title: Individuals with schizophrenia present hypo- and hyperactivation during implicit cueing in an inhibitory task.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The primary purpose of this investigation was to assess the neural correlates of implicit cueing during an inhibitory task in schizophrenia when performance accuracy was matched with healthy comparison subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared 17 individuals with chronic schizophrenia (SZ; medicated, 13.9 average years of illness) and 17 healthy comparison subjects (HC) matched for hit and false alarm rates, age, and education on a visual Go/Nogo task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this task, one of the go stimuli also served implicitly as a cue predictive of a subsequent inhibitory (Nogo) trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that even when matched for overall performance accuracy, individuals with SZ exhibit difficulties with inhibition and cue processing that may relate to core deficits in cognitive control and stimulus processing. In particular, these findings point towards an important role of the parietal cortex for cued inhibitory processes in healthy populations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Dynamics and Theoretical Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093-0985, USA. esarce@uscd.edu
authors.forename: Estibaliz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Leland
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Alan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Kelly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Winternheimer
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paulus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012858:Size Perception / Q000502:physiology*