title: Strategies used by nurses to recover medical errors in an academic emergency department setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how nurses recover medical errors in the emergency department (ED) setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research method was of exploratory descriptive design with qualitative analysis. Subjects who signed the informed consent participated in one of four focus groups centering on nurse's role in recovering errors. Questions were asked during the focus groups to elicit information regarding nurse's role in the three phases of error recovery, namely, identifying, interrupting, and correcting the error.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five themes emerged to describe methods used by nurses to identify errors in the ED setting. These themes included: surveillance, anticipation, double checking, awareness of the "big picture," and experiential "knowing." Five themes emerged as methods used to interrupt errors: patient advocacy, offer of assistance, clarification, verbal interruption, and creation of delay. The themes for correcting an error were assembling the team and involving leadership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study provide preliminary evidence of the strategies used by ED nurses in the recovery of medical error. Further research is needed to generalize these findings to other ED settings. Knowledge of effective recovery strategies can ultimately be used to develop interventions for reducing medical error and improving patient safety.
authors.affiliation: Amherst School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. bethann953@aol.com
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Henneman
authors.forename: Fidela S J
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gawlinski
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Henneman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003142:Communication; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards*; D016529:Emergency Nursing / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration; D017144:Focus Groups; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D019359:Knowledge; D007857:Leadership; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016294:Models, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology*; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration; D014705:Verbal Behavior