title: Narrative review: drug-eluting stents for the management of restenosis: a critical appraisal of the evidence.
abstract: Interventional cardiologists have quickly replaced bare metal stents with intravascular drug-eluting stents for treating and preventing restenosis, largely on the basis of empirical evidence that shows profound reduction in angiographic and clinical restenosis. A critical reassessment of the published evidence, however, suggests that the putative superiority of intravascular drug-eluting stents is founded on questionable premises, including 1) overestimation of restenosis benefit, 2) underestimation of the risk for stent thrombosis, 3) overreliance on "soft" rather than "hard" outcomes (need for repeated revascularization vs. death or myocardial infarction), and 4) the attendant overestimation of cost-effectiveness. Because the long-term incremental risks, benefits, and costs of drug-eluting stents have not yet been optimally evaluated in a broad spectrum of patient and lesion cohorts, the rational role of these devices in clinical management warrants reappraisal.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, and University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Prediman K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011859:Radiography; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017239:Paclitaxel; D020123:Sirolimus