title: Nipple reconstruction using a modified arrow flap technique.
abstract: Nipple reconstruction is the perfection of breast reconstruction. Although many reconstruction techniques are available, all come with the risk of projection loss. Most of the commonly used local flap techniques give reliable immediate results, but are associated with a loss in projection of 50 to almost 70% over the first three postoperative years. We herein present a modification of the nipple reconstruction technique as presented by Thomas et al. in 1996. By forming a deepithelialized area when closing the skin donor site, a firm foundation plate for the new nipple is created. The authors observed that this solid foundation plate, as well as the separation of the nipple cavity of the subcutaneous fat, results in less nipple projection loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schoeller
authors.forename: Heinrich M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pülzl
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wechselberger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome