title: Perspectives and limitations of parallel MR imaging at high field strengths.
abstract: In medical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging, it is standard practice to use MR scanners with a field strength of 1.5 Tesla. Recently, an ongoing trend towards higher field strengths can be observed, with a new potential clinical standard of 3.0 Tesla. High-field MR imaging, with its intrinsic higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), can enable new applications for MRI in medical diagnosis, or can serve to improve existing methods. The use of high field MRI is not without its limitations, however. Besides SNR, other unwanted effects increase with a higher field strength. Without correction, these high field problems can cause a serious loss in image quality. An elegant way to address these problems is the use of parallel imaging. In many clinical applications, parallel MRI (pMRI) is part of the standard protocol, as pMRI can enhance virtually every MRI application without necessarily affecting the contrast behavior of the underlying imaging sequence. In addition to the speed advantages offered by pMRI, the capability of parallel imaging to reduce significant high field-specific problems, thereby improving image quality, will be of major importance.
authors.affiliation: Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut EP 5, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. robin.heidemann@siemens.com
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Heidemann
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seiberlich
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wohlfarth
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jakob
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics