Sixteen-slice multi-detector computed tomographic angiography improves the accuracy of screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury.
BACKGROUND
Blunt cerebrovascular injuries (BCVI) are rare but potentially devastating injuries, particularly if the diagnosis is delayed. Only four-vessel cerebral angiography (FVCA) has been shown to be adequately sensitive and specific as a screening tool for BCVI but is resource-intensive and invasive. Computed tomography (CT) angiography has emerged as a possible alternative, but its accuracy has been poor, particularly for low-grade injuries. Recent advances in CT technology, particularly the use of a multi-detector array for image acquisition should improve the accuracy of this technique. This study is the first reported experience of the role of the 16-slice multi- detector CT scanner in screening for BCVI.


METHODS
From January 2, 2003 to October 31, 2004, all patients who met predefined screening criteria were screened for blunt injury to the carotid (BCI) and vertebral (BVI) arteries with a 16-slice multi-detector CT scanner with angiographic reconstruction (CTA). If CTA was positive or equivocal for BCVI, FVCA was performed as a confirmatory test. If CTA was negative, no further diagnostic studies were performed.


RESULTS
There were 435 patients who met criteria and were screened with CTA. Of these, 25 injuries were identified in 24 patients for an incidence of BCVI of 1.2% (24/2023) among all blunt admissions (BTA) and 5.5% (24/435) among screened patients (SP). This was increased compared with the four-slice era (0.38% BTA, 2.4% SP, p<0.01). No patient with a negative CTA was subsequently identified as having, or developed neurologic symptoms attributable to a missed BCVI.


CONCLUSIONS
Sixteen-slice multi-detector CT angiography is an excellent tool to screen for BCVI and detects all clinically significant injuries. The detected incidence of BCVI increased more than threefold with the 16-slice scanner when compared with the four-slice scanner. This demonstrates a clear technological improvement in our ability to screen for these injuries.
Berne
John D
JD
Division of Trauma Surgery, East Texas Medical Center, Tyler, Texas 75701, USA. jberne@aol.com
Reuland
Kurt S
KS
Villarreal
David H
DH
McGovern
Thomas M
TM
Rowe
Stephen A
SA
Norwood
Scott H
SH
D000792:Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020214:Cerebrovascular Trauma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000293:injuries*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*