title: Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus reduces the cerebral tissue oxygenation index in preterm infants: a near-infrared spectroscopy and Doppler study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligature on cerebral oxygen saturation, cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow velocity by means of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and transcranial Doppler simultaneous examinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational study considering 16 babies of gestational age 24-34 weeks diagnosed with PDA who underwent surgical ligation. The cerebral oxygen saturation, CBV and blood gases values were obtained 35 min before ligation, so also around the 14th and 27th min after the clip's insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cerebral oxygen saturation, measured as tissue oxygenation index (TOI), decreased significantly after PDA ligation from a basal value of 61.1 (3.8) before surgery to 56.6 (3.3) and 55.8 (2.6)%, for the 14th and 27th min, respectively (P<0.04). CBV before and after clipping was unvaried. A negative correlation was found between DeltapH and DeltaCBV after ligation (R=0.52, P=0.03), whilst a positive correlation was found between DeltaCBV and DeltaP(aCO2) (R=0.62, P=0.009). pH increased at the 27th min post-ligation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NIRS is a tool for obtaining information on cerebral oxygen saturation and CBV changes during surgical PDA ligation at the bedside. A fall in TOI suggests an increased oxygen extraction during PDA surgery. The lack of increase in DeltaCBV or in diastolic flow velocity show that the PDA before the clipping did not limit cerebral blood flow, the drop in TOI suggests increased oxygen consumption over the clip and the need for accurate monitoring of oxygen utilization after the surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. zaramella@pediatra.unipd.it
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zaramella
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Freato
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quaresima
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartocci
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubino
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falcon
authors.forename: Lino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiandetti
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial