title: Genitopatellar syndrome: expanding the phenotype and excluding mutations in LMX1B and TBX4.
abstract: Genitopatellar syndrome is a newly described disorder characterized by absent/hypoplastic patellae, lower extremity contractures, urogenital anomalies, dysmorphic features, skeletal anomalies, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. More recently, cardiac anomalies and ectodermal dysplasia have been suggested as additional features of this syndrome. We report on two additional patients with genitopatellar syndrome and expand the spectrum of anomalies to include radio-ulnar synostosis. Since there exists significant overlap in the skeletal phenotype between genitopatellar syndrome and both the nail-patella and short patella syndromes, mutation screening of their causative genes, LMX1B and TBX4, was performed. Although there still does not appear to be an identifiable molecular etiology in genitopatellar syndrome, mutations in these two candidate genes have been excluded in our patients. Since both LMX1B and TBX4 are involved in a common molecular pathway, it is likely that the causative gene of genitopatellar syndrome functions within the same developmental process.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA. oabdul_rahman@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Omar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Abdul-Rahman
authors.forename: Trang H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: La
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schlaubitz
authors.forename: Greg S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Barsh
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Enns
authors.forename: Louanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hudgins
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000002:abnormalities*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D008297:Male; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010329:Patella / Q000002:abnormalities*; D010641:Phenotype; D011884:Radius / Q000002:abnormalities; D013577:Syndrome; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014457:Ulna / Q000002:abnormalities
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C112149:LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C491193:TBX4 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors