title: Chronic matrix metalloproteinase inhibition following myocardial infarction in mice: differential effects on short and long-term survival.
abstract: Left ventricular (LV) remodeling occurs after myocardial infarction (MI), and the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to adverse LV remodeling after MI. Short-term pharmacological MMP inhibition (MMPi; days to weeks) in animal models of MI have demonstrated a reduction in adverse LV remodeling. However, the long-term effects (months) of MMPi on survival and LV remodeling after MI have not been examined. MI was induced in adult mice (n = 131) and, at 3 days post-MI, assigned to MMPi [MI-MMPi: (s)-2-(4-bromo-biphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-methyl-butyric acid (PD200126), 7.5 mg/day/p.o., n = 64] or untreated (MI-only, n = 67). Unoperated mice (n = 16) served as controls. The median survival in the MI-only group was 5 days, whereas median survival was significantly greater in the MI-MMPi group at 38 days (p < 0.05). However, with prolonged MMPi (>120 days), a significant divergence in the survival curves occurred in which significantly greater mortality was observed with prolonged MMPi (p < 0.05). LV echocardiography at 6 months revealed LV dilation in the MI-only and MI-MMPi groups (154 +/- 14 and 219 +/- 24 microl) compared with control (67 +/- 4 microl, p < 0.05), with a greater degree of dilation in the MI-MMPi group (p < 0.05). MMPi conferred a beneficial effect on survival early post-MI, but prolonged MMPi (>3 months) was associated with higher mortality and adverse LV remodeling. These unique results suggest that an optimal temporal window exists with respect to pharmacological interruption of MMP activity in the post-MI period.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. wilburnm@musc.edu
authors.forename: Francis G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Spinale
authors.forename: G Patricia
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Jennifer W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hendrick
authors.forename: Leslie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Sarah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Camens
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mingoia
authors.forename: Christina G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Squires
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ikonomidis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases