title: Physiological consequences of intrauterine insults.
abstract: Fetal lung development occurs as a complicated series of interactions between the different cell types in the lung in response to different growth factors and hormones. At birth, the human lung is in the stage of alveolar development in which the gas exchange units (alveoli) are being actively formed. The alveolar growth continues into postnatal life. Different intrauterine insults perturb this sequence of lung development in different ways. The ultimate result of aberrant lung development depends on the type of intrauterine insult, the severity, the duration of the insult and the developmental stage at which the insult occurs. This review article focuses on the common intrauterine insults encountered in clinical practice, such as infections, disorders of amniotic fluid volume, nutrition and maternal smoking. The information derived from clinical studies is juxtaposed with data from animal experiments to discuss the physiological consequences of intrauterine insults on fetal lung growth.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Ohio 45229-3039, USA. suhas.kallapur@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Suhas G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kallapur
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikegami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005311:Fetal Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology*; D016104:Oligohydramnios / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids