title: Interstitial shadow on chest CT is associated with the onset of interstitial lung disease caused by chemotherapeutic drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pretreatment computerized tomography (CT) films of the chest was studied to clarify the influence of interstitial shadow on developing interstitial lung disease (ILD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients were those lung cancer patients who started to receive first-line chemotherapy between October 2001 and March 2004. Patients who received thoracic radiotherapy to the primary lesion, mediastinum, spinal or rib metastases were excluded. We reviewed pretreatment conventional CT and plain X-ray films of the chest. Ground-glass opacity, consolidation or reticular shadow without segmental distribution was defined as interstitial shadow, with this event being graded as mild, moderate or severe. If interstitial shadow was detected on CT films of the chest, but not via plain chest X-ray, it was graded as mild. Patients developing ILD were identified from medial records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 502 patients were eligible. Mild, moderate and severe interstitial shadow was identified in 7, 8 and 5% of patients, respectively. A total of 188 patients (37%) received tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, namely gefitinib or erlotinib. Twenty-six patients (5.2%) developed ILD either during or after chemotherapy. Multivariate analyses revealed that interstitial shadow on CT films of the chest and treatment history with TKI were associated with the onset of ILD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is recommended that patients with interstitial shadow on chest CT are excluded from future clinical trials until this issue is further clarified, as it is anticipated that use of chemotherapeutic agents frequently mediate onset of ILD in this context.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwanoha 6-5-1, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niho
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoh
authors.forename: Young Hak
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmatsu
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Nagahiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000009:adverse effects; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014962:X-Ray Film
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D000069347:Erlotinib Hydrochloride; D000077156:Gefitinib