title: The RUNX3 tumor suppressor upregulates Bim in gastric epithelial cells undergoing transforming growth factor beta-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Genes involved in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway are frequently altered in several types of cancers, and a gastric tumor suppressor RUNX3 appears to be an integral component of this pathway. We reported previously that apoptosis is notably reduced in Runx3-/- gastric epithelial cells. In the present study, we show that a proapoptotic gene Bim was transcriptionally activated by RUNX3 in the gastric cancer cell lines SNU16 and SNU719 treated with TGF-beta. The human Bim promoter contains RUNX sites, which are required for its activation. Furthermore, a dominant negative form of RUNX3 comprised of amino acids 1 to 187 increased tumorigenicity of SNU16 by inhibiting Bim expression. In Runx3-/- mouse gastric epithelium, Bim was down-regulated, and apoptosis was reduced to the same extent as that in Bim-/- gastric epithelium. We confirmed comparable expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta receptors between wild-type and Runx3-/- gastric epithelia and reduction of Bim in TGF-beta1-/- stomach. These results demonstrate that RUNX3 is responsible for transcriptional up-regulation of Bim in TGF-beta-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukamachi
authors.forename: Xin-Zi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Hee-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouillet
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Suk-Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C493730:Runx3 protein, mouse; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D004247:DNA