title: Solid-phase extraction on alkyl-bonded silica gels in inorganic analysis.
abstract: Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an effective tool for the preconcentration of trace elements and their separation from various sample constituents. Octadecyl and other alkyl-bonded silica gels are most widely used for these purposes. The fundamentals of the SPE of inorganic ions are reviewed and compared with those of related techniques (liquid-liquid extraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography). The extraction of ions in the form of chelate compounds, inorganic salts solvated by neutral reagents, and ion-pair compounds is considered. Numerous applications of SPE to the separation and preconcentration of different elements and their species, including on-line combinations with instrumental determination techniques, are described and tabulated.
authors.affiliation: Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Boris Ya
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Spivakov
authors.forename: Galina I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Malofeeva
authors.forename: Oleg M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Petrukhin