title: Abnormal physiological responses to touch among children with persistent feeding difficulties.
abstract: Pediatric feeding/swallowing specialists commonly observe infants and toddlers who present with gagging or significant behavior state changes as a result of touch to oral and body regions. To date, this behavior has not been fully characterized or documented experimentally. This paper describes an exploratory study aimed at filling in these lacunae and providing a possible explanation. The study compares the responses to firm tactile pressure of 40 children between the ages of 3 and 18 months. The experimental group consisted of 20 children (12 males, 8 females) with heterogeneous medical diagnoses, at least 2 weeks of alternative feedings during the first 3 months of life, and a common history of persistent feeding difficulties. The comparison group consisted of 20 children with an unremarkable medical history matched by age and sex to the experimental group. Firm, tactile pressure was applied in a predetermined sequence following dermatome regions from legs to mouth. Response was recorded in terms of presence/absence of gagging and/or behavior state changes. Fifteen of the 20 children in the experimental group showed gagging (14) or inconsolable crying (1) in response to touch. None of the matched comparison group demonstrated either gagging or behavior state changes. The experimental and comparison groups showed significant differences in response to tactile input. Further, the source of these abnormal responses must be sought in similarity of experience across heterogeneous medical diagnoses and interventions. One possible explanation is a history of oral deprivation due to alternative feedings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056-3414, USA. scarbod@muohio.edu
authors.forename: Donna R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Scarborough
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCain
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: August
authors.forename: Jean Neils
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Strinjas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014110:Touch