title: Appearance of individual amino acid concentrations in arterial blood during steady-state infusions of different amino acid formulations to ICU patients in support of whole-body protein metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous work has demonstrated a relationship between arterial amino acid concentrations and uptake of amino acids across peripheral tissues in healthy volunteers, as well as in chronically and acutely ill patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether different amino acid profiles in commercially available amino acid formulations are translated into significantly different arterial amino acid concentrations presumably high enough to promote protein metabolism in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonprotein calories (60% glucose: 40% lipid) were simultaneously and constantly infused over 72 hours. Different free amino acid solutions were infused at random to each patient for 24 hours in order to determine the appearance of steady-state arterial concentrations of individual amino acids. Basal metabolic and nutrition states were defined after a 12-hour infusion period with glucose in each patient. Healthy volunteers receiving a standardized oral meal served as reference subjects in measurements of venous amino acid concentrations after normal oral food intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sum of all amino acids in arterial plasma increased significantly during steady-state infusions of all the free amino acid solutions vs basal state in ICU patients. Only glutamine, taurine, and tyrosine did not increase at all vs basal state during steady-state infusions of the 3 formulations. Alanine, arginine, citrulline, glycine, histidine, serine, methionine, phenylalanine, valine, and ornithine showed different concentration among the amino acid solutions during infusions. Healthy volunteers had significantly higher overall concentrations of amino acids in both fasted and fed state compared with ICU patients, which indicates that free amino acid solutions remain a limiting component in artificial nutrition to patients to promote arterial amino acid concentrations in the artificially fed state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears important to continue further improvement of composition profile in solutions of free amino acids to promote adequate uptake across organ beds in promotion of protein balance in artificially nourished patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Metabolic Research Laboratory at Lunderberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Britt-Marie
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Iresjö
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Körner
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Bengt-Ake
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lundholm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014680:Veins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D011506:Proteins; D005947:Glucose