title: Patterns of K-ras mutation in colorectal carcinomas from Iran and Italy (a Gruppo Oncologico dell'Italia Meridionale study): influence of microsatellite instability status and country of origin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  K-ras mutations are a key step in colorectal cancer progression. Such mutations have been widely studied in case series from Western countries but there are few data on the rate and spectrum of mutations in tumors from countries where the epidemiological features of the disease are different.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor samples from 182 Iranian colorectal cancer patients (170 sporadic cases and 12 HNPCC cases) were screened for K-ras mutations at codons 12, 13 and 61 by sequencing analysis. The cases were also characterized for microsatellite instability at mononucleotide repeats by PCR and fragment analysis, and classified according to microsatellite instability status. The frequency and the spectrum of K-ras mutations were compared with those observed in a series of colorectal cancer patients from Italy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  K-ras mutations were observed in 68/182 (37.4%) cases. Mutation frequencies were similar in HNPCC-associated, sporadic MSI-H and sporadic microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors. However, the G13D substitution was more frequent in HNPCC (3/4, 75%) and sporadic MSI-H (7/11, 63.6%) tumors compared to sporadic MSS tumors (11/53, 20.4%) (P <0.01). Comparison of mutations in the two series from Iran and Italy showed a significantly higher frequency of G13D among Italian patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the frequency of K-ras mutations could be similar, the mutational spectrum could be differentially influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, University G. d'Annunzio, and Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bishehsari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahdavinia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verginelli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotoudeh
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bazan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Agnese
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Lellis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Semeraro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colucci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hormazdi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rakhshani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piantelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iacobelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mariani-Costantini
mesh_terms: D003062:Codon; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D053842:Microsatellite Instability; D009154:Mutation
chemical_list: D003062:Codon