title: Indication of posterior lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar disc herniation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether lumbar disc herniation with massive extrusion and/or segmental instability can be an indicator for spinal fusion or not, by comparing the outcome of posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and discectomy alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-four patients with PLIF and 177 patients with discectomy were retrospectively analyzed. We hypothesized two criteria for fusion: massive herniation and segmental instability. The patients were divided into four groups according to our original criteria: group F-F (n = 96) consisted of the patients who fulfilled the criteria for fusion and underwent PLIF; group nF-F (n = 78) consisted of those who did not fulfill the criteria but had PLIF; group F-nF (n = 30) consisted of those who fulfilled the criteria but underwent discectomy; group nF-nF (n = 147) comprised those who did not fulfill the criteria and underwent discectomy. Each patient was evaluated clinically and radiologically at 5 years after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups F-F and nF-F had significantly superior results on low back pain compared with group F-nF (F-F vs F-nF, P < 0.05; nF-F vs F-nF, P < 0.01). The frequency of additional operation at the involved level was significantly higher in group F-nF (10.0%) than in group F-F (2.0%) (P < 0.05). Postoperative instability of the adjacent segment developed in 15 cases (8.6%) in groups F-F and nF-F and in 3 cases (1.7%) in groups F-nF and nF-nF (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lumbar disc herniation with massive herniation or segmental instability can be well treated with PLIF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Minoh City Hospital, Osaka, Japan. iwao_satoh@maple.city.minoh.lg.jp
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonenobu
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuji
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome