title: Structural determinants of synaptobrevin 2 function in synaptic vesicle fusion.
abstract: Deletion of synaptobrevin/vesicle-associated membrane protein, the major synaptic vesicle soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (R-SNARE), severely decreases but does not abolish spontaneous and evoked synaptic vesicle exocytosis. We now show that the closely related R-SNARE protein cellubrevin rescues synaptic transmission in synaptobrevin-deficient neurons but that deletion of both cellubrevin and synaptobrevin does not cause a more severe decrease in exocytosis than deletion of synaptobrevin alone. We then examined the structural requirements for synaptobrevin to function in exocytosis. We found that substituting glutamine for arginine in the zero-layer of the SNARE motif did not significantly impair synaptobrevin-dependent exocytosis, whereas insertion of 12 or 24 residues between the SNARE motif and transmembrane region abolished the ability of synaptobrevin to mediate Ca2+-evoked exocytosis. Surprisingly, however, synaptobrevin with the 12-residue but not the 24-residue insertion restored spontaneous release in synaptobrevin-deficient neurons. Our data suggest that synaptobrevin mediates Ca2+-triggered exocytosis by tight coupling of the SNARE motif to the transmembrane region and hence forcing the membranes into close proximity for fusion. Furthermore, the fusion reactions underlying evoked and spontaneous release differ mechanistically.
authors.affiliation: Center for Basic Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, USA.
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deák
authors.forename: Ok-Ho
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ege T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kavalali
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Südhof
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D007239:Infections; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009154:Mutation / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000502:physiology*; D050827:Syntaxin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D051040:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3 / Q000172:deficiency
chemical_list: D050600:SNARE Proteins; D050827:Syntaxin 1; D050988:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2; D051040:Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 3