title: Early hemodynamic and renal effects of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution, hydroxyethyl starch, and hypertonic saline with or without 6% dextran-70.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considering the renal effects of fluid resuscitation in hemorrhaged patients, the choice of fluid has been a source of controversy. In a model of hemorrhagic shock, we studied the early hemodynamic and renal effects of fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's (LR), 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) with or without 6% dextran-70 (HSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight dogs were anesthetized and submitted to splenectomy. An estimated 40% blood volume was removed to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 40 mm Hg for 30 min. The dogs were divided into four groups: LR, in a 3:1 ratio to removed blood volume; HS, 6 mL kg(-1); HSD, 6 mL kg(-1); and HES in a 1:1 ratio to removed blood volume. Hemodynamics and renal function were studied during shock and 5, 60, and 120 min after fluid replacement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shock treatment increased MAP similarly in all groups. At 5 min, cardiac filling pressures and cardiac performance indexes were higher for LR and HES but, after 120 min, there were no differences among groups. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were higher in LR at 60 min but GFR returned to baseline values in all groups at 120 min. Diuresis was higher for LR at 5 min and for LR and HES at 60 min. There were no differences among groups in renal variables 120 min after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the immediate differences in hemodynamic responses, the low-volume resuscitation fluids, HS and HSD, are equally effective to LR and HES in restoring renal performance 120 min after hemorrhagic shock treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, UNESP - University of São Paulo State, Medical School of Botucatu, Botucatu/SP, Brazil. pnasc@fmb.unesp.br
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Odilar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: de Paiva Filho
authors.forename: Lídia Raquel
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: José Reinaldo Cerqueira
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Braz
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003911:Dextrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000628:therapy*; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D017725:Ventricular Pressure
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D000077325:Ringer's Lactate; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic