title: Proline-directed protein kinase FA is a powerful and independent prognostic predictor for progression and patient survival of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Molecular, cellular, and animal studies have established that overexpressed proline-directed protein kinase F(A) (PDPK F(A)) is essential for the development of tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis of human cancer cells. However, the prognostic role of PDPK F(A) in cancer patients remains largely unknown. In this study, association of PDPK F(A) expression with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDPK F(A) expression in the resected tumors of 134 HCC patients (112 men and 22 women) with ages ranging from 33 to 83 years (mean, 55 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Highly condensed cytoplasmic and nuclear PDPK F(A) associated with tumor cells was used as the major scoring parameter for positive PDPK F(A) expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 68% of the patients (91 of 134) exhibited positive PDPK F(A) expression. Patients with positive PDPK F(A) showed poorer disease-free survival and overall survival (P < .001). Cox multivariate regression analysis further established PDPK F(A) as the strongest independent prognosticator for progression and patient survival of HCC (hazard ratio [HR], 2.878; 95% CI, 1.634 to 5.067 for disease-free survival; and HR, 5.035; 95% CI, 2.137 to 11.866 for overall survival; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with PDPK F(A)'s essential role in the development of highly malignant phenotypes, the present study establishes the potential prognostic role of PDPK F(A) in progression and patient survival of surgically resected primary HCC. Taken together, PDPK F(A) represents a new modifiable signal-transducing target for prognostic prediction and adjuvant treatment of patients with aggressive HCC after hepatic resection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Hsiao-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Yung-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: Po-Huang
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shiaw-Der
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000601:surgery; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1