title: Phylogeography of Asian wild rice, Oryza rufipogon, reveals multiple independent domestications of cultivated rice, Oryza sativa.
abstract: Cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L., represents the world's most important staple food crop, feeding more than half of the human population. Despite this essential role in world agriculture, the history of cultivated rice's domestication from its wild ancestor, Oryza rufipogon, remains unclear. In this study, DNA sequence variation in three gene regions is examined in a phylogeographic approach to investigate the domestication of cultivated rice. Results indicate that India and Indochina may represent the ancestral center of diversity for O. rufipogon. Additionally, the data suggest that cultivated rice was domesticated at least twice from different O. rufipogon populations and that the products of these two independent domestication events are the two major rice varieties, Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica. Based on this geographical analysis, O. sativa indica was domesticated within a region south of the Himalaya mountain range, likely eastern India, Myanmar, and Thailand, whereas O. sativa japonica was domesticated from wild rice in southern China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. jplondo@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Londo
authors.forename: Yu-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsiang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Tzen-Yuh
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Schaal
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000235:genetics; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; C101625:RbcL protein, plastid; D012273:Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase