title: Differential prevalence of quality-of-life categories (domains) in Asian women and changes after therapy with three doses of conjugated estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate: the Pan-Asia Menopause (PAM) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of four categories (domains) of menopausal symptoms as markers for quality of life in nine ethnic groups of Asian women. To evaluate changes in quality of life (MENQOL scores) in Asian women following hormone therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, multinational clinical trial in 1028 healthy postmenopausal women of nine ethnic groups from 11 Asian countries/regions. Following 2 weeks of baseline observation, the women received one of three conjugated estrogens (CE)/medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) doses (in mg) daily for 24 weeks: 0.625/2.5, 0.45/1.5, or 0.3/1.5. At baseline and at the end of weeks 4, 12 and 24 following the start of therapy, the study participants were asked to record, on a menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL) questionnaire, 29 menopausal symptoms, as experienced during the preceding month. The symptoms were categorized into four domains: vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The baseline (pretreatment) symptom scores in each of the four domains varied substantially among the different ethnic groups, ranging from 2.21 to 5.71 in the vasomotor, 2.37-5.96 in the psychosocial, 2.66-5.39 in the physical, and 2.11-6.55 in the sexual domain. Overall, Vietnamese and Pakistani women had the highest baseline scores, i.e. were most afflicted by each set of symptoms in a given domain, and Indonesian, Malay, Taiwanese and Thai women were least afflicted. In the overall population, intervention resulted in statistically significant decreases in the scores of all four domains within 4 weeks of intervention. The beneficial effects were similar in the three dose groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of four domains of menopausal symptoms, representative of quality of life as recorded on a MENQOL questionnaire, varies considerably among ethnic groups of Asian women. The MENQOL scores in the overall population were significantly lowered in the course of the study, indicating an improvement in quality of life. In the absence of a placebo group, the relative contribution of hormones and placebo in our intervention is unknown.
authors.affiliation: Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Limpaphayom
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Darmasetiawan
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Burriss
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Holinka
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ausmanas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000208:ethnology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate