title: Pure pineal germinomas: analysis of gender incidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pure pineal germinomas have been rarely reported in girls. Gender incidence and differences of pure pineal germinomas are not well known. The authors report a series of pure pineal germinoma and its gender characteristic is reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 50 germ cell tumors operated on between 1988 and 2004 we found 26 cases (median age at diagnosis, 12 years) of pineal germ cell tumors. Of these, 14 cases (male/female ratio: 13/1) were pure pineal germinomas, and 12 cases (male/female ratio: 12/0) were non-germinoma germ cell tumors. In pure pineal germinomas, the main clinical presentations were intracranial hypertension and cranial nerve dysfunction. Imaging studies disclosed a homogeneous type of tumor (n = 10) and associated hydrocephalus (n = 6). Cases were managed with biopsy and subsequent radiation therapy and chemotherapy. After a follow up of 10 years, pure germinoma cases have no neurological deficits and tumor recurrence. The literature on gender incidence of pure pineal germinomas is analyzed and possible causes are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rare, pure pineal germinoma can be found in female subjects. On the basis of the literature review, the male/female ratio in cases of pure pineal germinoma is between 5:1 and 22:1 (mean 14:1). In our series, the male/female ratio was 13:1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, National Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. vcuccia@fibertel.com.ar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cuccia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galarza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D018237:Germinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010871:Pinealoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome