title: In vitro and in vivo development of mouse morulae encapsulated in 2% sodium alginate or 0.1% poly-l-lysine.
abstract: In Experiment 1, development of zona pellucida-intact (ZPI) morulae was measured every 24 hours for 120 hours after encapsulation in 2% sodium alginate (ALG) or 0.1% poly-L-lysine (PLL). Encapsulation significantly reduced development to hatched blastocysts at 48 and 72 hours. Developmental stages and diameters of ZPI and zona pellucida-free (ZPF) unencapsulated and encapsulated morulae were measured every 24 hours for 72 hours in Exeriment 2. At 72 hours, the percentage of ZPI embryos developing to expanded blastocysts, their diameters and their nuclear counts were not different from each other or from ZPF embryos. In Experiment 3, ZPI morulae encapsulated in ALG or PLL were transferred into recipients. Five of six recipients that received unencapsulated embryos (n=71) delivered 16 live pups. None of the recipients of encapsulated embryos delivered offspring; therefore, a final experiment was performed to examine fetal development on Day 10 of gestation. The percentage of pregnant recipients was similar for all 3 treatments: unencapsulated (71.4%), ALG (87.5%) and PLL (87.5%). However, the presence of viable fetuses was higher for unencapsulated embryos (42.1%) than for ALG (17%) and PLL (14.6%) embryos. These results suggest that encapsulation did not detrimentally affect embryonic size or cellular development in vitro; however, mortality occurred in vivo due to an asynchronous condition between the uterine environment and the embryos.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy Science Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061-0315 USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Krentz
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nebel
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Canseco
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McGilliard