title: Monotherapy with carbon ion radiation for localized prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiation treatment for localized prostate cancer has become a prominent choice of monotherapy, and carbon ion beam is a powerful means for this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 37 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated by monotherapy with carbon ion radiation and the outcome, more than 4 years later, was followed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSA relapse-free survival was overall 85%, 5 years after radiation, and 96% in low-risk patients. Local control was mostly achieved, and no cancer-specific death was obtained. Except in cases of relapse, 1.0 ng/ml or less of PSA was shown in 78%, 3 years after radiation. Half of biopsy specimens out of 12 cases revealed non-viable or no cancer cells after a rather short time from treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monotherapy with carbon ion radiation may be an excellent treatment for localized prostate cancer with low risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi 260-8670, Japan. shimajun@opal.famille.ne.jp
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akakura
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Masaoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Hirohiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujii
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002244:Carbon / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen