title: Gait deviations of patients with diabetes mellitus: looking beyond peripheral neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to define the gait deviations in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), to investigate the associations between electrophysiological findings and gait characteristics, and to interpret the findings in preventive and therapeutic rehabilitation protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six patients with DM and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled into this controlled study. Electrophysiological studies and computerized gait analysis were performed. Gait deviations of DM patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) (n=20), without diabetic peripheral neuropathy (NDPN) (n=26) and healthy control subjects (C) (n=20) were compared, and associations between electrophysiological findings and gait characteristics were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NDPN, but not DPN, group revealed slower gait, shorter steps, limited knee and ankle mobility, lower ankle plantar flexor moment and power than C group, and the difference was statistically significant. HbA1c levels and F-wave latency were significantly correlated with ankle mobility, peak ankle plantar flexion moment and power.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuropathy may not be the only reason for gait deviations in DM patients. Considering the spectrum of hyperglycemic complications including the mechanical characteristics of bones, muscles and soft tissues, patients with DM should start mobility and strengthening exercises in early stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. gunesyavuzer@hotmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yavuzer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Toruner
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bolukbasi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric