title: Development of a clipped single-bag with bicarbonate replacement fluid to ensure proper mixing.
abstract: A clipped single-bag for bicarbonate replacement fluid was developed to ensure proper mixing before administering to the patient. Nonmixture can cause imbalances of electrolytes and pH, which is a key problem for the current double-bag type bicarbonate replacement fluid sets. To resolve this problem, this single bag properly mixes the solutions before use. The new bag consists of a clip that is placed in the middle to keep the two solutions separated and sealed. When the caregiver is ready to administer treatment, the bag is simply unfolded and the clip automatically detaches, releasing the fluids. Thereby, the bicarbonate fluids are effectively mixed. An optimal clip size with an outer diameter of 16 mm and thickness of 2 mm was determined using compression tests and drop tests. This bag may be a safer and more effective way to provide proper replacement fluid supply for both hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration.
authors.affiliation: Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okahisa
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Erlend
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glueck
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nosé
mesh_terms: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002021:Buffers; D004867:Equipment Design; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D006801:Humans; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D002021:Buffers; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; D012996:Solutions