title: Therapeutic transfusions of granulocytes collected by simple bag method for children with cancer and neutropenic infections: results of a single-centre pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Granulocyte transfusion therapy (GTX) can be effective for life-threatening infections unresponsive to conventional antimicrobial therapies in severely neutropenic children with cancer. We developed a new granulocyte collection method, named the 'bag method', in which apheresis, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or dexamethasone are not used. We undertook a pilot study to determine the feasibility and the safety of GTX collected by the bag method for children with cancer and life-threatening infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 GTX were administered to 13 patients (median age 3 years, range: 0.3-17; median weight 10.6 kg, range: 4.5-49.8) with neutropenia-related infections. Thirteen blood-relative donors received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (5-10 microg/kg), subcutaneously, 14 h before collection. Major end-points were granulocyte yields, post-transfusion absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) in patients, donor and patient safety, and clinical outcome on day 30.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median yield of ANC per 400 ml of processed whole blood was 6.2 x 10(9) (range: 2.5-15.0 x 10(9)). Patients received a mean of 6.4 +/- 0.8 x 10(8) granulocytes per kg of body weight per transfusion. The 1-h and 24-h post-transfusion ANC rose to 607 +/- 124/microl and 704 +/- 300/microl, respectively, from the baseline of 21/microl before the first GTX. Adverse reactions were observed in five of 13 donors (bone pain, headache, vasovagal reaction; all < or = grade 2) and in two of 25 transfusions of 13 patients (transient hypoxia; grade 3). Ten patients had favourable responses, and infection resolved in nine patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The bag method without apheresis relieves the physical load of donors and enables patients with a low body weight to provide an adequate dose of granulocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan. akikuta@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kikuta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D046148:Donor Selection; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D017708:Leukocyte Transfusion; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies