title: Novel therapies for heart failure: focus on anti-inflammatory strategies.
abstract: The understanding of the pathomechanisms leading to heart failure has evolved from the simplistic pump-failure concept to the more complex syndrome involving neurohormonal and inflammatory systems. Anti-inflammatory therapy targeting specific cytokines, however, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, has failed to show clinical benefit. As a result, the focus has turned toward more broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory strategies. This review examines the various broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory modalities that have been used in heart failure: IV immunoglobulin administration, immune modulation therapy, immune adsorption, and plasmapheresis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Kumudha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramasubbu
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torre-Amione
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010956:Plasmapheresis
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007155:Immunologic Factors