title: Treatment and prognosis of post term choriocarcinoma in The Netherlands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antecedent term pregnancy is an adverse prognostic factor in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD). In The Netherlands, patients with post term choriocarcinoma are considered high-risk independent of WHO score. In the present study, we assessed whether post term choriocarcinoma always has to be considered high-risk, requiring first line treatment with combination chemotherapy, or whether a subgroup of patients is distinguishable in which single-agent Methotrexate is a safe alternative.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Patients registered by the Dutch Working Party on Trophoblastic Disease between 1986 and 2004 with choriocarcinoma after a non-molar pregnancy were eligible. Hospital and outpatient records of the patients were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 68 patients with non-molar choriocarcinoma were registered of whom 44 had an antecedent term pregnancy. Most post term patients (77%) were high-risk according to the WHO staging system. The majority of patients presented with metrorraghia and high hCG levels. Lung and liver metastases were common (respectively 64% and 28%), probably caused by a delay in diagnosis (median interval 16 weeks). Patients were often Methotrexate-resistant (75%). Overall survival was 86% in patients with a post term choriocarcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although term pregnancy is an adverse prognostic factor in GTD, current survival is comparable to the general survival in high-risk patients. A subgroup of patients in which monotherapy would be sufficient could not be identified. Immediate administration of combination chemotherapy seems justified, even in those few cases when scoring systems would suggest low- or medium-risk disease.
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.a.lok@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Christianne A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.forename: Anca C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ansink
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grootfaam
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: Rene H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Verheijen
authors.forename: Marianne J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: ten Kate-Booij
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006828:Hydatidiform Mole / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008727:Methotrexate