title: Emerging endoluminal therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease: adverse events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoluminal therapies are emerging as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Many of these endoluminal therapies are touted as short outpatient procedures with minimal complications. It is thought that these complications are uncommon and minor. This investigation sought to summarize the adverse events of these endoluminal therapies for the treatment of GERD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Center for Devices and Radiological Health Web site was searched to examine all voluntary adverse events reported on emerging endoluminal therapies. The adverse events can be divided into 3 categories: (1) radiofrequency ablation based, (2) injection based, and (3) suture based.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 50 adverse events reported on 4 specific therapies. Half of the complications were found to result from injection-based therapy and 44% of the complications were found to result from radiofrequency ablation-based therapy. There were 8 deaths reported (5 in the injection-based group and 3 in the radiofrequency ablation-based group). Sixty-four percent of the adverse events resulted in hospitalizations and 10% of these patients required surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians must be aware that no endoluminal therapy is truly noninvasive. Complications and even deaths are associated with these treatments for GERD. Patients must be informed of all the potential risks and complications of these new technologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 956 Court Ave., Room G210, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. amadan@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Atul K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ternovits
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Tichansky
mesh_terms: D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D017211:Treatment Failure