title: A measure of engagement for children with intellectual disabilities in early childhood settings: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of engagement that could be used in practice with children with disabilities, including children with severe intellectual disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Individual Child Engagement Record (ICER) was designed to observe and record the engagement of individual children in order to identify optimal programs for them. Using the measure, 5 children with mild to severe disabilities were observed in an inclusive childcare setting across 4 types of ongoing activities: routine, one-to-one instruction, planned, and child-initiated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generally, the children were better engaged in routine activities. The lowest level of engagement was found for planned activities. There were, however, differences across children with regard to the relative value of the different types of activities in promoting engagement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measure allowed for the identification of activities that would provide better learning opportunities for children with significant disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Macquarie University Special Education Centre, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D008282:Mainstreaming, Education; D008297:Male; D012931:Social Environment