title: Apoptosis inducing activity of 4-substituted coumarins from Calophyllum brasiliense in human leukaemia HL-60 cells.
abstract: With the objective of identifying anti-tumour-promoting agents, we carried out a primary screening of ten 4-substituted coumarins isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Guttiferae), to determine the ability of these compounds to inhibit proliferation of the human leukaemia cell line HL-60. Among the 4-substituted coumarins isolated, calophyllolide (2) and mammea B/BB (3) showed significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells. Fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells with fragmented nuclei and condensed chromatin increased in a time-dependent manner after treatment with calophyllolide (2) or mammea B/BB (3). In addition, the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3 was also enhanced in a time-dependent manner upon treatment with the 4-substituted coumarins 2 and 3. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibitors suppressed apoptosis induced by 4-substituted coumarins 2 and 3. These results suggest that calophyllolide (2) and mammea B/ BB (3) induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway, which is triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tomiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoigawa
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D029759:Calophyllum / Q000737:chemistry*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003374:Coumarins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003374:Coumarins; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9