title: Impaired coronary flow velocity reserve and aortic distensibility in patients with untreated hypercholesterolemia--an echocardiographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypercholesterolemia is a primary risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and leading to severe stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) and aortic atherosclerosis (AA). The objective of this investigation was to measure elastic modulus [(E(p), in 10(3) mmHg] and Young's circumferential static elastic modulus [(E(s), in 10(3) mmHg] as aortic distensibility indices and coronary flow velocity reserve (CFR) in untreated hypercholesterolemic (HC) patients in the course of the same stress transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and to compare their results to normochole- sterolemic (NC) subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following patient populations were compared: 17 NC subjects with negative coronary angiograms, 18 patients with untreated hypercholesterolemia with a negative coronary angiogram and 23 HC patients with significant left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) disease. All patients underwent coronary angiography, transthoracic and stress TEE examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CFR was significantly reduced in patients of both groups with hypercholesterolemia as compared to NC subjects (1.99+/-0.76 and 1.79+/-0.32 vs. 2.58+/-0.63, P<0.05, respectively). E(p) was significantly increased in HC patients with negative coronary angiograms as compared to NC subjects (0.39+/-0.18 vs. 0.67+/-0.19, P<0.05), while further increase was found in HC patients with LAD disease (0.67+/-0.19 vs. 1.09+/-0.52, P<0.05). E(s) behaved similarly (4.06+/-2.73 vs. 7.60+/-3.70 vs. 11.38+/-6.91, P<0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion it may be stated that CFR and aortic distensibility indices can be evaluated simultaneously by stress TEE in HC patients. CFR and aortic distensibility were impaired in HC patients as compared to NC subjects.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, 2nd Department of Medicine and Cardiology Center, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 6, P.O. Box 427, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary. nemes@in2nd.szote.u-szeged.hu
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Miklós
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Csanády
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged