title: Presence and growth of Bacillus cereus in dehydrated potato flakes and hot-held, ready-to-eat potato products purchased in New Zealand.
abstract: Potato products prepared from dehydrated potato flakes have been implicated in foodborne illness incidents involving Bacillus cereus intoxications. B. cereus can survive as spores in potato flakes and can germinate and multiply in the rehydrated product. This study assessed the frequency and concentration of B. cereus in dehydrated potato flakes and hot-held, ready-to-eat mashed potato products. Of 50 packets of potato flakes tested, eight contained greater than 100 CFU/g B. cereus (maximum 370 CFU/g). The temperature of the potato portion of 44 hot-held food products was measured immediately after purchase, and 86% were below the safe hot-holding temperature of 60 degrees C. The potato portions were subsequently tested for B. cereus. Only two of the potato portions contained B. cereus at greater than 100 CFU/g, a potato-topped pastry (1000 CFU/g) and a container of potato and gravy (120 CFU/g). To assess multiplication of B. cereus in this food, we held rehydrated potato flakes with naturally occurring B. cereus at 37, 42, and 50 degrees C and tested them over 6 h. By 6 h, the number of B. cereus in potato stored at 37 degrees C had exceeded 10(3) CFU/g, was greater than 10(4) CFU/g at 50 degrees C, and was close to 10(6) CFU/g at 42 degrees C. Growth data were compared to predictions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP 7.0). The PMP predictions were found to simulate the measured growth better at 42 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Hot-held potato products should be safe for consumption if held at 60 degrees C or above or discarded within 2 h.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Science & Research Limited, P.O. Box 29-181, Christchurch, New Zealand. nicola.turner@esr.cri.nz
authors.forename: Nicola J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: J Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kaltovei
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000382:microbiology*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins