title: Formation of metal agglomerates during carbonisation of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood waste: Comparison between a lab scale and an industrial plant.
abstract: This paper compares the results obtained by scanning electron microscopy coupled to X-ray analysis (SEM-EDXA) of the solid product after carbonisation of treated wood waste in a lab scale and in an industrial installation. These setups (lab scale and industrial) are characterized by different operating conditions of the carbonisation process. Moreover, the wood waste input to the processes differs significantly. From this study, it is clear that some similarities but also some differences exist between the lab scale study and the study with the industrial Chartherm plant. In both reactors, a metal (and mineral) agglomeration process takes place, even in the case of untreated wood. The agglomerates initially present in the wood input may serve as a seed for the metal agglomeration process during "chartherisation". The industrial setup leads to a broader range of agglomerates' size (0.1-50 microm) and composition (all possible combinations of Cu, Cr, As and wood minerals). Some agglomerates contain the three metals but the major part is a combination of wood minerals and one or two of the three preservative metals, while all agglomerates analysed in the lab scale product contain the three metals. The separate influence of wood input characteristics and process conditions cannot be derived from these experiments, but the observations suggest that the higher the CCA retention in the wood input is, the easier is the metal agglomeration process during chartherisation of CCA treated wood waste. From the analyses performed in this study it seems that copper behaves differently in the sense that it agglomerates easily, but the resulting particles are small (<1 microm).
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Division of Applied Mechanics and Energy Conversion, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300A, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium. lieve.helsen@mech.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Helsen
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hacala
mesh_terms: D001149:Arsenates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007753:Laboratories; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013696:Temperature; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D007220:Industrial Waste; D002857:Chromium; C040890:chromated copper arsenate; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D001151:Arsenic