title: Glycodelin is present in pinopodes of receptive-phase human endometrium and is associated with down-regulation of progesterone receptor B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that glycodelin is localized on pinopodes and correlates with temporal immunostaining of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), LIF receptor (LIFR), and progesterone receptor B (PRB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital-based reproductive health unit and research laboratories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy fertile women with normal menstrual cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from healthy fertile women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining of glycodelin, ultrastructural immunostaining of glycodelin, and double staining of glycodelin and PRB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycodelin is present in the glands when pinopodes appear. Glycodelin is localized on pinopodes but is also secreted from luminal epithelial cells regardless of pinopode formation. There was a negative correlation between glycodelin secretion from the glands and PRB staining. A weak correlation between the presence of LIFR (but not LIF) and glycodelin was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pinopode appearance, intense staining of LIFR in pinopodes and glycodelin staining in the glands are synchronized events. Down-regulation of PRB in the endometrium is concomitant with the presence of glycodelin in the endometrium, suggesting interaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. anneli.stavreus-evers@ki.se
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stavreus-Evers
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mandelin
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koistinen
authors.forename: Lusine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aghajanova
authors.forename: Lusine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aghajnova
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hovatta
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seppälä
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D021961:Cell Membrane Structures / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000071816:Glycodelin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; C507837:LIF protein, human; C507840:LIFR protein, human; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D053680:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit; C045246:PAEP protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D053606:Receptors, OSM-LIF; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C097314:progesterone receptor B