title: Operative treatment for separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the influence of separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on ankle joint and to compare various operative methods so as to find suitable stabilization for separated distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1997 to July 2002, we treated 87 patients (64 males and 23 females, aged 18-54 years) with separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, among whom, 79 were combined with fracture of malleolus. Manipulative reduction, internal fixation with cancellous screws and external fixation with plaster support were performed on 37 patients, fixation with plate and screws for fibular fracture and fixation with cancellous screws for distal tibiofibular syndesmosis on 34 patients, and repair of the distal tibiofibular ligaments with tendon of peroneus longus, reduction of the separated distal tibiofibular syndesmosis, and fixation with cancellous screws on 16 patients. The ankle joint had been dorsiflexed for 30 degrees when the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis was fixed with cancellous screws. And the cancellous screws were taken out at 8-10 weeks after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These patients were followed up for at least two years. The curative effects were assessed according to the complaints of the patients and the contour, function and radiogram of the ankle joint: excellent in 55 patients (63%), good in 18 patients (21%), and fair in 14 patients (16%). Separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis recurred in 2 patients, who underwent a reoperation for repairing the distal tibiofibular ligaments with tendon of peroneus longus and recovered. One cancellous screw was broken off. No necrosis developed in the anterior skin of the ankle mortise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis can be treated with various reasonable operations. Repair with tendon of the peroneus longus can get excellent outcomes for complete separation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese People Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China. tony.bai@126.com
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Geng-yan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Chuan-duo
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qi-bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001863:Bone Screws; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome