title: Cysteinyl leukotriene D4 increases human detrusor muscle responsiveness to histamine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leukotriene D(4) and histamine are proinflammatory mediators that are released concomitantly by activated mast cells. There is the possibility of mutual potentiation of their actions in inflammatory diseases such as interstitial cystitis. We investigated whether human detrusor smooth muscle cells showed increased responsiveness to histamine in the presence of leukotriene D(4).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cold cup detrusor biopsies were obtained from patients undergoing cystoscopy for benign noninvasive bladder diseases. Human detrusor smooth muscle cells in culture were obtained using an explantation technique and subcultivated for a maximum of 3 passages. The cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration and contractile force were measured by spectrofluorometry and myograph techniques, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low doses of leukotriene D(4) (10 nM or less), which usually do not produce a significant effect on the free Ca(2+) concentration or on muscle contraction when administered 30 to 60 seconds beforehand, significantly enhanced the transient increase in the free Ca(2+) concentration and isometric force induced by 50 to 200 nM histamine. Increased histamine responses were associated with an upward shift in the fura-2 fluorescence ratio, suggesting that histamine hyperresponsiveness was due to the appearance of additional histamine receptors on the sarcolemma or to more efficient signaling per receptor. Leukotriene D(4) concentrations greater than 10 nM had no potentiating effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge this is the first demonstration in the human detrusor that leukotriene D(4) potentiates the effect of histamine. These inflammatory mediators, which are often released concomitantly from mast cells, may interact mutually to potentiate the spasmogenic effect of histamine. These results suggest that the combination of leukotriene D(4) and histamine H1 receptor antagonists may be more effective for the treatment of interstitial cystitis than when given alone.
authors.affiliation: Smooth Muscle Laboratory, Departments of Urology and Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. bouchelouche@mail.tele.dk
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bouchelouche
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouchelouche
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D017998:Leukotriene D4 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1 / Q000187:drug effects; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1; D017998:Leukotriene D4; D006632:Histamine; D002118:Calcium