title: Dodecanedioic acid overcomes metabolic inflexibility in type 2 diabetic subjects.
abstract: Metabolically healthy skeletal muscle possesses the ability to switch easily between glucose and fat oxidation in response to homeostatic signals. In type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, the skeletal muscle shows a great reduction in this metabolic flexibility. A substrate like dodecanedioic acid (C-12), able to increase skeletal muscle glycogen stores via succinyl-CoA formation, might both postpone the fatigue and increase fatty acid utilization, since it does not affect insulin secretion. In healthy volunteers and in type 2 diabetic subjects, the effect of an oral C-12 load was compared with a glucose or water load during prolonged, moderate-intensity, physical exercise. C-12 metabolism was analyzed by a mathematical model. After C-12, diabetics were able to complete the 2 h of exercise. Nonesterified fatty acids increased both during and after the exercise in the C-12 session. C-12 oxidation provided 14% of total energy expenditure, and the sum of C-12 plus lipids oxidized after the C-12 meal was significantly greater than lipids oxidized after the glucose meal (P < 0.025). The fraction of C-12 that entered the central compartment was 47% of that ingested. During the first phase of the exercise ( approximately 60 min), the mean C-12 clearance from the central compartment toward tissues was 2.57 and 1.30 l/min during the second phase of the exercise. In conclusion, C-12 seems to be a suitable energy substrate during exercise, since it reduces muscle fatigue, is rapidly oxidized, and does not stimulate insulin secretion, which implies that lipolysis is not inhibited as reported after glucose ingestion.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. salinari@dis.uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Serenella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salinari
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gandolfi
authors.forename: Aldo V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scarfone
authors.forename: Melania
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manco
authors.forename: Geltrude
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mingrone
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006003:Glycogen; C036836:dodecanedioic acid