title: Effect of sulfide on the immune response and susceptibility to Vibrio alginolyticus in the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus.
abstract: Kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus held in 34 per thousand seawater were injected with tryptic soy broth (TSB)-grown Vibrio alginolyticus (2.7x10(6)cfu shrimp(-1)), and then placed in water containing concentrations of sulfide at 0 (control), 51, 106, 528 and 1050microgl(-1), respectively. After 12-144h, mortality of V. alginolyticus-injected shrimp exposed to 528 and 1102microgl(-1) sulfide was significantly higher than that of shrimp exposed to 51microgl(-1) sulfide and the control solution. In another experiment, M. japonicus which had been exposed to 0, 56, 112, 525 and 1076microgl(-1) sulfide for 6, 12, 24 and 48h were examined for immune parameters, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency of V. alginolyticus. Sulfide concentrations at 525microgl(-1) or greater for 12h resulted in decreased total haemocyte count (THC) and phenoloxidase activity, phagocytic activity and bacterial clearance efficiency, whereas a sulfide concentration at 1076microgl(-1) for 24h caused a significant increase in respiratory burst and superoxide dismutase activity of M. japonicus. It is concluded that concentrations of sulfide at 528microgl(-1) or greater increased the susceptibility of M. japonicus against V. alginolyticus infection by a depression in immune ability. The increased production of superoxide anion by M. japonicus exposed to 525microgl(-1) sulfide or greater was considered to be cytotoxic to the host.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan 202, ROC.
authors.forename: Sha-Yen
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Si-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jiann-Chu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase