Magnetic resonance for evaluation of toxic encephalopathies: implications from animal experiments.
Examinations of brain of rats intoxicated with hexachlorophene or acrylamide with ultrahigh-field (4.7 T) proton magnetic resonance (MR) showed alterations consistent with clinical pictures in humans and morphological findings in experimental animals. On the other hand, conventional biochemical analyses have revealed that ethylene oxide, methyl bromide, and acrylamide inhibit creatine kinase (CK; an enzyme catalyzing the reaction: ATP+creatine<-->ADP+phosphocreatine) activities in the brain of animals. Thus, 31P MR combined with magnetization transfer may be utilized to monitor living humans (or animals) intoxicated with these chemicals by determining CK activities in the target organ.
Igisu
Hideki
H
Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan. igisu@med.uoeh-u.ac.jp
Kinoshita
Yoshimasa
Y
D020106:Acrylamide / Q000633:toxicity; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D005027:Ethylene Oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D006582:Hexachlorophene / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000633:toxicity; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D020106:Acrylamide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C005218:methyl bromide; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D006582:Hexachlorophene; D005027:Ethylene Oxide