title: Determination of steroid estrogens in wastewater treatment plant of a controceptives producing factory.
abstract: Steroid estrogens such as estrone (E1), 17beta-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17alpha-ethynylestradiol (EE2) have been suspected to be the main contaminants, which can affect the endocrine system of animals. Many authors have investigated these chemicals in the domestic wastewater treatment plants (WTP). However, wastewater from industries producing steroid contraceptives has not got ample attention. From the environmental point of view, the four steroids are very significant because even very low concentrations (ng/L) can cause reproductive disturbances in human, livestock and wildlife. The main purpose of the present investigation was to develop an analytical method for the determination of the four steroid estrogens present in WTP of a pharmacy factory, mainly producing contraceptive medicine in Beijing, China. Analysis was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) system and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The average recoveries from effluent samples ranged from 88% to 103% and the precision of the method ranged from 9% to 4%. Based on 0.5-L wastewater samples, the limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined at 0.7 ng/L for E1, 0.8 for E2, 0.9 ng/L for E3, and 0.5 ng/L for EE2 in influent, and 1.0 ng/L for E2 and EE2, and 2.0 ng/L for E1 and E3 in effluent. In the influent samples, average concentrations of 80, 85, 73 and 155 ng/L were determined for E1, E2, E3 and EE2, respectively, showing that they were removed in this WTP to the extent of 79, 73, 85 and 67%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical