title: The role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species in the acquisition of metastatic ability of tumor cells.
abstract: We examined the role of phagocyte-derived oxygen radicals in tumor cell acquisition of metastatic phenotype by comparing gp91(phox-/-) mice and C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice. The gp91(phox-/-) mouse is deficient in the gp91(phox) gene, an essential subunit of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase that generates superoxide anion. QR-32 fibrosarcoma cells are nonmetastatic but are converted into metastatic tumors once in contact with foreign body (gelatin sponge)-induced phagocytes in vivo. Compared to QR-32 cells co-implanted with the foreign body in WT mice, those in gp91(phox-/-) mice exhibited reduced metastasis. There was no difference in the incidence of primary tumors after injection of B16BL6 melanoma cells in WT and gp91(phox-/-) mice. However, after resection of the primary tumors, metastases were reduced in gp91(phox-/-) mice. Thymosin beta4 gene expression and cell motility/invasion were seen in the tumors from WT mice but not in those from gp91(phox-/-) mice. Adoptive transfer of phagocytes from WT mice, but not those from gp91(phox-/-) mice, restored the metastatic ability of tumors grown in gp91(phox-/-) mice. These findings show that tumor metastatic behavior can primarily be endowed by phagocyte-derived superoxide anion and its oxidative metabolites, which are generated through activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Function, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2, Iidanishi, Yamagata 990-9585 Japan.
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tokushige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tazawa
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iuchi
authors.forename: Kunishige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.forename: Masuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dinauer
authors.forename: Nicholas H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Hunt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000276:immunology; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D013481:Superoxides; C488842:Cybb protein, mouse; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases