title: Improving the global management of the neurogenic bladder patient: part II. Future treatment strategies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with neurogenic bladder represent a small fraction of the total overactive bladder population. As a consequence, development of new therapies in this area has largely focused on idiopathic urinary incontinence. The absence of data for patients with neurological disease has far-reaching implications, affecting reimbursement and physicians' willingness to prescribe therapies, and limiting access of potential valuable treatments to patients whose lives are significantly impaired by inadequately managed bladder symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The range of new therapies is increasing. Although many reviews of the overall safety, efficacy and mode of action of such treatments are available, there is limited information on how these treatments will best be used in clinical practice. We considered the current benefits and limitations of the various new licensed and unlicensed therapies and what role each would have in the future management of neurogenic urinary incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A wide range of new treatments have been investigated for the management of overactive bladder; few, however, have been evaluated extensively in neurogenic urinary incontinence. Further studies are required to determine the optimal dosing regimes and formulations for individual sub-populations of neurogenic bladder patients and to determine the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. With the current experience available, two treatment algorithms for a subset of patients with neurological disease have also been proposed, which suggest at which stage of management and in which patients individual therapies for neurogenic urinary incontinence could be used.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France. pierre.denys@rcp.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denys
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corcos
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Everaert
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chartier-Kastler
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalsi
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nitti
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schulte-Baukloh
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schurch
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D004224:Diterpenes; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; C024353:resiniferatoxin; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D002211:Capsaicin