title: Do biomarkers of stress mediate the relation between socioeconomic status and health?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the relation between socioeconomic status (SES) and biomarkers of chronic stress, including basal cortisol, and to test whether these biomarkers account for the relation between SES and health outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study using data from the 2000 social and environmental biomarkers of aging study (SEBAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative sample of 972 men and women aged 54 and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Highest risk quartiles for 13 biomarkers representing functioning of the neuroendocrine system, immune/inflammatory systems, and the cardiovascular system: cortisol, adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serum dihydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), interleukin 6 (IL6), albumin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist-hip ratio, total cholesterol-HDL ratio, HDL cholesterol, and glycosylated haemoglobin; self reported health status (1-5) and self reported mobility difficulties (0-6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower SES men have greater odds of falling into the highest risk quartile for only 2 of 13 biomarkers, and show a lower risk for 3 of the 13 biomarkers, with no association between SES and cortisol. Lower SES women have a higher risk for many of the cardiovascular risk factors, but a lower risk for increased basal readings of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol. Inclusion of all 13 biological markers does not explain the relation between SES and health outcomes in the sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data do not support the hypothesis that chronic stress, via sustained activation of stress related autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, is an important mediator in the relation between SES and health outcomes. Most notably, lower SES is not associated with higher basal levels of cortisol in either men or women. These results place an increased burden of proof on researchers who assert that psychosocial stress is an important pathway linking SES and health.
authors.affiliation: Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan,1214 South University Avenue, 2nd Floor, Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2548, USA. jennbeamdowd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dowd
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers