title: Gallstones and gallbladder cancer-volume and weight of gallstones are associated with gallbladder cancer: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallstones are considered the most important risk factor for gallbladder cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify differences in the number, weight, volume, and density of gallstones associated with chronic cholecystitis (CC), gallbladder dysplasia (GD), and gallbladder cancer (GBC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 125 cases were selected, of which 93 had gallstones associated with GBC and 31 had gallstones associated with GD. The controls were those with CC, matched by sex and age. The number, weight, volume, and density of these gallstones were examined in order to determine differences and relative cancer risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Number: Multiple gallstones were present in over 76% of cases (GBC and GD) and controls (P = ns). The average number of multiple stones was 21 in GBC versus 14 in controls (P < 0.01). Weight: The average weight of the gallstones was 9.6 g in GBC versus 6.0 g in controls (P = 0.0004). The average weight in multiple stones over 10 g had strong association with GBC (P = 0.0006). Volume: The average volume was 11.7 and 6.48 ml in GBC and controls (P = 0.0002). Average volumes of 6, 8, and 10 ml had a relative cancer risk of 5, 7, and 11 times, respectively. Size: No differences were shown between GBC, GD, and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The volume of gallstones associated with other risk factors of GBC may be helpful in prioritizing cholecystectomies in symptomatic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. iroa@ufro.cl
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roa
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ibacache
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roa
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Araya
authors.forename: Xabier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: de Aretxabala
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D042882:Gallstones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors