title: Endobronchial photodynamic therapy for lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endobronchial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique for the palliation of major airway obstruction from lung cancer, and for the treatment of endobronchial microinvasive lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results of reported clinical trials were compared, and the author's preliminary results with second generation photosensitizers were also reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A review of the clinical experience with endobronchial PDT is provided. Potential advantages of PDT include the duration of palliation achieved through the delayed cellular effects of PDT within tumor. Side-effects from FDA-approved photosensitizer (Photofrin, Porfimer sodium, Axcan Scandipharm, Montreal, Quebec) include skin photosensitivity. HPPH (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2 devinyl pyropheophorbide) is an example of a second-generation photosensitize that shows promise in the treatment of lung cancer, and appears to be free from significant skin photosensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT is an effective tool for the palliation of endobronchial lung cancers which obstruct the central airways and is also effective for the treatment of central microinvasive carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the central airways.
authors.affiliation: Solid Tumor Division, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. gregory.loewen@roswellpark.org
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Loewen
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bellnier
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dougherty
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010166:Palliative Care; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents