title: Early apoptosis of monocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response and of bacterial translocation in an experimental model of multiple trauma.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis of monocytes in an experimental model of multiple trauma and its probable correlation to bacterial translocation. Thirty-two rabbits were applied in three groups: A, controls; B, myotomy of the right femur; and C, myotomy and fracture of the right femur. Blood was sampled for the estimation of endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)], tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, malondialdehyde (MDA) and isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs, derived after centrifugation over Ficoll, were incubated in flasks and apoptosis of non-adherent lymphocytes and adherent monocytes was estimated after staining for Annexin-V and flow cytometry. TNF-alpha of supernatants of cultured monocytes was also determined. Tissue segments were cultured after death. Median survival of groups A, B and C was > 14, > 14 and 9.00 days, respectively. Apoptosis of lymphocytes in group C was higher than group A at 2, 4 and 48 h and of monocytes in group C higher than group A at 2 and 4 hours. LPS in group C was higher than group A at 2, 4 and 48 h. Apoptosis of lymphocytes and monocytes was correlated positively with serum TNF-alpha and negatively with TNF-alpha of monocyte supernatants. Cultures of organ segments of group A were sterile. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from liver, lung and spleen in five animals in group B (45.45%) and in six in group C (54.54%). Early apoptosis of blood monocytes supervened after multiple trauma; the phenomenon was accompanied by apoptosis of blood lymphocytes and subsequent bacterial translocation.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Orthopaedics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Efstathopoulos
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsaganos
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Giamarellos-Bourboulis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaldis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicolaou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutoukas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papachristou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giamarellou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D023421:Models, Animal; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011817:Rabbits; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde