title: Facial profile evaluation in Japanese-Brazilian adults with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to establish the norms of soft-tissue profile analysis for a sample of Japanese-Brazilian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Facial-profile photographs were taken of 60 Japanese-Brazilians (30 men, 30 women) with normal occlusions and balanced faces, ranging in age from 18 to 30 years. The facial-profile variables were measured by computerized means and compared with white norms by using the independent t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were found in the Japanese-Brazilian sample compared with the white norms. Japanese-Brazilian women had more anteriorly positioned glabellae, smaller nasal projections, and more opened nasolabial angles than white American women. Japanese-Brazilian men had more anteriorly positioned glabellae, smaller noses, larger protrusions of the upper and lower lips, less projected B'-points, and more obtuse nasolabial angles than white American men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single norm for facial-profile esthetics does not apply to all ethnic groups. The normative data for the Japanese population should be used as a guide for comparison during diagnosis, and the orthodontist and the maxillofacial surgeon should also consider each patient's perception of beauty, to establish an individualized treatment plan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of São Paulo City, São Paulo, Brazil. helioorto@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Helio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scavone
authors.forename: Horácio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trevisan
authors.forename: Daniela G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Garib
authors.forename: Flávio Vellini
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001938:Brazil; D002508:Cephalometry; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D044465:White People