title: Growth hormone and prolactin actions on osmoregulation and energy metabolism of gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus).
abstract: The gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus) is an euryhaline fish where prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) play a role in the adaptation to different environmental salinities. To find out the role of these pituitary hormones in osmoregulation and energy metabolism, fish were implanted with slow release implants of ovine GH (oGH, 5 microg g(-1) body mass) or ovine prolactin (oPRL, 5 microg g(-1) body mass), and sampled 7 days after the start of the treatment. GH increased branchial Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and decreased sodium levels in line with its predicted hypoosmoregulatory action. GH had metabolic effects as indicated by lowered plasma protein and lactate levels, while glucose, triglycerides and plasma cortisol levels were not affected. Also, GH changed liver glucose and lipid metabolism, stimulated branchial and renal glucose metabolism and glycolytic activity, and enhanced glycogenolysis in brain. PRL induced hypernatremia. Furthermore, this hormone decreased liver lipid oxidation potential, and increased glucose availability in kidney and brain. Both hormones have opposite osmoregulatory effects and different metabolic effects. These metabolic changes may support a role for both hormones in the control of energy metabolism in fish that could be related to the metabolic changes occurring during osmotic acclimation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sangiao-Alvarellos
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Arjona
authors.forename: Jesús M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Míguez
authors.forename: María P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martín del Río
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Soengas
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mancera
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D050261:Glycogenolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000032:analysis; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D011388:Prolactin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005947:Glucose