title: Fucoxanthin and its metabolite, fucoxanthinol, suppress adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.
abstract: Fucoxanthin is a major carotenoid found in edible seaweed such as Undaria pinnatifida and Hijikia fusiformis. We investigated the suppressive effects of fucoxanthin and its metabolite, fucoxanthinol, on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Fucoxanthin inhibited intercellular lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, fucoxanthin was converted to fucoxanthinol in 3T3-L1 cells. Fucoxanthinol also exhibited suppressive effects on lipid accumulation and decreased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of adipocyte differentiation. The suppressive effect of fucoxanthinol was stronger than that of fucoxanthin. In addition, in 3T3-L1 cells treated with fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which regulates adipogenic gene expression, was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol inhibit the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells through down-regulation of PPARgamma. Fucoxanthinol had stronger suppressive effects than fucoxanthin on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Tokutake
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sashima
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D024341:Xanthophylls; D019207:beta Carotene; C025164:fucoxanthin; C483031:fucoxanthinol