Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the cause of human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a zoonotic infection of staggering proportions and social impact. Yet uncertainty persists regarding its natural reservoir. The virus most closely related to HIV-1 is a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) thus far identified only in captive members of the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes. Here we report the detection of SIVcpz antibodies and nucleic acids in fecal samples from wild-living P. t. troglodytes apes in southern Cameroon, where prevalence rates in some communities reached 29 to 35%. By sequence analysis of endemic SIVcpz strains, we could trace the origins of pandemic (group M) and nonpandemic (group N) HIV-1 to distinct, geographically isolated chimpanzee communities. These findings establish P. t. troglodytes as a natural reservoir of HIV-1.
Keele
Brandon F
BF
Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Van Heuverswyn
Fran
F
Li
Yingying
Y
Bailes
Elizabeth
E
Takehisa
Jun
J
Santiago
Mario L
ML
Bibollet-Ruche
Frederic
F
Chen
Yalu
Y
Wain
Louise V
LV
Liegeois
Florian
F
Loul
Severin
S
Ngole
Eitel Mpoudi
EM
Bienvenue
Yanga
Y
Delaporte
Eric
E
Brookfield
John F Y
JF
Sharp
Paul M
PM
Shaw
George M
GM
Peeters
Martine
M
Hahn
Beatrice H
BH
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000145:classification / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D015483:HIV Antibodies