title: Sclerosing cholecystitis associated with autoimmune pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the histopathological and radiological findings of the gallbladder in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The radiological findings of the gallbladder of 19 AIP patients were retrospectively reviewed. Resected gallbladders of 8 AIP patients were examined histologically and were immunostained with anti-IgG4 antibody. Controls consisted of gallbladders resected for symptomatic gallstones (n = 10) and those removed during pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma (n = 10), as well as extrahepatic bile ducts and pancreases removed by pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic carcinoma (n = 10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thickening of the gallbladder wall was detected by ultrasound and/or computed tomography in 10 patients with AIP (3 severe and 7 moderate); in these patients severe stenosis of the extrahepatic bile duct was also noted. Histologically, thickening of the gallbladder was detected in 6 of 8 (75%) patients with AIP; 4 cases had transmural lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with fibrosis, and 2 cases had mucosal-based lymphoplasmacytic infiltration. Considerable transmural thickening of the extrahepatic bile duct wall with dense fibrosis and diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration was detected in 7 patients. Immunohistochemically, severe or moderate infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells was detected in the gallbladder, bile duct, and pancreas of all 8 patients, but was not detected in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gallbladder wall thickening with fibrosis and abundant infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells is frequently detected in patients with AIP. We propose the use of a new term, sclerosing cholecystitis, for these cases that are induced by the same mechanism as sclerosing pancreatitis or sclerosing cholangitis in AIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Japan. kamisawa@cick.jp
authors.forename: Terumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamisawa
authors.forename: Yuyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Atsutake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Shinichirou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002758:Cholangiography; D002764:Cholecystitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002765:Cholecystography; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010179:Pancreas / Q000737:chemistry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications*; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G