The impact of improved wood-burning stoves on fine particulate matter concentrations in rural Mexican homes.
To evaluate the impact of improved wood burning stoves on indoor air pollution, 53 homes in a rural town in Michoacán, Mexico, were selected from a health intervention study and monitored before and after receiving improved wood-burning stoves. Fine particulate matter--particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5))--concentrations were measured in the central plaza of the community and in three microenvironments in the home (next to the stove, in the kitchen away from the stove, and outdoor patio). Forty-eight hour mean PM(2.5) concentrations in homes that burned wood in open fires were 693 microg/m(3) (95% CI: 246-1338) near the stove, 658 microg/m(3) (95% CI: 67-1448) in the kitchen away from the stove, and 94 microg/m(3) (95% CI: 36-236) on the patio. Mean ambient 24-h concentrations in the main plaza of the community were 59 microg/m(3) (95% CI: 29-92). Paired measurements before and after the installation of the Patsari improved wood-burning stove indicate a median 71% reduction in PM(2.5) concentrations near the stove and 58% reductions in kitchen concentrations, whereas patio and main plaza concentrations remain unaffected. Only 44% of participants reported to use their Patsari stoves exclusively during the transition period. Even with the predominant mixed use of the Patsari stove with open fires, estimated daily average personal exposures to PM(2.5) were reduced by 50%.
Zuk
Miriam
M
General Directorate of Research on Urban, Regional and Global Pollution, National Institute of Ecology/SEMARNAT, Mexico City, Mexico. mzuk@alum.mit.edu
Rojas
Leonora
L
Blanco
Salvador
S
Serrano
Paulina
P
Cruz
Jephte
J
Angeles
Felipe
F
Tzintzun
Guadalupe
G
Armendariz
Cynthia
C
Edwards
Rufus D
RD
Johnson
Michael
M
Riojas-Rodriguez
Horacio
H
Masera
Omar
O
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D003296:Cooking; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008800:Mexico; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012424:Rural Population; D014934:Wood
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter