title: Is there a role for serum endothelin in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute pancreatitis remains a common presentation to acute surgical units and carries significant morbidity and mortality. The progression of the disease to necrotizing pancreatitis and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is associated with a very poor clinical outcome, and persistently high mortality. Increases in serum endothelin (ET) have been seen in animal models of acute pancreatitis and this study aims to investigate whether there is a change in serum ET-1 in patients with acute pancreatitis and whether any such change is linked to disease severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients admitted with acute pancreatitis were prospectively recruited from the emergency admissions at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital. Serum ET levels were determined on admission, at 24 hours and 5 days post admission. Healthy adult controls were recruited from dermatology outpatients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 patients joined the trial after giving informed consent. There were 3 men and 18 women with a median age of 65 years (range 26-87 years). Serum ET levels were significantly higher in acute pancreatitis patients than in normal controls (P<0.05). An association was seen between persistently raised serum ET levels and progression to MODS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study does demonstrate a correlation between the circulating levels of ET and acute pancreatitis in humans, although it does not elicit its involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. The observation that a persistently high level of circulating ET-1 is associated with progression to MODS may indicate a role for ET in the monitoring of acute pancreatitis patients for recovery or progression to MODS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Norfolk, England. jj@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010186:Pancreatic Function Tests; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016232:Endothelins