title: Clinical background is required for optimum performance with a VR laparoscopy simulator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of clinical background when assessing the learning effect using a virtual-reality (VR) laparoscopy simulator (LapSim).
  
  
  METHODS
  Test subjects were 12 final-year medical students (Group A) and 12 inexperienced residents (Group B) with no previous experience of VR simulators. First, to establish a baseline, both groups performed the "clip application" task twice. They then completed a training program of increasing difficulty (coordination, cutting and clip application), after which both groups were re-tested using a difficult level of the "cutting" task as an endpoint measurement. Time to complete the tasks, as well as trauma and precision parameters, were scored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before training, times to complete the baseline task, as well as parameters of trauma and precision, were similar for both groups. After training, Group B (residents) completed the cutting task significantly faster than Group A (students). However, the former group also showed significant improvement in trauma and precision parameter scores in the endpoint measurement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that clinical background and understanding of the clinical value of a training program lead to faster acquisition and improvement of laparoscopic skills as performed on the laparoscopy simulator. Thus, medical students or other personnel not involved in practical surgery may be unsuitable as candidates for assessing the value of a VR training program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, Germany. hassan@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerdes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rothmund
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zielke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D014584:User-Computer Interface