title: Confirmatory factor structure of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) in mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) is a frequently-used self-report measure of depressive symptom severity. Brief depression screening measures can be important in the identification and prediction of depression following traumatic brain injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the validity of the CES-D in measuring depressive symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate TBI as it has been rarely used in neurologically compromised populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CES-D was administered to 340 participants with mild-to-moderate TBI at 3-months post-injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D indicated that the data are a reasonable fit similar to that of Radloff 's original 4-factor model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the CES-D may be appropriate for use in patients with mild-to-moderate TBI.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Alliance of Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. mccauley@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedroza
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Corwin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boake
authors.forename: Harvey S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Heather S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Shirley G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Merritt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results