title: Long-term results of maximally aggressive trimodality therapy in a high-risk subset of early-stage cervical cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term survival and treatment-related morbidity associated with treating patients who have early-stage cervical carcinoma metastatic to the paraaortic lymph nodes with radical hysterectomy, pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy, and adjuvant, extended field chemoradiation with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1988 to 1997, 14 consecutive patients referred to Radiological Associates of Sacramento following radical hysterectomy and pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy with findings of clinical stage IB or IIA cervical cancer and histologically confirmed lymph node metastasis to the common iliac or paraaortic distributions were treated with adjuvant, extended field chemoradiation utilizing prolonged infusion 5-FU and bolus cisplatin. Retrospective chart review was performed, and survival and morbidity information were analyzed. Recurrence was assessed among patients based on age, race, total number of nodes involved, gross vs. microscopic nodal involvement, squamous vs. nonsquamous tumor histology, time to initiation of adjuvant treatment and time required to complete that treatment. Calculated 5-year survival, mean survival, morbidity type and incidence are reported for the group as a whole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calculated 5-year survival of patients in this series was 38% by life table analysis. Median survival was 4.4 years; 50% of patients had a recurrence. None of the examined parameters were significant predictors of recurrence. There was 1 treatment-related death and a second case of severe treatment-related morbidity (radiation enteritis requiring colostomy and bilateral ureteral stenosis requiring bilateral nephrostomies). There were 6 cases of minor treatment-related toxicity occurring in 5 of 14 (36%) treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, survival in the current series of patients was akin to that in clinically similar patients treated with chemoradiation alone. Morbidity among our patients was significant. In the presence of positive paraaortic lymph nodes there were no independent predictors of recurrence among the pathologic or treatment parameters examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, USA. kevinselliott@aol.com
authors.forename: Kevin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Borowsky
authors.forename: Edmond S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Malka
authors.forename: Sidney A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Scudder
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Leiserowitz
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil