title: An in-vitro investigation into the use of a single component self-etching primer adhesive system for orthodontic bonding: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study assessed force to debond (N); time, and site of bond failure of a single component self-etching primer (SEP) and adhesive system, Ideal 1 (GAC International Inc., USA) and compared it with the conventional acid etch and rinse regimen using 37% o-phosphoric acid solution and either Transbond XT (3M Unitek) or Ideal 1 adhesive.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bristol Dental Hospital, UK. Sept 2003-Sept 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine groups of 20 premolars were bonded using metal orthodontic brackets using three protocols: (1) 37% o-phosphoric acid etch and Transbond XT adhesive; (2) 37% o-phosphoric acid and Ideal 1 adhesive; (3) Ideal 1 SEP and Ideal 1 adhesive. Force to debond and locus of bond failure were determined at three time intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enamel pre-treatment prior to bonding, namely SEP versus conventional etching had no significant effect on the median force to debond with the Ideal 1 adhesive. Similarly, when the enamel was conventionally etched, the adhesive type, namely Ideal 1 or Transbond XT, had no significant effect on the measured force to debond. However, there appeared to be differences in the locus of bond failure: failure predominated at the enamel/adhesive interface for the Transbond XT conventional etch group and at adhesive/bracket interface for the Ideal 1 SEP and adhesive group and the Ideal 1 adhesive conventional etch group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that the complete Ideal 1 SEP and adhesive system might be successful in vivo leading therefore to a clinical trial. However, implications for clean up time are discussed and improvements to in vitro study designs are advised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Dental Health, Bristol Dental Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherriff
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: C500652:Ideal One Adhesive; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; C030242:phosphoric acid