title: Iron deficiency is a common cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease and can often be corrected with intravenous iron.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is some epidemiological and clinical evidence that the anemia seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients not on dialysis could be due to a significant extent to iron deficiency, and that adequate iron replacement could cause a marked improvement in the anemia even without the use of erythropoietin (EPO). The purpose of this work was to study the effects of intravenous (i.v.) iron administration (ferric gluconate - Ferrlecit) on hemoglobin (Hb) of patients with CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven consecutive patients with CKD with Hb <12 g/dL in whom no underlying cause for the anemia could be found underwent sternal bone marrow biopsy and had their red cell and blood iron parameters measured. They then received 250 mg of ferric gluconate (Ferrlecit) intravenously twice monthly for 3 months, and had their blood parameters measured 1 month later. No patient received erythropoietin (EPO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six patients had no evidence of any iron deposits in the bone marrow - consistent with the presence of severe iron deficiency. The mean serum ferritin and %transferrin saturation prior to treatment were 235.9 +/- 54.3 ug/L and 13.5 +/- 4.1%, respectively, and both increased significantly with the iron treatment. Mean Hb increased from 10.16 +/- 1.32 to 11.96 +/- 1.52 g/dL, an increase of 1.80 +/- 1.72 g/dL (p<0.01). Twenty-six patients (55.3%) reached the target Hb of 12 g/dL. Ten patients (21.3%) had an increase of 0.1-0.9 g/dL, nine patients (19.1%) had an increase of 1-1.9 g/dL and 23 patients (48.9%) had an increase of >or= 2 g/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iron deficiency is frequently seen in anemic CKD patients not on dialysis and its correction with i.v. iron will often cause a marked increase in the Hb level, and the achievement of the target Hb of 12 g/dL even without EPO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel. gotloib@012.net.il
authors.forename: Lazaro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gotloib
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Silverberg
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fudin
authors.forename: Avshalom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shostak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D006397:Hematinics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; C035552:ferric gluconate