title: Treatments for chronic pain in persons with spinal cord injury: A survey study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the degree and duration of pain relief provided by specific pain treatments used by individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postal survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 117 individuals who had traumatic SCI, were 18 years of age or older, and reported a chronic pain problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questions assessing current or past use of 26 different pain treatments, the amount of relief each treatment provided, and the length of time that any pain relief usually lasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medications tried most often were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tried by 71%) and acetaminophen (tried by 70%); these medications were still being used by more than one half of the patients who had tried them. Opioids produced the greatest degree of pain relief on average (mean, 6.27 +/- 3.05 [SD] on a 0-10 scale, with 0 = no relief and 10 = complete relief) but were unlikely to be continued by those who tried them. Although 38% of respondents with pain had tried gabapentin, only 17% were still using it, and average pain relief was only moderate (mean, 3.32 +/- 3.03 on the 0-10 relief scale). Seventy-three percent of the respondents had tried at least 1 of 7 alternative pain treatments, and the most frequently tried were massage, marijuana, and acupuncture. The most relief was provided by massage (mean, 6.05 +/- 2.47] on the 0-10 relief scale) and marijuana (mean, 6.62 +/- 2.54 on the 0-10 relief scale). The relief from the various treatments, including most medications, tended to last only minutes or hours; however, pain relief from alternative treatments such as massage, acupuncture, and hypnosis was reported to last for days in 25% to 33% of those who tried these treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many patients are not finding adequate pain relief from commonly prescribed medications. Alternative therapies should be considered as additional treatment options in this population.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. dianamac@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Diana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Cardenas
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002188:Cannabis; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics