title: Pharmacotherapy of allergic eye disease.
abstract: Allergic eye disease is a term that refers to a number of disease processes that affect about one-fifth of the world's population. Although the more advanced forms of the disease can be sight threatening, the most disabling effects are due to the clinical manifestations, and hence quality of life, with some patients having seasonal exacerbations of their symptoms, whereas others have symptoms that are present throughout the year. Recent increased understanding of the cellular and mediator mechanisms that are involved in the various disease manifestations has greatly facilitated the development of more effective treatment options. Newer topical medications are being used that have multiple actions, such as an antihistaminic effect coupled with mast-cell stabilisation, and which require reduced daily dosing due to their longer duration of action. With greater research into newer therapies and more effective modes of delivery, improved healthcare outcomes with a lower economic burden will be achieved for patients with allergic eye disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Immunology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. b.manzouri@ntlworld.com
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manzouri
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.forename: Santa J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wyse
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D010793:Phthalazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D010793:Phthalazines; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D016559:Tacrolimus; C020976:azelastine