title: Fractalkine in rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions.
abstract: Leukocyte adhesion and trafficking at the endothelium requires both adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors. Fractalkine (CX3C) is a unique chemokine, and is expressed on tumor necrosis factor-alpha- and interleukin-1-activated endothelial cells (ECs). Fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1, is expressed on NK cells, monocytes, and some portion of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells. Interactions between fractalkine and CX3CR1 can mediate not only chemotaxis, but also cell adhesion in the absence of substrates for other adhesion molecules. Furthermore, fractalkine activates NK cells, leading to increased cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma production. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that fractalkine is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and allied conditions. This review examines new concepts underlying fractalkine-mediated leukocyte migration and tissue damage, focusing primarily on the pathophysiological roles of fractalkine in rheumatic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada-machi, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan. umehara@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Toshioki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawaki
authors.forename: Zhe-Xiong
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Cheng-Ri
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawanami
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Toshirou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D018925:Chemokines; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine