title: Expression of carbonic anhydrases IX and XII during mouse embryonic development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Of the thirteen active carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, CA IX and XII have been linked to carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that these membrane-bound CAs participate in cancer cell invasion, which is facilitated by an acidic tumor cell environment. Since active cell migration is a characteristic feature of embryonic development, we set out to explore whether these isozymes are expressed in mouse embryos of different ages. The studies were focused on organogenesis stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that both CA IX and XII are present in several tissues of the developing mouse embryo during organogenesis. Staining for CA IX revealed a relatively wide distribution pattern with moderate signals in the brain, lung, pancreas and liver and weak signals in the kidney and stomach. The expression pattern of CA XII in the embryonic tissues was also relatively broad, although the intensity of immunostaining was weak in most tissues. The CA XII-positive tissues included the brain, where the most prominent staining was seen in the choroid plexus, and the stomach, pancreas, liver and kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Membrane-bound CA isozymes IX and XII are expressed in various tissues during mouse organogenesis. These enzymes may regulate ion and pH homeostasis within the developing embryo.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 8, FIN-33520 Tampere, Finland. heini.kallio@uta.fi
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kallio
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pastorekova
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pastorek
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Waheed
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Sly
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mannisto
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heikinheimo
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parkkila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; C477378:carbonic anhydrase XII; C492796:Car9 protein, mouse