title: The immunostimulatory effects of sodium alginate and iota-carrageenan on orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coicoides and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus.
abstract: The lysozyme activity, alternative complement activity (ACH50), respiratory burst, SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity and phagocytic activity of orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coicoides were examined when the fish were injected intraperitoneally with sodium alginate at 10, 20, 30mgkg-1 and iota-carrageenan at 10, 20, 30mgkg-1, respectively after 24, 72 and 120 h. Serum ACH50 increased directly with dose after 24 and 72 h for both sodium alginate and iota-carrageenan treatments. The fish that received sodium alginate at 20mgkg-1 after 24 and 72 h, and the fish that received iota-carrageenan after 72 and 120 h showed significantly increased respiratory burst, SOD activity and phagocytic activity, respectively. In another experiment, E. coicoides which had been injected individually with sodium alginate and iota-carrageenan at 10, 20, 30mgkg-1, were challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus at 1.8x10(9) colony-forming units (cfu)fish-1 and then placed in seawater of 33 per thousand. The survival of fish that received sodium alginate at 20mgkg-1, and the fish that received iota-carrageenan at 30mgkg-1 was significantly higher than that of fish which received saline and the control fish after 48 h as well as at the termination of the experiment (120 h after the challenge). It is therefore concluded that E. coicoides which received sodium alginate at 20mgkg-1 or iota-carrageenan at 30mgkg-1 increased the non-specific immune response and resistance from V. alginolyticus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Penghu University, Makong, Penghu 880, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ann-Chang
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chien-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Yu-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fan-Hua
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Jiann-Chu
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003170:Complement Pathway, Alternative / Q000187:drug effects; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D010473:Perciformes / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D044149:Vibrio alginolyticus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002351:Carrageenan; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009113:Muramidase