title: Reduction of flatus-inducing factors in soymilk by immobilized alpha-galactosidase.
abstract: Alpha-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae was immobilized on chitosan beads using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linking agent. The general properties of free and immobilized enzymes were determined. The optimum pH for the free and immobilized enzymes was 4.8 and 4.6 respectively. The optimum temperature for the free enzyme was 50 degrees C, whereas that of immobilized enzyme was increased to 56 degrees C. Kinetic parameters were determined with synthetic substrate (p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside) and raffinose. Immobilized enzyme showed a higher Km and a lower Vmax than the free enzyme. The immobilized enzymes were used in batch, repeated and continuous mode. A level of 92% hydrolysis was observed at a flow rate of 60 ml/h. The immobilized enzyme was used repeatedly ten times without any change in the performance of the immobilized enzyme in fluidized-bed reactor. The results obtained are of considerable interest for industrial purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga-585 106, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Dhananjay S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Shankar S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kapanoor
authors.forename: Kotiguda
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Girigouda
authors.forename: Naganagouda V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Kote
authors.forename: Veerappa H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Mulimani
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology*; D048271:Chitosan; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005414:Flatulence / Q000378:metabolism*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009598:Nitrophenylgalactosides / Q000737:chemistry; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D041942:Soy Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D009598:Nitrophenylgalactosides; C059200:4-nitrophenylgalactoside; D048271:Chitosan; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase; D005976:Glutaral