title: Adenoviral vectors encoding tumor necrosis factor-alpha and FasL induce apoptosis of normal and tumoral anterior pituitary cells.
abstract: Our previous work showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and FasL induce apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells. To further analyze the effect of these proapoptotic factors, we infected primary cultures from rat anterior pituitary, GH3 and AtT20 cells with first-generation adenoviral vectors encoding TNF-alpha, FasL or, as a control, beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal), under the control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter. Successful expression of the encoded transgenes was determined by immunocytochemistry. Although we observed basal expression of TNF-alpha and FasL in control cultures of anterior pituitary cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) cell cycle analysis showed that the overexpression of TNF-alpha or FasL increases the percentage of hypodiploid lactotropes and somatotropes. Nuclear morphology and TUNEL staining revealed that the cells undergo an apoptotic death process. We detected strong immunoreactivity for TNFR1 and Fas in the somatolactotrope cell line GH3. TNF-alpha, but not FasL, was expressed in control cultures of GH3 cells. The infection of GH3 cells with adenovirus encoding TNF-alpha or FasL increased the percentages of hypodiploid and TUNEL-positive cells. TNF-alpha or FasL immunoreactivity was not observed in the corticotrope cell line AtT20. However, adenovirus encoding TNF-alpha or FasL efficiently transduced these cells and increased the percentages of hypodiploid and TUNEL-positive cells. The expression of beta-Gal was detected in all these cultures but did not affect cell viability. In conclusion, these results suggest that death signaling cascades triggered by TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and Fas are present in both normal and tumoral pituitary cells. Therefore, overexpression of proapoptotic factors could be a useful tool in the therapy of pituitary adenomas.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones en Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires (C1121ABG), Argentina.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Candolfi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jaita
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pisera
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barcia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seilicovich
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505662:Faslg protein, rat; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors