title: Modern surgical and interventional options for the management of heart failure.
abstract: Current standard drug therapy provides only palliative and symptomatic relief for patients with severe heart failure, but there is now a wide array of device applications that holds great promise for reducing the mortality and disability that result from heart failure. Patients with severe chronic and refractory heart failure should be considered for heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory supportwith a ventricular assist device. Newer surgical and interventional treatments are in continuous evolution.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Fellow, Division of Cardiology, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wasson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Hanumanth K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D047548:Defibrillators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006354:Heart, Artificial; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans