title: Previous exposure to THC alters the reinforcing efficacy and anxiety-related effects of cocaine in rats.
abstract: The hypothesis that prior cannabis exposure increases the likelihood of becoming addicted to other drugs can be evaluated by giving rats a history of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure, then allowing them to self-administer other drugs. In Experiment 1, THC pre-exposure did not alter the acquisition of cocaine self-administration or the amount of cocaine taken under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule, with one response required for each injection. Under a progressive-ratio schedule, with the response requirement increasing exponentially with each injection, cocaine-seeking was significantly reduced in THC-exposed rats, suggesting that the regimen of THC exposure used in the present study caused cocaine to be devalued as a reinforcer. In contrast, in an earlier study that used the same regimen, a history of THC exposure did not alter the value of heroin as a reinforcer under the progressive-ratio schedule, but it increased heroin self-administration under the FR1 schedule. Experiment 2 examined how this regimen of THC pre-exposure alters the locomotor effects of cocaine and heroin. THC pre-exposure produced cross-tolerance to the motor-depressant effects of heroin; this may explain the shortened post-injection pauses exhibited by THC-exposed rats under FR1 heroin self-administration. When given cocaine, THC-exposed rats exhibited normal increases in locomotion, but they avoided the center of the open field, suggesting that this THC pre-exposure regimen enhances the anxiogenic effects of cocaine. This enhanced anxiogenic effect-which was verified in Experiment 3 using another model of anxiety, the light-dark test-may explain the reduced reinforcing value of cocaine observed in THC-exposed rats in Experiment 1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Human Services, Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Panlilio
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solinas
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D013759:Dronabinol; D003042:Cocaine