title: JunD attenuates phenylephrine-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by negatively regulating AP-1 transcriptional activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mice deficient for the AP-1 transcription factor JunD, the only Jun protein constitutively expressed and clearly detectable in the mammalian heart, develop enhanced cardiac hypertrophy in response to chronic pressure overload. Catecholamines inducing alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling have been implicated in the neurohumoral response to pressure overload and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. In the present study we analyzed the mechanistic role of JunD in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro in response to alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiomyocytes were isolated from 1- to 3-day-old rats and transfected with adenoviruses expressing LacZ or wild-type JunD, or with expression vectors encoding LacZ, wild-type JunD, mutated JunD forming only JunD homodimers (JunDeb1), mutated JunD lacking the JNK site (JunD-Delta 162), or c-Jun. After stimulation with PE (10(-5) mol/L), hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes (cross-sectional area and [3H]-leucine incorporation) and mRNA expression of JunD, c-Jun, c-Fos, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were analyzed. Transcriptional activation was determined by luciferase activity in cardiomyocytes transfected with AP-1 or ANP luciferase reporter plasmids. Gel shift assays with an AP-1 consensus oligonucleotide were performed to analyze AP-1 DNA binding activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PE augmented mRNA levels of c-Jun and c-Fos, but decreased JunD transcript levels. Adenoviral over-expression of wild-type JunD blunted PE-induced hypertrophic growth and expression of ANP mRNA. Over-expression of JunD in cardiomyocytes caused enhanced AP-1 protein-DNA binding, without increasing the transcriptional response from AP-1 or ANP luciferase reporter plasmids at baseline or upon PE stimulation. Moreover, over-expression of JunDeb1 attenuated transcription from AP-1 or ANP luciferase reporter plasmids and blunted c-Jun-mediated acceleration of AP-1 transcriptional activity at baseline and in response to PE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations establish a novel role for JunD as a negative regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in response to hypertrophic stimuli by inhibiting AP-1 transcriptional activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. hilfiker.denise@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hilfiker-Kleiner
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilfiker
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellazzi
authors.forename: Kai C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wollert
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trautwein
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D004247:DNA