title: A longitudinal study of the influence of smoking on the onset of obesity at a telecommunications company in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the influence of smoking on the onset of obesity. METHODS.: A 5-year follow-up study was carried out on 25,312 workers at the time of their annual health check-up from 1992 to 1997. Pooled logistic regression analyses by sex were performed with age, working conditions and lifestyle as independent variables and the onset of obesity (BMI> or =26.4) as a dependent variable adjusted for the time period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In males, the following factors increased the risk of the onset of obesity: smoking equal to or more than 20 cigarettes per day (versus nonsmokers), monthly holidays fewer than 5 days (versus >7 days), one-way commute more than 90 min (versus< or =60 min), sleeping less than 5 h, moderate and high preference for fatty meals (versus little preference). In females, 30-39 years, 40-49 years and 50-59 years (versus 20-29 years), being an ex-smoker, smoking fewer than 20 cigarettes per day, smoking equal to or more than 20 cigarettes per day (versus nonsmokers, respectively) and high preference for fatty meals (versus little preference) increased the risk of the onset of obesity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that smoking independently increases the risk of the onset of obesity regardless of sex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (A2), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watari
authors.forename: Mirei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uetani
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suwazono
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Natsuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinouchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016272:Occupational Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013685:Telecommunications