title: Genetic localization and heterologous expression of validamycin biosynthetic gene cluster isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. limoneus KCCM 11405 (IFO 12704).
abstract: The validamycin biosynthetic gene cluster was isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. limoneus KTCC 1715 (IFO 12704) using a pair of degenerated PCR primers designed from the sequence of AcbC, 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone synthase in the acarbose biosynthesis. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the 37-kb DNA region revealed 22 complete ORFs including vldA, the acbC ortholog. Located around vldA, vldB to K were predicted to encode adenyltransferase, kinase, ketoreductase (or epimerase/dehydratase), glycosyltransferase, aminotransferase, dehydrogenase, phosphatase/phosphomutase, glycosyl hydrolase, transport protein, and glycosyltransferase, respectively. Apparently absent were any regulatory components within the sequenced region. The disruption of vldA abolished the validamycin biosynthesis and the plasmid-based complementation with vldABC restored production to the vldA-mutant; this substantiated that vldABC are essential to validamycin biosynthesis. This finding enabled us to discover the complete validamycin biosynthetic cluster. The cosmid clone of pJWS3001 harboring the 37-kb DNA region conferred validamycin-accumulation to Streptomyces lividans, indicating that the entire gene cluster of validamycin biosynthesis had been isolated. Additionally, Streptomyces albus, transformed with pJWS3001, produced a high level of alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity in a R2YE liquid culture, which highlights the portability of the cluster within Streptomyces. The product of vldI was characterized as a glucoamylase (kcat, 32 s(-1); K(m), 5 mg/ml of starch) that does not play any apparent role in the validamycin biosynthesis. In order to characterize the upstream region, a vldW knockout was achieved via gene-replacement. A phenotypic study of the resulting mutant revealed that vldW is not essential for the host's ability to control Pellicularia filamentosa growth. The current information suggests that vldA to vldH is the genetic region essential to validamycin biosynthesis. This promises excellent opportunities to elucidate biosynthetic route(s) to the validamycin complex and to engineer the pathway for industrial application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Myongji University, Yongin, 449-728, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Myung-Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hyung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Arishma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajkarnikar
authors.forename: Kyoung-Rok
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon-Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003360:Cosmids / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D007294:Inositol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics; D048170:Streptomyces lividans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007294:Inositol; C003749:validamycins