title: [The pathophysiological foundations of temporal-lobe epilepsy: studies in humans and animals].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most frequent form of pharmaco-resistant epilepsy in human. Research using material from TLE patients undergoing surgery and animal models has significantly increased in the last decade.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review recent findings obtained over the last years from electrophysiological and anatomical studies in human and animal models of TLE. Data suggest a large heterogeneity and inter-individual variability depending on the model and the system under study. However, a common principle that appears to underlie the epileptic condition is the reorganization of excitation and inhibition resulting in hyperexcitability. Recent research combining in vitro electrophysiology together with depth recordings in vivo and new analytical methodologies is also discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multidisciplinary approach using both human and animal models can help to fill gaps in our knowledge and to provide unique insights into the pathophysiology of TLE.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, España. jpastor.hlpr@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Uzcátegui
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gal-Iglesias
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menéndez de la Prida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans