title: Adrenomedullin inhibits insulin exocytosis via pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein-coupled mechanism.
abstract: Direct effects of adrenomedullin on insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells were investigated using a differentiated insulin-secreting cell line INS-1. Adrenomedullin (1-100 pM) inhibited insulin secretion at both basal (3 mM) and high (15 mM) glucose concentrations, although this inhibitory effect was not observed at higher concentrations of adrenomedullin. The inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by adrenomedullin was restored with 12-h pretreatment with 1 microg/ml pertussis toxin (PTX), suggesting that this effect could be mediated by PTX-sensitive G proteins. Cellular glucose metabolism evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay was not affected by adrenomedullin at concentrations that inhibited insulin secretion. Moreover, electrophysiological studies revealed that 10 pM adrenomedullin had no effect on membrane potential, voltage-gated calcium currents, or cytosolic calcium concentration induced by 15 mM glucose. Finally, insulin release induced by cAMP-raising agents, such as forskolin plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or the calcium ionophore ionomycin, was significantly inhibited by 10 and 100 pM adrenomedullin. In conclusion, adrenomedullin at picomolar concentrations directly inhibited insulin secretion from beta-cells. This effect is likely due to the inhibition of insulin exocytosis through the activation of PTX-sensitive G proteins.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Univ. of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Nako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kimata-Hayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005562:Formazans / Q000737:chemistry; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007340:Insulinoma; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005562:Formazans; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D005576:Colforsin; C079782:MTT formazan; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine