title: Cloning and characterization of glutathione S-transferase gene in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus and its expression after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
abstract: To investigate the impacts of marine pollution on aquatic organisms, we tested the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus as a model species. To analyze the copepods' responses to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), we exposed them to two different chemicals: 4,4'-octylphenol (4,4'-OP, 12.5-100 microg/L for 2 h) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB, 6.25-25 microg/L for two days). 4,4'-OP was toxic, although exposure time was limited to 2h. After extracting total RNA from the exposed T. japonicus, we performed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine gene expression patterns following chemical exposure. To analyze the gene expression of T. japonicus, we used glutathione S-transferase with GAPDH as an internal control. Of the genes tested using EDC-exposed samples, 4,4'-OP induced upregulation of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene, while PCB caused downregulation of the GST gene. These results suggest that the two EDCs act in different manners in T. japonicus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang-Oun
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jung Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Heum Gi
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Yong-Dal
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jae-Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D033342:Copepoda / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D023421:Models, Animal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010636:Phenols; D014873:Water Pollutants; C474055:octylphenol; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D005982:Glutathione Transferase