title: Recent exposure to particulate matter and C-reactive protein concentration in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.
abstract: Ambient levels of particulate matter have been linked to cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms mediating these associations are poorly understood. One candidate mechanism is inflammation. Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2002), the authors investigated the relation between exposure to particulate matter of less than or equal to 2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) and C-reactive protein concentration in 5,634 persons aged 45-84 years who were free of cardiovascular disease. Data from US Environmental Protection Agency monitors were used to estimate PM2.5 exposures for the prior day, prior 2 days, prior week, prior 30 days, and prior 60 days. Only the 30-day and 60-day mean exposures showed a weak positive association with C-reactive protein, and confidence intervals were wide: relative increases in C-reactive protein per 10 microg/m3 of PM2.5 adjusted for person-level covariates were 3% (95% confidence interval (CI): -2, 10) for a 30-day mean and 4% (95% CI: -3, 11.0) for a 60-day mean. The means of 7-day, 30-day, and 60-day exposures were weakly, positively, and nonsignificantly associated with the odds of C-reactive protein of greater than or equal to 3 mg/liter: adjusted odds ratios were 1.05 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.15), 1.12 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.29), and 1.12 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.32), respectively. Slightly stronger associations were observed in persons without other risk factors for elevated C-reactive protein, but this heterogeneity was not statistically significant. The authors' results are not compatible with strong effects of particulate matter exposures on population levels of C-reactive protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA. adiezrou@umich.edu
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Diez Roux
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Auchincloss
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Astor
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dvonch
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000208:ethnology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D002097:C-Reactive Protein