title: Ligand-based homology modeling as attractive tool to inspect GPCR structural plasticity.
abstract: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family known of signal-transducing molecules. They convey signals for light and many extracellular regulatory molecules. GPCRs have been found to be dysfunctional/dysregulated in a growing number of human diseases and they have been estimated to be the targets of more than 40% of the drugs used in clinical medicine today. The crystal structure of rhodopsin provides the first three-dimensional GPCR information, which now supports homology modeling studies and structure-based drug design approaches. Here, we review our recent work on adenosine receptors, a family of GPCRs and, in particular, on A(3) adenosine receptor subtype antagonists. We will focus on an alternative approach to computationally explore the multi-conformational space of the antagonist-like state of the human A(3) receptor. We define ligand-based homology modeling as new approach to simulate the reorganization of the receptor induced by the ligand binding. The success of this approach is due to the synergic interaction between theory and experiment.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Modeling Section, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Padova, Italy. stefano.moro@unipd.it
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deflorian
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bacilieri
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spalluto
mesh_terms: D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D015195:Drug Design; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058918:Adenosine A3 Receptor Antagonists; D008024:Ligands; C477655:Pyrazolotriazolopyrimidine; D011743:Pyrimidines; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D014230:Triazoles; D012243:Rhodopsin