title: Plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors are related to total and LDL-cholesterol in lean, but not in obese subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is a mediator of insulin resistance. Plasma levels of soluble TNFalpha receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) probably reflect paracrine action of the cytokine. TNFalpha is also a regulator of lipid metabolism, however, data about impact of obesity on the relationships between TNFalpha and plasma lipids remain controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of TNFalpha system with plasma lipids in lean and obese subjects with normal glucose metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 63 subjects, 33 lean (BMI<25 kg x m(-2)) and 30 with marked overweight or obesity (BMI>27.8 kg x m(-2)). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese subjects were markedly more insulin resistant and had higher levels of both TNFalpha receptors. Total (TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were also higher in the obese group. In obese subjects, both receptors were significantly related to TG and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), while sTNFR2 was also associated with NEFA. All those correlations disappeared after controlling for insulin sensitivity. In lean subjects, both receptors were related to TC, HDL-C and LDL-C. In that group, sTNFR1 predicted values of all those parameters independently of BMI, plasma glucose and insulin, and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that TNFalpha receptors are associated with plasma lipids in different way in lean and in obese subjects. TNFalpha system is probably important in determining cholesterol levels in lean subjects, while in obese this effect might be masked by other metabolic abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M,C, Sklodowskiej 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland. mstraczkowski@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Straczkowski
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nikolajuk
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamska
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karolczuk-Zarachowicz
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karczewska-Kupczewska
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozlowska
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000502:physiology; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood*; D013851:Thinness / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose