title: Towards a comprehensive treatment of repetitions, periodicity and temporal constraints in clinical guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this paper, we define a principled approach to represent temporal constraints in clinical guidelines and to reason (i.e., perform inferences in the form of constraint propagation) on them. We consider different types of constraints, including composite and repeated actions, and propose different types of temporal functionalities (e.g., temporal consistency checking).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Constraints about actions, durations, delays and periodic repetitions of actions are an intrinsic part of most clinical guidelines. Although several approaches provide expressive temporal formalisms, only few of them deal with the related temporal reasoning issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first propose a temporal representation formalism and two temporal reasoning algorithms. Then, we consider the trade-off between the expressiveness of the formalism and the computational complexity of the algorithms, in order to devise a correct, complete and tractable approach. Finally, we show how the algorithms can be exploited to provide clinical guideline systems with different types of temporal facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our approach offers several advantages. During the guideline acquisition phase, it enables to represent temporal constraints, and to check their consistency. In the execution phase, it checks the consistency between the execution times of the actions and the constraints in the guidelines, and provides query answering and simulation facilities.
authors.affiliation: DI, Università di Torino, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149 Torino, Italy. anselma@di.unito.it
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Anselma
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Terenziani
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montani
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottrighi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D013997:Time Factors