title: The in-hospital interval: a description of EMT time spent in the emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a time-motion study of emergency medical technician (EMT) flow in an urban, academic emergency department (ED). Our objective was to describe the activity of the EMTs during their time in the ED. Secondary objectives included the association of time of day, age, and triage code with the various time intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this descriptive study, we combined information from two databases: prospectively collected time-motion data of EMTs presenting to one ED and an electronically collected prehospital call database of time data. The pretriage, triage, and posttriage time intervals were calculated, as well as total time spent in the ED as a proportion of total call time. Mean times with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Analysis of variance was performed to examine the associations of time of day, age, and triage code with time intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were available for 152 calls. The mean pretriage interval was 8.79 (95% CI, 7.55-10.04) minutes, the mean triage interval was 5.14 (95% CI, 4.49-5.79) minutes, and the mean posttriage interval was 31.33 (95% CI, 29.08-33.58) minutes. The proportion of the total call time that was spent in the ED was 45%. Subgroup analysis showed significant differences only between total time spent in the ED in the 7:30-10:00 AM period as compared with the other periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More time was spent in the pretriage and posttriage intervals as compared with the triage interval. Further time-motion studies in the ED will be necessary to plan interventions aimed at decreasing the time spent in-hospital by EMTs.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. eli.segal@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verter
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colacone
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afilalo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014218:Triage