title: Thymus hyperplasia after resolution of hypercortisolism in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome: the importance of thymic vein catheterization.
abstract: Thymic hyperplasia has been described after the resolution of hypercortisolism from several etiologies, causing great diagnostic dilemmas. We describe a case where the catheterization of the thymic vein was essential for the differential diagnosis of a thymic enlargement in an adrenalectomized patient with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. The patient was a 48-year-old female with clinical and laboratorial data suggesting Cushing's disease. She underwent a transsphenoidal surgery with no tumor visualization and no remission of the syndrome. Histopathological studies disclosed a normal pituitary. She underwent a bilateral adrenalectomy and 8 months later a chest CT showed an increase of left thymic lobe, which was previously non-existent. After a negative (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy, the patient underwent simultaneous and bilateral catheterism of the petrosus sinuses and catheterization of the thymic and inominate veins and no ACTH gradient was shown among the sites of collection. She did not undergo thoracotomy and a follow-up was established. During the evolution, there was a spontaneous regression of the thymic lesion 38 months after the diagnosis. The ACTH gradient during the catheterization of thymic vein was essential for the differential diagnosis of the thymic enlargement tumor after hypercortisolism resolution in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome, especially in this case, where the ACTH source was occult, thus avoiding an invasive surgical procedure for a benign entity with spontaneous resolution.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital das Clínicas, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Rua Ovídio Pires de Campos # 785, Cerqueira Cesar, 01060-970, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. malebrancheb@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Malebranche Berardo C Cunha
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Márcio Carlos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: Nina Rosa
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: de Castro Musolino
authors.forename: Andrea Cecília
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Toscanini
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ochman
authors.forename: Valter Angelo S
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Cescato
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Manoel Jacobsen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002404:Catheterization; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone