title: Effect of biological control through the daily application of spores of Duddingtonia flagrans in lambs kept under an evasive grazing system in the Netherlands.
abstract: In 2004, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of biological control through feeding spores of Duddingtonia flagrans on parasitic gastroenteritis in lambs, kept under an evasive grazing system. In total 66 lambs were used. Forty naturally infected 3-month old ram lambs were weaned in mid June, and divided into four groups of 10 lambs. On 21 June, G1-G4 were moved to four separate virtually clean plots, they were moved after 4 and 8 weeks to similar plots, and housed after 12 weeks to be necropsied 16 days later. The other 26 lambs had been raised helminth-free, and were used as pairs of tracer lambs. All but one of these pairs, were grazed during the last 2 weeks on each plot. The remaining pair (TA) was grazed during the last 2 weeks on pasture (30 August to 13 September) on the plot that had been grazed by G3 between 19 July and 16 August, to study inhibited development in Haemonchus contortus. All lambs were fed 200 g of concentrates daily throughout the whole period, and those of G1 and G2 were also fed 500,000 spores of D. flagrans/kg bodyweight daily. The faecal cultures demonstrated a high reduction in yield as a result of fungal application. However, no differences between groups were seen in weight gain, faecal egg counts, pasture larval counts, worm counts and tracer worm counts. H. contortus was the dominant species, and it is obvious that the moves at 4-week intervals prevented the development of severe haemonchosis. This is in particular demonstrated by the much higher worm counts in the two TA tracer lambs grazed. Nevertheless, increases to high faecal egg counts 3 weeks after the first and second moves, indicated acquisition of infection before these moves and at least subclinical haemonchosis. This was supported with the worm counts of lambs and tracer lambs. A higher proportion of inhibited early L4 than in other tracers and than in the permanent lambs were found in the pair of TA tracer lambs. This indicates that moves to new pastures in late summer and autumn delays the onset of inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Infectiology, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.eysker@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eysker
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: F N J
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Kooyman
authors.forename: S Olde
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Olthuis
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Ploeger
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009426:Netherlands; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D006109:Poaceae / Q000469:parasitology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology; D015430:Weight Gain