title: Habituation to the test cage influences amphetamine-induced locomotion and Fos expression and increases FosB/DeltaFosB-like immunoreactivity in mice.
abstract: Pre-exposure to the testing cage (habituation or familiarization) is a common procedure aimed at reducing the interference of novelty-induced arousal and drug-independent individual differences on neural and behavioral measures. However, recent results suggest that this procedure might exert a major influence on the effects of addictive drugs. The present experiments tested the effects of repeated exposure to a test cage (1 h daily for four consecutive days) on amphetamine-induced locomotion and Fos expression as well as on FosB/DeltaFosB-like immunoreactivity in mice of the C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred strains that differ for the response to amphetamine, stress and novelty. Daily experiences with the test cage increased FosB/DeltaFosB-like immunoreactivity in the medial-prefrontal cortex of both strains of mice and in the caudate of mice of the C57 strain, as reported for repeated stress in the rat. Moreover, previous habituation to the test cage reduced the locomotor response to a low dose of amphetamine only in DBA mice while it reduced amphetamine-induced Fos expression in medial-prefrontal cortex, dorsal caudate and the accumbens shell of mice of the C57 strain. These results demonstrate indexes of stress-like plasticity in the brains of mice exposed to a procedure of familiarization to the testing environment. Moreover, they suggest that the procedure of daily familiarization influences the pattern of brain Fos expression induced by amphetamine. Finally, they indicate complex interactions between experience with the testing environment, genotype and drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University "La Sapienza," via dei Marsi 78, Rome I-00185, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Recovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello, via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome 01443, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conversi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University "La Sapienza," via dei Marsi 78, Rome I-00185, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonito-Oliva
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University "La Sapienza," via dei Marsi 78, Rome I-00185, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Recovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello, via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome 01443, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University "La Sapienza," via dei Marsi 78, Rome I-00185, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, Istituto di Recovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Centro Europeo per la Ricerca sul Cervello, via del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome 01443, Italy. Electronic address: simona.cabib@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cabib
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos; D000661:Amphetamine