title: Alcohol consumption, smoking and breastfeeding in the first six months after delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study alcohol use and smoking after delivery, and to relate this to breastfeeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal questionnaire study, representative of pregnant women in Oslo. Ninety-two per cent agreed to join the study. Non-Norwegian speaking and/or immigrants from non-western countries were not invited. Questionnaires were answered at 17 (T1) and 30 (T2) wk of pregnancy, and 6 mo after term (T3). They were completed by 93% (1749 women) at T1, 82% at T2, and 92% at T3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six months after delivery, 80% reported alcohol use. The mean alcohol consumption per week was less than half compared to the last 6 mo before pregnancy. The women with the highest pre-pregnancy use reduced the most. Binge drinking (> or = 5 drinks) was also reported by half as many women (29%). However, 6% reported 12 or more drinks per occasion at least once. No demographic or mental health variables predicted binge drinking after pregnancy. Smoking 6 mo after pregnancy was reported by 18%, a reduction of 50% from before pregnancy. Women breastfeeding for at least 6 mo had higher education, less frequently reported binge drinking after delivery and less frequently suffered postnatal depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this population-based sample were 86% breastfed for at least 6 mo, the level of binge drinking is concerning.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Ullevål University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. astrid.alvik@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvik
authors.forename: Tor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haldorsen
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lindemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires