title: Feasibility and short-term efficacy of percutaneous mitral annular reduction for the therapy of functional mitral regurgitation in patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While functional mitral regurgitation (MR) commonly accompanies heart failure and contributes to heart failure progression, mitral repair in the setting of HF is not routinely practiced because of the attendant significant morbidity and mortality. This limitation has fostered the development of percutaneous devices to reduce MR, and our group has recently reported the short- and long-term effectiveness of a percutaneous mitral annuloplasty device placed in the coronary sinus (Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty Device (PMAD), Cardiac Dimensions(R), Inc., Kirkland, WA) in reducing MR in experimental animal models of heart failure with associated MR. In this article, we report results of a "first-in-human" study of temporary placement of the PMAD device. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of temporary deployment of this device in patients with functional MR in association with heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients undergoing scheduled coronary angiography with heart failure and functional MR (mean age 52 +/- 9 [SD] years) were recruited, and four had anatomy suitable for deployment of the device. Transthoracic echocardiography and coronary angiography were performed before and after temporary placement and tensioning of the PMAD via the right internal jugular vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Temporary deployment of the device resulted in a significant reduction in the septal-lateral mitral annular dimension from 35.5 +/- 4.7 to 32.2 +/- 4.6 mm (P = 0.02), with evidence of a reduction in the MR color Doppler area from 98.3 +/- 43.6 to 83.3 +/- 35.1 mm(2) (P = 0.09). There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first-in-human study of a novel device for percutaneous treatment of functional MR has shown that temporary placement of this device in the coronary sinus/great cardiac vein of patients with heart failure and MR is feasible and safe. Evidence of temporary reduction in MR and a reduction in mitral annular area indicate promise for device effectiveness in chronic implantation.
authors.affiliation: The Alfred and Baker Medical Unit, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Federman
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farrington
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Meroula
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D019736:Prostheses and Implants