Measuring herbicide volatilization from bare soil.
A field experiment was conducted to measure surface dissipation and volatilization of the herbicide triallate after application to bare soil using micrometeorological, chamber, and soil-loss methods. The volatilization rate was measured continuously for 6.5 days and the range in the daily peak values for the integrated horizontal flux method was from 32.4 (day 5) to 235.2 g ha(-1) d(-1) (day 1), for the theoretical profile shape method was from 31.5 to 213.0 g ha(-1) d(-1), and for the flux chamber was from 15.7 to 47.8 g ha(-1) d(-1). Soil samples were taken within 30 min after application and the measured mass of triallate was 8.75 kg ha(-1). The measured triallate mass in the soil at the end of the experiment was approximately 6 kg ha(-1). The triallate dissipation rate, obtained by soil sampling, was approximately 334 g ha(-1) d(-1) (98 g d(-1)) and the average rate of volatilization was 361 g ha(-1) d(-1). Soil sampling at the end of the experiment showed that approximately 31% (0.803 kg/2.56 kg) of the triallate mass was lost from the soil. Significant volatilization of triallate is possible when applied directly to the soil surface without incorporation.
Yates
S R
SR
USDA-ARS, GEBJ Salinity Laboratory, 450 W. Big Springs Road, Riverside, California 92507, USA. syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov
D000392:Air Movements; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014214:Triallate / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization; D014919:Wind
D000393:Air Pollutants; D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014214:Triallate