title: Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3 and 5 as therapeutic agents in heart failure.
abstract: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) 3 and 5 regulate cAMP and cGMP signalling in cardiac and smooth muscle myocytes. Important advances in the understanding of the roles of these enzymes have recently been made. PDE3 inhibitors have inotropic and vasodilatory properties, and although they acutely improve haemodynamics in patients with heart failure, they do not improve long-term morbidity and mortality. Although combination therapy with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists or selective inhibition of specific PDE3 isoforms might result in a more favourable long-term outcome, more clinical data are needed to test this proposition. The role of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of cardiac disease is evolving. PDE5 inhibitors cause pulmonary and systemic vasodilation. How these drugs will compare with other vasodilators in terms of long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure is unknown. Recent studies also suggest that PDE5 inhibitors may have antihypertropic effects, exerted through increased myocardial cGMP signalling, that could be of additional benefit in patients with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: University of Utah School of Medicine, Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, 500 Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City, UT 84117, USA. josef.stehlik@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stehlik
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Movsesian
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005544:Forecasting; D006207:Half-Life; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051381:Rats; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054684:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human; C517384:Pde5a protein, rat; D006152:Cyclic GMP