title: Effect of nitric oxide on the hypoglycaemic phase of endotoxaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depletion of liver glycogen stores and subsequent hypoglycaemia is one of the unresolved features in endotoxaemia. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of L-arginine treatment on the glucose requirement and impending liver damage during the hypoglycaemic period of endotoxaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three of 98 male Wistar rats were assigned equally to one of three groups and received saline as control, L-arginine as selective nitric oxide donor or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester for non-selective inhibition of nitric oxide production 1 h before endotoxin injection. At 2, 4 and 6 h following endotoxin, blood and liver samples were collected. Plasma nitrite plus nitrate, glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations and total liver-reduced glutathione were measured. Hepatocellular glycogen content and liver damage were assessed simultaneously by histological quantification. An additional seven rats were allocated to each group and subjected to i.v. glucose tolerance test during the hypoglycaemic period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased levels of endogenousglutathione (P = 0.003) and excess nitric oxide (P = 0.002) apparently protected the liver from endotoxin-induced injury by preserving the optimum glucose consumption rate, insulin/glucagon ratio and liver glycogen in L-arginine-plus-endotoxin-treated group. Furthermore, expected hypoglycaemic period was not observed in these animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous L-arginine prevented the excessive liver glycogen release without inhibiting glucose consumption while decreasing hepatic injury during the expected hypoglycaemic phase of endotoxaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. atillaengin@ttnet.net.tr
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engin
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zemheri
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bukan
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Memiş
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester