title: Rodenticide grain bait ingredient acceptance by Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae).
abstract: Vertebrate pest control in California is often accomplished through the use of rodenticide grain baits. These grain baits are composed of steam-rolled oats (SRO), a toxicant, an indicator dye and an oil combination. A series of tests were performed to determine the effects of various dye and oil formulations on acceptance of grain bait by Norway rats [Rattus norvegicus (Berk)], California ground squirrels [Spermophilus beecheyi (Richardson)] and pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae Eyd & Gerv). Seven different dyes, four oil formulations and clean (untreated) oats were tested for acceptance. The addition of the selected oils and dyes to grain resulted in no significant differences in consumption. This indicates that there is a wide variety of dyes that could be used in the formulation of rodenticides. These alternatives could aid in proper pesticide use, the deterrence of bait consumption by birds and possibly in ingredient adhesion to the finished bait.
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, and Farm and Home Advisors Office, UC Cooperative Extension, 5555 Overland Ave., Suite 4101, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. tpsalmon@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Terrell P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Ned A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Dochtermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D046348:Gophers / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008899:Mineral Oil; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D051381:Rats / Q000502:physiology*; D012378:Rodenticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012450:Safflower Oil; D012589:Sciuridae / Q000502:physiology*; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D012378:Rodenticides; D012450:Safflower Oil; D008899:Mineral Oil