title: Mechanical traction for mechanical neck disorders: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether mechanical traction, either alone or in combination with other treatments, improves pain, function/disability, patient satisfaction and global perceived effect in adults with mechanical neck disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic review up to September 2004 of randomized controlled trials and used pre-defined levels of evidence for qualitative analysis. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection, data abstraction and methodological quality assessment. Using a random effects model, relative risk and standardized mean differences were calculated. The reasonableness of combining studies was assessed on clinical and statistical grounds. In the absence of heterogeneity, pooled effect measures were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 10 selected trials, one study was of high quality. Our review revealed low-quality trials for mechanical neck disorders, showing evidence of benefit favouring intermittent traction for pain reduction. Continuous traction showed no significant difference for defined outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inconclusive evidence for continuous and intermittent traction exists due to trial methodological quality. Two clinical conclusions may be drawn, one favouring the use of intermittent traction and the other not supporting the use of continuous traction. Attention to research design flaws and description of traction characteristics is needed.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada. nadinelino@sympatico.ca
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Anita R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D020127:Recovery of Function; D014143:Traction / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*