title: Ethnic-by-gender differences in cigarette smoking among Asian and Pacific Islanders.
abstract: We examined the interaction between ethnicity and gender in predicting the likelihood of having ever smoked (vs. having never smoked) and being a current smoker (vs. being a former smoker) and in predicting years spent as a regular smoker. These relationships were examined while controlling for the possible confounding effects of sociodemographics, psychosocial factors, and chronic medical conditions. The analysis examined cross-sectional data from 1,158 people of Native Hawaiian, Filipino, Japanese, and White ethnic ancestry, finding large ethnic and gender-ethnic differences in the prevalence of former and current smoking. Multiple regression analyses showed significant gender x ethnicity interactions in predicting the likelihood of having ever smoked but not in the likelihood of being a current smoker (vs. having quit) or in the duration of years spent smoking. The results of the present study have important implications for smoking prevention programs among men and women in three distinct Asian and Pacific Islander ethnic groups.
authors.affiliation: Imi Hale Native Hawaiian Cancer Awareness, Research, and Training Network, Honolulu, HI, USA. kaholoku@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Joseph Keawe'aimoku
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kaholokula
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kana'iaupuni
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grandinetti
authors.forename: Healani K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology