title: The preoperative diagnosis of primary ovarian pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ovarian pregnancies comprise 0.15% of all pregnancies and 0.15-3% of ectopic gestations, with an incidence of up to 1/7,000 deliveries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single case of an ovarian gestation consistent with Spieglberg's four criteria in a primigravida without prior gynecological, medical, or surgical history is presented. Presumptive diagnosis was by thorough clinical examination with a single, palpable, adnexal mass in a patient with BMI of 19, supported with serial ultrasound and quantitative betaHCG-enabled preoperative diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary ovarian pregnancy may occur without any classical antecedent risk factors. Ultrasonography can be a useful adjunct to clinical presentation and physical examination in allowing the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian gestation.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Hospital of Converse County, 111 S. Fifth St., Suite 1, Douglas, WY 82633, USA. o.nwanodi@juno.com
authors.forename: Oroma
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nwanodi
authors.forename: Neekiaund
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khulpateea
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020073:Gravidity; D006801:Humans; D010173:Palpation; D010808:Physical Examination; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage