title: Nerve endings of the wrist joint: a preliminary report of the dorsal radiocarpal ligament.
abstract: As part of an investigation of the articular nerve ending populations in the wrist joint capsule associated with the anterior and posterior interosseous nerves, this study addresses the nerve ending population in the dorsal radiocarpal ligament. The ligaments were harvested from four wrists of two fresh cadavers within 12 h of death. Tissues were fixed, cryostat sectioned, and processed for fluorescence immunohistochemistry using antibody to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a general or pan neuronal marker, and a secondary antibody conjugated to a fluorescent tag (Alexa Fluor 488). The sections were evaluated with a confocal laser microscope and an image analyzer. Labeled nerve endings were mapped, measured, and categorized. Type I (Ruffini-like ending), Type III (Golgi-like tendon organ) and Type IV (noncorpuscular) nerve endings could be identified in all four DRC ligaments, with Types I and IV dominating. These receptors were distributed primarily over the superficial two thirds of the ligament (>80%), and near the bony attachments (>70%). The dorsal radiocarpal ligament has a rich sensory innervation from the posterior interosseous nerve terminating in nerve endings located in the superficial two-thirds of the ligaments, primarily near bony attachment sites.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Te
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Evelyn J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Jean Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jew
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kai-Nan
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D017746:Joint Capsule / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D007834:Lasers; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008465:Mechanoreceptors / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009411:Nerve Endings / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000294:innervation*