title: Impact of in vivo fatty acid oxidation blockade on glucose turnover and muscle glucose metabolism during low-dose AICAR infusion.
abstract: AMPK plays a central role in influencing fuel usage and selection. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of low-dose AMP analog 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribosyl monophosphate (ZMP) on whole body glucose turnover and skeletal muscle (SkM) glucose metabolism. Dogs were restudied after prior 48-h fatty acid oxidation (FA(OX)) blockade by methylpalmoxirate (MP; 5 x 12 hourly 10 mg/kg doses). During the basal equilibrium period (0-150 min), fasting dogs (n = 8) were infused with [3-(3)H]glucose followed by either 2-h saline or AICAR (1.5-2.0 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) infusions. SkM was biopsied at completion of each study. On a separate day, the same protocol was undertaken after 48-h in vivo FA(OX) blockade. The AICAR and AICAR + MP studies were repeated in three chronic alloxan-diabetic dogs. AICAR produced a transient fall in plasma glucose and increase in insulin and a small decline in free fatty acid (FFA). Parallel increases in hepatic glucose production (HGP), glucose disappearance (R(d tissue)), and glycolytic flux (GF) occurred, whereas metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR(g)) did not change significantly. Intracellular SkM glucose, glucose 6-phosphate, and glycogen were unchanged. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC approximately pSer(221)) increased by 50%. In the AICAR + MP studies, the metabolic responses were modified: the glucose was lower over 120 min, only minor changes occurred with insulin and FFA, and HGP and R(d tissue) responses were markedly attenuated, but MCR(g) and GF increased significantly. SkM substrates were unchanged, but ACC approximately pSer(221) rose by 80%. Thus low-dose AICAR leads to increases in HGP and SkM glucose uptake, which are modified by prior FA(ox) blockade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rantzau
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Alford
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011422:Propionates; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D019344:Lactic Acid; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D012694:Serine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006003:Glycogen; D005934:Glucagon; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide; D005947:Glucose; C017522:methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate