Stable engraftment after a conditioning regimen with fludarabine and melphalan for bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated donor.
Graft failure and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) are major obstacles after the first unrelated-donor bone marrow transplantation (UD-BMT) with reduced-intensity conditioning. We evaluated UD-BMT with fludarabine (5 x 25 mg/m2) and melphalan (2 x 90 mg/m2) treatment combined with short-term methotrexate and tacrolimus (n = 20) or cyclosporine (n = 2) therapy for 22 patients with hematologic malignancies who were ineligible for conventional conditioning. Only 9 patients were in remission at transplantation. Seventeen patients underwent HLA-matched or DRB1 allele-mismatched transplantation, and 5 patients underwent HLA-A allele-mismatched or serologically HLA-DR-mismatched transplantation. Regimen-related toxicities were tolerable, although transient oral mucositis, hepatobiliary enzyme elevation, and diarrhea were observed frequently. All evaluable patients achieved sustained neutrophil engraftment, and all patients tested showed complete donor chimerism on day 28. With a median follow-up of 16 months, NRM and overall survival rates at 1 year were 19% and 81%, respectively, among the patients who underwent HLA-matched or DRB1 allele-mismatched transplantation. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of grades II to IV occurred in 26% of the patients. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 44%. Despite the small number of patients and the short follow-up period, this reduced-intensity regimen enabled satisfactory engraftment and achievement of rapid complete donor chimerism with tolerable toxicities in the patients, including those who underwent HLA-mismatched UD-BMT.
Inamoto
Yoshihiro
Y
Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Aichi, Japan. yinamoto@js3.so-net.ne.jp
Oba
Taku
T
Miyamura
Koichi
K
Terakura
Seitaro
S
Tsujimura
Akane
A
Kuwatsuka
Yachiyo
Y
Tokunaga
Masahiro
M
Kasai
Masanobu
M
Murata
Makoto
M
Naoe
Tomoki
T
Kodera
Yoshihisa
Y
D000328:Adult; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014019:Tissue Donors; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine; D008558:Melphalan