title: Effects of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg and CTLA4Ig fusion protein on experimental autoimmune myocarditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the therapeutic alliance effects of adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer of ICOSIg and CTLA4Ig fusion protein on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression vector pAdeno-CTLA4Ig and pAdeno-ICOSIg was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Adenovirus expresses CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg was produced. Ad-CMV-GFP was used as controls. EAM was induced in Lewis rats by injection of procine cardiac myosin. All the immunized rats were divided into four groups. Group A (n = 15) received adenovirus containing CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg from day 14-28; group B (n = 15), group C (n = 15) and group D (n = 15) received adenovirus containing CTLA4Ig, ICOSIg and GFP, respectively. Group E (n = 10) was normal controls never received immunization. On day 28, all the rats were killed after echocardiography examination. Histopathological examination was used to observe inflammation in the myocardium. Western blot was used to detect CTLA4, ICOS, ICOSL and competitive RT-PCR for B7-1, B7-2 expression. T lymphocyte proliferation assay was performed and ELISPOT was used to detect the Th1 and Th2 production.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alliance application of CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg exerts therapeutic effects on EAM. After a treatment duration of 14 days, cardiac function and myocardial inflammation improved significantly compared to group D. Expression of CTLA-4, ICOS and ICOSL, B7-1 was statistically decreased in group A, B and C compared with group D. T-cell proliferation was inhibited by costimulatory blockade in a dose-dependent style. ICOSIg blockade significantly augments IL-4 and IL-10 production while diminished IFN-gamma production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Blockade of costimulatory pathway with alliance therapy of CTLA4Ig and ICOSIg alleviated autoimmune damage in EAM and improved cardiac function. The mechanisms may be downregulation of costimulatory molecules and anti-inflammation.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Department of Cardiology, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China. doctorliuwei@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: B-G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: W-M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000069594:Abatacept; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000235:genetics*; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D008297:Male; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D016207:Cytokines; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C556692:ICOS protein, human; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000069594:Abatacept