title: Treatment approaches for developmentally absent second premolars.
abstract: This paper sets out to discuss the treatment options available for the management of patients with agenesis of second premolars. These include: retention of the deciduous molar, extraction followed by space closure, extraction and utilization of the space for the correction of malocclusion and extraction followed by restoration of the edentulous space.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital absence of second premolars is a common clinical problem faced by practitioners. Dentists should be aware of the treatment options when managing such cases.
authors.affiliation: UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Honorary Consultant Orthodontist, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Chaw Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kyi
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Tredwin
authors.forename: Farhad B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Naini
mesh_terms: D000848:Anodontia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001641:Bicuspid; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D019516:Orthodontic Space Closure / Q000379:methods; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous