title: The effect of different fluoridation methods on the red wine staining potential on intensively bleached enamel in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect in vitro of different fluoridation methods after intensive bleaching on the color of enamel slabs during a severe staining challenge with red wine.
  
  
  METHODS
  75 specimens were equally divided among five groups. Group 1 (no bleaching, no wine) served as control. Groups 2, 3 and 4 underwent bleaching with 35 % H2O2 for 10 minutes followed by home-bleaching for 8 hours/day with 10% carbamide peroxide on 14 consecutive days. Groups 2 and 3 were fluoridated for 1 hour with either Elmex gelée or Duraphat, respectively whereas Group 4 remained without fluoridation. Group 5 (no bleaching, no fluoride, wine) served as control for the influence of red wine on the color of untreated enamel. Color determination was accomplished using the CIE-Lab System.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine successive cycles of wine saliva treatment (10 minutes wine, 23 hours 50 minutes saliva) for Groups 2-5 revealed the highest changes of a-values (deltaa= 4.17) (towards red) for the Duraphat-treated group (bleaching, Duraphat, wine) with significantly higher deltaa-values compared with Group 4 (bleaching, no fluoride, wine) (deltaa= 2.97). After final cleaning no differences were found between the three bleached groups (Groups 2, 3 and 4) for deltaL, deltaa, deltab and deltaE, respectively. Exposure to red wine led to an increase in a-values (deltaa= 0.44) of the intrinsic tooth color in Group 5 (no bleaching, no fluoride, wine) that was significantly different from baseline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Charité University Medicine CVK, Berlin, Germany. m.ley@web.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ley
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Mozhgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizhang
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D003124:Colorimetry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects; D003959:Diamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D008963:Molar; D016877:Oxidants / Q000009:adverse effects; D010545:Peroxides / Q000009:adverse effects; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014508:Urea / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014920:Wine / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D003959:Diamines; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; C023807:sodium fluoride topical preparation; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; C495399:Olaflur; D014508:Urea; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005459:Fluorides