Mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome continues to be a high-mortality condition. The role of mechanical ventilation remains primarily a supportive modality. Recent research has elucidated the adverse impact of traditional ventilation strategies on development of the disease and, ultimately, mortality. The institution of low tidal volume ventilation has been the only intervention that has resulted in definitive improvement in survival. Animal and human investigations that culminated in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network low tidal volume study are reviewed. Current controversies in the application of mechanical ventilation including the use of positive end-expiratory pressure, recruitment maneuvers, and high frequency oscillatory ventilation are also addressed.
Cardenas
Victor J
VJ
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0561, USA. vcardena@utmb.edu
Lynch
James E
JE
D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013990:Tidal Volume