title: In vitro labeling and MRI of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to label human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with poly-l-lysine (PLL)-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide particles and to obtain magnetic resonance (MR) images of the labeled MSCs' suspension at 1.5 T.
  
  
  METHODS
  PLL was conjugated with iron oxide to form superparamagnetic particles called Fe(2)O(3)-PLL. Human umbilical cord blood MSCs were isolated, purified, expanded and incubated with Fe(2)O(3)-PLL. Prussian blue stain was performed to show intracellular iron; spectrometry was used to quantify iron uptake within cells. Tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay was applied to evaluate toxicity and proliferation of MSCs labeled with various concentrations of Fe(2)O(3)-PLL. The cell apoptosis rate was determined by annexin V/propichium iodide (PI) double staining method. Vials containing cells underwent MR imaging (MRI) with T(1), T(2) and T(2)* weighted MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iron-containing intracytoplasmatic vesicles could be observed clearly with Prussian blue staining in all samples except the unlabeled control. The iron content per cell determined by spectrometry was 64.51+/-10.32 pg. Among MSCs with and without labeling of various concentrations of Fe(2)O(3)-PLL, MTT values of light absorption had no statistically significant difference (Kruskal-Wallis test, chi(2)=10.35, P=.17). A concentration at 20 mug/ml of iron appeared most suitable for incubating cells. Of labeled and unlabeled MSCs, the early [annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-positive/PI-negative] and late (annexin V-FITC-positive/PI-positive) apoptotic cells were 10.34+/-0.43%/11.36+/-1.30% and 4.01+/-1.76%/2.98+/-1.37%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between them (P>.05). T(2) weighted image (WI) and T(2)*WI demonstrated significant decrease of signal intensity (SI) in vials containing 1 x 10(6) (1 day), 1x10(6) (8 days) and 5 x 10(5) labeled cells, in comparison with unlabeled cells (P<.05). The percentage change of SI (DeltaSI) was significantly higher in 10(6) labeled cells after 1-day culture than that in the same number of labeled cells after 8-day culture and that in 5 x 10(5) labeled cells, particularly on T(2)*WI (P<.05). Among pulse sequences, T(2)*WI demonstrated the highest DeltaSI (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The human umbilical cord blood MSCs can be labeled with Fe(2)O(3)-PLL without significant change in viability and apoptosis. The suspension of labeled MSCs can be imaged with standard 1.5-T MR equipment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Shenghong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Gaojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yicheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C427127:superparamagnetic blood pool agent; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide