title: Integration of rapid cytosolic Ca2+ signals by mitochondria in cat ventricular myocytes.
abstract: Decoding of fast cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) transients by mitochondria was studied in permeabilized cat ventricular myocytes. Mitochondrial [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](m)) was measured with fluo-3 trapped inside mitochondria after removal of cytosolic indicator by plasma membrane permeabilization with digitonin. Elevation of extramitochondrial [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)](em)) to >0.5 microM resulted in a [Ca(2+)](em)-dependent increase in the rate of mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation ([Ca(2+)](em) resulting in half-maximal rate of Ca(2+) accumulation = 4.4 microM) via Ca(2+) uniporter. Ca(2+) uptake was sensitive to the Ca(2+) uniporter blocker ruthenium red and the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and depended on inorganic phosphate concentration. The rates of [Ca(2+)](m) increase and recovery were dependent on the extramitochondrial [Na(+)] ([Na(+)](em)) due to Ca(2+) extrusion via mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger. The maximal rate of Ca(2+) extrusion was observed with [Na(+)](em) in the range of 20-40 mM. Rapid switching (0.25-1 Hz) of [Ca(2+)](em) between 0 and 100 microM simulated rapid beat-to-beat changes in [Ca(2+)](i) (with [Ca(2+)](i) transient duration of 100-500 ms). No [Ca(2+)](m) oscillations were observed, either under conditions of maximal rate of Ca(2+) uptake (100 microM [Ca(2+)](em), 0 [Na(+)](em)) or with maximal rate of Ca(2+) removal (0 [Ca(2+)](em), 40 mM [Na(+)](em)). The slow frequency-dependent increase of [Ca(2+)](m) argues against a rapid transmission of Ca(2+) signals between cytosol and mitochondria on a beat-to-beat basis in the heart. [Ca(2+)](m) changes elicited by continuous or pulsatile exposure to elevated [Ca(2+)](em) showed no difference in mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. Thus in cardiac myocytes fast [Ca(2+)](i) transients are integrated by mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport systems, resulting in a frequency-dependent net mitochondrial Ca(2+) accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sedova
authors.forename: Elena N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Dedkova
authors.forename: Lothar A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Blatter
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D012430:Ruthenium Red / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D014966:Xanthenes; D012430:Ruthenium Red; C059715:Fluo-3; D002259:Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium