title: Assessment of alcohol ethoxylate surfactants and fatty alcohols mixtures in river sediments and prospective risk assessment.
abstract: A feasible and relatively readily available analytical method was adapted for the assessment of alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) in sediments. This study illustrates the simultaneous measurement of 38 of 114 possible alcohol ethoxylate ethoxymers (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) found in commercially important AE products. We predicted toxicity for all identified fractions, as well as the total mixture toxicity, relative to three exposure scenarios via sewage treatment plants (STP) for these widely used chemicals in consumer products and hence generate a preliminary environmental risk screening for AE and FA in sediments. The method is based on derivatization of solvent or solid-phase extracts with 2-fluoro-N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (Pyr+). The derivatized extracts were analyzed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) operating in the positive ion electrospray mode. The extraction efficiency of AE and FA in three different sediments of varying composition was evaluated with spike-recovery studies, ranging from 64% to 80%. The detection limits for individual ethoxymers typically ranged from 1 to 5 ngg(-1)on a dry weight basis. The mean limit of detection (LOD) was 6 ngg(-1)and the median LOD was 3 ngg(-1). AE and FA in sediments were found to be stable for two weeks if preserved with 3% (v/v) formalin and stored at 4-6( composite function)C. Based on equilibrium partitioning, background concentrations of AE and FA were predicted to be below concentrations known to elicit chronically toxic effects. Total worst case mixture toxicities for all AE ethoxymers combined with FA were predicted to result in a risk quotient less than 0.6. Activated sludge treatment (STP) significantly reduced the release of total AE and FA by four-fold, suggesting that the total mixture risk quotient would be < 0.15 for sediment dependent organisms.
authors.affiliation: US Soap and Detergent Association, Director, Environment Safety, Washington, US.
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: Remi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Compernolle
authors.forename: Bradford
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Allen M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Alvaro J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Decarvalho
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hooton
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sherren
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D012722:Sewage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical