Effects of athletic strength and endurance exercise training in young humans on plasma endothelin-1 concentration and arterial distensibility.
Strength exercise training induces a decrease in arterial distensibility, whereas endurance exercise training causes an increase in arterial distensibility. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is produced by vascular endothelial cells, has potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative activity on vascular smooth muscle cells. We hypothesized that endogenous ET-1 participates in alteration of arterial distensibility by different exercise training types (i.e., strength and endurance exercise training). The purpose of the present study was to investigate plasma ET-1 concentration and arterial distensibility in strength- and endurance-trained athletes. Subjects were male strength-trained athletes (discus, hammer, or javelin throwers; 22.2 years; SA), male endurance-trained athletes (long- or middle-distance runners; 20.7 years; EA), and sedentary healthy men (20.6 years; sedentary control, SC). Maximum hand-grip strength was markedly greater in SA compared with EA and SC (55.3 vs. 41.1 vs. 40.5 kg, P < 0.05). Maximum oxygen uptake was markedly greater in EA than in SA and SC (60.9 vs. 43.1 vs. 43.6 ml/kg/min, P < 0.05). Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is an index of arterial distensibility, was significantly higher in SA than in EA and SC (688 vs. 529 vs. 601 cm/sec, P < 0.05). In EA, PWV was significantly lower in comparison to that in SC (P < 0.05). Thus arterial distensibility was lower in SA than in EA and SC and higher in EA than in SC. Plasma ET-1 concentration was significantly higher in SA compared with EA and SC (1.64 vs. 1.12 vs. 1.24 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Plasma ET-1 concentration tended to be lower in EA than in SC. These results suggest that the difference in plasma ET-1 level may participate in the mechanism underlying different adaptation of arterial distensibility between strength- and endurance-trained athletes.
Otsuki
Takeshi
T
Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan.
Maeda
Seiji
S
Iemitsu
Motoyuki
M
Saito
Yoko
Y
Tanimura
Yuko
Y
Ajisaka
Ryuichi
R
Goto
Katsutoshi
K
Miyauchi
Takashi
T
D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*
D019332:Endothelin-1