title: Utility of Glasgow Coma Scale-Extended in symptom prediction following mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of the Glasgow Coma Scale-Extended (GCS-E) for the prediction of symptoms commonly associated with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and sixty-one participants with a mild TBI were evaluated using the GCS-E and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion. A sub-group of 185 participants took part in a more extensive evaluation, which also included measures of depression and vestibular symptoms. All participants had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, but experienced varying lengths of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) as measured by the GCS-E.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of the GCS-E for assessment of PTA duration revealed that longer lengths of amnesia following mild TBI were associated with greater incidence of dizziness, depression and cognitive impairments during the first weeks after injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the GCS-E is a useful tool for the prediction of symptoms associated with mild TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Angela I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Nathalie E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Magnus
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gottshall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000647:Amnesia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D038223:Post-Concussion Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests