title: Use of an automated, load-distributing band chest compression device for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only 1% to 8% of adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive to hospital discharge.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare resuscitation outcomes before and after an urban emergency medical services (EMS) system switched from manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to load-distributing band (LDB) CPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phased, observational cohort evaluation with intention-to-treat analysis of 783 adults with out-of-hospital, nontraumatic cardiac arrest. A total of 499 patients were included in the manual CPR phase (January 1, 2001, to March 31, 2003) and 284 patients in the LDB-CPR phase (December 20, 2003, to March 31, 2005); of these patients, the LDB device was applied in 210 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban EMS system change from manual CPR to LDB-CPR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), with secondary outcome measures of survival to hospital admission and hospital discharge, and neurological outcome at discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the manual CPR and LDB-CPR phases were comparable except for a faster response time interval (mean difference, 26 seconds) and more EMS-witnessed arrests (18.7% vs 12.6%) with LDB. Rates for ROSC and survival were increased with LDB-CPR compared with manual CPR (for ROSC, 34.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 29.2%-40.3% vs 20.2%; 95% CI, 16.9%-24.0%; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.38-2.72; for survival to hospital admission, 20.9%; 95% CI, 16.6%-26.1% vs 11.1%; 95% CI, 8.6%-14.2%; adjusted OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.23-2.86; and for survival to hospital discharge, 9.7%; 95% CI, 6.7%-13.8% vs 2.9%; 95% CI, 1.7%-4.8%; adjusted OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.11-4.77). In secondary analysis of the 210 patients in whom the LDB device was applied, 38 patients (18.1%) survived to hospital admission (95% CI, 13.4%-23.9%) and 12 patients (5.7%) survived to hospital discharge (95% CI, 3.0%-9.3%). Among patients in the manual CPR and LDB-CPR groups who survived to hospital discharge, there was no significant difference between groups in Cerebral Performance Category (P = .36) or Overall Performance Category (P = .40). The number needed to treat for the adjusted outcome survival to discharge was 15 (95% CI, 9-33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with resuscitation using manual CPR, a resuscitation strategy using LDB-CPR on EMS ambulances is associated with improved survival to hospital discharge in adults with out-of-hospital nontraumatic cardiac arrest.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus Eng Hock
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ornato
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Harinder S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Dhindsa
authors.forename: Al M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Caesar S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ines
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Dean C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Jerry L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Overton
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peberdy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016019:Survival Analysis