title: Methods to study replication fork collapse in budding yeast.
abstract: Replication of the eukaryotic genome is a difficult task, as cells must coordinate chromosome replication with chromatin remodeling, DNA recombination, DNA repair, transcription, cell cycle progression, and sister chromatid cohesion. Yet, DNA replication is a potentially genotoxic process, particularly when replication forks encounter a bulge in the template: forks under these conditions may stall and restart or even break down leading to fork collapse. It is now clear that fork collapse stimulates chromosomal rearrangements and therefore represents a potential source of DNA damage. Hence, the comprehension of the mechanisms that preserve replication fork integrity or that promote fork collapse are extremely relevant for the understanding of the cellular processes controlling genome stability. Here we describe some experimental approaches that can be used to physically visualize the quality of replication forks in the yeast S. cerevisiae and to distinguish between stalled and collapsed forks.
authors.affiliation: F.I.R.C. Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation and DSBB-University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giordano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liberi
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cotta-Ramusino
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Jose'
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sogo
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bensimon
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foiani
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002455:Cell Division; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004261:DNA Replication; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal