title: Urinary and serum titanium: assessment as an indicator of exposure to ammonium citratoperoxotitanate (IV) and its influence on renal function.
abstract: Ammonium citratoperoxotitanate IV (TAS-FINE) is a water-soluble titanium complex used to synthesize a photocatalytic titanium(IV) oxide film. This study was aimed to investigate the LD50, dose-response, time-course response, and renal toxicity of TAS-FINE using an animal model. Serum titanium (S-Ti) and its 24-h urinary excretion (U-Ti) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-argon emission spectrometry (ICPAES) after a single oral TAS-FINE administration to male Wistar rats. The LD50 of TAS-FINE was 7.97 g/kg body weight in 24 h, and its half-life was 3.78+/-1.28 d for S-Ti and 2.19+/-0.09 d for U-Ti. Although TAS-FINE was not easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, it was distributed into the bloodstream in a dose-dependent manner. Within 24 h, 0.189% of administrated Ti was excreted via urine. It was speculated that TAS-FINE formed conjugates with serum constituents that resulted in nephrotoxicity resulting from an allergic reaction. The observed indices in this study were revealed to be good indicators for TAS-FINE exposure. The analytical method and animal model described in this study will help to further elucidate details about human exposure to TAS-FINE, which in recent times has become an occupational and environmental toxicant of concern.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative and Social Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakasuji
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usuda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dote
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C016001:alpha-1-microglobulin; C513030:ammonium citratoperoxotitanate IV; D014025:Titanium; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase