Phenylphosphonic acid functionalization of indium tin oxide: surface chemistry and work functions.
The work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates was modified with phosphonic acid molecular films. The ITO surfaces were treated prior to functionalization with a base cleaning procedure. The film growth and coverage were quantified by contact angle goniometry and XPS. Film orientation was determined by reflection/absorption infrared spectroscopy using ITO-on-Cr substrates. The absolute work functions of nitrophenyl- and cyanophenyl-phosphonic acid films in ITO were determined by Kelvin probe measurement to be 5.60 and 5.77 eV, respectively.
Koh
Sharon E
SE
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA.
McDonald
Krystal D
KD
Holt
David H
DH
Dulcey
Charles S
CS
Chaney
John A
JA
Pehrsson
Pehr E
PE