title: A microarray-based detection system for genetically modified (GM) food ingredients.
abstract: A multiplex DNA microarray chip was developed for simultaneous identification of nine genetically modified organisms (GMOs), five plant species and three GMO screening elements, i.e. the 35S promoter, the nos terminator and the nptII gene. The chips also include several controls, such as that for the possible presence of CaMV. The on-chip detection was performed directly with PCR amplified products. Particular emphasis was placed on the reduction of the number of PCR reactions required and on the number of primers present per amplification tube. The targets were biotin labelled and the arrays were detected using a colorimetric methodology. Specificity was provided by specific capture probes designed for each GMO and for the common screening elements. The sensitivity of the assay was tested by experiments carried out in five different laboratories. The limit of detection was lower than 0.3% GMO for all tests and in general around 0.1% for most GMOs. The chip detection system complies with the requirements of current EU regulations and other countries where thresholds are established for the labelling of GMO.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Faculté Universitaire Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leimanis
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boyer
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruderer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glouden
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Othmar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaeppeli
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Philipp
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pla
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puigdomènech
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaitilingom
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bertheau
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Remacle
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000235:genetics; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000235:genetics; D017796:Caulimovirus / Q000235:genetics; D005062:European Union; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics