title: A Community-based study of risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women and their male partners in Moshi urban district, northern Tanzania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine predictors of Trichomonas vaginalis among women and their partners in Moshi, Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (N = 1440) and their partners (N = 588) were interviewed and specimens for detection of T. vaginalis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of T. vaginalis was 10.7% in women and 6.3% in men. Having a partner with T. vaginalis was the strongest risk factor in women (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 19.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.84-48.25) and men (adjusted OR, 19.01; 95% CI, 6.8-52.40). Risk of T. vaginalis infection was increased in subjects with less education. Other risk factors in women were daily alcohol consumption, being separated, reporting infertility problems, having a partner who had children with other women, and other STIs; and in men, the risk factor was having no income. T. vaginalis was not associated with HIV-1 in women and men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevention of T. vaginalis and other STIs among couples is a major priority. Reduction of alcohol consumption in women is an important intervention.
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Population and International Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Elissa V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: Saidi H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kapiga
authors.forename: Noel E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sam
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aboud
authors.forename: Cheng-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000818:Animals; D003153:Community Health Services; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan