title: Cyclooxygenase 2: understanding the pathophysiological role through genetically altered mouse models.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX) -1 and -2 catalyze the first step in the biosynthesis of prostanoids. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in many tissues and seems to be involved in the housekeeping function of prostanoids. COX-2, the inducible isoform, accounts for the elevated production of prostaglandins in response to various inflammatory stimuli, hormones and growth factors. COX-2 expression has been also associated with cell growth regulation, tissue remodelling and carcinogenesis. More of these characteristics have been elucidate through using COX selective inhibitors. Recent advances in transgenic and gene-targeting approaches allow a sophisticated manipulation of the mouse genome by gene addition, gene deletion or gene modifications. The development of COX-2 genetically altered mice has provided models to elucidate the physiological and pathophysiological roles of this enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas CIB (CSIC), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín Sanz
authors.forename: Sonsoles
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hortelano
authors.forename: Lisardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bosca
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology*; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012098:Reproduction
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2