title: Carbamazepine extended-release capsules: a retrospective review of its use in children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar disorder occurs in 1% of children and adolescents, but few clinical trials address treatment of this population. This retrospective chart review evaluated the long-term safety and tolerability of carbamazepine extended-release capsules (CBZ-ERC) (Shire, Wayne, PA, USA) in 300 children and adolescent patients who had been treated for bipolar disorder in a private psychiatric practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from the medical records of all young and adolescent (4-17 years old) patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I, type II, or bipolar not otherwise specified who had been treated with CBZ-ERC either as add-on or monotherapy between October 1998 and November 2003 at Red Oak Psychiatry Associates, Houston, TX. The severity of illness was assessed using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale, and improvement was measured by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A response, defined as a CGI-I score of <or=3, was achieved in 76% of patients, 90% of whom were at least markedly ill (CGI-I>or=5) at CBZ-ERC initiation. Treatment was well tolerated, with the most common adverse events being somnolence (9.7%), nausea (6.3%), dizziness (5.0%), and rash (4.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbamazepine extended-release capsules appear safe and efficacious for the treatment of bipolar disorders in children and adolescent patients.
authors.affiliation: Red Oak Psychiatry Associates, Houston, TX 77090, USA. larrydg@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002214:Capsules; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D002214:Capsules; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D002220:Carbamazepine