title: Fatal long-term immunosuppressive therapy with uncontrolled repeat prescription.
abstract: A case of nephrotic syndrome treated with associated cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids came to our attention after over 2 years of self-administered immunosuppressive therapy which remained unchanged and uncontrolled during this period. The self-administered therapy resulted in a severe cell-mediated immunodeficiency (as expressed by a nadir CD4 lymphocyte count of 2 cells/muL). This led to a rapid unfavorable progression of hepatitis B, which was recently acquired and subsequently evolved into a severe cholestatic and fibrosing chronic hepatitis, causing multiple end-organ failure, and ultimately, death. This process was not reversed by lamivudine therapy, hemodialysis, and the use of a Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System. The role played by repeated drug prescriptions from general practitioners without appropriate clinical and laboratory controls, and that of our patient's depression are discussed. Current literature related to the presented case and the ongoing debate regarding repeated prescriptions are considered in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy. roberto.manfredi@unibo.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabbatani
authors.forename: Giulio Fraternali
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Orcioni
authors.forename: Giuseppe N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiodo
mesh_terms: D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004363:Drug Utilization; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012651:Self Medication
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents