title: Cell death and DNA damage in peritoneal macrophages of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to inorganic lead.
abstract: Lead is a heavy metal of considerable environmental and occupational concern and there is growing evidence that it is toxic to the human immune system. In this regard, this study examined the effect of lead (Pb) exposure to peritoneal macrophages (Mvarphis) of mice (Mus musculus) cultivated in DMEM medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, in order to investigate cell damage related to cell death. Cells were exposed to two concentrations of inorganic lead [Pb(II)] for 4, 24 and 72h. Cell viability declined during the treatment, with responses including cell death, cellular damage and DNA damage. Cell death images were found in treated cells with an increase in Bax expression, but the inorganic lead failed to induce the loss of membrane asymmetry (Annexin V conjugates), suggesting that cell death was mainly due to necrosis induction. The effects of Pb(II) on the mechanisms of cell death is not completely understood, but the immunosuppression due to DNA damage and Mvarphis death is discussed here. We have previously shown the effect of inorganic lead in mitochondria and phagocytosis in Mvarphis, suggesting here a pathway for the effect of the metal on mechanisms of cell death, also discussing its effects on the immune system.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética-CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gargioni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Filipak Neto
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Buchi
authors.forename: M A F
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Randi
authors.forename: C R C
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Paludo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: M V M
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bussolaro
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Oliveira Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D007854:Lead / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008954:Models, Biological; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D007854:Lead