title: Freezing of bovine embryos: Effects of a one-step addition of 1.4 M glycerol.
abstract: The effects of a one-step addition of 1.4 M glycerol (method A) upon morphological appearance and developmental capacity of frozen/thawed day 7 bovine embryos were investigated and compared to a standard stepwise addition of 1.0 M glycerol (method B). With method A, the percentage of intact embryos (classified as excellent, good and poor) was 95.3% (61 out of 64) without differences between morulae (96.5%) and blastocysts (94.4%). With method B, the percentage of intact embryos was 83.0% (44 out of 53). The percentage was similar for blastocysts (89.2%) and significantly (p < 0.05) lower for morulae (68.8%) when compared to method A. The percentage of embryos with a damaged zona pellucida was considerably increased with method A (26.6%) when compared to method B (13.2%). The proportion of embryos with excluded blastomeres was similar in both methods (21.9% method A, 17.0% method B). With method A, pregnancy rates after nonsurgical transfer were 51.0% (25 out of 49) and were better than with method B (40.5%; 15 out of 37). Embryos with a damaged zona pellucida resulted in a high pregnancy rate of 66.7% (8 out of 12). A pregnancy rate of 52.9% (10 out of 17) was obtained with embryos showing some excluded blastomeres. Thus, a one-step addition of 1.4 M glycerol facilitates and accelerates the process of embryo cryopreservation and is compatible with high pregnancy rates. Damage of the zona pellucida does not impair further development of frozen/thawed bovine embryos provided blastomeres are intact.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Tierzucht und Tierverhalten (FAL) Mariensee, 3057 Neustadt 1, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niemann