title: Erectile dysfunction as a predictor of the metabolic syndrome in aging men: results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic syndrome, characterized by central obesity, insulin dysregulation, abnormal lipids and borderline hypertension, is a precursor state for cardiovascular disease. We determined whether erectile dysfunction is predictive of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study, a population based prospective cohort observed at 3 points during approximately 15 years (T(1)-1987 to 1989, T(2)-1995 to 1997, T(3)-2002 to 2004). The metabolic syndrome was defined by using a modification of the Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The association between erectile dysfunction and the metabolic syndrome was assessed using relative risks and 95% confidence intervals estimated using Poisson regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis was conducted of 928 men without the metabolic syndrome at T(1). There were 293 men with incident metabolic syndrome, of which 56 had erectile dysfunction at baseline. Body mass index and the presence of 1 or 2 conditions constituting the metabolic syndrome definition were the strongest predictors of the metabolic syndrome. The association of erectile dysfunction with the metabolic syndrome (unadjusted RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.01-1.81) was modified by body mass index, with a stronger effect of erectile dysfunction in men with body mass index less than 25 (adjusted RR 2.09, 95% CI 1.09-4.02), and no erectile dysfunction and metabolic syndrome association in men with body mass index 25 or greater (adjusted RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.76-1.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erectile dysfunction was predictive of the metabolic syndrome only in men with body mass index less than 25. This finding suggests that erectile dysfunction may provide a warning sign and an opportunity for early intervention in men otherwise considered at lower risk for the metabolic syndrome and subsequent cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, 9 Galen Street, Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
authors.forename: Varant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kupelian
authors.forename: Ridwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shabsigh
authors.forename: Andre B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio