title: Large-volume laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using the potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser in a survival porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) remains a technically challenging procedure primarily because of difficulties with hemostasis. In an attempt to develop a hemostatic cutting instrument for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, we evaluated the potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser for use during large-volume laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transperitoneal lower pole laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was performed in six pigs. Two nonsurvival animals were used initially to develop the laser technique. Four animals underwent a right-sided laparoscopic laser partial nephrectomy followed by an identical left-sided procedure 2 weeks later. Renal hilar occlusion was used in all cases. A novel 365-mum end-firing laser fibre and 80-W KTP laser were used for resection and hemostasis. All renal remnants underwent retrograde pyelography and histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laser resection and hemostasis was successfully completed in all cases, and no perioperative complications occurred. Mean estimated blood loss was 80 ml (25-250 ml). Mean laser and warm ischemia times were 35 and 34 minutes, respectively. Resection speed was limited by smoke formation but not by cutting or hemostatic efficiency of the laser. Mean resected kidney mass was 30 g or 25% of total kidney mass. There were no urinomas, but, on retrograde pyelogram, extravasation was noted in seven of eight kidneys (87.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The KTP laser provides hemostasis during large-volume resection in the porcine kidney. This technique appears promising for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. Ande1821@umn.edu
authors.forename: J Kyle
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Meredith R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D010535:Laparoscopy; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010710:Phosphates; D013552:Swine; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; C064806:potassium titanylphosphate; D014025:Titanium