title: Linking clinical care to community resources for cardiovascular disease prevention: the North Carolina Enhanced WISEWOMAN project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) project addresses the need for effective cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention among underserved, midlife women. We describe an Enhanced Intervention that addressed environmental and individual factors within the context of a clinic-based intervention. We also present the study design and baseline results of the randomized trial to evaluate the enhanced intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The multicomponent behavior change intervention addressed many elements of the Chronic Care Model (CCM), including the community resources and policy element, wherein Enhanced Intervention participants were encouraged to overcome environmental barriers to a healthy lifestyle by using community resources. Study participants were enrolled at one community health center; all were low-income, underinsured, midlife (40-64 years) women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 236 participants were randomized to receive the Enhanced Intervention or the Minimum Intervention. At baseline, over three fourths of the participants were overweight or obese. Participants reported a variety of problematic neighborhood characteristics, including a paucity of restaurants with healthy food choices (41% reported as a problem); not enough farmer's markets or produce stands (50%), not enough affordable exercise places (52%), not enough physical activity programs that met women's needs (42%), heavy traffic (47%), and speeding drivers (53%). Overall, women knew little about affordable exercise venues and nutrition classes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this clinic-based intervention, we addressed environmental factors related to a healthy lifestyle. Results indicate the need for effective and feasible intervention strategies to address the environments in which individuals are making behavior changes. The effectiveness of the WISEWOMAN Enhanced Intervention will be assessed in a randomized trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine and Public Health, and the Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7426, USA. jilcott@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Stephanie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jilcott
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Keyserling
authors.forename: Carmen D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Samuel-Hodge
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rosamond
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Julie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Will
authors.forename: Rosanne P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ammerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019033:Delivery of Health Care, Integrated / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health; D014932:Women's Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*