title: Adsorption on stainless steel surfaces of biosurfactants produced by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: consequence on the bioadhesive behavior of Listeria monocytogenes.
abstract: The ability of adsorbed biosurfactants (Pf and Lb) obtained from gram-negative bacterium (Pseudomonas fluorescens) or gram-positive bacterium (Lactobacillus helveticus) to inhibit adhesion of four listerial strains to stainless steel was investigated. These metallic surfaces were characterized using the following complementary analytical techniques: contact-angle measurements (CAM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), polarization modulation-infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Contact-angles with polar liquids (water and formamide) indicated that the stainless steel surface covered with adsorbed biosurfactant was more hydrophilic and electron-donating than bare stainless steel. The surface characterization by XPS and PM-IRRAS revealed that conditioning the stainless steel changes the substrate in two ways, by modifying the surface alloy composition and by leaving an thin adsorbed organic layer. AFM observations enabled to say that the layer covered entirely the surface and was probably thicker (with patches) in the case of Pf-conditioned surfaces compared to the Lb-conditioned ones, which seemed to be less homogeneous. Though the added layer was thin, significant chemical changes were observed that can account for drastic modifications in the surface adhesive properties. As a matter of fact, adhesion tests showed that both used biosurfactants were effective by decreasing strongly the level of contamination of stainless steel surfaces by the four strains of Listeria monocytogenes. The more important decrease concerned the CIP104794 and CIP103573 strains (>99.7%) on surface conditioned by L. helveticus biosurfactant. A less reduced phenomenon (75.2%) for the CIP103574 strain on stainless steel with absorbed biosurfactant from P. fluorescens was observed. Whatever the strain of L. monocytogenes and the biosurfactant used, this antiadhesive biologic coating reduced both total adhering flora and viable and cultivable adherent bacteria on stainless steel surfaces. This study confirms that biosurfactants constitute an effective strategy to prevent microbial colonization of metallic surfaces by pathogenic bacteria like the food-borne pathogen L. monocytogenes.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche en Bioadhésion et Hygiène des Matériaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 25, Avenue de la République, F-91744 Massy Cedex, France. thierry.meylheuc@jouy.inra.fr
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meylheuc
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Methivier
authors.forename: Margareth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Renault
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Herry
authors.forename: Claire-Marie
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pradier
authors.forename: Marie Noëlle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bellon-Fontaine
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D052198:Lactobacillus helveticus / Q000378:metabolism; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000378:metabolism; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013193:Stainless Steel