title: Acute undifferentiated fever in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam: imprecise clinical diagnosis and irrational pharmaco-therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the characteristics of patients consulting commune primary healthcare posts for acute undifferentiated fever not being malaria (AUF), and to explore the diagnostic and therapeutic responses of the healthcare workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients presenting with AUF at 12 commune health posts and one clinic at the provincial malaria station, Binh Thuan, a dengue endemic province in southern Vietnam, were included. Record forms were used to fill in patient and diseases characteristics, pre-referral treatment, signs and symptoms, provisional diagnosis and installed treatment, referral and final outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two thousand ninety-six patients were included from April 2001 to March 2002. The median delay to attend the health posts was, 0.87 day for > 5, 1.15 days for children aged 5-15 years and 1.41 days for adults (P < 0.001). Sixty-five per cent of patients took some measures before consulting the health post, of whom 82% applied self-medication and 69% took antibiotics. Pre-referral medication with antibiotics increased with age (RR 1.012 per year of age; 95% CI: 1.004-1.019). The diagnostic and therapeutic response of healthcare workers was very unspecific. The tourniquet test was inappropriately used as general discriminating test, not only for detecting dengue haemorrhagic fever. Empiric antibiotic therapy was installed in 77.2% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of uncomplicated fever, not being malaria, at the primary healthcare level in Vietnam is non-specific, dominated by searching signs of hemorrhagic dengue and empiric antibiotic treatment. This can probably be improved by better education.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hoang L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Phuong
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagelkerke
authors.forename: Phan T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Giao
authors.forename: Le Q
authors.initials: le Q
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Tran Q
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Binh
authors.forename: Tran T Thanh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nga
authors.forename: Nguyen V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kager
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D012423:Rural Health; D012621:Seasons; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents