title: Members of the Hyposoter didymator Ichnovirus repeat element gene family are differentially expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The abundance and the conservation of the repeated element (rep) genes in Ichnoviruses genomes suggest that this gene family plays an important role in viral cycles. In the Ichnovirus associated with the wasp Hyposoter didymator, named HdIV, 10 rep genes were identified to date. In this work, we report a relative quantitative transcription study of these HdIV rep genes in several tissues of the lepidopteran host Spodoptera frugiperda as well as in the H. didymator wasps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data obtained in this work indicate that, in the early phases of infection (24 hours), HdIV rep genes each display different levels of transcripts in parasitized 2nd instar or HdIV-injected last instar S. frugiperda larvae. Only one, rep1, is significantly transcribed in female wasps. Transcript levels of the HdIV rep genes were found as not correlated to their copy number in HdIV genome. Our results also show that HdIV rep genes display different tissue specificity, and that they are primarily transcribed in S. frugiperda fat body and cuticular epithelium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work is the first quantitative analysis of transcription of the ichnovirus rep gene family, and the first investigation on a correlation between transcript levels and gene copy numbers in Ichnoviruses. Our data indicate that, despite similar gene copy numbers, not all the members of this gene family are significantly transcribed 24 hours after infection in lepidopteran larvae. Additionally, our data show that, as opposed to other described HdIV genes, rep genes are little transcribed in hemocytes, thus suggesting that they are not directly associated with the disruption of the immune response but rather involved in other physiological alterations of the infected lepidopteran larva.
authors.affiliation: UMR1231 INRA-UMII Biologie Intégrative et Virologie des Insectes (BIVI), Place Eugène Bataillon, Case Courrier 101, 34 095 Montpellier Cédex5, France. galibert@ensam.inra.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galibert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Devauchelle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cousserans
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rocher
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cérutti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barat-Houari
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Volkoff
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D005814:Genes, Viral; D007304:Insect Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D018071:Polydnaviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000821:virology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014863:Wasps / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins