.forename: Grigory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rezvy
authors.forename: Vidje
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Reidun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011287:Prejudice; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012426:Russia; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors