title: Antidepressants and pain.
abstract: Tricyclic antidepressants, together with anticonvulsants, are considered to be first-line drugs for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Antidepressants are analgesic in patients with chronic pain and no concomitant depression, indicating that the analgesic and antidepressant effects occur independently. The analgesia induced by these drugs seems to be centrally mediated but consistent evidence also indicates a peripheral site of action. Several pharmacological mechanisms account for their antinociceptive effect but the inhibition of monoamine transporters (and, consequently, the facilitation of descending inhibition pain systems) is implicated on the basis of mechanistic and knockout-mouse studies. However, pain is a common symptom of depression, and depression is frequent in chronic pain patients, supporting the hypothesis that pain and depression share some common biochemical mechanisms. We suggest that antidepressants have a genuine analgesic effect and that research into their mechanisms of action will help to facilitate the development of new drugs.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Neuroscience (Pharmacology and Psychiatry), School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela 9, 11003 Cádiz, Spain. juanantonio.mico@uca.es
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Micó
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ardid
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berrocoso
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eschalier
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors