title: Novel amidine analogue of melphalan as a specific multifunctional inhibitor of growth and metabolism of human breast cancer cells.
abstract: A novel amidine analogue of melphalan (AB4) was compared to its parent drug, melphalan in respect to cytotoxicity, DNA and collagen biosynthesis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. It was found that AB4 was more active inhibitor of DNA and collagen synthesis as well more cytotoxic agent than melphalan. The topoisomerase I/II inhibition assay indicated that AB4 is a potent catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II. Data from the ethidium displacement assay showed that AB4 intercalated into the minor-groove at AT sequences of DNA. The greater potency of AB4 to suppress collagen synthesis was found to be accompanied by a stronger inhibition of prolidase activity and expression compared to melphalan. The phenomenon was related to the inhibition of beta(1)-integrin and IGF-I receptor mediated signaling caused by AB4. The expression of beta(1)-integrin receptor, as well as Sos-1 and phosphorylated MAPK, ERK(1) and ERK(2) but not FAK, Shc, and Grb-2 was significantly decreased in cells incubated for 24h with 20 microM AB4 compared to the control, not treated cells, whereas in the same conditions melphalan did not evoke any changes in expression of all these signaling proteins, as shown by Western immunoblot analysis. These results indicate the amidine analogue of melphalan, AB4 represent multifunctional inhibitor of breast cancer cells growth and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Technology, Medical University of Białystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland. kbiel@amb.edu.pl
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bielawski
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielawska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sosnowska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Miltyk
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winnicka
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pałka
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000378:metabolism; D004150:Dipeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D004214:Distamycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008558:Melphalan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009429:Netropsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000578:Amidines; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D004214:Distamycins; D019012:Integrin beta1; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; C512869:methyl 3-(4-(bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-2-(2-(4-((N-isopropyl)amidino)phenyl)furan-5-carboxamido)propanoate; D009429:Netropsin; C030000:stallimycin; D003094:Collagen; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D004150:Dipeptidases; C022449:proline dipeptidase; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; D008558:Melphalan; D013936:Thymidine