title: Specific factors for prenatal lead exposure in the border area of China.
abstract: The objectives of this study are to examine the prevalence of increased blood lead concentrations in mothers and their umbilical cords, and to identify risk factors for prenatal lead exposure in Kunming city, Yunnan province, China. The study was conducted at two obstetrics departments, and 100 peripartum women were enrolled. The mean blood lead concentrations of the mothers and the umbilical cords were 67.3microg/l and 53.1microg/l, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, maternal occupational exposure, maternal consumption of homemade dehydrated vegetables and maternal habitation period in Kunming city were significantly associated with an increase of umbilical cord blood lead concentration. In addition, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of umbilical cord blood lead concentrations that possibly have adverse effects on brain development of newborns with each potential risk factor. Maternal frequent use of tableware with color patterns inside was significantly associated with higher cord blood lead concentration in addition to the three items in the multiple linear regression analysis. These points should be considered as specific recommendations for maternal and fetal lead exposure in this city.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao Qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002516:Ceramics; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D007854:Lead