title: Fluorescence-guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: a novel detection technique for parathyroid glands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Detection of normal and pathologic parathyroid glands often is difficult because of their variability in number and location. The feasibility and efficacy of a fluorescence technique for identifying parathyroids have already been proved in an experimental setting. This is the first report of human fluorescence-guided parathyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 72-year-old man with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent minimally invasive videoscopically assisted parathyroidectomy after photosensitization with aminolevulinic acid. Under special fluorescence illumination by the D-light, a unilateral directed neck exploration was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The enlarged adenoma and an atrophic parathyroid gland could be identified rapidly and removed because of their intense red fluorescence. Surrounding structures such as thyroid, muscles, and soft tissue remained nonfluorescent and could easily be distinguished from the parathyroid glands.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence technique represents a convincing visual detection method for intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands. The technique serves as an additional tool requiring only moderate technical and clinical expenditure for help in guiding dissection down to a preoperatively localized adenoma. When used together with preoperative ultrasonography and sestamibi scan, the fluorescence technique may justify a unilateral, minimally invasive approach for selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Prosst
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willeke
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schroeter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gahlen
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid; D001284:Atrophy; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid