title: Efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in chronic heart failure: the HELAS study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not clear if long-term antithrombotic treatment has a beneficial effect on the incidence of thromboembolism in chronic heart failure (CHF). The HELAS study (Heart failure Long-term Antithrombotic Study) is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate antithrombotic treatment in patients with CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  197HF patients (EF <35%) were enrolled. Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease were randomised to receive either aspirin 325mg or warfarin. Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) were randomised to receive either warfarin or placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the data from 312 patient years showed an incidence of 2.2 embolic events per 100 patient years, with no significant difference between groups. The incidence of myocardial infarction, hospitalisation, exacerbation of heart failure, death and haemorrhage were not different between the groups. No peripheral or pulmonary emboli were reported. Echocardiographic follow-up for 2years showed an overall increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from 28.2+/-6 to 30.3+/-7 p<0.05, which was most obvious in patients with DCM taking warfarin (EF 26.8+/-5.3 at baseline, 30.7+/-10 at 2 years, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Overall embolic events are rare in heart failure regardless of treatment. (2) Treatment does not seem to affect outcome.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Hippokrateio Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dennis V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cokkinos
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Haralabopoulos
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kostis
authors.forename: Pavlos K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Toutouzas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000150:complications*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010919:Placebos; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D010919:Placebos; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin