title: Cryopreservation of biopsied embryos at the blastocyst stage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The availability of an efficient cryopreservation program is especially important in the case of embryos that have undergone blastomere biopsy for PGD. Unfortunately, the freezing/thawing of biopsied embryos has given disappointing results when performed at the cleavage stage. In this study, embryos diagnosed as normal after PGD were grown to the blastocyst stage, frozen and thawed for successive frozen embryo transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 34 patients performed a thawing cycle in which 47 blastocysts were thawed. The cryopreservation solutions were based on HEPES-buffered medium supplemented with human serum albumin (HSA), sucrose and 1,2-propanediol. The same protocol was applied to embryos from 88 IVF/ICSI patients, which underwent 92 thawing cycles with 150 thawed blastocysts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survival rate was similar in the two groups (53% after PGD and 58% in IVF/ICSI cycles), as well as the cumulative pregnancy rate per patient (59% after PGD versus 47% in IVF/ICSI cycles), despite a higher maternal age and a lower proportion of embryos available for transfer or cryopreservation in the PGD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither the survival rate nor the subsequent development and chances of implantation, differed between embryos frozen at the blastocyst stage following biopsy and those frozen intact.
authors.affiliation: S.I.S.ME.R, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Magli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gianaroli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grieco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cefalù
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruvolo
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ferraretti
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology*; D002470:Cell Survival; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic