title: Mechanisms governing the inelastic deformation of cortical bone and application to trabecular bone.
abstract: To understand the inelastic response of bone, a three-part investigation has been conducted. In the first, unload/reload tests have been used to characterize the hysteresis and provide insight into the mechanisms causing the strain. The second part devises a model for the stress/strain response, based on understanding developed from the measurements. The model rationalizes the inelastic deformation in tension, as well as the permanent strain and hysteresis. In the third part, a constitutive law representative of the deformation is selected and used to illustrate the coupled buckling and bending of ligaments that arise when trabecular bone is loaded in compression.
authors.affiliation: Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA. cmercer@engineering.ucsb.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002417:Cattle; D019245:Compressive Strength; D004548:Elasticity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008954:Models, Biological