title: Adaptation to an electropalatograph palate: acoustic, impressionistic, and perceptual data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate adaptation to the electropalatograph (EPG) from the perspective of consonant acoustics, listener perceptions, and speaker ratings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven adults with typical speech wore an EPG and pseudo-EPG palate over 2 days and produced syllables, read a passage, counted, and rated their adaptation to the palate. Consonant acoustics, listener ratings, and speaker ratings were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The spectral mean for the burst (/t/) and frication (/s/) was reduced for the first 60-120 min of wearing the pseudo-EPG palate. Temporal features (stop gap, frication, and syllable duration) were unaffected by wearing the pseudo-EPG palate. The EPG palate had a similar effect on consonant acoustics as the pseudo-EPG palate. Expert listener ratings indicated minimal to no change in speech naturalness or distortion from the pseudo-EPG or EPG palate. The sounds [see text] were most likely to be affected. Speaker self-ratings related to oral comfort, speech, tongue movement, appearance, and oral sensation were negatively affected by the presence of the palatal devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speakers detected a substantial difference when wearing a palatal device, but the effects on speech were minimal based on listener ratings. Spectral features of consonants were initially affected, although adaptation occurred. Wearing an EPG or pseudo-EPG palate for approximately 2 hr results in relatively normal-sounding speech with acoustic features similar to a no-palate condition.
authors.affiliation: Charles Sturt University, Panorama Avenue, Bathurst, New South Wales 2795, Australia. smcleod@csu.edu.au
authors.forename: Sharynne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Searl
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003813:Dentistry; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010159:Palate / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013060:Speech; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement