title: Neutrophil depletion protects against murine acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.
abstract: We previously reported that liver natural killer (NK) and NKT cells play a critical role in mouse model of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury by producing interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and modulating chemokine production and subsequent recruitment of neutrophils into the liver. In this report, we examined the role of neutrophils in the progression of APAP hepatotoxicity. C57BL/6 mice were given an intraperitoneal toxic dose of APAP (500 mg/kg), which caused severe acute liver injury characterized by significant elevation of serum ALT, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and increased hepatic inflammatory cell accumulation. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated hepatic leukocytes demonstrated that the major fraction of increased hepatic leukocytes at 6 and 24 hours after APAP was neutrophils (Mac-1+ Gr-1+). Depletion of neutrophils by in vivo treatment with anti-Gr-1 antibody (RB6-8C5) significantly protected mice against APAP-induced liver injury, as evidenced by markedly reduced serum ALT levels, centrilobular hepatic necrosis, and improved mouse survival. The protection was associated with decreased FasL-expressing cells, cytotoxicity against hepatocytes, and respiratory burst in hepatic leukocytes. In intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1-deficient mice, APAP caused markedly reduced liver injury when compared with wild-type mice. The marked protection in ICAM-1-deficient mice was associated with decreased accumulation of neutrophils in the liver. Hepatic GSH depletion and APAP-adducts showed no differences among the antibody-treated, ICAM-1-deficient, and normal mice. In conclusion, accumulated neutrophils in the liver contribute to the progression and severity of APAP-induced liver injury.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, The Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. zxliu@usc.edu
authors.forename: Zhang-Xu
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Derick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Basuki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gunawan
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaplowitz
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015153:Blotting, Western; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D000082:Acetaminophen; D000410:Alanine Transaminase