title: Interpersonal violence among women seeking welfare: unraveling lives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to violence is a widespread problem among women who receive welfare benefits. Research has focused on partner violence among women with children on Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), ignoring low-income women without dependent children who are eligible for General Assistance (GA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We report findings from a survey of 1235 women seeking TANF (N=1095) and GA (N=140) throughout a California county.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimates of recent physical, sexual, and severe violence were high in both populations. However, the highest rates occurred among women without children seeking GA, suggesting that they are at higher risk for sexual violence and more severe forms of physical violence, especially from intimate partners. This increased risk is partly accounted for by the co-occurrence of other serious health and social problems. In multivariate analyses, past-year violence was associated with substance use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5, 2.9), recent homelessness (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.6), family fragmentation including divorce or separation (AOR=3.1, 95% CI 1.8, 5.2), or foster care involvement (AOR=2.2, 95% CI=1.1, 4.5)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Welfare reform created TANF programs to address domestic violence. Women seeking GA may need similar services because of the high prevalence of violence.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. alown@arg.org
authors.forename: E Anne
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lown
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000385:Aid to Families with Dependent Children / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018585:Battered Women / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D035082:Federal Government; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009111:Local Government; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D011632:Public Assistance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012940:Social Problems; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D016387:Women's Health / Q000208:ethnology