title: Systemic administration of polymyxin B induces hypothermia in rats via an inhibitory effect on metabolic rate.
abstract: Polymyxin B, a cyclic cationic polypeptide antibiotic, binds to the lipid A of bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) to inhibit LPS-induced fever. On the basis of a casual observation, we hypothesised that in rats (unlike in rabbits and goats), intravenous (i.v.) polymyxin B would decrease resting body temperature. A single i.v. injection of polymyxin B (10, 100 or 1000 microg/kg) induced a rapid, marked drop in body temperature in a dose-related manner, with no change in physical activity. However, the highest dose (1000 microg/kg) seemed to impair heat-loss mechanisms and/or functions controlling the animal's day-night cycle [because the day-time body temperature remained elevated for two days after the injection (versus the pre-injection level)]. By contrast, rats given 100 or 10 microg/kg of the drug showed a normal day-night cycle after recovery from the initial hypothermic effect of the drug. Therefore, we used the middle dose of polymyxin B (100 microg/kg) in the subsequent experiments. In these experiments, significant decreases in metabolic rate and heat-loss responses were observed immediately after an i.v. injection of polymyxin B (100 microg/kg). By contrast, intracerebroventricular injection of polymyxin B (3 microg) had no effect on resting body temperature. These results suggest that the observed decrease in metabolic rate is responsible for the polymyxin-B-induced hypothermia. Further, rats may react with a reduction in heat-loss responses so as to prevent the body temperature decreasing too far in response to polymyxin B. Thus, polymyxin B modulates or interferes with the peripheral mechanisms underlying body temperature regulation in rats.
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Functional, Morphological and Regulatory Science, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shido
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011112:Polymyxin B