title: Activity concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in drilled well water in Finland.
abstract: The activity concentrations of (226)Ra and (228)Ra in drinking water were determined in water samples from 176 drilled wells. (226)Ra activity concentrations were in the range of <0.01-1.0 Bq l(-1) and (228)Ra activity concentrations in the range of <0.03-0.3 Bq l(-1). The mean activity concentration of (226)Ra and (228)Ra were 0.041 and 0.034 Bq l(-1), respectively. High radium activity concentrations in drinking water were rare. Only 2-4% of the drilled wells exceeded a (226)Ra concentration of 0.5 Bq l(-1) and 1-2% of the wells exceeded a (228)Ra concentration of 0.2 Bq l(-1). These are the activity concentrations that cause a 0.1 mSv annual effective dose for users of drinking water. The maximum annual effective doses from (226)Ra and (228)Ra for users of drilled wells were 0.21 mSv, and 0.16 mSv respectively. The elevated activity concentrations of (226)Ra and (228)Ra did not occur simultaneously in the same groundwaters and the correlation between (226)Ra and (228)Ra was small.
authors.affiliation: STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, PO Box 14, 00881 Helsinki, Finland. pia.vesterbacka@stuk.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vesterbacka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turtiainen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinävaara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arvela
mesh_terms: D001417:Background Radiation; D001822:Body Burden; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011886:Radon / Q000032:analysis*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011886:Radon