title: A modified technique for bypass of the external carotid artery to the proximal posterior cerebral artery: an anatomical and technical study.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the proposition that bypass between the external carotid artery (ECA) and proximal posterior cerebral artery (PCA) can be achieved by using a short saphenous venous graft. The diameters of the ECA and vein graft may provide an increased blood flow with a straighter course. This technique may be helpful for management of patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency or those requiring a high volume blood flow to the posterior circulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to describe a modified technique using a short saphenous vein graft for bypass between the ECA and the PCA in order to use a small length of graft material and increase the patency of the anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten sides of five cadavers were dissected bilaterally. After a frontotemporal craniotomy and zygomatic arch osteotomy, the middle cranial fossa was exposed. A hole located approximately 2-3 cm posterolateral to the foramen rotunda was created extradurally. The sylvian fissure and the interpeduncular and ambient cisterns were opened. The proximal P2 segment of the PCA was identified. The ECA was found through a cervical incision. A short interposition saphenous vein graft was conducted to pass just behind the ramus mandible to the infratemporal fossa. The bypass between the ECA and P2 segment of the PCA was performed by using a short saphenous vein graft. The diameters of the ECA, P2 segment of PCA and both ends of the saphenous vein graft and its length were measured using an electronic micrometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean cross-clamping time of the PCA was 10.4+/-1.8 min. The mean diameters of the P2 segment of the PCA and ECA were 2.2+/-0.15 mm and 3.83+/-0.28 mm, respectively. The mean length of the saphenous vein graft was 88.8+/-3.8 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Meram Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. kayhanozturk@selcuk.edu.tr
authors.forename: Kayhan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Ilknur Ismihan
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arbag
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buyukmumcu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erkan Ustun
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salbacak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020769:Posterior Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation*; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery