title: Effect of ozone on the formation and breakup of flocs in raw waters with high algae content.
abstract: The effect of ozone on the formation, breakup and re-formation of flocs generated using ferric sulphate has been investigated using conventional jar test procedure and by continuous optical monitoring using raw water. Using a range of different dosage of coagulant, the breakage of flocs was followed at a high stirring speed, corresponding to average shear rate (G) of about 518 s(-1). Most of the breakage occurred within a few seconds of increasing the shear rate. After breakage the stirring rate was reduced to the original value of 50 rpm (G approximately equals 23 s(-1)) to allow the flocs to re-grow. It was found that only limited re-growth of flocs occurred indicating irreversibility of the floc breakup process. For preozonated samples, the re-growth of flocs occurred to a much greater extent with lower residual turbidity. The findings show that the use of preozonation (1.25 and 1.50 mg/L) provides beneficial results to both improve turbidity removal and reduce coagulant requirement. Furthermore, better re-formation of flocs is achievable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey. yukselen@eng.marmara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Yukselen
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Halloran
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gregory
mesh_terms: D017377:Diatoms; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; C024823:ferric sulfate; D010126:Ozone