title: In vivo IL-10 gene delivery attenuates bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the production and activation of TGF-beta in the lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disorder for which there is no effective treatment. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a critical role in provoking fibrosis. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine but its effect on the fibrosing process is unclear. A study was undertaken to examine whether IL-10 affects the production and activation of TGF-beta and thus can attenuate the fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were given an intratracheal injection of bleomycin. On day 1 or 14, IL-10 gene was delivered by rapid intravenous injection of Ringer's solution containing plasmid. Two weeks after the plasmid injection the mice were examined for fibrosis. The effect of IL-10 on TGF-beta production by alveolar macrophages was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even when delivered during the fibrosing phase, IL-10 gene significantly suppressed the pathological findings, hydroxyproline content, and production of both active and total forms of TGF-beta1 in the lung. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that alveolar macrophages were one of the major sources of TGF-beta1 and IL-10 diminished the intensity of the staining. IL-10 also suppressed the expression of alphaV beta6 integrin, a molecule that plays an important role in TGF-beta activation, on lung epithelial cells. Alveolar macrophages from bleomycin injected mice produced TGF-beta1 spontaneously ex vivo, which was significantly suppressed by treatment of the mice in vivo or by treatment of the explanted macrophages ex vivo with IL-10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-10 suppresses the production and activation of TGF-beta in the lung and thus attenuates pulmonary fibrosis, even when delivered in the chronic phase.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagome
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dohi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okunishi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002460:Cell Line; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D039503:Integrin alpha6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010957:Plasmids; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D039503:Integrin alpha6; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D001761:Bleomycin; D016753:Interleukin-10