title: Concurrent use of indomethacin and dexamethasone increases the risk of spontaneous intestinal perforation in very low birth weight neonates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dexamethasone or indomethacin predisposes very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates to spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP). However, no study has specifically investigated the role of the concurrent use of indomethacin and dexamethasone in SIP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the concurrent use of indomethacin and dexamethasone increases the risk of SIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single center, retrospective, 2:1 matched, case-control study, the odds of SIP were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis in < or =14-day old VLBW infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen VLBW infants with SIP were matched to 32 controls by birth weight. After adjusting for clinically relevant variables, patients who received > or =3 doses of indomethacin for ductal closure or intraventricular hemorrhage prophylaxis and > or =3 doses of low-dose dexamethasone (0.3 mg/kg cumulative dose over 3 days) for refractory hypotension during the first postnatal week, were 9.6 times more likely to develop SIP [95% CI 1.22, 75.71].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined use of indomethacin and dexamethasone increases the risk of SIP in VLBW neonates.
authors.affiliation: USC Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA. lpaquette@chla.usc.edu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friedlich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seri
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000188:drug therapy; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003907:Dexamethasone; D007213:Indomethacin