Family and peer interventions for adults: past approaches and future directions.
Through the use of published literature and empirical research, the authors explore the differing conceptual frameworks, techniques, and effectiveness of various family interventions for change-resistant, substance-abusing adults. The 2 dominant programs in place to help families and friends deal with the addiction of an adult loved one are the Johnson Intervention and Al-Anon. Research on these 2 programs is presented, followed by an outline of promising alternative approaches. These include A Relational Intervention Sequence for Engagement, Community Reinforcement Training, Community Reinforcement and Family Training, Unilateral Family Therapy, and Pressures to Change. The effectiveness and appropriateness of these approaches in different situations are discussed. In addition, areas in need of further study are pointed out.
Fernandez
Anne C
AC
Addictive Behaviors Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-1525, USA.
Begley
Ellen A
EA
Marlatt
G Alan
GA
D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling; D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000379:methods*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005196:Family Therapy; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D033062:Friends; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D014481:United States