title: Airsacculitis in fourteen juvenile southern Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Airsacculitis is a clinical condition which has been reported in a range of primates species, including orangutans.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report describes the occurence and management of airsacculitis in fourteen juvenile Southern Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) that presented beween January 1st 1999 and January 31st 2001 at the Orangutan Care Center and Quarantine (OCC&Q), Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia (S 2 degrees 43' 49.2"; E 111 degrees 38' 54.2"). Details of the signalment, clinical history, presenting clinical signs, clinicopathological findings and bacterial isolates in each case were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cough, halitosis and nasal discharge were the most frequently observed clinical signs. A range of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from infected air sacs, including Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A simple drainage and lavage technique was used in cases where surgical intervention was indicated, in combination with local and systemic antibiotic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The importance of early diagnosis, prompt management and antibiotic selection, based on bacterial culture and sensitivity profiles, is outlined.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK. becki.lawson@ioz.ac.uk
authors.forename: Becki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garriga
authors.forename: Biruté M F
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Galdikas
mesh_terms: D000400:Air Sacs / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001893:Borneo; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011148:Pongo pygmaeus; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012189:Retrospective Studies