title: [Microalbuminuria: cardiovascular and renal risk factors underestimated in clinical practice].
abstract: Determination of microalbuminuria has been shown to be useful to identify patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) at high risk of renal and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The determination of the albumin/creatinine (Cr) ratio in an isolate sample of urine has been shown to be sufficient for the diagnosis as well as for the evaluation of the efficacy of the therapy employed to reduce microalbuminuria. Values of urinary albumin >30 mg/g of Cr or 3,4 mg/mmol of Cr are evidence of microalbuminuria. This condition is frequently associated with high blood pressure levels, which increases dramatically not only the progression of renal disease but also de risk of a CV event. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the presence of microalbuminuria is predictive of higher morbi-mortality independent of the presence of other CV risk factors. It appears to reflect a generalized vascular lesion not confined to the glomeruli. The capacity of reducing blood pressure, intraglomerular pressure and the permeability of the glomerular membrane, which are important factors in the progression of renal disease, may explain the renoprotective effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and the angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARBs). In the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, the control of blood pressure, which has to be maintained near or below 130/80 mmHg associated to the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with ACEIs or BRAs are the best strategies to promote renal and CV protection.
authors.affiliation: UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP. tereza.zanella@hrim.com.br
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Zanella
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D003404:Creatinine