title: Changes in muscle compartment pressure after cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemodilution and inflammation lead to edema and increased muscle compartment pressure after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to find whether muscle compartment pressure was affected by the addition of albumin and mannitol to the pump prime, heparin coating or leukocyte depletion. Additionally, we studied the relationship between intraocular pressure and lower leg muscle compartment pressure. Edema during and following cardiac surgery is due to hemodynamic, osmotic and inflammatory changes, according to Starling's Law. We attempted to influence the osmotic balance and reduce the inflammatory response in order to reduce the edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients who underwent cardiac surgery were randomly allocated into four groups. Group A received albumin and mannitol into the pump prime. Group B had an, heparin-coated perfusion system, Group C had a leukocyte-depletion arterial line filter and Group D was the control group, where intraocular pressure was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower leg muscle compartment pressure increased significantly during and after cardiac surgery in all groups, but this increase was significantly less in Group A than in the control group 24 h after surgery. No correlation was found between muscular compartment pressure and intraocular pressure. The intraocular pressure profile is different from the muscular compartment pressure and recovers much faster.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower leg muscle compartment pressure and intraocular pressure behave differently during and after cardiac surgery. Albumin and mannitol added to the pump prime decreases muscle compartment pressure after cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Landspitalinn - University Hospital, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland. liney@landspitali.is
authors.forename: Líney
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Símonardóttir
authors.forename: Bjarni
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torfason
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefánsson
authors.forename: Jónas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magnússon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011312:Pressure; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004234:Diuretics, Osmotic; D012709:Serum Albumin; D008353:Mannitol