title: Decreased accuracy of pulse oximetry measurements during low perfusion caused by sepsis: Is the perfusion index of any value?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of deteriorating perfusion caused by sepsis on the accuracy of pulse oximetry measurements using two more recently available techniques (Nellcor N-395 and Masimo Radical) and to evaluate the perfusion index as a marker of impaired peripheral perfusion to indicate that accuracy of pulse oximetry readings may be affected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional cohort study in a university animal research facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven adult anesthetized, ventilated rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pneumonia/sepsis was induced by tracheal instillation of Escherichia coli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxygen saturation and perfusion index as a marker of peripheral perfusion were measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) and recorded continuously for 8 h. Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was measured every 30 min by CO oximetry, and bias (SpO2 - SaO2) was calculated at each time point for each device to assess time-dependent changes in bias. Bias increased significantly across time for both devices tested comparing the first with the second half of the experimental period. Bias measurements during the second half of the experimental time were beyond the +/-3% error limit in 21.4% of cases with Nellcor and in 22.6% with Masimo. A lower perfusion index was associated with increased bias, but sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of this marker for increased bias was very limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that accuracy of pulse oximetry measurements was considerably affected with both devices with progressively deteriorating hemodynamics in this animal model of severe sepsis. Perfusion index as a marker for increased risk of bias was not a useful tool.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Ulm, 89070 Ulm, Germany. helmut.hummler@uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Helmut D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Hummler
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pohlandt
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Högel
authors.forename: Axel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Franz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001775:Blood Circulation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D010092:Oximetry; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011817:Rabbits; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric