title: Expression of beta-catenin in gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours: a study of 229 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the role of beta-catenin in digestive endocrine carcinogenesis, a large and representative series of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours was analysed in order to determine the incidence and pattern of beta-catenin changes and to analyse the clinical and histological characteristics of the tumours presenting immunohistochemically detectable changes in beta-catenin expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  229 cases of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours (stomach, 11; duodenum and ampulla, 29; jejunum and ileum, 51; appendix, 13; colon and rectum, 17; and pancreas, 108) were studied by immunohistochemistry to assess the pattern of distribution of beta-catenin (membranous, cytoplasmic or nuclear). DNA was analysed to detect mutations in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of immunoreactive beta-catenin protein was membranous in 164 cases, cytoplasmic in 58 cases and nuclear in seven cases. No mutation was detected in exon 3 of the CTNNB1 gene in any case. The seven cases with nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin were large tumours (mean size 44 (standard deviation (SD) 18.5) mm) with metastases, including liver metastases in five cases, high Ki-67 index (mean 34% (SD 16.5%)) and cyclin D1 overexpression; p53 accumulation was detected in six cases. Five patients died of disease; the mean (SD) survival was 13.6 (4.8) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemically detectable nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin is infrequent in gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours and is usually not associated with mutations in CNNTB1 exon 3. Changes in beta-catenin expression are late events in digestive endocrine carcinogenesis, associated with tumour progression and dissemination.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Unité 45, IFR62, Faculté Laennec, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hervieu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lepinasse
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gouysse
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guillaud
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barel
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chambonniere
authors.forename: P-P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Bringuier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poncet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombard-Bohas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Partensky
authors.forename: J-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chayvialle
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Scoazec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004701:Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin