title: Norwalk virus-specific binding to oyster digestive tissues.
abstract: The primary pathogens related to shellfish-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks are noroviruses. These viruses show persistence in oysters, which suggests an active mechanism of virus concentration. We investigated whether Norwalk virus or viruslike particles bind specifically to oyster tissues after bioaccumulation or addition to tissue sections. Since noroviruses attach to carbohydrates of the histo-blood group family, tests using immunohistochemical analysis were performed to evaluate specific binding of virus or viruslike particles to oyster tissues through these ligands. Viral particles bind specifically to digestive ducts (midgut, main and secondary ducts, and tubules) by carbohydrate structures with a terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residue in an alpha linkage (same binding site used for recognition of human histo-blood group antigens). These data show that the oyster can selectively concentrate a human pathogen and that conventional depuration will not eliminate noroviruses from oyster tissue.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Nantes, France. sleguyad@ifremer.fr
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Guyader
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Loisy
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Atmar
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ruvoën-Clouet
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pommepuy
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Le Pendu
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D009663:Norwalk virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D017354:Point Mutation
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D007983:Lewis Blood Group Antigens