title: Assessment of neuromuscular and haemodynamic activity in individuals with and without chronic low back pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biering-Sørenson (1984) found that individuals with less lumbar extensor muscle endurance had an increased occurrence of first episode low back pain. As a result, back endurance tests have been recommended for inclusion in health assessment protocols. However, different studies have reported markedly different values for endurance times, leading some researchers to believe that the back is receiving support from the biceps femoris and gluteus maximus. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the haemodynamic and neuromuscular activity of the erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus maximus musculature during the Biering-Sørenson Muscular Endurance Test (BSME).
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen healthy individuals and 46 individuals with chronic low back pain performed the Biering-Sørenson Muscular Endurance Test while surface electromyography was used to quantify neuromuscular activity. Disposable silver-silver-chloride electrodes were placed in a bipolar arrangement over the right or left biceps femoris, gluteus maximus, and the lumbosacral paraspinal muscles at the level of L3. Near Infrared Spectroscopy was used simultaneously to measure tissue oxygenation and blood volume changes of the erector spinae and biceps femoris.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The healthy group displayed a significantly longer time to fatigue (Healthy: 168.5s, LBP: 111.1s; p < or = 0.05). Significant differences were shown in the median frequency slope of the erector spinae between the two groups at 90-100% of the time to fatigue while no significant differences were noted in the haemodynamic data for the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the BSME has been recognized as a test for back endurance, individuals with chronic LBP appear to incorporate a strategy that may help support the back musculature by utilizing the biceps femoris and gluteus maximus to a greater degree than their healthy counterparts.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: McKeon
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.
authors.forename: Wayne J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
authors.forename: J Patrick
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neary