title: Effectiveness and efficiency of different guidelines on statin treatment for preventing deaths from coronary heart disease: modelling study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the potential effectiveness and efficiency of different guidelines for statin treatment to reduce deaths from coronary heart disease in the Canadian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modelled outcomes of screening and treatment recommendations of six national or international guidelines--from Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, joint British societies, and European societies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Details for 6760 men and women aged 20-74 years from the Canadian Heart Health Survey (weighted sample of 12,300,000 people) that included physical measurements including a lipid profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of people recommended for treatment with statins, the potential number of deaths from coronary heart disease avoided, and the number needed to treat to avoid one coronary heart disease death with five years of statin treatment if the recommendations from each guideline were fully implemented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When applied to the Canadian population, the Australian and British guidelines were the most effective, potentially avoiding the most deaths over five years (> 15,000 deaths). The New Zealand guideline was the most efficient, potentially avoiding almost as many deaths (14,700) while recommending treatment to the fewest number of people (12.9% of people v 17.3% with the Australian and British guidelines). If their "optional" recommendations are included, the US guidelines recommended treating about twice as many people as the New Zealand guidelines (24.5% of the population, an additional 1.4 million people) with almost no increase in the number of deaths avoided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By focusing recommendations on people with the highest risk of coronary heart disease, the Canadian, US, and European societies guidelines could improve either their effectiveness (in terms of hundreds of avoided deaths) or efficiency (in terms of thousands of fewer people recommended treatment) in the Canadian population.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences G106-2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5. doug.manuel@ices.on.ca
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Manuel
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tanuseputro
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Cameron A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mustard
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ardal
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laupacis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008055:Lipids