title: Spinal activation of serotonin 1A receptors enhances latent respiratory activity after spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemisection of the cervical spinal cord results in paralysis of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm. Removal of sensory feedback through cervical dorsal rhizotomy activates latent respiratory motor pathways and restores hemidiaphragm function. Because systemic administration of serotonin 1A receptor (5HT1A) agonists reversed the altered breathing patterns after spinal cord injury (SCI), we predicted that 5HT1A receptor activation after SCI (C2) would activate latent crossed motor pathways. Furthermore, because 5HT1 A receptors are heavily localized to dorsal horn neurons, we predicted that spinal administration of 5HT1A agonists should also activate latent motor pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hemisection of the C2 spinal cord was performed 24 to 48 hours, 1 week, or 16 weeks before experimentation. Bilateral phrenic nerve activity was recorded in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed Sprague-Dawley rats, and 8-OH-DPAT (5HT1A agonist) was applied to the dorsal aspect of the cervical spinal cord (C3-C7) or injected systemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT led to a significant increase in phrenic frequency and amplitude, whereas direct application to the spinal cord increased phrenic amplitude alone. Both systemic and spinal administration of 8-OH-DPAT consistently activated latent crossed phrenic activity. 8-OH-DPAT induced a greater respiratory response in spinal injured rats compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in crossed phrenic output after application of 8-OH-DPAT to the spinal cord suggests that dorsal horn inputs, respiratory and/or nonrespiratory, may inhibit phrenic motor output, especially after SCI. These findings support the idea that the administration of 5HT1A agonists may be a beneficial therapy in enhancing respiratory neural output in patients with SCI.
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 540 East Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. mzimmer@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: M Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Harry G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Goshgarian
mesh_terms: D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010791:Phrenic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000502:physiology*; D012133:Respiratory Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin