title: Management of childhood spasticity: a neurosurgical perspective.
abstract: The management of childhood spasticity requires a multidisciplinary effort. With input from pediatricians, physical and occupational therapists, neurologists, orthotists, orthopedic surgeons, neurological surgeons, and other healthcare personnel, effective treatment for spasticity can be initiated and maintained that can lead to meaningful improvements in quality of life for vast numbers of children. Neurosurgical treatment of spasticity will continue to evolve and be refined as procedures and techniques are appropriately evaluated with reliable and validated outcome measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, The Children's Hospital of New York, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mandigo
authors.forename: Richard C E
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000601:surgery; D010808:Physical Examination; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D019051:Rhizotomy
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D001418:Baclofen