title: Effects of serious mental illness and substance abuse on criminal offenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some believe serious mental illness has been "criminalized." Effects of serious mental illness and substance abuse on criminal offenses were studied for 113 postbooking jail diversion participants and their nondiverted counterparts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raters read participants' and police report descriptions of criminal offenses and participants' explanations for them. Using 5-point scales, raters independently estimated whether an offense resulted directly or indirectly from serious mental illness or substance abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serious mental illness and substance abuse had little effect on offenses. However, substance abuse led to a sizable minority of offenses and was more likely than mental illness to cause an offense.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unless factors unique to serious mental illness can be specifically associated with behavior leading to incarceration, the criminalization hypothesis should be reconsidered in favor of more powerful risk factors for crime that are widespread in social settings of persons with serious mental illness.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Clinical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, 10 North Greene Street, Suite 6A, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. john.junginger@med.va.gov
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Junginger
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Claypoole
authors.forename: Ranilo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laygo
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crisanti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*