title: The mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opener BMS-191095 reduces neuronal damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
abstract: Activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoK(ATP)) channels protects the brain against ischemic or chemical challenge. Unfortunately, the prototype mitoK(ATP) channel opener, diazoxide, has mitoK(ATP) channel-independent actions. We examined the effects of BMS-191095, a novel selective mitoK(ATP) channel opener, on transient ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. Male Wister rats were subjected to 90 mins of MCAO. BMS-191095 (25 microg; estimated brain concentration of 40 micromol/L) or vehicle was infused intraventricularly before the onset of ischemia. In addition, the effects of BMS-191095 on plasma and mitochondrial membrane potentials and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured neurons were examined. Finally, we determined the effects of BMS-191095 on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and potassium currents in cerebrovascular myocytes. Treatment with BMS-191095 24 h before the onset of ischemia reduced total infarct volume by 32% and cortical infarct volume by 38%. However, BMS-191095 administered 30 or 60 mins before MCAO had no effect. The protective effects of BMS-191095 were prevented by co-treatment with 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), a mitoK(ATP) channel antagonist. In cultured neurons, BMS-191095 (40 micromol/L) depolarized the mitochondria without affecting ROS levels, and this effect was inhibited by 5-HD. BMS-191095, similar to the vehicle, caused an unexplained but modest reduction in the CBF. Importantly, BMS-191095 did not affect either the potassium currents in cerebrovascular myocytes or the plasma membrane potential of neurons. Thus, BMS-191095 afforded protection against cerebral ischemia by delayed preconditioning via selective opening of mitoK(ATP) channels and without ROS generation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1010, USA. kmayanag@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mayanagi
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gáspár
authors.forename: Prasad V G
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Katakam
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kis
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Busija
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000819:agonists*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C428117:BMS 191095; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001578:Benzopyrans; D007093:Imidazoles; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D015221:Potassium Channels; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel; C086491:NS 1619