Recent insights into experimental mouse models of diabetic nephropathy.
OBJECTIVE
Mouse models are an essential experimental tool for investigating the role of molecular mechanisms and genetic susceptibility in the development of diabetic nephropathy.


METHODS
The most widely used inbred strain, the C57BL/6 mouse, is commonly used in streptozotocin-induced models of type 1 diabetes and is particularly susceptible to obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. However, use of this strain has been criticised by studies suggesting that it is relatively resistant to renal injury.


RESULTS
Recent refinement of these models and utilisation of genetically modified (knockout and transgenic) mice on a C57BL/6 background has provided important insights into the roles of oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, inflammation and profibrotic mechanisms in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate the utility of mouse models for identifying and testing novel therapeutic strategies which could translate into better protection against the human disease.
Tesch
Gregory H
GH
Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Australia.
Nikolic-Paterson
David J
DJ
D000818:Animals; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D051379:Mice