title: Freeze-drying of Lactobacillus coryniformis Si3--effects of sucrose concentration, cell density, and freezing rate on cell survival and thermophysical properties.
abstract: Freeze-drying is commonly used to stabilize lactic acid bacteria. Many factors have been reported to influence freeze-drying survival, including bacterial species, cell density, lyoprotectant, freezing rate, and other process parameters. Lactobacillus coryniformis Si3 has broad antifungal activity and a potential use as a food and feed biopreservative. This strain is considered more stress sensitive, with a low freeze-drying survival, compared to other commercialized antifungal lactic acid bacterial strains. We used a response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of varying sucrose concentration, cell density and freezing rate on Lb. coryniformis Si3 freeze-drying survival. The water activity of the dry product, as well as selected thermophysical properties of importance for freeze-drying; degree of water crystallization and the glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze concentrated amorphous phase (Tg') were determined. The survival of Lb. coryniformis Si3 varied from less than 6% to over 70% between the different conditions. All the factors studied influenced freeze-drying survival and the most important factor for survival is the freezing rate, with an optimum at 2.8 degrees C/min. We found a co-dependency between freezing rate and formulation ingredients, indicating a complex system and the need to use statistical tools to detect important interactions. The degree of water crystallization decreased and the final water activity increased as a function of sucrose concentration. The degree of water crystallization and Tg' was not affected by the addition of 10(8)-10(10) CFU/ml. At 10(11) CFU/ml, these thermophysical values decreased possibly due to increased amounts of cell-associated unfrozen water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Asa.Schoug@mikrob.slu.se
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schoug
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlfors
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schnürer
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Håkansson
mesh_terms: D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000379:methods*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013395:Sucrose