title: Safety and tolerability of once versus twice daily atomoxetine in adults with ADHD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattention that affects 4% of adults. Atomoxetine hydrochloride is an FDA-approved treatment for adult ADHD, but no studies have clarified whether there are advantages to once versus twice daily dosing.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study compared safety and tolerability of 80 mg atomoxetine QD versus 40 mg atomoxetine BID in 218 adults with ADHD. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), laboratory values, vital signs, weight, electrocardiograms, scores on the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale, and efficacy (using the Conners' ADHD Rating Scale-Investigator Rated: Screening Version) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence for any one TEAE was low. There was no significant treatment group difference in likelihood of patients experiencing >/=1 of the four most commonly observed TEAEs (dry mouth, insomnia, nausea, and erectile dysfunction). Frequency of nausea was significantly lower in the 40 mg BID group (16.4%) than the 80 mg QD group (32.4%; p = .007). There were no unexpected safety results. Although both QD and BID treatments were efficacious, the reduction in scores was greater for BID treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data indicate both dosing strategies are safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in the treatment of adult ADHD. Changes in dosing strategy are unlikely to be accompanied by safety risks, implying that there is room for prescribers to use discretion and to base dosing strategies on individual factors.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lenard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Fred W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Reimherr
authors.forename: Leslie V M
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Virginia K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakken
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelsey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011437:Propylamines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride