title: Hazard classification of chemicals inducing haemolytic anaemia: An EU regulatory perspective.
abstract: Haemolytic anaemia is often induced following prolonged exposure to chemical substances. Currently, under EU Council Directive 67/548/EEC, substances which induce such effects are classified as dangerous and assigned the risk phrase R48 'Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure.' Whilst the general classification criteria for this endpoint are outlined in Annex VI of this Directive, they do not provide specific information to assess haemolytic anaemia. This review produced by the EU Working Group on Haemolytic Anaemia provides a toxicological assessment of haemolytic anaemia and proposes criteria that can be used in the assessment for classification of substances which induce such effects. An overview of the primary and secondary effects of haemolytic anaemia which can occur in rodent repeated dose toxicity studies is given. A detailed analysis of the toxicological significance of such effects is then performed and correlated with the general classification criteria used for this endpoint. This review intends to give guidance when carrying out an assessment for classification for this endpoint and to allow for better transparency in the decision-making process on when to classify based on the presence of haemolytic anaemia in repeated dose toxicity studies. The extended classification criteria for haemolytic anaemia outlined in this review were accepted by the EU Commission Working Group on the Classification and Labelling of Dangerous Substances in September 2004.
authors.affiliation: Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. jja.muller@rivm.nl
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Edel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Sinead
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McMickan
authors.forename: Fréderique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Istace
authors.forename: Marie-Noëlle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Blaude
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Howden
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fleig
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulte
mesh_terms: D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005062:European Union; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000145:classification* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances