title: Omeprazole and misoprostol for preventing gastric mucosa effects caused by indomethacin and celecoxib in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and to compare macro and microscopically the intense injuries of the gastric mucosa of rats which were caused by NSAIDS celecoxib and indomethacin and the gastric cytoprotection with omeprazole and misoprostol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample is formed by one hundred and fifty Wistar rats with average weight 200 g, distributed in four groups, such as: Group A, subdivided in groups A1 and A2--pre-treatment with omeprazole (20 mg/rat) during seven days and on the 8th day--use of NSAIDS, concerning A1 (20 rats) were given celecoxib (1mg/rat) and A2 (20 rats) were given indomethacin. The Group B, subdivided in group B1 and B2--pre-treatment with misoprostol (20mg/rat) during seven days and on the 8th day use of NSAIDS, concerning B1 (20 rats) were given celecoxib (1 mg/ rat) and B2 (20 rats) were given indomethacin (12.5 mg/rat). The Group C: were not given cytoprotection during seven days, from the 7th to the 8th day--fast of food and water ad libitum, on the 8th day of NSAIDS use, concerning C1 (20 rats) were given celecoxib, C2 (20 rats) were given indomethacin (12.5 mg/ rat), C3 (20 rats) were given celecoxib (200mg/rato), and Group D--control group, concerning 10 rats were observed during seven days ingesting food and water ad libitum. On the 9th day, the stomachs were taken out and were macro and microscopically evaluated for the identification of the gastric injuries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the macroscopic studies, the groups A2, B2 and C2 presented a remarkable high number of injuries for cm2/animal, respectively 18.55 injuries for cm2/animal, 16.25 injuries for cm2/animal and 13.55 injuries for cm2/animal. On the microscopic studies, the percentage of the injured mucosa, presented expressive difference among the groups A1, B1, C1 when compared to the groups A2, B2, C2 (p<0.0001). The average of the length/injury and the average of the depth of the injuries did not present expressive statistics differences among the groups A2, B2 and C2. The average of the edema presented expressive statistics difference among the groups A2 and D; B2 and C2 and between C2 and D (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The indomethacin on the applied concentration causes a great number of macroscopic and microscopic injuries to gastric mucosa of rats when compared to celecoxib which does not cause lesions. Omeprazole and misoprostol on the applied concentrations do not present macroscopic and microscopic effectiveness on the gastric cytoprotection when applying indomethacin. Considering the microscopic analysis of the average of the edema, the group of animals, which was given misoprostol as cytoprotection, presented a lower average compared to the group which was given omeprazole.
authors.affiliation: Methodist University Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. mielias@merconet.com.br
authors.forename: Míriam Elias
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: Nelson Adami
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Andreollo
authors.forename: Konradin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Metze
authors.forename: Marina Raquel
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Araújo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D016595:Misoprostol; D000068579:Celecoxib; D009853:Omeprazole; D007213:Indomethacin