title: Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to gain insights into the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induction by phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), which is a cancer chemopreventive constituent of cruciferous vegetables, using PC-3 human prostate cancer cells as a model. The PEITC-induced cell death in PC-3 cells was associated with disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, release of apoptogenic molecules (cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO) from mitochondria to the cytosol and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were blocked in the presence of a combined mimetic of superoxide dismutase and catalase (Euk134). Ectopic expression of Bcl-xL, whose protein level is reduced markedly on treatment of PC-3 cells with PEITC, conferred partial protection against PEITC-induced apoptosis only at higher drug concentrations (>10 microM). Administration of 12 micromol PEITC/day (Monday through Friday) by oral gavage significantly retarded growth of PC-3 xenografts in athymic mice. For instance, 31 days after the initiation of PEITC administration, the average tumor volume in control mice (721 +/- 153 mm3) was approximately 2-fold higher compared with mice receiving 12 micromol PEITC/day. The PEITC-mediated inhibition of PC-3 xenograft growth was associated with induction of Bax and Bid proteins. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the PEITC-induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells is mediated by ROS-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential and regulated by Bax and Bid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lew
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Stanley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Marynowski
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhir
authors.forename: Shivendra V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C058305:phenethyl isothiocyanate