title: Immunoregulatory effects of allogeneic mixed chimerism induced by nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation on chronic inflammatory arthritis and autoimmunity in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of allogeneic mixed chimerism induced by T cell-depleted, nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on chronic inflammatory arthritis and autoimmunity in mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra).
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-1Ra(-/-) mice (H-2K(d)) were treated with antibody to asialoganglioside G(M1) (anti-natural killer cell), total body irradiation (500 cGy), and T cell-depleted, nonmyeloablative BMT derived from C57BL/6 mice (H-2K(b)). Engraftment and chimerism were evaluated in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and spleen by multicolor flow cytometry. The severity of arthritis was evaluated by clinical scoring and histopathologic assessment. Levels of IgG1 and IgG2a subtypes of anti-type II collagen (anti-CII) antibodies were measured in serum samples. After T cells were stimulated with CII, ovalbumin, and phytohemagglutinin, T cell proliferative responses and levels of cytokine production (interferon-gamma [IFNgamma], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha], interleukin-10 [IL-10], and IL-17) were assayed in culture supernatants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All IL-1Ra(-/-) mice receiving BMT showed marked improvement in arthritis within 3 weeks, as well as successful induction of mixed chimerism. These mice showed higher levels of IgG1, and lower levels of IgG2a anti-CII antibodies and weaker T cell proliferative responses than did mice in the control groups (either no treatment or conditioning alone without bone marrow rescue). In mixed chimeras, the levels of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, and IL-17 produced from CII-stimulated T cells were significantly suppressed and IL-10 production was significantly higher as compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of allogeneic mixed chimerism showed a strong immunoregulatory potential to correct established chronic inflammatory arthritis and autoimmunity originating from a dysregulated proinflammatory cytokine network.
authors.affiliation: St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul.
authors.forename: Seok Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: So-Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyung Wha
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Mi-La
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hong Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Se-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Woo Sung
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Chun Choo
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho-Youn
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000276:immunology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D046528:Chimerism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D024043:Collagen Type II; C507764:Il1rn protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D020381:Interleukin-17; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma