title: Compound class specific 14C analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with PM10 and PM1.1 aerosols from residential areas of suburban Tokyo.
abstract: Compound class specific radiocarbon analysis (CCSRA) was performed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with airborne particulate matter (APM) with diameter <10 microm (PM10) and <1.1 microm (PM1.1) collected from a residential area of suburban Tokyo, Japan, and seasonal and particle-size radiocarbon variations were investigated. Source diagnostic isomer pair ratios indicated mixed contributions from petroleum combustion and from biomass and coal combustion to the PAHs in APM. The delta14C- PAHs in APM, ranging from -787 to -514 per thousand, indicated dominance of fossil fuel combustion. The delta14C of 5-6 rings (HMW) PAHs were higher than the 3-4 rings (LMW) species in both PM10 and PM1.1 samples. The delta14C of HMW-PAHs indicated greater biomass-burning contributions in summer than in winter and no apparent particle-size variation. Conversely, the delta14C of LMW species showed a greater contribution from fossil sources in summer and in larger particles (PM10). This finding could be tentatively attributed to the recondensation of fossil-PAHs vaporized from petroleum sources. A 14C isotopic mass balance approach estimated that biomass burning contributes 17-45% of the PAH burden in suburban Tokyo, and that the increase in the biomass-PAH accounts for approximately 27% and 22% of winter-time elevation of LMW- and HMW-PAHs, respectively. These are far exceeding what is expected from the emission statistics for CO2 and combusted materials in Japan and emphasizing the importance of biomass-burning as a source of PAHs; which, in turn, demonstrates the utility and the significance of field-based source assessment by using CCSRA for an effective regulation of atmospheric pollution by PAHs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan. kumata@ls.toyaku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumata
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Kitao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005579:Fossil Fuels / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D010316:Particle Size; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014041:Tokyo
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons