title: Coronary artery disease progression is associated with C-reactive protein and conventional risk factors but not soluble CD40 ligand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Epidemiological studies have documented conventional risk factors; however, no studies to date have addressed the roles of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and there have been few reports on other novel risk factors in CAD progression. The aim of the present study was to explore the roles of novel and conventional risk factors in CAD progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with stable angina pectoris who underwent repeat coronary angiograms and had serum samples at the time of their first catheterization between March 1999 and January 2004 were enrolled. Those who had progression of coronary atherosclerosis were classified into the progression group (n = 66). Those who did not have CAD progression were classified into the nonprogression group (n = 124).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were more cases of diabetes mellitus (36% versus 20%; P = 0.024) and more men (92% versus 81%; P = 0.040) in the CAD progression group than in the nonprogression group, respectively. The progression group also had poorer lipid profiles than the nonprogression group, including higher total cholesterol (188+/-42 mg/dL versus 173+/-39 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.014) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (122+/-38 mg/dL versus 112+/-36 mg/dL, respectively; P = 0.025). In terms of inflammatory markers, progression patients had higher baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations (P = 0.018), which was also related to the subsequent angiographic severity score changes; however, sCD40L (6182+/-4352 pg/mL versus 6244+/-4602 pg/mL; P = 0.961), MCP-1 (427+/-540 pg/mL versus 341+/-128 pg/mL; P = 0.580) and adhesion molecules concentrations were indifferent between the progression group and the nonprogression group, respectively. Using a multivariate logistical regression model, the ORs for predicting progression were 2.19 for diabetes mellitus, 2.04 for hypercholesterolemia and 1.52 for hs-CRP (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study, only conventional risk factors, and particularly hs-CRP, were markers for predicting CAD progression. Novel risk factors, such as concentrations of sCD40L, MCP-1 and adhesion molecules, did not play significant roles.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kae-Woei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Wayne Huey-Herng
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Wen-Lieng
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tsun-Jui
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chih-Tai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ting
authors.forename: Ying-Tsung
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Jane
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000097:blood*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D002097:C-Reactive Protein