title: Pleural effusions of extravascular origin.
abstract: Most pleural effusions are caused by hydrostatic and oncotic pressure imbalance, inflammation or infection, or abnormalities in lymphatic drainage. A select number of effusions are caused by fluid of extravascular origin. Some of these effusions result from complications of treatment, whereas others are a ramification of the underlying disease. The incidence, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, chest radiographic manifestations, pleural fluid analysis, diagnosis, and management are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 812-CSB, PO Box 250630, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. sahnsa@musc.edu
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sahn
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous; D002916:Chylothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016156:Respiratory Tract Fistula / Q000209:etiology; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000009:adverse effects