title: Animal disease outbreak control: the use of crisis management tools.
abstract: In this era of globalisation the effective control of animal disease outbreaks requires powerful crisis management tools. In the 1990s software packages for different sectors of the government and agricultural industry began to be developed. In 2004, as a special application for tracking the movement of animals and animal products, the European Union developed the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES) on the basis of its predecessor, the ANImal MOvement (ANIMO) project. The nationwide use of the ANIMO system by the veterinary authorities in Germany marked the beginning of the development in 1993 of a computerised national animal disease reporting system--the TierSeuchenNachrichten (TSN)--using the ANIMO hardware and software components. In addition to TRACES and TSN the third pillar for the management of animal disease outbreaks and crises in Germany is the national cattle and swine database--called Herkunftssicherungs- und Informationssystem für Tiere. A high degree of standardisation is necessary when integrating the different solutions at all levels of government and with the private sector. In this paper, the authors describe the use of these tools on the basis of their experience and in relation to what we can do now and what we should opt for in the future.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Seestrasse 55, 16868 Wusterhausen/Dosse, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroschewski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Micklich
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staubach
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carmanns
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Conraths
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004189:Disaster Planning; D018563:Disease Notification; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005062:European Union; D005544:Forecasting; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D005858:Germany; D019221:Mandatory Reporting