title: Preliminary evaluation of a load-bearing BMP-2 carrier for segmental defect regeneration.
abstract: Large segmental defects in bones can result from tumor removal, massive trauma, congenital malformation, or non-union fractures. Such defects often are difficult to manage and require multiple-phase surgery to achieve adequate union and function. In this study, we propose a novel design of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) carrier for tissue engineering of segmental defect regeneration. The tube-shaped BMP-2 carrier was fabrication from a poly(propylene fumarate)/tricalcium phosphate (PPF/TCP) composite via casting technique developed in our laboratory. An in vitro evaluation showed that the compressive strength of the carrier decreased about 48% in 12 weeks while maintained a pH in the 6.8-7.4 range. In vivo study was conducted by implanting carriers loaded with 10 microg of BMP-2 in 5 mm rat femur gap model for 15 weeks. X-ray evidence of bridging was first found in the BMP group at 3 weeks. Bridging in all animals (N = 4) in the BMP group was found at 9 weeks. No x-ray evidence of bridging was found in the No BMP group (N = 3). pQCT analysis indicated that the bone mineral density of the callus in the BMP group has reached the level of native femur at 15 weeks after implantation, while the callus in the No BMP group has a bone mineral density at a lower level of 84% to the native femur. Histology analysis shows that a normal fatty bone marrow was restored and mineralized callus formed and bridged the segmental defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Tien-Min G
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.forename: Stuart J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Warden
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Rena L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000737:chemistry*; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004343:Drug Implants; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta