title: Frozen bovine semen quality and bovine cervical mucus penetration test.
abstract: Research has been carried out to test bovine cervical mucus penetration (penetration) as a means for evaluating frozen-thawed bovine semen. A commercially available cervical mucus penetration test kit (the kit) was used. A total of 158 previously frozen semen samples collected from 61 bulls were thawed in a 37 C water-bath for 2 minutes. Four ways to estimate penetration were compared using the distance traveled during 90 minutes 1) at 21 C, or 2) at 37 C, by 3) the first solitary mobile spermatozoon, or by 4) the front of the mass of the mobile spermatozoa. Penetration was measured using phase contrast microscopy and a millimeter grid. Spermatozoal quality parameters (concentration, total motility, progressive motility, acrosome integrity, total sperm integrity and cytoplasmic droplets) were measured and the correlation to penetration was calculated. The best way to assay penetration with the kit was by measuring the penetration of the first solitary mobile spermatozoon at 37 C. Semen quality variability was significant (P < 0.05) relative to penetration. Linear correlations between penetration and acrosome integrity r=0.42 as well as between penetration and total sperm integrity r=0.53 were highly significant (P < 0.001). There was significant linear multiple regression between penetration and acrosome integrity (expressed as percentage and number) and total sperm integrity (expressed as percentage and number) (r=0.62; F=23.5147; P<0.0001). There was a significant difference between the average progressive motility of samples with penetration > 20 mm and samples with penetration </= 20 mm (30.5 vs 20.8; P </= 0.01). However there were semen samples (N = 8 123 ; 6.5%) with normal progressive motility (29.94 +/- 5.30) after thawing and low penetration (</= 20 mm). There was no linear correlation between penetration and fertility (60 days non-return percentage). Therefore the penetration can distinguish samples of frozen-thawed bovine semen with not good or good progressive motility (> 20%), but it is not useful to define the fertility level of semen samples.
authors.affiliation: Andrology Laboratory Consorzio Provinciale Fecondazione Artificiale Via Borgo Palazzo 128 I-24100 Bergamo, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basetti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balduzzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martignoni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bornaghi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maffii