title: Tenant outcomes in supported housing and community residences in New York City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined whether outcomes in housing, clinical status, and well-being of persons with severe mental illness and a history of homelessness differ between those in supported housing and those in community residences, two housing arrangements that substantially differ in the level of independence that is offered to its tenants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quasi-experimental 18-month follow-up study was conducted with 157 persons newly entering supported housing and community residences. The housing models accepted persons with similar illness characteristics and homelessness histories, so that the inability to randomly assign tenants to housing types could be compensated for by propensity scoring methods. Tenure in housing was examined by using survival models. Analyses of other outcomes used hierarchical linear and regression models in both intent-to-treat (N=139) and true-stayer (N=80) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tenure in housing did not differ by housing type. Substantial proportions of tenants in both models remained housed during the follow-up period. Tenants in supported housing reported greater housing satisfaction in terms of autonomy and economic viability. Over time some tenants in supported housing reported greater feelings of isolation. Independent of housing type, symptoms of depression or anxiety at housing entry increased the risk of poorer outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The models of supported housing were viable portals of entry into community housing for homeless persons, even for consumers with characteristics indicating that they would have been more likely to be placed in community residences. The results suggest that greater clinical attention should be paid to persons who exhibit depression or anxiety when entering housing.
authors.affiliation: Statistical Sciences and Services Research Division, Nathan S. Kline Institute, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA. siegel@nki.rfmh.org
authors.forename: Carole E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Samuels
authors.forename: Dei-In
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ilyssa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hopper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019090:Case Management; D003153:Community Health Services; D003419:Crisis Intervention; D005260:Female; D016352:Group Homes; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D010348:Patient Care Team; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011638:Public Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data