title: Urgent abdominal re-explorations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment of a number of complications that occur after abdominal surgeries may require that Urgent Abdominal Re-explorations (UARs), the life-saving and obligatory operations, are performed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reasons for performing UARs, outcomes of relaparotomies (RLs) and factors that affect mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic characteristics; initial diagnoses; information from and complications of the first surgery received; durations and outcomes of UAR(s) performed in patients who received early RLs because of complicated abdominal surgeries in our clinic between 01.01.2000 and 31.12.2004 were investigated retrospectively. Statistical analyses were done using the chi-square and Fisher exact tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early UAR was performed in 81 out of 4410 cases (1.8%). Average patient age was 50.46 (13-81) years with a male-to-female ratio of 60/21. Fifty one (62.96%) patients had infection, 41 (50.61%) of them had an accompanying serious disease, 24 (29.62%) of them had various tumors and 57 (70.37%) patients were operated under emergency conditions during first operation. Causes of urgent abdominal re-explorations were as follows: leakage from intestinal repair site or from anostomosis (n:34; 41.97%); hemorrhage (n:15; 18.51%); intestinal perforation (n:8; 9.87%); intraabdominal infection or abscess (n:8; 9.87%); progressive intestinal necrosis (n:7; 8.64%); stomal complications (n:5; 6.17%); and postoperative ileus (n:4; 4.93%). Two or more UARs were performed in 18 (22.22%) cases, and overall mortality was 34.97% (n:30). Interval between the first laparotomy and UAR averaged as 6.95 (1-20) days, and average hospitalization period was 27.1 (3-78) days.Mortality rate was found to be higher among the patients who received multiple UARs. The most common (55.5%) cause of mortality was sepsis/multiple organ failure (MOF). The rates for common mortality and sepsis/MOF-dependent mortality that occured following UAR were significantly higher in patients who received GIS surgery than in those who received other types of surgeries (p:0.000 and 0.010, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UARs that are performed following complicated abdominal surgeries have high mortality rates. In particular, UARs have higher mortality rates following GIS surgeries or when infectious complications occur. The possibility of efficiently lowering these high rates depends on the success of the first operations that the patient had received.
authors.affiliation: General Surgeon, Department of General Surgery, 4th General Surgery Clinic, Izmir Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. drhru@mynet.com.
authors.forename: Haluk Recai
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Unalp
authors.forename: Erdinc
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kamer
authors.forename: Haldun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kar
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peskersoy
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali Onal