title: Comparable increase of B-type natriuretic peptide and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with severe sepsis, septic shock, and acute heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP measurements are used for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure (HF). However, the diagnostic value of these tests is unknown under septic conditions. We compared patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and patients with acute HF to unravel the influence of the underlying diagnosis on BNP and N-terminal pro-BNP levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 249 consecutive patients were screened for the diagnosis of sepsis or HF. Sepsis was defined according to published guidelines. HF was diagnosed in the presence of an underlying heart disease and congestive HF, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  BNP and N-terminal pro-BNP were measured from blood samples that were drawn daily for routine analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 24 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock and 51 patients with acute HF. At admission, the median (range) BNP and N-terminal pro-BNP levels were 572 (13-1,300) and 6,526 (198-70,000) ng/L in patients with sepsis and 581 (6-1,300) and 4,300 (126-70,000) ng/L in patients with HF. The natriuretic peptide levels increased during the ICU stay, but the differences between the groups were not significant. Nine patients with sepsis and eight patients with HF were monitored with a pulmonary artery catheter. Mean (sd) pulmonary artery occlusion pressure were 16 (4.2) and 22 (5.3) mm Hg (p = .02), and cardiac indexes were 4.6 (2.8) and 2.2 (0.6) L/min/m (p = .03) in patients with sepsis and HF, respectively. Despite these clear hemodynamic differences BNP and N-terminal pro-BNP levels were not statistically different between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, BNP and N-terminal pro-BNP values are highly elevated and, despite significant hemodynamic differences, comparable with those found in acute HF patients. It remains to be determined how elevations of natriuretic peptide levels are linked to inflammation and sepsis-associated myocardial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudiger
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischler
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hornemann
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Eckardstein
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggiorini
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain