title: Ultrasound guided electrocoagulation in patients with chronic non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High resolution colour Doppler ultrasound shows intratendinous Doppler activity in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Treatment of this neovascularisation with sclerosing therapy seems to relieve the pain. However, the procedure often has to be repeated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of electrocoagulation of the neovessels on tendon pain and tendon vascularity in patients with chronic Achilles tendinopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colour Doppler ultrasound guided electrocoagulation was used on vessels in the ventral portion of the Achilles tendon in 11 patients (seven men, four women, mean age 41 years) with painful chronic mid-portion Achilles tendinosis. A unipolar coagulation device was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient dropped out after two months (dissatisfied with the results). The remaining 10 patients (91%) were satisfied. These 10 patients were still satisfied at six months of follow up and had returned to their previous level of activity. All 10 patients were "cured" after one treatment. The patient who dropped out received two treatments because of lack of progress. There was significantly reduced pain (Likert pain scale, 0-10) during activity, from a median of 7 (range 4 to 10) at baseline to 0 (0 to 8) at six months' follow up (p<0.005); and at rest, from 1.5 (1 to 5) to 0 (0 to 8) (p = 0.005). In all patients, vascularisation was unchanged at the six months follow up, with no significant change in semiquantitative or quantitative colour scoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coagulation in the area with vessels entering the tendon appears to be effective treatment for painful chronic mid-tendinous Achilles tendinopathy. No effect on the intratendinous Doppler activity could be detected, suggesting that the effect is independent of changes in blood flow. Localisation of hyperaemia appears to be the key to the pathology and for targeting the treatment. One explanation could be that the effect is obtained by destruction of nerves accompanying the vessels.
authors.affiliation: Parker Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark. morten.boesen@fh.hosp.dk
authors.forename: M Ilum
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Boesen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
authors.forename: M Juhl
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Langberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hölmich
authors.forename: M Bachmann
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bliddal
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D052256:Tendinopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods