title: Identification of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase responsible for the glucuronidation of niflumic acid in human liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isozymes involved in the glucuronidation of niflumic acid in human liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  The glucuronidation activity of niflumic acid was determined in liver microsomes and recombinant UGT isozymes by incubation of niflumic acid with UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of niflumic acid with liver microsomes and UDPGA produced one peak, which was identified as a glucuronide from mass spectrometric analysis. A study involving a panel of recombinant human UGT isozymes showed that glucuronidation activity was highest in UGT1A1 among the isozymes investigated. The glucuronidation in human liver microsomes (HLMs) followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km value of 16 microM, which is similar to that found with recombinant UGT1A1. The glucuronidation activity of niflumic acid in microsomes from eight human livers significantly correlated with UGT1A1-catalyzed estradiol 3beta-glucuronidation activity (r=0.78, p<0.05). Beta-estradiol inhibited niflumic acid glucuronidation with an IC50 of 25 microM in HLMs, comparable to that for UGT1A1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that UGT1A1 is the main isozyme involved in the glucuronidation of niflumic acid in the human liver.
authors.affiliation: Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc, 1-8, Azusawa 1-Chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-8511, Japan. yuuji.mano@jp.astellas.com
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamimura
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D020719:Glucuronides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009544:Niflumic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014535:Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004958:Estradiol; D020719:Glucuronides; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009544:Niflumic Acid; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014535:Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid; D000099148:UGT1A1 Enzyme