title: Breast feeding and blood lipid concentrations in male Brazilian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between breast feeding and blood lipid levels in adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based prospective birth cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  City of Pelotas, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospital births taking place in 1982; 79% of all males (n = 2250) were followed up for 18 years, and 2089 blood samples were available.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total cholesterol and fractions (very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)), LDL/HDL ratio, serum triglycerides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three breast feeding variables were studied: total duration of breast feeding, duration of exclusive or predominant breast feeding, and ever compared with never breast fed. Adjusted analyses were controlled for family income, household assets index, maternal education, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), skin colour, birth weight, gestational age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and adolescent BMI, and behavioural variables (fat content of diet, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol drinking). Only one association reached borderline significance (p = 0.05): LDL cholesterol was slightly higher among never (mean 41.0 mg/dl; 95% CI 39.4 to 42.7) than among ever breast fed men (38.6 mg/dl; 95% CI 38.6 to 40.3), in the adjusted analyses. All other associations were not significant (p> or =0.09). There was no evidence of effect modification according to preterm status, intrauterine growth retardation, socioeconomic level, growth velocity in the first two years of life, or nutritional status at 2 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no clear association between breast feeding duration and serum lipid concentrations at the age of 18 years in this sample of Brazilian men.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, CP 464, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cesar G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Victora
authors.forename: Bernardo L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Rosângela C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Jacqueline W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: De Leon Elizalde
authors.forename: Branca Maria Cerezer
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Gerson
authors.forename: Fernando C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides