Risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy.
An increasing number of diagnostic imaging and interventional procedures require the use of radiographic contrast agents which has led to a parallel increase in the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). CIN is a serious clinical problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with chronic renal failure (see the Case Report). A key step to minimize CIN is to identify patients at risk of CIN. The aim of the present review was to summarize the knowledge about the risk factors of CIN, including the review of ultimate clinical research and developments.
Toprak
Omer
O
Department of Nephrology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. info@omertoprak.com
Cirit
Mustafa
M
D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
D003287:Contrast Media