title: In vivo X-ray angiography in the mouse brain using synchrotron radiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We, for the first time, performed in vivo x-ray angiography in the mouse brain using SPring-8, a third-generation synchrotron radiation facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thin PE-50 tube was placed in the unilateral external carotid artery in adult male C57BL/6J mice. While maintaining the blood flow in the internal carotid artery, 33 muL of contrast agent was injected and then selective angiography of the hemisphere was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average diameters of cerebral artery were as follows: 142.5+/-7.90 microm in middle cerebral artery, 138.3+/-9.35 microm in anterior cerebral artery, 120.5+/-5.53 microm in posterior cerebral artery, and 162.6+/-10.87 microm in internal carotid artery (n=5). To demonstrate the changes in diameter, we induced hypercapnia and detected the dilatation of the vessels between 121% and 124% of the original diameters (n=5). We also repeated angiography in the mice before and after intracarotid injection of vasodilatation drugs papaverine hydrochloride, ATP disodium, and fasudil hydrochloride hydrate and demonstrated the chronological changes in the diameters in each artery at 1, 5, 15, and 30 minutes after injection (n=1 for each drug).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using only a minimum volume of the contrast agent, synchrotron radiation enables us to study x-ray angiography in the mouse brain. The morphology of the vessels can be clearly observed under physiological conditions. The diameters and their changes can also be successfully studied in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kidoguchi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizobe
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondoh
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kohmura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokono
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umetani
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002342:Carotid Artery, External; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013045:Species Specificity; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D010208:Papaverine; C049347:fasudil