title: Uncommon primary tracheal tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary tracheal tumors other than adenoid cystic or squamous cell carcinoma are uncommon and have a heterogeneous histologic appearance. The experience regarding their treatment and long-term outcome is limited, and alternatives to segmental tracheal resection, including endoscopic treatment or radiation, continue to be explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed of uncommon tracheal tumors among 360 primary tracheal tumors seen over 40 years, excluding adenoid cystic and squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 90 patients, 34 (38%) had benign tumors and 56 malignant: 11 carcinoid tumors, 14 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 13 sarcomas, 15 nonsquamous bronchogenic carcinomas, 2 lymphomas, and 1 melanoma. Three patients had a second tracheal malignancy. Dyspnea was the most common symptom in benign tumors and hemoptysis in malignant tumors. Twelve patients did not undergo tracheal resection (13.3%) and 1 died before resection. Surgical therapy in 77 patients (85%) consisted of laryngectomy in 3, laryngotracheal resection in 9, tracheal resection in 46, and carinal resection in 19. Hospital mortality was 2.6% (2 of 77 patients) and major complications occurred in 16% (12 of 77 patients). Mean follow-up was 9.7 years. After resection, survival at 10 years was 94% for benign and 83% for carcinoid tumors, and at 5 years survival was 60% for bronchogenic carcinoma, 100% for mucoepidermoid tumors, and 78% for sarcomas. Patients with lymphomas and melanoma are alive more than 8 years after resection. Ten patients experienced recurrence (14%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical resection of uncommon primary tracheal tumors alleviates airway obstruction, is curative in patients with benign or slow-growing malignant lesions, and prolongs survival in highly malignant lesions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery and Center for Clinical Effectiveness in Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. hgaissert@partners.org
authors.forename: Henning A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gaissert
authors.forename: Hermes C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Grillo
authors.forename: M Behgam
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shadmehr
authors.forename: Cameron D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Manjusha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gokhale
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mathisen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001980:Bronchi / Q000601:surgery; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014134:Tracheal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery