title: Long-term use of risperidone in children with disruptive behavior disorders and subaverage intelligence: efficacy, safety, and tolerability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy and tolerability of risperidone in the treatment of children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) and below-average intelligence (IQ < 84) over a cumulative period of 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We followed 48 patients (6-15 years of age), who had previously completed a 1- year open-label study of risperidone, for an additional year of treatment. Efficacy was assessed using the conduct problem subscale of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form (N-CBRF) as a primary outcome measure; other N-CBRF subscales, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) of severity were secondary efficacy measures. Safety and tolerability were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 48 patients enrolled in this extension study, 33 (69%) completed the trial. The efficacy benefits from the original study were maintained over the course of the extension study. Safety and tolerability were good overall, with the number of adverse events (AEs) decreasing in the extension trial, compared to the original trial. Six patients (13%) discontinued owing to AEs. Weight gain observed in the original trial stabilized during this extension trial. Cognitive testing demonstrated small, but significant, improvements in cognitive ability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risperidone is safe and effective in treating DBDs in children over a cumulative period of 2 years.
authors.affiliation: Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08530, USA. MHarde@prdus.jnj.com
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Croonenberghs
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Augustyns
authors.forename: Marielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eerdekens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018967:Risperidone