title: Protective effects of trapidil in ischemia-reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion and detorsion: an experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to detect the preventive effects of trapidil in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury due to testicular torsion and detorsion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty prepubertal albino rats were used. In the IR group, torsion was created by rotating the left testis over 2 h, and detorsion was done by untwisting the testis. Bilateral orchiectomies were performed after 4 h. In study group, 2-h torsion was performed and trapidil was administered as a single dose 1 h before detorsion. Bilateral orchiectomies were performed after 4 h. In the sham group, a sham operation was done. In the sham plus trapidil group, a sham operation was done and trapidil was administered as a single dose. Testicular tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and total sulfhydryl (T-SH) levels were determined for each group. The grades of interstitial injury were determined in histopathologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NO and MDA levels in the IR group were significantly higher than the study, sham and sham plus trapidil groups in the left testis (P<0.05, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). A statistical difference was not found among study, sham and sham plus trapidil groups in the left testis in NO and MDA levels (P>0.05). The T-SH level in the study group was significantly higher than in the IR, sham and sham plus trapidil groups in left testis P<0.05). In the IR group (left testis), grade 1 interstitial injury was 30% (3/10), grade 2 injury was 60% (6/10) and grade 3 injury was 10% (1/10). In the study group (left testis), grade 1 interstitial injury was 30% (3/10) and there was no injury in 70% (7/10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trapidil decreased free oxygen radical formation in testicular torsion and detorsion, and attenuated histopathological damage in the ipsilateral twisted testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey. somuncusal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somuncu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Caglayan
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014192:Trapidil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014192:Trapidil