title: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in canine intracranial meningiomas and association with patient survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a regulator of angiogenesis and vascular permeability. In human patients with meningiomas, increased VEGF expression is predictive of postsurgical recurrence. The objectives of this study were to evaluate VEGF expression in canine intracranial meningiomas and to determine whether an association between VEGF expression and patient survival existed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor tissue from 17 dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial meningiomas was obtained surgically. All dogs then were treated with radiotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 5-microm sections of paraffin-embedded tumor tissue with rabbit anti-human VEGF polyclonal antibody. The extent, intensity, and distribution of VEGF staining for each section were assessed with light microscopy by means of a semiquantitative scale. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier procedure. Survival rates among groups were compared by log-rank tests with the significance set at P < or = .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF expression was detected in all tumors, with >50% of cells staining positively in tissues from 15/17 dogs. Shorter survival times were associated with greater VEGF expression (P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF expression can be measured in canine intracranial meningiomas and may be associated with poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of VEGF expression in canine intracranial meningiomas may be used as a prognostic marker and suggests a potential future target for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK. Simon.platt@aht.org.uk
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Scase
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wieczorek
authors.forename: Jodi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adamo
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D016019:Survival Analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A