title: The orphan GPR50 receptor specifically inhibits MT1 melatonin receptor function through heterodimerization.
abstract: One-third of the approximately 400 nonodorant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are still orphans. Although a considerable number of these receptors are likely to transduce cellular signals in response to ligands that remain to be identified, they may also have ligand-independent functions. Several members of the GPCR family have been shown to modulate the function of other receptors through heterodimerization. We show that GPR50, an orphan GPCR, heterodimerizes constitutively and specifically with MT(1) and MT(2) melatonin receptors, using biochemical and biophysical approaches in intact cells. Whereas the association between GPR50 and MT(2) did not modify MT(2) function, GPR50 abolished high-affinity agonist binding and G protein coupling to the MT(1) protomer engaged in the heterodimer. Deletion of the large C-terminal tail of GPR50 suppressed the inhibitory effect of GPR50 on MT(1) without affecting heterodimerization, indicating that this domain regulates the interaction of regulatory proteins to MT(1). Pairing orphan GPCRs to potential heterodimerization partners might be of clinical importance and may become a general strategy to better understand the function of orphan GPCRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Angélique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levoye
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dam
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guillaume
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delagrange
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jockers
mesh_terms: D019390:Arrestins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D019281:Dimerization; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D044122:Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D044123:Receptor, Melatonin, MT2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000071557:beta-Arrestins
chemical_list: D019390:Arrestins; C509754:GPR50 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D044122:Receptor, Melatonin, MT1; D044123:Receptor, Melatonin, MT2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D008550:Melatonin