Correlation of cytokine gene expression with pathology in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) infected with Mycobacterium bovis.
Mycobacterium bovis-infected white-tailed deer (WTD) in northeast Michigan are a reservoir of mycobacteria that pose a threat to both domestic animals and humans. Relatively little work has been done to characterize the immune response of WTD to M. bovis infection; however, an understanding of the immune response to infection and pathogenesis may be critical to the development of an effective vaccine. Immunological responses to infection were characterized by monitoring cytokine gene expression in M. bovis-infected and uninfected deer. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from infected WTD expressed more gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12p40 (IL-12p40), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, and IL-4 mRNA than did PBL from uninfected deer; however, differences were not detected in expression of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta mRNA. Infected animals could be divided into two groups based on pathology. Lesions were confined primarily to the lymph nodes of the head in animals with less severe pathology. Animals with more severe pathology had lesions in the lung and associated lymph nodes as well as the lymph nodes of the head. More robust IFN-gamma mRNA expression correlated with pathology early in infection. These findings indicate that IFN-gamma expression likely plays a role in both protection and pathogenesis.
Thacker
Tyler C
TC
Bacterial Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2300 Dayton Ave., Ames, IA 50010, USA. tthacker@nadc.ars.usda.gov
Palmer
Mitchell V
MV
Waters
W Ray
WR
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003670:Deer / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D007239:Infections; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000662:veterinary*
D016207:Cytokines