title: Single-sperm analysis for haplotype construction of de-novo paternal mutations: application to PGD for neurofibromatosis type 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the neurofibromin gene. Approximately, 50% of cases are caused by de-novo mutations. Even when the NF1 mutation is known, accuracy of PGD is highly enhanced by simultaneous analysis of linked markers. In a childless couple referred to PGD, the male carried a de-novo mutation, precluding the possibility of typing relatives to establish the mutation-associated haplotype. We developed a single-sperm haplotype analysis strategy to establish the haplotype linked to the NF1 mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spermatozoa from freshly ejaculated semen were used as a substrate for multiplex PCR on single sperm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to the NF1 mutation, six informative polymorphic markers flanking the NF1 gene (D17S1294, D17S1849, D17S841, D17S975, NF1TG2 and NF1AC5) were linked to individual alleles in single sperm from the affected male.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-sperm analysis established the haplotypes of both mutant and wild-type NF1 alleles and enabled the implementation of a PGD protocol using polymorphic marker analysis. This method is generally applicable to PGD for any disease in which the haplotype of paternal mutations cannot be determined by typing relatives.
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Altarescu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eldar-Geva
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Margalioth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levy-Lahad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016514:Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D009456:Neurofibromatosis 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers