title: Drug use and risk of HIV/AIDS on the Mexico-USA border: a comparison of treatment admissions in both countries.
abstract: This study analyzes trends in treatment admissions and summarizes HIV/AIDS risk factors along the US-Mexican border. Data are presented at the national level and at the state level for states along the border. Client data also are compared for treatment programs located in sister cities on the Texas-Mexico border. These data show that methamphetamine admissions are increasing nationally and methamphetamine use is a major problem in the western states on both sides of the border. Use of Ice (smoked methamphetamine) has increased significantly. Use of crack (smoked cocaine) is a growing problem on the border, and injection is the primary route for using black tar heroin in this area. Each of these drugs is a risk factor, either from drug-influenced risky sexual behaviors or from sharing injection equipment. In addition, the availability of drugs on the border and patterns of risky behaviors among migrants mean that drug users on the border are at risk of HIV/AIDS, and this risk is expected to increase with the spreading methamphetamine epidemic and smoking of crack cocaine. Comparable data on HIV/AIDS are needed for further studies of the relationship of drug use and HIV/AIDS on the border.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, 1717 West 6th Street, Suite 335, Austin, TX 78703, USA. jcmaxwell@mail.utexas.edu
authors.forename: Jane Carlisle
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cravioto
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galván
authors.forename: Mario Cortés
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Lynn S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wallisch
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Spence
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine