title: Impact of volume guarantee ventilation on arterial carbon dioxide tension in newborn infants: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of the two modes of ventilation, synchronous intermittent positive pressure ventilation (SIPPV) and SIPPV with Volume Guarantee (VG), on arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)) immediately after neonatal unit admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised study of ventilation mode for premature inborn infants admitted to two tertiary neonatal units. After admission, infants were randomised to receive either SIPPV or VG using a Dräger Babylog 8000 plus ventilator. In the SIPPV group, peak airway pressure was set clinically. In the VG group, desired tidal volume was set at 4 ml/kg, with the ventilator adjusting peak inspiratory pressure to deliver this volume. The study was completed once the first arterial PaCO(2) was available, with the desirable range defined as 5-7 kPa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PaCO(2) was significantly higher in the VG group (VG: 5.7 kPa, SIPPV: 4.9 kPa; p=0.03). The VG group had fewer out-of-range PaCO(2) values (VG: 42%, SIPPV: 57%) and fewer instances of hypocarbia <5 kPa (VG: 32%, SIPPV: 57%) but neither difference achieved statistical significance. Regression analysis showed PaCO(2) was negatively correlated with gestation (r=-0.41, p=0.01) and also with the mode of ventilation (r=0.32, p<0.05). In the VG group, all infants 23-25 weeks' gestation had out-of-range PaCO(2) values. VG significantly reduced the incidence of out-of-range PaCO(2) and hypocarbia in infants over 25 weeks' gestation (VG: 27%, SIPPV: 61%; p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using this strategy, VG appears feasible in the initial stabilisation of infants over 25 weeks' gestation, with a halving of the incidence of hypocarbia. In the small number of babies studied below this gestation, VG was not found to be effective.
authors.affiliation: NICU, The Rosie Hospital, Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK. irfan.cheema@addenbrookes.nhs.uk
authors.forename: I U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kempley
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007385:Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide