Therapeutic vaccination for central nervous system repair.
1. Vaccination against infectious agents has been heralded as a triumph in modern medicine and, more recently, cancer vaccines have risen in prominence. The present review looks towards the use of vaccine therapy to attenuate damage after injury to the central nervous system (CNS). 2. Significant debility is associated with brain injury, most commonly occurring as a result of physical trauma or stroke. This end result reflects the inability of neurons and axons to regenerate following injury to the CNS. This unconductive environment is due, in large part, to the presence of myelin and oligodendrocyte-related inhibitors of neurite outgrowth. 3. We review how a vaccine-based approach has been variably used to circumvent this issue and promote axonal regeneration and repair following traumatic injury and other neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, emerging evidence suggests that the immune response to injury in the CNS may be manipulated so as to reduce cellular damage. Vaccine-directed approaches using this concept are also outlined.
Ang
Beng Ti
BT
Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. beng_ti_ang@nni.com.sg
Xu
Gang
G
Xiao
Zhi Cheng
ZC
D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein / Q000378:metabolism; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000070798:Nogo Proteins; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
C571326:MOG protein, human; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D018992:Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein; D063308:Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein; D000070798:Nogo Proteins; C000603199:RTN4 protein, human; D014612:Vaccines