title: Induced-fitting and electrostatic potential change of PcyA upon substrate binding demonstrated by the crystal structure of the substrate-free form.
abstract: Phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PcyA) catalyzes the sequential reduction of the vinyl group of the D-ring and the A-ring of biliverdin IXalpha (BV) using ferredoxin to produce phycocyanobilin, a pigment used for light-harvesting and light-sensing in red algae and cyanobacteria. We have determined the crystal structure of the substrate-free form of PcyA from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 at 2.5 A resolution. Structural comparison of the substrate-free form and the PcyA-BV complex shows major changes around the entrance of the BV binding pocket; upon BV binding, two alpha-helices and nearby side-chains move to produce tight BV binding. Unexpectedly, these movements localize the positive charges around the BV binding site, which may contribute to the proper binding of ferredoxin to PcyA. In the substrate-free form, the side-chain of Asp105 was located at a site that would be underneath the BV A-ring in the PcyA-BV complex and hydrogen-bonded with His88. We propose that BV is protonated by a mechanism involving conformational changes of these two residues before reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugishima
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001664:Biliverdine / Q000737:chemistry; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011522:Protons; D055672:Static Electricity; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D046939:Synechocystis / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011522:Protons; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C442236:phycocyanobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase, Synechocystis; D001664:Biliverdine