title: Periorbital zygomycosis (mucormycosis) treated with posaconazole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on the successful treatment of periorbital zygomycosis (mucormycosis) with posaconazole, a broad-spectrum oral antifungal available for compassionate use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of a medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 22-year-old male undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with periorbital cellulitis attributable to Rhizopus. The patient was initially treated with liposomal amphotericin B, surgical debridement, and reversal of immune compromise. The patient was switched to posaconazole because of amphotericin side effects and lack of improvement. He took posaconazole for five months while undergoing additional cycles of chemotherapy. Despite recurrent profound neutropenia, the periorbital infection resolved, he tolerated reconstructive procedures, and he did not develop orbital invasion. His Rhizopus isolate was highly susceptible to posaconazole in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug toxicities can limit the use of amphotericin in some patients with zygomycosis. Posaconazole shows promise as an alternative antifungal agent in the treatment of periorbital zygomycosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. tinarutar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rutar
authors.forename: Kimberly P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Cockerham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014230:Triazoles; C101425:posaconazole