title: Reducing the amount of cytoplasm available for early embryonic development decreases the quality but not quantity of embryos produced by in vitro fertilization and nuclear transplantation.
abstract: The effect of reducing the amount of cytoplasm available for early embryonic development was investigated in embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transplantation. In Experiment 1, approximately 1/2 or 1/20 of the cytoplasm was removed from bovine embryos at the pronuclear-stage of development. The percentage of embryos developing to the compact morula or blastocyst stage was significantly higher in non-manipulated controls (26%) than in embryos with 1/20 of the cytoplasm removed (16%), and those with 1/2 of the cytoplasm removed (10%; P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in the average number of cells between blastocysts in which 1/20 of their cytoplasm was removed (67), those with 1/2 of their cytoplasm removed (55), and nonmanipulated controls (77; P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, nuclear transfer embryos were produced in which approximately 1/2 or 1/20 of the cytoplasm was removed during oocyte enucleation. The percentage of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was 17% for both groups of nuclear transfer embryos compared to 44% for control embryos (P < 0.05). The mean number of cells in blastocysts produced by nuclear transfer in which 1/20 of the cytoplasm was removed during oocyte enucleation (61) was no different than that in control embryos (66), but significantly higher than the mean number of cells in blastocysts produced by nuclear transfer in which 1/2 of the cytoplasm was removed (42; P < 0.05). There was no indication that altering the amount of cytoplasm available for early embryonic development of IVF embryos affected the timing of differentiation events, including those of embryo compaction and blastocyst formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Westhusin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collas
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stepp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barnes