title: The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the technical delivery of postmastectomy radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the impact of immediate breast reconstruction on postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 110 patients (112 treatment plans) who had mastectomy with immediate reconstruction followed by radiotherapy were compared with contemporaneous stage-matched patients who had undergone mastectomy without intervening reconstruction. A scoring system was used to assess optimal radiotherapy planning using four parameters: breadth of chest wall coverage, treatment of the ipsilateral internal mammary chain, minimization of lung, and avoidance of heart. An "optimal" plan achieved all objectives or a minor 0.5 point deduction; "moderately" compromised treatment plans had 1.0 or 1.5 point deductions; and "major" compromised plans had > or =2.0 point deductions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 112 PMRT plans scored after reconstruction, 52% had compromises compared with 7% of matched controls (p < 0.0001). Of the compromised plans after reconstruction, 33% were considered to be moderately compromised plans and 19% were major compromised treatment plans. Optimal chest wall coverage, treatment of the ipsilateral internal mammary chain, lung minimization, and heart avoidance was achieved in 79%, 45%, 84%, and 84% of the plans in the group undergoing immediate reconstruction, compared respectively with 100%, 93%, 97%, and 92% of the plans in the control group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0015, and p = 0.1435). In patients with reconstructions, 67% of the "major" compromised radiotherapy plans were left-sided (p < 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation treatment planning after immediate breast reconstruction was compromised in more than half of the patients (52%), with the largest compromises observed in those with left-sided cancers. For patients with locally advanced breast cancer, the potential for compromised PMRT planning should be considered when deciding between immediate and delayed reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Sabin B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Motwani
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Naomi R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Schechter
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Gordon K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Howard N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Langstein
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kronowitz
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meric-Bernstam
authors.forename: Nuhad K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000637:transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps