title: [Evaluation of the role of occupational and environmental exposure to inorganic arsenic in the urinary excretion of the metal: preliminary data].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary inorganic arsenic is an expression of occupational exposure to the metal, provided that there is no history of ingestion of foods containing high concentrations of inorganic and/or organic arsenic. The present study was conducted to assess the contribution of professional and environmental exposure to inorganic arsenic on urinary excretion of the metal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 195 workers at a steelfoundry in Taranto, exposed to very low concentrations of inorganic arsenic and two control groups consisting of 105 subjects resident near the factory and 144 subjects resident approximately 20 Km away. All participants were administered a questionnaire enquiring about general characteristics, lifestyle, occupational and extra occupational exposure to arsenic. Urinary arsenic was determined by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposed and non exposed subjects were similar as regards general characteristics and lifestyle. The environmental concentration of arsenic for the foundryworkers was invariably lower than 0.1 microg/m3. Urinary excretion of arsenic was higher in the subjects in all three groups, examined singly and together, if they had eaten crustaceans and/or shellfish in the three days before urine collection. There was a significant positive correlation with the consumption of shellfish and a significant negative correlation with the number of days since the last crustacean/shellfish meal. Multiple regression analysis showed a dependence of urinary elimination of arsenic on the days since the last crustacean/shellfish meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of occupational exposure to arsenic allowed us to attribute the higher urinary elimination of arsenic to ingestion of crustaceans and/or shellfish in the three days before collection of the urine, both in subjects exposed to inorganic arsenic and in the two groups belonging to the general population. Our results support the hypothesis that inorganic arsenic, determined by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry, may derive from the catabolism of organic arsenic compounds contained in crustaceans and/or shellfish included in the diet.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Intema e Medicina Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina del Lavoro EC Vigliani Università di Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gigante
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antelmi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iavicoli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Persechino
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Drago
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conversano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gagliardi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lovreglio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soleo
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic