title: Assessment of cleaning and disinfection in Salmonella-contaminated poultry layer houses using qualitative and semi-quantitative culture techniques.
abstract: Salmonella infection of laying flocks in the UK is predominantly a problem of the persistent contamination of layer houses and associated wildlife vectors by Salmonella Enteritidis. Methods for its control and elimination include effective cleaning and disinfection of layer houses between flocks, and it is important to be able to measure the success of such decontamination. A method for the environmental detection and semi-quantitative enumeration of salmonellae was used and compared with a standard qualitative method, in 12 Salmonella-contaminated caged layer houses before and after cleaning and disinfection. The quantitative technique proved to have comparable sensitivity to the standard method, and additionally provided insights into the numerical Salmonella challenge that replacement flocks would encounter. Elimination of S. Enteritidis was not achieved in any of the premises examined although substantial reductions in the prevalence and numbers of salmonellae were demonstrated, whilst in others an increase in contamination was observed after cleaning and disinfection. Particular problems with feeders and wildlife vectors were highlighted. The use of a quantitative method assisted the identification of problem areas, such as those with a high initial bacterial load or those experiencing only a modest reduction in bacterial count following decontamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Environmental Safety, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wales
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breslin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D004199:Disease Vectors / Q000145:classification; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D006920:Hygiene; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000302:isolation & purification