title: A prospective study of same day bi-directional endoscopy in the evaluation of patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies show conflicting results in the diagnostic yield of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and colonoscopy (bi-directional) in identifying potential bleeding sources (PBS) in patients investigated for occult gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic yield of bi-directional endoscopy in patients presenting with OGIB and to assess the factors predictive of a positive yield.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with OGIB referred to the gastroenterology unit were prospectively included in the study. Colonoscopy was immediately followed by OGD. Predetermined criteria for the diagnosis of a PBS were used. Potential clinical factors predictive of positive yield were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 219 patients (mean age 65 years, 34% M), 110 (50%) had at least one PBS. Colonoscopy revealed 87 PBS in 73 patients (33%), the most common being adenoma. OGD detected 49 PBS in 48 patients (22%), gastric ulcer being the most common. Of the patients with PBS at OGD, 23% also had a PBS at colonoscopy, including 3 patients with colonic cancers. Patients presenting with either a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT) or iron-deficiency anaemia (IDA) only had a significantly lower yield for PBS than patients with combined positive FOBT and IDA. The percentages of patients with a PBS increased substantially with age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PBS was found in only 50% of the patients. Colonoscopy had a slightly higher diagnostic yield, and as expected, resulted in a significantly higher cancer detection rate than OGD. In older patients, colonoscopy should be done irrespective of the findings at OGD. Gastrointestinal-specific symptoms and the use of ASA/NSAIDs were not predictive in finding or localizing PBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, PO Box 23, Vinderen, NO-0319 Oslo, Norway. njaalstray@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Njaal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stray
authors.forename: Ragnar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009780:Occult Blood; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin