title: Bosentan therapy in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension with consequent intracardiac right-to-left shunt and hypoxemia in patients with preexisting congenital heart disease. Because Eisenmenger syndrome is associated with increased endothelin expression, patients may benefit from endothelin receptor antagonism. Theoretically, interventions that have some effect on the systemic vascular bed could worsen the shunt and increase hypoxemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Bosentan Randomized Trial of Endothelin Antagonist Therapy-5 (BREATHE-5) was a 16-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, on systemic pulse oximetry (primary safety end point) and pulmonary vascular resistance (primary efficacy end point) in patients with World Health Organization functional class III Eisenmenger syndrome. Hemodynamics were assessed by right- and left-heart catheterization. Secondary end points included exercise capacity assessed by 6-minute walk distance, additional hemodynamic parameters, functional capacity, and safety. Fifty-four patients were randomized 2:1 to bosentan (n=37) or placebo (n=17) for 16 weeks. The placebo-corrected effect on systemic pulse oximetry was 1.0% (95% confidence interval, -0.7 to 2.8), demonstrating that bosentan did not worsen oxygen saturation. Compared with placebo, bosentan reduced pulmonary vascular resistance index (-472.0 dyne.s.cm(-5); P=0.0383). The mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased (-5.5 mm Hg; P=0.0363), and the exercise capacity increased (53.1 m; P=0.0079). Four patients discontinued as a result of adverse events, 2 (5%) in the bosentan group and 2 (12%) in the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this first placebo-controlled trial in patients with Eisenmenger syndrome, bosentan was well tolerated and improved exercise capacity and hemodynamics without compromising peripheral oxygen saturation.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Cardiologia, Università di Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9 IT-40138, Bologna, Italy. nazzareno.galie@unibo.it
authors.forename: Nazzareno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galiè
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beghetti
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gatzoulis
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Granton
authors.forename: Rolf M F
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiossi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landzberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077300:Bosentan; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004541:Eisenmenger Complex / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077300:Bosentan; D010100:Oxygen