title: A virulence and antimicrobial resistance DNA microarray detects a high frequency of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Great Lakes recreational waters.
abstract: Escherichia coli is generally described as a commensal species with occasional pathogenic strains. Due to technological limitations, there is currently little information concerning the prevalence of pathogenic E. coli strains in the environment. For the first time, using a DNA microarray capable of detecting all currently described virulence genes and commonly found antimicrobial resistance genes, a survey of environmental E. coli isolates from recreational waters was carried out. A high proportion (29%) of 308 isolates from a beach site in the Great Lakes carried a pathotype set of virulence-related genes, and 14% carried antimicrobial resistance genes, findings consistent with a potential risk for public health. The results also showed that another 8% of the isolates had unusual virulence gene combinations that would be missed by conventional screening. This new application of a DNA microarray to environmental waters will likely have an important impact on public health, epidemiology, and microbial ecology in the future.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montréal, Québec, Canada H4P 2R2.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamelin
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bruant
authors.forename: Abdel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Shaarawi
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Edge
authors.forename: Sadjia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bekal
authors.forename: John Morris
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fairbrother
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harel
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brousseau
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011998:Recreation; D012621:Seasons; D014481:United States; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial