title: Risk factors for elevated intraocular pressure after trans-tenon retrobulbar injections of triamcinolone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risk factors that induce an elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) after trans-Tenon retrobulbar injections of triamcinolone acetonide.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 49 consecutive patients (49 eyes) with choroidal neovascularization or diffuse diabetic macular edema who had received one trans-Tenon retrobulbar injection of triamcinolone acetonide (20 mg) between June 2003 and September 2004, while being treated at Kagawa University Hospital or Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital. Diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed in ten of the patients. Steroid responders were defined as having a relative increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) of >6 mmHg and an absolute IOP >20 mmHg with an anatomically open anterior chamber angle. The mean follow-up time was 4.2 +/- 0.2 months (range, 3-6 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients were responders and 40 patients were nonresponders. The elevation of the IOP occurred 1 to 4 weeks after the injection. The only preoperative predictive factor for the steroid responders was the presence of diabetes mellitus (multiple logistic regression analysis, odds ratio = 32.78, P = 0.006). After topical glaucoma medication, the IOP returned to acceptable levels in all responders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest an association between diabetes mellitus and elevated IOP after a trans-Tenon retrobulbar triamcinolone acetonide injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan. kazuyk@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiraga
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mandai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009915:Orbit; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014221:Triamcinolone