title: [Clinical analysis for iatrogenic injuries in the distal part of common bile duct].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the early diagnosis on iatrogenic injuries in distal part of common bile duct and the prevention of severe retroperitoneal infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1990 to 2004, 17 patients with bile duct injures in the distal part of common biliary tract were admitted. And the clinical data of the 17 cases were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 17 cases, the injuries of 15 cases were caused by the operation, and the injuries of the other 2 cases were caused in the process of removing the stone by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The injuries of 14 cases were found during the operation, but the other one was not found in time. Before the operation, 16 cases were examined by B-type ultrasonography, 2 by MRCP and 6 by intraoperative choledocho-endoscope after the biliary tract exploration. Ten cases underwent perforating suture repair and T-tube drainage; 2 with Odd's sphincter incision and shaping; 2 with choledochojejunostomy; 1 with duodenum wall and bile duct repair and drainage. When the bile duct injured, the major findings during operation were bile duct explorer located out of the duodenum wall and bile duct, two or more than cleft in the distal part of common biliary tract found by choledocho-endoscopic examination, retroperitoneal edema and liquid accumulation found by irrigating water through T-tube, and/or retroperitoneal tissues stained blue by irrigating methylthioninium chloride through T-tube. The clinical manifestations after injuries were abdominal distention, abdominal pain, pain in the waist and back, fever and shock, et al. Thirteen cases were cured. And the syndromes included 1 case with intestinal fistula, 1 with incisional infection, 4 dead (3 died from infectious shock; 1 from bleeding in gastrectomy).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The postoperative clinical manifestations for iatrogenic injuries in the distal part of common biliary tract lack specificity, CT examinations are necessary to doubtful patients. Early diagnosis and timely management can obtain better results, and can effectively lower severe retroperitoneal infection. The perfect preoperative imaging examinations and intraoperative choledocho-endoscopic examinations before the biliary tract exploration maybe reduce iatrogenic injuries in the distal part of common biliary tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. quxc2000@public.wh.hb.cn
authors.forename: Xin-cai
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Qi-chang
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Guo-bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ji-liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shao-bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies