title: Prediction of cardiogenic pulmonary edema onset by monitoring right lung impedance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of internal thoracic impedance (ITI) monitors to predict cardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients at risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, controlled multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 328 consecutive patients admitted for cardiac conditions. Of these 265 patients aged 27-83 years with no clinical signs of pulmonary edema, extracardiac respiratory failure or pacemakers comprised the study cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monitoring of the lung's electrical impedance was used for predicting cardiogenic pulmonary edema since accumulation of blood and fluid decreases impedance values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Impedance of the lung is the main feature of ITI measured by the RS-207 monitor: decreased ITI prior to the clinical signs of cardiogenic pulmonary edema was used as the prediction criterion. The clinical signs used for confirmation of its prediction were dyspnea, cyanosis, pulmonary rales, crepitations, arterial hypoxemia, and radiographic evidence of pulmonary congestion in chest radiographs. Clinicians were blinded to the results of ITI measurements and radiologists were blinded to both ITI and clinical data. Thirty-seven patients developed cardiogenic pulmonary edema while being monitored. ITI decreased by more than 12% of baseline in all of them; this occurred at 30 min or longer (26 patients) and at 60 min or longer (11 patients) before the appearance of clinical signs. ITI fell by less then 10.1% of baseline in all 228 patients who did not develop the edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring ITI is suitable for early prediction of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, before the appearance of the clinical signs.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shochat
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charach
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meyler
authors.forename: Simcha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mengeritsky
authors.forename: Morris
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mosseri
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rabinovich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000150:complications; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method