title: Features of early gastric cancer and gastric adenoma by enhanced-magnification endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Changes to the mucosal surface of early gastric carcinomas and gastric adenomas as viewed by enhanced-magnification endoscopy with acetic acid have not been investigated thoroughly. Using this technology, we investigated the appearance of the gastric surface patterns of neoplastic and surrounding nonneoplastic mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven consecutive patients with early gastric carcinomas or gastric adenomas underwent enhanced-magnification endoscopy following 1.5% acetic acid instillation. All biopsy specimens were taken from the area at which the enhanced-magnified endoscopic image was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surface patterns of gastric tumors and the surrounding mucosa were classified into five types: type I, small round pits of uniform size and shape; type II, slit-like pits; type III, gyrus and villous patterns; type IV, irregular arrangements and sizes of pattern types I, II and III; type V, destructive patterns of types I, II and III. The predominant pattern of the surrounding mucosa was type III, and most type III mucosa had characteristics of intestinal metaplasia. Although all elevated adenomas showed type II or type III surface patterns, both depressed adenomas showed type IV. Elevated carcinomas showed type III (42.9%) or type IV (57.1%) surface patterns, while depressed carcinomas showed type IV (70%) or type V (30%). Although differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas showed type III (10.3%), type IV (86.2%), or type V (3.5%) surface patterns, all of the signet-ring cell carcinomas and poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas showed type V.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced-magnification endoscopy may be useful for identifying gastric tumors and determining the extent of horizontal spread, especially in tumors of the depressed type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopic Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kosaka
authors.forename: Taizo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiku
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014741:Video Recording