title: Twenty years experience with an ileal orthotopic low pressure bladder substitute--lessons to be learned.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present the long-term results of a large consecutive series of patients undergoing ileal orthotopic bladder substitution following radical cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1985 and 2005 orthotopic bladder substitution with an ileal low pressure reservoir was performed in 482 patients (including 40 women) after radical and, if possible, nerve sparing cystectomy. In 447 cases the procedure was combined with an afferent ileal isoperistaltic tubular segment. The patients were followed prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 482 patients 61 early (less than 30 days) diversion related complications requiring prolonged hospital stay or readmission were noted and 115 late complications required treatment. At 1 year continence was good in 92% of patients during the day and in 79% at night. At last followup 93% of patients could void spontaneously. Of 442 evaluable men 99 (22.4%) reported having erections without and 68 (15.4%) with medical assistance. Ureteroileal stenosis was observed in 12 of 447 (2.7%) patients. Urethral recurrence was detected in 25 of 482 (5%) patients. A total of 15 (5%) patients received vitamin B12 substitution. Renal parenchyma decreased only in patients with preoperative or postoperative ureteral obstruction. After 10 years patients with normal renal function had no long-term acidosis and in 20 patients the incidence of osteoporosis resembled that of the normal population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ileal orthotopic bladder substitution combined with an afferent ileal tubular segment allows for good long-term functional results provided patients are restrictively selected, postoperative instructions are followed carefully, and typical complications such as outlet obstruction and hernias are treated early.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bern, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland. urs.studer@insel.ch
authors.forename: Urs E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: Fiona C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thoeny
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Thalmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011182:Postoperative Care; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects