title: Removal and inactivation of Cryptosporidium and microbial indicators by a quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC)-treated zeolite in pilot filters.
abstract: A set of pilot filters packed with Zeolite filter media treated with a quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) were evaluated to verify the proof of concept of their combined antimicrobial capabilities. Escherichia coli was removed and inactivated the most (2.83 log), followed by MS-2 (2.75 log), Klebsiella terriena (2.21 log), PRD-1 (1.95 log), Chlorella vulgaris (1.92 log), and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts (1.78 log). Especially, inactivation of C. parvum oocysts (1.19 log) was higher than physical removal (0.54 log). The data suggest that QAC-treated Zeolite in the pilot filters has microbial inactivation capabilities and may have useful applications in other types of filter media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287-5306,USA. abbaszadegan@asu.edu
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbaszadegan
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: Rudolf N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ouwens
authors.forename: Hodon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Absar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D025622:Bacteriophage PRD1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D048408:Chlorella vulgaris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005374:Filtration; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017909:Levivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D033661:Oocysts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D017641:Zeolites
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D017641:Zeolites