title: Tuberculous otitis media: a clinical and radiologic analysis of 52 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study reports on the clinical and radiologic features and the treatment outcomes of patients with tuberculous otitis media (TOM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 52 patients (53 ears) with TOM between 1993 and 2005 and analyzed temporal bone computed tomography scans of 23 patients. The diagnosis of TOM was made if a specimen of the middle ear revealed the presence of acid fast bacilli (AFB), grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tb) on a culture, revealed characteristic histology, and/or was positive for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M. Tb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest incidence of the disease was observed among patients in their 30s. The main symptom was otorrhea, and the duration of symptoms was shorter than with nonspecific chronic otitis media. Most patients demonstrated a moderate to severe hearing loss. Five patients (9.6%) demonstrated a peripheral-type facial palsy. Temporal bone CT scans demonstrated relatively well-pneumatized mastoids and occupation by soft tissue of the entire tympanum and mastoid air cells. Six patients demonstrated bone destruction that involved the cortex of the mastoid bone. In most patients, antituberculous medication was effective treatment. The patients who underwent chemotherapy after surgery achieved more rapid healing of the ear and more frequent closure of the tympanic membrane than those who did not receive surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion and be aware of the clinical and radiologic characteristics of TOM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hyun-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Dong-Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Myung-Gu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery