title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of adjuvant therapy with exemestane, anastrozole, letrozole or tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with operable and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficiency of adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitors or with tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with operable breast cancer and positive estrogen receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost-utility analysis was performed based on a Markov model, from the Spanish National Health Care System perspective, comparing the treatment with exemestane (EXE: 25 mg/day) or tamoxifen (TAM: 20 mg/day) after 2-3 years of monotherapy with TAM; anastrozole (ANA, 1 mg/day) or TAM (20 mg/day) without previous TAM therapy; and letrozole (LET: 2.5 mg/day) or placebo after 5 years of monotherapy with TAM. The follow-up of a hypothetical cohort of women starting treatment at 63 years of age was simulated during 10 and 20 years. The probabilities of transition between health states and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) were obtained from the literature, and the unit costs (euro corresponding to 2004) from a Spanish database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 10 and 20 years of follow-up, more QALYs per patient would be gained with the EXE scheme (0.230-0.286 and 0.566-0.708, respectively) than with ANA (0.114 and 0.285) and LET (0.176 and 0.474). The cost of gaining one QALY was lower with the EXE scheme (50,801-62,522 euro and 28,849- 35,371 euro, respectively) than with ANA (104,272 euro and 62,477 euro) and LET (91,210 euro and 49,460 euro). The result was stable for the cost per life-year gained (LYG) and in the sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EXE scheme after TAM is more cost-effective than the ANA and LET schemes.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Unit-Unidad Funcional de Mama, Institut Catalá d'Oncología, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio-Terrés
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Castillo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canorea
mesh_terms: D000077384:Anastrozole; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000191:economics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D000077289:Letrozole; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery; D009570:Nitriles / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017698:Postmenopause; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014230:Triazoles / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009570:Nitriles; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014230:Triazoles; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000077384:Anastrozole; D000077289:Letrozole; C056516:exemestane