title: Biodegradation of the fungicide iprodione by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii strain DBVPG 6399.
abstract: Iprodione is a contact fungicide used to control several pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea, Monilia, and Sclerotinia. This paper reports the ability of an iprodione-resistant strain of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii to degrade iprodione at a concentration of 1 mg L(-1). The yeast Z. rouxii was chosen also for its ability to grow at high osmolarity. Also of note is that in bioremediation situations and in the food industry such resistance could be important. The kinetic and metabolic behaviors of the fungicide in the media are described. The results show a new transformation pathway of iprodione by the yeast leading to the formation of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-dioxoimidazoline, 3-isopropylhydantoin, and 3,5-dichloroaniline. These compounds were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC-MS analyses. This study provides a basis to employ yeast strains in biodegradation studies in relation to their ability in the disappearance and degradation of xenobiotics into simpler molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Agro-environmental and Animal Biotechnology, Section of Applied Microbiology, and Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, 72, 06121 Perugia, Italy. zadra@unipg.it
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zadra
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardinali
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corte
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fatichenti
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marucchini
mesh_terms: D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D003470:Culture Media; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006827:Hydantoins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D020068:Zygosaccharomyces / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006827:Hydantoins; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; C033148:iprodione