title: Clinical outcomes improve with highly active antiretroviral therapy in vertically HIV type-1-infected children.
abstract: Background. Use of antiretroviral therapy has resulted in a decrease in morbidity and mortality rates in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children.Methods. We performed a retrospective study involving 427 children to determine the effectiveness of different antiretroviral therapy protocols on clinical outcome. The follow-up period was divided into 5 calendar periods (CPs): CP1 (1980-1989), before antiretroviral therapy was administered; CP2 (1990-1993), when monotherapy was administered; CP3 (1994-1996), when combined therapy was administered; CP4 (1997-1998), when </=50% of children were receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); and CP5 (1999-2003), when >/=60% of children were receiving HAART.Results. Children experienced a progressive increase in the CD4(+) cell count and decrease in the viral load from 1997 onwards. A lower number of AIDS cases and deaths occurred during CP5 than during the other CPs (P<.01), with a relative risk of an absence of AIDS of >20 and a relative risk of survival of >30. The AIDS rate was >50% in CP1; we observed a very strong decrease to 14% in CP2, to 16% in CP3, to 7% in CP4, and to 2% in CP5. The mortality rates in CP2 and CP3 were >6% and thereafter decreased to 0.5% in CP5. The relative risks for no hospital admission in CP4 and CP5 were >3.5. The total rates of hospital admission in CP1, CP2, and CP3 were >30%; we observed a decrease in CP4 and CP5. The duration of hospitalization decreased during the follow-up period, and it was higher in CP1 (~30 days) than in the other periods.Conclusions. We observed that HAART produces a decrease in adverse clinical outcomes (i.e., hospital admission, AIDS, and death) in children with vertical HIV-1 infection in Madrid, Spain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. sresino.hgugm@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resino
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Resino
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maria Bellón
authors.forename: Dariela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Micheloud
authors.forename: Maria Dolores Gurbindo
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: de José
authors.forename: José Tomás
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Pablo Martín
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fontelos
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ciria
authors.forename: Maria Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents