title: Ocular inflammatory responses in the EP2 and EP4 receptor knockout mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of EP2 and EP4 receptors in murine ocular inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostaglandin EP2 and EP4 receptor knockout and wild-type mice were treated topically with prostaglandin E2, SDF-1, and RANTES and lipopolysaccharide by intravitreal injection. Paracentesis was performed by puncturing the cornea. The increase in the level of aqueous humor protein and the number of leukocytes were measured and the vascular leakage of protein was visualized using fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the EP2 receptor knockout mice, there was significant inhibition of the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier caused by lipopolysaccharides, paracentesis, prostaglandin E2, SDF-1, and RANTES. Reductions in the disruption in the blood-aqueous barrier and leukocyte infiltration after lipopolysaccharide injection and paracentesis were significant, but there was no increase in the aqueous humor protein level after prostaglandin E2 treatment in EP4 receptor knockout mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present experiments suggest that EP2 and EP4 receptors partly mediate the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and leukocyte infiltration induced by prostaglandin E2, SDF-1, RANTES, and lipopolysaccharides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Louisville, KY, USA. s0bisw04@gwise.louisville.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhattacherjee
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tilley
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Koller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018916:Blood-Aqueous Barrier; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D007267:Injections; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000502:physiology*; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D014606:Uveitis, Anterior / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C545645:Ptger2 protein, mouse; C545651:Ptger4 protein, mouse; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058307:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype