Substituted adamantyl-urea inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase dilate mesenteric resistance vessels.
The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been identified as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. Metabolism of the EETs to the dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids is catalyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Administration of urea-based sEH inhibitors provides protection from hypertension-induced renal injury at least in part by lowering blood pressure. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that a mechanism by which sEH inhibitors elicit their cardiovascular protective effects is via their action on the vasculature. Mesenteric resistance arteries were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats, pressurized, and constricted with the thromboxane A2 agonist U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-11,9-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F2alpha). Mesenteric arteries were then incubated with increasing concentrations of the sEH inhibitor 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)dodecanoic acid (AUDA). AUDA resulted in a concentration-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries, with 10 microM resulting in a 48 +/- 7% relaxation. Chain-shortened analogs of AUDA had an attenuated vasodilatory response. Interestingly, at 10 microM, the sEH inhibitors 1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecylurea, 12-(3-cyclohexylureido)dodecanoic acid, and 950 [adamantan-1-yl-3-{5-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]pentyl}urea] were significantly less active, resulting in a 25 +/- 8%, 10 +/- 9%, and -8 +/- 3% relaxation, respectively. Treatment of mesenteric arteries with tetraethylammonium, iberiotoxin, ouabain, or glibenclamide did not alter AUDA-induced relaxation. The AUDA-induced relaxation was completely inhibited when constricted with KCl. In separate experiments, denuding mesenteric resistance vessels did not alter AUDA-induced relaxation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that adamantyl-urea inhibitors have unique dilator actions on vascular smooth muscle compared with other sEH inhibitors and that these dilator actions depend on the adamantyl group and carbon chain length.
Olearczyk
Jeffrey J
JJ
The Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. jolearczyk@mail.mcg.edu
Field
Mary B
MB
Kim
In-Hae
IH
Morisseau
Christophe
C
Hammock
Bruce D
BD
Imig
John D
JD
D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000502:physiology; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
C504897:12-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido)dodecanoic acid; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007850:Lauric Acids; D010455:Peptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D013757:Tetraethylammonium Compounds; C064719:iberiotoxin; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D000218:Adamantane