title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression correlates with membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase expression in colorectal cancer tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 has been found in colorectal cancer. One of the mechanisms through which cyclooxygenase-2 affects tumorigenesis is through its overexpression, which leads to increased invasiveness of cancer cells. A crucial step in this pathway is thought to be the induction of membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase, which activates matrix metalloproteinase-2. However, to date there have been few clinicopathologic studies concerning cyclooxygenase-2-mediated invasiveness in human colorectal cancer tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed immunohistochemical analysis of the respective antigens on colorectal cancer specimens obtained by surgical resections from 96 patients with colorectal cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclooxygenase-2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase expression was positive exclusively in cancer cells in 88 cases (92 percent) and 23 cases (24 percent), respectively. All 23 cases expressing membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase also expressed cyclooxygenase-2. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression was positive in cancer cells in 20 cases (21 percent) and stromal cells in 52 cases (54 percent). Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cancer cells correlated with lymphatic invasion and local recurrence. Statistically, a significant correlation was found between cyclooxygenase-2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase expression, and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in cancer cells. There was no association between cyclooxygenase-2 expression and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. However, immunostaining of serial sections revealed that in the majority of cases examined, nearly 100 percent of cancer cells expressing matrix metalloproteinase-2 also coexpressed cyclooxygenase-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates strong association between both cyclooxygenase-2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase expression, and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in colorectal cancer. These results support our thesis of a direct correlation between cyclooxygenase-2 and membrane-type-1 matrix metalloproteinase expression--with consequent association between cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation, and tumor invasiveness andrecurrence in certain cases of colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatsuguchi
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinji
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gudis
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugisaki
authors.forename: Kiyonori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.forename: Yuh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Teruyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Choitsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1