title: Protective effect of black tea against ethanol-induced oxidative modifications of liver proteins and lipids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Black tea has been recently ascertained as a source of water-soluble antioxidants that may enhance cellular antioxidant abilities. The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the preventive effect of black tea on oxidative modifications of liver lipids and proteins of 2-month-old rats intoxicated chronically (28 days) with ethanol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipid peroxidation was estimated by measurement of lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxynonenal by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by spectrophotometric determination of conjugated dienes. The markers of protein oxidative modification products-bistyrosine and tryptophan-were quantified by spectrofluorimetry, whereas levels of amino, sulfhydryl, and carbonyl groups were estimated spectrophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanol intoxication caused changes in liver antioxidant abilities that led to the generation of oxidative stress and, consequently, to the significant increase in products of lipid and protein oxidative modification. Enhanced lipid peroxidation was confirmed by assessment of the concentration of lipid peroxidation products measured at all examined levels. Protein modifications were evidenced by increase in levels of bistyrosine and carbonyl groups and by decrease in concentration of tryptophan and levels of sulfhydryl and amino groups. The metabolic consequences of oxidative modifications of lipids and proteins were reduced by cathepsin B activity and translocation of this lysosomal protease into cytosol as well as markers of liver damage-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-into the blood serum. Administration of black tea to ethanol-intoxicated rats partially protected antioxidant parameters and, remarkably, prevented the significant increase in concentrations of all measured lipid peroxidation products. Moreover, the levels of markers of the protein-modification process were similar to those of the control group. Protection of biological membranes by black tea prevents changes in the permeability of these membranes and translocation of the examined enzymes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that black tea protects proteins and lipids against oxidative modification induced by chronic ethanol intoxication, which preserves changes in redox and proteolytic homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-230 Bialystok 8, P.O. Box 14, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luczaj
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Siemieniuk
authors.forename: Wiesława
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roszkowska-Jakimiec
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skrzydlewska
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D028241:Camellia sinensis; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D002401:Cathepsin B; D005978:Glutathione