title: [Cytohistological and immunohistochemical characteristics of vascular remodelling in diseases of the blood vessels].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular remodelling is an adaptive process involving the adjustment of the structure and function of blood vessels to long-term changes in haemodynamic conditions. This process leads to structural alterations within vessel walls in different cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coarctation of the aorta.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the histochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics of morphological lesions in coronary atherosclerosis and coarctation of the aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one samples of atherosclerotically modified right coronary arteries, divided into 6 segments, were analysed. We also examined 10 samples of coarctation segments, excised during surgery. The segments were stained histochemically (using orcein and alcian blue-PAS), immunocytochemically (using alpha-smooth muscle actin-alpha-SMA, vimentin, desmin, myosin heavy chains-MHC, CD3, CD45, S-100, and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen-PCNA), and for electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of our study of morphological lesions in coronary atherosclerosis demonstrated initial functional and then, in the later stages of atherosclerosis, morphological, damage to the endothelium. The preatheroma stage revealed the presence of intimal dedifferentiation of smooth muscle cells, with the expression of vimentin and alpha-SMA, and the lack of expression of desmin. Along with these changes, a huge number of foam cells of variant origin were noticed. Some of them were CD68-immunoreactive while others were both vimentin- and S-100-immunoreactive. All examined samples of the coarctation of the aorta demonstrated the presence of dedifferentiated smooth muscle cells as well as a diminution in cell numbers, followed by apoptotic smooth muscle cells, and the absence of inflammatory cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some foam cells develop from monocyte-macrophage lineage (CD68-immunoreactive), while others originate from smooth muscle cells (vimentin and S-100-immunoreactive). Coarctation of the aorta is characterised by a diminution in cell numbers (apoptosis) as well as their dedifferentiation from contractile to synthetic phenotype.
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lacković
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vuković
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003893:Desmin / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014746:Vimentin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003893:Desmin; D009418:S100 Proteins; D014746:Vimentin