title: Heat shock protects cardiac cells from doxorubicin-induced toxicity by activating p38 MAPK and phosphorylation of small heat shock protein 27.
abstract: Doxorubicin (DOX) and its derivatives are used as chemotherapeutic drugs to treat cancer patients. However, production of DOX-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) by prolonged use of these drugs has been found to cause dilative cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Thus various preventive modalities have been developed to avoid this side effect. We have found that the DOX-mediated oxidant-induced toxicity in cardiac cells could be minimized by hyperthermia-induced small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27); that is, this protein acts as an endogenous antioxidant against DOX-derived oxidants such as H(2)O(2). Heat shock-induced HSP27 was found to act as an antiapoptotic protein (reducing ROS and Bax-to-Bcl2 ratio) against DOX, and its phosphorylated isoforms stabilized F-actin remodeling in DOX-treated cardiac cells and, hence, attenuated the toxicity. Protein kinase assays and proteomic analyses suggested that higher expression of HSP27 and its phosphorylation are responsible for the protection in heat-shocked cells. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed six isoforms (nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated) of HSP27. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight analyses showed alpha- and beta-isoforms of HSP27, which are phosphorylated by various protein kinases. Ser(15) and Ser(85) phosphorylation of HSP27 by MAPK-assisted protein kinase 2 was found to be the key mechanism in reduction of apoptosis and facilitation of F-actin remodeling. The present study illustrates that hyperthermia protects cells from DOX-induced death through induction and phosphorylation of HSP27 and its antiapoptotic and actin-remodeling activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Venkatakrishnan
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Leni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moldovan
authors.forename: Arturo J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cardounel
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zweier
authors.forename: Periannan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuppusamy
authors.forename: Govindasamy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ilangovan
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000975:Antioxidants; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C486114:Hspb1 protein, rat; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D004317:Doxorubicin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases