title: Serum ionized magnesium levels in relation to metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate circulating serum ionized magnesium (i-Mg) concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate its relationship with the components of the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients' service for diabetic patients at the University Hospital of Messina, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  290 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum i-Mg was measured by ion selective electrode. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) were considered in the analyses. Patients with hypomagnesemia, defined as serum i-Mg <0.46 mmol/l, were compared with those having normal serum i-Mg levels, and variables proven to be associated with low i-Mg levels in the univariate analysis were entered in a multivariable logistic regression model to obtain a deconfounded estimate of the association between metabolic parameters and hypomagnesemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, serum i-Mg levels were significantly reduced in patients with low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides values, high waist circumference, high blood pressure, microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria. Hypomagnesemia was highly prevalent in our study population (N = 143, 49.3%). After adjusting for potential confounders, plasma triglycerides (OR = 4.71; 95% CI = 2.56-8.67), waist circumference (OR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.21-4.04), microalbuminuria (OR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.16-5.08) and clinical proteinuria (OR = 2.04; 95% CI = 1.02-5.68) were independently associated with hypomagnesemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypomagnesemia is highly prevalent in diabetic outpatients. High plasma triglycerides, waist circumference and albuminuria are independent correlates of hypomagnesemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corica
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corsonello
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ientile
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cucinotta
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Benedetto
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perticone
authors.forename: Ligia J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbagallo
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D008274:Magnesium