title: Trends in medical student use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs in an Irish university, 1973-2002.
abstract: Questionnaire surveys of medical students in an Irish university were carried out in 1973 (n=765), 1990 (n=522) and 2002 (n=537), with differentiation of western students (e.g., from the Republic of Ireland, the UK, or Australia) and non-western students (e.g., Malaysia). We report on changes in tobacco smoking, drinking and drug-taking over three decades, and we note that, among western students, estimated prevalence of being a current smoker has declined overall from 28.8% in 1973 to 15.3% in 1990 to 9.2% in 2002 (p<0.001), falling in both males (p<0.001) and females (p<0.01). Ex-smokers rose from 5.9% to 15.1% between 1990 and 2002, corresponding with the decline in current smokers. The prevalence of current drinkers has risen over the period, to 82.5% among western students in 2002 (p<0.05); female drinking has increased steadily since 1973 (p<0.001), and the overall proportion of CAGE-positive drinkers has risen since 1990 (p<0.001). The mean weekly alcohol consumption has risen in both sexes since 1990 (males 14.3 units to 19.4, p<0.01; females 6.0 to 9.5, p<0.001). There was an increase in the proportion of students ever offered drugs between 1973 and 2002 (p<0.001). Although smoking rates have fallen, our findings show a marked increase in alcohol and drug consumption between 1973 and 2002. Personal misuse of addictive substances by doctors may mean that doctors will fail to take misuse by patients seriously. A need for preventative and ameliorative action during the medical school years is clear.
authors.affiliation: UCD School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scallan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herity
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horgan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bourke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000639:trends*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007494:Ireland; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000639:trends*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires