title: Upper vs lower extremity arterial function after spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to determine whether arterial diameter, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and arterial range are affected by spinal cord injury (SCI). We assessed arm (radial) and leg (posterior-tibial) arteries that are comparable in size and function to determine whether (a) arterial function is reduced in individuals with SCI vs nondisabled subjects and (b) decrements to SCI arterial function are greater in the legs vs arms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen men with chronic (9.8 +/- 6.3 years) SCI (T2 to T11; American Spinal Injury Association A) and 13 nondisabled subjects matched for age (33.1 +/- 4.8 vs 29.8 +/- 8.2 years old, respectively), height, and weight (BMI = 25.3 +/- 5.8 vs 26.6 +/- 5.5 kg/m2, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  Radial and posterior tibial artery B-mode ultrasound images were continuously captured to measure resting diameter, occluded diameter, and postischemic diameters. Hierarchical linear modeling accounted for the nested experimental design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with SCI have lower systemic (arm + leg) FMD than nondisabled subjects (9.3% vs 12.3%, respectively; P= 0.035), primarily because of reduced leg FMD (11.5 +/- 3.1% vs 7.0 +/- 2.8% for SCI arms vs legs, respectively; P = 0.010). Persons with SCI also had lower arterial range than nondisabled subjects (0.79 vs 1.00 mm, respectively; P = 0.043), primarily because of the legs (0.81 +/- 0.09 vs 0.56 +/- 0.11 mm for SCI arms vs legs, respectively; P = 0.030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leg arterial function seems to deteriorate at greater rates compared to the arms for individuals with SCI. Interventions to improve cardiovascular health should include measurements taken in the legs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Ramsey Center, Athens, GA 30602-6552, USA. Lee79@uga.edu
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.forename: Manning
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabatier
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: VanhHiel
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ripley
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palardy
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCully
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D016909:Tibial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology