title: Effects of preoperative flavonoid supplementation on different organ functions in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously it has been reported that preoperative feeding preserves heart function in rats after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. To further improve postoperative organ function, bioactive nutrition compounds were selected in vitro against the xanthine oxidase radical cascade, an enzyme suggested to play a key role in the induction of single- or multiple-organ dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flavonoids were selected in vitro for their capacity to (1) inhibit xanthine oxidase, (2) scavenge superoxide, and (3) scavenge peroxylradicals. The most bioactive flavonoids were added to the preoperative nutrition to study their effect on postintestinal ischemia-reperfusion organ function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A combination of flavonoids selected on basis of effective flavonoid xanthine oxidase inhibition and superoxide scavenging resulted in increased superoxide scavenging. In vivo, the selected flavonoid mixture significantly lowered postischemic intestinal apoptosis and intestinal oxidative stress indicated by malondialdehyde concentration when compared with ischemia-reperfusion fasted and sham-fasted animals. Moreover, this flavonoid mixture significantly lowered plasma creatinine and urea concentration, both indicating a better postoperative kidney function. Furthermore, oxidative stress measured as this flavonoid mixture when compared with control significantly lowered plasma malondialdehyde concentration in fed rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coadministration of bioactive flavonoid mixture to preoperative nutrition, in contrast to fasting, attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury by preserving kidney function in the rat and decreasing apoptosis in the intestine.
authors.affiliation: Numico Research, BMR, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Danny E C
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: van Hoorn
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nijveldt
authors.forename: Petra G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Boelens
authors.forename: Zandrie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Paul A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Klaske
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Norren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013481:Superoxides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase