title: [Influence of fat tissue distribution on metabolic complications in children and adolescents with simple obesity].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents results in more common metabolic complications characteristic for adults, particularly those with abdominal obesity. The objective of the study was to determine the relation between the fat tissue distribution and metabolic complications and to estimate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 64 children (42 girls and 22 boys) with simple obesity (BMI =97 pc) in the mean age 12.4+/-3.4 years. The fat tissue distribution was assessed on the basis of waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio (WHR) and skinfold thickness (suprailiac, subscapular, biceps and triceps). In all children plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol as well as triglycerides were estimated. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured in fasting state and during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fasting insulin to glucose ratio (FIGR) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured in triplicate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 33 (51.6%) of children dyslipidemia, in 10 (15.6%) hyperinsulinemia or impaired glucose tolerance and in 12 (18%) hypertension was diagnosed. The Metabolic syndrome was present in 9 (14%) children. The anthropometric predictor for the risk of metabolic complications was a greater waist circumference, while greater hip circumference decreased the risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The metabolic complications characteristic of metabolic syndrome, previously diagnosed exclusively in adults, may occur also in obese children and adolescents. As in adults, abdominal obesity is the most relevant risk factor of the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Pediatrii, Endokrynologii i Diabetologii Dzieciecej Slaskiej AM w Katowicach, Katowice. gosiaf-p@wp.pl
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Firek-Pedras
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Małecka-Tendera
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klimek
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zachurzok-Buczyńska
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000209:etiology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose