title: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: five years of experience in a pediatric intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in daily clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric intensive care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Patients treated by NPPV, regardless of the indication, during five consecutive years (2000-2004).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 114 patients were included, and 83 of the 114 patients (77%) were successfully treated by NPPV without intubation (NPPV success group). The success rate of NPPV was significantly lower (22%) in the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (p < .05) than in the other patients. The Pediatric Risk of Mortality II (p = .003) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction scores (p = .002) at admission were significantly higher in patients who were unsuccessfully treated with NPPV (NPPV failure group). Baseline values of Pco2, pulse oximetry, and respiratory rate did not differ between the two groups. A significant decrease in Pco2 and respiratory rate within the first 2 hrs of NPPV was observed in the NPPV success group. Multivariate analysis showed that a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio, 76.8; 95% confidence interval, 4.4-1342; p = .003) and a high Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.17; p = .01) were independent predictive factors for NPPV failure. A total of 11 patients (9.6%), all belonging to the NPPV failure group, died during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of NPPV in the daily practice of a pediatric intensive care unit. This ventilatory support could be proposed as a first-line treatment in children with acute respiratory distress, except in those with a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Kremlin-Bicetre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Essouri
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chevret
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fauroux
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Devictor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome