title: Differences in disease outcomes between medicaid and privately insured children: possible health disparities in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between health insurance status and disease outcome in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  JRA patients followed at a tertiary pediatric rheumatology center were assessed for the number of active joints and number of joints with limited range of motion. Disease activity, patient well-being, and pain were measured. Disability was assessed by the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, health-related quality of life by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scale, and the PedsQL Rheumatology Module. Health care resource utilization was estimated based on the number of billing events for health services coded in administrative databases; these databases also provided information on patient health insurance status. Children insured by Medicaid or similar state programs for low-income families were considered to have Medicaid status. Disease outcomes of children with Medicaid status was compared with that of children with private health insurance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty (14%) of the 295 children with JRA had Medicaid status. Patients with Medicaid status were more often of nonwhite race (P < or = 0.04) and more frequently had a polyarticular or systemic disease course (P = 0.04) compared with other patients (n = 255). After correction for differences in disease duration, race, JRA onset, and JRA course between groups, children with Medicaid status continued to have significantly higher disability (P < 0.0003), and lower mean PedsQL Generic Core Scale scores (P < 0.05), while health resource utilization appeared similar between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite apparently similar health resource utilization and joint involvement, Medicaid status is associated with significantly lower health-related quality of life and higher disability in JRA.
authors.affiliation: William Rowe Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. hermine.brunner@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Hermine I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Janalee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.forename: Melinda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: Sandy L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Paula G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Melson
authors.forename: Uma R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Kotagal
authors.forename: T Brent
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Murray H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Passo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017057:Medically Uninsured / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017149:Private Sector; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires