title: Association of two polymorphisms in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene with adenomyosis, endometriosis, and leiomyomata in Japanese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that plays an important role in many diseases. This study investigated whether two polymorphisms (Pro12Ala in exon B and C161T in exon 6) of the PPAR-gamma2 gene are related to adenomyosis, endometriosis, or leiomyomata.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 390 patients with adenomyosis, endometriosis, and/or leiomyomata were classified into four groups: 103 patients with adenomyosis (21 adenomyosis only and 82 adenomyosis with endometriosis and/or leiomyomata), 95 patients with endometriosis only, 100 patients with leiomyomata only, and 92 patients with endometriosis and leiomyomata.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no association between distribution of genotype or allele frequencies for the PPAR-gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism and the presence of adenomyosis, endometriosis, and/or leiomyomata. However, compared with results for controls, the PPAR-gamma 161CC genotype and 161C allele frequencies were significantly increased in patients with adenomyosis (genotype: chi2 = 8.185, corrected P value [Pc] = .0169; allele: chi2 = 8.337, Pc = .0155) and in patients with endometriosis (genotype: chi2 = 6.748, Pc = .0375; allele: chi2 = 6.413, Pc = .0453).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the PPAR-gamma 161CC genotype could be a genetic risk factor for adenomyosis and endometriosis, whereas the Pro12Ala polymorphism was not associated with these estrogen-dependent benign uterine diseases in a Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiyomizu
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitawaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Obayashi
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koshiba
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000097:blood; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000235:genetics*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D004247:DNA