title: Blood pressure and heart rate changes during fibreoptic orotracheal intubation: a comparison of children and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autonomic circulatory regulation and airway anatomy in children are significantly different from those in adults. There is no available published data to compare whether there is a clinically relevant difference in the haemodynamic responses to fibreoptic orotracheal intubation (FOI) under the same conditions between children and adults. In this randomized clinical study, we compared the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes during FOI in 40 children aged 3.5-9 yr and 40 adults aged 21-57 yr, ASA 1 scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anaesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (i.v.) injection of fentanyl and propofol, and face mask inhalation of isoflurane before FOI. Noninvasive BP and HR were recorded before induction (baseline values), after induction (postinduction values), at intubation and for 5 min after intubation at 1-min intervals. The percentage changes of BP and HR at each time point were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In children and adults, HR at intubation and 1-3 min after intubation were significantly higher than baseline and postinduction values. In adults, BP at intubation increased significantly compared to the postinduction values but did not exceed baseline values. In children, BP at intubation and 1 min after intubation were significantly higher than postinduction and baseline values. As compared to adults, FOI caused a more significant pressor response in children. The percentage changes of BP at intubation and 1 min after intubation were larger in children than in adults. However, there was no significant difference in the percentage change of HR during the observation between children and adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under general anaesthesia, FOI might cause a more significant pressor response in children than in adults.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Department of Anaesthesiology, Beijing, People's Republic of China. fruitxue@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001980:Bronchi; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007440:Intubation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged