title: Genetic analyses of the radiographic appearance of the distal sesamoid bones in Hanoverian Warmblood horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether additive genetic correlations existed between certain aspects of the radiographic appearance of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bones (RNB) or between RNB and other types of radiographic changes in the limbs of Hanoverian Warmblood horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  5,157 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-linear and binary traits were defined by the appearance of canales sesamoidales (CSs) and the structure and contour of the forelimb navicular bones (NBs). Prevalences of osseous fragments in the metacarphophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) and tarsocrural joints and deforming arthropathy in tarsal joints were analyzed as binary traits. Genetic parameters were estimated by use of multivariate linear models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heritability estimates for the RNB traits ranged from 0.10 to 0.34. Additive genetic correlations among those traits were usually close to unity. Extensive radiographic changes in the NBs, including changes in CSs and alterations in structure and contour, had correlations with less distinct radiographic changes. Negative additive genetic correlations were observed between small numbers of short and conical CSs in the central portion of the distal border of the NB and osseous fragments and arthropathy, and between most types of radiographic findings in the NBs and osseous fragments in tarsal joints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic bases for different types of RNB were not identical. The detection of correlations between normal RNB and findings of short and conical CSs versus deformed CSs and structural and contour changes warrants further study. Genetically justified distinction between physiologic and pathologic NB changes will increase the efficiency of selecting against NBs with radiographically apparent alterations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover (Foundation), Bünteweg 17p, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Ottmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Distl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005552:Forelimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012716:Sesamoid Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*