title: Endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction in early atherosclerosis is markedly increased in ApoE-/- mouse but prevented by atorvastatin.
abstract: We have discovered that endothelin-1 (ET-1) vasoconstriction is significantly enhanced in aortas of young (8-16-week-old) apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice devoid of atherosclerotic lesions (maximum response expressed as a percentage of the mean response to 100 mM KCl (E(MAX)) = 55.7% +/- 19.5% KCl, n = 5) compared to age-matched C57BL/6/J control animals (E(MAX) = 12.6% +/- 2.5% KCl, n = 8), indicating that alterations in the endothelin system may contribute to disease progression, at least in this animal model. There was no difference in the potency of ET-1 to contract aorta from the two groups (C57BL/6/J pD2 = 8.74 +/- 0.30; ApoE-/- pD2 = 8.50 +/- 0.15, P > 0.05). This increased response was specific to ET-1, as it was not observed with phenylephrine or U46619, nor was it due to a non-receptor mediated increase in contractile sensitivity, as there was no change in response to KCl between the two groups. [125I]ET-1 bound with subnanomolar affinity (K(D)) to aorta (K(D) = 0.018 +/- 0.002 nM, n = 4) and, with an order of magnitude lower affinity, to heart (K(D) = 0.47 +/- 0.05, n = 5) of C57BL/6/J mice with binding densities (B(MAX)) of 9.3 +/- 2.4 fmol mg(-1)protein and 100 +/- 14 fmol mg(-1) protein, respectively. Alterations in vascular reactivity to ET-1 could not be explained by increased endothelin receptor density or affinity, as these were not altered in aorta (K(D) = 0.011 +/- 0.003 nM; B(MAX) = 10.1 +/- 3.9 fmol mg(-1), n = 4) and heart (K(D) = 0.43 +/- 0.04 nM; B(MAX) = 115 +/- 26 fmol mg(-1), n == 6) of ApoE-/- animals. The ratio of ET(A) to ET(B) receptors in heart of control and ApoE-/- mice was similar, comprising 89% and 85% ET(A) receptors, respectively. In isolated aorta from ApoE-/- mice on the Western diet, which more closely resembled more advanced stages of the disease in man, the augmented ET-1 vasoconstrictor response was maintained (E(MAX) = 25.2% +/- 6.8% KCl, n = 9); however, it was completely prevented in animals that had received 10 weeks of oral atorvastatin (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) (E(MAX) = 4.0% +/- 1.5% KCl, n = 5), a concentration that was chosen because it did not affect plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Therefore, this protective prevention of enhanced ET-1 vasoconstriction in ApoE-/- mice by atorvastatin was independent of its lipid-lowering properties.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Level 6 Centre for Clinical Investigation, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK. jjm1003@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Janet J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: Rhoda E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kuc
authors.forename: Victoria E A
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Stoneman
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Davenport
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D016232:Endothelins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006720:Homozygote; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D016232:Endothelins; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D000069059:Atorvastatin