title: Effectiveness and acceptability of lidocaine spray in reducing perineal pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery: randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a lidocaine spray in reducing perineal pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consultant led obstetric unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  185 women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery without epidural analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Topically applied local anaesthetic spray (93 women) and placebo spray (92 women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measure was pain during delivery (0-100 scale). The 16 secondary outcome measures included second degree perineal trauma during delivery, trauma of the genital tract, and dyspareunia by two months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lidocaine spray did not reduce pain during spontaneous vaginal delivery: mean 77 and 72 on a scale of 0-100 in the lidocaine and placebo groups, respectively (difference between means 4.8, 95% confidence interval -1.7 to 11.2). Lidocaine spray may reduce genital tract trauma during delivery, in particular second degree perineal trauma. The intervention was highly acceptable to the women and midwives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although lidocaine spray applied to the perineum during spontaneous vaginal delivery did not reduce perineal pain, it was acceptable to both the women and the midwives.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Current controlled trials ISRCTN99732966 [controlled-trials.com].
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR. julia.sanders@cardiffandvale.wales.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Rona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine