title: Biophysical approaches for studying the integrity and function of tight junctions.
abstract: Cell-cell adhesion is an extremely important phenomenon as it influences several biologically important processes such as inflammation, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and even cancer metastasis. Furthermore, proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion are also important from the perspective of facilitating better drug delivery across epithelia. The adhesion forces imparted by proteins involved in cell-cell adhesion have been the focus of research for sometime. However, with the advent of nanotechnological techniques such as the atomic force microscopy (AFM), we can now quantitatively probe these adhesion forces not only at the cellular but also molecular level. Here, we review the structure and function of tight junction proteins, highlighting some mechanistic studies performed to quantify the adhesion occurring between these proteins and where possible their association with human diseases. In particular, we will highlight two important experimental techniques, namely the micropipette step pressure technique and the AFM that allow us to quantify these adhesion forces at both the cellular and molecular levels, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering & Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: S R K
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Vedula
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kausalya
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hunziker
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rajagopal
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D001703:Biophysics / Q000379:methods*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D008565:Membrane Proteins