title: Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with tuberculosis in Indonesia.
abstract: METHODS
  Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), but no studies have been reported from South-East Asia, which has a high burden of TB and a rapidly growing prevalence of diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine if and to what extent diabetes is associated with an increased risk of TB in an urban setting in Indonesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study comparing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (fasting blood glucose level >126 mg/dl) among newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients and matched neighbourhood controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients and control subjects had a similar age (median 30 years) and sex distribution (52% male), but malnutrition was more common among TB patients (median body mass index 17.7 vs. 21.5 kg/m2). HIV infection was uncommon (1.5% of patients). Diabetes mellitus was present in 60 of 454 TB patients (13.2%) and 18 of 556 (3.2%) control subjects (OR 4.7; 95%CI 2.7-8.1). Adjustment for possible confounding factors did not reduce the risk estimates. Following anti-tuberculosis treatment, hyperglycaemia reverted in a minority (3.7%) of TB patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with TB in young and non-obese subjects in an urban setting in Indonesia. This may have implications for TB control and patient care in this region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alisjahbana
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Crevel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahiratmadja
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: den Heijer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Istriana
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Danusantoso
authors.forename: T H M
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ottenhoff
authors.forename: R H H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Nelwan
authors.forename: J W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*