title: Effects of graded exercise on bronchial blood flow and airway dimensions in sheep.
abstract: Exercise stimulus-response relationships for airway blood supply and dimensions have not been described in mammalian species. These relationships are vital for postulates concerning integrated reflex factors normally controlling the airways and which may underlie the asthma syndromes of exercise. This study defines airways stimulus-response relationships in exercising sheep. Ewes between 35 and 40kg were instrumented at left thoracotomy under thiopentone/isoflurane general anaesthesia. Pulsed Doppler ultrasonic transducers were mounted on the bronchial artery, and transit-time plus single-crystal sonomicrometers on the left main bronchus. These recorded simultaneously and continuously bronchial blood flow (Q(br)) and conductance (C(br)), bronchial circumference (Circ(br)) and wall thickness (Th(br)). In Protocol 1 (P1), four sheep ran duplicate 5min protocols on a horizontal treadmill at continuous step-up-and-down speeds of 1min duration, namely, 0.8, 1.6, 2.2, 1.6 and 0.8mph (moderate exercise), followed by 10min recovery. In P2, four sheep ran duplicate 2min protocols at constant 4mph (strenuous exercise), and in P3, one sheep ran duplicate protocols each of 3min at 2.2, 4.4 and 6mph (severe exercise). Regression analysis and repeated measures ANOVA were used to assess differences between times, runs and exercise intensity. In P1, airway effects were directly related to graded exercise effort sustained over 5min. Peak effects occurred at 2.2mph, except for Th(br). Heart rate and P(a) rose (to 156% and 111% of resting, respectively), and Q(br) and C(br) fell (to 83% and 75%; both P<0.001). Circ(br) fell to 96% (P=0.02), and Th(br) rose at low speeds early and late, and thinned at the highest speed. In P2 and P3 for all variables the steady-state effects were systematically greater than for P1 (4.4mph: C(br) to 43%, Circ(br) to 93%; 6.6mph: C(br) to 25%, Circ(br) to 82%). There was no significant recovery hyperaemia, but there was residual post-exercise bronchoconstriction. The exercise stimulus-response relationships from rest to a maximal 6mph for sheep airway circumference and its bronchial circulation are inverse and functionally constrictor.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Human Physiology, University of Newcastle, The Hunter Heart-Lung Research Guild, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callagham, 2308 NSW Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McIlveen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gunther
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Talken
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cottee
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quail
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016280:Atrial Function, Right / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D016084:Bronchoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D019832:N-Methylscopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology*; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010276:Parasympatholytics; D019832:N-Methylscopolamine