title: Laparoscopic surgery during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the past decade, laparoscopic procedures have become increasingly popular owing to decreased morbidity and convalescence compared with open procedures. The purpose of this review is to evaluate recent literature on laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy and make recommendations for anesthesia based on understanding of physiology of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing numbers of successful cases of laparoscopic surgery are being reported. For reasons unknown, the results obtained in sheep studies do not match the observations in humans. Maternal respiratory acidosis, a common finding in sheep studies during CO2 pneumoperitoneum has not been observed in pregnant women undergoing laparoscopic surgery. A recent finding of persisting fetal sheep hypoxia beyond the duration of CO2 pneumoperitoneum calls for further investigation to determine if this finding is limited to sheep akin to sheep maternal respiratory acidosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present evidence suggests laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy is a safe option. Left uterine displacement, maintaining end-tidal carbon dioxide between 32-34 mmHg and maternal blood pressures within 20% of baseline, and limiting abdominal insufflation pressure of carbon dioxide to 12-15 mmHg are essential hallmarks of anesthesia procedure. Although no apparent long time consequences have been reported, further studies are necessary to confirm the validity of sheep fetal hypoxia studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Nollag
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: Bhavani-Shankar
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kodali
mesh_terms: D000142:Acidosis, Respiratory / Q000150:complications; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide