title: Polymorphism of beta-adrenergic receptors and susceptibility to open-angle glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The human trabecular meshwork and ciliary body, which express beta-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1 and ADRB2), control aqueous humor dynamics. We investigated associations of ADRB polymorphisms with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), because ADRB gene polymorphisms alter receptor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 240 Japanese controls and 505 Japanese OAG patients including 211 with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 294 with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Associations of four polymorphisms (Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly in the ADRB1 gene; Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu in the ADRB2 gene) were compared between patients and controls. Age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual field defects at diagnosis were examined for associations with polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Arg389Gly polymorphism in the ADRB1 gene showed significantly different allele and genotype frequencies in patients with NTG than in controls (p = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively). Other polymorphisms did not show a significant frequency difference. In POAG patients, carriers of Gly16 in the ADRB2 gene were significantly younger at diagnosis than noncarriers (p<0.001). The IOP at diagnosis was significantly higher in OAG patients carrying 27Glu in the ADRB2 gene than in patients without this allele (p<0.001). Clinical characteristics of OAG patients did not differ significantly in relation to other polymorphisms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain polymorphisms of the ADRB1 and ADRB2 genes influence the pathophysiology of OAG in Japanese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mashima
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuse
authors.forename: Tomoyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funayama
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2