title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor increases interferon-tau protein secretion in bovine trophectoderm cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uterine-derived factors are required for optimal conceptus development and secretion of the maternal recognition of pregnancy factor, interferon-tau (IFN-tau). Identifying these factors may lead to the development of schemes for increasing pregnancy success in cattle.
  
  
  METHODS
  The objectives were to examine the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) on trophectoderm proliferation rates and IFN-tau production, and verify the appropriateness of using an in vitro model of bovine trophectoderm (CT-1 cell).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rate of [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA was increased by supplementation of CT-1 medium with 10 or 100 ng/mL porcine (po) GM-CSF. GM-CSF supplementation to CT-1 medium also increased IFN-tau secretion. When results were normalized to account for number of CT-1 cells, 10 and 100 ng/mL poGM-CSF increased antiviral activity and IFN-tau concentrations (using an IFN-tau-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in CT-1 conditioned medium compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that GM-CSF increases proliferation and IFN-tau production in bovine trophectoderm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dairy & Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16811, USA.
authors.forename: Donna D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Sara K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Olga M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ocón
authors.forename: Neil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rooke
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ealy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism*; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; C020947:interferon tau; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor