title: Rubellimicrobium thermophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a red-pigmented, moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from coloured slime deposits in paper machines.
abstract: Six red-pigmented strains of the Alphaproteobacteria with optimal growth between 45 and 54 degrees C were previously isolated from coloured biofilms in two fine-paper machines and one pulp dryer. The strains were found to be resistant to 15 p.p.m. 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, a common industrial biocide. 16S RNA gene sequence similarity of the isolates was 99.7-100 %. Ribotyping using the restriction enzymes PvuII and EcoRI showed that four of the isolates (C-lvk-R2A-1, C-lvk-R2A-2(T), C-R2A-52d and C-R2A-5d) belong to a single species. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that, together with Rhodobacter blasticus ATCC 33485(T), the isolates form a deep line of descent (94.7-94.9 % sequence similarity) within the family Rhodobacteraceae loosely affiliated with the Rhodobacter/Paracoccus clade. The isolates were strictly aerobic and oxidase-positive (catalase was weakly positive) and utilized a wide range of substrates including pentoses, hexoses, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols. The predominant constituents in their cellular fatty acid profiles were C(19 : 0) cyclo omega8c (39-44 %), C(18 : 0) (21-24 %) and C(16 : 0) (21-23 %). Fatty acids present in smaller amounts included C(18 : 1)omega7c, C(10 : 0) 3-OH, C(18 : 1)omega7c 11-methyl, C(20 : 2)omega6,9c and C(17 : 0) cyclo, amongst others. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified aminolipid, but not phosphatidylethanolamine. Carotenoid pigments were synthesized but bacteriochlorophyll a was not. The polyamine patterns consisted of the major compounds putrescine, spermidine and sym-homospermidine. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 69.4-70.2 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, the biofilm isolates were classified in a new genus, Rubellimicrobium gen. nov.; four of the isolates are assigned to the type species, Rubellimicrobium thermophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain C-lvk-R2A-2(T) (=CCUG 51817(T) = DSM 16684(T) = HAMBI 2421(T)) is the type strain of Rubellimicrobium thermophilum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, POB 56, FIN 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.|Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, A-1030 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Ewald B M
authors.initials: EBM
authors.lastname: Denner
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, POB 56, FIN 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolari
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, POB 56, FIN 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Douwe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoornstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, POB 56, FIN 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsitko
authors.affiliation: Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kämpfer
authors.affiliation: Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, POB 56, FIN 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mirja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salkinoja-Salonen
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D007221:Industry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009231:Myxococcales / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010209:Paper; D010802:Phylogeny; D041902:Rhodobacteraceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids