title: Association between personal use of hair dyes and lymphoid neoplasms in Europe.
abstract: Hair dyes have been evaluated as possibly being mutagenic and carcinogenic in animals. Studies of the association between human cancer risk and use of hair dyes have yielded inconsistent results. The authors evaluated the risk of lymphoid malignancies associated with personal use of hair dyes. The analysis included 2,302 incident cases of lymphoid neoplasms and 2,417 hospital- or population-based controls from the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Spain (1998-2003). Use of hair dyes was reported by 74% of women and 7% of men. Lymphoma risk among dye users was significantly increased by 19% in comparison with never use (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.41) and by 26% among persons who used hair dyes 12 or more times per year (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.60; p for linear trend = 0.414). Lymphoma risk was significantly higher among persons who had started coloring their hair before 1980 (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.72) and persons who had used hair dyes only before 1980 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.40). Personal use of hair dyes is associated with a moderate increase in lymphoma risk, particularly among women and persons who used dyes before 1980. Specific compounds associated with this risk remain to be elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. s.sanjose@iconcologia.net
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Sanjosé
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benavente
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nieters
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foretova
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maynadié
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staines
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vornanen
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alvaro
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006202:Hair Dyes