title: Discriminating imagined from perceived information engages brain areas implicated in schizophrenia.
abstract: Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia may reflect a difficulty discriminating between information that was perceived from the outside world and information that was imagined. This study used fMRI to examine the brain regions associated with this reality monitoring ability in healthy volunteers, who recollected whether information had previously been perceived or imagined, or whether information had been presented on the left or right of a monitor screen. Recent studies have suggested that schizophrenia may be associated particularly with dysfunction in medial anterior prefrontal cortex, thalamus, and cerebellum. In our data, activation in all three of these regions of interest was significantly greater during recollection of whether stimuli had been perceived or imagined versus recollection of stimulus position. In addition, reduced prefrontal activation was associated with the same misattribution error that has been observed in schizophrenia. These results indicate a possible link between the brain areas implicated in schizophrenia and the regions supporting the ability to discriminate between perceived and imagined information.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University College London, UK. jss30@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jon S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Sam J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Chris D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Frith
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011932:Reading; D011936:Reality Testing; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*