title: Surgical care, morbidity, mortality and follow-up after nephrectomy for renal cancer with extension of tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava: retrospective study since 1990s.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our survey was to evaluate surgical care, morbidity, mortality and follow-up of patients who had undergone surgical exeresis of a renal cancer with extension of tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 1991 and March 2003, 40 (5.4%) patients were operated on for an enlarged nephrectomy with thrombectomy. The upper limit of the tumor thrombus was below the sus-hepatic veins in 21 (52.5%) patients and above the sus-hepatic veins in 19 (47.5%) patients with six (15%) located in the right atrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used for 12 patients (30%). A per-operative embolism was noted for three (7.5%) patients: two cases of cruoric embolism and one case of gaseous embolism, systematically occurring in patients operated on without CPB. Early mortality was 7.5% (three patients) attributable to hemorrhagic complications. Overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 45.2% and 38.7%, respectively. Disease-free survival at 2 and 5 years was 28.3% and 8.9% respectively. Only the pN stage had a statistically significant prognosis value for overall survival but not for disease-free survival. At the end of the study, only one (2.5%) patient could be considered free of the disease with sufficient follow-up after the surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with renal cancer and tumor extension in the inferior vena cava need multidisciplinary cooperation to adapt a good surgical strategy, particularly with the use of CPB. However, the rate of patients free of disease after such surgery was low.
authors.affiliation: Clinique Urologique, Hôtel Dieu, CHU Nantes, France. jrigaud@chu-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rigaud
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hetet
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Braud
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Battisti
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Normand
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glemain
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bouchot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology*