title: Combination of azathioprine and corticosteroids in the treatment of serpiginous choroiditis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although therapy with immunosuppressive agents is currently accepted as the best option for treating active serpiginous choroiditis (SC), there is no consensus on the most effective immunosuppressive drug to use. In this paper, we describe the clinical course of patients with active SC treated with azathioprine (AZA) in combination with corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 4 patients (5 eyes) with active, vision-threatening SC who received systemic immunosuppression with AZA at 1.5 to 2.0 mg/kg per day. In combination with oral AZA, patients also received 1 mg/kg oral prednisone per day. Information collected included Snellen visual acuity (VA), clinical disease activity, duration of follow-up, rate of inflammation recurrence, and side effects of AZA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 3 weeks of treatment, all patients experienced decreased ocular inflammation and improved VA. One patient, however, had a recurrence in both eyes while oral prednisone was being tapered. In this case, once the dosage of oral prednisone was increased and methotrexate was added to the therapeutic scheme, inflammation was controlled within 1 month. The other 3 patients presented no further visual loss while on AZA and were able to taper and then discontinue oral prednisone. Nevertheless, SC recurred in 1 of these patients 40 months after the initial treatment. AZA was reintroduced but the patient complained of gastrointestinal problems, and it was then successfully replaced by mycophenolate mofetil. None of the 4 patients presented serious systemic side effects secondary to AZA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that when AZA is used in combination with corticosteroids it is a safe and acceptable option for treating patients with active SC. Side effects and recurrences while on AZA therapy can occur, requiring either replacement of the drug or addition of another immunosuppressive agent.
authors.affiliation: Uveitis and Ocular Immunology Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. rngvianna@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Raul N G
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Pinar C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ozdal
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deschênes
authors.forename: Miguel N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Burnier
mesh_terms: D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002833:Choroiditis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011241:Prednisone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D001379:Azathioprine; D011241:Prednisone; D008775:Methylprednisolone