title: Brain correlates of discourse processing: an fMRI investigation of irony and conventional metaphor comprehension.
abstract: Higher levels of discourse processing evoke patterns of cognition and brain activation that extend beyond the literal comprehension of sentences. We used fMRI to examine brain activation patterns while 16 healthy participants read brief three-sentence stories that concluded with either a literal, metaphoric, or ironic sentence. The fMRI images acquired during the reading of the critical sentence revealed a selective response of the brain to the two types of nonliteral utterances. Metaphoric utterances resulted in significantly higher levels of activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and in bilateral inferior temporal cortex than the literal and ironic utterances. Ironic statements resulted in significantly higher activation levels than literal statements in the right superior and middle temporal gyri, with metaphoric statements resulting in intermediate levels in these regions. The findings show differential hemispheric sensitivity to these aspects of figurative language, and are relevant to models of the functional cortical architecture of language processing in connected discourse.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making, Psychology Department, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. zohare@research.haifa.ac.il
authors.forename: Zohar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Eviatar
authors.forename: Marcel Adam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Just
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D019365:Metaphor; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011932:Reading
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen