title: The expression of CSRP2 encoding the LIM domain protein CRP2 is mediated by TGF-beta in smooth muscle and hepatic stellate cells.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a cytokine implicated in differentiation of smooth muscle cells and other mesenchymal-derived cells. During hepatic fibrogenesis, TGF-beta has a pivotal role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts that play a central role in the synthesis of extracellular matrix components. Both, smooth muscle and activated hepatic stellate cells, express smooth muscle alpha-actin, the calponin-related protein SM22alpha, and CSRP2 encoding the cysteine- and glycine-rich LIM domain protein 2 (CRP2). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the expression of CSRP2 is influenced by TGF-beta. Stimulation as well as sequestering experiments demonstrated that TGF-beta markedly influences CSRP2 gene activity. Inhibition experiments using the ALK5 inhibitor SB-431542 further reveal that the transcriptional stimulation of the CSRP2 gene is mediated via the ALK5/Smad2/Smad3 signalling pathway. By use of bisulfite genomic analysis of CpG islands within the 5' regulatory regions we could exclude methylation-associated silencing, previously found to be responsible for the transcriptional inactivity of CSRP2 in a variety of human cancer cells and in a multistage carcinogenesis model, as a cause for CSRP2 inactivity in hepatocytes or fully transdifferentiated myofibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Erawan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borkham-Kamphorst
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Eddy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van de Leur
authors.forename: Mario F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fraga
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteller
authors.forename: Axel M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gressner
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiskirchen
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C459179:4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide; D001549:Benzamides; C484375:Csrp2 protein, rat; D004149:Dioxoles; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625841:TGFBR1 protein, human; C000625843:Tgfbr1 protein, rat