title: Multimodal imaging analysis of tumor progression and bone resorption in a murine cancer model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the use of multimodal imaging to qualitatively and quantitatively measure tumor progression and bone resorption in a xenotransplanted tumor model of human neuroblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human neuroblastoma cells expressing a luciferase reporter gene were injected into the femur of nu/nu mice. Tumor progression with and without zoledronic acid treatment was monitored using radiographs, D-luciferin-induced luminescence, micro-computer tomography (CT) and micro-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a gradual increase in D-luciferin-based bioluminescence concomitant with detectable osteolytic lesions. Tumor growth was inhibited (P=0.003-0.07) with zoledronic acid treatment. Micro-CT analysis in vivo provided a method to quantify bone loss, and its prevention by zoledronic acid. High-resolution MRI images allowed the observation of tumor cells within the bone marrow cavity, as well as distant metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multimodal imaging allows to measure tumor growth and bone resorption simultaneously in vivo and also proved useful in the detection distant metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California and the Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Mouchess
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sohara
authors.forename: Marvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Yves A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: DeCLerck
authors.forename: Rex A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Moats
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D008156:Luciferases