title: Evaluation of techniques for lung transplantation following donation after cardiac death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung transplantation using "donation after cardiac death" donors is a potential means to alleviate the shortage of suitable donor lungs for transplantation, but the practicality and utility of the various possible techniques need to be clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a dog model, we explored seven variations of standoff (ischemic) time (50 to 240 minutes), topical cooling (60 to 120 minutes), and flush cooling and cold storage (30 to 140 minutes) to mimic different human donor lung retrieval scenarios that can follow donation after cardiac death. The functional status of donation after cardiac death donor lungs was assessed initially with a 250 mL pulmonary arterial blood flush while ventilating with 100% oxygen and then on an ex-vivo perfusion rig for 120 minutes after retrieval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All lungs achieved an excellent pO2/FiO2 ratio ranging from 472 to 586 with stable pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance and no net weight gain (952 +/- 221 g versus 1,006 +/- 235 g) during the 120-minute evaluation period. Initial blood flush correlated well with measured perfusion rig pO2 at 30 minutes (R2 = 0.63).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This canine study suggests that lungs donated after cardiac death are reproducibly useable for transplantation with ischemic times of as long as 60 minutes. Although more study is needed, a blood flush evaluation is simple and may have a role as a secondary allograft assessment tool. The existing techniques of donor lung evaluation and preservation after donation following cardiac death thus appear both feasible and practical.
authors.affiliation: Lung Transplant Service, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. g.snell@alfred.org.au
authors.forename: Gregory I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Snell
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oto
authors.forename: Bronwyn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levvey
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McEgan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mennan
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Trevor J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenfeldt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002951:Citrates; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D003643:Death; D004285:Dogs; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007511:Ischemia; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010477:Perfusion; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; C070005:Perfadex; D010100:Oxygen