title: Significance of preoperative C-reactive protein as a parameter of the perioperative course and long-term prognosis in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant and a known indicator of the malignant potential of the tumour. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of preoperative CRP as a parameter of the perioperative course and long-term prognosis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum CRP was determined preoperatively in 291 of 371 patients undergoing oesophagectomy for cancer from December 1989 to March 2004. Median patient age was 59 (28-79) year, 82.5% of patients were males. Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 151 (51.9%) and adenocarcinoma in 122 patients. Transhiatal oesophagectomy was done in 151 (51.9%) patients and 134 (46.0%) patients underwent the abdominothoracic procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 127 (43.6%) patients the preoperative serum CRP concentration was within the normal range (< 5 mg/dL), elevated CRP levels were measured in 164 (56.4%) patients. Tumour extension (P < 0.0005) and the number of lymph nodes affected by metastatic spread (P = 0.015) were significantly increased in the group with elevated CRP levels. Among the perioperative parameters both the number of blood transfusions (P = 0.006) and the general complication rate (P = 0.002) were higher in patients with elevated preoperative CRP levels. The long-term survival rate of 13.6 (0-109.8) mo was poorer in the group with elevated CRP levels compared to 18.9 (0-155.4) mo in the group with normal CRP levels (log-rank test: P = 0.107). Multivariate analysis with backward variables selection identified preoperative CRP as an independent prognostic factor of the long-term prognosis in patients with oesophageal carcinoma, with a hazard ratio of 1.182 (95% confidence interval: 1.030-1.356).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preoperative serum CRP-level is an easily determined independent prognostic marker in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany. gockel@ach.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gockel
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dirksen
authors.forename: Claudia-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Messow
authors.forename: Theodor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Junginger
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein