title: Persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in an alpaca.
abstract: METHODS
  A 2.5-month-old female alpaca that had been born prematurely was examined because of moderate mucopurulent nasal discharge and high rectal temperature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to pyrexia and clinical signs of disease of the upper portion of the respiratory tract, the cria had inappetence and was in an unthrifty condition. Hematologic abnormalities included low WBC count, low hemoglobin concentration, and low PCV. Samples of blood were submitted for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolation and serologic evaluation. Other adults and newborn crias in the herd were similarly examined. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was detected in the cria, and a diagnosis of persistent infection with BVDV was made at 5.5 months of age. Persistent BVDV infection was suspected in another cria born into the herd but was not identified in any of the adult alpacas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite several treatments with antimicrobials, no permanent improvement of the cria's condition was achieved. Because of the poor prognosis, the owners requested euthanasia of the cria; BVDV was isolated from specimens of multiple organs collected at necropsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, BVDV infection in New World camelids has not been regarded as a major disease entity. Findings in the cria of this report illustrate that some strains of BVDV readily infect alpacas. Clinical description of the disease plus clinicopathologic findings suggest that persistent BVDV infection may be greatly overlooked as a cause of chronic anemia and failure to thrive in alpacas.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Rocky J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Jacquelynne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Catania
authors.forename: Sheila R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Imbur
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wellejus
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001912:Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002161:Camelids, New World; D002417:Cattle; D001908:Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female