title: The effect of a medium-term activity- and diet-induced energy deficit on subjective appetite sensations in obese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the subjective appetite responses to an imposed activity- and diet-induced energy deficit during a residential intervention programme for obese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-week intervention of fixed, reduced dietary intake and 6 h/day of skill-based physical activity while resident in a weight loss camp.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight obese (mean body mass index (BMI)=34.9 kg m(-2)) boys and girls (mean age 13.9+/-1.57).
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic appetite rating system (EARS) was used to periodically measure subjective appetite sensations at the start (WK1) and at the end (WK6) of the camp. Subjective ratings of hunger and fullness were compared at the start and end of 6 weeks of an activity- and diet-induced-based weight loss intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the 6 weeks, the children had lost 8.4 kg in body mass. The diurnal profiles of subjective appetite sensations demonstrated clear oscillations in hunger and fullness. There was a significant increase in hunger (P<0.0001) and decrease in fullness (P<0.005) at the end (WK6) of the medium-term energy deficit. In WK6, morning ratings of hunger were higher than in WK1 (P<0.005) and the fixed energy evening meal induced a lower suppression of hunger (P<0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A programme of fixed, reduced-dietary intake combined with an activity and behavioural programme was successful at inducing a significant reduction in body mass in obese children. Subjective sensations of appetite were sensitive to a medium-term negative energy balance and weight loss. These data are essential as we continue to evolve methods of treatment for overweight and obese children.
authors.affiliation: BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. n.king@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hester
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gately
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001066:Appetite; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D012677:Sensation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss