title: Vasopressin antagonists.
abstract: Effects of vasopressin via V1a- and V2-receptors are closely implicated in a variety of water-retaining diseases and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, hyponatraemia, hypertension, renal diseases, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, cirrhosis and ocular hypertension. As vasopressin receptors are found in many different tissues, vasopressin antagonists may benefit the treatment of disorders such as cerebral ischaemia and stroke, Raynaud's disease, dysmenorrhoea and tocolytic treatment. V1b selective vasopressin antagonists are discussed in terms of their usefulness in the treatment of emotional and psychiatric disorders. The vaptans are vasopressin receptor antagonists with V1a (relcovaptan) or V2 (tolvaptan, lixivaptan) selectivity or non-selective activity (conivaptan) which may be advantageous in some disorders. The V1a/V2 non-selective vasopressin antagonist conivaptan is the first vaptan which is approved by the FDA for the treatment of euvolaemic hyponatraemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. rosa.lemmens@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lemmens-Gruber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamyar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001381:Azepines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001549:Benzamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001665:Binding Sites; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011758:Pyrroles; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077602:Tolvaptan; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001569:Benzodiazepines
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001381:Azepines; D001549:Benzamides; D001552:Benzazepines; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D007211:Indoles; D011758:Pyrroles; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D000077602:Tolvaptan; D014667:Vasopressins; C106389:conivaptan; C409452:lixivaptan; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C082134:relcovaptan