title: Comprehensive multi-dimensional liquid chromatographic separation in biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis: a review.
abstract: 'Multi-dimensional' liquid separations have a history almost as long as chromatography. In multi-dimensional chromatography the sample is subjected to more than one separation mechanism; each mechanism is considered an independent separation dimension. The separations can be carried out either offline via fraction collection, or directly coupled online. Early multi-dimensional separations using combinations of paper chromatography, electrophoresis and gels, in both planar and columnar modes are reviewed. Developments in HPLC have increased the number of measurable analytes in ever more complex matrices, and this has led to the concept of 'global metabolite profiling'. This review focuses on the theory and practice of modern 'comprehensive' multi-dimensional liquid chromatography when applied to biomedical and pharmaceutical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Science (WHRI), Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, UK. s.p.dixon@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Pitfield
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perrett
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations