title: Phase I and pharmacokinetic evaluation of the combination of orally administered docetaxel and cyclosporin A in tumor-bearing dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the maximum tolerated dose and characterize the pharmacokinetic disposition of an orally administered combination of docetaxel and cyclosporin A (CSA) in dogs with tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 client-owned dogs with metastatic or advanced-stage refractory tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label, dose-escalation, single-dose, phase I study of docetaxel administered in combination with a fixed dose of CSA was conducted. Docetaxel (at doses of 1.5, 1.625, or 1.75 mg/kg) and CSA (5 mg/kg) were administered concurrently via gavage twice during a 3-week period. Plasma docetaxel concentrations were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic disposition was characterized by use of noncompartmental analysis. Dogs' clinical signs and results of hematologic and biochemical analyses were monitored for evidence of toxicosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No acute hypersensitivity reactions were observed after oral administration of docetaxel. Disposition of docetaxel was dose independent over the range evaluated, and pharmacokinetic variables were similar to those reported in previous studies involving healthy dogs, with the exception that values for clearance were significantly higher in the dogs reported here. The maximum tolerated dose of docetaxel was 1.625 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal signs of toxicosis were dose limiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of myelosuppression suggested that the docetaxel-CSA combination may be administered more frequently than the schedule used. Further studies are warranted to evaluate combination treatment administered on a biweekly schedule in dogs with epithelial tumors.
authors.affiliation: Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McEntee
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rassnick
authors.forename: Lionel D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Marsha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zgola
authors.forename: Bernard B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
authors.forename: Cheryl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Balkman
authors.forename: Rodney L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Page
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D016572:Cyclosporine