title: The use of agar as a novel filler for monolithic matrices produced using hot melt extrusion.
abstract: The use of filler materials in an extended release monolithic polymer matrix can lead to a vastly altered release profile for the active pharmaceutical ingredient. A range of excipients for use in monolithic matrices have been discussed in the literature. The body of work described in this research paper outlines the use of agar as a novel filler material in a hot melt extruded polymer matrix. Several batches of matrix material were prepared with Diclofenac sodium used as the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Agar and microcrystalline cellulose were used as the filler materials in varying ratios, to examine the effect of % filler content as well as filler type on the properties of the hot melt extruded matrix. The resultant extrudates were characterised using steady state parallel plate rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dissolution testing. The rheometry analysis concluded that the fillers used resulted in an increase in the matrix viscosity. The DSC scans obtained showed negligible effects on the melting behavior of the matrix as a result of the filler inclusion. Dissolution analysis showed that the presence of the fillers resulted in a slower release rate of API than for the matrix alone. The results detailed within this paper indicate that agar is a viable filler for extended release hot melt produced dosage forms.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biopolymer and Biomolecular Research, Athlone Institute of Technology, Westmeath, Ireland. slyons@ait.ie
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Declan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Luke M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Geever
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Clement L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Higginbotham
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D010316:Particle Size; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D004008:Diclofenac; C038300:methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer; D000362:Agar