title: Surgery for orbital tumors. Part II: transorbital approaches.
abstract: Orbital tumors can be excised or biopsy samples obtained via transorbital approaches, especially those located in the anterior two thirds of the orbit. The indications and various surgical steps will be reviewed for the anterior, the anteromedial, and the lateral approaches. Some of these approaches can be combined or extended to accommodate large or deep-seated tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Cockerham
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Bejjani
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kennerdell
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Maroon
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D017233:Orbit Evisceration / Q000379:methods*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000600:supply & distribution