Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities.
The protein from Thai bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) fruit pulp was extracted and studied for its hypoglycemic effect. Subcutaneous administration of the protein extract (5, 10 mg/kg) significantly and markedly decreased plasma glucose concentrations in both normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats in a dose-dependent manner. The onset of the protein extract-induced antihyperglycemia/hypoglycemia was observed at 4 and 6 h in diabetic and normal rats, respectively. This protein extract also raised plasma insulin concentrations by 2 fold 4 h following subcutaneous administration. In perfused rat pancreas, the protein extract (10 microg/ml) increased insulin secretion, but not glucagon secretion. The increase in insulin secretion was apparent within 5 min of administration and was persistent during 30 min of administration. Furthermore, the protein extract enhanced glucose uptake into C2C12 myocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Time course experiments performed in rat adipocytes revealed that M. charantia protein extract significantly increased glucose uptake after 4 and 6 h of incubation. Thus, the M. charantia protein extract, a slow acting chemical, exerted both insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities to lower blood glucose concentrations in vivo.
Yibchok-anun
Sirintorn
S
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. sirintorn.y@chula.ac.th
Adisakwattana
Sirichai
S
Yao
Cheng Yu
CY
Sangvanich
Polkit
P
Roengsumran
Sophon
S
Hsu
Walter Haw
WH
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D029777:Momordica charantia / Q000737:chemistry*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013311:Streptozocin
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013311:Streptozocin; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose