title: In-situ injectable physically and chemically gelling NIPAAm-based copolymer system for embolization.
abstract: The goal of this work is to make an injectable physically and chemically cross-linking NIPAAm-based copolymer system for endovascular embolization. A copolymer with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was synthesized and converted to poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-acrylate) functionalized with olefins. When poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-acrylate) was mixed with pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate (QT) stoichiometrically in a 0.1 N PBS solution of pH 7.4, it formed a temperature-sensitive hydrogel with low swelling through the Michael-type addition reaction and showed improved elastic properties at low frequency compared to physical gelation. This material could be useful for applications requiring water-soluble injection but lower swelling and lower creep properties than available with other soluble in-situ-gelling materials.
authors.affiliation: The Harrington Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, USA.
authors.forename: Bae Hoon
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McLemore
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pauken
authors.forename: Brent L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Vernon
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010316:Particle Size; D011102:Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D005782:Gels; D011108:Polymers; C512888:poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-acrylate); D011102:Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate; C067295:N-isopropylacrylamide