title: Expression of the human copper influx transporter 1 in normal and malignant human tissues.
abstract: The major copper influx transporter, copper transporter 1 (hCTR1), controls the cellular accumulation of cisplatin in mammalian cells. The goal of this study was to determine the pattern of hCTR1 expression in normal and malignant human tissues. Tissue arrays were stained with an antibody specific for hCTR1 using standard immunohistochemical techniques. Particularly strong staining was noted in the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets, enteroendocrine cells of the gastric mucosa and bronchioles, C cells of the thyroid, and a subset of cells in the anterior pituitary. Frequency and intensity of hCTR1 staining in malignant tissues reflected the levels found in their normal tissue counterparts. For example, neither normal prostate nor prostate cancers expressed hCTR1, whereas it was commonly expressed in both normal colonic epithelium and in colon carcinomas. Strong staining was observed in a limited number of cases of carcinoid tumors, Ewing's sarcoma, and undifferentiated carcinomas. Although all tissues require copper, expression of hCTR1 was highly variable among normal tissues and among the major human malignancies, with the highest levels found in enteroendocrine cells. No hCTR1 expression was found in several common types of cancer, suggesting that hCTR1 expression is not commonly enhanced by transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathology and the Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0819, USA, and Department of Surgery, Umea University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Holzer
authors.forename: Nissi M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Varki
authors.forename: Quynh T
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naredi
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000079923:Copper Transporter 1; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D000079923:Copper Transporter 1; C490079:SLC31A1 protein, human