title: A novel function of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in modulation of the AKT pathway in wild-type and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1-deficient endothelial cells.
abstract: Cell proliferation, an event associated with angiogenesis, involves coordinated activities of a number of proteins. The role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in angiogenesis remains controversial. Utilizing proliferating PAI-1-/- endothelial cells (EC), the impact of a host PAI-1 deficiency on Akt activation was evaluated. Hyperactivation of Akt(Ser(P)473) was observed in PAI-1-/- EC, and this was probably due to enhanced inactivation of tumor suppressor PTEN, thus rendering the cells resistant to apoptotic signals. Higher levels of inactivated caspase-9 in PAI-1-/- EC led to lower levels of procaspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3, thereby promoting survival. These effects were reversed when recombinant PAI-1 was added to PAI-1-/- EC. Additional studies demonstrated that regulation of proliferation is dependent on its interaction with low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Thus, PAI-1 is a negative regulator of cell growth, exerting its effect on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway and allowing controlled cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
authors.forename: Rashna D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Balsara
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Castellino
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ploplis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases