Philip Morris's Project Sunrise: weakening tobacco control by working with it.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse the implications of Philip Morris USA's (PM's) overtures toward tobacco control and other public health organisations, 1995-2006.


METHODS
Internal PM documents made available through multi-state US attorneys general lawsuits and other cases, and newspaper sources.


METHODS
Documents were retrieved from several industry documents websites and analysed using a case study approach.


RESULTS
PM's Project Sunrise, initiated in 1995 and proposed to continue through 2006, was a long-term plan to address tobacco industry delegitimisation and ensure the social acceptability of smoking and of the company itself. Project Sunrise laid out an explicit divide-and-conquer strategy against the tobacco control movement, proposing the establishment of relationships with PM-identified "moderate" tobacco control individuals and organisations and the marginalisation of others. PM planned to use "carefully orchestrated efforts" to exploit existing differences of opinion within tobacco control, weakening its opponents by working with them. PM also planned to thwart tobacco industry delegitimisation by repositioning itself as "responsible". We present evidence that these plans were implemented.


CONCLUSIONS
Sunrise exposes differences within the tobacco control movement that should be further discussed. The goal should not be consensus, but a better understanding of tensions within the movement. As the successes of the last 25 years embolden advocates to think beyond passage of the next clean indoor air policy or funding of the next cessation programme, movement philosophical differences may become more important. If tobacco control advocates are not ready to address them, Project Sunrise suggests that Philip Morris is ready to exploit them.
McDaniel
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PA
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco 94118, USA.
Smith
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EA
Malone
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D001294:Attitude to Health; D006801:Humans; D011406:Propaganda; D011634:Public Health; D011641:Public Relations; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014481:United States