title: Likelihood of home death associated with local rates of home birth: influence of local area healthcare preferences on site of death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested whether local cultural and social values regarding the use of health care are associated with the likelihood of home death, using variation in local rates of home births as a proxy for geographic variation in these values.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each of 351110 adult decedents in Washington state who died from 1989 through 1998, we calculated the home birth rate in each zip code during the year of death and then used multivariate regression modeling to estimate the relation between the likelihood of home death and the local rate of home births.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals residing in local areas with higher home birth rates had greater adjusted likelihood of dying at home (odds ratio [OR]=1.04 for each percentage point increase in home birth rate; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.05). Moreover, the likelihood of dying at home increased with local wealth (OR=1.04 per $10000; 95% CI=1.02, 1.06) but decreased with local hospital bed availability (OR=0.96 per 1000 beds; 95% CI=0.95, 0.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The likelihood of home death is associated with local rates of home births, suggesting the influence of health care use preferences.
authors.affiliation: VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, USA. mariajs@umich.edu
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Laurel A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feudtner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001293:Attitude to Death / Q000208:ethnology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003469:Culture; D003644:Death Certificates; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006699:Home Care Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006742:Hospital Bed Capacity; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology*; D011177:Postal Service; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012866:Skilled Nursing Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000600:supply & distribution; D012945:Social Values / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014861:Washington