title: Chronic morphine-mediated adenylyl cyclase superactivation is attenuated by the Raf-1 inhibitor, GW5074.
abstract: The utility of morphine for the treatment of chronic pain is limited by the development of analgesic tolerance. Adenylyl cyclase (AC) superactivation, induced by chronic opioid agonist administration, is regarded as one of the molecular mechanisms leading to tolerance. In the present work, we tested the role of Raf-1 in morphine-mediated AC superactivation in CHO cells stably expressing the human micro-opioid receptor. We found that pretreatment of CHO cells stably expressing the human micro-opioid receptor with the selective Raf-1 inhibitor, 3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-5-iodo-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one (GW5074, 10 microM, 60 min) completely abolished chronic morphine-mediated AC superactivation (P < 0.01). This finding indicates that Raf-1 may have a crucial role in compensatory feedback regulation of cellular cAMP levels by clinically important opioid analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Eva V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stropova
authors.forename: Todd W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Vanderah
authors.forename: Henry I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Roeske
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D007211:Indoles; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D010636:Phenols; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D005576:Colforsin; D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; C489251:5-iodo-3-((3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylene)-2-indolinone