title: Raised serum S100B protein levels in neuropsychiatric lupus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test serum S100B protein levels in patients with and without neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  87 patients with SLE, 23 with and 64 without neuropsychiatric involvement, and 25 control subjects were prospectively evaluated. NPSLE diagnosis was made according to the American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Serum S100B protein levels were determined with a luminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the patients with NPSLE, 9 presented psychosis; 4, cranial neuropathy; 3, cerebrovascular disease; 1, seizures; 1, chorea; 1, peripheral polyneuropathy; 1, multiplex mononeuropathy; 3, dementia. Serum concentrations of S100B protein were significantly higher in patients with NPSLE (median 0.164 ng/ml, interquartile range 0.113-0.332) than in non-NPSLE patients (0.062 ng/ml, 0.026-0.109) and controls (0.088 ng/ml, 0.013-0.124) (p<0.001). Patients with anti-dsDNA antibodies had higher S100B protein levels (p = 0.001). No significant associations were found of lupus activity (among non-NPSLE cases), antiphospholipid antibodies, and reduced complement levels with S100B concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum S100B protein level is raised in NPSLE, reflecting continuing neurological damage. The association of anti-dsDNA antibodies with higher S100B protein concentration deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Schenatto
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bredemeier
authors.forename: L V C
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Portela
authors.forename: A B L
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Tort
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Dedavid e Silva
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: J C T
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brenol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood*; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human