title: Determinants of androgen deprivation therapy use for prostate cancer: role of the urologist.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer has been increasing, even in settings for which there is weak or no evidence of efficacy. This pattern suggests that factors other than the typical patient and tumor characteristics may be driving its use. We assessed the importance of the physician as a determinant of the use of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer in a population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results-Medicare linked database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 61 717 men with incident prostate cancer diagnosed from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1999, and 1802 urologists providing care to them within 1 year of cancer diagnosis. Multilevel analyses were used to estimate and partition the variance in use of androgen deprivation therapy within 6 months of diagnosis between patient or tumor characteristics and urologist to examine the relative contribution of each component to androgen deprivation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of the total variance in the use of androgen deprivation therapy attributable to the urologist was consistently higher than that attributable to tumor or patient characteristics. This pattern was most pronounced for patients diagnosed from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 1999, in which 22.56% of the total variance in use of androgen deprivation therapy was attributable to the urologist, 9.71% to tumor characteristics (stage or grade), and 4.29% to patient characteristics (age, ethnicity, socio-economic status, comorbidity, geographic region, or year of diagnosis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Which urologist a patient sees may be more important in determining whether they will receive androgen deprivation therapy than tumor or patient characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, John Sealy Annex 4.200, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0562, USA. vbshahin@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Vahakn B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Shahinian
authors.forename: Yong-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Goodwin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010819:Physician's Role; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D013997:Time Factors; D014572:Urology
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal