title: Total absence of the alpha2(I) chain of collagen type I causes a rare form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with hypermobility and propensity to cardiac valvular problems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heterozygous mutations in the COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene encoding the alpha1 and alpha2 chain of type I collagen generally cause either osteogenesis imperfecta or the arthrochalasis form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). Homozygous or compound heterozygous COL1A2 mutations resulting in complete deficiency of the proalpha2(I) collagen chains are extremely rare and have been reported in only a few patients, albeit with variable phenotypic outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical features of the proband, a 6 year old boy, were recorded. Analysis of proalpha and alpha-collagen chains was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using the Laemmli buffer system. Single stranded conformation polymorphism analysis of the proband's DNA was also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this report we show that complete lack of proalpha2(I) collagen chains can present as a phenotype reminiscent of mild hypermobility EDS during childhood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biochemical analysis of collagens extracted from skin fibroblasts is a powerful tool to detect the subset of patients with complete absence of proalpha2(I) collagen chains, and in these patients, careful cardiac follow up with ultrasonography is highly recommended because of the risk for cardiac valvular problems in adulthood.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malfait
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Symoens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coucke
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Almeida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Paepe
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics*; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003241:Consanguinity; D004535:Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005530:Foot Deformities; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006226:Hand Deformities; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D003094:Collagen