title: Raltitrexed plus levofolinic acid and bolus/continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil on a biweekly schedule for elderly patients with advanced colorectal carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the raltitrexed/5-fluorouracil/levofolinic acid combination regimen as first-line chemotherapy for elderly patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer received raltitrexed 2 mg/m(2) i.v. plus levofolinic acid and 5-fluorouracil according to the De Gramont' schedule given every 2 weeks as first-line chemotherapy. Patients were re-evaluated after six cycles and chemotherapy was continued up to tolerance or disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients aged >/=65 years were accrued from 11 centers between September 2001 and July 2002. According to the intention-to-treat analysis, the overall response rate was 35% (95% CI 29.5% to 40.5%) including one complete response (1%) and 24 partial responses (34%). Twenty patients (31%) showed a stabilization of disease for a tumor growth control rate of 64% (95% CI 57% to 71%). The median overall survival was 12.5 months and the median time to disease progression was 6.5 months. No toxic deaths or allergic reaction were recorded. Grade 4 toxicities were non-existent. The main hematological toxicity was grade 3 neutropenia, which occurred in 9% of patients, and grade 3 anemia in only one case, while no case of graded 3 thrombocytopenia was observed. Grade 3 non-hematological toxicities were asthenia (11%), transient increase of transaminases (10%) and diarrhea (4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that the raltitrexed/5-fluorouracil/levolofinic acid combination is an effective and well tolerated regimen for the treatment of elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Its ease of administration and patient's tolerance warrant further investigation over 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid regimens.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Units of the: Department of Experimental Oncology and Clinical Applications, University of Palermo, Italy. vittorio.gebbia@tin.it
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gebbia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verderame
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferraù
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bordonaro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Callari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tirrito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Valenza
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borsellino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tralongo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D011799:Quinazolines; D013876:Thiophenes; C068874:raltitrexed; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil