title: [Predictive value of ventilatory and metabolic variables for risk of death in patients with cardiac failure].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the predictive value of respiratory, metabolic, and hemodynamic variables obtained during the cardiopulmonary stress test for the risk of death in patients with heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven NYHA Functional Class II and III patients were analyzed, ages 51 +/- 0.5 years, 26 of them with Chagas' disease, 30 with coronary ischemia, and 31 with idiopathic etiology. The cardiopulmonary stress test consisted of a ramp-protocol with 5 to 15 W/min workload increments performed on a bicycle-ergonometer until exhaustion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, the multiple Cox regression analysis of age, height, weight, body surface, and gender showed that these parameters were not statistically significant control factors. Oxygen uptake, ventilatory equivalent of oxygen, ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide production, oxygen pulse, and end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the anaerobic threshold, respiratory compensation point, and peak exercise proved to be important death predictors in heart failure patients. The relationship between the increase in carbon dioxide output as a function of the increase in minute ventilation, and the association between the oxygen uptake increase and the elevation of the workload from the beginning of exercise to the anaerobic threshold were statistically significant predictors of death in heart failure patients (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cardiopulmonary stress test makes it possible to evaluate ventilatory, metabolic, and hemodynamic variables that may be utilized as important markers of life prognosis in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, São Paulo, SP. cndbraga@incor.usp.br
authors.forename: Ana Maria F Wanderley
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Maria Urbana P B
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Rondon
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Negrão
authors.forename: Maurício
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wajngarten
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide