title: [Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Cambridge Depersonalisation Scale (CDS) is a self-rating questionnaire constructed to capture the frequency and duration of depersonalization symptoms over the last six months. The instrument has proved to be valid and reliable and can be useful in both clinical and neurobiological research.
  
  
  METHODS
  This paper presents the Spanish adaptation and validation of the CDS. The study was carried out in two stages. First, we developed the Spanish version of the CDS by means of a cross-cultural adaptation methodology. Second, the CDS was tried on a sample of 130 subjects: 77 patients meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia, 35 with depression disorders and 18 with anxiety disorders. Scores were compared against clinical diagnoses (gold standard). Furthermore, all the subjects of the study were administered the following: Dissociation Experiences Scale (DES), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  38 patients (29.2 %) had depersonalization symptoms. The scale showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha > 0.9 and split-half reliability > 0.8) and a test-retest reliability of 0.391. Convergent validity was 0.65 (p < 0.001) and discriminant validity was 0.308 (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.94. A cut-off of 71 appears to be most useful (sensitivity and specificity were 76.3 % and 89.1 %, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the CDS has good reliability and validity, similar to the original instrument.
authors.affiliation: Equipo de Salud Mental, Talarrubias, (Badajoz). juan.molina@ses.juntaex.es
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Molina Castillo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martínez de la Iglesia
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albert Colomer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berrios
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luque Luque
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D003861:Depersonalization / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires