title: Noise exposure and children's blood pressure and heart rate: the RANCH project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conclusions that can be drawn from earlier studies on noise and children's blood pressure are limited due to inconsistent results, methodological problems, and the focus on school noise exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of aircraft and road traffic noise exposure on children's blood pressure and heart rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 1283 children (age 9-11 years) attending 62 primary schools around two European airports. Data were pooled and analysed using multilevel modelling. Adjustments were made for a range of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After pooling the data, aircraft noise exposure at school was related to a statistically non-significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Aircraft noise exposure at home was related to a statistically significant increase in blood pressure. Aircraft noise exposure during the night at home was positively and significantly associated with blood pressure. The findings differed between the Dutch and British samples. Negative associations were found between road traffic noise exposure and blood pressure, which cannot be explained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this study and previous scientific literature, no unequivocal conclusions can be drawn about the relationship between community noise and children's blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Environmental Health Research, Netherlands. Elise.van.Kempen@rivm.nl
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Kempen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Kamp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Houthuijs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stellato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stansfeld
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D001336:Automobiles; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004739:England; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D009624:Noise, Transportation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012574:Schools