title: Changes in alcohol consumption: an analysis of self-reported use of alcohol in a Swedish national sample 1988-89 and 1996-97.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse factors associated with alcohol consumption, and how these changed over the period 1988-97, a period during which Sweden entered the European Union.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were used from two waves (1988-89 and 1996-97) of the representative longitudinal micro-level ULF survey in Sweden to estimate a two-part model of consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiencing financial stress, monthly salary, and not being married were all correlated with alcohol consumption, especially for males in 1988-89. In 1996-97 these correlations were much weaker, revealing a levelling-out trend towards conformity. The pattern was less clear for females. Further, the youngest age group (16-29 years) increased its consumption significantly more than the older age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were significant changes in alcohol behaviour, especially for males, coinciding with Sweden joining the EU and preceding the very substantial general increase in consumption levels since 1998. This underlying process should be kept in mind when analysing the more recent trends. The results support the contention that alcohol policy should be a combination of measures targeting the whole population (e.g. via public health campaigns) with specific measures directed towards more vulnerable groups (e.g. young people).
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nystedt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000639:trends; D005062:European Union; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology