title: Oviductal fluid and growth factors failed to enhance development of porcine embryos.
abstract: Porcine embryos (1-, 2- and 4-cell) were cultured in a basal medium consisting of Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer supplemented with oviductal fluid and several growth factors and observed for further development. Oviducts were flushed at either 48 h (Experiment 1) or 96 h (Experiment 2) after the onset of estrus. Observations were made every 48 h (Experiment 1) or 12 h (Experiment 2) until failure of the embryos to develop for 2 consecutive observations. Embryos were scored 0 = no development, 1 = cleavage, 2 = morula, 3 = blastocyst, or 4 = hatched blastocyst. In the first experiment, development of 1-, 2- and 4-cell embryos (n=282) in the basal medium supplemented with oviductal fluid (4:1) or 3 sets of growth factors, was less or equal to one cleavage stage. Those embryos cultured in the basal medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin (fatty acid free) (BSA) advanced to the blastocyst stage. In the second experiment, 96 h aged embryos (n=142) were cultured in the basal medium supplemented with IGF-1 and - 2 and EGF, or with BSA alone or with BSA and the three growth factors. In the treatments without BSA, the embryonic development was less than one cleavage, whereas in those treatments with BSA, embryos advanced beyond hatching and began to expand. We conclude that for culture of porcine embryos, supplementation with several growth factors or with oviductal fluid, in the concentration used in this study, was of little benefit at this stage of development. However, the type of BSA significantly affected development. More than 90% of the embryos reached the morula and blastocyst stages in medium than included BSA (fatty acid free).
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Henricks
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Diehl