title: Thoracoscopic palliative treatment of malignant pleural effusions: results in 273 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to analyze the results of pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion performed by surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 273 patients with malignant pleural effusion underwent thoracoscopy with the aim of performing a palliative pleurodesis. There were 94 males (34.4%) and 175 females (64.1%), ranging in age from 15 to 94 years (mean age: 60.6 years). The effusion was on the right side in 136 patients (49.8%), on the left side in 110 (40.3%), and bilateral in 27 (9.9%). Thoracoscopy was performed under general anaesthesia in all patients. Pleural biopsy was performed in two thirds of the patients (70.7%). Pleurodesis was produced by instillation of 5g of sterile asbestos-free talc; the chest tube was left in place a minimum of 3 days. It was removed when fluid drainage was less than 200 ml/24 h. Patients were usually discharged the day after chest tube removal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no intraoperative mortality. Two patients (0.7%) had intraoperative complications; 17 (6.2%) underwent a bilateral pleurodesis, and 10 (3.7%) had a pericardiopleural window. In 32 patients (11.7%) no pleurodesis was done, either because the lung did not properly re-expand (5.2%), or because of suspected infection, e.g., false membranes (1.9%), or because of multiple adhesions (4.6%). Finally, only 241 patients (88.3%) had a talc poudrage at the time of thoracoscopy. Duration of postoperative pleural drainage ranged between 1 and 11 days (mean: 3.64 days). The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 2 to 21 days (mean: 7.1 days). Pleural empyema occurred in 4 patients (1.5%) and was lethal in one patient. The mean follow-up period was 8.39 (7.2 months, and 172 patients had regular follow up. In this group, there were 24 recurrences (14%), 12 of which were treated by repeat pleurodesis. The results were very good in 133 patients (77.3%), acceptable in 35 patients (20.3%), and there was a failure in 4 patients (2.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of surgical thoracoscopy for malignant pleural effusion are good, with low morbidity. However, in debilitated patients, bedside talc slurry may be preferable.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Department, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 42 Bd Jourdan, F-75014, Paris, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arapis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caliandro
authors.forename: J-B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Debrosse
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gossot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D018700:Pleurodesis; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012008:Recurrence; D013627:Talc / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013627:Talc