title: Metal changes in CSF and peripheral compartments of parkinsonian patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Involvement of metals in the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) has been suggested. In the present study, concentration of metals in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, serum, urine and hair of 91 PD patients and 18 controls were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood and hair were microwave digested, while CSF, serum and urine were water-diluted. Elements quantification was achieved by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Sector Field Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some metal imbalances in PD were observed: i), in CSF, lower Fe and Si; ii), in blood, higher Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn; iii), in serum, lower Al and Cu; iv), in urine, lower Al and Mn, higher Ca and Fe; and v), in hair, lower Fe. The ROC analysis suggested that blood Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn were the best discriminators between PD and controls. In addition, hair Ca and Mg were at least 1.5 times higher in females than in males of patients and controls. A decrement with age of patients in hair and urine Ca and, with less extent, in urine Si was observed. Magnesium concentration in CSF decreased with the duration and severity of the disease. Elements were not influenced by the type of antiparkinsonian therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variation in elements with the disease do not exclude their involvement in the neurodegeneration of PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bocca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alimonti
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Senofonte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Violante
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petrucci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sancesario
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Forte
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000652:urine; D012372:ROC Curve; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D008670:Metals