title: Molecular immunophenotyping of lungs and spleens in naive and vaccinated chickens early after pulmonary avian influenza A (H9N2) virus infection.
abstract: In a respiratory-infection-model with the avian influenza A H9N2 virus we studied lung and splenic immune reactions in chickens using a recently developed 5K chicken immuno-microarray. Groups of chickens were either mock-immunized (referred to as non-immune), vaccinated with inactivated viral antigen only (immune) or with viral antigen in a water-in-oil (W/O) immunopotentiator (immune potentiated). Three weeks after vaccination all animals were given a respiratory infection. Immune potentiated birds developed inhibitory antiviral antibodies, showed minimal lung histopathology and no detectable viral sequences, while non-immune animals showed microscopic immunopathology and detectable virus. Immune birds, receiving antigen in saline only, showed minimal microscopic histopathology, and intermediate levels of virus detection. These classical features in the different groups were mirrored by overlapping or specific mRNA gene expression profiles in lungs and spleen using microarray analysis. To our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating pneumonia-associated lung pathology of the low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 virus. Our data provide insights into the molecular interaction of this virus with its natural host when naive or primed by vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccine Technology & Immunology R&D, Intervet International B.V., P.O. Box 31, 5830 AA Boxmeer, The Netherlands. Winfred.Degen@Intervet.com
authors.forename: Winfried G J
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Degen
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bartjan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Simmelink
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Dave W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Burt
authors.forename: Virgil E J C
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Schijns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000502:physiology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D016207:Cytokines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007370:Interferon Type I; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D047988:Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Peptides and Proteins; D003165:Complement System Proteins