title: Relations between carotid artery wall thickness and liver histology in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with several metabolic syndrome features. We assessed whether NAFLD is associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and whether such an association is independent of classical risk factors, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome features.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared carotid IMT, as assessed by ultrasonography, in 85 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 160 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched healthy control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NAFLD patients had a markedly greater carotid IMT (1.14 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.82 +/- 0.12 mm; P < 0.001) than control subjects. The metabolic syndrome (according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria) and its individual components were more frequent in those with NAFLD (P < 0.001). The marked differences in carotid IMT observed between the groups were only slightly weakened after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking history, LDL cholesterol, insulin resistance (by homeostasis model assessment), and metabolic syndrome components. Notably, carotid IMT was strongly associated with degree of hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis among NAFLD patients (P < 0.001 for all). Similarly, by logistic regression analysis, the severity of histological features of NAFLD independently predicted carotid IMT (P < 0.001) after adjustment for all potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the severity of liver histopathology among NAFLD patients is strongly associated with early carotid atherosclerosis, independent of classical risk factors, insulin resistance, and the presence of metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore-don Calabria, Via Sempreboni 5, 37024 Negrar (VR), Italy. targher@sacrocuore.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Targher
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodella
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zoppini
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zenari
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cigolini
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falezza
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arcaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014280:Triglycerides