title: Determination of titanium and vanadium in Ziegler-Natta catalysts by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
abstract: A method for the determination of Ti and V using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP OES) in Ziegler-Natta polymerization catalysts is proposed. The concentrations of both Ti and V are efficiently determined after catalyst acid digestion with a mixture of HNO3 + HCl + HF and heating (160 degrees C for 6 h) or with 10% (v/v) H2SO4 and heating (160 degrees C for 6 h) or with 10% (v/v) H2SO4 and sonication (during 2 min). The V and Ti detection limits are 0.002% and 0.08%, respectively, using 0.20 g of catalyst sample in 50 ml. The method is validated by a comparison with the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) technique. In this case, catalyst samples are only pressed as pellets before analyte determination. Despite the fact that both the V and Ti concentrations cannot be determined individually by means of RBS, because the atomic numbers of Ti and V are very close, the sum of the V and Ti contents is in accordance with that attained by means of ICP OES. According to scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) it is observed that the Ti distribution on the catalyst grain is not homogenous.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiane F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Petry
authors.forename: Larissa B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Capeletti
authors.forename: Fernanda C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Stedile
authors.forename: João H Z Dos
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Dirce
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pozebon