The in vitro adsorption of cytokines by polymer-pyrolysed carbon.
This study investigated a range of phenol-formaldehyde-aniline-based pyrolysed carbon matrices and their component materials, for their ability to adsorb a range of inflammatory cytokines crucial to the progression of sepsis. The efficiency of adsorption of the target molecules from human plasma was assessed and compared to that of Adsorba 300C, a commercially available cellulose-coated activated charcoal. Results indicate that a number of the primary carbon/resin materials demonstrate efficient adsorption of the cytokines studied here (TNF, IL-6 and IL-8), comparable to other adsorbents under clinical investigation. Our findings also illustrate that these adsorbent capabilities are retained when the primary particles are combined to form a pyrolysed carbon matrix. This capability will enable the engineering of the carbon matrix porosity allowing a blend of carbonised particle combinations to be tailored for maximum adsorption of inflammatory cytokines. The present findings support further investigation of this carbon material as a combined carbon-based filtration/adsorbent device for direct blood purification.
Howell
Carol A
CA
Biomedical Materials Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, Sussex BN2 4GJ, UK.
Sandeman
Susan R
SR
Phillips
Gary J
GJ
Lloyd
Andrew W
AW
Davies
J Graham
JG
Mikhalovsky
Sergey V
SV
Tennison
Steve R
SR
Rawlinson
Anthony P
AP
Kozynchenko
Oleksandr P
OP
Owen
Hannah L H
HL
Gaylor
John D S
JD
Rouse
Jennifer J
JJ
Courtney
James M
JM
D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy
D016207:Cytokines; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon