title: Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in the United States, 1993-2002.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the United States, rotavirus gastroenteritis remains a common disease of children that results in many hospitalizations, clinic visits and medical costs. It is a common cause of morbidity and is associated with a high economic burden in developing countries. Prevention of hospitalizations is the primary target of rotavirus vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  To update estimates of rotavirus hospitalization rates in the United States, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 10 years of national hospitalization data associated with gastroenteritis and used both direct and indirect methods to estimate the percentage of cases associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 1993-2002, an average of 18% of all hospitalizations with gastroenteritis among children <5 years old were associated with rotavirus infection as determined by the rotavirus-specific International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification code. The annual proportion of rotavirus-associated hospitalizations increased from 15% in 1993-1995 to 21% in 2000-2002. Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus and those associated with nonspecific gastroenteritis had a marked winter-time seasonality and similar age distribution, which peaked among children between 3 and 24 months old. Using indirect estimation methods, 58,000 to 70,000 rotavirus-associated hospitalizations were estimated to occur each year in the United States.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rotavirus gastroenteritis remains an important cause of hospitalizations in the United States, and the rate has not declined from 1993 through 2002.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Enteric Virus Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Myrna D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: Aaron T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Curns
authors.forename: Umesh D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bresee
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology