title: Analysis in non-human primates reveals that the ancestral Band 3 gene encodes Dib and the Band 3-Memphis phenotype.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The anion exchanger, Band 3, carries antigens in the Diego blood group system, and can carry the Band 3-Memphis phenotype. Although Di(b) is of high prevalence and Band 3-Memphis is of low prevalence in humans, it has been suggested that both are on the ancestral gene. We determined the orthologue nucleotide sequences corresponding to these two polymorphic sites, Di(a)/Di(b) (2561T > C; Leu854Pro) and Band 3-Memphis(166A > G; Lys56Glu) in several nonhuman primates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of great apes, lesser apes, old world monkeys, new world monkeys and prosimians. PCR amplifications were done with primer pairs that were located in the flanking intronic regions of Exon 4 and Exon 19; and the amplified products were sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amino acid sequence alignment of nonhuman primates band 3 with that of human showed extensive homologies. In exon 4, Glu56Lys polymorphic site showed Glu similar to Band 3-Memphis type and in exon 19, Leu854Pro polymorphic site showed Pro indicating Di(b) phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nonhuman primates have nucleotide sequences of Di(b)(2561C) in cis to Band 3-Memphis (166G), which is consistent with the assertion that the Di(b) and Band 3-Memphis phenotype represents the ancestral Band 3 gene.
authors.affiliation: Immunohematology and Immunochemisry Laboratories, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Alissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schawalder
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hue-Roye
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.forename: Asok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: Marion E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / Q000235:genetics*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011323:Primates / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; C070316:band 3 protein Memphis; D004247:DNA