title: Single-gene mutations and increased left ventricular wall thickness in the community: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutations in sarcomere protein, PRKAG2, LAMP2, alpha-galactosidase A (GLA), and several mitochondrial genes can cause rare familial cardiomyopathies, but their contribution to increased left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT) in the community is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 1862 unrelated participants (52% women; age, 59+/-9 years) from the community-based Framingham Heart Study who had echocardiograms and provided DNA samples but did not have severe hypertension, aortic prosthesis, or significant aortic stenosis. Eight sarcomere protein genes, 3 storage cardiomyopathy-causing genes, and 27 mitochondrial genes were sequenced in unrelated individuals with increased LVWT (maximum LVWT >13 mm). Fifty eligible participants (9 women) had unexplained increased LVWT. We detected 8 mutations in 9 individuals (2 women); 7 mutations in 5 sarcomere protein genes (MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3, MYL3), and 1 GLA mutation. In individuals with increased LVWT, participants with sarcomere protein and storage mutations were clinically indistinguishable from those without mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a community-based cohort, about 3% of eligible participants had increased LVWT, of whom 18% had sarcomere protein or lipid storage gene mutations. Increased LVWT in the community is a very heterogeneous condition, which sometimes may arise from single-gene variants in one of a number of genes.
authors.affiliation: The Program in Genomics Applications: CardioGenomics Group--Department of Genetics, NRB Room 256, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Ramachandran S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vasan
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Joel N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Hirschhorn
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Emelia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008052:Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017240:Mitochondrial Myopathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000737:chemistry; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D004247:DNA; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase