title: Hemoptysis in lung transplant recipients: a series of 15 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Respiratory complications are frequent after lung transplantation (LTx), and many of these complications have the potential to cause hemoptysis. However, surprisingly, only a few isolated cases of hemoptysis have been reported in LTx recipients. Here, we describe a series of patients who underwent LTx at our center who developed hemoptysis during their postoperative course.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 197 LTx recipients, hemoptysis developed in 15 over a 16-year period. The pulmonary circulation as well as the systemic circulation were involved in the mechanism of hemoptysis. Six patients had moderate or minimal hemoptysis, while nine patients had life-threatening hemoptysis, which occurred during the first year after LTx in all cases. Active necrotizing ischemic airway injury was present in five of the nine patients with life-threatening hemoptysis. Eight of those nine patients died as a result of hemoptysis. Overall, hemoptysis was the cause of death in 4.5% of patients who underwent LTx at our institution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series of transplant patients, hemoptysis was not rare and was associated with a high rate of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Beaujon, 92110 Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plantier
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mal
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brugière
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Castier
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taillé
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lesèche
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome