title: Secretory IgA, salivary peroxidase, and catalase-mediated microbicidal activity during hydrogen peroxide catabolism in viridans streptococci: pathogen coaggregation.
abstract: Viridans streptococci can kill methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) through the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, several hundred viridans streptococci cells are necessary to kill 1 cfu of MRSA. We analyzed the potency of bactericidal and fungicidal effector molecules induced by catabolism of H2O2 in the oral cavity. Secretory IgA (SIgA) and an unidentified salivary component bound Streptococcus sanguinis, a viridans streprococcus, and MRSA into coaggregates. In these coaggregates, salivary peroxidase and the MRSA catalase produced singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) from H2O2 produced by viridans streptococci. SIgA converted 1O2 into ozone, which has potent bactericidal and fungicidal activity. We calculated that <10 cfu of Streptococcus sanguinis were necessary to kill 1 cfu of MRSA in the coaggregate. SIgA, Aspergillus niger catalase, and H2O2 in saliva killed Candida albicans, which is highly resistant to reagent H2O2. Together with indigenous bacteria and innate immunity, SIgA potentially constitutes a novel system that may sustain oral homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu Oko-cho Nankoku, Japan. ue3527@jeans.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Agematsu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuramoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D010126:Ozone / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections; D013343:Styrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D034363:Viridans Streptococci / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D013343:Styrenes; D010126:Ozone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; C105064:4-vinylbenzoic acid