title: Clinical and HLA phenotypes of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in North American patients outside DR3 and DR4.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical phenotype and outcome of patients with definite type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, who lack human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR3 and DR4, and to assess the importance of HLA DR7 and DR13.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and seven adult patients were typed for DR3, DR4, DR7, and DR13 by DNA-based techniques. One hundred and two blood donors constituted a normal population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients lacked DR3 and DR4 (13%). Treatment failure occurred more commonly in these individuals than in the 68 patients with DR4 (20% vs. 3%, P = 0.03), and relapse after drug withdrawal was less frequent than in the 84 patients with DR3 (55% vs. 87%, P = 0.03). HLA DR13 occurred more often than in those with DR3 (54% vs. 15%, P = 0.0002) or DR4 (54% vs. 12%, P = 0.00005), and it was more frequent than in normal adults (54% vs. 22%, P = 0.003), including those without DR3 or DR4 (54% vs. 27%, P = 0.03). HLA DR7 was not associated with susceptibility or outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  White North American patients who lack DR3 and DR4 respond differently to corticosteroid treatment than patients with classical HLA phenotypes. HLA DR13 is common in these adult patients, and it may affect treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. czaja.albert@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Czaja
authors.forename: Herschel A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: S Breanndan
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D015809:HLA-DR7 Antigen; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D006680:HLA Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D015809:HLA-DR7 Antigen; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C492962:HLA-DRB1*13:01 antigen