title: Detection of prostate cancer at low and intermediate serum prostate-specific antigen levels in a country with a low incidence of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the cancer detection rate and the pathologic findings of biopsy in men at low and intermediate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in an Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients between 40 and 79 years were entered into a study and 755 patients with serum PSA level of 2.0-10.0 ng/ml underwent trus-guided systematic biopsy. Patients were divided to low (PSA 2.0-4.0 ng/ml, n = 144) and intermediate (PSA 4.1-10.0 ng/ml, n = 611) PSA groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the low PSA group had significantly smaller prostates (P = 0.003) and lower PSA density (P < 0.001). The rate of cancer detection was 16.7% (24 of 144) in the low PSA group and 23.7% (145 of 611) in the intermediate PSA group (P = 0.067). In men with normal digital rectal examination (DRE), prostate cancer was diagnosed in 14 (13.3%) of the 105 men in the low PSA group and 99 (19.5%) of the 508 men in the intermediate PSA group (P = 0.139). In all patients and patients with normal DRE, no statistically significant differences were found in the pathologic findings of biopsy between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide a rationale to recommend prostate biopsy at lower PSA threshold in this population. At present, however, it is not clear that men who are treated when their cancers are detected at lower PSA levels have better outcomes than those who are treated when the PSA is higher than 4.0 ng/ml.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seok-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Hyoung Keun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hong Bang
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Ja Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D015592:Immunoradiometric Assay; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen