title: Unilateral cervical surgical exploration aided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and equivocal sestamibi scan results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Equivocal parathyroid technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan results are likely to demonstrate the correct location for parathyroid adenomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism prospectively consented to participate in an institutional review board-approved study. The parathyroid technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan results were classified as positive, negative, or equivocal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary private hospital in which university faculty practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi imaging was performed for 464 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Eighty-four of these patients had scan results considered equivocal for unilateral adenomas. The algorithm for this group of patients specified that they should receive an injection with technetium Tc 99m sestamibi prior to parathyroidectomy and that an intraoperative parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level decrease of more than 50% be used to define intraoperative success. Seventy-two patients had postoperative calcium levels measured at least 2 weeks after their surgical procedure and defined the study group. The mean follow-up was more than 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parathyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation of equivocal scan interpretation with operative findings and biochemical cure of hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 72 patients, 39 underwent unilateral surgical explorations and 33 underwent bilateral surgical explorations; 67 (93%) of the patients were initially cured and 68 (94%) were ultimately cured. In the unilateral group, 38 (97%) of the patients were cured. The 1 failure was associated with a false-positive iPTH level decrease. In the bilateral group, 29 (88%) of the patients were initially cured and 30 (91%) were ultimately cured. Two failures were associated with a false-positive iPTH level decrease and 2 with failure to find the adenoma. Of the 33 patients in the bilateral group, surgical exploration of the opposite side was purely by surgeon choice in 11 cases. Of the other 22 patients, in addition to the 3 failures, 7 had 4-gland hyperplasia, 4 had double adenomas, and 6 had false-negative iPTH level results with iPTH level decreases of less than 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, between 48 (67%) and 54 (75%) of the 72 patients would have been cured with unilateral surgical exploration alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. richard.goldstein@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Muffin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bumpous
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lentsch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi