title: Angiotensin II antagonists: clinical experience in the treatment of hypertension, prevention of cardiovascular outcomes and renal protection in diabetic nephropathy and proteinuria.
abstract: Angiotensin II antagonists (AIIAs) were introduced to treat hypertension about 10 years ago. During this period they were evaluated not only in terms of efficacy and safety but also in several large studies with clinical outcomes. They are efficacious in all clinical forms of hypertension and are effective also in all ethnic groups. Cardiovascular and renal protection in proteinuric diabetic nephropathy beyond blood pressure reduction was proved in major clinical studies: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE), Reduction of Endpoint in Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus with the AII Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) and Irbesartan Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT). Their blood pressure independent protective effect is also mentioned by the blockade of AT1 receptor. As a class AIIs have a tolerability profile similar to placebo.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, Fundação Oswaldo Ramos, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. artur.ribeiro@hrim.com.br
authors.forename: Artur Beltrame
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Haralambos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gavras
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077405:Irbesartan; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000077405:Irbesartan; D019808:Losartan