title: Diacylglycerol-enhanced electrical activation of porcine oocytes matured in vitro.
abstract: This study was undertaken to examine the effect of second messengers added to the electroporation medium on electric pulse-induced artificial activation of meiotic Metaphase II porcine oocytes. Six separate experiments evaluated second messengers added to electroporation medium. When added to electroporation medium, neither phospholipase C (PLC: 0 to 2.5 Units/ml), D-myo-inositol triphosphate (IP(3): 0 to 10,000 muM), nor guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate; GTP-gamma-S: 0 to 100 muM) had any effect (P> 0.05) on activation rates. However, addition of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC(8)) increased activation rates in a dose-dependent response. At a level of 1,000 muM, DiC(8) resulted in a higher activation rate (P< 0,05) than 0.0, 0.1, 1 or 10 muM of DiC(8) with a pulse, and the 1,000 and 10,000 muM of DiC(8) no-pulse control groups. Effects of DiC(8) (1,000 muM) and IP(3) (100 muM) in combination or individually were investigated. At 1,000 muM, DiC(8) caused a higher rate of activation (P< 0.05) than 100 muM IP(3), but the result was not different from DiC(8) + IP(3). In another experiment, no difference (P> 0.05) was observed between DiC(8), GTP-gamma-S and IP(3), but DiC(8) + GTP-gamma-S + IP(3) + PLC yielded a higher (P< 0.05) activation rate than PLC or the rate of the controls. No significant development (blastocyst) was observed after 5 days of culture in any of the experiments. Protein profiles of activated oocytes, determined by 1D SDS-PAGE, were characteristic of pronuclear-stage embryos. These data indicate that the addition of DiC(8) to the electroporation medium synergistically enhances the rate of activation of electrically stimulated in vitro-matured porcine oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schoenbeck
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rickords
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Stumpf
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Terlouw
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Prather