title: Activity limitations in the lower extremities in patients with osteoarthritis: the modifying effects of illness perceptions and mental health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as framework, we evaluated modifying effects of illness perceptions and mental health on the association between impairments in body structures and functions due to osteoarthritis (OA) and limitation in activities in the lower extremities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported limitation in activities was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index (WOMAC) function subscale in 316 patients with knee or hip pain or evidence of OA on knee or hip radiographs. Body structures and functions were evaluated during clinical and radiological assessments. Illness perceptions and mental health were assessed with the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) and the mental component summary score of the RAND 36-item Health Survey, respectively. For each patient an expected WOMAC function score was calculated, using an equation based on a multivariate model of the association of body structures and functions with limitation in activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (interquartile) self-reported WOMAC function score was 22.2 (9.6-43.5). Ninety-one patients reported more and 120 patients reported less limitation in activities than expected. Patients with lumbar spine degeneration, physical or exercise therapy and high IPQ-R identity, consequences and chronic timeline scores had an increased risk to report more limitation in activities than the expected range. Low IPQ-R identity, consequences and emotional representation scores and better mental health were associated with reporting less limitation in activities than the expected range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Illness perceptions and mental health modify the association between self-reported limitation in activities and calculated limitation in activities based on impairments in body structures and functions due to OA.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. S.A.Scheepers@lumc.nl <S.A.Scheepers@lumc.nl>
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Botha-Scheepers
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Riyazi
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharloo
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Houwing-Duistermaat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Slagboom
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Breedveld
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kloppenburg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires