title: Proteasome inhibitors induce death but activate NF-kappaB on endometrial carcinoma cell lines and primary culture explants.
abstract: Proteasome inhibitors are currently used as chemotherapeutic drugs because of their ability to block NF-kappaB, a transcription factor constitutively activated in many different types of human cancer. In the present study, we demonstrate that proteasome inhibitors induce cell death in endometrial carcinoma cell lines and primary explants but, instead of blocking NF-kappaB, they increase its transcriptional activity. Proteasome inhibitors induce phosphorylation of IKK alpha/beta, phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB alpha, and phosphorylation of the p65 NF-kappaB subunit on serine 536. Proteasome inhibitor-induced NF-kappaB activity can be blocked by a non-degradable form of IkappaB alpha or dominant negative forms of either IKK alpha or IKK beta. Lentiviral delivery of shRNAs to either IKK alpha or IKK beta cause blockade of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and inhibit phosphorylation of p65 on serine 536, but has no effect on IkappaB alpha degradation. These results suggest a role for p65 phosphorylation in proteasome inhibitor-induced NF-kappaB activation. Accordingly, siRNA knockdown of p65 inhibits proteasome inhibitor-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Our results demonstrate that proteasome inhibitors, including bortezomib, induce cell death on endometrial carcinoma cells and primary explants. However, they activate NF-kappaB instead of blocking its transcriptional potential. Therefore, the concept that proteasome inhibitors are blockers of NF-kappaB activation should be carefully examined in particular cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain. Electronic address: dolcet@cmb.udl.es.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dolcet
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Llobet
authors.affiliation: Cell Signalling and Apoptosis Group, Laboratori de Recerca de l'Hospital, Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques i Cirurgia, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Encinas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pallares
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabero
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
authors.forename: Joan Antoni
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schoenenberger
authors.affiliation: Cell Signalling and Apoptosis Group, Laboratori de Recerca de l'Hospital, Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques i Cirurgia, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
authors.forename: Joan X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Comella
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Matias-Guiu
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors