title: Ischemia monitoring in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery using intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery, manipulations on the beating heart can lead to transient interruptions of myocardial oxygen supply, which can generate an accumulation of oxygen-dependent metabolites in coronary venous blood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy as a monitoring method to detect possible ischemic events in off-pump coronary artery bypass procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 15 elective patients undergoing off-pump myocardial revascularization, intravascular near-infrared spectroscopic analysis of coronary venous blood was performed. NIR signals were transferred through a fiberoptic catheter for signal emission and collection. For data analysis and processing, a miniature spectrophotometer with multivariate statistical package was used. Signal acquisition and analysis were performed before and after revascularization. Spectroscopic data were compared with hemodynamic parameters, electrocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiography and laboratory findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A conversion to extracorporeal circulation was not necessary. The mean number of grafts per patient was 3.1 +/- 0.6. An intraoperative myocardial ischemia was not evident, as indicated by electrocardiogram and transesophageal echocardiography. Continuous spectroscopic analysis showed reproducible absorption spectra of coronary sinus blood. Due to uneventful intraoperative courses, clear ischemia-related changes could be detected in none of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial results show that intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy can reliably be used for an online intraoperative ischemia monitoring in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. However, the method has to be further evaluated and standardized to determine the role of spectroscopy in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. bernetf@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Franziska H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bernet
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reineke
authors.forename: Hans-Reinhard
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Zerkowski
authors.forename: Doan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baykut
mesh_terms: D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared