title: The oncogenic B-raf V599E mutation occurs more frequently in melanomas at sun-protected body sites.
abstract: Downstream of Ras, the serine/threonine kinase, B-raf, has recently been reported to be mutated, among other carcinomas, in a substantial subset of primary melanomas with a preponderance of the oncogenic V599E transition. As the risk of melanoma is enhanced by intermittent ultraviolet (UV) exposure but is less with chronic UV exposure, we here studied B-raf kinase domain (exon 15) mutations in primary cutaneous melanomas with respect to anatomical locations reflecting chronic versus intermittent UV exposure. Investigating a representative number of 101 primary melanoma resection specimens for the presence of mutations within the activation segment (exon 15) of the B-raf kinase domain by polymerase chain reaction and single-strand conformation polymorphism gel electrophoresis, followed by DNA cloning and sequencing, we found 32 cases (32%) which harbour somatic B-raf exon 15 mutations. As to the B-raf protein sequence, the V599E mutation was predicted in 66% of these positive melanomas, followed in frequency by the V599K transition (16%). Only two Cright curved arrow T transitions, considered to be induced by UV irradiation, occurred in two melanomas located on the head. Among 23 melanomas located at body sites with chronic UV exposure, only a single tumour harboured the B-raf V599E mutation (4%), which was a significantly lower frequency in comparison to melanomas from sun-protected body sites (26%; Fisher's exact test, p=0.038; odds ratio, 7.59). Our observation parallels the epidemiological data of intermittent sunlight exposure on unacclimatised skin increasing the risk of melanoma development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Heidelberg University Clinics, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany. martin_deichmann@web.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deichmann
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krahl
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thome
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wüst
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hassanzadeh
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Helmke
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf