title: Sexually transmitted Human Papillomavirus type variations resulting in high grade cervical dysplasia in North-East North Dakota and North-West Minnesota.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A review of Pap smear diagnoses from a reference laboratory in Grand Forks, North Dakota over a 3-year period (07/00 to 10/03) revealed a two-fold higher rate of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in a community in northwest Minnesota (Roseau, 0.486%) than in northeast North Dakota (Grand Forks, 0.249%), in spite of both having similar rates of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (1.33% vs.1.30% respectively)
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the different types of HPV present in patient populations showing high-grade dysplasia in Grand Forks, ND and Roseau, MN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of HPV type 16, 18 and 31.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our studies showed that 41% of samples from Roseau were triply infected with HPV serotypes 16, 18 and 31 in comparison to 12 % from Grand Forks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the small sample size we were unable to prove the study to be statistically significant. However, our results suggest that the presence of HPV 16, 18 and 31 in triply infected samples may be the cause of the higher percentage of high-grade dysplasia in Roseau, MN when compared to Grand Forks, ND.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA. lbalakrishnan@medicine.nodak.edu
authors.forename: Lata
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clauson
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weiland
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Milavetz
mesh_terms: D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009658:North Dakota / Q000453:epidemiology; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral