title: Evolvable work-centred support systems for command and control: creating systems users can adapt to meet changing demands.
abstract: Military command and control (C2) organizations are complex socio-technical systems which must constantly adapt to meet changing operational requirements. We describe our experiences in developing a work-centred support system (WCSS) to aid weather forecasting and monitoring in a military airlift C2 organization as an illustrative case. As part of the development process we conducted field observations both before and after introduction of the WCSS in their operations centre. A striking finding was the constant changes that operations personnel faced (changes in goals and priorities, changes in scale of operations, changes in team roles and structure, and changes in information sources and systems). We describe the changes in workplace demands that we observed and the modifications we needed to make to the WCSS in response. For today's fielded systems, it is seldom possible to make changes that are responsive to users' changing requirements in a timely manner. We argue for the need to incorporate facilities that enable users to adapt their systems to the changing requirements of work and point to some promising directions towards evolvable work-centred support systems.
authors.affiliation: Roth Cognitive Engineering, Brookline, MA, USA. emroth@mindspring.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuper
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stilson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wampler
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D003657:Decision Making; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel; D010934:Planning Techniques; D012985:Software Design; D013597:Systems Analysis; D014887:Weather; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration*