title: Mirrored symptoms in mother and child with chronic fatigue syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim with this study was to assess the relation between chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents and fatigue and associated symptoms in their fathers and mothers, more specifically the presence of chronic fatigue syndrome-like symptoms and psychologic distress.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 40 adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria were compared with 36 healthy control subjects and their respective parents. Questionnaires regarding fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength), fatigue-associated symptoms, and psychopathology (Symptom Checklist-90) were applied to the children and their parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychologic distress in the mother corresponds with an adjusted odds ratio of 5.6 for the presence of CFS in the child. The presence of fatigue in the mother and dimensional assessment of fatigue with the Checklist Individual Strength revealed odds ratios of, respectively, 5.29 and 2.86 for the presence of chronic fatigue syndrome in the child. An increase of 1 SD of the hours spent by the working mother outside the home reduced the risk for chronic fatigue syndrome in their child with 61%. The fathers did not show any risk indicator for chronic fatigue syndrome in their child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome exhibit fatigue and psychologic symptoms similar to their child in contrast with the fathers. The striking difference between the absent association in fathers and the evident association in mothers suggests that the shared symptom complex of mother and child is the result of an interplay between genetic vulnerability and environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. e.vandeputte@wkz.azu.nl
authors.forename: Elise M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: van de Putte
authors.forename: Lorenz J P
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Doornen
authors.forename: Raoul H H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Engelbert
authors.forename: Wietse
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuis
authors.forename: Jan L L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kimpen
authors.forename: Cuno S P M
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Uiterwaal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*