title: In vitro caries formation in primary tooth enamel: role of argon laser irradiation and remineralizing solution treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors evaluated the effects of argon laser (AL) diation and remineralizing solution (RS) treatment alone and in combination on carieslike lesion formation in primary tooth enamel in an in vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors divided 10 caries free primary tooth enamel surfaces into four segments and assigned them to one of four treatment groups: no treatment control, AL irradiation alone at 13.5 joules per square centimeters (0.270 watts, 5-millimeter beam, 10 seconds), RS treatment alone for two minutes and AL irradiation before RS treatment. The authors created in vitro caries using a modified ten Cate solution. They evaluated longitudinal sections (three per tooth segment, 30 per treatment group) for mean lesion depth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After lesion formation, mean lesion depths (+/- standard deviation) were 179 +/- 16 micrometers for the no treatment controls, 137 +/- 19 microm for AL irradiation alone, 87 +/- 9 microm for RS treatment alone and 68 +/- 12 microm for AL irradiation before RS treatment. All treatment groups had mean lesion depths that were significantly less than those for the matched no-treatment control group (analysis of variance [ANOVA], Duncan multiple range [DMR] test, P < .05). AL irradiation before RS treatment significantly reduced lesion depth compared with AL irradiation alone or RS treatment alone (ANOVA, DMR test, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The maximum reduction in lesion depth in primary tooth enamel was achieved when the RS--which contained calcium, phosphate and fluoride in a carbopol base--was combined with AL irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It would appear that to improve clinical caries resistance to enamel dissolution, AL irradiation before RS treatment could be used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Creighton University Medical Center, School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. ghwester@creighton.edu
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Westerman
authors.forename: M John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Flaitz
authors.forename: G Lynn
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003747:Dental Enamel Solubility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010710:Phosphates; D011145:Polyvinyls; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium