title: Involvement of nitric oxide in light-mediated greening of barley seedlings.
abstract: When seedlings are grown in the dark, proplastids of the developing leaf differentiate into etioplasts. Greening of etiolated plastids is stimulated by light, which is sensed by various types of photoreceptors. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a bioactive molecule that could take part in this light-mediated process in plants. In this paper, we show that emission of NO in barley seedlings increased concomitantly with increasing activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) during the greening. Treatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, increased the accumulation of chlorophyll contents, enhanced the accumulation of thylakoid membrane proteins, such as light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) and PSIA/B, and then improved the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) (Phi(PSII)) in the light. Instead, treatment with either NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramentylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-xide (PTIO) or NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) retarded the greening of etiolated-seedlings. Moreover, sodium ferrocyanide, an analog of SNP, nitrite and nitrate, two NO-decomposition products did not have any effect on the greening process. These results indicated that NO, as an endogenous signaling molecule, participates in light-mediated greening of barley seedlings, and exogenous NO accelerates this process.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. zhanglixin@lzu.edu,cn
authors.forename: Lingang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yading
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Suyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004579:Electron Transport; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001467:Hordeum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018087:Plastids / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D005295:Ferrocyanides; D007093:Imidazoles; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D045331:Photosystem I Protein Complex; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D009599:Nitroprusside; C079391:2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase