title: [Risk factors for recurrence and metastasis after radical anterior resection for rectal cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk factors for local recurrence and distant metastasis after radical anterior resection for rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathological data of 957 patients who underwent radical anterior resection for rectal cancer from 1983 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. The risk factors for local recurrence and distant metastasis were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 150 recurrent or metastatic cases (15.7%) after radical resection during a median follow- up of 71 months. Recurrence and metastasis sites included pelvics(6.0%, n=57), liver (4.9%, n=47), lung (4.2%, n=40) and other sites (0.6%, n=6). The median recurrent interval was 18 months (2-85 months),with a median survival of 8 months (1-62 months) after recurrence. Re-resection of the tumors was performed in 23 patients(15.3% ), and the median survival of such patients was 30 months with a 5- year survival rate of 13.0%. There were significant differences in recurrence and metastasis considering age,family history of tumor,CEA level,T staging,lymph node metastasis,venous cancerous emboli and signet cell carcinoma or mucinous adenocarcinoma. Logistic regression analysis revealed that family history (P=0.001), high CEA level (P=0.033), T3- 4 (P=0.000), lymph node metastasis (P=0.000),venous cancerous emboli (P=0.001),and signet cell carcinoma or mucinous adenocarcinoma (P=0.012) were risk factors for recurrence and metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are several risk factors for recurrence after radical anterior resection for rectal cancer. The main recurrent or metastatic sites are pelvis,liver and lung. Resection of recurrent tumor can prolong the survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Abdominal Surgery,Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100021,China.zhyhui168@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Tie-cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yong-fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Jing-quan
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-xiong
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhi-xiang
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li-bin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors