title: Recovery of peroxides in saliva during home bleaching--influence of smoking.
abstract: The study aimed at determining hydrogen peroxide recovery in saliva during use of different home bleaching products by smokers and non-smokers. Peroxide recovery was evaluated with respect to the safe level reported in the literature. Determination of peroxide levels in saliva was performed with peroxidase, phenol and 4-aminoantipyrin in a photometric method. Four different bleaching regimens were used by 10 smokers and 10 non-smokers: Whitestrips, Vivastyle (tray-based) and two paint-on products (Crest Night Effects, Colgate Simply White). Whole saliva was collected and total amount of peroxide (mg) released during the 60 min bleaching period was determined: Colgate Simply White: 2.67 +/-0.88 (non-smokers); 2.66 +/- 1.17 (smokers); Crest Night Effects: 0.23 +/- 0.13 (non-smokers); 0.25 +/-0.16 (smokers); Vivastyle: 2.47 +/- 0.82 (non-smokers), 2.44 +/- 1.31 (smokers); Whitestrips: 1.39 +/- 0.62 (non-smokers), 2.02 +/- 1.86 (smokers). In terms of amount of peroxide kg(-1) body weight the bleaching systems led to a single exposure of 0.004-0.046 mg kg(-1), which is distinctly less than safe daily dose of 0.26 mg kg(-1) day(-1), if calculated for a small person (58 kg). The criterion smoker versus non-smokers had no influence on peroxide levels in the oral cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking did not appear to impact the anti-oxidant defence capacity of the oral cavity with respect to degrading peroxides released from bleaching products. Significantly lower amounts of peroxides were detected in saliva during application of the paint-on product Crest Nights Effects compared with the other bleaching systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. christian.hannig@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Willenbücher
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahony
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
mesh_terms: D002254:Carbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; C485070:Colgate Simply White Night; C479358:Crest Night Effects; D010545:Peroxides; C500417:Vivastyle; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide