title: Cryopreservation and sperm DNA integrity.
abstract: Cryopreservation of sperm is an extremely important issue in the field of male infertility as freezing can have detrimental effects on a variety of sperm functions, some of them not accessible to the traditional semen quality analysis. In this study, chromatin structure variations in human spermatozoa in semen were studied with the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), both before and after cryopreservation. Samples were divided into two aliquots: the first was analysed without further treatment, while the second was stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C using standard cryopreservation techniques. The fresh and thawed aliquots were also assessed by light and fluorescence microscopy (after Acridine Orange staining, AO), and computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) of motility. Overall sperm quality was found to deteriorate after cryopreservation. When thawed spermatozoa were subjected to an extra swim-up round, a general improvement in nuclear maturity was seen in post-rise spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Seminology and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Medical Pathophysiology, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00100, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gandini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spanò
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dondero
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000328:Adult; D001681:Biological Assay; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D004247:DNA; D000165:Acridine Orange