title: Mechanical ventilation and air leaks after lung biopsy for acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Open lung biopsy in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may provide a specific etiology and change clinical management, yet concerns about complications remain. Persistent air leak is the most common postoperative complication. Risk factors in this setting are not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of 53 patients who underwent open lung biopsy for clinical ARDS (based on American European Consensus Conference criteria) between 1989 and 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients (30.2%) developed an air leak lasting more than 7 days or died with an air leak. Univariate analyses showed no significant correlation with age, gender, sex, corticosteroid use, diabetes, immunocompromised status, or pathologic diagnosis. A lower risk of air leak was associated with lower peak airway pressure and tidal volume, use of pressure-cycled ventilation, and use of an endoscopic stapling device. In multivariate analyses, only peak airway pressure remained a significant predictor. The risk of prolonged air leak was reduced by 42% (95% confidence interval [CI: 17% to 60%]) for every 5 cm H2O reduction in peak airway pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a lung-protective ventilatory strategy that limits peak airway pressures is strongly associated with a reduced risk of postoperative air leak after open lung biopsy in ARDS. Using such a strategy may allow physicians to obtain information from open lung biopsy to make therapeutic decisions without undue harm to ARDS patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. mcho@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Dean M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karmpaliotis
authors.forename: Sanjay R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D011312:Pressure; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D017792:Surgical Stapling / Q000009:adverse effects; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D013990:Tidal Volume