The myocardin family of transcriptional coactivators: versatile regulators of cell growth, migration, and myogenesis.
The association of transcriptional coactivators with sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins provides versatility and specificity to gene regulation and expands the regulatory potential of individual cis-regulatory DNA sequences. Members of the myocardin family of coactivators activate genes involved in cell proliferation, migration, and myogenesis by associating with serum response factor (SRF). The partnership of myocardin family members and SRF also controls genes encoding components of the actin cytoskeleton and confers responsiveness to extracellular growth signals and intracellular changes in the cytoskeleton, thereby creating a transcriptional-cytoskeletal regulatory circuit. These functions are reflected in defects in smooth muscle differentiation and function in mice with mutations in myocardin family members. This article reviews the functions and mechanisms of action of the myocardin family of coactivators and the physiological significance of transcriptional coactivation in the context of signal-dependent and cell-type-specific gene regulation.
Pipes
G C Teg
GC
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.
Creemers
Esther E
EE
Olson
Eric N
EN
D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099251:Myocardin
D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000099251:Myocardin