title: Circulating adipocytokines in non-diabetic and Type 1 diabetic children: relationship to insulin therapy, glycaemic control and pubertal development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus on circulating adipocytokines in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, resistin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were measured in 91 children, aged 11.1 +/- 2.7 years, with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Ninety-one healthy children were selected as control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index-adjusted leptin concentrations were higher in the pubertal diabetic children compared with the control children. There was a significant positive correlation between leptin and daily insulin dose in the diabetic group. Circulating adiponectin concentrations were higher in the prepubertal diabetic children and were positively associated with HbA(1c). Resistin concentrations were lower in the prepubertal non-diabetic subjects compared with the pubertal non-diabetic children, whose values were higher than those of the diabetic children. TNF-alpha concentrations were similar in non-diabetic and diabetic children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Circulating concentrations of adipocytokines are abnormal in Type 1 diabetic children, although the direction of change differs by cytokine. Pubertal development, in addition to insulin treatment and glycaemic control, also influences the concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical-Surgical Specialties and Public Health, Section of Paediatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santilli
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mencacci
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Berioli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Giorgi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falorni
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha