title: Use of provider delivered complementary and alternative therapies in Hawai'i: results of the Hawai'i Health Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Provider delivered complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used increasingly as a treatment option. Nevertheless, data related to the prevalence of provider delivered CAM (or PDCAM) use in diverse racial and ethnic populations is limited. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the use of provider delivered CAM in Hawaiian, Asian, and other Pacific Island populations in Hawai'i. The investigation was undertaken to test the hypothesis that a significant difference existed in the use of provider delivered CAM in Hawai'i because of the cultural diversity existing within the population.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were collected through the Hawai'i Health Survey (HHS). The HHS was administered by telephone among 5,000 stratified, randomly selected households, representing each of the Hawaiian Islands. Data were collected on all members of sample households. The sample population was statistically adjusted to represent the population of Hawai'i.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several factors emerged that may indicate increased use of provider delivered CAM. Most provider delivered CAM users are more educated, have incomes 200% or more above the poverty line, and reported either good or very good health status. Among respondents with poor health status, 60.4% have used provider delivered CAM. Those with a body mass index indicating that they were overweight also reported a high level of provider delivered CAM use (51.4%). Similar percentages of both women and men use provider delivered CAM, while the youngest and oldest respondents reported the least use of provider delivered CAM. Whites (60.0%) and Koreans (56.6%) reported the highest percentage of use of provider delivered CAM, while African Americans (35.5%) and Filipinos (37. 1%) reported the lowest percentage. The majority of people without health insurance report provider delivered CAM use (53. 7%). The highest portion of people who have usedanyalternative health care service is found among those whose pain severely interferes with normal work (78.3%). CONCLUSIONS The use of provider delivered CAM was found to be significantly greater in Hawaii compared with the mainland. Our results suggest the need for additional investigation of provider delivered CAM use in specific ethnic subpopulations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, 651 Ilalo Street, MEB Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. harrigan@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Rosanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harrigan
authors.forename: Nnenna
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mbabuike
authors.forename: Jimmy Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Efird
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Easa
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Zoë
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hammatt
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: T Samuel
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shomaker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*