title: ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 mediates the efflux of phototoxins on the luminal membrane of retinal capillary endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to clarify the localization and function of the ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2; BCRP/MXR/ABCP) in retinal capillary endothelial cells, which form the inner blood-retinal barrier, as an efflux transport system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The localization was identified by immunostaining. The transport function of ABCG2 was measured by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Western blotting indicated that ABCG2 was expressed as a glycosylated disulfide-linked complex in the mouse retina and in peripheral tissues, including liver, kidney, and small intestine. Double immunolabeling of ABCG2 and glucose transporter 1 suggested that ABCG2 was localized on the luminal membrane of mouse retinal capillary endothelial cells. ABCG2 mRNA and protein were found to be expressed in a conditionally immortalized rat retinal capillary endothelial cell line, TR-iBRB, and rat retina. Treatment with Ko143, an ABCG2 inhibitor, restored the accumulation of pheophorbide a and protoporphyrin IX in TR-iBRB cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABCG2 is expressed on the luminal membrane of retinal capillary endothelial cells, where ABCG2 acts as the efflux transporter for photosensitive toxins such as pheophorbide a and protoporphyrin IX. ABCG2 could play an important role at the inner blood-retinal barrier in restricting the distribution of phototoxins and xenobiotics in retinal tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biopharmacy and Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asashima
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitagaki
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terasaki
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C501412:Abcg2 protein, mouse; C489249:Abcg2 protein, rat; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495678:Slc2a1 protein, mouse; D002734:Chlorophyll; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; C032623:pheophorbide a