title: Monitoring the photochemical degradation of triclosan in wastewater by UV light and sunlight using solid-phase microextraction.
abstract: Photo solid-phase microextraction (photo-SPME) is applied for the first time to study the photochemical behavior of an emerging pollutant, triclosan, in real contaminated wastewater samples using a solar simulator. In this study, water samples are extracted by SPME and then, the fiber coating is irradiated for a selected time. This on-fiber procedure, so-called photo-SPME, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry makes it possible to study photodegradation kinetics and the generation of byproducts. Several photoproducts were identified in the real samples including the 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, dichlorophenols and a compound tentatively identified as other DCDD congener or a dichlorohydroxydibenzofuran. Accordingly, it was possible to postulate main photodegradation mechanisms. Photo-SPME demonstrated slower kinetics in wastewater than in spiked ultrapure water probably due to the presence of dissolved organic matter. This technique was extensively compared with conventional aqueous photodegradation showing high similarity. The influence of pH on the triclosan photolysis and on the triclosan-dioxin conversion was also investigated in wastewater. Photodegradation of triclosan and formation of 2,8-DCDD occurred independently of sample pH. This study represents an advance in the use of photo-SPME to understand the photochemical fate of environmental organic pollutants and demonstrates its clear advantages with real samples.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Prado
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llompart
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lores
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Jares
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bayona
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cela
mesh_terms: D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010777:Photochemistry; D013472:Sunlight; D014260:Triclosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan