title: The reverse posterior interosseous flap: A solution for flap necrosis based on a review of 87 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relationship of the flap necrosis to the placement of the flaps on the forearm was outlined and a solution in avoiding flap necrosis is discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship of the flap necrosis to the placement of the flaps on the forearm was investigated in 87 consecutive posterior interosseous island flaps used for the reconstruction of the hand and wrist. Fifty-eight flaps were taken from the middle and proximal thirds of the forearm, the distal edges being within the middle third of the forearm in 24 and the distal edges being within the distal third of the forearm in 34. Twenty-nine flaps were harvested within the boundaries of the distal two-thirds of the forearm, the distal edge being proximal to the distal third of the forearm in 23 and the distal edge being distal to the third of the forearm in six. The Length of the flaps varied from 6.5 cm to 12 cm. The pedicle length measure 4-13 cm. The number of perforators for each flap was recorded also.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flaps survived complete in 78 (89.6%) patients. Six patients had superficial necrosis of the distal part of the flap (6.8%). Three flaps were totally lost and alternative coverage was used (3.8%). The flaps that ended up with partial necrosis appeared to be in related to the site it was taken from. One flap with total necrosis and one with partial ncrosis were taken within the boundaries of the proximal third of the forearm while the distal edge was proximal to the level of distal third. One flap with total necrosis and one with partial necrosis were taken from the proximal third of the forearm while their distal edge were at the limits of the distal third of the forearm. The remaining flap ending up with total necrosis was taken from the distal third of the forearm with a short pedicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the reverse posterior interosseous flap to be reliable the flap should include the septocutaneous perforators in the distal third of the forearm. To cover distant defects reliably by a flap with a long pedicle, the flap should extend up to the distal third of the forearm to include a piece of skin with numerous perforators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery, Ankara Hand Surgery, Mesrutiyet Cad. 32/4 Yenisehir, 06640 Ankara, Turkey. mikroel@ttnet.net.tr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akinci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamiloglu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erçetin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005543:Forearm Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*