title: Atypical neuroleptics as a treatment of agitation and anxiety in Alzheimer's disease: risks or benefits.
abstract: Behavioral problems produce excess disability that can be potentially devastating in cognitively impaired patients. These behavioral symptoms can be a major cause of stress, anxiety and concern for caregivers. While psychotropic drugs are frequently used to control these symptoms, they have the potential for significant side effects, which include sedation, disinhibition, depression, falls, incontinence, parkinsonism and akathisias. On examination of the consequences of adverse events, somnolence, as well as postural instability and postural hypotension, have been noted. All patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other progressive dementias will advance through stages of moderate-to-severe AD unless effective treatments suspend transition from mild deterioration to dementia, or competitive mortality truncates survival. Treatment trials suggest that these patients respond to both disease-modifying (such as inhibitors of cholinesterase and butirrylcholinesterase) and symptomatic (such as neuroleptics) agents. Relatively few studies have been conducted in this patient population, and more information regarding the type of behavioral disturbances exhibited, how best to measure them in this disabled population and their optimum treatment are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Università di Trieste, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Neurologia, UCO di Neurologia dell'Università degli Studi di Trieste, Ospedale di Cattinara, 34149 Trieste, Italy. moretti@univ.trieste.it
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torre
authors.forename: Rodolfo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Antonello
authors.forename: Gilberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pizzolato
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents