title: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 polymorphism is associated with increased risk for oral cancer.
abstract: In light of the recently observed contribution of thrombosis-related factors to carcinogenesis, we investigated the possible association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with increased risk for oral cancer. In DNA samples of 104 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 106 healthy controls of comparable ethnicity, age and sex, we studied the 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene, which affects its expression. The mutant 4G allele and carrier frequencies were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (65.9% versus 49.5%; 88.5% versus 69.8% respectively, P<0.01). That increase was even higher in patients with a positive family history for thrombophilia or without one for cancer (P<0.001). Interestingly, significant difference from controls was observed only in patients with cancer stages I and II. These findings suggest that the 4G allele, by resulting in higher PAI-1 expression, is a major contributing factor in early stages of oral oncogenesis. Possibly, increased PAI-1 promotes initial development of oral cancer through regulation of cell detachment and delays further tumor progression by inhibiting vascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Athens Medical School, Vas. Sofias 93 and Dim. Soutsou 1, Athens 11521, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vairaktaris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yapijakis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Serefoglou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vylliotis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ries
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nkenke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiltfang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vassiliou
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Neukam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1