title: Role of interparticle forces in the formation of random loose packing.
abstract: We present a physical and numerical study of the settling of uniform spheres in liquids and show that interparticle forces play a critical role in forming the so-called random loose packing (RLP). Different packing conditions give different interparticle forces and, hence, different RLP. Two types of interparticle forces are identified: process dependent and process independent. The van der Waals force, as the major cohesive force in the present study, plays a critical role in effecting the process-dependent forces such as drag and lift forces. An equation is formulated to describe the relationship between the macroscopic packing fraction and microscopic interparticle forces in a packing. We argue there is no lowest packing fraction for a mechanically stable RLP; hence, the packing fractions of RLP can range from 0 to 0.64 depending on the cohesive and frictional conditions between particles.
authors.affiliation: Center for Simulation and Modeling of Particulate Systems, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Yu