title: Video-assisted sacral nerve stimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sacral nerve simulation (SNS) is an accepted therapy for patients with urinary or bowel dysfunction. However, infection rates are as high as 20% and can result in removal of the expensive device. We present a new video-assisted technique minimizing the risk of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April and July 2005, six consecutive women of median age 68 years (range, 60-74), with faecal incontinence (4 patients) and idiopathic constipation (2 patients) underwent video-assisted electrode implantation for SNS. The motor response of the pelvic floor during percutaneous nerve evaluation and implantation of the permanent lead was monitored by a video optic (same as that normally used for laparoscopic or endoscopic procedures) placed between the legs of the patients. The video optic and the perianal area were completely covered with drapes, separating them from the operating field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but one screening was successful, and no wound infections at the electrode or at the pocket of the stimulator were noted (mean postoperative follow-up, 8 weeks).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the use of a video optic, the anus and the implantation site can be completely separated and contamination during the operation becomes unlikely. Furthermore, the response of the pelvic floor to the stimulation is better visualized. We routinely recommend the use of video equipment for SNS electrode implantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. franc.hetzer@usz.ch
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Hetzer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hahnloser
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Clavien
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Demartines
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003248:Constipation / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008875:Middle Aged; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery