title: Three-dimensional ultrasound assessment of the cervix for predicting time to spontaneous onset of labor and time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound including power Doppler examination of the cervix is useful for predicting time to spontaneous onset of labor or time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted in 60 women who went into spontaneous labor. All underwent transvaginal 3D power Doppler ultrasound examination of the cervix immediately before a prolonged-pregnancy check-up at > or = 41 + 5 gestational weeks. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine which of the following variables predicted spontaneous onset of labor > 24 h and > 48 h and vaginal delivery > 48 h and > 60 h: length, anteroposterior (AP) diameter and width of the cervix and of any cervical funneling; cervical volume (cm3); vascularization index (VI); flow index (FI); vascularization flow index (VFI); parity; and Bishop score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out both with and without Bishop score as a predictive variable. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to describe the diagnostic performance of the tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The areas under the ROC curves for Bishop score, cervical length, and logistic regression models did not differ significantly (areas ranging from 0.72 to 0.82). If Bishop score was not included in the logistic regression model, cervical length, VI and FI independently predicted delivery > 48 h, the likelihood increasing with increasing cervical length, decreasing VI and increasing FI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In prolonged pregnancy cervical vascularization as estimated by 3D power Doppler ultrasound is related to time to delivery > 48 h, but the likelihood of delivery > 48 h can be predicted equally well using Bishop score alone or sonographic cervical length alone.
authors.affiliation: Obstetric, Gynecological and Prenatal Ultrasound Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rovas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sladkevicius
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Smet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Moor
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020070:Cervical Ripening / Q000502:physiology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007745:Labor Onset / Q000502:physiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011273:Pregnancy, Prolonged / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*