Update on primary HIV-1 resistance in Argentina: emergence of mutations conferring high-level resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in drug-naive patients.
Here we present a survey including 52 drug-naive recently HIV-1-infected subjects from Buenos Aires City and province (79%) and 3 other regions in Argentina (21%). Recent infections were established from previous negative serology (32/52), indeterminate Western blot (12/52), or acute retroviral syndrome after high-risk HIV exposure (8/52) within 9 months before genotyping (median time, 4.2 months). Genotyping was performed from plasma by sequencing both protease and reverse transcriptase. Phylogenetic analysis combined with bootscanning resulted in 21 subtype B sequences and 31 B/F recombinants (RecBF). On protease, minor resistance-related mutations were found in both subtype B and RecBF with low frequencies. The substitution L89M, recently suggested as a resistance-related mutation in some subtype F viruses, was observed in 1 RecBF. On reverse transcriptase, major resistance-related mutations were found in 4 of 52 (7.7%) patients from different health centers: M41L (subtype B) and K103N+/-P225H (1 RecBF and 2 subtype B). The greater than 5% resistance threshold found indicates a need for sentinel resistance surveillances calling for an update in the current resistance testing guidelines in Argentina.
Petroni
Alejandro
A
Fundación de Ayuda al Inmunodeficiente, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Deluchi
Gabriel
G
Pryluka
Daniel
D
Rotryng
Flavio
F
Bortolozzi
Raul
R
Lopardo
Gustavo
G
Bouzas
María Belén
MB
Zapiola
Inés
I
Garone
Daniela
D
Rodríguez
Claudia
C
Chiocconi
Eduardo
E
Lázaro
María Esther
ME
Murano
Fernando
F
Maranzana
Aldo
A
Oliva
Stella Maris
SM
Aparicio
Marta
M
Beltrán
Marcelo
M
Benetucci
Jorge A
JA
D001118:Argentina; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
D017931:DNA Primers; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors