title: [Cefepime as an empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia in patients after high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Febrile neutropenia is one of the most frequent complications in intensively treated hematooncological patients and almost inevitably occurs after high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment is indicated in the initial management. Fourth-generation cephalosporins are the option. This retrospective study was initiated to assess efficacy and safety of cefepime as an empiric therapy of febrile neutropenia following high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  319 high dose therapy procedures with autologous stem cell transplantation in 287 patients mostly with hematological malignancies were performed at our department between January 2002 and December 2005. We present analysis of 169 out of 229 febrile episodes in 163 patients (median age 53) being treated with cefepime in the initial empiric treatment of febrile neutropenia. 12 episodes (7.1 %) were clinically documented (pneumonia 9, sinusitis 2, acute cholecystitis 1), 60 (35.5 %) were confirmed microbiologically (presented as bacteremia) and 97 (57.4 %) were fever of unknown origin. 50 isolates (83.4 %) out of 60 microbiologically documented infections were G-positive bacteria, 8 isolates (13.3 %) were G-negative bacteria and 2 (3.3 %) were mixed G-positive and G-negative cultures. According to the MASCC score 14 episodes were assessed as high risk. Effect of cefepime as a single agent was observed in 85 episodes (50.3 %) and in 22 (13.0 %) episodes treated with combination therapy due to susceptibility of isolated pathogen in blood culture. Combination therapy of two antibiotics (cefepime + aminoglycoside or glycopeptide) given for persistent fever was effective in 13 patients (7.7 %). Treatment failure was observed in 48 (28.4 %) episodes, we registered 10 death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapy with cefepime represents an appropriate choice for empiric antibiotic treatment of febrile neutropenia in hematooncological patients. Cefepime demonstrates clinical safety and efficacy and can be used in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs (overall response 72.2 %, as a single agent 50.3 %).
authors.affiliation: I interní klinika 1 LF UK a VFN, Praha. zikesovae@seznam.cz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zikesoá
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hnátková
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vacková
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jedlicková
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klener
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trnený
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D000077723:Cefepime; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D000077723:Cefepime