title: Clinical use of non-A botulinum toxins: botulinum toxin type C and botulinum toxin type F.
abstract: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) serotype A is commonly used in the treatment of focal dystonia, but some patients are primarily or become secondarily resistant to it. Consequently, other serotypes have to be used when immuno-resistance is proven. In the literature, patients with focal dystonia have been treated with BoNT serotype F with clinical benefit but with short lasting effects. Recently, BoNT serotype C has been used with positive clinical outcome. An update on the clinical use of BoNT serotype F and BoNT serotype C is provided.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neuroscience Department, Neurology Section, Umberto I Hospital, Venice, Italy. roberto.eleopra@ulss12.ve.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eleopra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tugnoli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quatrale
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rossetto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Montecucco
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dressler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000188:drug therapy; D014103:Torticollis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins; C096324:botulinum toxin type C; C096321:botulinum toxin type F