title: [Mobilization of stem cells in cardiovascular disease. Improvement of vascularization, cardiac function and arrhythmias].
abstract: Besides re-injecting mostly autologous stem cells also the mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow is increasingly evaluated. Mobilization of bone marrow cells can be induced by drugs, e.g., growth factors, or by physical exercise. Exercise leads to a number of physiological cardiopulmonary changes, and an improved vascularization of the heart and skeletal muscle, initiated by endothelial progenitor cells derived from the bone marrow. Particularly, duration exercise activates not only the release of CD34-positive cells, it also leads to increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) being one of them. Originally, it was believed that therapeutic effects following bone marrow mobilization were based on the homing and transdifferentiation of bone marrow cells into cardiomyocytes, new data support the notion that the most important mechanism might be via paracrine and/or direct effects of G-CSF.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik C, Universitätsklinikum Münster. nikol@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikol
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
mesh_terms: D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000097:blood; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization / Q000379:methods*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D016207:Cytokines; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor