title: Clinical performance of original and revised Bethesda guidelines for the identification of MSH2/MLH1 gene carriers in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: proposal of a new and simpler set of recommendations.
abstract: Identification of individuals who should undergo hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) genetic testing is a critical and difficult issue. For this purpose, the National Cancer Institute outlined a set of recommendations, the Bethesda guidelines, which have recently been revised.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical performance of original and revised Bethesda guidelines for the detection of MSH2/MLH1 gene carriers in patients with colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,222 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer were included in the EPICOLON study, a prospective, multicenter, nationwide epidemiology survey aimed at establishing the incidence of HNPCC in Spain (JAMA 2005; 293:1986-1994). Performance characteristics of the original and revised Bethesda guidelines were assessed with respect to the presence of MSH2/MLH1 germline mutations. Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the most effective strategy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Original or revised Bethesda guidelines were equivalent strategies in terms of sensitivity (100%vs 100%; ns), specificity (98.1%vs 97.9%; ns), and overall accuracy (98.1%vs 97.9%; ns), as well as positive (25.8%vs 24.2%) and negative predictive values (100%vs 100%). The most discriminating individual variables were criteria number 1 (i.e., fulfillment of the Amsterdam criteria; RR = 34.14; 95% CI = 6.85-170.16; p < 0.001) and number 2 (i.e., individuals with two HNPCC-related neoplasms; RR = 35.63; 95% CI = 4.83-262.6; p < 0.001) of the original guidelines, and criterion number 1 of the revised guidelines (i.e., colorectal cancer diagnosed under 50 yr of age; RR = 29.34; 95% CI = 3.81-225.96; p= 0.001). The aggregation of these three criteria was equivalent to both Bethesda guidelines in terms of sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (100%), but superior to the revised criteria regarding specificity (98.5%; p < 0.05), overall accuracy (98.5%; p < 0.05), and positive predictive value (30.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Original and revised Bethesda guidelines are equivalent, highly effective criteria for the identification of MSH2/MLH1 gene mutation carriers in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer. A new set of recommendations, based on a combination of some of their individual criteria, may provide additional advantages in terms of effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Institut de Malalties Digestives, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Moranta
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castells
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreu
authors.forename: Virgínia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Piñol
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castellví-Bel
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alenda
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Llor
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Xicola
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jover
authors.forename: Artemio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Payá
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bessa
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balaguer
authors.forename: Joaquin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cubiella
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Argüello
authors.forename: Juan Diego
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Morillas
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bujanda
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein