title: Hydrolysis of (1,4)-beta-D-mannans in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is mediated by the concerted action of (1,4)-beta-D-mannan endohydrolase and beta-D-mannosidase.
abstract: A family GH5 (family 5 glycoside hydrolase) (1,4)-beta-D-mannan endohydrolase or beta-D-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), designated HvMAN1, has been purified 300-fold from extracts of 10-day-old barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings using ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation, followed by ion exchange, hydrophobic interaction and size-exclusion chromatography. The purified HvMAN1 is a relatively unstable enzyme with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kDa, a pI of 7.8 and a pH optimum of 4.75. The HvMAN1 releases Man (mannose or D-mannopyranose)-containing oligosaccharides of degree of polymerization 2-6 from mannans, galactomannans and glucomannans. With locust-bean galactomannan and mannopentaitol as substrates, the enzyme has K(m) constants of 0.16 mg x ml(-1) and 5.3 mM and kcat constants of 12.9 and 3.9 s(-1) respectively. Product analyses indicate that transglycosylation reactions occur during hydrolysis of (1,4)-beta-D-manno-oligosaccharides. The complete sequence of 374 amino acid residues of the mature enzyme has been deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a near full-length cDNA, and has allowed a three-dimensional model of the HvMAN1 to be constructed. The barley HvMAN1 gene is a member of a small (1,4)-beta-D-mannan endohydrolase family of at least six genes, and is transcribed at low levels in a number of organs, including the developing endosperm, but also in the basal region of young roots and in leaf tips. A second barley enzyme that participates in mannan depolymerization through its ability to hydrolyse (1,4)-beta-D-manno-oligosaccharides to Man is a family GH1 beta-D-mannosidase, now designated HvbetaMANNOS1, but previously identified as a beta-D-glucosidase [Hrmova, MacGregor, Biely, Stewart and Fincher (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11134-11143], which hydrolyses 4NP (4-nitrophenyl) beta-D-mannoside three times faster than 4NP beta-D-glucoside, and has an action pattern typical of a (1,4)-beta-D-mannan exohydrolase.
authors.affiliation: School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide and Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. maria.hrmova@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hrmova
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biely
authors.forename: Jelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lahnstein
authors.forename: Geoffrey B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Fincher
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology; D001467:Hordeum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008351:Mannans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D044902:beta-Mannosidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008351:Mannans; D010940:Plant Proteins; D044902:beta-Mannosidase