title: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: a retrospective analysis of 144 surgical cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung are considered aggressive. However, reported prognoses are heterogeneous and the optimum treatment remains undefined. We retrospectively evaluated outcomes in a series of patients with a pathological diagnosis of large cell neuroendocrine lung carcinoma, who underwent lung resection. We also assessed the utility of chemotherapy in a small subgroup.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical records of 144 consecutive patients were reviewed in a multicenter study. Survival times, assessed from the day of surgery until death or most recent follow-up, were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and compared by the log rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 117 men and 27 women of median age 63 years. Twelve wedge resections, 3 segmentectomies, 95 lobectomies, 7 bilobectomies and 24 pneumonectomies were performed. Induction chemotherapy was given in 21 and postoperative chemotherapy in 24. Pathologically, 73 (50%) were stage I, 29 (20%) stage II, 40 (28%) stage III and 2 stage IV. Postoperative mortality was 2.8% and morbidity 26%. Overall 5-year survival was 42.5%: 52% for stage I, 59% for stage II and 20% for stage III (p=0.001 log-rank test on Kaplan-Meier curves). A trend to better outcome was associated with preoperative or postoperative chemotherapy in stage I disease (p=0.077) compared to no chemotherapy. The response rate to induction chemotherapy was 80% in the 15 patients with data available.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung are confirmed as aggressive but are also chemosensitive. Our experience suggests that chemotherapy may improve prognosis in stage I disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy. giulia.veronesi@ieo.it
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.forename: Uliano
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Morandi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alloisio
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terzi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardillo
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filosso
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Facciolo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gandini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Calabrò
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Casali
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marulli
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spaggiari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome