title: Hernias are the most common cause of strangulation in patients presenting with small bowel obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a leading cause of admission to surgical emergency units. Strangulation is associated with a 10-fold increase in mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify the most frequent causes of strangulation in patients presenting with small bowel obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted of all patients presenting with SBO in one teaching hospital between 2003 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and sixty-one patients with symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction were admitted. Eighty-three were confirmed with contrast studies. The male:female ratio was 1:1.6. The aetiology of obstruction was adhesions in 97 patients (60.2%), hernia in 29 (18%), malignancy in 17 (10.6%) and miscellaneous causes in 18 (11.2%). Operative procedures were performed on 74 patients (46%), 31 of them (42%) with adhesions, 25 (34%) with hernias and 18 (24%) due to other causes. Strangulated bowel occurred in 15 patients (9.3%); 12 had hernias whilst three had adhesions (P < 0.0001). Of the strangulated hernias, ten were femoral, one was inguinal and one was paraumbilical. There were seven deaths; three occurred in patients declared unfit for surgery, while four occurred post-operatively - two had strangulated bowel, the other two had advanced cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst adhesions are the most common cause of small bowel obstruction, hernias remain the most frequent cause of strangulation in patients presenting with this condition.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary, Dumbarton Road, Glasgow, G11 6NT, UK. ugoihedioha@hotmail.com
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ihedioha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Modak
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006547:Hernia / Q000150:complications*; D046449:Hernia, Abdominal / Q000150:complications; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000267:Tissue Adhesions