An evaluation of the response modulation hypothesis in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Several hypotheses related to Newman's (e.g., Patterson & Newman, 1993) response modulation hypothesis were examined among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n=18) and normal controls (n=23). Consistent with predictions, youth with ADHD committed more passive avoidance errors (PAEs) than controls during the latter trials of a computerized go/no go task with mixed incentives, and this effect remained significant or marginally significant even after common variance associated with variables that covary with ADHD (i.e., IQ, oppositional-defiant/conduct disorder [ODD/CD] symptoms, anxious/depressed mood) was removed. While a moderate inverse association was observed between PAE frequency and the amount of time spent viewing response feedback following punishment, both categorical (diagnostic) and dimensional analyses of ADHD symptomatology indicated that ADHD and reflection on punishment feedback are uniquely associated with PAE commission. Findings from this study are discussed in relation to models of disinhibition applicable to youth with ADHD.
Farmer
Richard F
RF
Oregon Research Institute, 1715 Franklin Blvd., Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA. rfarmer@ori.org
Rucklidge
Julia J
JJ
D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D003710:Demography; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011678:Punishment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome