title: A network of local and redundant gene regulation governs Arabidopsis seed maturation.
abstract: In Arabidopsis thaliana, four major regulators (ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 [ABI3], FUSCA3 [FUS3], LEAFY COTYLEDON1 [LEC1], and LEC2) control most aspects of seed maturation, such as accumulation of storage compounds, cotyledon identity, acquisition of desiccation tolerance, and dormancy. The molecular basis for complex genetic interactions among these regulators is poorly understood. By analyzing ABI3 and FUS3 expression in various single, double, and triple maturation mutants, we have identified multiple regulatory links among all four genes. We found that one of the major roles of LEC2 was to upregulate FUS3 and ABI3. The lec2 mutation is responsible for a dramatic decrease in ABI3 and FUS3 expression, and most lec2 phenotypes can be rescued by ABI3 or FUS3 constitutive expression. In addition, ABI3 and FUS3 positively regulate themselves and each other, thereby forming feedback loops essential for their sustained and uniform expression in the embryo. Finally, LEC1 also positively regulates ABI3 and FUS3 in the cotyledons. Most of the genetic controls discovered were found to be local and redundant, explaining why they had previously been overlooked. This works establishes a genetic framework for seed maturation, organizing the key regulators of this process into a hierarchical network. In addition, it offers a molecular explanation for the puzzling variable features of lec2 mutant embryos.
authors.affiliation: Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Unité Propre de Recherche 2355, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valon
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savino
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guilleminot
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Devic
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giraudat
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parcy
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009154:Mutation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C091601:ABI3 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C502726:FUSCA3 protein, Arabidopsis; C113191:LEC1 protein, Arabidopsis; C504240:LEC2 protein, Arabidopsis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors