Fractalkine in rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions.
Leukocyte adhesion and trafficking at the endothelium requires both adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors. Fractalkine (CX3C) is a unique chemokine, and is expressed on tumor necrosis factor-alpha- and interleukin-1-activated endothelial cells (ECs). Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, is expressed on NK cells, monocytes, and some portion of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells. Interactions between fractalkine and CX3CR1 can mediate not only chemotaxis, but also cell adhesion in the absence of substrates for other adhesion molecules. Furthermore, fractalkine activates NK cells, leading to increased cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma production. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that fractalkine is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions. This review examines new concepts underlying fractalkine-mediated leukocyte migration and tissue damage, focusing primarily on the pathophysiological roles of fractalkine in rheumatic diseases.
Umehara
Hisanori
H
Division of Hematology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. umehara@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
Tanaka
Masao
M
Sawaki
Toshioki
T
Jin
Zhe-Xiong
ZX
Huang
Cheng-Ri
CR
Dong
Lingli
L
Kawanami
Takafumi
T
Karasawa
Hiromi
H
Masaki
Yasufumi
Y
Fukushima
Toshihiro
T
Hirose
Yuko
Y
Okazaki
Toshirou
T
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D018925:Chemokines; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine