title: Elasticity of the human false vocal fold.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very little is known about the elasticity of the human ventricular fold (false vocal fold). To better understand the potential role of the false fold in the fluid dynamics and aeroacoustics of phonation, we made some measurements on the elastic properties of human ventricular fold tissues in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uniaxial tensile stress-strain characteristics of 6 male and 6 female false fold specimens were quantified with sinusoidal stretch-release deformation. Midcoronal sections of 3 specimens were examined to quantify the relative densities of collagen, elastin, seromucous glandular tissue, and adipose tissue by digital image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonlinear stress-strain curves with hysteresis (viscous energy loss) were observed, with large interindividual differences. A hybrid linear-exponential model was used to determine the elastic modulus (tangent Young's modulus) of the false fold. On average, the male false fold was twice as stiff as the female at a tensile strain of 20% to 30%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary gender-related difference in elasticity could be attributed to a higher proportion of glandular tissue in the female false fold, due to the lower elastic modulus of glands. The present data allow one to develop a more comprehensive biomechanical model of phonation, for optimizing postoperative voice production following laryngeal reconstruction procedures.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9035, USA.
authors.forename: Roger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Neeraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tirunagari
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*