title: Penetration of second-, third-, and fourth-generation topical fluoroquinolone into aqueous and vitreous humour in a rabbit endophthalmitis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate the penetration of second-, third- and fourth-generation topical fluoroquinolone into aqueous and vitreous humour in a rabbit endophthalmitis model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups. Left eye was infected with an intravitreal inoculum of Staphylococcus aureus. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 received topical ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, or moxifloxacin treatment 24 h after the inoculation, respectively. No treatment was given to group 6 as the control group (n=5). Aqueous and vitreous samples were obtained 30 min after the last drop. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the fluoroquinolone concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the normal and inflamed eyes, mean aqueous concentrations of ofloxacin were 1.90 and 2.69 mug/ml, ciprofloxacin were 2.16 and 3.65 mug/ml, lomefloxacin were 3.54 and 1.19 mug/ml, levofloxacin were 2.89 and 9.41 mug/ml, and moxifloxacin were 4.92 and 43.33 mug/ml, respectively. Mean vitreous concentrations of ofloxacin were 0.25 and 0.07 mug/ml, ciprofloxacin were 0.08 and 0.32 mug/ml, lomefloxacin were 0.001 and 0.03 mug/ml, levofloxacin were 0.03 and 0.09 mug/ml, and moxifloxacin were 0.28 and 2.68 mug/ml, in normal and inflamed eyes, respectively. Moxifloxacin achieved a significantly higher concentration in aqueous and vitreous humour of infected eyes compared with ofloxacin (P<0.01), ciprofloxacin (P<0.05), lomefloxacin (P<0.01), and levofloxacin (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that fourth-generation fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin, seems to have better penetration to inflamed ocular tissues in rabbit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. ramazanyagci@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yağci
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oflu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dinçel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yağci
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bayar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D064704:Levofloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; C053091:lomefloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin