Oxygen sensors in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is an essential mechanism adapting lung perfusion to regional ventilation. Perturbations to HPV, such as those occurring in pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and liver failure, can result in arterial hypoxemia. Under conditions of general hypoxia, HPV increases pulmonary vascular resistance and thus causes acute pulmonary hypertension. Despite intensive research, the underlying mechanisms of HPV have not been fully elucidated. Deciphering signalling pathways that result in HPV could suggest novel approaches to address a failure of HPV, as well as for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with HPV. Within this context, this review focuses on current concepts in the oxygen sensing mechanisms that underlie HPV.
Weissmann
Norbert
N
University of Giessen Lung Center (UGLC), Medical Clinic II, Justus-Liebig-University, Germany. Norbert.Weissmann@UGLC.de
Sommer
Natascha
N
Schermuly
Ralph Theo
RT
Ghofrani
Hossein Ardeschir
HA
Seeger
Werner
W
Grimminger
Friedrich
F
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C105245:heme oxygenase-2; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium