title: Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 5 is necessary and sufficient to specify cortical neuronal fate.
abstract: Multipotent cortical progenitor cells differentiate into neurons and glial cells during development; however, mechanisms governing the specification of progenitors to a neuronal fate are not well understood. Although both extrinsic and intrinsic factors regulate this process, little is known about kinase signaling mechanisms that direct neuronal fate. Here, we report that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 5 is expressed and active in proliferating cortical progenitors. Lentiviral gene delivery of a dominant negative ERK5 or dominant negative MAP kinase kinase 5 reduced the number of neurons generated from rat cortical progenitor cells in culture, whereas constitutive activation of ERK5 increased the production of neurons. Furthermore, when cortical progenitor cells were treated with ciliary neurotrophic factor, which induces precocious glial differentiation, ERK5 activation still promoted neuronal fate while suppressing glial differentiation. Our data also indicate that ERK5 does not directly regulate proliferation or apoptosis of cultured cortical progenitors. We conclude that ERK5 is necessary and sufficient to stimulate the generation of neurons from cortical progenitors. These results suggest a previously uncharacterized function for ERK5 signaling during brain development and raise the interesting possibility that extrinsic factors may instruct cortical progenitors to become neurons by activating the ERK5 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Lidong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Paige
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cundiff
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: Yupeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Faigle
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakagami
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhengui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D048054:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7