title: Vanillin as a modulator agent in SMART test: inhibition in the steps that precede N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-, ethylmethanesulphonate- and bleomycin-genotoxicity.
abstract: Vanillin (VA), the world's major flavoring compound used in food industry and confectionery products - that has antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity against a variety of mutagenic/carcinogenic agents - was tested for the interval between the formation of premutational lesion and it is finalization as a DNA lesion. The overall findings using co-treatment protocols in SMART test suggest that VA can lead to a significant protection against the general genotoxicity of ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and bleomycin sulphate (BLEO). Considering MNU, ENU and EMS the desmutagenic activity observed could result from VA-stimulation of detoxification, via induction of glutathione S-transferase. However, the protector effect related to BLEO could be attributed to its powerful scavenger ability, which has the potential to prevent oxidative damage induced by BLEO.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Mutagênese, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15053, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marialva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sinigaglia
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baumgardt
authors.forename: Viviane Souza
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.forename: Rafael Rodrigues
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dihl
authors.forename: Maria Luíza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Reguly
authors.forename: Heloísa Helena Rodrigues
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: de Andrade
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D002875:Chromosomes; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D008297:Male; D008770:Methylnitrosourea / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D001547:Benzaldehydes; D005819:Genetic Markers; D001761:Bleomycin; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate; C100058:vanillin; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea