title: The endoscopic transilluminator: an endoscopic device for identification of the proximal jejunum for transgastric endoscopic gastrojejunostomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Localization of the proximal jejunum is important for creation of gastrojejunal anastomosis to palliate gastric outlet obstruction or for treatment of obesity with gastric bypass.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To facilitate identification of the proximal jejunum during transgastric endoscopic gastrojejunostomy with the use of an endoscopic transilluminator (ET).
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute experiments in a live porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ET is a 3500-mm long, 6F radio-opaque tube with a fiberoptic core that lights up at its distal end. When situated in the intestinal lumen, it transilluminates the bowel wall. With the animal under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, a colonoscope was advanced to the proximal jejunum. A plastic tube (3500-mm long, 3.5 mm in diameter) was passed through the biopsy channel and placed into the small bowel. The colonoscope was withdrawn, leaving the tube in place. The ET was introduced into the jejunum through the tube. A gastric wall incision was made and the endoscope was advanced to the peritoneal cavity. The transilluminated loop of the proximal jejunum was identified and gastrojejunal anastomosis was made by use of a previously reported endoscopic technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identification of the proximal jejunum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven pigs (average weight 55 kg) had ET placement. In all of the pigs, placement of the ET was performed easily to the proximal small bowel, and the proximal jejunum was successfully localized by either direct visualization of the transilluminated loop only or with the aid of fluoroscopy. The tip of the ET was usually located about 50 to 70 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz. There were no complications related to the use of ET.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The device has not yet been evaluated in humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ET is a safe instrument and can be used to identify the proximal jejunum to facilitate endoscopic gastrojejunostomy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1830 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kantsevoy
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niiyama
authors.forename: Sanjay B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jagannath
authors.forename: Sydney S C
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Gostout
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: Pankaj J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pasricha
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Magee
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barlow
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimonaka
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Kalloo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007582:Jejunostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D013552:Swine; D014172:Transillumination / Q000295:instrumentation*