title: Triamcinolone acetonide protects auditory hair cells from 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) ototoxicity in vitro.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Triamcinolone acetonide crystalline suspension (e.g. Volon A) was not ototoxic to the auditory hair cells present within organ of Corti explants and protected them from an ototoxic molecule, i.e. 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE), that is produced within the organ of Corti as a result of oxidative stress-induced damage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the corticosteroid, triamcinolone acetonide, for ototoxicity and otoprotective capacity in organ of Corti explants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Organ of Corti explants excised from 4-day-old rats were the test system, HNE was the ototoxin challenge. Hair cell integrity counts were performed with fluorescent microscopy on fixed explants stained with FITC-labeled phalloidin. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Triamcinolone acetonide did not affect hair cell integrity in the organ of Corti explants and it provided a high level of protection of hair cells against the ototoxic effects of a damaging level of HNE as determined by hair cell density counts.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Ear Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Adrien A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Eshraghi
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garnham
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Balkany
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Van de Water
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D015834:Cochlear Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009925:Organ of Corti / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal