title: [Reconstruction of bone using tissue engineering and nanoscale technology].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the method of fabricating freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix with nanoscale topography (nFDBM) and to investigate the feasibility of reconstruction of tissue-engineered bone with the novel scaffold.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allogenic dogs' phalangeal cortical bone was fabricated into freeze-dried demineralized bone (FDBM) with modified Urist's method. FDBM was subjected to Nd : YAG laser irradiation under special conditions. The surface topography was identified by atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The osteoblasts were induced from autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and mixed with nFDBM and FDBM in vitro. The effects of the different topography on cell-behavior was identified by SEM. The complex of nFDBM and osteoblasts were implanted into fascial bags on dogs' back (experimental group A) and dogs' phalangeal defects on right (experimental group C), while FDBM-osteoblast complex (control group B) and unique FDBM (control group D) were implanted into the corresponding sites on left as control groups. The osteogenic status was assessed by X-ray, HE and SEM at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surface of FDBM subjected to Nd : YAG laser irradiation resulted in well-defined three-dimensional nanoscale grooves (150 nm in depth and 600 to 800 nm in width). When the osteoblasts were implanted on the scaffold, the cells adhering to nFDBM were more than those to FDBM and secreted more extracellular matrix. Either new bone-like thin layer on the nanoscale surface or a lot of new bone-formation inner the experimental complex was observed by HE after 12 weeks of surgery and the experimental complexes were partially calcified at the same time, while the control groups almost had no osteogenic phenomena.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nd : YAG laser could produce nanoscale grooves on the FDBM surface. The nanoscale grooves are conductive to adherence, proliferation and matrix secretion of osteoblasts. Complexes by tissue engineering and nanoscale technology have some osteogenic abilities in vivo after implanted the animal model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, the First People Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Zunli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zhaofeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000166:cytology*; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D004285:Dogs; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D049329:Nanostructures; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials