title: Pulmonary valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis. Promising results of 28 procedures in patients with congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary valve replacement is performed increasingly late after correction of Tetralogy of Fallot. Most reports deal with pulmonary allografts as the valvar substitute of choice, although late deterioration and reoperation(s) are the rule. Mechanical valves are scarcely reported and if so only because of complications. Although life-long anticoagulation therapy is indicated for mechanical prostheses, the chance of subsequent re-operations can be expected to be low. We report the results of 28 mechanical valve replacements in the pulmonary position.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mechanical valve was implanted in 27 of 79 patients indicated for pulmonary valve replacement. Tetralogy of Fallot was the most common basic lesion. The results and follow-up were reviewed retrospectively, where death and re-operation were primary end points. Routine outpatient follow-up, including trans-thoracic echocardiography, was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight pulmonary valve implantations were done in 27 patients. Thirty-day hospital mortality was 1/28 (3.6%), because of a cerebro-vascular accident. One patient died late (2.8 years postoperatively). Median age was 33 years and the median interval between primary repair and insertion of the prosthesis was 26 years. Freedom from re-operation at 1 year was 100%. One valve had to be replaced 14 years after implantation because of malfunction due to ingrowth of endomyocardial fibrosis. No thrombo-embolic events were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series do not confirm the bad reputation of mechanical valvar prostheses in the pulmonary position. On the contrary they perform well and result in a much lower re-operation rate than can be expected and in fact is reported after allograft usage. No thrombo-embolic complications were noted. In our experience pulmonary mechanical valve prostheses do well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 EZ Groningen, The Netherlands. t.w.waterbolk@thorax.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Tjalling W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Waterbolk
authors.forename: Elke S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hoendermis
authors.forename: Inez J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: den Hamer
authors.forename: Tjark
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome