title: Retreatment efficacy of hand versus automated instrumentation in oval-shaped root canals: an ex vivo study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of hand versus automated instrumentation when retreating oval-shaped root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty human premolars with single oval canals were instrumented and filled with gutta-percha and sealer and divided into three groups (n = 20)--group 1: ProFile .04 taper rotary instruments; group 2: Anatomic Endodontic Technology (AET), and group 3: manual instrumentation with Hedström files. The teeth were split longitudinally and gutta-percha/sealer remnants in the coronal, middle and apical thirds were assessed with light microscopy. The mean percentage of gutta-percha/sealer remnants for each group was calculated and statistically analysed for significance using an ANOVA repeated measures (P < 0.001) and Tukey's multiple comparison test. The time required for retreatment was analysed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P < 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 10-18% of the canal walls were covered with gutta-percha/sealer remnants after preparation using any technique. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the mean values for remnants of filling material in the ProFile group were significantly higher than for the other groups (P < 0.001), except in the apical third where no significant difference occurred. In all groups, the mean values in the middle third were higher than the coronal and apical thirds. The retreatment time for ProFile and AET was significantly shorter compared to manual instrumentation with Hedström files (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the experimental conditions, AET instruments and manual instrumentation with Hedström files resulted in cleaner canals. However, completely clean root canal walls were not produced with any of the techniques investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, Section of Endodontics, Department of Adult Dental Care, Faculty of Odontology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. zmener@infovia.com.ar
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zmener
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pameijer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banegas
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000473:pathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009532:Nickel; D019233:Retreatment; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012399:Rotation; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012997:Solvents; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D002725:Chloroform; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium