title: Nt-RhoGDI2 regulates Rac/Rop signaling and polar cell growth in tobacco pollen tubes.
abstract: Rac/Rop-type Rho-family small GTPases accumulate at the plasma membrane in the tip of pollen tubes and control the polar growth of these cells. Nt-RhoGDI2, a homolog of guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) regulating Rho signaling in animals and yeast, is co-expressed with the Rac/Rop GTPase Nt-Rac5 specifically in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes. The two proteins interact with each other in yeast two-hybrid assays, preferentially when Nt-Rac5 is prenylated. Transient over-expression of Nt-Rac5 and Nt-RhoGDI2 depolarized or inhibited tobacco pollen tube growth, respectively. Interestingly, pollen tubes over-expressing both proteins grew normally, demonstrating that the two proteins functionally interact in vivo. Nt-RhoGDI2 was localized to the pollen tube cytoplasm and effectively transferred co-over-expressed YFP-Nt-Rac5 fusion proteins from the plasma membrane to this compartment. A single amino acid exchange (R69A), which abolished binding to Nt-RhoGDI2, caused Nt-Rac5 to be mis-localized to the flanks of pollen tubes and strongly compromised its ability to depolarize pollen tube growth upon over-expression. Based on these observations, we propose that Nt-RhoGDI2-mediated recycling of Nt-Rac5 from the flanks of the tip to the apex has an essential function in the maintenance of polarized Rac/Rop signaling and cell expansion in pollen tubes. Similar mechanisms may generally play a role in the polarized accumulation of Rho GTPases in specific membrane domains, an important process whose regulation has not been well characterized in any cell type to date.
authors.affiliation: Heidelberg Institute of Plant Sciences (HIP), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 360, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klahre
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Arno C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kost
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division; D016764:Cell Polarity; D035264:Flowers / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000378:metabolism*; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D010940:Plant Proteins; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins