title: Hip fracture risk among community-dwelling elderly people in the United States: a prospective study of physical, cognitive, and socioeconomic indicators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined risks of short-term (2-year) hip fracture in a nationally representative, prospective cohort of community-dwelling elderly people 70 years or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used self-report data from 2 waves of the Asset and Health Dynamics Survey (n = 5630). Sample-weighted logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine risk of hip fracture in relation to several demographic, cognitive, physical, and socioeconomic indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 2-year study period, 102 participants reported a new hip fracture. Several indicators of physical functioning and cognitive status, including incorrect delayed word recall and inability to lift 10 lbs (4.5 kg), were significantly associated with hip fracture risk. In the final model, mobile home residents, individuals without Medicare part B insurance, and those without a high-school diploma were at more than a 2-fold risk of hip fracture. Educational level, physical functioning, and insurance status were the top 3 contributors to hip fracture risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to functional status measures, health insurance status, educational level, and type of residence appear to be independent predictors of hip fracture.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, and the Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, PA 17033-0855, USA. rwilson@psu.edu
authors.forename: Robin Taylor
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Chrischilles
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006798:Housing / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology