title: Smoking, drinking, sleeping habits, and other lifestyle factors and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese females: findings from the KYSS study.
abstract: Many risk factors have been proposed for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, there is little information about the relationship between lifestyles and SLE in Japan. Two case control studies were conducted in Kyushu, southern Japan, and in Hokkaido, northern Japan, to examine the relationship between lifestyles and development of SLE in females. The participants were 78 patients and 329 controls in Kyushu and 35 patients and 188 controls in Hokkaido. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of SLE after adjusting for age in both regions. However, in Hokkaido, this association between smoking and SLE did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for alcohol drinking. The present study suggests that smoking may increase the risk of SLE among Japanese females.
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. washio@st-mary.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Washio
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Toyoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asami
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kobashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ushiyama
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hotokebuchi
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Naomasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Asae
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oura
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sinomura
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Motohisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires