title: Tumor growth suppression in pancreatic cancer by a putative metastasis suppressor gene Cap43/NDRG1/Drg-1 through modulation of angiogenesis.
abstract: Cap43 has been identified as a nickel- and calcium-induced gene, and is also known as N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), Drg-1 and rit42. It is also reported that overexpression of Cap43 suppresses metastasis of some malignancies, but its precise role remains unclear. In this study, we asked how Cap43 could modulate the tumor growth of pancreatic cancer. Stable Cap43 cDNA transfectants of pancreatic cancer cells with Cap43 overexpression showed similar growth rates in culture as their control counterparts with low Cap43 protein level. By contrast, Cap43 overexpression showed a marked decrease in tumor growth rates in vivo. Moreover, a marked reduction in tumor-induced angiogenesis was observed. Gelatinolytic activity by matrix metalloproteinase-9 and invasive ability in Matrigel invasion activity were markedly decreased in pancreatic cancer cell lines with high Cap43 expression. Cellular expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and two major angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8, were also significantly decreased in cell lines with Cap43 overexpression as compared with their parental counterparts. Immunohistochemical analysis of specimens from 65 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma showed a significant association between Cap43 expression and tumor microvascular density (P = 0.0001) as well as depth of invasion (P = 0.0003), histopathologic grading (P = 0.0244), and overall survival rates for patients with pancreatic cancer (P = 0.0062). Thus, Cap43 could play a key role in the angiogenic on- or off-switch of tumor stroma in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Basaki
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kage
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: Hisafumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D011506:Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099259:N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1 Protein