title: [Noninvasive and invasive bladder cancer: diagnostics and treatment].
abstract: Therapy of superficial bladder tumors is transurethral resection (TUR), and in cases of pT1 or high-grade tumors a re-TUR is indicated. Patients with carcinoma in situ receive intravesical chemotherapy or BCG for at least 3 months. Persistent carcinoma in situ may be treated by radical cystectomy. With the provision of a functionally adequate urinary diversion, cystectomy represents an effective treatment for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer without metastatic spread. Regional lymph node metastases can be found in up to 15% of stage T1 disease and are present in 33% of stage T3/4 lesions. Thus, lymphadenectomy gains diagnostic and possibly also therapeutic importance. For selected patients, who cannot be treated by radical cystectomy, multimodal concepts aiming to preserve the bladder are discussed. After or prior to cystectomy systemic chemotherapy may become necessary for some patients to positively affect the course of the disease in cases of locally advanced or metastatic lesions.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goebell
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vom Dorp
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rödel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frohneberg
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Thüroff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jocham
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stief
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knüchel
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kausch
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaak
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiesner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rübben
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents