title: Racial and ethnic differences in diabetic patient-reported depression symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression is common in diabetes, but little is known about depression in minorities with diabetes. This study investigated (1) racial/ethnic variation in depressive symptoms, (2) racial/ethnic variation in patient-reported physician-diagnosed depression, (3) racial/ethnic variation in patient-reported pharmacological depression treatment, and (4) the effects of demographic and diabetes variables on these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community sample of 740 persons with diabetes attending diabetes health fairs in the northeastern US participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, observational. Participants were paid $5 on-site for completing a one-time, anonymous self-report questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire asked about demographics and diabetes, as well as physician-diagnosed depression and medication for depression. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale was used to determine depressive symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ANCOVA revealed that rates of depressive symptoms were similar among White, African-American, and Latino persons with diabetes. One quarter (24.2%) endorsed physician-diagnosed depression, and 40.2% of them (9.7% of the total sample) reported pharmacological treatment. In logistic regression, African-Americans reported lower rates of physician-diagnosed depression than Whites, OR=0.470. In logistic regression, those African Americans who endorsed depression diagnosis reported marginally lower rates of pharmacotherapy than Whites, OR=0.415.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providers are encouraged to address depression in their diabetic patients, paying particular attention to minorities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. juwagner@uchc.edu
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsimikas
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heapy
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D044469:Racial Groups; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology