title: Hunchback sequence binding protein suppresses mouse TGF-beta3 promoter in vitro.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) has a specific role in vivo in the patterning of embryonic and tissue-specific gene expression. We have cloned and sequenced the mouse TGF-beta3 5'-flanking region to study the transcriptional regulation of this gene. Promoter fragments were cloned into a promoterless luciferase reporter plasmid to study functional activity in a human skin melanoma cell line A375 (A375). Sequential 5'-deletion encompassing DNA sequences from -2297 to -1003 bp exhibited high promoter activity in A375 cells, whereas the promoter activity decreased to minimal in the -742 to 104 bp regions, suggesting both positive and negative transcriptional regulation in the TGF-beta3 promoter. The fragment containing 1.8 kb had the highest luciferase activity. Characterization of this 1.8 kb 5'-flanking region upstream of the translation start site showed a putative hunchback-binding site consensus sequence. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transient transfection experiments showed that the putative hunchback-binding site is functional and regulated TGF-beta3 promoter transcriptional activity. The DNA-complex including the hunchback sequence binding protein (HbSBP) was important for suppression of the promoter activity in A375 cells. Mutation of the hunchback consensus sequence resulted in up to 2-fold higher promoter activity than the wild type construct. There was an absence of HbSBP in other cell lines tested including 3T3 fibroblast and B-16 mouse skin melanoma as determined by EMSA and Western blot analysis. HbSBP may function as a TGF-beta3 gene transcriptional regulator and may be expressed in a cell type-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Shuler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C509045:Tgfb3 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D004247:DNA