title: Protective resources and long-term recovery from alcohol use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined indices of personal and social resources drawn from social learning, behavioral economics, and social control theories as predictors of medium- and long-term alcohol use disorder outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals (N = 461) who initiated help-seeking for alcohol-related problems were surveyed at baseline and 1, 3, 8, and 16 years later. At baseline and each follow-up, participants provided information about their personal and social resources and alcohol-related and psychosocial functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, protective resources associated with social learning (self-efficacy and approach coping), behavioral economics (health and financial resources and resources associated with Alcoholics Anonymous), and social control theory (bonding with family members, friends, and coworkers) predicted better alcohol-related and psychosocial outcomes. A summary index of protective resources associated with all three theories significantly predicted remission. Protective resources strengthened the positive influence of treatment on short-term remission and partially mediated the association between treatment and remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of social learning, behavior economic, and social control theories may help to identify predictors of remission and thus to allocate treatment more efficiently.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Care Evaluation, Department of Veterans Affairs and Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA. rmoos@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Rudolf H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Moos
authors.forename: Bernice S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moos
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000436:Alcoholics Anonymous; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003289:Convalescence; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012074:Remission Induction; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D012944:Social Support; D013997:Time Factors