title: The many faces of glutathione in bacteria.
abstract: Glutathione is one of the most abundant thiols present in cyanobacteria and proteobacteria, and in all mitochondria or chloroplast-bearing eukaryotes. In bacteria, in addition to its key role in maintaining the proper oxidation state of protein thiols, glutathione also serves a key function in protecting the cell from the action of low pH, chlorine compounds, and oxidative and osmotic stresses. Moreover, glutathione has emerged as a posttranslational regulator of protein function under conditions of oxidative stress, by the direct modification of proteins via glutathionylation. This review summarizes the biosynthesis and function of glutathione in bacteria from physiological and biotechnological standpoints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, 78712-0231, USA.
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masip
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Veeravalli
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Georgiou
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002713:Chlorine; D005978:Glutathione