title: Postfixation embryo reduction in unilateral and bilateral twins in mares.
abstract: Multiple ovulations were induced with a pituitary extract in mares, and the development of multiple conceptuses was monitored daily by ultrasound on days 11 to 40. The incidence of abortion (loss of all embryos) was not significantly different between mares with multiple embryos (5/38 mares; 13%) and mares with singletons (4/36; 11%). Embryo reduction (elimination of excess embryos) was not detected during the embryo mobility phase (days 11-15) or on the day of fixation of embryos (day 16) in any of 38 mares with multiple embryos. The incidence of postfixation embryo reduction for mares with twins was 64% (18/28); however, the incidence for unilateral twins (17/19; 89%) was greater (P<0.01) than for bilateral twins (1/9; 11%). Reduction of unilateral twin embryos seemed to occur earlier (53% before day 20 and 82% before day 30) than for the set of bilateral twins (day 36). The remaining embryo in all mares in which embryo reduction occurred seemed normal in size and appearance on the last day of examination. However, in four of eighteen mares in which unilateral reduction occurred, the umbilical cord of the remaining embryo was attached in the ventral hemisphere of the all antochorion. This apparent disorientation was not seen in any of 16 bilaterally located embryos or in 16 singletons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Ginther