title: Fast mass transport through sub-2-nanometer carbon nanotubes.
abstract: We report gas and water flow measurements through microfabricated membranes in which aligned carbon nanotubes with diameters of less than 2 nanometers serve as pores. The measured gas flow exceeds predictions of the Knudsen diffusion model by more than an order of magnitude. The measured water flow exceeds values calculated from continuum hydrodynamics models by more than three orders of magnitude and is comparable to flow rates extrapolated from molecular dynamics simulations. The gas and water permeabilities of these nanotube-based membranes are several orders of magnitude higher than those of commercial polycarbonate membranes, despite having pore sizes an order of magnitude smaller. These membranes enable fundamental studies of mass transport in confined environments, as well as more energy-efficient nanoscale filtration.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Hyung Gyu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yinmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stadermann
authors.forename: Alexander B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Artyukhin
authors.forename: Costas P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Grigoropoulos
authors.forename: Aleksandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noy
authors.forename: Olgica
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bakajin