title: A novel set-shifting modification of the iowa gambling task: flexible emotion-based learning in schizophrenia.
abstract: Although it might seem that people with schizophrenia would perform poorly on measures of emotion-based learning, several studies have shown normal levels of performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; C. E. Y. Evans, C. H. Bowman, & O. H. Turnbull, 2005; L. M. Ritter, J. H. Meador-Woodruff, & G. W. Dalack, 2004; B. Shurman, W. P. Horan, & K. H. Nuechterlein, 2005; K. E. Wilder, D. R. Weinberger, & T. E. Goldberg, 1998). The present article describes a newly developed modification of the IGT involving initial familiarization with the basic contingency pattern then 3 periods of contingency shift. Control participants showed substantial gains during the later trials of each shift period. Analyzed in terms of positive symptoms, those with schizophrenia were little different from control participants. Those high in negative symptoms could perform the basic task but showed remarkably poor performances (no better than chance) in the shift phases, retaining a preference for decks that had previously been "good," even when they experienced substantial losses.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Wales.
authors.forename: Oliver H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Wales.
authors.forename: Cathryn E Y
authors.initials: CEY
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Wales.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kemish
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3797-4776
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Wales.
authors.forename: Caroline H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bowman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*