title: 6-N,N-dimethylamino-2,3-naphthalimide: a new environment-sensitive fluorescent probe in delta- and mu-selective opioid peptides.
abstract: A new environment-sensitive fluorophore, 6-N,N-(dimethylamino)-2,3-naphthalimide (6DMN) was introduced in the delta-selective opioid peptide agonist H-Dmt-Tic-Glu-NH(2) and in the mu-selective opioid peptide agonist endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)). Environment-sensitive fluorophores are a special class of chromophores that generally exhibit a low quantum yield in aqueous solution but become highly fluorescent in nonpolar solvents or when bound to hydrophobic sites in proteins or membranes. New fluorescent delta-selective irreversible antagonists (H-Dmt-Tic-Glu-NH-(CH(2))(5)-CO-Dap(6DMN)-NH(2) (1) and H-Dmt-Tic-Glu-Dap(6DMN)-NH(2) (2)) were identified as potential fluorescent probes showing good properties for use in studies of distribution and internalization of delta receptors by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Organica y Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M Eugenio
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Severo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trapella
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Argazzi
authors.forename: Sharon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Yunden
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jinsmaa
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lattanzi
authors.forename: Mariantonella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colucci
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balboni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007094:Imides / Q000737:chemistry*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D053644:Naphthalimides; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C512078:2',6'-dimethyltyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid-glutamamide; C499819:6-N,N-dimethylamino-2,3-naphthalimide; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007094:Imides; D009281:Naphthalenes; D053644:Naphthalimides; D009842:Oligopeptides; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C105294:endomorphin 2