title: Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women.
abstract: Linda Birch and colleagues review the evidence associated with various demographic and behavioural risk factors for the development of urinary incontinence in nulliparous, pre-menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Practice Development and Research Unit, Arrowe Park Hospital, Upton, Wirral.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hogard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D017697:Premenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics