title: Vasopressin or epinephrine for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of vasopressin in patients with cardiac arrest presenting with specific rhythms is controversial. We performed an evidence-based emergency medicine review of evidence comparing vasopressin to epinephrine in structured cardiac arrest protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and other databases for randomized trials or systematic reviews comparing vasopressin to epinephrine for adults with cardiac arrest and measuring survival to hospital discharge and neurologic function in survivors. We used standard criteria to appraise the quality of published trials and systematic reviews. We used the random effects model in supplementary analyses to summarize results and to test for significant differences across subgroups of patients presenting with different arrest rhythms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 3 high-quality well-reported randomized trials and 1 rigorous meta-analysis. The evidence does not confirm a consistent benefit of vasopressin over epinephrine in increasing survival or improving neurologic outcome in survivors. Subgroup analysis reveals a large difference in effect of vasopressin over epinephrine in cardiac arrest patients with asystole, compared to other arrest rhythms, coming from within-trial comparisons. The difference is not consistent across otherwise similar trials, is not statistically significant, may reflect the application of multiple unplanned subgroup analyses, and is not supported by a plausible biological hypothesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence from randomized trials does not establish a benefit of vasopressin over epinephrine in increasing survival to discharge or improving neurologic outcomes in adult patients with nontraumatic cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine Residency Program, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA. pw91@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wyer
authors.forename: Phillips
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Zhezhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Guyatt
mesh_terms: D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010351:Patient Discharge; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D004837:Epinephrine