Ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension: prognostic elements and implications for management.
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a strong, independent predictor of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Patients with LVH are at increased risk for stroke, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Hypertension is a major influence on the development of LVH. The prognostic power of LVH is likely multifactorial. LVH represents both a manifestation of the effects of hypertension and other cardiac risk factors over time as well as an intrinsic condition causing pathologic changes in cardiac structure and function. Angiotensin II plays a central role in the development of LVH. Several antihypertensive treatments, especially angiotensin II receptor blockers, can reverse LVH and improve cardiovascular outcomes independent of blood pressure reduction. Further studies are required to determine if these agents should become first-line therapy for all patients with hypertension and LVH.
Krauser
Daniel G
DG
New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Devereux
Richard B
RB
D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001565:Benzoates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077261:Carvedilol; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004452:Echocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D007190:Indapamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D019808:Losartan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077333:Telmisartan
D018674:Adrenergic Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D002227:Carbazoles; D004232:Diuretics; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D000804:Angiotensin II; D004656:Enalapril; D007190:Indapamide; D019808:Losartan; D000077333:Telmisartan