title: C-reactive protein as a predictor of incident ischemic stroke among patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-reactive protein (CRP) has emerged as an important predictor of cardiovascular disease, but there are few prospective data on its association with risk of ischemic stroke in patients at high risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the association between CRP levels and subsequent risk of incident ischemic stroke among 2979 patients with stable coronary heart disease included in a controlled clinical trial (Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention) that assessed the efficacy of bezafibrate, a fibric acid derivative, versus placebo for secondary prevention. CRP was measured by a high-sensitivity assay in plasma samples collected before randomization and again at the second follow-up year of an overall mean follow-up of 6.2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of ischemic stroke per 1000 person-years increased from 4.1% for baseline CRP in the lowest tertile (<2.3 mg/L; n=982) to 5.9% for levels at the middle tertile (2.3 to 5.4 mg/L; n=1013) and 10.5% for CRP levels at the upper tertile (>5.4 mg/L; n=984; P<0.001). With adjustment for potential confounders, baseline CRP levels in the top versus bottom tertile were associated with a 2.16-fold increased hazard (95% CI, 1.32 to 3.53) for ischemic stroke, and CRP levels measured after 2 years were associated with a hazard ratio of 2.43 (95% CI, 1.30 to 4.57). The risk of an incident ischemic stroke did not differ between the bezafibrate group compared with the placebo group regardless of baseline CRP levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, based on a large prospective study, demonstrate the risk prediction for incident ischemic stroke conferred by CRP levels in patients at high risk.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Center, Department of Neurology and Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. tanne@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanne
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benderly
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Goldbourt
authors.forename: Moti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haim
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.forename: Enrique Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Fisman
authors.forename: Zipora
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Matas
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Reuven
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmlichman
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Behar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001629:Bezafibrate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001629:Bezafibrate