title: c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase signaling axis regulates diallyl trisulfide-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and cell cycle arrest in human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: We have shown previously that generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a critical event in G(2)-M phase cell cycle arrest caused by diallyl trisulfide (DATS), which is a highly promising anticancer constituent of processed garlic. Using DU145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells as a model, we now report a novel mechanism involving c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling axis, which is known for its role in regulation of cell survival and apoptosis, in DATS-induced ROS production. The DATS-induced ROS generation, G(2)-M phase cell cycle arrest and degradation, and hyperphosphorylation of Cdc25C were significantly attenuated in the presence of EUK134, a combined mimetic of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Interestingly, the DATS-induced ROS generation and G(2)-M phase cell cycle arrest were also inhibited significantly in the presence of desferrioxamine, an iron chelator, but this protection was not observed with iron-saturated desferrioxamine. DATS treatment caused a marked increase in the level of labile iron that was accompanied by degradation of light chain of iron storage protein ferritin. Interestingly, DATS-mediated degradation of ferritin, increase in labile iron pool, ROS generation, and/or cell cycle arrest were significantly attenuated by ectopic expression of a catalytically inactive mutant of JNK kinase 2 and RNA interference of stress-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (SEK1), upstream kinases in JNK signal transduction pathway. In conclusion, the present study provides experimental evidence to indicate existence of a novel pathway involving JNK signaling axis in regulation of DATS-induced ROS generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Jedrzej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antosiewicz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herman-Antosiewicz
authors.forename: Stanley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Marynowski
authors.forename: Shivendra V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013440:Sulfides; C042577:diallyl trisulfide; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D003676:Deferoxamine