title: Identification of apolipoprotein A-II in cerebrospinal fluid of pediatric brain tumor patients by protein expression profiling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to detect differences in protein expression profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from pediatric patients with and without brain tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and Q10 ProteinChip arrays to compare protein expression profiles of CSF from 32 pediatric brain tumor patients and 70 pediatric control patients. A protein with high discriminatory power was isolated and identified by subsequent anion-exchange and reversed-phase fractionation, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. The identity of the protein was confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 247 detected protein peak clusters, 123 were differentially expressed between brain tumor and control patients with a false discovery rate of 1%. Double-loop classification analysis gave a mean prediction accuracy of 88% in discriminating brain tumor patients from control patients. From the 123 clusters, a highly overexpressed protein peak cluster in CSF from brain tumor patients was selected for further analysis and identified as apolipoprotein A-II. Apolipoprotein A-II expression in CSF was correlated with the CSF albumin concentration, suggesting that the overexpression of apolipoprotein A-II is related to a disrupted blood-brain barrier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry can be successfully used to find differentially expressed proteins in CSF of pediatric brain tumor and control patients. Apolipoprotein A-II is highly overexpressed in CSF of pediatric brain tumor patients, which most likely is related to a disrupted blood-brain barrier. Ongoing studies are aimed at finding subtype specific proteins in larger groups of pediatric brain tumor patients.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Bont
authors.forename: Monique L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: den Boer
authors.forename: Roel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Reddingius
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Passier
authors.forename: Ron H N
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: van Schaik
authors.forename: Johan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kros
authors.forename: Peter A E
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sillevis Smitt
authors.forename: Theo H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Luider
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pieters
mesh_terms: D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020543:Proteome / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D020543:Proteome