Ovulatory disorders and infertility.
Ovulatory disorders represent a major cause of infertility. The World Health Organization classification offers a useful frame for diagnosis and treatment. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of oligoovulation and anovulation. Treatment of infertility associated with PCOS has changed in the last decade due to the introduction of new medications. Insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as metformin, became an integral part of treatment. Aromatase inhibitors will most probably replace clomiphene citrate in the future. Women who fail to ovulate or conceive after first-line treatment options are often referred for gonadotropin treatment. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling, which has been evaluated in well-designed trials, may be an alternative to gonadotropins. In vitro fertilization, which yields high pregnancy rates, is the final treatment option when all else fails. Hypogonadotropic anovulation is treated with exogenous gonadotropins, and little has changed in its management. Women with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism should be counseled for adoption or in vitro fertilization with donated oocytes as spontaneous and treatment-associated pregnancy rates are very low.
Urman
Bulent
B
Assisted Reproduction Unit, American Hospital of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
Yakin
Kayhan
K
D000858:Anovulation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D014944:World Health Organization
D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006062:Gonadotropins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D002996:Clomiphene; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D008687:Metformin