title: Topography-guided customized laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy for the treatment of postkeratoplasty astigmatism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess topography-assisted corneal wavefront excimer laser surface ablation for the correction of ametropia and irregular astigmatism after keratoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this pilot study, 15 patients (16 eyes) who were intolerant of spectacle and contact lens correction due to astigmatic anisometropia after keratoplasty (15 penetrating and 1 lamellar) had topography-assisted customized excimer laser treatments. Corneal topographic data using a Keratron Scout, Placido disk system allowed for preoperative analysis of wavefront anomalies of the anterior corneal surface from which a customized excimer laser correction of both lower-order aberrations (LOAs) and higher-order aberrations (HOAs) was prepared (ORK software) for treatment with a Schwind Esiris flying-spot laser. All eyes had laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) using 15% alcohol with a 20-second to 30-second application. Four eyes received an application of mitomycin-C (MMC) 0.2 mg/mL for 1 minute after stromal ablation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was -3.50 diopters (D) +/- 3.97 (SD) (range +1.625 to -9.25 D). The preoperative cylindrical error was -7.2 D (range -2.75 to -13.5 D). The programmed laser correction was -3.14 D (range +1.62 to -9 D) with a maximum attempted cylindrical correction of -7 D. Adherent LASEK epithelial flaps along suture lines and the graft-host junction were noted in 9 eyes (56%), although it was possible to obtain and replace a partial flap. A follow-up of 18 months was achieved in all eyes. At the final follow-up visit, the mean postoperative SE was -1.08 +/- 1.85 D (range +3 to -4.78 D) (P<.01, F<.01). Ten eyes (62.5%) were within +/-1 D of the intended correction. The mean postoperative cylindrical error was -2.72 D (range -0.5 to -6.5 D) (P<.001), with vector analysis demonstrating a mean 6.23 D correction. Analysis of HOAs using a 6.0 mm pupil size demonstrated a significant reduction of higher-order root mean square (RMS) (P<.002), trefoil (P<.005), and 4th-order spherical aberration (P<.02) at 18 months compared with preoperative values. Uncorrected visual acuity improved in all eyes (P<.0001). Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was unchanged or improved in 13 eyes (81%) and worse in 2 eyes by 1 line; 1 eye lost 3 lines due to an increase in preexisting cataract. In eyes that did not receive MMC, corneal haze (grade II to IV) was encountered in 3 eyes (27%). One eye required phototherapeutic keratectomy with MMC application at 12 months. Of the 4 eyes treated with MMC, 1 had trace haze and 3 had no detectable haze. There were no reported cases of epithelial instability, ectasia, or graft rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topography-assisted customized LASEK was effective in the correction of postkeratoplasty astigmatism. A significant improvement of both LOAs and HOAs was obtained with good refractive stability for over 18 months. Iatrogenic haze typically occurred but appeared to be minimized with adjunctive use of intraoperative MMC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Madhavan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: David P S
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: O'Brart
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Mike G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Falcon
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D049008:Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000209:etiology; D054140:Refractive Surgical Procedures; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D016685:Mitomycin