title: [The role of CYP2C19 polymorphism in the development of adverse effects to drugs and the risk for diseases].
abstract: There are a great number of polymorphic genes in the human genome. Many of them codify enzymes that metabolizes drugs and xenobiotic agents, including carcinogens. Among the better known of them, there are a number of isozymes of the microsomal oxidative system (CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 y CYP2D6). This article reviews the following issues: a) frequency of presentation of the "poor metabolizer" genotype and/or phenotype for substrates of CYP2C19; b) role of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the metabolism of some drugs (mephenytoine and other antiepileptic drugs, proton pump inhibitors, several antidepressants and anxyolitics, the antimalaria aggent proguanyl, and propranolol, among others, use this metabolic pathway), and c) possible role of CYP2C19 polymorphism in the risk for development of neoplasia and other diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, hip osteonecrosis, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, essential tremor).
authors.affiliation: Sección de Neurología, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Zamora, España.
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alonso-Navarro
authors.forename: Félix J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Jiménez
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Agúndez
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19