title: Hydrodilation of the ureteral orifice in children renders ureteroscopic access possible without any further active dilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We review our experience with hydrodilation of the ureteral orifice for ureteroscopic access in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the results of 30 ureteroscopic procedures performed in 26 children who were followed for 6 months. Ureteral access was obtained with the assistance of a hand irrigation pump without any further active dilation in all cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 patients (86.7%) were completely stone-free after 1 procedure. There was no major complication such as ureteral perforation or avulsion. Mild flank pain was observed in 8 cases (26.7%). Predominant symptoms of bladder spasm were observed in 6 cases (20%). At 6-month followup no patient had pyelonephritis or demonstrated hydronephrosis related to ureteral stricture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that hydrodilation of the ureteral orifice in children renders ureteroscopic access possible with no additional active dilation and no associated complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, Ibni Sina Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. soygur@medicine.ankara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Tarkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soygur
authors.forename: Ali E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Zumrutbas
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gulpinar
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suer
authors.forename: Nihat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arikan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation; D014513:Ureter; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*