title: Dignity in the terminally ill: revisited.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have been conducted examining the notion of dignity and how it is understood and experienced by people as they approach death.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to use a quantitative approach to validate the Dignity Model, originally based on qualitative data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Themes and subthemes from the Dignity Model were used to devise 22 items; patients were asked the extent to which they believed these specific issues were or could be related to their sense of dignity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 211 patients receiving palliative care, "not being treated with respect or understanding" (87.1%) and "feeling a burden to others" (87.1%) were the issues most identified as having an influence on their sense of dignity. All but 1 of the 22 items were endorsed by more that half of the patients; 16 items were endorsed by more than 70% of the patients. Demographic variables such as gender, age, education, and religious affiliation had an influence on what items patients ascribed to their sense of dignity. "Feeling life no longer had meaning or purpose" was the only variable to enter a logistic regression model predicting overall sense of dignity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further evidence supporting the validity of the Dignity Model. Items contained within this model provide a broad and inclusive range of issues and concerns that may influence a dying patient's sense of dignity. Sensitivity to these issues will draw care providers closer to being able to provide comprehensive, dignity conserving care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Family Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnepeg, Canada. harvey.chochinov@cancercare.mb.ca
authors.forename: Harvey M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chochinov
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Krisjanson
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Hack
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hassard
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McClement
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harlos
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001293:Attitude to Death; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010166:Palliative Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D029181:Spirituality; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D019452:Terminally Ill / Q000523:psychology*