title: pH-independent pulsatile drug delivery system based on hard gelatin capsules and coated with aqueous dispersion Aquacoat ECD.
abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a rupturable, capsule-based pulsatile drug delivery system with pH-independent properties prepared using aqueous coating. The drug release is induced by rupturing of the top-coating, resulting by expanding of swellable layer upon water penetration through the top-coating. Croscarmellose sodium (AcDiSol) is a preferable superdisintegrant compared to low substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) and sodium starch glycolate (Explotab), because of controlled lag time, followed by a quick and complete drug release. However, due to its anionic character, AcDiSol showed pH-dependent swelling characteristics (pH 7.4 > 0.1N HCl) resulting in a pH-dependent lag time. The pH dependency could be eliminated by the addition of fumaric acid to the swelling layer, which allowed to keep an acidic micro-environment. Formation of the rupturable top-coating was successfully performed using an aqueous dispersion of ethylcellulose (Aquacoat) ECD), whereby sufficient drying during the coating was needed to avoid swelling of the AcDiSol layer. A higher coating level was required, when aqueous dispersion was used, compared to organic coatings. However, an advantageous aspect of the aqueous coating was the lower sensitivity of the lag time to a deviation in the coating level.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dashevsky
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005650:Fumarates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006813:Humidity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D005650:Fumarates; D014867:Water; C013517:ethyl cellulose; C032005:fumaric acid; D005780:Gelatin; D002482:Cellulose