title: Applying nonsense-mediated mRNA decay research to the clinic: progress and challenges.
abstract: Premature termination codons (PTCs) are equivalent to nonsense sequences. They encode no amino acid, and their presence precludes the synthesis of full-length proteins. Furthermore, the resulting truncated proteins, if synthesized and stable, are likely to be non-functional or might even be deleterious to cellular metabolism. Approximately one third of genetic and acquired diseases are due to PTCs. In fact, PTCs are apt to cause at least some cases of all diseases that involve protein insufficiency. Cells have evolved a way to eliminate mRNAs that contain PTCs using a mechanism called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Here, we will review how to determine which PTCs elicit NMD, what is currently known about the mechanism of NMD, and additional information that is pertinent to establishing therapies for PTC-associated diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 712, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kuzmiak
authors.forename: Lynne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Maquat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D018389:Codon, Nonsense / Q000235:genetics*; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D030342:Genetic Diseases, Inborn / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012326:RNA Splicing; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012343:RNA, Transfer
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012343:RNA, Transfer