title: Out-of-pocket costs of HAART limit HIV treatment responses in Botswana's private sector.
abstract: A large number of HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan Africa pay out-of-pocket for HAART. This analysis from Botswana indicates that higher median out-of-pocket regimen costs to patients for the initial 30 days of HAART are associated with failure to achieve a viral load< 400 copies/ml [US$32; interquartile range (IQR), 20-84 compared with US$22; (IQR, 17-36), P = 0.001]. HAART costs should be minimized as scale-up efforts in sub-Saharan Africa progress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Bisson
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lo Re
authors.forename: Jordan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Xingmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mpho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mogorosi
authors.forename: Tendani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaolathe
authors.forename: Ndwapi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ndwapi
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dickinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001902:Botswana; D016527:Drug Costs; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017149:Private Sector; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents