title: Synergic effect of polymorphisms in ERCC6 5' flanking region and complement factor H on age-related macular degeneration predisposition.
abstract: This study investigates age-related macular degeneration (AMD) genetic risk factors through identification of a functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and its disease association. We chose ERCC6 because of its roles in the aging process, DNA repair, and ocular degeneration from the gene disruption. Bioinformatics indicated a putative binding-element alteration on the sequence containing C-6530>G SNP in the 5' flanking region of ERCC6 from Sp1 on the C allele to SP1, GATA-1, and OCT-1 on the G allele. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays displayed distinctive C and G allele-binding patterns to nuclear proteins. Luciferase expression was higher in the vector construct containing the G allele than that containing the C allele. A cohort of 460 advanced AMD cases and 269 age-matched controls was examined along with pathologically diagnosed 57 AMD and 18 age-matched non-AMD archived cases. ERCC6 C-6530>G was associated with AMD susceptibility, both independently and through interaction with an SNP (rs380390) in the complement factor H (CFH) intron reported to be highly associated with AMD. A disease odds ratio of 23 was conferred by homozygozity for risk alleles at both ERCC6 and CFH compared with homozygozity for nonrisk alleles. Enhanced ERCC6 expression was observed in lymphocytes from healthy donors bearing ERCC6 C-6530>G alleles. Intense immunostaining of ERCC6 was also found in AMD eyes from ERCC6 C-6530>G carriers. The strong AMD predisposition conferred by the ERCC6 and CFH SNPs may result from biological epistasis, because ERCC6 functions in universal transcription as a component of RNA pol I transcription complex.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, and Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, Section on Ophthalmic Molecular Genetics, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Jingsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuo
authors.forename: Baitang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bojanowski
authors.forename: Zhong-Ning
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Defen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Emily Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: Fred F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Kadlubar
authors.forename: Chi-Chao
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017242:Complement Factor H / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493495:CFH protein, human; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D017242:Complement Factor H; D004265:DNA Helicases; C078673:ERCC6 protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes