title: 1,5-anhydroglucitol and postprandial hyperglycemia as measured by continuous glucose monitoring system in moderately controlled patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postprandial hyperglycemia is often inadequately assessed in diabetes management. Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) drops as serum glucose rises above the renal threshold for glucose and has been proposed as a marker for postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between 1,5-AG and postprandial hyperglycemia, as assessed by the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in suboptimally controlled patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and an HbA(1c) (A1C) between 6.5 and 8% with stable glycemic control were recruited from two sites. A CGMS monitor was worn for two consecutive 72-h periods. Mean glucose, mean postmeal maximum glucose (MPMG), and area under the curve for glucose above 180 mg/dl (AUC-180), were compared with 1,5-AG, fructosamine (FA), and A1C at baseline, day 4, and day 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1,5-AG varied considerably between patients (6.5 +/- 3.2 mug/ml [means +/- SD]) despite similar A1C (7.3 +/- 0.5%). Mean 1,5-AG (r = -0.45, P = 0.006) correlated with AUC-180 more robustly than A1C (r = 0.33, P = 0.057) or FA (r = 0.38, P = 0.88). MPMG correlated more strongly with 1,5-AG (r = -0.54, P = 0.004) than with A1C (r = 0.40, P = 0.03) or FA (r = 0.32, P = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1,5-AG reflects glycemic excursions, often in the postprandial state, more robustly than A1C or FA. 1,5-AG may be useful as a complementary marker to A1C to assess glycemic control in moderately controlled patients with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dungan
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Largay
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Button
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wittlin
mesh_terms: D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D019518:Postprandial Period; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003847:Deoxyglucose; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C006584:1,5-anhydroglucitol