title: Poor educational attainment and sexually transmitted infections associated with positive HIV serostatus among female in-patient substance abusers in Trinidad and Tobago.
abstract: Female crack cocaine users are at high risk for HIV infection. Data from 121 female substance abusers admitted to an all-female rehabilitation center in Trinidad and Tobago between 1996 and 2002 were reviewed retrospectively to determine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence and associated risk factors. HIV seroprevalence was 19.8%, which is six times higher than in the general population. The univariate analysis identified the following factors associated with HIV infection: poor educational attainment, history of a sexually transmitted infection (STI), and use of crack cocaine. In the multivariate analysis, only poor educational attainment and history of an STI were independently associated with HIV seroprevalence. Female substance abusers, especially female crack cocaine users, are at high risk of acquiring and transmitting the HIV virus. To reduce risk of HIV infection, rehabilitation programs should address risky sexual behaviors and screen for STIs, and they also should improve educational attainment, develop skills, and provide vocational training.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad. drreid@tstt.net.tt
authors.forename: Sandra D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago / Q000453:epidemiology; D014829:Vocational Education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine