title: Impaired vasoreactivity in bodybuilders using androgenic anabolic steroids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anabolic androgenic steroids are used by some bodybuilders to enhance performance. While the cardiovascular implications of supraphysiological androgen levels requires further clarification, use is associated with sudden death, left ventricular hypertrophy, thrombo-embolism and cerebro-vascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  To further understand the effect of androgenic anabolic steroid abuse on vascular function, this study assessed vascular stiffness (pulse-wave analysis) and cardiovascular risk factors in 28 male, bodybuilding subjects, of whom ten were actively receiving anabolic agents (group A; 26.4 +/- 7.2 years) and eight had undergone a 3-month "wash-out" period (group B; 32.1 +/- 7.1 years). The remaining ten bodybuilding subjects (group C; 24.4 +/- 4.4 years) denied any past use of anabolic steroids or other performance enhancing drugs. Comparisons were made with ten sedentary male controls (group D, 29.3 +/- 4.7 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endothelial independent dilatation in response to glycerol trinitrate was significantly impaired in the group currently using anabolic steroids (group A) compared with the other three groups [A (5.63 +/- 3.24%) versus; B (11.10 +/- 4.91%), C (17.88 +/- 9.2%) and D (14.46 +/- 3.9%), P < 0.0005, respectively], whereas no significant differences in endothelial-dependent dilatation were detected between the groups [A (5.0 +/- 3.0%), B (7.4 +/- 3.4%), C (9.6 +/- 4.5%) and D (8.2 +/- 3.3%), P < 0.059, respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous studies described a decline in vascular reactivity occurring in bodybuilding subjects which is independent of anabolic steroid use and may result from smooth muscle hypertrophy with increased vascular stiffness. This study revealed impaired vascular reactivity associated with anabolic agents and that improvement in vascular function may occur following their discontinuation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, Wales, UK. laneha@cf.ac.uk
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cockcroft
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Scanlon
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000728:Androgens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004300:Doping in Sports; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000009:adverse effects; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013177:Sports; D013197:Stanozolol / Q000009:adverse effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000728:Androgens; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D013739:Testosterone; D013197:Stanozolol; D009277:Nandrolone; D005996:Nitroglycerin