title: Extended monitoring of hemostatic activation after varicose vein surgery under general anesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative heparin prophylaxis after stripping of the long saphenous vein is a matter of controversial discussion, and practices vary by surgeon and country.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the extent of hypercoagulability by continued monitoring of activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis for a period of 3 weeks after stripping of the long saphenous vein and concomitant phlebectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Including 21 patients, the following markers were measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21: Activation products of coagulation: thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), thrombus precursor protein (TPP), and prothrombin-fragment F1+2 (F1+2), and markers of fibrinolysis: plasmin-alpha(2)-antiplasmin complexes (PAP), D-Dimer, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) antigen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAT levels increased significantly until day 3 (p=.008) and normalized within 14 days. TPP levels increased significantly until day 7 (p=.02), decreasing to initial values within 21 days. PAP complexes increased significantly until day 2 (p=.02) reducing to baseline within the observation period. D-Dimer levels increased immediately after surgery (p<.001) until day 14 (p<.001) and returned to baseline until day 21.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant hemostatic activation after varicose vein surgery was observed and persisted until 3 weeks postoperatively, indicating that heparin prophylaxis for 2 to 3 weeks is advisable for at-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Division of General Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. gabriele.hinterhuber@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hinterhuber
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Böhler
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kittler
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quehenberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin / Q000032:analysis*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000032:analysis*; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011516:Prothrombin; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000601:surgery*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C037742:plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; C465961:thrombus precursor protein, human; D011516:Prothrombin; D005337:Fibrin; D005341:Fibrinolysin