title: The angiotensin-I converting enzyme I/D polymorphism is not associated with type 2 diabetes in individuals undergoing coronary angiography. (The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study).
abstract: The deletion (D) allele of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is associated with higher ACE activity and has been implicated only recently in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Caucasian subjects. We have studied the ACE I/D polymorphism in 1054 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 2251 individuals without type 2 diabetes in Caucasians persons undergoing coronary angiography. Further parameters of glucose metabolism (fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide, pro-insulin, and pancreatic beta-cell function) were analyzed according to the ACE I/D genotype in a subgroup of 2000 individuals in whom an oral glucose challenge was performed. The genotypes ACE II, ID, DD occurred at similar frequencies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (21.0, 50.8, and 28.3%, respectively) compared to non-diabetic individuals (23.3, 49.2, and 27.5%, respectively). There was no association of the ACE D allele with all type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 1.16, 95%CI, 0.94-1.43), nor with known (OR 1.28, 95% CI, 0.99-1.68) or newly diagnosed diabetes (OR 1.00, 95% CI, 0.75-1.32). These findings were not materially altered when we adjusted for age and gender, cardiovascular risk factors and anti-diabetic or cardiovascular medication. Further the ACE D-allele was not associated with angiographic coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction. The ACE I/D genotype is not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucose metabolism, coronary heart disease, or myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Tanja B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Grammer
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Karger
authors.forename: Bernhard O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: Bernhard R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Winkelmann
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maerz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A