title: Use of biomarkers to investigate toxicological effects of produced water treated with conventional and innovative methods.
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop and apply a multi-biomarker system to assess the toxicological effects of produced water (PW) from a Mediterranean off-shore oil platform. The selected bioindicator organism, mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), was exposed in the laboratory to high concentrations of different PW: PW before treatment (BT), after conventional treatment (ACT) and after innovative treatment with zeolites in a prototype system (AIT). A set of biomarkers (benzo(alpha)pyrene monooxygenase, ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, vitellogenin, porphyrins, PAH bile metabolites, esterases, catalase, micronuclei) and PAH concentrations were measured in the experimental organism. The methodology proved to be appropriate and biomarker responses (CYP 1A1, PAH bile metabolites, micronuclei, esterases, porphyrins) affected by BT were less affected by ACT. PW treated with zeolites (AIT) had the lowest toxicological impact. The results obtained applying this multi-biomarker approach suggest that the system using zeolites is effective for treating produced water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy. casinis@unisi.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marsili
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fossi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bucalossi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porcelloni
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caliani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stefanini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: C Alberti
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: di Catenaja
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001579:Benzopyrene Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017641:Zeolites / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D017641:Zeolites; D001579:Benzopyrene Hydroxylase; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase