title: N-hydroxyurea--a versatile zinc binding function in the design of metalloenzyme inhibitors.
abstract: N-Hydroxyurea binds both to carbonic anhydrase (CA) and to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). X-ray crystallography showed N-hydroxyurea to bind in a bidentate mode by means of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the NHOH moiety to the Zn(II) ion of CA, participating in a network of hydrogen bonds with a water molecule and Thr199. A derivatized N-hydroxyurea showed low-micromolar affinity for several CAs. This simple zinc binding function may be exploited for obtaining potent metalloenzyme inhibitors, due to its versatility of binding to the metal ion present in the active site of such enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Temperini
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scozzafava
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D013912:Threonine / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004798:Enzymes; D014867:Water; D013912:Threonine; D015032:Zinc; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen; D006918:Hydroxyurea