title: Repeated measures of recent headache, neck and upper back pain in Australian adolescents.
abstract: The epidemiological and clinical literature identifies strong associations between adult headache, cervical and thoracic spine dysfunction and spinal posture. This paper reports on the prevalence and incidence of headache, neck and upper back pain which occurred in the previous week, in urban Australians aged 13-17 years. Commencing in 1999, we followed a cohort of South Australian students through 5 years of secondary schooling. Of our commencing cohort of students, 132 (30%) provided data on bodily pain every year. For both girls and boys, there was a significantly decreasing prevalence of headache over the study period, while neck pain and upper back pain increased. There was a significantly increasing trend over time for boys with upper back pain. Twenty percent of girls and boys consistently reported headache, neck pain or upper back pain over 5 years. The progression of early adolescent headaches to mid-adolescent neck and upper back pain potentially reflects the adolescents' biomechanical responses to intrinsic and extrinsic imposts. This requires further investigation to understand the causes of adolescent headache, neck and upper thoracic pain.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. karen.grimmer@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grimmer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milanese
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001416:Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*