title: [Did a reform strategy in drug management improve doctors' prescribing habits in Montenegro: the example for the cardiovascular drugs].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comprehensive reform strategy in drug management has been applying for a few years in Montenegro in order to promote a rational use of drugs. The reform strategy covered: an information system named "The Control of Distribution and Use of Drugs", a new List of Essential Drugs (that are reimbursed by the Republic Fund for Health), legislative and regulatory measures in order to establish a better control of drug prescribing and more efficient processing of the prescriptions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the reform strategy on the doctors' prescribing habits and the subsequent use of cardiovascular drugs within the outpatient setting of Montenegro.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective-prospective pharmacoepidemiologic study included a sample of 100% of cardiovascular drugs that were taken with prescription from state pharmacies during 2000 and 2004. The results were presented by the number of defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day. All the drugs were classified according to the uniform anatomical-therapeutic-chemical (ATC) classification of the drugs. The Wilcoxon test for matched pairs was used in order to calculate the significance of difference in cardiovascular drugs utilization before and after the introduction of new measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although prescribing and the resulting outpatient use of cardiovascular drugs (ATC group C) that were reimbursed by the Republic Fund for Health was increased approximately by 13% in 2004 in comparison with 2000 (67.98 vs. 60.17 DDD/1000 inh./day), we did not find a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Prescribing of ACE inhibitors (C09A) increased approximately by 45% during the investigated period (15.30 vs. 22.17 DDD/1000 inh./day). The selection of drugs was also altered: cilazapril, ramipril and quinapril were left out, captopril and enalapril were more prescribed, and a newly-induded fosinopril was prescribed mostly (31.5%). Calcium-channel blockers (C08) were prescribed 33.7% more (7.12 vs. 9.52 DDD/1000 inh./day), mostly because of seven times higher prescribing of amlodipine in 2004. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate was left out, but isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide mononitrate were prescribed more frequently. High-priced atorvastatin was replaced with the older simvastatin, that was prescribed three times more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reform strategy in drug management mostly improved the doctors' prescribing habits and the subsequent use of cardiovascular drugs within the outpatient setting. For the most part, the noticed changes were in accordance with the actual recommendations, but some cases need additional measures. Regulatory policy, however, could not compensate for the continual education of doctors that prescribe drugs.
authors.affiliation: Medicinski fakultet, Institut za farmakologiju, Podgorica, Srbija i Crna Gora. naduko2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duborija-Kovacević
authors.forename: Zdenko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tomić
mesh_terms: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015022:Yugoslavia
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents