title: Apolipoprotein E-derived peptides ameliorate clinical disability and inflammatory infiltrates into the spinal cord in a murine model of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Apolipoprotein E (apoE), well known to play a role in lipid transport and cholesterol metabolism, also exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. Recent clinical and genetic studies display an association between apoE genotype (APOE) and the progression and severity of multiple sclerosis, raising the possibility that modulation of apoE may be a novel treatment for multiple sclerosis. Using a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of human multiple sclerosis, we found that a peptidomimetic of apoE protein, COG133, substantially reduces the clinical symptoms of EAE and promotes remission from the disability when administered before or after onset of disease. Most notably, fusion of COG133 to a protein transduction domain creates COG112, a modified apoE-mimetic peptide with significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory bioactivities in vitro, and improved therapeutic effects on EAE in vivo, which renders a nearly full remission from the disability. Histopathological analysis showed that COG112 and COG133 attenuated demyelination and significantly diminished the number of peripheral cells infiltrating into the spinal cord. ApoE mimetics also interfered with several mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of EAE and multiple sclerosis, including activation of macrophages, subsequent production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines, and lymphocyte proliferation. These data suggest that apoE mimetics represent a multidimensional therapeutic for multiple sclerosis capable of inhibiting the inflammatory cascade, modulating immune cell function, and reducing clinical signs, which may have novel utility for the treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. fengqiao.li@duke.edu
authors.forename: Feng-Qiao
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sempowski
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Daniel T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Laskowitz
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Colton
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vitek
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051943:Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C497974:Antp protein, Drosophila; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C530207:COG112 peptide; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma