title: Proteome analysis of yeast response to various nutrient limitations.
abstract: We compared the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (ammonia) limitation in chemostat cultivation at the proteome level. Protein levels were differentially quantified using unlabeled and 15N metabolically labeled yeast cultures. A total of 928 proteins covering a wide range of isoelectric points, molecular weights and subcellular localizations were identified. Stringent statistical analysis identified 51 proteins upregulated in response to glucose limitation and 51 upregulated in response to ammonia limitation. Under glucose limitation, typical glucose-repressed genes encoding proteins involved in alternative carbon source utilization, fatty acids beta-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation displayed an increased protein level. Proteins upregulated in response to nitrogen limitation were mostly involved in scavenging of alternative nitrogen sources and protein degradation. Comparison of transcript and protein levels clearly showed that upregulation in response to glucose limitation was mainly transcriptionally controlled, whereas upregulation in response to nitrogen limitation was essentially controlled at the post-transcriptional level by increased translational efficiency and/or decreased protein degradation. These observations underline the need for multilevel analysis in yeast systems biology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemieke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kolkman
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daran-Lapujade
authors.forename: Asier
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fullaondo
authors.forename: Maurien M A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Olsthoorn
authors.forename: Jack T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Pronk
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Slijper
authors.forename: Albert J R
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Heck
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015003:Yeasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000641:Ammonia; D005947:Glucose