title: Determination of intrathyroidal iodine by X-ray fluorescence analysis in 60- to 65-year olds living in an iodine-sufficient area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a non-invasive method for determining the iodine content of the thyroid gland in vivo. In spite of the obvious clinical value of such a method in situations of iodine deficiency or iodine overload, the method has not so far been widely used. The objective was to investigate the applicability of the XRF method in a larger number of subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 37 individuals, aged 60-65 years, who had spent their entire life with iodine supplementation through iodinated table salt. Individuals with (previous) thyroid disease were excluded. The individual thyroid function had previously been evaluated by measurements of thyroid-related hormones, thyroid volume and 131-Iodine (131I) uptake which indicated a sufficient iodine intake of the population in the area. Iodine in the right thyroid lobe in each subject was examined using XRF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean thyroid iodine concentration was 0.4 mg mL(-1), corresponding to a mean total iodine content of 5.2 mg (range 0.9-20.2). There was a pronounced difference between individuals. No correlation was found between iodine concentration and 131I uptake or thyroid volume. Neither was iodine content and 131I uptake correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a population living under iodine-sufficient conditions, a large variation of iodine stored in the thyroid is compatible with euthyroidism. Determination of the iodine pool by XRF investigation is feasible in a clinical setting and the method offers a unique possibility to study the intrathyroidal iodine pool in subjects with thyroid disease. The low radiation dose enables the use of the method in pregnant women and also in young individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Mölnlycke Primary Health Care and Research Centre, Mölnlycke, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milakovic
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eggertsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hansson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; C034024:iodized salt; D007455:Iodine