title: Amount of seminal IL-1beta positively correlates to HIV-1 load in the semen of infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytokines present in the sperm could influence the heterosexual transmission of HIV by modulating viral titers and influencing the early immune response in the vaginal mucosa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relation between cytokine concentrations and HIV status in the seminal plasma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five HIV positive subjects were tested for cytokine content and HIV-1 load in seminal and blood plasma through a cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV positive subjects exhibited a significantly higher amount of seminal IL-1beta as compared to a group of 33 HIV negative controls. In HIV positive subjects, amounts of IL-1beta and HIV-1 RNA in semen were significantly correlated and a trend for correlation was found between seminal IL-1beta and blood HIV-1 RNA. Amount of seminal IL-1beta was significantly lower in patients under HAART, according to the decrease of their viral loads in blood and semen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering that IL-1beta is known to enhance viral replication and to promote immune response, its dosage in semen could represent an interesting marker for identifying patients at high risk for HIV heterosexual transmission.
authors.affiliation: GIMAP, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc, Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berlier
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bourlet
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lucht
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pozzetto
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Delézay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012661:Semen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D012367:RNA, Viral