title: Do snacks of exercise lower blood pressure? A randomised crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether four 10-minute 'snacks' of exercise per day are as effective at lowering blood pressure as 40 minutes of continuous moderate exercise, when compared with no exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single blind randomised crossover trial of three 'exercise' regimes in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 hypertensive adults without complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regimes included 4x10-minute episodes of brisk walking per day, 40 minutes continuous brisk walking per day, and no brisk walking. Each regime lasted 4 days with 10 days of no exercise in between.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Change of systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age 53 years and mean baseline blood pressure 166/103 mmHg. Systolic blood pressure changed by: -7.5 mmHg (95%CI: -8.9, -6.0) with 40-minutes regime; -7.3 mmHg (95%CI: -8.7, -5.8) with 4x10-minutes regime; and +1.0 mmHg (95%CI: -0.4, 2.5) with 'no brisk walking' regime (p<0.001). Diastolic blood pressure reduced by -4.0 mmHg (95%CI: -5.0, -3.0) with 40 minutes regime; -5.4 mmHg (95%CI: -6.4, -4.4) with 4x10 minutes regime; and -0.2 mmHg (95%CI: -1.2, 0.8) with 'no brisk walking' regime (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four 10-minute snacks of brisk walking were as effective as 40 minutes of continuous brisk walking per day at reducing blood pressure. This has implications for public health messages and advice to patients with hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland. c.elley@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Raina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elley
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bagrie
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arroll
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking