title: Polyphenolic constituent structures of Zanthoxylum piperitum fruit and the antibacterial effects of its polymeric procyanidin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Zanthoxylum piperitum (Rutaceae) is used as a spice and a natural medicine in Japan. Our study found that ZP-CT-A, a polymeric proanthocyanidin purified from the fruit of this species, noticeably decreased the minimum inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The structure of ZP-CT-A was characterized on the basis of (13)C NMR and size exclusion chromatographic data and the results of thiolytic degradation. A mechanistic study of the effects of ZP-CT-A indicated that it suppressed the activity of beta-lactamase and largely decreased the stability of the bacterial cell membrane of MRSA, as shown by a reduction in the tolerance of MRSA to low osmotic pressure and high ionic strength solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama.
authors.forename: Miwako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusuda
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Tomo-Omi
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Tomofusa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002392:Catechin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D016106:Methicillin Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D044946:Biflavonoids; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C512934:ZP-CT-A compound; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; C017674:procyanidin; D002392:Catechin; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D010068:Oxacillin