title: Hospital admission rates for a racially diverse low-income cohort of patients with diabetes: the Urban Diabetes Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the frequency and costs of hospitalization and to assess possible racial/ethnic disparities in a large cohort of low-income patients with diabetes who had received primary care at municipal health clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Administrative data from Philadelphia Health Care Centers were linked with discharge data from Pennsylvania hospitals for March 1993 through December 2001. We tested differences in hospitalization rates and mean hospital charges by age, gender, and race/ethnicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18,800 patients with diabetes experienced 30,528 hospital admissions, for a hospitalization rate of 0.35 per person-year. Rates rose with age and with the interaction of male gender and age. Rates for non-Hispanic Whites were higher than those for African Americans, whereas those for Hispanics, Asian Americans, and "others" were lower. Patients who were hospitalized at least 5 times made up 10.5% of the study population and accounted for 64% of hospital admissions and hospital charges in this cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitalization rates for this low-income cohort with access to primary care and pharmacy services were comparable to those of other diabetic patient populations, suggesting that reducing financial barriers to care may have benefited these patients. A subgroup of patients with multiple hospitalizations accounted for the majority of hospital admissions.
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Ambulatory Health Services, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA. jessica.robbins@phila.gov
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010351:Patient Discharge; D015143:Philadelphia; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data