title: Communication between the corpus cavernosum penis and the corpus spongiosum penis in a bull diagnosed by modified contrast cavernosography: A case report.
abstract: Traditional methods of penile cavernosography failed to reveal a vascular defect or shunt from the corpus cavernosum penis of a 6-yr-old Brahman bull with a history of acquired failure of penile erection. When a tourniquet was applied to the penis and the contrast medium was introduced into the corpus cavernosum penis under pressure, however, a communication between the corpus cavernosum penis and corpus spongiosum penis was demonstrated. In a normal bull, cavernosography with the introduction of contrast medium under pressure produced a normal radiographic appearance. It is suggested that modification of accepted techniques of cavernosography to incorporate injection of contrast medium under pressure is useful in diagnosing this particular type of vascular abnormality, and may also aid in the detection of smaller vascular shunts from the corpus cavernosum penis to the superficial penile vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa.
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: van den Berg