title: PML nuclear bodies are highly organised DNA-protein structures with a function in heterochromatin remodelling at the G2 phase.
abstract: We have recently demonstrated that heterochromatin HP1 proteins are aberrantly distributed in lymphocytes of patients with immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial dysmorphy (ICF) syndrome. The three HP1 proteins accumulate in one giant body over the 1qh and 16qh juxtacentromeric heterochromatins, which are hypomethylated in ICF. The presence of PML (promyelocytic leukaemia) protein within this body suggests it to be a giant PML nuclear body (PML-NB). The structural integrity of PML-NBs is of major importance for normal cell functioning. Nevertheless, the structural organisation and the functions of these nuclear bodies remain unclear. Here, we take advantage of the large size of the giant body to demonstrate that it contains a core of satellite DNA with proteins being organised in ordered concentric layers forming a sphere around it. We extend these results to normal PML-NBs and propose a model for the general organisation of these structures at the G2 phase. Moreover, based on the presence of satellite DNA and the proteins HP1, BRCA1, ATRX and DAXX within the PML-NBs, we propose that these structures have a specific function: the re-establishment of the condensed heterochromatic state on late-replicated satellite DNA. Our findings that chromatin-remodelling proteins fail to accumulate around satellite DNA in PML-deficient NB4 cells support a central role for PML protein in this cellular function.
authors.affiliation: Inserm, Université de la Méditerranée, UMR491, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Depetris
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Usson
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metzler-Guillemain
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mignon-Ravix
authors.forename: Micheal J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Megarbane
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarda
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sirma
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moncla
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feunteun
authors.forename: Marie-Genevieve
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mattei
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D006570:Heterochromatin; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; C070576:PML protein, human; D004247:DNA