title: An objective assessment of demography of gallbladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal disease with a wide geographical, ethnic, and cultural variation suggesting major environmental influences such as diet and life style factors in the development of disease. An objective assessment of demographic profile and full implication of these features to recognize the population at risk is needed. This study was therefore undertaken to study the demography of GBC in Varanasi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study as a case-control model comprised 328 cases of GBC and 328 controls with gallstone disease (GSD). The relevant demographic data were collected and analyzed for identification of independent significant features and for the risk of GBC based on these features by calculating odds ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GBC predominantly a disease of females belonged to fourth and fifth decade of life. Among 328 cases of GBC only 75 were male and 253 female (M:F = 1:3.37). Majority of GBC patients were above 40 years and multiparous females. Family history of GBC was higher in GBC patients. Majority of GBC patients were of low socioeconomic status and hailed from rural background. This group tends to consume open mustard oil and water from hand pump. This study emphasizes the usefulness of demographic evaluation in diagnosis of GBC and a systematic approach to assessment of demographic features of GBC is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: J Ram
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Mallika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Arundhati
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Sadhu C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mohapatra
authors.forename: Hari S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shukla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D042882:Gallstones / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012423:Rural Health; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors