title: Decreased prefrontal activation during letter fluency task in adults with pervasive developmental disorders: a near-infrared spectroscopy study.
abstract: Functional neuroimaging studies have suggested that dysfunction of prefrontal cortex (PFC) is present in persons with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Recently, the development of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has enabled noninvasive bedside measurement of regional cerebral blood volume. Although NIRS enables the noninvasive clarification of brain functions in many psychiatric disorders, it has not yet been used to examine subjects with PDD. The aim of our study was to conduct an NIRS cognitive activation study to verify PFC dysfunction in PDD. The subjects were 10 adults with PDD and 10 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Hemoglobin concentration changes were measured with a 24-channel NIRS machine during the letter fluency task. While the number of words generated during the letter fluency task did not differ significantly between groups, the analysis of covariance including IQ as a confounding covariate showed that the PDD group was associated with bilateral reduction in oxy-hemoglobin concentration change as compared with the control group. The statistical results did not change when only IQ-matched high-functioning subjects (N=7) were included. Moreover, reduced oxy-hemoglobin concentration change for the right PFC was significantly correlated with verbal communication deficits within the PDD group. The present findings are consistent with proposed prefrontal dysfunction in PDD subjects identified by other neuroimaging modalities. The present results may be also potentially useful for applying NIRS to clinical settings of child psychiatry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. kuwabara@roy.hi-ho.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakubo
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasue
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishijima
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Nobumasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D011932:Reading; D012016:Reference Values; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins