title: Anatomic double-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using double-double tunnel with tibial anterior and posterior fresh-frozen allograft.
abstract: Techniques for the reconstruction of knee ligaments must restore the injured knee to a satisfactory level of performance. For this, a precise anatomic reconstruction is necessary. Many arthroscopic techniques for reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) have been reported to restore the normal anatomy of the intact PCL using a double-bundle reconstruction with a Y-shaped tendon graft (2 femoral tunnel and 1 tibial tunnel). However, this procedure is sometimes difficult because the graft must be tightened in different grades of flexion to obtain complete strength of both bundles. We thought that double-bundle PCL reconstruction using double-double tunnels (2 femoral and 2 tibial tunnels) would allow an anatomic reconstruction, restoring better knee biomechanics, and probably improving patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Orthopaedics Carlos E. Ottolenghi, Orthopaedic Research Laboratory (CINEOT), Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aponte Tinao
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ayerza
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascual Garrido
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costa Paz
authors.forename: Domingo Luis
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Muscolo
mesh_terms: D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D013977:Tibia; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous