title: A prospective, randomized multicenter trial of the empirical addition of antifungal therapy for febrile neutropenic cancer patients: results of the Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy (PEG) Multicenter Trial II.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of empirical antifungals in combination with broad spectrum antibiotics with that of antibiotics alone in high risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients not responding to initial antibacterial therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted at 22 cancer centers in Germany. Patients with fever of unknown origin were randomized to either piperacillin (Pip) plus an aminoglycoside (AMG) (arm A) or a third generation cephalosporin (Ceph) plus AMG (arm B). Patients not responding after 4-6 days were randomized to either imipenem (Imi) plus glycopeptide (GLP) (arm C), or Imi/GLP plus amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) plus 5-flucytosine (5-FC) (arm D), or Imi/GLP plus fluconazole (Fluco) (arm E). A successful outcome was defined as resolution of fever.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In arm A, 192 of 373 patients (51.5%) responded as compared to 176 of 344 patients (51.2%) in arm B. The response rates of 155 patients randomized for further empirical treatment were 55.6%, 77.8% and 62.5% in arm C, D and E, respectively. The difference between arm C and D was of borderline statistical significance (p = 0.06) after correction for multiple testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In neutropenic cancer patients with persistent fever the combination of antibiotics with AmB/5-FC is superior to salvage antibacterial therapy alone. There is no difference in efficacy between Pip and third generation Ceph given as initial empirical therapy in combination with an AMG.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Internal Medicine III, Ludwig Maximillian University-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Schiel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maschmeyer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Cornely
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buchheidt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helmerking
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hiddemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ostermann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hentrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents