title: Do cytokine concentrations in pancreatic juice predict the presence of pancreatic diseases?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytokine concentration in pancreatic juice of patients with pancreatic disease is unknown. Secretin stimulation allows endoscopic collection of pancreatic juice secreted into the duodenum. We aimed to evaluate the cytokine concentrations in pancreatic juice of patients with abdominal pain to discriminate presence from absence of pancreatic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2003-December 2004, consecutive patients with abdominal pain compatible with pancreatic origin were enrolled. Patients underwent upper endoscopy. Intravenous secretin (0.2 mug/kg) was given immediately before scope intubation. Pancreatic juice collected from the duodenum was immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen until assays were performed. Pancreatic juice levels of interleukin-8, interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 were measured by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The final diagnosis was made by the primary gastroenterologist on the basis of medical history; laboratory, endoscopic, and imaging studies; and clinical follow-up. Fisher exact test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 130 patients screened, 118 met the inclusion criteria. Multivariate analysis revealed that only interleukin-8 was able to discriminate between normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis (P = .011), pancreatic cancer (P = .044), and the presence of pancreatic diseases (P = .007). Individual cytokine concentrations were not significantly different in chronic pancreatitis compared with pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine levels can be measured in pancreatic juice obtained from the duodenum without direct cannulation of the pancreatic duct. Interleukin-8 concentration in pancreatic juice can be used to discriminate between normal pancreas and patients with pancreatic disease. This is a relatively simple and noninvasive method to aid in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Kyung W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Surakit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pungpapong
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raimondo
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008049:Lipase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010189:Pancreatic Juice / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis; D012633:Secretin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D012633:Secretin; D008049:Lipase