title: Drug-resistant genes and serotypes of pneumococcal strains of community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high frequency of drug-resistant pneumococci has been reported in Asian countries. Few data on the drug-resistance or serotype of pneumococcal strains responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), however, are available for the past two decades in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Susceptibility to antibiotics and the genotype of antibiotic-resistant genes and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 114 adult patients with CAP were examined in a nationwide study in Japan between 2001 and 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the cases were non-bacteraemic pneumonia and the case fatality rate was 4.4%. The most frequent genotype of the pbp gene was pbp1a + 2x + 2b (gPRSP; 36.8%) followed by pbp 2x (28.1%) and of the macrolide-resistant gene, it was ermB (50.0%). The most common serotype was 19F (29.1%), followed by serotype 23F (13.2%), 6B (12.3%) and 3 (11.4%). The coverage of serotypes of isolates by a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) would be 82.5% in these patients with CAP. Most of strains with serotypes 19F and 23F were gPRSP. A cluster of serotype 3 strains associated with the pbp 2x and ermB gene was also noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high frequency of altered pbp gene mutations or of macrolide-related genes and a high serotype coverage by the 23-valent PPV found in our study of pneumococcal pneumonia facilitates attempts to increase the coverage rate of the 23-valent PPV in adults older than 65 years in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan. oishik@biken.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kiwao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanimura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Akitaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwagaki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kudoh
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Yoshinosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagatake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D009154:Mutation; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines