title: Validation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of retinol-binding protein to assess vitamin A status within populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) among Cambodian preschool children as determined by the retinol-binding protein-enzyme immunoassay (RBP-EIA) and direct measurement of serum retinol by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from 359 children were randomly selected from archived specimens collected in a national VAD prevalence survey in Cambodia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera were first analyzed for retinol content by HPLC and then subjected to analysis using RBP-EIA to determine serum RBP concentrations. National Institute of Standards and Technology and control sera were used to ensure quality and accuracy for each set of analyses. To classify VAD, the same cutoff point of <0.70 micromol/l was employed for each indicator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the prevalence of VAD based on serum retinol was 22.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.0, 26.6), whereas the RBP-EIA indicated a VAD prevalence of 20.9% (95% CI: 16.7, 25.1). A simple linear regression model indicated an R2 of 0.79, and a receiver operating curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.92.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no significant difference between the results of RBP-EIA compared to retinol analyzed by HPLC in estimating the prevalence of VAD. Use of the test could enable public health authorities to assess the extent of VAD and track progress in control programs in resource-poor settings.
authors.affiliation: Formerly of Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Seattle, WA 98396, USA. jhix1@comcast.net
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hix
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rasca
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Denna
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Panagides
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Shankar
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D007223:Infant; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A