title: Molecular and structural characterization of hexameric beta-D-glucosidases in wheat and rye.
abstract: The wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rye (Secale cereale) beta-D-glucosidases hydrolyze hydroxamic acid-glucose conjugates, exist as different types of isozyme, and function as oligomers. In this study, three cDNAs encoding beta-D-glucosidases (TaGlu1a, TaGlu1b, and TaGlu1c) were isolated from young wheat shoots. Although the TaGlu1s share very high sequence homology, the mRNA level of Taglu1c was much lower than the other two genes in 48- and 96-h-old wheat shoots. The expression ratio of each gene was different between two wheat cultivars. Recombinant TaGlu1b expressed in Escherichia coli was electrophoretically distinct fromTaGlu1a and TaGlu1c. Furthermore, coexpression of TaGlu1a and TaGlu1b gave seven bands on a native-PAGE gel, indicating the formation of both homo- and heterohexamers. One distinctive property of the wheat and rye glucosidases is that they function as hexamers but lose activity when dissociated into smaller oligomers or monomers. The crystal structure of hexameric TaGlu1b was determined at a resolution of 1.8 A. The N-terminal region was located at the dimer-dimer interface and plays a crucial role in hexamer formation. Mutational analyses revealed that the aromatic side chain at position 378, which is located at the entrance to the catalytic center, plays an important role in substrate binding. Additionally, serine-464 and leucine-465 of TaGlu1a were shown to be critical in the relative specificity for DIMBOA-glucose (2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) over DIBOA-glucose (7-demethoxy-DIMBOA-glucose).
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry , Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan. sue@nodai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwamura
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D044602:Cellulases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis; D019281:Dimerization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012434:Secale / Q000201:enzymology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014908:Triticum / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D044602:Cellulases