title: Effective chemoradiotherapy protocol with 5-fluorouracil for cervical squamous cell carcinoma in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is frequently used in concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with advanced cervical cancer, although its optimal chemoradiotherapy protocol has not yet been established. In search of an optimal chemoradiotherapy protocol, some in vitro experiments were carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  The radiosensitive human cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell line ME180 was examined to investigate the effects of 5FU on radiosensitivity and the effects of irradiation on 5FU-sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5FU dose-dependently enhanced cellular radiosensitivity at therapeutic concentrations. Although high doses of y-ray irradiation significantly reduced the 5FU-sensitivity, a low dose of irradiation at therapeutic doses (< 2.5 Gy) had no effect on 5FU-sensitivity of the irradiated cells. Cells pretreated with 5FU eight hours before irradiation showed significantly higher 5FU-sensitivity than cells concurrently treated with 5FU and irradiation. In contrast, cells treated with 5FU eight hours after irradiation showed significantly lower 5FU-sensitivity than cells concurrently treated with 5FU and irradiation. Moreover, all four post-irradiation surviving subclones obtained from repeatedly irradiated ME180 cells showed significantly lower 5FU-sensitivity than the non-irradiated parent cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5FU acts as a radiosensitizer for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 5FU-sensitivity is reduced in irradiated cells. Therefore, 5FU administration immediately before irradiation may be a more effective treatment than concurrent chemoradiotherapy or post-irradiation chemotherapy with 5FU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yukawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Umesaki
mesh_terms: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D045585:Flap Endonucleases; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D045585:Flap Endonucleases; D005472:Fluorouracil