title: Antibiotic treatments for children ages 0-23 months in a northern Italy region: a cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to describe the pattern of antibiotic treatments in the community for children ages 0-23 months in Emilia-Romagna (a northern Italy region) pointing out possible changes of prescribed agents when first treatments in the life of each children are compared to successive ones.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Regional Drug Prescription and the Resident Population databases were used as data sources to study the cohort of children born between January 1 and December 31, 2000 and resident in Emilia-Romagna.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative incidences of children with at least one treatment were 22%, 55% and 82% at 6, 12 and 24 months of age, respectively. Broad spectrum penicillins were the most prescribed antibiotic class for children at their first treatment while cephalosporins were the most prescribed class for successive treatments and when pooling all treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cephalosporins and other second line antibiotics are frequently prescribed to 0 to 23-month-old residents in Emilia-Romagna even when only first treatments are considered; further research is needed to quantify inappropriateness of antibiotic prescription.
authors.affiliation: Area di Programma Rischio Infettivo, Agenzia Sanitaria Regionale Emilia-Romagna, Viale Aldo Moro 21, 40127 Bologna, Italy. cgagliotti@regione.emilia-romagna.it.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gagliotti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morsillo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Resi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milandri
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Moro
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents