title: Clinical imaging diagnosis of implant materials for breast augmentation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ingredients of substances implanted for breast augmentation sometimes remain unknown due to lack of information from patients. Significant clinical problems sometimes necessitate removal and reconstruction. Thus, preoperative diagnostic imaging to identify the ingredients of implants may improve the treatment decision-making process. In this report, we created a clinical imaging index.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Here, we summarize computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging of implant materials to predict the ingredients of implant substances preoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 patients with late complications after receiving breast augmentations between 1971 and 2002 were examined using CT and MRI. In addition, further examinations were conducted, including postoperative chemical analysis using Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and MRI imaging of various implanted substances using an experimental magnetic resonance system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified the ingredients of implant materials used for breast augmentation by imaging diagnostics as follows: silicone: radiopaque-low/high (CT-MRI T1/T2); hydrogel: radiolucent-low approximately iso/high; hydrocarbon: radiolucent-high approximately iso/low approximately iso; saline: radiolucent-low/high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified by imaging diagnosis the ingredients of implant materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. r.ogawa@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Hiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyakusoku
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Hironaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018427:Breast Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D020034:Silicone Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D020034:Silicone Gels; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D012965:Sodium Chloride