title: Differential promoter usage for insulin-like growth factor-II gene in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) gene contains nine exons and four different promoters (P1-P4). Expression of the gene is elevated in the preneoplastic hepatic foci and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of experimental animals and humans. To gain insight into transcriptional regulation of the gene in HCC, we analyzed the relative usage of the P1-P4 promoters and its correlation with the clinical and pathological characteristics in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  P1-P4 usage levels of the gene in tumorous and matched adjacent nontumorous tissues from 23 HCC patients and 7 normal liver tissues were evaluated using a semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. The mutation status of p53 gene in HCC tissues was analyzed by PCR and sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transcripts from P1 were not detectable in 65.2% HCC tissues, and were expressed at low levels or not expressed in all nontumorous tissues compared with normals, but P2 usage levels showed no differences. P3 and P4 expression was significantly increased in most of HCC and almost all adjacent nontumorous tissues. There was a positive association of expression levels of both P3 and P4 transcripts in HCC tissues with the p53 mutation and presence of tumor embolus of portal vein, and expression of P3 were negatively related to differentiation of HCC. However, expression of both P3 and P4 was not associated with other parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of P1 activity and reactivation of P3 and P4 are important characteristics in most of Chinese HCC with HBV infection, and increased IGF-II expression from P3 and P4 may play an active role in early proliferation of precancerous liver cells and hepatocarcinogenesis of these cases. Significant increase in fetal transcripts is associated with the p53 mutation and poor prognosis of the HCC patients and might serve as one of identification parameters of poor HCC prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 Huang Pu Avenue, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shao Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Dong Hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hong Ke
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016158:Genes, p53; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012313:RNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II