[Structure, methodology and ethics of German commissions on living organ donation].
Living organ donation is a medically established and morally acceptable method of transplantation. According to German Transplantation Law, an expert review by a local "Commission on Living Donation" (Lebendspendekommission, LSK) is required before transplantation. The legal task of this review is to ensure a voluntary decision by the donor and to rule out illegal trading of organs. Results from a national survey among all LSKs show that the process of review and assessment varies considerably among German LSKs. Most of them carry out a compulsory hearing of every potential donor, but this is omitted by some LSKs in a number of cases. Only 60% of all LSKs feel confident to determine donors' free will and protect their self-determination. Only 33% claim to be able to recognise illegal trading of organs. The LSKs even disagree on the exact borderline between legal incentives and illegal commerce. An expansion of living donation by financial incentives, pool-donation or crossover donation is supported only by a minority of German LSKs. The article argues in favour of establishing national standards for the process of LSK-reviews in order to foster procedural ethics and trustworthiness in the field of living organ donation.
Sievers
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K
Abteilung Geschichte, Ethik und Philosophie der Medizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Neitzke
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G
D003625:Data Collection; D017041:Ethics Committees / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D019520:Living Donors / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence