The bacterial twin-arginine translocation pathway.
The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway is responsible for the export of folded proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. Substrates for the Tat pathway include redox enzymes requiring cofactor insertion in the cytoplasm, multimeric proteins that have to assemble into a complex prior to export, certain membrane proteins, and proteins whose folding is incompatible with Sec export. These proteins are involved in a diverse range of cellular activities including anaerobic metabolism, cell envelope biogenesis, metal acquisition and detoxification, and virulence. The Escherichia coli translocase consists of the TatA, TatB, and TatC proteins, but little is known about the precise sequence of events that leads to protein translocation, the energetic requirements, or the mechanism that prevents the export of misfolded proteins. Owing to the unique characteristics of the pathway, it holds promise for biotechnological applications.
Lee
Philip A
PA
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0231, USA. philipl@che.utexas.edu
Tullman-Ercek
Danielle
D
Georgiou
George
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D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001709:Biotechnology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017510:Protein Folding; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D021381:Protein Transport; D011786:Quality Control
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; C473116:TatB protein, E coli; C461379:TatC protein, E coli; C408585:twin-arginine translocase complex, E coli