title: Properties and dissemination of H5N1 viruses isolated during an influenza outbreak in migratory waterfowl in western China.
abstract: H5N1 influenza A viruses are widely distributed among poultry in Asia, but until recently, only a limited number of wild birds were affected. During late April through June 2005, an outbreak of H5N1 virus infection occurred among wild birds at Qinghai Lake in China. Here, we describe the features of this outbreak. First identified in bar-headed geese, the disease soon spread to other avian species populating the lake. Sequence analysis of 15 viruses representing six avian species and collected at different times during the outbreak revealed four different H5N1 genotypes. Most of the isolates possessed lysine at position 627 in the PB2 protein, a residue known to be associated with virulence in mice and adaptation to humans. However, neither of the two index viruses possessed this residue. All of the viruses tested were pathogenic in mice, with the exception of one index virus. We also tested the replication of two viruses isolated during the Qinghai Lake outbreak and one unrelated duck H5N1 virus in rhesus macaques. The Qinghai Lake viruses did not replicate efficiently in these animals, producing no evidence of disease other than transient fever, while the duck virus replicated in multiple organs and caused symptoms of respiratory illness. Importantly, H5N1 viruses isolated in Mongolia, Russia, Inner Mongolia, and the Liaoning Province of China after August 2005 were genetically closely related to one of the genotypes isolated during the Qinghai outbreak, suggesting the dominant nature of this genotype and underscoring the need for worldwide intensive surveillance to minimize its devastating consequences.
authors.affiliation: Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. hlchen1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hualan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yanbing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zejun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinya
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Qiaoling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Guobin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Haidan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yingxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaoka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D002681:China; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005618:Fresh Water; D005838:Genotype; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000821:virology*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D012426:Russia; D014779:Virus Replication