title: Oxygen sensors in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
abstract: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an essential mechanism adapting lung perfusion to regional ventilation. Perturbations to HPV, such as those occurring in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and liver failure, can result in arterial hypoxemia. Under conditions of general hypoxia, HPV increases pulmonary vascular resistance and thus causes acute pulmonary hypertension. Despite intensive research, the underlying mechanisms of HPV have not been fully elucidated. Deciphering signalling pathways that result in HPV could suggest novel approaches to address a failure of HPV, as well as for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with HPV. Within this context, this review focuses on current concepts in the oxygen sensing mechanisms that underlie HPV.
authors.affiliation: University of Giessen Lung Center (UGLC), Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-University, Germany. Norbert.Weissmann@UGLC.de
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weissmann
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Ralph Theo
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Schermuly
authors.forename: Hossein Ardeschir
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ghofrani
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimminger
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C105245:heme oxygenase-2; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium