title: Tumour necrosis factor alpha-stimulated gene-6 inhibits osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells induced by osteogenic differentiation medium and BMP-2.
abstract: To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of OPLL (ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament) of the spine, an ectopic bone formation disease, we performed cDNA microarray analysis on cultured ligament cells from OPLL patients. We found that TSG-6 (tumour necrosis factor alpha-stimulated gene-6) is down-regulated during osteoblastic differentiation. Adenovirus vector-mediated overexpression of TSG-6 inhibited osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells induced by BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)-2 or OS (osteogenic differentiation medium). TSG-6 suppressed phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad 1/5 induced by BMP-2, probably by inhibiting binding of the ligand to the receptor, since interaction between TSG-6 and BMP-2 was observed in vitro. TSG-6 has two functional domains, a Link domain (a hyaluronan binding domain) and a CUB domain implicated in protein interaction. The inhibitory effect on osteoblastic differentiation was completely lost with exogenously added Link domain-truncated TSG-6, while partial inhibition was retained by the CUB domain-truncated protein. In addition, the inhibitory action of TSG-6 and the in vitro interaction of TSG-6 with BMP-2 were abolished by the addition of hyaluronan. Thus, TSG-6, identified as a down-regulated gene during osteoblastic differentiation, suppresses osteoblastic differentiation induced by both BMP-2 and OS and is a plausible target for therapeutic intervention in OPLL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Diagnosis, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Ituro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D003470:Culture Media; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008022:Ligaments / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003470:Culture Media; C072273:TNFAIP6 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase