Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: perspectives for synthetic application.
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are versatile biocatalysts that introduce oxygen into a vast range of molecules. These enzymes catalyze diverse reactions in a regio- and stereoselective manner, and their properties have been used for drug development, bioremediation and the synthesis of fine chemicals and other useful compounds. However, the potential of P450 monooxygenases has not been fully exploited; there are some drawbacks limiting the broader implementation of these catalysts for commercial needs. Protein engineering has produced P450 enzymes with widely altered substrate specificities, substantially increased activity and higher stability. Furthermore, electrochemical and enzymatic approaches for the replacement or regeneration of NAD(P)H have been developed, enabling the more cost-effective use of P450 enzymes. In this review, we focus on the aspects relevant to the synthetic applications of P450 enzymes and their optimization for commercial needs.
Urlacher
Vlada B
VB
Institute of Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. itbvur@itb.uni-stuttgart.de
Eiben
Sabine
S
D002384:Catalysis; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D009249:NADP / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D015202:Protein Engineering; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D003067:Coenzymes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D009249:NADP; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System