title: Detergent formulations for wool domestic washings containing immobilized enzymes.
abstract: The stability of immobilized and native Esperase, a commercial serine protease, was studied by incubating the enzymes in four formulations containing the same amount of anionic and non-ionic surfactants. The results show that the activity of the immobilized enzyme is not affected by the presence of detergents while the native enzyme lost 50% of activity after 20 min of incubation in these four formulations. The washing performance of the detergents prepared with the immobilized Esperase was studied on cotton and wool fabric samples stained with human blood and egg yolk, using as control the detergent containing native Esperase. The best stain removal for cotton samples stained with human blood was achieved using the detergent with immobilized Esperase. Several physical tests confirmed that wool keratin was not degraded by the immobilized Esperase, validating the ability to use formulated detergents containing this immobilized enzyme for safe wool domestic washing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Textile Engineering, Minho University, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Carla J S M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guebitz
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavaco-Paulo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003902:Detergents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004530:Egg Yolk; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013784:Textiles; D013997:Time Factors; D014935:Wool / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C021553:mesentericopeptidase