title: Ictal eye closure is a reliable indicator for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.
abstract: Using data from video-EEG monitoring, the authors studied whether ictal eye closure was a reliable indicator of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Among the 52 patients with PNES, 50 consistently closed their eyes, while 152 of the 156 patients with epileptic seizures (ES) opened their eyes during seizures. These findings suggest that ictal eye closure is a highly reliable indicator for PNES, while ictal eye opening is an indicator of ES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA. sschung@chw.edu
authors.forename: Steve S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Kristin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kirlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods*; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity