title: Computer aided surgery: concepts and applications in rhinology.
abstract: Computer-aided surgery (CAS) has become relevant in a growing number of disciplines. This article will describe the history and principals of CAS and explain some of the technical issues, applications, and outcomes for CAS in the domain of rhinology.
authors.affiliation: The Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: P Daniel
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Knott
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Citardi
mesh_terms: D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods; D013523:Surgical Equipment; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed