title: Long-term results of "chemical sphincterotomy" for chronic anal fissure: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmacologic anal sphincter relaxants promote fissure healing; however, their effect is transient and the risk of late recurrence remains uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 1997 to August 2002, patients with chronic anal fissure attending our outpatient clinic were treated with a protocol that included: topical isosorbide dinitrate, 2.5 mg, or nifedipine, 0.2 percent t.i.d., or the combination of both. Botulinum toxin 20 units was injected to the internal anal sphincter to those who failed. All the patients were contacted and interviewed during November to December 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up was a median of 47.43 +/- 13 (range, 4.7-60) months. A total of 455 patients completed the study; 323 patients (71 percent) healed at follow-up ending: 170 of the healed patients had one or more recurrences that responded to further treatment (37.4 percent), whereas 153 patients (33.6 percent) healed and had no recurrences. One hundred thirty-two patients (29 percent) did not heal and were referred to lateral sphincterotomy. Long intervals between symptoms appearance and treatment initiation decreased healing and increased recurrence rates (P = 0.03 and 0.01 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical treatment is effective for patients with chronic anal fissure, at short-term and long-term periods. Because for many patients it is not a definitive treatment, it can be offered to those who are ready to receive repeated treatments. Longer intervals between symptom appearance and treatment initiation negatively affects fissure healing and recurrence rate.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Service, Division of Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital and Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lysy
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Israeli
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rozentzweig
authors.forename: Nourit
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Strauss-Liviatan
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goldin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D009543:Nifedipine; D007548:Isosorbide Dinitrate