title: Biological monitoring of organophosphate pesticides in preschool children in an agricultural community in Thailand.
abstract: Organophosphate pesticide exposures of preschool children in a Thailand agricultural community and reference children living outside the farm area in the same subdistrict were determined. Levels of dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured in first-morning-void urine samples. During the dry season (April-May), the farm children excreted significantly higher levels of all DAP metabolites than the reference children did (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05; Wilcoxon signed-rank text, p < 0.05). During the wet season (September-October), DAP metabolite levels were similar in the two groups. Reference children showed no significant difference related to season. Pesticide spraying during the dry season is a likely cause of the farm children's organophosphate exposures.
authors.affiliation: Chulalongkorn University at the National Center for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management, nnn, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chidhathai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petchuay
authors.forename: Parichart
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Visuthismajarn
authors.forename: Banjong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vitayavirasak
authors.forename: Paromita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hore
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012424:Rural Population; D012621:Seasons; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010755:Organophosphates; D010573:Pesticide Residues