title: Measuring emotional labor among young workers: refinement of the Emotions at Work Scale.
abstract: This analysis examines the applicability of the emotional labor scale from the Emotions at Work Scale (EWS) through the assessment of its psychometric properties in a sample of young workers. Factor analysis and test-retest reliability were conducted on a 13-item scale measuring emotional labor. The EWS 13-item emotional labor scale was refined to 9 items. Two subscales were delineated: 5 items measured surface acting and 4 items measured deep acting, each with a mean inter-item correlation of 0.33. Cronbach's alpha was .96 for the 9-item scale, and .71 and .67 for the surface acting and deep acting subscales, respectively. Test-retest reliability was 0.64 for surface acting and 0.51 for deep acting during a mean interval of 3 months. Emotional labor can be quantitatively measured among young workers using the derived 9-item scale, although additional studies further evaluating its use should be conducted.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Arnold B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Curbow
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agnew
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Haythornthwaite
authors.forename: Sheila T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015142:Baltimore; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D015588:Observer Variation; D016272:Occupational Health; D009785:Occupational Health Nursing; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology