title: Adsorption of irinotecan onto oral adsorbent AST-120 (Kremezin) for preventing delayed diarrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the significant dose-limiting toxicities of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) is severe diarrhea due to impairment of the intestinal membrane induced by the excreted CPT-11 and its metabolites. AST-120 (Kremezin) is a prominent oral adsorbent that consists of porous spherical carbonic particles. To evaluate whether Kremezin can prevent the diarrhea induced by CPT-11, we investigated the adsorption characteristics of CPT-11 and its metabolites onto Kremezin in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  For in vitro studies, Kremezin was added to each solution containing one of the camptothecin drugs (CPT-11, SN-38, and SN-38-glucuronide), and adsorption activities were determined under various conditions. For in vivo studies, CPT-11 was consecutively administered, and the occurrence of diarrhea was compared between Kremezin-treated and non-treated rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kremezin drastically adsorbed the camptothecin drugs in vitro, and the adsorption percentages of the camptothecin drugs for 60 min were more than 85%. In addition, the frequency of diarrhea in Kremezin-treated rats decreased by approximately half of that in the non-treated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kremezin showed potent adsorption capacities for the camptothecin drugs and mitigated the symptoms of diarrhea in rats. These results suggest that Kremezin is useful to prevent the diarrhea in clinical CPT-11 chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Miyazaki Medical College Hospital, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan.
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidaka
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogikubo
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwakiri
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Kimihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Tsuyomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikenoue
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arimori
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000930:Antidiarrheals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010087:Oxides; D002244:Carbon; D000077146:Irinotecan; C040896:AST 120; D002166:Camptothecin