title: In vitro studies of intestinal permeability and hepatic and intestinal metabolism of 8-prenylnaringenin, a potent phytoestrogen from hops (Humulus lupulus L.).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The absorption potential and metabolism of 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) were investigated. 8-PN is a potent estrogen with the potential to be used for the relief of menopausal symptoms in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cancer cell line Caco-2 and human hepatocytes were incubated with 8-PN to model its intestinal absorption and hepatic metabolism, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The apparent permeability coefficients for 8-PN in the apical-to-basolateral and basolateral-to-apical directions of a Caco-2 monolayer were 5.2 +/- 0.7 x 10(-5) and 4.9 +/- 0.5 x 10(-5) cm/s, respectively, indicating good intestinal absorption via passive diffusion. Both glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of 8-PN were detected in the Caco-2 cell incubations. The 4'-O-glucuronide was the predominant Caco-2 cell metabolite, followed by 7-O-sulfate and 4'-O-sulfate. Both phase I and phase II metabolites of 8-PN were formed by human hepatocytes. The 7-O-glucuronide was the most abundant hepatocyte metabolite, and no sulfate conjugates were detected. Incubations with various cDNA-expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferases indicated that the isozymes UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A8, and UGT1A9 were responsible for glucuronidation of 8-PN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although orally administered 8-PN should be readily absorbed from the intestine, its bioavailability should be reduced significantly by intestinal and hepatic metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, USA.
authors.forename: Dejan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lucas R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: van Breemen
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D044950:Flavanones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D027582:Humulus / Q000737:chemistry*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C119737:8-prenylnaringenin; D044950:Flavanones; D020719:Glucuronides; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase