title: Inhibition of rat renal fibroblast proliferation by halofuginone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interstitial fibrosis is the final common pathway of renal damage and represents an important therapeutic target. Halofuginone is a nontoxic alkaloid, used as a coccidiostat, and is a potent inhibitor of collagen alpha(1)(I) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression. We thus studied the effects of halofuginone on proliferation, collagen I synthesis, and MMP-2 activity of rat renal papillary fibroblasts in culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibroblasts were isolated from rat renal papillae and studied during passages 3-4. The cell proliferation was studied in the presence of varying concentrations of halofuginone. The collagen synthesis was studied by [3H]proline uptake, before and after collagenase digestion, at varying concentrations of halofuginone. The MMP-2 activity was determined by zymography. The gelatinolytic activity was determined on gelatin-impregnated polyacrylamide gels containing samples of cell medium after incubation for 24 h with different halofuginone doses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied a phenotype of papillary fibroblasts which stained positive for alpha smooth muscle actin. These cells are phenotypically myofibroblasts. Halufuginone inhibited the proliferation of these cells in a dose-related and reversible manner. Platelet-derived growth factor is known to stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Halofuginone at a concentration of 250 ng/ml almost completely abolished the effect of platelet-derived growth factor. It also almost completely inhibited the MMP-2 activity at doses of 250-350 ng/ml, as shown by zymography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Halofuginone exhibits antifibrotic effects in rat renal papillary fibroblasts in culture, in terms of inhibition of proliferation and inhibition of MMP-2. These findings could have therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Nurit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haran
authors.forename: Ludmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leschinski
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pines
authors.forename: Jayson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010880:Piperidines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052999:Quinazolinones; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010880:Piperidines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011799:Quinazolines; D052999:Quinazolinones; C010176:halofuginone