title: Long-lasting neural and behavioral effects of iron deficiency in infancy.
abstract: Infants are at high risk for iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia. This review summarizes evidence of long-term effects of iron deficiency in infancy. Follow-up studies from preschool age to adolescence report poorer cognitive, motor, and social-emotional function, as well as persisting neurophysiologic differences. Research in animal models points to mechanisms for such long-lasting effects. Potential mechanisms relate to effects of iron deficiency during brain development on neurometabolism, myelination, and neurotransmitter function.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Growth and Development and the Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA. blozoff@umich.edu
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lozoff
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Felt
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbara
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Georgieff
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schallert
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D048788:Growth and Development; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents