title: [Examination of granuloma of revised cemented or cementless total hip arthroplasties using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aseptic loosening is the most common problem in total hip arthroplasty (THA). One main aspect is inflammatory reaction against wear particles of the prosthesis materials. Analysing failure mechanisms in THA analysis of the particles and their element distribution of revised granulomatous tissue is essential to improve materials used in THA.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 granulomas of revised THA due to aseptic loosening, 13 of which with metal on metal bearing (M/M), were analysed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elements Cr, Mn, Ni, Al, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ti, V, Zr, Nb and Fe could be detected. The maximum value of Cr was 23.88 ppb (parts per billion), Al 191.02 ppb, Ni 64.95 ppb and Zr 9.96 ppb. The highest value of Al could be found in cementless implants. The maximum value of the elements Cr and Ni could be detected in M/M. In cemented implants the highest value of Zr was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The origin of Zr was the used bone cement in cemented THA. The elements Cr and Ni were significantly higher in M/M bearings. The highest value of Al was detected in granulomas of revised corund rough blasted cementless implants. The histopathologic findings of the revised M/M bearings have been published recently. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) could not show any differences of the alloying constituents in cases with or without allergic reactions. ICP-OES analysis seems to be not useful examination of histologic sections using SEM with cryotransfer unit.
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Klinik Rummelsberg, Schwarzenbruck, Deutschland. hf-riedel@arcor.de
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hönle
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Göske
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kachler
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Holzwarth
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuh
mesh_terms: D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002484:Cementation; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000145:classification*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000145:classification*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000145:classification* / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008670:Metals