title: Increased cholecystectomy rate in the laparoscopic era: a study of the potential causative factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that an increased cholecystectomy rate in the laparoscopic era may be due to a reduced threshold for surgery or diagnostic confusion with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aims to determine the validity of these suggestions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to patients who had undergone cholecystectomy between 1988-1990 (open) and 1998-2000 (laparoscopic). Patients were asked about abdominal pain, fatty food intolerance, jaundice, and indigestion pre- and postoperatively. Questionnaires included Rome II criteria for the diagnosis of IBS and SF-36 quality-of-life data. Histological severity of gallbladder disease was assessed using a standard scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 124 of 196 patients in the open group and 264 of 400 patients in the laparoscopic group replied. There was no difference between the groups in gender, age at surgery, IBS incidence, or quality-of-life scores. The laparoscopic group reported a lower incidence of preoperative fat intolerance (45.8 vs 58.1%, p < 0.05) and a higher incidence of persistent postoperative abdominal pain (27.3 vs 17.7%, p < 0.05). Mean histopathology severity scores were higher in the open group (4.42 vs 3.95, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased cholecystectomy rate in the laparoscopic era cannot be attributed to diagnostic confusion with IBS. However, a reduction in the threshold for surgery may have contributed to the increased rate of cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry, BT47 6SB, Northern Ireland. petermallon@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mallon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McMenamin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005223:Fats / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005223:Fats