title: [Randomized study comparing piroxicam analgesia and tramadol analgesia during outpatient electromagnetic extracorporeal lithotripsy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the efficacy of two types of analgesia protocols during outpatient electromagnetic extracorporeal lithotripsy (ESWL) with a STORZ Modulith SLX second generation lithotriptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy one patients were prospectively randomized to 2 groups. Group 1 (n-82) received 40 mg of Piroxicam IM, and group 2 (n=89) received 100 mg Tramadol IV Lithotripsy was performed in 2 sequences, T1 and T2, during which quantitative evaluation of pain (VE) was performed according to a VAS scale and qualitative evaluation of pain (QE) was performed according to the McGill questionnaire. Endpoints included the mean VE and QE pain scores at T1 and T2, the maximum power tolerated at T2, the postoperative pain at the 6th, 12th and 24th hours after ESWL, the pain score according to the power and according to the frequency and adverse effects. Comparisons were performed by analyses of variance (significant for p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed between the two groups for stone dimensions, duration and number of ESWL shots (p > 0.05) and significant difference was observedfor pain with the two drugs used. Pain was more severe as frequency and power increased. Only one intervention was stopped because of pain. Data analysis suggests that tramadol induces more adverse effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Piroxicam and tramadol are two analgesics commonly used in clinical practice and both are suitable for the treatment of pain during outpatient extracorporeal lithotripsy.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France.
authors.forename: Andréas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andréou
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sibert
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hacpille
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grise
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000698:Analgesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D010894:Piroxicam; D014147:Tramadol