title: The challenge of pediatric continent urinary diversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Continent urinary diversion (CUD) may be required for refractory incontinence in children with various malformations. We review our experience with CUD to identify determinants of success and ongoing challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 43 consecutive patients undergoing CUD since 1991 at British Columbia Children's Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our preferred surgery was intestinal cystoplasty and either appendicovesicostomy (77%) or ileal-vesicostomy. Concomitant bladder neck surgery was performed in 67%. Mean follow-up was 2.5 years. There was a 16% revision rate for persistent leakage, the most common being cystoscopic injection of bulking agents. Continence was ultimately achieved in 88%. Early major and minor postoperative complications each occurred in 21% of cases. Delayed minor complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in 30% including stomal stenosis in 6 patients and stomal prolapse in 2. Urolithiasis required intervention in 5 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric CUD is a challenging endeavor. Most patients achieve continence although many require additional minor procedures to do so. Early major and minor complications are common. A significant minority of patients require reoperation for delayed minor complications. Patients and families should be informed of these frustrations as part of their preoperative counseling. A high degree of family motivation and commitment is essential.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada V6H 3V4.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Secord
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: MacNeily
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent