title: Food hardness as environmental factor in development of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The effect of hardness of the diet as an environmental factor on the development of diabetes was investigated in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. NSY and control C3H/He mice were fed several types of dietary chow from 4 weeks of age. Autoclaved CRF-1, whose major components are almost the same as those of the MF diet except for increased pellet hardness, resulted in a significant reduction in body weight in both NSY (p<0.05) and C3H (p<0.001) mice at 16 weeks of age. The prevalence of diabetes in NSY mice fed autoclaved CRF-1 was significantly lower than that in those fed MF at 36 weeks of age (p<0.05), which was associated with a significant decrease in body weight (p<0.0001). At 16 weeks of age, NSY mice fed with a hard diet (autoclaved CRF-1) showed a significantly lower body weight (32.1+/-0.3g) and blood glucose levels during ipGTT than those with fed a normal (gamma-irradiated CRF-1) (35.6+/-1.3g, p<0.05 and <0.01, respectively) or soft (powdered CRF-1) (p<0.05 and <0.05, respectively) diet. Switching from normal (gamma-irradiated) to hard (autoclaved) chow, even after the development diabetes at 36 weeks of age, markedly improved glucose intolerance after 4 weeks in NSY mice despite the small change in body weight. These results indicate the importance of food hardness as an environmental factor in the development of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nojima
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikegami
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Naru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Babaya
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoi-Babaya
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005502:Food; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains