title: Use of height3:waist circumference3 as an index for metabolic risk assessment?
abstract: Current anthropometric indices for health risk assessment are indirect measures of total or visceral body fat mass that do not consider the inverse relationship of lean body mass to metabolic risk as well as the non-linear relationship between central obesity and insulin resistance. We examined a new anthropometric index that reflects the relationship of waist circumference (WC) as a risk factor to fat-free mass (FFM) as a protective parameter of body composition. In a population of 335 adults (191 females and 144 males; mean age 53 (SD 13.9) years) with a high prevalence of obesity (27%) and metabolic syndrome (30%) we derived FFM:WC(3) from the best fit of the relationship with metabolic risk factors (plasma triacylglycerol levels and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment index). Because FFM is known to be proportional to the cube of height, FFM was subsequently replaced by height(3) yielding height(3):WC(3) as an easily applicable anthropometric index. Significant inverse relationships of height(3):WC(3) to metabolic risk factors were observed for both sexes. They slightly exceeded those of conventional anthropometric indices such as BMI, WC or WC:hip ratio in women but not in men. The exponential character of the denominator WC(3) implies that at a given FFM with gradually increasing WC the increase in metabolic risk is lower than proportional. Further studies are needed to evaluate height(3):WC(3) as an anthropometric index for health risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. abosyw@nutrfoodsc.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bosy-Westphal
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danielzik
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onur
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Korth
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Selberg
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfeuffer
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schrezenmeir
authors.forename: Manfred J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001823:Body Composition; D001824:Body Constitution; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio