title: Association of apolipoproteins C3 and E with metabolic changes in HIV-infected adults treated with a protease-inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between plasma levels of apolipoproteins C3 (APOC3) and E (APOE) and the presence of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities or clinical signs of lipodystrophy in HIV-1-infected patients started with a protease-inhibitor-containing antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Aproco (Antiproteases Cohort) Study enrolled 1,181 HIV-1-infected adults in 47 French healthcare centres from May 1997 to June 1998. From December 1998 through July 1999, the APROCO-Metabolic Complications (APROCO-MC) cross-sectional study was performed at the month 20 visit for those patients enrolled in 1997 and at the month 12 visit for those enrolled in 1998. The current analysis presents results from a subset of patients who had undergone additional tests to measure APOC3 and APOE in order to study their relationship with metabolic syndrome (n=157) and abnormal results in an oral glucose tolerance test (n=135).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increases in triglycerides and non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were associated with significantly higher levels of APOC3, in both Lp B (lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein B) and Lp non-B (lipoproteins free of apolipoprotein B), and a significant higher level of APOE Lp B. APOC3 and APOC3 Lp non-B were increased when glucose metabolism abnormalities were more severe. The presence of a metabolic syndrome was associated with increased plasma APOC3, APOC3 Lp B and APOC3 Lp non-B levels. In a multiple regression analysis, high levels of APOC3 in Lp B and APOC3 Lp non-B were associated with the presence of clinical signs of lipodystrophy, even after adjustment for triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipid and/or glucose metabolism abnormalities in treated HIV-1-infected patients are associated with increased levels of APOC3 and, to a lesser extent, APOE plasma concentrations. Increased values are also related to clinical signs of insulin resistance and lipodystrophy.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de pharmacie, Laboratoire de biochimie, Nantes, France. jean-marie.bard@univ-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bard
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lassalle
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Capeau
authors.forename: Kalyane
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bach-Ngohou
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nazih-Sanderson
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rémy
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reynes
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ecobichon
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savès
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raffi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D001056:Apolipoproteins C / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D001056:Apolipoproteins C; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008074:Lipoproteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014280:Triglycerides