title: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety assessment of palifermin (rHuKGF) in healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palifermin is a recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor approved to decrease the incidence and duration of severe oral mucositis in patients with hematologic malignancies who received myelotoxic therapy requiring hematopoietic stem cell support.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of palifermin in healthy volunteers after single, escalating doses (60 to 250 mug/kg). Pharmacodynamic measurements (Ki67 staining) assessing buccal mucosal epithelial proliferation were performed at baseline and at 48 or 72 hours after dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to palifermin increased approximately dose proportionally, with a 3-fold increase observed for a 4-fold increase in dose. Palifermin concentrations decreased sharply during the first 0.5 to 1.5 hours after dosing, slightly increased or plateaued between 1.5 and 6 hours, and subsequently decreased. The overall mean systemic clearance and volume of distribution at steady state were 590 mL/h/kg and 2000 mL/kg, respectively. The mean half-life ranged from 4.5 to 6 hours across the dose levels. The mean and SD ratio of Ki67 staining at 48 hours after dosing to baseline was 1.19 (0.24) for placebo, 2.02 (0.60) for 60 mug/kg, 3.04 (1.13) for 120 mug/kg, and 4.66 (0.77) for 250 mug/kg-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Palifermin exhibited linear pharmacokinetics and caused dose-dependent epithelial proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Pharmacology, and Regulatory Affairs, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, and Quintiles Phase I Unit, Lenexa, CA 91320, USA. pzia@amgen.com
authors.forename: Parnian
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zia-Amirhosseini
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salfi
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leese
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Dimitry M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Danilenko
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cesano
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7