title: Investigation into possible causes of interference in serum testosterone measurement in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Direct (non-extracted) testosterone immunoassays may give spuriously high results in women. The presumed interferents may be removed if testosterone is extracted into an organic phase before being measured. We aimed to clarify possible causes and effects of interference in testosterone measurement in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women who had a blood sample referred to Hope Hospital Clinical Biochemistry laboratory for measurement of serum testosterone concentration over a six-month period were studied. Clinical and treatment data were recorded. A difference (direct-minus-extracted testosterone) of less than 1.0 nmol/L was used to define a group with low interference. A difference of 2.5 nmol/L or more was used to define a group with significant interference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of interference in 1271 serum samples from female patients was unimodal. There were no group differences in clinical presentation or treatment. The median degree of interference was 1.4 nmol/L. In 42 female patients with varying degrees of interference, identified on routine assay, regression analysis showed strong association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) and interference (direct-minus-extracted testosterone) (r = 0.77, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that DHEA-S is present in very variable amounts in blood, it is possible that even with a low cross reactivity, DHEA-S or one of its metabolites significantly interferes in the testosterone assay when at higher concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hope Hospital, Salford, UK. aheald@fs1.ho.man.ac.uk
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Heald
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Butterworth
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borzomato
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Layton
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kilpatrick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudenski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D003429:Cross Reactions; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate