Pediatric breast deformity.
Congenital breast anomalies represent a relatively common set of disorders encountered by pediatric plastic surgeons with a spectrum of severity that ranges widely from the relatively benign polythelia to the very complex disorders such as Poland's syndrome and tuberous breast deformities. While the former can be treated in a single surgical setting with minimal morbidity, the more complicated disorders often require a staged reconstructive algorithm. Some disorders also require a multidisciplinary management for both workup and management. Although rarely a source of functional morbidity, these physical deformities are often a significant source of psychological stress for the adolescent male or female who feels alienated from their peers. The purpose of this article is to review the most common congenital breast disorders including the diagnosis, workup, and management especially the timing of surgical intervention as guided by normal developmental milestones.
Latham
Kerry
K
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA. drlatham@gmail.com
Fernandez
Sarah
S
Iteld
Larry
L
Panthaki
Zubin
Z
Armstrong
Milton B
MB
Thaller
Seth
S
D000293:Adolescent; D001940:Breast / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006803:Human Development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009558:Nipples / Q000002:abnormalities; D011045:Poland Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology