title: Identifying expressions of pleasure and displeasure by persons with profound and multiple disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to explore a procedure for drafting individualised profiles of how people with profound multiple disabilities express pleasure and displeasure.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 6 participants with profound multiple disabilities. The procedure involved an observational analysis of videotaped critical incidents by a researcher and a questionnaire for parents and support workers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure is useful for making an individualised profile of the ways a person with profound multiple disabilities expresses his/her pleasure and displeasure. Despite the significant correlation between parents, support workers and the researcher, each has a complementary contribution to make in identifying affective expressions. People with profound multiple disabilities especially use sounds and facial expressions to express pleasure and displeasure and positive or negative moods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The procedure may be useful in services or schools for learning more about the affective communication of these individuals, to determine their specific interests, and to evaluate the effects of living and support characteristics on their wellbeing.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disability, University of Leuven, Belgium. Katja.Petry@ped.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petry
authors.forename: Bea
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009633:Nonverbal Communication; D015588:Observer Variation; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D019989:Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D014741:Video Recording