title: Neuropathological spectrum of lesions associated with intractable epilepsies: a 10-year experience with a series of 153 resections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical management of intractable epilepsies is currently an established mode of therapy in various clinical settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the neuropathological findings in both temporal and extratemporal lobe resections in such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included resected specimens from patients with intractable epilepsy managed at a tertiary care hospital of India, during a 10-year period (1995-2004).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 153 patients, with mean age of 19.4 years and male predominance (73.2%) were included in the study. Overall, there was a predilection for the temporal lobe (73.2%), while 41cases were extratemporal in location. On histopathology, mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) (24.8%) was the commonest lesion, followed by tumors (19.6%) and isolated focal cortical dysplasia (FCD - 15.11%). Other less common findings included Rasmussen encephalitis, non-specific gliosis and vascular malformations. In addition, 20.9% (32 cases) had dual lesions, majority of which included FCD with ganglioglioma (15 cases) or with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (12 cases). In the temporal lobe, neoplasms and dual lesions formed the majority (apart from MTS), unlike dual lesions followed by neoplasms and FCD, in the extratemporal location.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series demonstrates that most patients with chronic intractable epilepsy have significant histopathological findings and highlights the neuropathological spectrum of such lesions, in the Indian context. This was similar to that reported from the West, but different from the single Indian series available in the literature. Further, the overall profile of temporal lobe lesions was not different from the extratemporal ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. drchitrasarkar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Chitra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Mehar Chand
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Prabal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: P Sarat
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Manvir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Shailesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaikwad
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002549:Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000473:pathology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants