title: The potential for dietary restriction to increase longevity in humans: extrapolation from monkey studies.
abstract: Based on results emerging from long-term studies of dietary restriction in rhesus monkeys, we offer our views regarding whether dietary restriction can increase longevity in humans. Because lifespan data in monkeys remain inconclusive currently, we respond that "we do not for sure". Based on the vast literature regarding the effects of healthy, low calorie diets on health and longevity in a wide range of species, including humans, and based on data emerging from monkey studies suggesting that dietary restriction improves markers of disease risk and health, we respond that "we think so." Because it is unlikely that an experimental study will ever be designed to address this question in humans, we respond that "we think we will never know for sure." We suggest that debate of this question is clearly an academic exercise; thus, we would suggest that the more compelling discussion should focus on whether basic mechanisms of DR can be discovered and if such discoveries can lead to the development of effective DR mimetics. Even if proof that DR or DR mimetics can increase longevity in humans will likely never emerge, we would suggest that endpoints regarding disease risk and disease incidence as well as maintenance of function can be examined in human clinical trials, and that these will be highly relevant for evaluating the effectiveness of such treatments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. ingramd@grc.nia.nih.gov
authors.forename: Donald K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Ingram
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ottinger
authors.forename: Sige
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Cabo
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mattison
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D000882:Haplorhini / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013045:Species Specificity