title: Pediatric all-terrain vehicle-related injuries in Ohio from 1995 to 2001: using the injury severity score to determine whether helmets are a solution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to identify regions in Ohio with severe pediatric all-terrain vehicle-related injuries and to determine whether helmet usage was associated with lower injury severity scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of data for all patients entered into the registries of Ohio's major pediatric trauma centers for the period of January 1, 1995, to December 31, 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven hospitals participated. A total of 285 children were admitted; 2 patients died, and 13 required rehabilitation. The mean age was 11.1 years, with 76.1% of patients being male and 88.1% white. Most patients came from the central and southwestern regions of Ohio. An average of 30 admissions per year occurred from 1995 to 1998, but the number increased to 55 admissions per year from 1999 to 2001. Among the 285 injured children, 869 injuries were sustained; 57% of patients sustained multiple injuries. The most commonly injured body parts were the head (22.3%) and lower extremities (12.6%). The most common injuries sustained were fractures (31.4%) and contusions/abrasions (22.2%). Of patients for whom documentation was available, 72.2% (171 of 237 patients) were not helmeted. There was no significant difference in mean injury severity scores between helmeted and nonhelmeted riders (9.58 vs 9.12). Helmet usage was not associated with a reduction in head/facial injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All-terrain vehicle-related injuries to children nearly doubled between 1995 to 1998 and 1999 to 2001. Fewer than 30% of injured children were wearing helmets at the time of injury. With the injury severity score as an indicator, helmets provided no significant protection for all-terrain vehicle riders in this pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. gittm1@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gittelman
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Groner
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D015541:Off-Road Motor Vehicles; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies