title: Advantage of the right lateral position compared with the lithotomy position during the perineal procedure in abdominoperineal resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abdominoperineal resection (APR) is generally performed in the lithotomy position (LT-APR). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the advantage of the right lateral (RL) position during the perineal phase of APR, in extended APR (ext-APR) that needed additional excision of the pelvic organs and sacrococcyx, and in total pelvic exenteration (TPE).
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study is based on 50 patients observed from January 1993 to December 2004 (43 with primary rectal malignancy, 7 with recurrent cancer), who had undergone the following surgeries: LT-APR was carried out in 20 patients, RL-APR in 13, LT-ext-APR in 5, RL-ext-APR in 8, LT-TPE in 2 and RL-TPE in 2. Perioperative factors were compared between the LT and RL position in each operative procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When RL-APR was compared with LT-APR, operative time (including the time to change the position) and the amount of operative blood loss were significantly less in RL-APR (mean +/- SE = 314 +/- 16 vs. 381 +/- 18 min, p = 0.0156 and 598 +/- 78 vs. 1,160 +/- 171 g, p = 0.0168, respectively). The blood loss and operative time were also significantly less in RL-ext-APR than in LT-ext-APR (1,060 +/- 170 vs. 3,590 +/- 1,270 g, p = 0.0277 and 353 +/- 31 vs. 488 +/- 41 min, p = 0.0219, respectively). The average blood loss and operative time were 4,190 g and 650 min in LT-TPE, and 1,450 g and 609 min in RL-TPE, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RL position during the perineal phase following the abdominal phase in the LT position significantly decreases blood loss and operative time in APR and ext-APR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery 1, Miyazaki University School of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan. t.iwamura@junwakai.com
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamura
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotokezaka
authors.forename: Tada-Aki
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Tomotaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000601:surgery*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D010385:Pelvic Exenteration / Q000379:methods; D010502:Perineum / Q000601:surgery*; D011187:Posture; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*