title: Electrochemically programmed release of biomolecules and nanoparticles.
abstract: The controlled release of molecules or nanoparticle conjugates is an important tool for a wide range of applications in science and engineering. Here we demonstrate electrochemically programmed release of biomolecules and nanoparticles immobilized on patterned gold electrodes using the thiol-gold linkage. This technique exploits the reductive desorption of self-assembled monolayers and allows both spatially controlled release and regeneration of small molecules (e.g., drugs), biopolymers (e.g., peptides, proteins, DNA), protein assemblies (e.g., viruses), and nanoparticles (e.g., particle-DNA conjugates). Fluorescence microscopy is used to image the release of avidin and nanoparticles in phosphate-buffered saline and to determine the kinetics of desorption. We also demonstrate that the electrodes can be regenerated using the same conjugation scheme.
authors.affiliation: The Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.forename: Nirveek
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjee
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Searson
mesh_terms: D001360:Avidin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D008422:Materials Testing; D008839:Microelectrodes; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D001360:Avidin