title: Health economic implications of irbesartan plus conventional antihypertensive medications versus conventional blood pressure control alone in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease in Switzerland.
abstract: The aim of this health economic modelling study was to investigate the effect of irbesartan combined with conventional antihypertensive medications compared to conventional antihypertensive therapy alone on the progression of nephropathy in patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria in a Swiss setting.
  
  
  
  In simulated patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes, treatment of microalbuminuria with irbesartan 300 mg daily plus conventional antihypertensive medications was compared to a control regimen (conventional medications excluding angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, other angiotensin-2-receptor antagonist and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers). Progression from microalbuminuria to nephropathy, doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, and all-cause mortality was simulated over a 25-year time horizon using a published Markov model adapted to a Swiss setting. Transition probabilities were based on the Irbesartan in Reduction of Microalbuminuria-2 Study, Irbesartan in Diabetic Nephropathy Trial and other sources. Costs and clinical outcomes were discounted at 5% annually according to Swiss guidelines, and a third party payer perspective was taken.
  
  
  
  Treatment with irbesartan was projected to improve mean life expectancy by 0.57 years compared to conventional antihypertension treatment (undiscounted 1.22 years). Irbesartan treatment was associated with cost savings of CHF 21,488 per patient over the 25-year time horizon. Sensitivity analysis showed that irbesartan therapy remained dominant to conventional antihypertension treatment over a range of plausible assumptions.
  
  
  
  Addition of irbesartan to conventional antihypertension therapy was projected to improve life expectancy and reduce costs in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria in a Swiss setting.
authors.affiliation: Center for Outcomes Research (CORE), Binningen/Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roze
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burnier
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Giatgen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Spinas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brändle
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017046:Cost Savings; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D000077405:Irbesartan; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008390:Markov Chains; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013557:Switzerland; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; D003404:Creatinine; D000077405:Irbesartan