title: Dystocia due to urinary bladder carcinoma in two water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) - Clinical case report.
abstract: Two buffaloes with full-term pregnancy suffered from dystocia because the cervix did not dilate in spite of strong labour pains and other parturition signs shown by each animal. The urinary bladder, cervix, vagina and surrounding area were very firm. Dead, emphysemated fetuses were removed by caesarean in each case and anuria was also noticed. One buffalo died and the other was euthanised after surgery because it did not improve. The post-mortem examinations revealed transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder infiltrating the cervix, vagina and surrounding area in each case.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology College of Veterinary Science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana-141004 India.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sharma