title: Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a praziquantel bolus in kingfish Seriola lalandi.
abstract: Oral praziquantel (PZQ) preparations have recently been investigated for the treatment of monogeneans that infect the skin and gills of kingfish Seriola lalandi cultured in sea-cages. To evaluate an oral PZQ dosing strategy, the pharmacokinetics of a dissolved and in feed oral PZQ preparation (40 mg kg(-1) body weight) were compared with an intravenous bolus in kingfish plasma and skin using HPLC. Compared with intravenous administration, PZQ bioavailability (area under curve, AUC0-24h) was slightly improved when the drug was administered with food in both kingfish plasma (56.8% in feed vs. 50.8% in solution) and skin (55.5% in feed vs. 50.3% in solution). After oral dosing, maximum drug concentrations in skin were approximately one-third of those achieved in plasma and higher when the drug was administered in solution (5.26 microg ml(-1)) than in feed (3.96 microg ml(-1)); additionally, the time to achieve maximum PZQ concentration was similar in plasma and skin, although markedly reduced when the drug was administered in solution (1 h) than in feed (6 h). However, clearance of the drug was delayed in skin; administered as an oral formulation, PZQ concentrations in the systemic circulation fell below the limit of quantification after 24 h, but remained quantifiable (0.3 microg g(-1)) in skin at this time. These initial studies indicate that a daily treatment interval will lead to the exposure of parasites to highly variable anthelmintic concentrations, which may be sub-optimal for the treatment of monogeneans in this finfish species.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand. l.tubbs@niwa.co.nz
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tingle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D004333:Drug Administration Routes / Q000662:veterinary; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D006374:Helminthiasis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry; D011223:Praziquantel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D011223:Praziquantel