title: A recombinant probiotic for treatment and prevention of cholera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have developed a therapeutic strategy based on molecular mimicry of host receptors for bacterial toxins on the surface of harmless gut bacteria. In the present study, this has been applied to the development of a recombinant probiotic for treatment and prevention of cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae.
  
  
  METHODS
  We expressed glycosyltransferase genes from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Campylobacter jejuni in a harmless Escherichia coli strain, resulting in production of a chimeric lipopolysaccharide terminating in a mimic of the ganglioside GM(1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The recombinant bacterium was capable of binding cholera toxin, a sine qua non of virulence, with high avidity; when tested with purified cholera toxin, it was capable of adsorbing >5% of its own weight of toxin in vitro. Administration of the GM(1)-expressing probiotic also protected infant mice against challenge with virulent V cholerae, even when treatment was delayed until after establishment of infection. When treatment commenced 1 hour after challenge, 12 of 12 mice given the probiotic survived, compared with only 1 of 12 for control mice (P < .00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Toxin-binding probiotics such as that described here have considerable potential for prophylaxis and treatment of cholera in humans.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. james.paton@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Focareta
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Paton
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morona
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Adrienne W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Paton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002771:Cholera / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000378:metabolism*; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016695:Glycosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002772:Cholera Toxin; D016695:Glycosyltransferases