title: Puberty-related influences on brain development.
abstract: Puberty is a time of striking changes in cognition and behavior. To indirectly assess the effects of puberty-related influences on the underlying neuroanatomy of these behavioral changes we will review and synthesize neuroimaging data from typically developing children and adolescents and from those with anomalous hormone or sex chromosome profiles. The trajectories (size by age) of brain morphometry differ between boys and girls, with girls generally reaching peak gray matter thickness 1-2 years earlier than boys. Both boys and girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (characterized by high levels of intrauterine testosterone), have smaller amygdala volume but the brain morphometry of girls with CAH did not otherwise significantly differ from controls. Subjects with XXY have gray matter reductions in the insula, temporal gyri, amygdala, hippocampus, and cingulate-areas consistent with the language-based learning difficulties common in this group.
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 10, Room 4C110, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1367, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States. jg@nih.gov
authors.forename: Jay N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Giedd
authors.forename: Liv S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Clasen
authors.forename: Rhoshel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lenroot
authors.forename: Dede
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greenstein
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ordaz
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: Julia W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tossell
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stayer
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Samango-Sprouse
authors.forename: Dinggang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davatzikos
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merke
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Chrousos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*