title: A single serum test for measuring early pregnancy outcome with high predictive value.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current testing to determine a failing pregnancy requires two separate clinic visits to measure the hCG doubling rate. Diagnosing a failing pregnancy is often done in emergency departments where simplified and accelerated testing methods are needed. Here, we investigated hyperglycosylated hCG (hCG-H) for predicting pregnancy failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied two independent sets of patient samples collected in the early weeks of gestation. One set was urine samples, and the other was serum samples. In all cases, hCG and hCG-H were measured using automated chemiluminescence immunoassays. Concentrations of hCG and hCG-H were plotted on a scattergram, and levels in failing pregnancies were compared to those in continuing pregnancies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data indicated that a threshold level of hCG-H (13 microg/L) in both serum and urine samples defined the concentration below where pregnancies were likely to fail. This cut-off corresponded to 73% detection of failures at a 2.9% false positive rate using serum and 75% detection at a 15% false positive rate using urine. Using an hCG cut-off that corresponded to the same false positive rates, hCG detected only 42% of failures using serum and 43% of failures using urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that hCG-H provides a much more accurate single test than hCG for assessing pregnancy outcome. Compatible with the use of serum or urine samples, a single hCG-H test might provide simpler, faster, and more accurate results for predicting the progress of a pregnancy than standard hCG testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, NM 87131, USA. jaimeriley@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jaime M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sutton-Riley
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khanlian
authors.forename: Francis W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Byrn
authors.forename: Laurence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011259:Pregnancy Tests, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000097:blood; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin