title: [Downregulation of Bcl-2 and survivin expression and release of Smac/DIABLO involved in bufalin-induced HL-60 cell apoptosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway related genes bcl-2, Bax, survivin and Smac/DIABLO in bufalin induced HL-60 cell apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion, apoptosis by morphology and flow cytometry, expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, Survivin, Smac/DIABLO and caspase-3 protein by Western blot, and expression of survivin mRNA by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proliferation of HL-60 cells was inhibited by bufalin and the IC(50) at 24, 48 and 72 h were 25.8, 8.0 and 2.1 nmol/L, respectively. Apoptosis was induced when the cells were treated with bufalin at concentrations of 50.0 nmol/L and higher. Compared with the control, HL-60 cells treated with bufalin at 50.0 nmol/L for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h showed decrease of Bcl-2 protein expression to 88.6%, 53.3%, 19.2% and 9.5%, Bcl-2/Bax ratio (control 2.0) to 1.7, 1.1, 0.4 and 0.2, Survivin protein expression to 75.2%, 54.8%, 37.5% and 20.3%, and survivin mRNA to 85.7%, 39.4%, 12.5%and 0%, respectively. The expression of Smac/DIABLO protein was downregulated to 77.5% (12 h), 21.2% (24 h) and 15.3% (48 h) in mitochondrial fraction and upregulated to 1.4-(12h), 2.0-(24 h) and 3.5- folds (48 h) in cytosolic fraction, respectively. The active subunits of caspase-3 were displayed after treatment for 8 h till 48 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apoptosis induced by bufalin is related to downregulation of expressions of bcl-2 and survivin, decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, mitochondrial release of Smac/DIABLO, and activation of caspase-3. The mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway may be involved in the apoptosis induced by bufalin in HL-60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yun-peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ke-zuo
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jing-dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002018:Bufanolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D002018:Bufanolides; C412403:DIABLO protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D000077022:Survivin; D053148:Caspase 3; C022777:bufalin