title: Production of indolic compounds by rumen bacteria isolated from grazing ruminants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen rumen bacterial cultures and fresh ruminal isolates for indole and skatole production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Culture collection strains and fresh bacterial isolates from rumen contents of sheep and dairy cows were screened for the production of indolic compounds. Clostridium aminophilum FT, Peptostreptococcus ssp. S1, Fusobacterium necrophorum D4 produced indole and Clostridium sticklandii SR produced indoleacetic acid. Fresh isolates from sheep (TrE9262 and TrE7262) and dairy cows (152R-1a, 152R-1b, 152R-3 and 152R-4) produced indole, indolepropionic acid, tryptophol and skatole from the fermentation of tryptophan and indoleacetic acid. Glucose altered the indolic compounds produced in some, but not all, isolates. TrE7262 and 152R-4 were identified as Clostridium sporogenes and 152R-1b as a new Cl. aminophilum strain. Isolates TrE9262, 152R-1a and 152R-3 were not closely related to any described species but belong to Megasphaera, Prevotella and Actinomyces genera, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rumen bacteria that produced a range of indolic compounds were identified. Some isolates are distinct from the previously described bacteria and may represent novel species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations will contribute to understanding skatole and indole formation in the rumen and will lead to methods that control the formation of indolic compounds in pasture-grazed ruminants.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism and Microbial Genomics, Food and Health, AgResearch, Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand. graeme.attwood@agresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Attwood
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavendale
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D003013:Clostridium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047991:Acetoanaerobium sticklandii / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005673:Fusobacterium / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis*; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D021521:Ribotyping; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D012862:Skatole / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D012862:Skatole