title: Proteomic analysis on the alteration of protein expression in the placental villous tissue of early pregnancy loss.
abstract: Early pregnancy loss is the most common complication of human reproduction. Given the complexities of early development, it is likely that many mechanisms are involved. Knowledge of differences in protein expression in parallel profiling is essential to understand the comprehensive pathophysiological mechanism underlying early pregnancy loss. To identify proteins with different expression profiles related to early pregnancy loss, we applied a proteomic approach and performed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) on six placental villous tissues from patients with early pregnancy loss and six from normal pregnant women, followed by comparison of the silver-stained 2-DE profiles. It was found that 13 proteins were downregulated and 5 proteins were upregulated significantly (P < 0.05) in early pregnancy loss as determined by spot volume. Among them, 10 downregulated and 2 upregulated spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anomalies of these proteins, including three principal antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxin 3, and thioredoxin-like 1 protein), S100 calcium binding protein, galectin-1, chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1, transthyretin, fas inhibitory molecule, eukaryotic translation elongation factor, RNA-binding protein, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2N, and proteasome beta-subunit, indicate widespread failure in cell regulations and processes such as antioxidative defense, differentiation, cell proliferation, metabolism, apoptosis, transcription, and proteolysis in early pregnancy loss. This study has identified several proteins that are associated with placentation and early development, shedding a new insight into the proteins that may be potentially involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying early pregnancy loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Xia
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Wu-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tian-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Cai-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei-Miao
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yu-Li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: He-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002824:Chorionic Villi / Q000378:metabolism*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004396:Coloring Agents; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D040901:Proteomics; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D016707:Tissue Fixation; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D014357:Trypsin