title: Prognostic significance of activated AKT expression in soft-tissue sarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  AKT is a serine/threonine kinase which is important in tumorigenesis. Several molecules involved in AKT pathway are dysregulated in various kinds of human cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three patients (53 males and 40 females), ages ranging from 19 to 77 years (median, 57 years), with localized soft-tissue sarcomas arising in the trunk and extremities, were analyzed. Immunoperoxidase procedure (avidin-biotin complex method) was done on paraffin-embedded sections with anti-phosphorylated AKT (Thr308), anti-phosphorylated p44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204), anti-phosphorylated forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma (FKHR) (Ser256), and anti-Ki 67 antibodies. Expression levels of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated FKHR (p-FKHR) were categorized as either weaker (level 1) or equal to or stronger (level 2) compared with those in the endothelial cells of the same specimens. Percentage of cells showing intranuclear staining with Ki-67 was shown as the Ki-67 labeling index (LI). Cases were divided into two groups: level 1, Ki-67 LI < 20%; level 2, Ki-67 LI > or = 20%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six (28.0%), 6 (6.5%), and 46 (44.1%) of the tumors showed level 2 expression for p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, and Ki-67 LI, respectively. Tumors with level 2 p-AKT expression showed a higher ratio of level 2 p-FKHR expression (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed p-AKT expression and Ki-67 LI to be independent prognosticators for overall survival, and p-AKT expression for disease-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p-AKT expression level is a significant prognosticator in soft-tissue sarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan. yt@molpath.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Takaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morooka
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hoshida
authors.forename: Binglin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Itsuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kudawara
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aozasa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011379:Prognosis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: C085126:FOXO1 protein, human; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3