title: An infrared nuNH scale for weakly basic anions. Implications for single-molecule acidity and superacidity.
abstract: The N-H stretching frequencies of tri-n-octylammonium salts are reported for a series of weakly basic anions (A(-)), many of which are the conjugate bases of known strong acids and superacids. Data have been collected primarily in carbon tetrachloride, where Oct(3)N(+)-H...A(-) contact ion pairs are formed. In the more polar solvent 1,2-dichloroethane, some salts form both contact and solvent-separated ion pairs. Salts have also been studied in crystalline form or as oils. In general, the nuNH frequencies decrease in the order fluoroanions > carboranes > oxyanions, reflecting the relative basicities of the anions. By inference, the data reflect differences in the acidity of the corresponding conjugate acids (HA). This qualitative indicator of acid strength is useful because it reflects acidity on an individual molecule basis rather than in bulk. In this respect, it provides a condensed-phase analogy to gas-phase ("intrinsic") acidity and gives insight into the aggregation phenomena that determine bulk acidity. The data also reveal the importance of the chemical stability of conjugate base anions in attaining high acidity and suggest where acids stronger than those presently known may be discovered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Evgenii S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Stoyanov
authors.forename: Kee-Chan
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Reed
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry*; D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008958:Models, Molecular; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012492:Salts / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000838:Anions; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012492:Salts; C038229:tri-N-octylamine