title: Efficacy of a selective COX-2 inhibitor for controlling irregular uterine bleeding in DMPA users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of valdecoxib and placebo for controlling irregular uterine bleeding in depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 DMPA users were enrolled. All subjects in the study had abnormal bleeding and were randomly divided into two groups. One group totaling 22 received valdecoxib, 40 mg, once a day for 5 days, and placebos were given to another 24 in the same manner; 5 subjects dropped out from the study. Analysis of the number of treatment days required for stopping the bleeding episode, percentage of women whose bleeding was stopped in 7 days, total number of bleeding-free days and length of the bleeding-free interval after the initial treatment was determined in the first and the fourth weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of the subjects whose bleeding was stopped during the first week after the initial treatment and the mean value of the bleeding-free days during the 28 days of the follow-up period were significantly higher in the valdecoxib group than in the placebo group (77.3% vs. 33.3%, p<.01; and 17.8 days vs. 11.5 days, p<.05, respectively). The mean duration of treatment days required for stopping the bleeding episode in the valdecoxib-treated group was 1.7 days, and the mean duration of the bleeding-free interval in valdecoxib-treated group was 18.6 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valdecoxib was more effective than placebo in the short-term control of irregular bleeding in DMPA users. The mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the reduction of endometrial bleeding is likely from COX-2 inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand. surasakta@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Prapoj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nathirojanakun
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taneepanichskul
authors.forename: Nattiporn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sappakitkumjorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007555:Isoxazoles; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D013449:Sulfonamides; C406224:valdecoxib; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides