title: Effects of extra immunization efforts on routine immunization at district level in Pakistan.
abstract: A study was made of the effects of extra immunization activities on routine immunization coverage at district level in Pakistan in a secondary analysis of data from UNICEF and the Pakistan national census. Linear regression analysis was made on data from 107 districts to estimate the effects of extra immunization efforts in the national neonatal tetanus programme on the coverage rate of the third dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT3) after controlling for other potential confounding factors. The districts that implemented extra national neonatal tetanus immunization were at risk of having lower routine DPT3 coverage than those that did not. Additional immunization efforts, without additional resources, may reduce the effect of the routine Expanded Programme on Immunization.
authors.affiliation: Macro International, Calverton, Maryland, USA. rathavuth.hong@orcmacro.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Banta
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D004522:Educational Status; D004560:Electricity; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011156:Population Density; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television; D013742:Tetanus / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014480:United Nations; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine