Strong binding of bioactive BMP-2 to nanocrystalline diamond by physisorption.
Nano-crystalline diamond (NCD)-coated surfaces were efficiently functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) by means of physisorption. Due to their randomly oriented texture, NCD-coated surfaces appear to bind complex molecules firmly. Applying various highly sensitive analytical methods, the interaction was found extremely stable. The strength of the experimentally measured adherence between BMP-2 and NCD was further corroborated by theoretical calculations. Oxygen treatment rendered NCD hydrophilic by the appearance of surface oxygen containing groups. This particular NCD surface exhibited even higher binding energies towards BMP-2 than the hydrophobic surface, and this surface was also favoured by cultured cells. Most importantly in this context, bound BMP-2 was found fully active. When cultured on BMP-2-treated NCD, osteosarcoma cells strongly up-regulated alkaline phosphatase, a specific marker for osteogenic differentiation. Hence, this simple method will allow generating highly versatile surfaces with complex biomimetic coatings, essentials for novel medical devices and implants as well as for innovative scaffolds in tissue engineering.
Steinmüller-Nethl
Doris
D
rho-BeSt coating GmbH, Exlgasse 20a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Kloss
Frank R
FR
Najam-Ul-Haq
Muhammed
M
Rainer
Matthias
M
Larsson
Karin
K
Linsmeier
Christian
C
Köhler
Gottfried
G
Fehrer
Christine
C
Lepperdinger
Günter
G
Liu
Xianjie
X
Memmel
Norbert
N
Bertel
Erminald
E
Huck
Christian W
CW
Gassner
Robert
R
Bonn
Günther
G
D000042:Absorption; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013499:Surface Properties; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000737:chemistry*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D018130:Diamond; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D010100:Oxygen