title: Automatic and effortful processing of self-statements in depression.
abstract: Clark and Beck (1999) and Williams et al. (1997) have come up with quite different conclusions regarding which cognitive processes are most affected by negative self-schemata and negative knowledge structures. In order to increase the understanding of differences in effortful and automatic processing in depression, we compared never depressed (ND), previously depressed (PD) and clinically depressed (CD) individuals on free recall, recognition and fabrication of positive and negative self-statements. The results showed that: (i) overall NDs and PDs recalled more positive self-statements than CDs, whereas CDs correctly recognized more negative self-statements than NDs and PDs; and (ii) CDs and PDs fabricated more negative than positive self-statements, whereas no difference was obtained for NDs. The results seem to be in line with Clark and Beck's suggestions. However, there are several aspects of the present findings that make the picture more complicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Norway. cwang@psyk.uit.no
authors.forename: Catharina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brennen
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holte
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D001290:Attitude; D001332:Automatism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014705:Verbal Behavior