title: The dynamic distribution of fluoro-gold and its interrelation with neural nitric oxide synthase following intracerebroventricular injection into rat brain.
abstract: We mapped the dynamic distribution of fluoro-gold (FG) within rat brain following intracerebroventricular (icv) injection into the lateral ventricle and observed its interrelation with neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) using FG fluorescent microphotography combined with nNOS immunohistochemistry. We also detected the amount of icv administered FG entering the peripheral circulation using a fluorescence microplate assay. The degree of periventricular penetration of FG was significantly increased over time. At 2 min after icv injection, FG primarily labeled the choroid plexus in the lateral and third ventricles, with limited penetration into the ependyma and the subependyma of the same ventricles. Some FG/nNOS-double labeled cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons were observed in these ventricles as well. At 15 and 30 min, FG penetrated mainly into forebrain ventricular organs and parenchymal structures. Many FG/nNOS double labeled neurons were found at each of these sites. In addition, at 30 min intense FG labeling was found in the hypophysis, while limited periventricular penetration of FG was detected in the hindbrain circumventricular areas. In the peripheral circulation, a low concentration of FG was detected 2 min after icv injection. The concentration increased slowly, peaked at 20 min, then gradually decreased until the end of the experiment at 30 min. These findings indicate that dynamic penetration of icv administrated agents into the periventricular tissues and peripheral circulation should be considered when designing icv experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Roisen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000201:enzymology*; D005453:Fluorescence; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013266:Stilbamidines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: C049774:2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt; D015415:Biomarkers; D013266:Stilbamidines; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I