title: Kinetics of bromhexine-mediated down-regulation of focal adhesive molecules of uterus and trophectoderm affecting conception in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quantitative evaluation of properties of bromhexine (B) for expression of uterine proteins in ovariectomized (OVX) and pregnant rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of proteins through SDS-PAGE, along with incorporation of glycosidic moieties, was conducted in pregnant and OVX rats under B influence. These findings were corroborated with other tests such as implantation sites, fetal and litter sizes in pregnant rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In OVX animals, even under the influence of estradiol dipropionate and progesterone, the B recreated a condition akin to OVX animals. It also induced 50-80% inhibition in the incorporation of glycosidic moieties to polypeptide chain. Distinct reduction in implantation sites, fetal sizes and interference in the conception (16/46) in pregnant rats substantiated the results of the action of B as an antiimplantation agent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bromhexine has shown interference in blastocyst attachment, conception, reduction in number of implantation sites and dwarfing of fetuses; hence, it is a potential candidate for antiimplantation.
authors.affiliation: Genotoxicity laboratory, Toxicology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, UP, India. neetuaashi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Brajesh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malaviya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001964:Bromhexine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000187:drug effects; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; C524660:Muc4 protein, rat; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; D001964:Bromhexine