title: Assessment of uncertainty in a probabilistic model of consumer exposure to pesticide residues in food.
abstract: The assessment of consumer exposure to pesticides is an important part of pesticide regulation. Probabilistic modelling allows analysis of uncertainty and variability in risk assessments. The output of any assessment will be influenced by the characteristics and uncertainty of the inputs, model structure and assumptions. While the use of probabilistic models is well established in the United States, in Europe problems of low acceptance, sparse data and lack of guidelines are slowing the development. The analyses in the current paper focused on the dietary pathway and the exposure of UK toddlers. Three single food, single pesticide case studies were used to parameterize a simple probabilistic model built in Crystal Ball. Data on dietary consumption patterns were extracted from National Diet and Nutrition Surveys, and levels of pesticide active ingredients in foods were collected from Pesticide Residues Committee monitoring. The effect of uncertainty on the exposure estimate was analysed using scenarios, reflecting different assumptions related to sources of uncertainty. The most influential uncertainty issue was the distribution type used to represent input variables. Other sources that most affected model output were non-detects, unit-to-unit variability and processing. Specifying correlation between variables was found to have little effect on exposure estimates. The findings have important implications for how probabilistic modelling should be conducted, communicated and used by policy and decision makers as part of consumer risk assessment of pesticides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Imperial College London, SW7 2BP, London, UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ferrier
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieuwenhuijsen
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boobis
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002748:Chlorpropham / Q000032:analysis; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis; D007223:Infant; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006540:Herbicides; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D002748:Chlorpropham; C017435:enilconazole; D004390:Chlorpyrifos