title: Metacarpophalangeal pattern profile analysis: useful diagnostic tool for differentiating between dyschondrosteosis, Turner syndrome, and hypochondroplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of the metacarpophalangeal pattern profile (MCPP) analysis as a diagnostic tool for differentiating between patients with dyschondrosteosis, Turner syndrome, and hypochondroplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographic and clinical data from 135 patients between 1 and 51 years of age were collected and analyzed. The study included 25 patients with hypochondroplasia (HCP), 39 with dyschondrosteosis (LWD), and 71 with Turner syndrome (TS). Hand pattern profiles were calculated and compared with those of 110 normal individuals. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and multivariate discriminant analysis were used for pattern profile analysis. Pattern variability index, a measure of dysmorphogenesis, was calculated for LWD, TS, HCP, and normal controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results demonstrate that patients with LWD, TS, or HCP have distinct pattern profiles that are significantly different from each other and from those of normal controls. Discriminant analysis yielded correct classification of normal versus abnormal individuals in 84% of cases. Classification of the patients into LWD, TS, and HCP groups was successful in 75%. The correct classification rate was higher (85%) when differentiating two pathological groups at a time. Pattern variability index was not helpful for differential diagnosis of LWD, TS, and HCP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with LWD, TS, or HCP have distinct MCPPs and can be successfully differentiated from each other using advanced MCPP analysis. Discriminant analysis is to be preferred over Pearson correlation coefficient because it is a more sensitive and specific technique. MCPP analysis is a helpful tool for differentiating between syndromes with similar clinical and radiological abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: The Paediatric Radiology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. evaldas.laurencikas@karolinska.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Laurencikas
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sävendahl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jorulf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010009:Osteochondrodysplasias / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*