title: Finding, confirming, and managing gonorrhoea in a population screened for chlamydia using the Gen-Probe Aptima Combo2 assay.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) within a population screened for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). To monitor confirmatory microscopy, culture, and partner findings following reactive Aptima Combo2 assay (AC2) gonorrhoea screening tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June and December 2004, all gonorrhoea screening tests performed using AC2 for clients taking part in the Liverpool Chlamydia Screening Programme were monitored. Clients with AC2 NG reactive results were referred to a local genitourinary medicine (GUM) department for confirmatory microscopy, culture, treatment, and partner follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  47 (1%) of 4680 women and eight (1.7%) of 473 men had AC2 reactive gonorrhoea screening tests. Of those clients who agreed to follow up and were tested before any treatment, supportive evidence for a gonorrhoea diagnosis was found in 37 (97%) of 38 women and all five men. In the population opportunistically screened for chlamydia, CT prevalence rates were 12% for women and 15.7% for men. Although both women and men showed a higher relative risk for NG if chlamydia positive, of the 47 women who were reactive for NG by AC2, 55% (26) were negative for chlamydia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexually transmitted infections are rising in England and reduction of gonorrhoea rates is an objective of the Department of Health Sexual Health and HIV Strategy. AC2 tests provide an acceptable and accurate means of testing for gonorrhoea in an asymptomatic population in the community. AC2 had a higher positive predictive value than might be suggested by previous clinical trials in this low prevalence population. Although antibiotic sensitivity must be monitored, AC2 testing may offer a more acceptable alternative to microscopy and culture for NG in some populations.
authors.affiliation: Liverpool and South Sefton Chlamydia Screening Programme, Liverpool, UK. sara.lavelle@pct.northliverpool.nhs.uk
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lavelle
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mallinson
authors.forename: A M C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification*