title: Wrinkled petals and stamens 1, is required for the morphogenesis of petals and stamens in Lotus japonicus.
abstract: Although much progress has been made in understanding how floral organ identity is determined during the floral development, less is known about how floral organ is elaborated in the late floral developmental stages. Here we describe a novel floral mutant, wrinkled petals and stamens1 (wps1), which shows defects in the development of petals and stamens. Genetic analysis indicates that wps1 mutant is corresponding to a single recessive locus at the long arm of chromosome 3. The early development of floral organs in wps1 mutant is similar to that in wild type, and the malfunction of the mutant commences in late developmental stages, displaying a defect on the appearance of petals and stamens. In the mature flower, petals and stamen filaments in the mutant are wrinkled or folded, and the cellular morphology under L1 layer of petals and stamen filaments is abnormal. It is found that the expression patterns of floral organ identity genes are not affected in wps1 mutants compared with that of wild type, consistent with the unaltered development of all floral organs. Furthermore, the identities of epidermal cells in different type of petals are maintained. The histological analysis shows that in wps1 flowers all petals are irregularly folded, and there are knotted structures in the petals, while the shape and arrangement of inner cells are malformed and unorganized. Based on these results, we propose that Wps1 acts downstream to the class B floral organ identity genes, and functions to modulate the cellular differentiation during the late flower developmental stages.
authors.affiliation: National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Jiang Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ji Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Li Lin
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong Hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiang Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiao He
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D000070116:Lotus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins