title: Long-term outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical management of chronic pelvic pain: one year after evaluation in a pelvic pain specialty clinic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe long-term outcomes for women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) after evaluation in a CPP specialty clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational cohort study of women treated for CPP at the UNC Pelvic Pain clinic between 1993 and 2000. The primary outcome was improvement in pain and the main exposure was treatment group: primarily medical (pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, physical therapy, or combinations of the 3) or surgical (hysterectomy, resection or ablative procedures, oophrectomy, diagnostic surgery, pain mapping, vulvar or vestibular repair). Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed to look for relationships between background characteristics, treatment group, and improvement in pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 370 participants; 189 had surgical treatment and 181 had medical treatment. One year after evaluation, 46% reported improvement in pain and 32% improvement in depression. Improvement in pain was similar in both treatment groups and odds of improvement were equal even after adjusting for background characteristics, psychosocial comorbidity, and previous treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One year after evaluation in a CPP specialty clinic, women experienced modest improvements in pain and depression after recommended surgical or nonsurgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Laparoscopy and Pelvic Pain, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7508, USA. glamvu@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Georgine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamvu
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Denniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zolnoun
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wechter
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shortliffe
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fulton
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Steege
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012742:Sex Offenses; D016896:Treatment Outcome