title: Excellent response to apomorphine in Parkinsonism with optic atrophy unresponsive to oral antiparkinsonian medication.
abstract: Two patients presented with the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), which had developed slowly and progressively. One patient underwent brain imaging of the dopaminergic system, the results of which were compatible with PD. However, both patients showed no response to L-dopa or oral dopaminergic medication. They also had optic nerve atrophy of unknown etiology. The severe motor symptoms of both patients were conspicuously alleviated by apomorphine delivered subcutaneously. One patient underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, which also proved effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. angela.deutschlaender@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deutschländer
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asmus
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marelli
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klopstock
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bötzel
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000547:Amantadine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000187:drug effects; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D000547:Amantadine; D001058:Apomorphine