[Pathophysiology of hypertension: what's new?].
The pathophysiology of primary hypertension is still unresolved and appears more complex than ever. It is beyond the scope of this article to review all new scientific developments in this field. On clinical grounds, hypertension is divided into primary and secondary forms. Here, the authors discuss the pathophysiology of hypertension associated with three common disease entities showing a large overlap with primary hypertension: chronic kidney disease (CKD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and hyperaldosteronism. Especially in CKD and OSA, the activation of the sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role. It is the authors' belief that hypertension due to these three diseases is more common than previously appreciated and may account for about 20% of the hypertensive population. The knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology allows early diagnosis and guides optimal treatment of these hypertensive patients.
Büchner
Nikolaus
N
Medizinische Klinik I (Schwerpunkte Nephrologie, Hypertonie und Schlafmedizin), Klinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Marienhospital Herne.
Vonend
Oliver
O
Rump
Lars Christian
LC
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002908:Chronic Disease; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D050177:Overweight; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors