title: Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in free-ranging wild cervids in Norway.
abstract: Faecal samples were collected from 1,190 wild cervids in Norway and analyzed for cysts/oocysts of the protozoan parasites Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Samples were from calves, yearlings and adults of moose (Alces alces), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) shot during the hunting season. Cryptosporidium was found in 15 (3.3%) of 455 moose, 1 (0.3%) of 289 red deer, 18 (6.2%) of 291 roe deer, but was not found in any of 155 reindeer. Giardia was found in 56 (12.3%) moose, 5 (1.7%) red deer, 45 (15.5%) roe deer and 11 (7.1%) reindeer. The calves had the highest prevalence of infection, but this was only statistically significant for Giardia in moose and for Cryptosporidium and Giardia in roe deer. Calves generally had the highest intensity of infection, but this difference was only statistically significant for calves with Giarda and the highest intensity of infection. Both Giardia and Cryptosporidium were found in samples from several geographical areas, indicating that these parasites are distributed among the cervid population in all parts of Norway, especially in moose and roe deer. This is the first published report of Cryptosporidium in moose and of Giardia in reindeer.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Section of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, OSLO, Norway. inger.hamnes@veths.no
authors.forename: Inger Sofie
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Hamnes
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gjerde
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Turid
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vikøren
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Handeland
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000469:parasitology; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000469:parasitology; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003670:Deer / Q000469:parasitology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology*; D005872:Giardia / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D033661:Oocysts / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D012053:Reindeer / Q000469:parasitology