title: Use of a surgical microscope and endoscope to maximize the success of periradicular surgery.
abstract: The introduction of microsurgical principles in endodontic surgery involving techniques used for the preparation of root-end cavities brought about an investigation for ways of improving the visualization of the surgical field. The surgical microscope can be used in combination with the endoscope to enhance visibility during periradicular surgery. In this presentation, the authors highlight the application and analysis of these two magnification devices during endodontic microsurgery.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Galeazzi Institute, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taschieri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Fabbro
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Testori
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Francetti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*