title: Community-based therapy for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goals were to describe the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among children, to examine the tolerability of second-line antituberculosis agents among children, and to report the outcomes of children treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in poor urban communities in Lima, Peru, a city with high tuberculosis prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of data for 38 children <15 years of age with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, either documented with drug sensitivity testing of the child's tuberculosis isolate or suspected on the basis of the presence of clinical symptoms for a child with a household contact with documented multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, was performed. All 38 children initiated a supervised individualized treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis between July 1999 and July 2003. Each child received 18 to 24 months of therapy with > or =5 first- or second-line drugs to which their Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was presumed to be sensitive.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five percent of the children had malnutrition or anemia at the time of diagnosis, 29% had severe radiographic findings (defined as bilateral or cavitary disease), and 13% had extrapulmonary disease. Forty-five percent of the children were hospitalized initially because of the severity of illness. Adverse events were observed for 42% of the children, but no events required suspension of therapy for >5 days. Ninety-five percent of the children (36 of 38 children) achieved cures or probable cures, 1 child (2.5%) died, and 1 child (2.5%) defaulted from therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis disease among children can be treated successfully in resource-poor settings. Treatment is well tolerated by children, and severe adverse events with second-line agents are rare.
authors.affiliation: Social Medicine and Health Inequalities, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02120, USA. pdrobac@partners.org
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Drobac
authors.forename: Joia S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: J Keith
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitnick
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Furin
authors.forename: Hernán
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: del Castillo
authors.forename: Sonya S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Mercedes C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Becerra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy*