title: Relationship between hand-arm vibration exposure and onset time for symptoms in a heavy engineering production workshop.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined onset time for reported vascular and neurological symptoms in relation to the vibration load in a group of workers exposed to vibration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on the self-stated year for the first occurrence of symptoms was collected by means of questionnaires. During interviews data were obtained on self-stated estimations of daily exposure time, type of tool, and number of months or years with different exposures. The estimations of the vibration magnitudes of exposure were based on conducted measurements. From these data, the individual vibration exposure at the time of onset of symptoms was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence was 25.6 and 32.9 per 1000 exposure years for vascular and neurological symptoms, respectively, in the group of workers. The first onset of symptoms appeared after an average of 12 years of exposure. For the workers, the symptoms of vascular or neurological disorders started after about the same number of exposure years. The calculated accumulated acceleration correlated best with the onset time of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that, since the workers' exposure to vibration was below the action level established in the European vibration directive, the results suggest that the action level is not a safe level for avoiding vascular and neurological symptoms.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Working Life, Department of Work and the Physical Environment, PO Box 7654 SE-907 13 Umeå, Sweden. lage.burstrom@niwl.se
authors.forename: Lage
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burström
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: Ronnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lundström
authors.forename: Tohr
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004738:Engineering; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*