Exenatide: a GLP-1 receptor agonist as novel therapy for Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Exenatide is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, which has recently received FDA approval in the US for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Exenatide is an incretin mimetic that improves glycaemic control in patients with diabetes through acute mechanisms, such as glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion, suppression of inappropriate glucagon secretion and slowing of gastric emptying, as well as chronic mechanisms that include enhancement of beta-cell mass in rodent studies and weight loss and inhibition of food intake in humans. This article reviews the mechanisms of exenatide action, as well as its efficacy in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Briones
Mariele
M
Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Bajaj
Mandeep
M
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D000077270:Exenatide; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D001786:Blood Glucose; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014688:Venoms; D005934:Glucagon; D000077270:Exenatide