title: Semisynthesis and cytotoxic activities of andrographolide analogues.
abstract: Andrographolide 1, a diterpenoid lactone of the plant Andrographis paniculata, known to possess antitumour activity in in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models was subjected to semisynthesis leading to the preparation of a number of novel compounds. These compounds exhibited in vitro antitumour activity with moderate to excellent growth inhibition against MCF-7 (breast) and HCT-116 (colon) cancer cells. Compounds 3,19-(2-chlorobenzylidene)andrographolide(5), 3,19-(3-chlorobenzylidene)andrographolide(6), 3,19-(3-fluorobenzylidene) andrographolide(7), 3,19-(4-fluorobenzylidene)andrographolide(8), 3,19-(2-fluorobenzylidene)andrographolide(10), 3,19-(2-chloro-5-nitrobenzylidene)andrographolide (21), 3,19-(4-chlorobenzylidene)andrographolide(30) and 3,19-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzylidene) andrographolide(31) were also screened against 60 NCI (National Cancer Institute, USA) human tumour cell lines derived from nine cancer cell types.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, 169610, Singapore.
authors.forename: Srinivasa Rao
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jada
authors.forename: Ahmad Sazali
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hamzah
authors.forename: Nordin Haji
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Lajis
authors.forename: Mohammad Said
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Malcolm F G
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Johnson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanslas
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004224:Diterpenes; C030419:andrographolide