title: Acetazolamide acts directly on the human skeletal muscle chloride channel.
abstract: Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is used empirically in neuromuscular diseases with episodic ataxia, weakness, and myotonia, although not all of the mechanisms responsible for its therapeutic effects are understood. To elucidate whether acetazolamide acts directly on the human skeletal muscle voltage-gated chloride channel (ClC-1), which is associated with myotonia, we evaluated the effects of acetazolamide on ClC-1 expressed in cultured mammalian cells, using whole-cell recording. Acetazolamide significantly shifted the voltage dependency of the open probability (P(o)) toward negative potentials in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an increase of chloride conductance at voltages near the resting membrane potential. This effect was attenuated when using a pipette solution containing 30 mmol/L Hepes. These results suggest that acetazolamide can influence the voltage-dependent opening gate of ClC-1 through a mechanism related to intracellular acidification by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, and that the therapeutic effects of acetazolamide in neuromuscular diseases may be mediated by activation of ClC-1.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: Muneshige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaibara
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirabe
authors.forename: Kohtaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniyama
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eguchi
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002021:Buffers; D002460:Cell Line; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008801:Mexiletine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011522:Protons; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002021:Buffers; C086321:CLC-1 channel; D018118:Chloride Channels; D011522:Protons; D008801:Mexiletine; D010672:Phenytoin; D000086:Acetazolamide