title: Changes in vulvar and vestibular tissue of the bovine during the estrous cycle as determined by the use of near-infrared interactance.
abstract: Near-infrared interactance spectra of the vulva and vestibule of cows were analyzed throughout the estrous cycle to determine if they could be used to detect tissue changes that are associated with estrus. The spectra were collected daily from 16 cyclic Holstein cows beginning at 40 days post partum and continuing for 3 estrous cycles, or until pregnancy was verified. Spectra collected on the day when estrus was exhibited were compared with spectra collected on the nonestrous days. There were spectral differences at 1695 to 1705, at 1790 to 1800 and at 1880 to 1900 nm (P<0.05), regions that are associated with changes in carbohydrate, protein, and water content of the tissues, respectively. Discriminant analysis of interactance measurements at the significant wavelengths was used to develop an equation to predict the day of estrus. The error rate associated with the equation was 26%. Results indicate that near-infrared analysis can detect changes in vestibular and vulvar tissue during the estrous cycle. However, accurate estrus detection using near-infrared interactance techniques will require additional study to reduce variation in the results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kunzler
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Marcinkowski