title: Loss of cell polarity drives tumor growth and invasion through JNK activation in Drosophila.
abstract: Apparent defects in cell polarity are often seen in human cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of how cell polarity disruption contributes to tumor progression are unknown. Here, using a Drosophila genetic model for Ras-induced tumor progression, we show a molecular link between loss of cell polarity and tumor malignancy. Mutation of different apicobasal polarity genes activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and downregulates the E-cadherin/beta-catenin adhesion complex, both of which are necessary and sufficient to cause oncogenic Ras(V12)-induced benign tumors in the developing eye to exhibit metastatic behavior. Furthermore, activated JNK and Ras signaling cooperate in promoting tumor growth cell autonomously, as JNK signaling switches its proapoptotic role to a progrowth effect in the presence of oncogenic Ras. Our finding that such context-dependent alterations promote both tumor growth and metastatic behavior suggests that metastasis-promoting mutations may be selected for based primarily on their growth-promoting capabilities. Similar oncogenic cooperation mediated through these evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways could contribute to human cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA.
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Igaki
authors.forename: Raymond A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pagliarini
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004330:Drosophila / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)