title: Pathways to health: a cluster randomized trial of nicotine gum and motivational interviewing for smoking cessation in low-income housing.
abstract: Despite high smoking rates among those living in poverty, few cessation studies are conducted in these populations. This cluster-randomized trial tested nicotine gum plus motivational interviewing (MI) for smoking cessation in 20 low-income housing developments (HDs). Intervention participants (10 HDs, n = 66) received educational materials, 8 weeks of 4 mg nicotine gum, and 5 MI sessions on quitting smoking. Comparison participants (10 HDs, n = 107) received 5 MI sessions and educational materials addressing fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants had a mean age of 46.3 years and were predominantly female (70%) and African American (83%). Biochemically-verified 7-day abstinence rates at 8 weeks were 6.1% and 5.6% in the intervention and comparison arms, respectively (p = ns); and at 26 weeks were 7.6% and 9.3%, respectively (p = ns). Results suggest that nicotine gum plus MI were not effective for smoking cessation in low-income housing. Programs are needed to enhance the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and counseling in underserved populations.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA. kokuyemi@umn.edu
authors.forename: Kolawole S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Okuyemi
authors.forename: Aimee S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nollen
authors.forename: Delwyn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Catley
authors.forename: Won S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jasjit S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011203:Poverty; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum