title: A GPI-anchored co-receptor for tissue factor pathway inhibitor controls its intracellular trafficking and cell surface expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) lacks a membrane attachment signal but it remains associated with the endothelial surface via its association with an, as yet, unidentified glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored co-receptor.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Cellular trafficking of TFPI within aerolysin-resistant ECV304 and EA.hy926 cells, which do not express GPI-anchored proteins on their surface, was compared with their wild-type counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although aerolysin-resistant cells produce normal amounts of TFPI mRNA, TFPI is not expressed on the cell surface and total cellular TFPI is greatly decreased compared with wild-type cells. Additionally, normal, not increased, amounts of TFPI are secreted into conditioned media indicating that TFPI is degraded within the aerolysin-resistant cells. Confocal microscopy and studies using metabolic inhibitors demonstrate that aerolysin-resistant cells produce TFPI and transport it into the Golgi with subsequent degradation in lysosomes. The experimental results provide no evidence that cell surface TFPI originates from secreted TFPI that binds back to a GPI-anchored protein. Instead, the data suggest that TFPI tightly, but reversibly, binds to a GPI anchored co-receptor in the ER/Golgi. The co-receptor then acts as a molecular chaperone for TFPI by trafficking it to the cell surface of wild-type cells or to lysosomes of aerolysin-resistant cells. TFPI that escapes co-receptor binding is secreted through the same pathway in both wild-type and aerolysin-resistant cells. The data provide a framework for understanding how TFPI is expressed on endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Maroney
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haberichter
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mansbach
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dietzen
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mast
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008074:Lipoproteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051928:lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor; C032676:aerolysin