title: A role for erythropoietin in the attenuation of radiocontrast-induced acute renal failure in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiocontrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains an important iatrogenic cause of acute renal failure in high-risk patients, despite the development of safer contrast media, the improvement of hydration protocols, and the introduction of additional preventive strategies. Erythropoietin (EPO) pretreatment may confer protection against acute renal failure through the induction of stress response genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of EPO has been evaluated in a rat model of CIN, induced by iothalamate, following the inhibition of nitric oxide- and prostaglandin-synthesis with indomethacin and N(omega) nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Twenty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to saline (CTR) or EPO injections (3000 U/kg and 600 U/kg, 24 and 2 h before the induction of CIN, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The decline in creatinine clearance in CTR animals from 0.38 +/- 0.03 to 0.28 +/- 0.03 mL/min/100 g (p < 0.005), was prevented by EPO pretreatment (from 0.34 +/- 0.02 to 0.32 +/- 0.03 mL/min/100 g, NS). The extent of medullary thick ascending limb- and S3-tubular damage in the outer medulla, however, was comparable in the two experimental groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPO pretreatment prevents renal dysfunction in a rat model of CIN. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to confirm these preliminary conclusions regarding a potential protective potency of EPO against CIN.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Bikur Holim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: Shina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahuva
authors.forename: Seymour
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Samuel N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Heyman
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D014508:Urea; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D011188:Potassium