title: Correlation of Hsp110 expression with caspase-3 and -9 during apoptosis induced by in vivo embryonic exposition to retinoic acid or irradiation in early mouse craniofacial development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the expression and role of three proteins (HSP110, caspase-3 and caspase-9) during craniofacial development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven pregnant C57Bl/6J mice received, by force-feeding at gestation day 9 (E9), 80 mg/kg of all-trans retinoic acid mixed to sesame oil. Seven pregnant NMRI mice received two grays irradiation at the same gestation day. Control mice of both strains (seven mice for each strain) were not submitted to any treatment. Embryos were obtained at various stages after exposition (3, 6, 12 and 24 h), fixed, dehydrated and embedded. Coronal sections (5 microm) were made. Slide staining occurred alternatively using anti-Hsp110, anti-caspase-3 and anti-caspase-9 immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of HSP110, caspase-3 and caspase-9 was found in cells of well-known locations of programmed cell death. After retinoic acid exposure, expressions were increased especially in neural crest cells of mandibular and hyoid arches. Quantification of positive cells shows that caspase-9 and Hsp110 were expressed before caspase-3. After irradiation, the expression of the three proteins quickly increased with a maximum 3 h after irradiation. For all three models of apoptosis (physiological, retinoic-induced and irradiation-induced) HSP110 positive cells were more numerous than caspase-3 positive cells. Caspase-3 positive cells were more numerous than caspase-9 positive cells especially in mesectodermal irradiation-induced apoptotic cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings show a potential function of HSP110 in apoptosis during embryo development. Caspase-3-expressing cells are more numerous than cells expressing caspase-9, especially irradiation-induced apoptotic neural crest cells. This suggests that other caspases, still to be identified, may activate caspase-3 in this model.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gashegu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vanmuylder
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Philippson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choa-Duterre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rooze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Louryan
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000196:embryology; D000016:Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced / Q000196:embryology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D050957:HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D050957:HSP110 Heat-Shock Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases