title: Partially degraded RNA from bladder washing is a suitable sample for studying gene expression profiles in bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of different levels of RNA degradation on gene expression measurements and to ascertain if the gene expression profile obtained from bladder washing (BW) correlates to that obtained from the related bladder tumour (BT).
  
  
  METHODS
  BT and BW RNAs from the same patient were heat shocked to obtain three RNA degradation states, which were compared with intact RNAs from healthy bladders by using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays. All samples were amplified by means of a T3N9-based transcription method. In addition, four of the differentially expressed genes in microarrays related to bladder cancer (KRT20, IGF2, GSN, and CCL2) were analyzed in 36 tumoural and 14 control BW samples by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high percentage of overlapping differentially expressed genes were detected between BT arrays (85-91%) and between BW arrays (78-93%). Furthermore, the similarity between BW and BT arrays was relatively high and independent of the RNA degradation state (52-60%). Finally, expression differences for the four selected genes were confirmed in the vast majority of extended BW samples tested by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that partially degraded RNA samples analyzed by cDNA microarrays yielded gene expression profiles comparable to those obtained using intact RNA. Moreover, BW RNA exhibited gene expression patterns similar to those identified in the BT, indicating that BW is an appropriate sample for studying gene expression profiles of BT using cDNA microarrays. In addition, qRT-PCR results further support the suitability of BW for gene expression profiling and its potential use for routine diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mengual
authors.forename: Moisès
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burset
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ars
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ribal
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Minana
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sumoy
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
mesh_terms: D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D053554:Keratin-20 / Q000235:genetics; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000502:physiology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C035170:IGF2 protein, human; C507499:KRT20 protein, human; D053554:Keratin-20; D011506:Proteins; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II