title: Videofluoroscopic kinesiologic analysis of swallowing: defining a standard plane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Videofluorographic Swallowing Study (VFSS) has become the routine method for assessing swallowing dysfunction and accordingly, much research has been conducted on this procedure. However, due to a lack of standardization of the method of analysis of VFSS, it is often difficult to compare the results of such studies. Therefore, we conducted a comparative study of VFSS's spatial measurement using different standard planes used in the past study and Camper's plane and examined which plane was the most preferable.
  
  
  METHODS
  VFSS was performed on 20 healthy young volunteers (26.9 +/- 3 years) and 9 healthy elderly (77.3 +/- 3 years). Each subject swallowed 4ml of thin liquid barium. We measured hyoid displacement and opening of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) by using four different standard planes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the young group, the correlation between anterior hyoid displacement and UES opening was significant in all standard planes. In the elderly group, the correlation between anterior hyoid displacement and UES opening was significant only in Camper's plane. Moreover, this plane is hard to be affected by morphological change as ageing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Camper's plane was found to be as the most preferable plane for analyzing swallowing function.
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology, Department of Gerodontology, Division of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan. fujigerd@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tohara
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: Shino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uematsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002508:Cephalometry; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D049631:Esophageal Sphincter, Upper / Q000502:physiology; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000502:physiology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012015:Reference Standards; D014741:Video Recording