title: Variability in hospital-based brain death guidelines in Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Variability has been reported in the practices to determine death by neurological criteria for adults and children. The objective of this study was to determine if this variability exists in the Canadian context.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of the Canadian intensive care units (ICUs) involved in the care of potential organ donors, and Canadian organ procurement organizations (OPOs) was undertaken. We contacted the medical directors of these units and asked them to provide their guidelines for the neurological determination of death (NDD). A framework, which identifies key diagnostic criteria for NDD, was used to assess the content of all study documents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a response rate of 68%, we found that key diagnostic criteria for NDD were incorporated inconsistently in the guidelines from Canadian ICUs and OPOs. Areas of concern include omissions in: the testing of brainstem reflexes; components of the apnea test; indications for the use of supplementary testing; wait intervals prior to performing the first NDD examination; the definition of NDD; and potential confounding factors. In addition, inconsistencies were found pertaining to wait intervals required between examinations and the legal timing of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reinforce the need to standardize the practice of the neurological determination of death in Canadian centres, which has the potential to reduce practice variation. Clear medical standards for NDD augment the quality, rigour and credibility of this determination.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, 2300 Tupper Street, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hornby
authors.forename: Sam D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shemie
authors.forename: Jeanni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001049:Apnea / Q000175:diagnosis; D001926:Brain Death / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D017408:Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D016134:Organizational Policy; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D014019:Tissue Donors