title: Association of ventricular arrhythmias detected by implantable cardioverter defibrillator and ambient air pollutants in the St Louis, Missouri metropolitan area.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has previously been reported that the risk of ventricular arrhythmias is positively associated with ambient air pollution among patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in Boston.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of community exposures to air pollution with ventricular arrhythmias in a cohort of ICD patients in metropolitan St Louis, Missouri.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICD detected episodes reported during clinical follow up were abstracted and reviewed by an electrophysiologist to identify ventricular arrhythmias. A total of 139 ventricular arrhythmias were identified among 56 patients. A case-crossover design was used with control periods matched on weekday and hour of the day within the same calendar month. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for temperature, barometric pressure, and relative humidity in the 24 hours preceding the event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant (24%, 95% CI 7% to 44%) increase in risk of ventricular arrhythmias associated with each 5 ppb increase in mean sulphur dioxide and non-significantly increased risk (22%, 95% CI -6% to 60%; and 18%, 95% CI -7% to 50%) associated with increases in nitrogen dioxide (6 ppb) and elemental carbon (0.5 microg/m3), respectively in the 24 hours before the arrhythmia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence of an association between ventricular arrhythmias and ambient air pollutants in St Louis. This is consistent with previous results from Boston, although the pollutants responsible for the increased risk are different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mittleman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dockery
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide