title: Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 His47Arg polymorphism influences drinking habit independently of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 Glu487Lys polymorphism: analysis of 2,299 Japanese subjects.
abstract: Although the functional effect of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) His(47)Arg polymorphism has been elucidated, its effect on habitual drinking remains unknown. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 2,299 nonalcoholic Japanese subjects (989 men and 1,310 women). Drinking status, ethanol consumption, and physical reaction to one glass of beer were examined with regard to ADH2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) polymorphism. Strength of associations were assessed by age-, sex-, smoking status-, and genotype-adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. ADH2 His/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes showed higher risk for habitual drinking. Among men, ALDH2 genotype- and confounder-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.30 (0.89-1.89) and 3.16 (1.03-9.70), and this trend was significant (P = 0.024). A similar trend was observed among women. The combination genotypes of two polymorphisms revealed the clear effect of the ADH2 Arg allele among those with ALDH2 Glu/Lys in both sexes (P(trend) = 0.007 for men and 0.024 for women). Physical reactions, such as flushing and palpitation, were significantly less common in those with Arg/Arg compared with other ADH2 genotypes, and this was marked when combined with ALDH2 Glu/Lys. Heavy drinker status was also strongly associated with ADH2 Arg alleles. In conclusion, this study showed the strong effect of ADH2 His(47)Arg polymorphism on habitual drinking regardless of ALDH2 genotype.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan. kmatsuo@aichi-cc.jp
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase