title: Platelet function monitoring with the Sonoclot analyzer after in vitro tirofiban and heparin administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reliable platelet function monitoring is desirable in patients treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors. The aim of the present laboratory-based study was to assess platelet function after administration of clinically relevant doses of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist tirofiban with or without heparin by using Sonoclot (Sienco Inc) and platelet aggregometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tirofiban (0-100 ng x mL(-1)) and heparin (0 or 1 U x mL(-1)) were added to blood samples obtained from 20 healthy volunteers. Coagulation analysis was performed on citrated whole blood by using the Sonoclot analyzer. The glass bead-activated test and the new glass bead test with heparinase were used. The results were compared with adenosine-5'-diphosphate-activated platelet aggregometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of tirofiban showed a similar increase of platelet inhibition detected with the Sonoclot glass bead-activated test and glass bead test with heparinase, as well as by means of aggregometry. Bias between the different techniques was comparable; Spearman rank correlation was strong (glass bead-activated test vs aggregometry: rho = 0.823, P < .001; glass bead test with heparinase vs aggregometry: rho = 0.856, P < .001). After additional administration of heparin, platelet inhibition was only comparable for the glass bead test with heparinase and aggregometry, and the correlation coefficient remained unchanged for the glass bead test with heparinase versus aggregometry (rho = 0.878, P < .001). By contrast, the glass bead-activated test showed a nearly complete platelet inhibition with a significant bias compared with the glass bead test with heparinase and aggregometry. Correlation was weak for the glass bead-activated test versus aggregometry (rho = 0.407, P = .004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared with platelet aggregometry, the glass bead-activated test from Sonoclot reliably detects glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition with tirofiban in unheparinized whole blood. However, in heparinized blood the glass bead test with heparinase is essential to accurately assess platelet function.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tucci
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ganter
authors.forename: Christine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hamiel
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klaghofer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zollinger
authors.forename: Christoph K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000295:instrumentation; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010979:Platelet Function Tests / Q000295:instrumentation; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077466:Tirofiban; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D014443:Tyrosine; D006493:Heparin; D000077466:Tirofiban