title: Preliminary findings for preemptive analgesia with inhaled morphine: efficacy in septoplasty and septorhinoplasty cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of inhaled morphine for preemptive analgesia in patients who undergo septoplasty or septorhinoplasty. STUDY PLAN AND METHODS: Eighty ASA I-II patients scheduled for septoplasty or septorhinoplasty were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups that received different treatments 10 minutes prior to induction. The preemptive analgesia group (Group P, n = 40) received 65 mug kg(-1) morphine sulphate (a 3-mL volume) via an oral nebulizer, and the control group (Group C, n = 40) received 3 mL 0.9% sodium chloride (physiological saline) via the same type of nebulizer. Blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, time to first requirement for analgesia, and occurrence of nausea/vomiting were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between Groups P and C with respect to age, body weight, sex distribution, or duration of surgery. There was also no significant difference between the group frequencies of postoperative nausea/vomiting. The time to first requirement for analgesia was significantly longer in Group P than Group C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this preliminary study suggest that a single dose of inhaled morphine administered preemptively prior to septoplasty or septorhinoplasty provides effective postoperative analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  B-3b.
authors.affiliation: Department of Algology, Firat University, 23119 Elaziğ, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selami Ateş
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keleş
authors.forename: Gonca Cağlar
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Toprak
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: H Cengiz
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Alpay
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Avci
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine