Transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation in postmenopausal women.
This study examined the efficacy of transdermal nicotine in postmenopausal smokers, and whether a history of depression or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) moderated smoking cessation outcomes. Postmenopausal smokers (N=152) received intensive smoking cessation counseling and were randomly assigned to use either a 21-mg nicotine patch for 3 months, with a 1-month taper, or a placebo patch. The primary outcome was biochemically validated 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence during treatment (i.e., 1, 2, 6, and 12 weeks after the quit date) and 1 year after study medication was discontinued. Subjects who received transdermal nicotine were significantly more likely than placebo-treated subjects to remain abstinent from smoking during treatment, but not at the 1-year follow-up. The majority of subjects (>50%) in both groups accurately identified their treatment assignment. History of depression was associated with a decreased likelihood to abstain from smoking throughout the study. HRT did not moderate smoking outcomes. These data indicate that transdermal nicotine may provide short-term benefits for smoking cessation in postmenopausal women. However, efforts are needed to improve long-term abstinence rates and smoking outcomes among women with a history of depression.
Oncken
Cheryl
C
Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3940, USA. oncken@nso2.uchc.edu
Cooney
Judith
J
Feinn
Richard
R
Lando
Harry
H
Kranzler
Henry R
HR
D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000139:chemically induced; D003376:Counseling; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D003875:Drug Eruptions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017698:Postmenopause; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors