title: Intact anthocyanins and metabolites in rat urine and plasma after 3 months of anthocyanin supplementation.
abstract: Anthocyanins are polyphenols responsible for most red to purple colors in plants. Human consumption of these pigments is increasing because of their potential health benefits and use as natural colorants. With more than 600 different anthocyanins found in nature, the impact of chemical structure on their absorption and metabolism needs to be investigated. Urine and plasma samples were collected from 32 rats receiving control diet or chokeberry-, bilberry-, and grape-enriched (3.85 g cyanidin 3-galatoside equivalent/kg) diet for 14 wk. Below 2 micromol/l of anthocyanins and relatively higher levels of presumable metabolites were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array in the plasma. In the urine the total concentration of intact anthocyanins and methylated derivatives ranged from 17.4 (bilberry) to 52.6 (chokeberry) nmol/l. The type and number of anthocyanin glycosylations affected the absorption remarkably. Detection of an acylated anthocyanin in plasma and urine suggests bioavailability of these anthocyanin derivatives that are commonly found in commercially available colorants.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, Department of Food Science, Columbus 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Bernadene A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Magnuson
authors.forename: Geeta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lala
authors.forename: Qingguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: M Monica
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Giusti
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000215:Acylation; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006031:Glycosylation; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D027824:Rosaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013997:Time Factors; D029800:Vaccinium myrtillus / Q000737:chemistry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts