title: Primary therapist model for patients referred for rheumatoid arthritis rehabilitation: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness (ICE) of services from a primary therapist compared with traditional physical therapists and/or occupational therapists for managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), from the societal perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with RA were randomly assigned to the primary therapist model (PTM) or traditional treatment model (TTM) for approximately 6 weeks of rehabilitation treatment. Health outcomes were expressed in terms of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), measured with the EuroQol instrument at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Direct and indirect costs, including visits to health professionals, use of investigative tests, hospital visits, use of medications, purchases of adaptive aids, and productivity losses incurred by patients and their caregivers, were collected monthly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 144 consenting patients, 111 remained in the study after the baseline assessment: 63 PTM (87.3% women, mean age 54.2 years, disease duration 10.6 years) and 48 TTM (79.2% women, mean age 56.8 years, disease duration 13.2 years). From a societal perspective, PTM generated higher QALYs (mean +/- SD 0.068 +/- 0.22) and resulted in a higher mean cost ($6,848 Canadian, interquartile range [IQR] $1,984-$9,320) compared with TTM (mean +/- SD QALY -0.017 +/- 0.24; mean costs $6,266, IQR $1,938-$10,194) in 6 months, although differences were not statistically significant. The estimated ICE ratio was $13,700 per QALY gained (95% nonparametric confidence interval -$73,500, $230,000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PTM has potential to be an alternative to traditional physical/occupational therapy, although it is premature to recommend widespread use of this model in other regions. Further research should focus on strategies to reduce costs of the model and assess the long-term economic consequences in managing RA and other rheumatologic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Health Research Institute, and Arthritis Research Society of Canada, 895 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada. lli@arthritisresearch.ca
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maetzel
authors.forename: Aileen M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Sydney C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lineker
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bombardier
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Coyte
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000191:economics* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D026761:Physical Therapy Specialty; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D016896:Treatment Outcome