title: Insurance barriers for childhood survivors of pediatric brain tumors: the case for neurocognitive evaluations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to provide empirical evidence of system-based barriers to psychological services for pediatric brain tumor patients when they are medically indicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insurance claims data covering 263,866 insured lives during the 1996 fiscal year were pooled from a cross-sectional national sample of adults and their families insured by private insurance companies or self-insured firms. Based on inclusion criteria, records for 209 pediatric brain tumor patients aged 18 and under were extracted and analyzed. Claims data including total amount of payments made on behalf of a member, total length of hospital stays, and total number of unique admissions were recorded for all patients, and current procedural terminology (CPT) codes were analyzed to determine frequency of payment for routinely billed psychological procedures. Results were then compared to the frequency of payment for routinely billed psychological procedures for children with other medical conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that two of the CPT codes commonly associated with neurocognitive evaluations were reimbursed by these third-party payers for pediatric brain tumor patients during the 1996 fiscal year. Additionally, seven of the CPT codes commonly associated with psychological therapy were also reimbursed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings provide empirical evidence of system-based obstacles (i.e., lack of third-party reimbursement) for medically indicated psychological services in pediatric brain tumor patients.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. taylorch@musc.edu
authors.forename: Lloyd
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Reamer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bushardt
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: T David
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Elkin
authors.forename: Beverly L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Fortson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boll
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000191:economics*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039702:Current Procedural Terminology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017741:Survivors; D014481:United States