title: [The effect of botulinum A toxin repeated injection in treating blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term efficacy of botulinum A toxin (BTXA) repeated injection for the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm (HFS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty patients with blepharospasm and/or HFS (75 sides and 65 sides respectively) were treated with constant BTXA local repeated injection over 4 times and the dosage was 12.5-15.0 U and 22.5-32.5 U respectively in each injection. A total number of 886 injections were given. All the patients were followed up for 2-8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The earliest effect was found in 2-3 days after the treatment. The effective ratios of the partial relieved, remarkably relieved and completely relieved in blepharospasm and HFS were 0, 67.7%, 32.7% and 1.4%, 72.3%, 26.3% respectively. The average duration of improvement lasted about (19.9 +/- 4.5) weeks and (20.7 +/- 4.2) weeks respectively (P>0.05), which increased with the times of injection. The local side effects were mild and transient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BTXA for the treatment of blepharospasm and HFS is a safe, effective and simple method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. jinling-w@fmmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Jinling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins