title: Moderate versus deep hypothermia for arterial switch operation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the impact of moderate versus deep intraoperative hypothermia on postoperative morbidity in patients receiving a standard arterial switch operation (ASO).
  
  
  METHODS
  71 newborns underwent ASO from 9/98 onwards. Patients were operated using moderate hypothermia (M, 24 degrees C to 30 degrees C, n=21) or deep hypothermia (D, 16-22 degrees C, n=50). Mean patient age was 9.5 (M) versus 10 (D) days, body weight 3.6+/-0.7 (M) versus 3.8+/-0.9 kg (D), P=n. s. Coronary anatomy was complex in 9.5% (M) versus 16% (D) of patients; additional VSD was present in 23.8 (M) versus 38% (D) of the patients, respectively. Mean follow-up is 2.3+/-1.6 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative rectal temperature was 25+/-2 degrees C (M) and 19+/-2 degrees C (D). Cross-clamping time was 95+/-24 (M) versus 108+/-31 min (D), P=n. s. Conventional ultrafiltration was performed at 114+/-46 (M) versus 129+/-69 ml/kg (D), P=n. s. One patient (D) with complex anatomy suffered myocardial ischemia required ECMO support and died. In-hospital mortality was 1.4%. All other patients were safely weaned from extracorporeal circulation with moderate inotropic support. Secondary chest closure was performed in 33% (M) versus 54 % (D) of the patients. Patients were extubated after 7.4 (M) versus 6 (D) days. There was no renal failure and no other serious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASO can be safely performed using moderate hypothermia, even with complex anatomy, leading to comparatively good results compared to a conventional approach.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Herzchirurgie, Herzzentrum, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. walt@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dähnert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bellinghausen
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kostelka
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures