title: Hypospadias in rams.
abstract: In an abattoir survey conducted in south-west England, 15 of 6521 rams aged three to 12 months had hypospadias; in 27 others the scrotum was completely or partly divided, but they had no other abnormalities of the urinary or genital systems. The lesions observed in 11 of the rams in the abattoir survey, and in four young rams and one mature ram found during visits to farms, are described in detail. Five of them had periscrotal openings of the urethra and in the other 11 the openings were in a perineal position, close to the anus. In all of them the penis was underdeveloped, the prepuce had failed to fuse and the galea faced in a caudal direction. They all had completely or partially divided scrotums, and signs of urine scalding of the scrotum were visible.
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 7DU.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Parkinson
mesh_terms: D000003:Abattoirs; D000818:Animals; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012611:Scrotum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology