title: A suggested clinical score to predict the severity of adenoid obstruction in children.
abstract: Chronic nasal obstruction in children is a very common disorder. Obstructing adenoid is usually the first to blame. Though the clinical assessment is essential, it is often considered unreliable or insufficient. We conducted a prospective clinical study to validate a clinical score predicting the severity of adenoid obstruction in symptomatic children. The clinical score (CS) included mouth breathing, snoring, restless sleep, frequent waking-up at night and obstructive breathing during sleep. Each item received a score of 0 or 1. The palatal airway was evaluated on a lateral nasopharyngeal x-ray. The degree of obstruction was assessed intra-operatively by a laryngeal mirror using a 3-grade scale. The volume of each adenoid specimen was measured. Eighty-six patients were enrolled, 51 boys and 35 girls, aged 13-181 months (mean 52, median 45). The CS correlated very well with the intra-operative findings (p < 0.01) and with the degree of palatal airway obstruction (p < 0.05) but not with the volume of the adenoid removed (p > 0.05). The CS was higher in children younger than 3 years (CS > 3 in 85.7% vs. 29.2%), having more frequent obstructive breathing during sleep (71.43% vs. 21.54%). A CS of three or higher, predicted severe obstruction in 96.5% of patients, as detected intra-operatively. The suggested CS is simple to use and is highly reliable in identifying children in need for adenoidectomy, in the context of normal anterior rhinoscopy and tonsils less than grade three.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, PO Box: 11-0236/A52, Beirut, Lebanon, 1107-2020. mb36@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bitar
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahi
authors.forename: Mostapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalifeh
authors.forename: Laura-Maria S
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Madanat
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index