title: The ever-expanding association between rheumatologic diseases and tuberculosis.
abstract: We summarized most of the rheumatologic manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) and the occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease associated with rheumatologic diseases. We established 4 different categories: (1) direct musculoskeletal involvement of M. tuberculosis, including spondylitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and tenosynovitis; (2) M. tuberculosis as an infectious pathogen in rheumatologic diseases, particularly with the use of newer agents such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors; (3) antimycobacterial drug-induced rheumatologic syndromes, including tendinopathy, drug-induced lupus, and others; and (4) reactive immunologic phenomena caused by TB, such as reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, and others. In addition, Bacille-Calmette-Guérin vaccination used for the prevention of TB or as a chemotherapeutic agent for bladder carcinoma also may be associated with musculoskeletal adverse events. We conclude that M. tuberculosis can directly or indirectly affect the musculoskeletal system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA. cfranco@sph.emory.edu
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franco-Paredes
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Borjon
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Senger
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barragan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonard
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004893:Erythema Nodosum / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008177:Lupus Vulgaris / Q000139:chemically induced; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000382:microbiology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D013166:Spondylitis / Q000382:microbiology; D013717:Tenosynovitis / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine