title: Association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other subsequent primary cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esophageal adenocarcinoma shares risk factors such as obesity and smoking with other common cancers. The association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other primary cancers has not been systematically evaluated. The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results database of the National Cancer Institute to explore the association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other primary cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  All adult patients with esophageal cancers, both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed between 1973 and 2001, were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results database, and standardized incidence rates were calculated for all subsequent primary cancers in these patients. The analysis was reversed to estimate the standardized incidence rate for subsequent primary esophageal cancer after a first primary cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with a standard population, patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were at higher risk for the development of another subsequent cancer, specifically, cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx, lung and bronchus, and kidney and renal pelvis, and adenocarcinoma of the colon/rectum and pancreas. With squamous cell esophageal cancer, there was an association with tobacco-related cancers such as those of the oral cavity and pharynx, the lung and bronchus, and the breast. There was either no association or even a negative association of esophageal adenocarcinoma with other obesity-related cancers such as breast, uterine, and prostate cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are at increased risk for the development of specific second primary cancers that share smoking as a common risk factor. Esophageal adenocarcinoma does not have a strong association with obesity-related cancers with respect to the relative risk for the development of subsequent primary cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. das.ananya@may.edu
authors.forename: Ananya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Sapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Lydia B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zablotska
authors.forename: Alfred I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Neugut
authors.forename: Amitabh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chak
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology