title: Induction of tolerance in type 1 diabetes via both CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells and T regulatory type 1 cells.
abstract: Success in developing novel therapies to recommence self-tolerance in autoimmunity depends on the induction of T regulatory (Tr) cells. Here, we report that rapamycin combined with interleukin (IL)-10 efficiently blocks type 1 diabetes development and induces long-term immunotolerance in the absence of chronic immunosuppression in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Rapamycin mediates accumulation in the pancreas of suppressive CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) Tr cells, which prevent diabetes. IL-10 induces Tr type 1 (Tr1) cells, which reside in the spleen and prevent migration of diabetogenic T-cells to the draining lymph nodes. These two Tr cell subsets act in concert to control diabetogenic T-cells that are still present in long-term tolerant mice. Rapamycin plus IL-10 treatment, promoting distinct subsets of Tr cells, may constitute a novel and potent tolerance-inducing protocol for immune-mediated diseases.
authors.affiliation: San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (HSR-TIGET), Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stabilini
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Draghici
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Migliavacca
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gregori
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonifacio
authors.forename: Maria-Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Roncarolo
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D010179:Pancreas / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D053645:Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit; D016753:Interleukin-10; D020123:Sirolimus