title: Endoscopic transaxillary capsulectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Traditionally, breast implant extraction and capsulectomy have been performed using a transareolar approach. However, this approach is not acceptable to Chinese patients because of the additional scar formation. The authors present their experience with capsulectomy using transaxillary endoscopic assistance without the need for an additional incision.
  
  
  METHODS
  The former transaxillary incisional scar for augmentation mammoplasty is used. Blunt dissection is performed to the outer surface of the fibrous capsule. A 30 degrees , 10-mm endoscope is placed through the axillary incision to dissect the outer surface of the capsule. After this is finished, the capsule is cauterized open, and extraction is completed. Transaxillary capsulectomy is performed under endoscopic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2003 to 2005, a total of 30 breasts involving 15 patients were treated. The follow-up period was 4 to 6 months, with favorable results. No scar was left on the breast, and no additional scar was made. No liquid accumulation was identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic transaxillary capsulectomy can be completed through the axillary incision. The technique successfully removed the fibrous capsule, eliminated the needed for an incision on the breast, and created an incision far from the breast for completion of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Medical School, China. yuoli@sh163a.sta.net.cn
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018427:Breast Implants; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012086:Reoperation