title: Central and peripheral arterial stiffness in patients after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot: implications for aortic root dilatation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypotheses that (1) the central conduit arteries stiffen preferentially over the peripheral conduit arteries in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (ToF); and (2) central arterial stiffening is related to aortic root dilatation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), femoral-ankle PWV, carotid augmentation index and body surface area-adjusted aortic sinotubular dimension were determined in 31 children after ToF repair and compared with those in 31 age-matched controls after left-to-right shunt repair. In addition, the PWVs and augmentation index were related to the sinotubular junction dimension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary paediatric cardiac centre.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, patients had significantly greater heart-femoral PWV (mean 666 (SD 151) v 587 (81) cm/s, p = 0.021) and carotid augmentation index (-14.1 (17.0)% v -25.2 (14.6)%, p = 0.016), whereas the right (888 (202) v 845 (207) cm/s, p = 0.42) and left (918 (227) v 851 (215) cm/s, p = 0.25) femoral-ankle PWVs were similar between the two groups. The sinotubular junction z score of patients was significantly greater than that of controls (4.7 (1.5) v 1.1 (1.4), p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that the sinotubular junction z score correlated positively with heart-femoral PWV (r = 0.43, p = 0.001) and carotid augmentation index (r = 0.46, p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression similarly identified heart-femoral PWV (beta = 0.30, p = 0.04) and carotid augmentation index (beta = 0.31, p = 0.04) (model R(2) = 0.26) as significant determinants of sinotubular junction z score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aorta stiffens in patients with repaired ToF, which may contribute to progressive dilatation of the aortic root in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Grantham Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. xfcheung@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003187:Compliance; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011674:Pulse; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology