title: Cancer during pregnancy alters the activity of rat placenta and enhances the expression of cleaved PARP, cytochrome-c and caspase 3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of cancer makes it difficult to predict the progress of pregnancy and can be deleterious to the maternal-foetal relationship. Apoptosis may affect a range of placental functions and result in the retardation of foetal growth. In this work, we investigated the placental alterations produced by tumour growth and the effects on the expression of apoptotic factors in placental tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female Wistar rats (90 days old, n = 54) were allocated to control (C), tumour-bearing (W), or ascitic fluid-injected (A) groups and were killed on the 16th, 19th or 21st day of pregnancy. Placental tissues were analysed using biochemical and histochemical assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The placental protein content and glutathione-S-transferase activity were decreased in groups W and A. Histochemical analysis showed an increase in the number of cells with cleaved PARP, caspase 3 and cytochrome-c in groups W and A, indicating that the tumour growth clearly damaged placental tissue and affected the levels of apoptotic factors. These results were confirmed by western blotting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since trophoblastic cells are responsible for maintaining a normal placental function, the uncontrolled death of these cells in response to tumour cell growth or substances derived from ascitic fluid could have a negative impact on foetal development. Further knowledge of these events may help to preserve the foetus and placenta during development.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, CP 6109, 13083-970, SP, Brazil. mttoledo1@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mércia Tancredo
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Gislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ventrucci
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marcondes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D045304:Cytochromes c; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3