title: [Long-term oncological results after laparoscopic, converted and primary open procedures for rectal carcinoma. Results of a multicenter observational study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer shows morbidity and oncological safety comparable to the open approach, but morbidity increases after conversion to open resection. No oncological long-term results are available for the latter patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 01/01/2000-31/12/2002, patients with curatively resected rectal cancer enrolled in a observational study were evaluated for morbidity, mortality, tumor- and local recurrence rate, paying attention to patients with conversion from laparoscopic to open resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  237 (3.3%) of 7,189 patients underwent laparoscopic resection (ITT). These patients showed significantly more T1/2 tumors (P<0.001) in earlier UICC stages (P<0.001) than open resected patients. 35 (14.8%) of 237 laparoscopic procedures were converted. Compared with patients receiving complete laparoscopic or open resection, these patients showed significantly higher frequencies of intraoperative (P<0.001) and general postoperative complications (P=0.003) as well as the highest overall morbidity (P=0.031). After a median follow-up of 30.1 months, the highest 5-year local recurrence rate was found in the converted group (16.0%). The laparoscopically resected patients showed a local recurrence rate of 3.3%, patients with open resection of 12.4% (P=0.082). The disease-free survival rate did not differ between the groups (P=0.585).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic resection of rectal cancer provides oncological results similar to open resection. After conversion, the short and oncological long-term outcomes were worse. Considering a conversion rate of 15%, only a strict indication for the laparoscopic approach can be allowed, and laparoscopic resection should be performed at centers.
authors.affiliation: An-Institut für Qualitätssicherung in der operativen Medizin, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg. henry.ptok@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ptok
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Steinert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Kröll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheele
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Köckerling
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gastinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lippert
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis