title: Cigarette smokers differ in their handling of natural (RRR) and synthetic (all rac) alpha-tocopherol: a biokinetic study in apoE4 male subjects.
abstract: We have compared the biokinetics of deuterated natural (RRR) and synthetic (all rac) alpha-tocopherol in male apoE4-carrying smokers and nonsmokers. In a randomized, crossover study subjects underwent two 4-week treatments (400 mg/day) with undeuterated RRR- and all rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate around a 12-week washout. Before and after each supplementation period subjects underwent a biokinetic protocol (48 h) with 150 mg deuterated RRR- or all rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. During the biokinetic protocols, the elimination of endogenous plasma alpha-tocopherol was significantly faster in smokers (P < 0.05). However, smokers had a lower uptake of deuterated RRR than nonsmokers, but there was no difference in uptake of deuterated all rac. The supplementation regimes significantly raised plasma alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.001) with no differences in response between smokers and nonsmokers or between alpha-tocopherol forms. Smokers had significantly lower excretion of alpha-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman than nonsmokers following supplementation (P < 0.05). Nonsmokers excreted more alpha-carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman following RRR than all rac; however, smokers did not differ in excretion between forms. At baseline, smokers had significantly lower ascorbate (P < 0.01) and higher F(2)-isoprostanes (P < 0.05). F(2)-isoprostanes in smokers remained unchanged during the study, but increased in nonsmokers following alpha-tocopherol supplementation. These data suggest that apoE4-carrying smokers and nonsmokers differ in their handling of natural and synthetic alpha-tocopherol.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Proteggente
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rota
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Majewicz
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rimbach
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Minihane
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lodge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002839:Chromans / Q000652:urine; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes / Q000097:blood; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006954:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type V / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D024505:Tocopherols; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002839:Chromans; D028441:F2-Isoprostanes; C483420:carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols