title: Effects of half-dose aprotinin in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of half-dose aprotinin in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery have not yet been described. The present prospective study was designed to investigate its effects in OPCAB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients were randomized into two groups, receiving aprotinin (1 x 10(6) Kallikrein-inactivating units [KIU] loading dose before surgery and 5 x 10(5) KIU/h during surgery, gross dose: 2.5 x 10(6) KIU, n=36) and saline solution (control, n=40) respectively. Perioperative blood samples were collected. Hematologic and hemostatic parameters including platelet adhesion rate, D-dimer, and fibrinopeptide-A (FPA) were analyzed. Perioperative CKMB release was measured. Volume of blood loss, blood transfusion, and other clinical data were recorded throughout the perioperative period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative blood loss was significantly reduced in patients treated with aprotinin (2 hours; median [25th-75th]: aprotinin: 90.0 [70.0-125.0] ml, control: 145.0 [70.0-180.0] ml, P<0.05; 6 hours: aprotinin: 150.0 [100.0-220.0] ml, control: 225.0 [200.0-347.5.0] ml, P<0.01; 24 hours: aprotinin: 370.0 [220.0-510.0] ml, control: 655.0 [500.0-920.0] ml, P<0.01). The number of patients receiving blood transfusion in each group was similar. Levels of D-dimer rose significantly after surgery, and were significantly lower in the aprotinin group than in the controls (end of surgery, aprotinin, 0.4 [0.2-0.5] mg/l versus controls, 1.4 [0.8-2.3] mg/l; 2 hours, aprotinin, 0.3 [0.2-0.4] mg/l versus controls, 0.9 [0.5-1.4] mg/l; 6 hours, aprotinin, 0.3 [0.2-0.5] mg/l versus controls, 0.6 [0.4-0.9] mg/l; 24 hours, aprotinin, 0.3 [0.2-0.4] mg/l versus controls, 0.5 [0.4-0.9] mg/l; ANOVA for repeated measures, P<0.01). Platelet adhesion rate and FPA levels remained at baseline levels after the operation in the two groups. Early clinical outcomes were similar in the groups. Levels of CKMB were significantly lower in the aprotinin group than in the controls (6 hours after surgery, aprotinin, 10.0 [8.0-16.0] U/l versus controls, 15.5 [11.0-20.3] U/l; 12 hours, aprotinin, 13.5 [10.0-20.0] U/l versus controls, 19.0 [12.8-24.3] U/l; 24 hours, aprotinin, 19.0 [13.5-33.8] U/l versus controls, 25.0 [15.0-43.3] U/l; 72 hours, aprotinin, 13.0 [8.0-18.0] U/l versus controls, 16.0 [10.0-29.0] U/l; ANOVA for repeated measures, P=0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that half-dose aprotinin limits fibrinolysis and myocardial injury, and reduces blood loss after OPCAB surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, #93 Xi'an Dao, Heping District, 300051 Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China. minxinw@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Minxin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Kaitao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Peijun
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiange
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarkka
mesh_terms: D007611:Aprotinin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005344:Fibrinopeptide A / Q000032:analysis; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010973:Platelet Adhesiveness; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006490:Hemostatics; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D005344:Fibrinopeptide A; D007611:Aprotinin; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form