title: Canine vaccination--providing broader benefits for disease control.
abstract: This paper reviews the broader benefits of canine vaccination to human and animal health and welfare with an emphasis on the impacts of mass dog vaccination against rabies in countries of the less-developed world. Domestic dogs are the source of infection for the vast majority (>95%) of cases of human rabies worldwide, and dogs remain the principal reservoir throughout Africa and Asia. Canine vaccination against rabies has been shown to dramatically reduce the number of cases in dogs, the incidence of human animal-bite injuries (and hence the demand for costly post-exposure prophylaxis) and the likely number of human cases, primarily in children. Further benefits include the mitigation of the psychological consequences of rabies in a community, improved attitudes towards animals and animal welfare and reduced livestock losses from canine rabies. Mass vaccination has recently been used in the conservation management of wild carnivore populations threatened by transmission of rabies and canine distemper virus from domestic dog populations. Vaccination of wildlife hosts directly may also provide an option for mitigating infectious disease threats. The development of integrated control measures involving public health, veterinary, wildlife conservation and animal welfare agencies is needed to ensure that control of canine diseases becomes a reality in Africa and Asia. The tools and delivery systems are all available--all that is needed is the political will to free the world from the ongoing tragedy of these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Wildlife and Emerging Disease Section, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK. sarah.cleaveland@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cleaveland
authors.forename: Magai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaare
authors.forename: Darryn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knobel
authors.forename: M Karen
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Laurenson
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000835:Animals, Wild; D003906:Developing Countries; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D011634:Public Health; D011818:Rabies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D011819:Rabies Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D011819:Rabies Vaccines