title: Repeated insemination in Michigan Holstein-Friesian cattle: Incidence, descriptive epidemiology and estimated economic impact.
abstract: Twenty-two Michigan dairy herds participating in a computerized herd-health program were studied to determine the incidence and epidemiologic characteristics of repeat-breeder syndrome. A cow with repeat-breeder syndrome was defined as having been inseminated three or more times within the same lactation. Repeat-breeder syndrome was observed in 24% of 3,309 lactations. Cost components associated with unsuccessful inseminations included costs of delayed conception, extra inseminations, extra veterinary service and losses due to culling. Lactations with repeat-breeder syndrome were associated with a loss of approximately $385. An estimated extra cost of $140 was associated with a second insemination, $279 with three inseminations, $429 with four inseminations and $612 with five inseminations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mather