title: Environmental and host-associated risk factors in endometriosis and deep endometriotic nodules: a matched case-control study.
abstract: Peritoneal endometriosis (PE) and deep endometriotic nodules (DEN) are gynecological diseases recently shown to be associated with elevated serum concentrations of organochlorines. The objective of the present study was to compare risk factors associated with both forms of the disease, with a particular attention to potential sources of organochlorine exposure. This matched case-control study with prospective recruitment included 88 triads (PE-DEN-control). All women were face-to-face interviewed with a standardized questionnaire, and serum dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl measurements were available for 58 of them. Alcohol consumption (odds ratio (OR): 5.82 [confidence interval at 95% (95%CI) 1.20-28.3]) in DEN and low physical activity at work for DEN (OR: 4.58 [95%CI 1.80-11.62]) and PE (OR: 5.61 [95%CI 1.90-16.60]) were traced as significant risk factors. Organochlorine-related factors (use of tampons, occupational or environmental exposure) were not related to the disease. The current consumption of foodstuffs that were more likely to contribute to organochlorine body burden did not differ among the groups. Only some of these fatty foodstuffs (marine fish, pig meat) were traced by multiple regression analysis as significant determinants of organochlorine body burden, explaining only a small fraction (20%) of the interindividual variation of organochlorine body burden. We conclude that PE and DEN share similar patterns of risk or protective factors.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Toxicology and Occupational Medicine Unit, Université catholique de Louvain, 30.54 Clos Chapelle aux Champs B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Jean-Francois.Heilier@toxi.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Heilier
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donnez
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nackers
authors.forename: Réjane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.forename: Violaine
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verougstraete
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Donnez
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grandjean
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lison
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tonglet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D009043:Motor Activity; D010298:Parity; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls