title: [Postoperative pain management in clinics of otolaryngology].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate pain relieving efficacy of six agents which are used in postoperative pain management after otolaryngologic operations.
  
  
  METHODS
  120 adult patients (63 females, 57 males; mean age 36; range 18 to 76 years) were included in the study. The same intraoperative anesthesia was applied to all the patients. The following medications were randomly given to the patients who declared pain in the sixth hour after the operation: naproxen sodium, meloxicam, rofecoxib, paracetamol, dipyrone, and etodolac in proper dosage to form groups of 20 for each medication. Before and after the application of pain reliever tablets, visual analog scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) were used to inquire whether the agents were effective in relieving pain. ANOVA (one way), paired t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Student's t-test were used as statistical methods. p values <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the groups had similar VAS values before medication (p>0.05). When VAS values of each group were assessed after medication, it was recorded that naproxen sodium (p=0.020) and meloxicam (p=0.001) were effective. When the difference of NRS values between "before medication" and "after medication" was compared among the groups, all the agents significantly changed NRS values, but no inter-group differences were found (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of NRS scores, the effectiveness of six different analgesic agents which had been used to reduce postoperative pain was confirmed. Moreover, naproxen sodium and meloxicam were found to be more effective than the other agents when taken in the postoperative period for the adult patients according to VAS values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medicine Faculty of Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey. iy38@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Cüneyt
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yilmazer
authors.forename: Alper Nabi
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Erkan
authors.forename: Can Alper
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cağici
authors.forename: Sündüs
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gencay
authors.forename: Esra Erol
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Calişkan
authors.forename: Levent N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Ozlüoğlu
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017308:Etodolac / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D000077239:Meloxicam; D008875:Middle Aged; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007783:Lactones; D013450:Sulfones; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; C116926:rofecoxib; D017308:Etodolac; D000082:Acetaminophen; D009288:Naproxen; D004177:Dipyrone; D000077239:Meloxicam