title: Sharpless surgery: a prospective study of the feasibility of performing operations using non-sharp techniques in an urban, university-based surgical practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous injuries occur frequently during surgical procedures and represent a significant occupational hazard to operating room personnel.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of performing select general surgical procedures using a combination of non-sharp devices and techniques to replace the conventional use of scalpels and needles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Candidate procedures for which sharpless techniques could replace conventional scalpels and suture needles were identified preoperatively in an urban, university-based general surgical practice over a 1-year period (June 2003-June 2004). Non-sharp techniques included monomeric 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive, electrocautery, tissue stapler, and minimally invasive instrumentation. Conventional scalpels and suture needles were readily available and used whenever necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  We rated the feasibility of performing specific procedures without sharps. We also documented the rate of overall reversion to sharps during operations on patients that had been identified preoperatively as candidates for sharpless surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 358 procedures performed in the general surgery university practice, 91 were identified preoperatively as appropriate for sharpless surgery. Of these, 86.8% (79/91) were completed without the use of sharps, including 13/22 (59.1%) open laparotomy procedures, 20/22 (90.9%) laparoscopic procedures, and 46/47 (97.8%) soft tissue procedures. Intraoperative reversion to sharps occurred in 12 cases when deemed necessary by the surgeon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Select common procedures can be performed entirely with sharpless techniques, eliminating the risk to surgical personnel associated with intraoperative percutaneous injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. mmakary1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Makary
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pronovost
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: E Anne
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Millman
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Cornwell
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Syin
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Freischlag
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000517:prevention & control*