title: Efficacy of computer-assited surgery in secondary orbital reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study the efficacy of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) used for secondary orbital reconstruction after midfacial fractures was evaluated, comparing the clinical outcome with that after conventional surgery (CS). Special consideration was given to whether CAS can reduce the number of secondary corrections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients (24 orbits; 12 in each group) were assessed for enophthalmos, diplopia, and aesthetics during a follow-up period of up to 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After CAS, enophthalmos was fully corrected in 8 of 11 orbits but after CS in only 6 of 10 orbits. Improvement of diplopia was achieved in 1 of 7 (CAS) and in 3 of 4 (CS) patients. The aesthetic result after secondary reconstruction and additional surgery was better in the CAS group. Additional surgery to correct bony structures was only necessary in 3 patients of the CS group. Additional soft tissue surgery was necessary in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAS can improve the clinical outcome of reconstructive bone surgery reducing the amount of additional hard tissue procedures. It was helpful during dissection of the scarred orbital tissue and placement of a graft. However, it had no impact on soft tissue correction especially with respect to function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Germany. guenter.lauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Winnie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pradel
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eckelt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004172:Diplopia / Q000601:surgery*; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery