title: Pre-operative immunoprophylaxis with interleukin-2 may improve prognosis in radical surgery for colorectal cancer stage B-C.
abstract: Cancer-associated immunodeficiency is seriously worsened by surgical trauma. Short-term pre-operative interleukin-2 (IL-2) administration abolished post-operative immunodeficiency. The effects of a pre-operative IL-2 immunotherapy on the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients (Dukes' stages B and C), undergoing radical surgery, are reported. The study included, after post-operative stratification, 86 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer Dukes' stage B (57) and C (29), undergoing radical laparotomic surgery, randomised to be treated pre-operatively, with or without a short-term course of subcutaneous (s.c.) IL-2 immunotherapy. Human recombinant IL-2 was given s.c. at 6x10(6) I.U. twice daily pre-operatively for 3 consecutive days. Surgery was performed 36 hours after the last IL-2 injection. Dukes' C patients of both groups received standard adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU plus folates and radiotherapy for rectal cancer patients. After a median follow-up of 54 months (range 18-86), the progression rate was significantly lower in patients pre-treated with IL-2 than in controls: 9/42 (21.4%) IL-2 group vs. 19/44 (43.1%) controls, (p <0.03). The positive effect of immunotherapy was detected both in the Dukes' B group, with 5/29 (17%) progression in the IL-2 group vs. 9/28 (32%) in controls, and Dukes' C patients with 4/13 (30%) vs. 10/16 (62%). This study shows that a 3-day pre-operative course of IL-2 immunotherapy may improve prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer at Dukes' stages B and C, as previously demonstrated in patients with more advanced disease. Therefore, the early activation of the antineoplastic immune system in the first post-operative days following a presurgical activation with IL-2 may counteract the growth of minimal residual disease and prevent late disease progression.
authors.affiliation: University of Milano Bicocca, Department of Surgical Sciences and Intensive Care, III Division of General Surgery, Monza, Italy. fernando_brivio@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brivio
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fumagalli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lissoni
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nardone
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nespoli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fattori
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denova
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiarelli
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nespoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2