title: Golabi-Ito-Hall syndrome results from a missense mutation in the WW domain of the PQBP1 gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Golabi, Ito, and Hall reported a family with X linked mental retardation (XLMR), microcephaly, postnatal growth deficiency, and other anomalies, including atrial septal defect, in 1984.
  
  
  METHODS
  This family was restudied as part of our ongoing study of XLMR, but significant linkage to X chromosome markers could not be found. Extreme short stature and microcephaly as well as other new clinical findings were observed. Mutations in the polyglutamine tract binding protein 1 gene (PQBP1) have recently been reported in four XLMR disorders (Renpenning, Hamel cerebro-palato-cardiac, Sutherland-Haan, and Porteous syndromes) as well as in several other families. The clinical similarity of our family to these patients with mutations in PQBP1, particularly the presence of microcephaly, short stature, and atrial septal defect, prompted examination of this gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A missense mutation in PQBP1 was identified which changed the conserved tyrosine residue in the WW domain at position 65 to a cysteine (p.Y65C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first missense mutation identified in PQBP1 and the first mutation in the WW domain of the gene. The WW domain has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of transcription by interacting with the PPxY motif found in transcription factors. The p.Y65C mutation may affect the proper functioning of the PQBP1 protein as a transcriptional co-activator.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lubs
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Abidi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Echeverri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meindl
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D038901:X-Linked Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C119246:PQBP1 protein, human