title: Aetiology-specific patterns in end-stage heart failure patients identified by functional annotation and classification of microarray data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the present study was to use gene expression profiling, functional annotations and classification to identify aetiology-specific biological processes and potential molecular markers for different aetiologies of end-stage heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual left ventricular myocardial samples from eleven coronary artery disease and nine dilated cardiomyopathy transplant patients were co-hybridized with pooled RNA from four non-failing hearts on custom-made arrays of 7000 human genes. Significance analysis identified differential expression of 153 and 147 genes, respectively, in coronary artery disease or dilated cardiomyopathy versus non-failing hearts. Analysis of Gene Ontology biological process annotations indicated aetiology-specific patterns, primarily related to genes involved in catabolism and in regulation of protein kinase activity. Gene expression classifiers were obtained and used for class prediction of random samples of coronary artery diseased and dilated cardiomyopathic hearts. Best classifiers frequently included matrix metalloproteinase 3, fibulin 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B member 1 and iroquois homeobox protein 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining functional annotation from microarray data and classification analysis constitutes a potent strategy to identify disease-specific biological processes and gene expression markers in e.g. end-stage coronary artery disease and dilated cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. vidar.beisvag@utnu.no
authors.forename: Vidar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Beisvag
authors.forename: Per Kristian
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lehre
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Midelfart
authors.forename: Halfdan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aass
authors.forename: Odd
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geiran
authors.forename: Arne Kristian
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sandvik
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laegreid
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Komorowski
authors.forename: Oyvind
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ellingsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction