Access to health care services for the disabled elderly.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether difficulty walking and the strategies persons use to compensate for this deficit influenced downstream Medicare expenditures.


METHODS
Secondary data analysis of Medicare claims data (1999-2000) for age-eligible Medicare beneficiaries (N=4,997) responding to the community portion of the 1999 National Long Term Care Survey (NLTCS).


METHODS
Longitudinal cohort study. Walking difficulty and compensatory strategy were measured at the 1999 NLTCS, and used to predict health care use as measured in Medicare claims data from the survey date through year-end 2000.


METHODS
Respondents to the 1999 community NLTCS with complete information on key explanatory variables (walking difficulty and compensatory strategy) were linked with Medicare claims to define outcome variables (health care use and cost).


RESULTS
Persons who reported it was very difficult to walk had more downstream home health visits (1.1/month, p<.001), but fewer outpatient physician visits (-0.16/month, p<.001) after controlling for overall disease burden. Those using a compensatory strategy for walking also had increased home health visits/month (0.55 for equipment, 1.0 for personal assistance, p<.001 for both) but did not have significantly reduced outpatient visits. Persons reporting difficulty walking had increased downstream Medicare costs ranging from 163 US dollars to 222 US dollars/month (p<.001) depending upon how difficult walking was. Less than half of the persons who used equipment to adapt to walking difficulty had their difficulty fully compensated by the use of equipment. Persons using equipment that fully compensated their difficulty used around 300 US dollars/month less in Medicare-financed costs compared with those with residual difficulty.


CONCLUSIONS
Difficulty walking and use of compensatory strategies are correlated with the use of Medicare-financed services. The potential impact on the Medicare program is large, given how common such limitations are among the elderly.
Taylor
Donald H
DH
Duke University Center for Health Policy, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, 302 Towerview Road, Box 90253, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Hoenig
Helen
H
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics; D014481:United States