title: Preclinical assessment of FHIT gene replacement therapy in human leukemia using a chimeric adenovirus, Ad5/F35.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expression of the FHIT protein is lost or reduced in most solid tumors and a significant fraction of hematopoietic malignancies. Adenovirus 5 (Ad5) virus or adeno-associated viral vectors have been used to study the tumor suppressor function of FHIT in solid tumors, but these tools have not been effective in leukemias. We have generated a chimeric FHIT-containing adenovirus composed of Ad5 and the group B adenovirus called F35 with which we have been able to efficiently infect hematopoietic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infection efficiency of Ad5/F35-FHIT and Ad5/F35-GFP viruses was tested in leukemia cell lines that lacked FHIT expression, and biological effects of successful infection were assessed. An acute myelogenous leukemia, a chronic myelogenous leukemia, and four acute lymphoblastic leukemia human cell lines were examined as well as two EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines that expressed endogenous FHIT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of four acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines, Jurkat and MV4;11, which were efficiently infected with Ad5/F35-FHIT, underwent growth suppression and massive induction of apoptosis without apparent activation of caspase-8 or caspase-2 and late activation of caspase-3. Treatment of infected cells with caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibitors partially blocked FHIT-induced apoptosis. The two remaining infected acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines, Molt-3 and RS4;11, were apparently unaffected. Restoration of FHIT expression in the chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line and the acute myelogenous leukemia KG1a cell line also induced apoptosis but at later time points than seen in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat and MV4;11 cell lines. I.v. injection of Ad5/F35-FHIT-infected Jurkat cells resulted in abrogation of tumorigenicity in the NOD/SCID xenogeneic engraftment model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FHIT restoration in some FHIT-deficient leukemia cells induces both antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects involving the intrinsic caspase apoptotic pathway.
authors.affiliation: Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. pichiorri.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pichiorri
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trapasso
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Rami I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Aqeilan
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Drusco
authors.forename: Bradley W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Blaser
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iliopoulos
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Caligiuri
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huebner
authors.forename: Carlo M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Croce
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
chemical_list: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase