title: Maxillary sinus augmentation with different biomaterials: a comparative histologic and histomorphometric study in man.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rehabilitation of the edentulous posterior maxilla with dental implants can be difficult because of insufficient bone volume caused by pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and crestal bone resorption. Different biomaterials have been used for sinus augmentation. The aim of the study was to compare different materials in maxillary sinus augmentation in man.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 94 patients participated in this study. Inclusion criteria were maxillary partial (unilateral or bilateral) edentulism involving the premolar/molar areas, and the presence of 3-5-mm crestal bone between the sinus floor and alveolar ridge. A total of 362 implants were inserted. There were 9 biomaterials used in the sinus augmentation procedures. Each patient underwent 1 biopsy after 6 months. A total of 144 specimens were retrieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 94 patients had complications. All implants were stable, and x-ray examination showed dense bone around the implants. Mean follow-up was 4 years. There were 7 implants that failed. Histologic resultsshowed that almost all the particles of the different biomaterials (i.e., autologous bone, demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft Biocoral [Inoteb, St. Gonnery, France], Bioglass [US Biomaterials, Alachua, FL], Fisiograft [Ghimas, Bologna, Italy], PepGen P-15 [Dentsply Friadent CeraMed, Lakewood, CO], calcium sulfate, Bio-Oss [Geistlich Pharma AG, Wohlhusen, Switzerland], and hydroxyapatite) were surrounded by bone. Some biomaterials were more resorbable than others. Included are the histomorphometry clarified features of the newly formed bone around the different grafted particles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All biomaterials examined resulted in being biocompatible and seemed to improve new bone formation in maxillary sinus lift. No signs of inflammation were present. The data are very encouraging because of the high number of successfully treated patients and the good quality of bone found in the retrieved specimens.
authors.affiliation: University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degidi
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iezzi
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pecora
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piattelli
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caputi
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perrotti
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000601:surgery*; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials