title: Griseofulvin enhances the effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated whether or not griseofulvin (GF), which is an antimycotic widely used for the oral treatment of skin fungal infections, enhanced the effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in vitro, using several tumor cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A human squamous cell carcinoma line (KB), two human osteosarcoma cell lines from mandible (HOSM-1, HOSM-2), and the human gingiva-derived fibroblast line (HF), representing normal cells, were used. GF enhancement of ALA-PDT was evaluated by comparing the effect of ALAin combination with GF to the effect of ALAalone (GF enhancement rate of ALA-PDT). Also, the effect of GF on intracellular accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was evaluated by comparing the intracellular accumulation of PpIX in the ALA and GF combined treatment with that of ALA treatment alone (pGF enhancement rate of intracellular PpIX).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GFenhancement rate of ALA-PDT was 2.51 in KB cells, and 1.65 and 1.27 in HOSM-1 and HOSM-2 cells, respectively. GF enhancement rates of intracellular PpIX were 1.94 in KB cells, 1.53 in HOSM-1 cells, and 1.19 in HOSM-2 cells. GF enhancement rate of intracellular PpIX followed the same trends as the levels of GF enhancement rate of ALA-PDT in the different cell types. For HF, a large effect was not revealed in this study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study, although preliminary, strongly suggests that concomitant treatment with ALAand GF may be very useful to enhance the effect of ALA-PDT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mie University, Japan. jn@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Jouji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanase
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekida
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tagawa
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000032:analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D006118:Griseofulvin; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; C028025:protoporphyrin IX