title: Re-assessment of risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infections: a case-control study in five FoodNet Sites, 2002-2003.
abstract: Active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) infection revealed a decline in incidence in the 1990s, followed by an increase starting in 2000. We sought to determine if the fluctuation in SE incidence could be explained by changes in foodborne sources of infection. We conducted a population-based case-control study of sporadic SE infection in five of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites during a 12-month period in 2002-2003. A total of 218 cases and 742 controls were enrolled. Sixty-seven (31%) of the 218 case-patients and six (1%) of the 742 controls reported travel outside the United States during the 5 days before the case's illness onset (OR 53, 95% CI 23-125). Eighty-one percent of cases with SE phage type 4 travelled internationally. Among persons who did not travel internationally, eating chicken prepared outside the home and undercooked eggs inside the home were associated with SE infections. Contact with birds and reptiles was also associated with SE infections. This study supports the findings of previous case-control studies and identifies risk factors associated with specific phage types and molecular subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Ruthanne.Marcus@yale.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medus
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Boothe
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crume
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fullerton
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lyszkowicz
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Voetsch
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Angulo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014195:Travel; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology