title: In vitro down regulation of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS tolerance in pig CD14+ cells.
abstract: LPS tolerance is characterized by a reduced sensitivity to subsequent challenge of LPS. In human and mouse models LPS tolerance is closely associated with marked unbalanced production of leukocyte-derived inflammatory mediators which, when overexpressed, led to septic syndrome and shock. Here we characterized the in vitro induction of LPS tolerance in porcine CD14+ spleen cells in order to give insights into LPS tolerance in pigs. Following LPS stimulation, TNF-alpha and, to a minor extent, IL-8 production showed a significant reduction in CD14+ spleen monocytes that were pretreated with LPS in comparison to naïve cells, while IL-1beta production was slightly influenced by LPS stimulation and it was not affected by subsequent LPS challenge. Our findings showed that porcine CD14+ cells undergo a process, which resembles LPS tolerance, providing evidence that swine represent a valuable and useful model to perform experiments to study LPS tolerance and its biological significance.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via Salvemini 1, 006100 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cagiola
authors.forename: Severi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giulio
authors.forename: Menichelli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miriam
authors.forename: Forti
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Katia
authors.forename: Petrucci
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paola
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macrì
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasquali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha