title: IL-1 beta breaks tolerance through expansion of CD25+ effector T cells.
abstract: IL-1 is a key proinflammatory driver of several autoimmune diseases including juvenile inflammatory arthritis, diseases with mutations in the NALP/cryopyrin complex and Crohn's disease, and is genetically or clinically associated with many others. IL-1 is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine; however the mechanisms by which increased IL-1 signaling promotes autoreactive T cell activity are not clear. Here we show that autoimmune-prone NOD and IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient C57BL/6 mice both produce high levels of IL-1, which drives autoreactive effector cell expansion. IL-1beta drives proliferation and cytokine production by CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(-) effector/memory T cells, attenuates CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cell function, and allows escape of CD4(+)CD25(-) autoreactive effectors from suppression. Thus, inflammation or constitutive overexpression of IL-1beta in a genetically predisposed host can promote autoreactive effector T cell expansion and function, which attenuates the ability of regulatory T cells to maintain tolerance to self.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: Brendan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Saparna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santamaria
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwakura
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Steptoe
authors.forename: Thomas W H
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Ranjeny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000235:genetics; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016513:Mice, SCID; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D017634:Self Tolerance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C498833:Foxp3 protein, mouse; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D007371:Interferon-gamma