title: The SloR/Dlg metalloregulator modulates Streptococcus mutans virulence gene expression.
abstract: Metal ion availability in the human oral cavity plays a putative role in Streptococcus mutans virulence gene expression and in appropriate formation of the plaque biofilm. In this report, we present evidence that supports such a role for the DtxR-like SloR metalloregulator (called Dlg in our previous publications) in this oral pathogen. Specifically, the results of gel mobility shift assays revealed the sloABC, sloR, comDE, ropA, sod, and spaP promoters as targets of SloR binding. We confirmed differential expression of these genes in a GMS584 SloR-deficient mutant versus the UA159 wild-type progenitor by real-time semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR experiments. The results of additional expression studies support a role for SloR in S. mutans control of glucosyltransferases, glucan binding proteins, and genes relevant to antibiotic resistance. Phenotypic analysis of GMS584 revealed that it forms aberrant biofilms on an abiotic surface, is compromised for genetic competence, and demonstrates heightened incorporation of iron and manganese as well as resistance to oxidative stress compared to the wild type. Taken together, these findings support a role for SloR in S. mutans adherence, biofilm formation, genetic competence, metal ion homeostasis, oxidative stress tolerance, and antibiotic gene regulation, all of which contribute to S. mutans-induced disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Middlebury College, 276 Bicentennial Way, MBH354, Middlebury, Vermont 05753, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rolerson
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swick
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Newlon
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Britton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keeshan
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spatafora
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D018441:Biofilms; D002712:Chlorides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017931:DNA Primers; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002712:Chlorides; D017931:DNA Primers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D008667:Metalloproteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C025340:manganese chloride; C024555:ferric chloride