title: Antiviral effect of Guazuma ulmifolia and Stryphnodendron adstringens on poliovirus and bovine herpesvirus.
abstract: Crude extract (CE) and aqueous (AqF) and ethyl acetate (EtOAcF) fractions of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae and the corresponding AqF, EtOAcF of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, Leguminosae were tested for their antiviral activity against poliovirus 1 (P-1) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) in HEp-2 cultured cells. The antiviral activity was monitored by plaque assay and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) under virucidal and therapeutic protocols. The therapeutic protocol demonstrated statistically significant positive results with both plants and for both virus strains. The highest percentages of viral inhibition were found for G. ulmifolia EtOAcF which inhibited BHV-1 and P-1 replication by 100% and 99%, respectively (p<0.05, Student's t-test). For S. adstringens, AqF was the most efficient, inhibiting BHV-1 and P-1 by 97% and 93%, respectively (p<0.05). In the virucidal protocol, G. ulmifolia CE inhibited the replication of BHV-1 and P-1 by 60% and 26%, respectively (p<0.05), while, for S. adstringens, inhibition of 62% (p<0.05) was demonstrated only with EtOAcF for P-1. IFA demonstrated that the greatest reduction in fluorescent cell number occurred with G. ulmifolia, under the therapeutic protocol for both virus strains. However, AqF and EtOAcF of S. adstringens were most efficient with the virucidal protocol for P-1. In conclusion, we demonstrated that G. ulmifolia and S. adstringens inhibited BHV-1 and P-1 replication, as well as, blocked the synthesis of viral antigens in infected cell cultures.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana Meri Mestrimer
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: Vinicius Pires
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Rincão
authors.forename: Fabrício José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Benati
authors.forename: Rosa Elisa Carvalho
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Linhares
authors.forename: Karen Janaina
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Galina
authors.forename: Cleyton Eduardo Mendes
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: de Toledo
authors.forename: Gisely Cristiny
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: João Carlos Palazzo
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Mello
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nozawa
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019660:Malvaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol