Historical and geographical aspects of the increasing perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate contamination in human serum in Japan.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have recently received attention due to their widespread contamination in the environment, as well as in wildlife and humans. We measured the PFOS and PFOA concentrations in historically recorded human serum samples at an age range between 20 and 59 years collected in Kyoto, 20 persons per each time point (n=100), and also the PFOS and PFOA concentrations in human serum samples at an age range between 20 and 59 years from 10 locations throughout Japan (n=200). The historical samples collected from 1983 to 1999 demonstrated that the PFOA concentrations in males and females from Kyoto have increased 4.4-fold and 4.3-fold at a rate of increase of 0.49 ng/ml/year and 0.42 ng/ml/year, respectively. In contrast, serum concentrations of PFOS reached a plateau in the late 1980s. There are also regional differences in both the PFOS and PFOA serum concentrations. The concentrations in serum [geometric mean (geometric standard deviation)] (ng/ml) in 2003-2004 ranged from 7.6(1.6) in the town of Matsuoka in Fukui prefecture to 27.8(1.6) in Kyoto city, and ranged from 2.3(1.5) in Matsuoka to 14.5(1.3) in Osaka city for PFOS and PFOA, respectively.
Harada
Kouji
K
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Koizumi
Akio
A
Saito
Norimitsu
N
Inoue
Kayoko
K
Yoshinaga
Takeo
T
Date
Chigusa
C
Fujii
Shigeo
S
Hachiya
Noriyuki
N
Hirosawa
Iwao
I
Koda
Shigeki
S
Kusaka
Yukinori
Y
Murata
Katsuyuki
K
Omae
Kazuyuki
K
Shimbo
Shinichiro
S
Takenaka
Katsunobu
K
Takeshita
Tatsuya
T
Todoriki
Hidemi
H
Wada
Yasuhiko
Y
Watanabe
Takao
T
Ikeda
Masayuki
M
D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid