title: Effect of brisk walking in 1 or 2 daily bouts and moderate resistance training on lower-extremity muscle strength, balance, and walking performance in women who recently went through menopause: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Menopause may induce a phase of rapid decreases in bone mineral density, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, and balance, especially in sedentary women. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and feasibility of an exercise program of 1 or 2 bouts of walking and resistance training on lower-extremity muscle strength (the force-generating capacity of muscle), balance, and walking performance in women who recently went through menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 134 women who recently went through menopause. The study was a 15-week, randomized, controlled trial with continuous and fractionated exercise groups. The outcomes assessed were lower-extremity muscle strength, balance, and walking time over 2 km. Feasibility was assessed by questionnaires, interviews, and training logs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-eight women completed the study. Adherence to the study protocol was 92%. Both continuous and fractionated exercise groups improved equally in lower-extremity muscle strength and walking time but not in balance. Almost 70% of the subjects considered the program to be feasible. Two daily walking sessions caused fewer lower-extremity problems than did continuous walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brisk walking combined with moderate resistance training is feasible and effective. Fractionating the walking into 2 daily sessions is more feasible than continuous walking.
authors.affiliation: Satakunta Central Hospital, Sairaalantie 3, FIN-28500 Pori, Finland. tm.asikainen@sci.fi
authors.forename: Tuula-Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Asikainen
authors.forename: Jaana H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suni
authors.forename: Matti E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pasanen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oja
authors.forename: Marjo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rinne
authors.forename: Seppo I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Miilunpalo
authors.forename: Clas-Håkan A
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Nygård
authors.forename: Ilkka M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Vuori
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance; D016138:Walking