"Pain talk" in hospice and palliative care team meetings: an ethnography.
BACKGROUND
Specialist palliative care nurses have considerable expertise in pain management and this expertise can contribute to tension in the boundary between specialist nurses and non-specialist doctors.


OBJECTIVE
This article reports on how specialist palliative care nurses contribute to team talk about pain and the rhetorical strategies they use to develop their reputation and credibility in pain management.


METHODS
This is an ethnographic study involving the collection of naturally occurring data from eight palliative care team meetings. The study is concerned with team meetings in hospice, community and hospital palliative care settings.


METHODS
Data was collected by audio recording eight team meetings in hospice, hospital and community palliative care settings. The data were analysed using a grounded theory approach followed by application of the tools of discourse and conversation analysis.


RESULTS
The findings indicate that specialist palliative care nurses use rhetorical strategies such as contrastive rhetoric, telling atrocity stories, veiled criticism and neutralism as a platform for building a reputation in managing pain. Furthermore they situate their expertise in pain management by direct contrast with problems related to non-specialist practice in pain management.


CONCLUSIONS
The team meetings are a safe place, a collegial setting for specialist nurses to challenge non-specialist medical practice and to manage the specialist/non-specialist boundary. The findings have implications for further research related to the specialist nurse/non-specialist doctor boundary and for education of specialist nurses and GPs.
Arber
Anne
A
Pathway Leader, Cancer and Palliative Care, European Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU7 TE, UK. A.Arber@surrey.ac.uk <A.Arber@surrey.ac.uk>
D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice; D017051:Hospice Care; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D019555:Physician-Nurse Relations; D013041:Specialties, Nursing