title: Stable isotope techniques for assessing labile Cu in soils: development of an L-value procedure, its application, and reconciliation with E values.
abstract: Isotopic techniques have become a valuable tool for assessing the lability or potential availability of elements in soil. Until now, work on soil Cu has been limited to E-value methods where soil solution extracts are obtained by physical means due to the very short (12.4 h) half-life of the radio isotope 64Cu. However, a stable isotope method has recently been developed for determining soil Cu E values that utilizes enhancement of the 65Cu isotope in soil and measurement of the subsequent ratio with 63Cu. We have developed an L-value technique for soil Cu, where plants are used to sample the soil solution and therefore give a direct measure of the plant available Cu. The L-value technique developed was then compared, and found to be equivalent, with E values using equilibration periods up to and including the growth period of plants in the L-value method.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environmental Contaminant Research, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia. I.Oliver@suerc.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ian W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Yibing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lombi
authors.forename: Annette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006207:Half-Life; D007554:Isotopes; D007700:Kinetics; D011865:Radioisotope Dilution Technique; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007554:Isotopes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants; D003300:Copper