title: Influence of years since menopause on bone mineral metabolism in South Indian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although an increase of bone turnover has been documented at the time of menopause, the subsequent abnormalities of bone resorption and formation in the elder women have not been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess bone turnover among different YSM (years since menopause) groups of postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study in a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven premenopausal (control) women and 257 postmenopausal women were included in this study. Based on YSM, the postmenopausal women were divided into four groups namely, 1-5 YSM (n = 82), 6-10 YSM (n = 77), 11-15 YSM (n = 58) and > 15 YSM (n = 40). The levels of calcium, phosphorus, total alkaline phosphatase, FSH, LH, estradiol, intact-paratharmone and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in serum and urine levels of calcium, phosphorus and bone resorption marker calcium/creatinine(Ca/Cre) ratios were analyzed in all subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  One way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased levels of FSH (P < 0.001) and declined levels of urine calcium (P = 0.015) and Ca/Cre ratios (P = 0.006) were observed in > 15 YSM group over 1-5 and 6-10 YSM groups. An inverse correlation was observed between serum FSH levels and urine Ca/Cre ratios (r = -0.655, P < 0.001) in > 15 YSM group. Comparable deficient estradiol levels were observed in all YSM groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of bone resorption is greater in early years than late years of menopause. The decreased bone resorption risk in late postmenopausal women might be due to increased FSH levels. However, further studies are required to explore this finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Dhananjaya M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Naidu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000378:metabolism*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D002118:Calcium