title: The testosterone mimetic properties of icariin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the testosterone mimetic properties of icariin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 15 months were randomly divided into four groups with 12 rats each: the control group (C), the model group (M), the icariin group (ICA) and the testosterone group (T). The reproductive system was damaged by cyclophosphamide (intraperitoneal injection, 20 mg/kg x day) for 5 consecutive days for groups M, ICA and T, at the sixth day, ICA (gastric gavage, 200 mg/kg x day) for the ICA group and sterandryl (subcutaneous injection, 5 mg/rat . day) for the T group for 7 consecutive days, respectively. The levels of serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), serum bone Gla-protein (BGP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in serum (StrACP) were determined. The histological changes of the testis and the penis were observed by microscope with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP-X nick end labeling (TUNEL), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Icariin improved the condition of reproductive organs and increased the circulating levels of testosterone. (2) Icariin treatment also improved the steady-state serum BGP and might have promoted bone formation. At the same time, it decreased the serum levels of StrACP and might have reduced the bone resorption. (3) Icarrin suppressed the extent of apoptosis of penile cavernosal smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Icariin has testosterone mimetic properties and has therapeutic potential in the management of hypoandrogenism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China. zbzhang@stu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Zhen-Bao
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing-Tao
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology; D004822:Epididymis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005419:Flavonoids; D013739:Testosterone; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C056599:icariin