title: Comparative efficacies, toxicities, and tissue concentrations of amphotericin B lipid formulations in a murine pulmonary aspergillosis model.
abstract: Invasive aspergillosis, an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed (IS) patients, is often treated with amphotericin B lipid formulations. In the present study, liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) and amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) were compared in treatment of murine pulmonary aspergillosis. Uninfected, IS mice were treated for 4 days with 1, 4, 8, or 12 mg L-AMB or ABLC/kg of body weight, and their lungs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for drug concentrations. IS mice intranasally challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus were treated with 12, 15, or 20 mg/kg L-AMB or ABLC and monitored for survival, fungal burden (CFU), and tissue drug concentration. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and kidney histopathology were determined for uninfected and infected mice given 15 or 20 mg/kg L-AMB or ABLC. The results showed that both drugs had therapeutic levels of drug (>3.0 microg/g) in the lungs of uninfected or infected mice, and 24 h after the last dose, ABLC levels were significantly higher than L-AMB levels (P < 0.02). L-AMB and ABLC at 12 mg/kg both produced 57% survival, but only L-AMB at 15 or 20 mg/kg further increased survival to 80 to 90%, with BUN levels and kidney morphology similar to those of controls. Survival at 15 or 20 mg/kg ABLC was not significantly different than that of controls, and BUN levels were significantly elevated, with tubular alterations in uninfected animals and acute necrosis in kidney tubules of infected animals. In conclusion, although both drugs were effective in prolonging survival at 12 mg/kg, the reduced nephrotoxicity of L-AMB increased its therapeutic index, allowing for its safe and effective use at 15 or 20 mg/kg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 91768, USA.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Jill P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Adler-Moore
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Proffitt
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000473:pathology; D008081:Liposomes; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008081:Liposomes; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B