title: Impact of atrial septal defect closure on right ventricular performance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is one of the most representative cardiac operations, but there have been few assessments of right ventricular (RV) performance during the perioperative period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using transesophageal echocardiography with automated border detection system, the RV pressure - area (P-A) loops were measured in 6 patients immediately before and after an ASD closure. Multiple RV P-A loops obtained by the inferior vena cava occlusion technique were used to evaluate end-systolic maximal elastance (Ees), preload recruitable stroke work (MEW), external work (EW) and the systolic P-A area (PAA). Ees and MEW are indices of contractility, and PAA represents the total mechanical energy. RV Ees and MEW did not change after the operation (from 3.36 +/- 2.20 to 3.70 +/- 2.04 mmHg/cm2, p = 0.4; and from 10.3 +/- 5.0 to 10.5 +/- 4.5 mmHg, p = 0.8, respectively), whereas EW and PAA were significantly reduced (from 121.4 +/- 77.4 to 48.7 +/- 26.6 mmHg/cm2, p < 0.05; and from 274.8 +/- 212.8 to 92.7 +/- 52.8 mmHg/cm2, p < 0.05, respectively). ASD closure reduced the EW and total mechanical energy of the right ventricle without influencing contractility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that ASD closure preserved RV function and reduced RV myocardial oxygen consumption. Assessment of the RV P-A relationship in the operating room demonstrates the beneficial effects of ASD closure on RV performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Munetaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tominaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right; D017725:Ventricular Pressure