title: Quantitative assessment of left ventricular function during contrast-enhanced dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts future cardiac events in diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-invasive diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease are important for the selection and optimization of therapeutic interventions in diabetic patients, which may improve survival. The aim of this study was to determine the incremental value of contrast-enhanced dobutamine stress echocardiography (CE-DSE) for risk stratification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CE-DSE was performed in 326 patients with diabetes mellitus (mean age; 66 +/- 10 years, 223 men). All patients were followed up for a mean of 29 months (1-61 months). Dobutamine was infused in a standard protocol with an intravenous contrast agent. The primary endpoints for hard cardiac events included cardiac death and nonfatal myocardial infarction. The primary endpoints for total cardiac events included hard cardiac events, unstable angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, and late coronary revascularization (> 3 months). Cardiac events occurred in 74 patients. The addition of the CE-DSE results, including abnormal left ventricular end-systolic volume response and left ventricular ejection fraction at peak stress < 50%, to the clinical and rest echocardiography model provided incremental information in predicting total cardiac events (increase in chi-square value for the model from 17 to 24, p < 0.05) and hard cardiac events (increase in chi-square value for the model from 18 to 24, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative assessment of left ventricular function during CE-DSE provides incremental prognostic information in predicting cardiac events in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryotaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left