title: Cognitive changes after carotid artery stenting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to test changes in cognitive performance after carotid artery stenting (CAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were neuropsychologically tested at least 24 h before and 48 h after CAS. To diminish thromboembolic events, we used a proximal protection device. The following neuropsychological tests were selected: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), symbol digit test and subtests of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) battery (verbal fluency, constructional practice, word list memory and delayed recall). Affective state was determined by the Beck Depression Score (BDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient suffered from depression (BDS <1) or dementia (MMSE 29.9+/-1.5). Nine of the ten patients (P=0.12) showed increased speed in the Number Connection Test (NCT) (corresponding to trail making test). Most patients showed better or similar results concerning delayed recall (P=0.31). No change was observed in the symbol digit test, word list memory, verbal fluency or constructional practice. Better results concerning NCT and delayed recall after carotid stenting might be due to improved brain perfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After CAS, cognitive and memory performance seem to improve. Further studies with different time intervals and more refined testing, as well as perfusion-weighted imaging, are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of the Saarland, 66424 Homburg, Germany. i.grunwald@web.de
authors.forename: I Q
authors.initials: IQ
authors.lastname: Grunwald
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Supprian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Struffert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falkai
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krick
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backens
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reith
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015607:Stents