title: Partial gastric volumes and upper abdominal sensations in functional dyspeptic and GERD patients: a 3D ultrasonographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the change in proximal and distal gastric volumes after ingestion of a nutrient drink and its relationship to upper abdominal sensations using three-dimensional ultrasonography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty FD patients, 20 GERD patients patients and 35 healthy controls participated. Partial gastric volumes and sensations were assessed while fasting and after ingestion of a nutrient drink (500 mL, 300 kcal). Division of partial gastric volumes by total gastric volume was used to calculate proximal and distal gastric volume ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proximal gastric volume ratio was smaller in FD patients and larger in GERD patients compared to controls (p < 0.001 and p= 0.008, respectively). FD patients with impaired proximal relaxation (46%) had a larger increase in distal gastric volume (p= 0.008) and higher fullness sensations (p= 0.027) compared to FD patients with normal proximal relaxation. Fullness was related to distal gastric volume in both GERD patients and healthy controls (r= 0.761, p < 0.001 and r= 0.674, p= 0.001, respectively). In FD patients this relationship was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired proximal gastric volume change after ingestion of a nutrient drink is associated with a larger distal gastric volume and increased fullness. In health and in GERD patients, the distal stomach is important in the regulation of fullness. However, in FD patients with normal or altered gastric volume distribution, this relationship is disturbed, implying that other causes are involved in the excessive generation of fullness.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Lelyveld
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scheffer
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mundt
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samsom
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography