title: Raloxifene therapy interacts with serum osteoprotegerin in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a protein expressed by osteoblasts that, linking the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (RANK) ligand (RANKL), produced by osteoblasts, blocks the process of osteoclastic differentiation and modulates osteoclastic apoptosis. Raloxifene (RAL) stimulates the production of OPG from osteoblasts, as demonstrated in vitro, carring out their antiresorption activity, at least in part, as means of the OPG/RANK/RANKL system. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo if the RAL treatment of postmenopausal women was associated to changes in serum OPG; moreover, to evaluate the serum changes of bone turnover modulators interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-telopeptides of type-1 collagen (CrossLaps).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed. A group of consecutive healthy postmenopausal women (n=40) referred to II Menopause Centre of the Department of Gynaecology of Second University of Naples for climacteric syndrome was enrolled and divided in two groups: (n=20) postmenopausal women received for 6 months oral raloxifene (60 mg/day) versus (n=20) postmenopausal women received placebo tablets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum OPG levels in postmenopausal women after RAL treatment are statistically significant increased (P<0.001) versus baseline (P=0.007) versus placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These in vivo data demonstrate that RAL could improve osteoporosis, also through an increase of OPG production by osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Largo Madonna delle Grazie 1, 80138 Naples, Italy. enricom.messalli@unina2.it
authors.forename: Enrico M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Messalli
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mainini
authors.forename: Cono
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scaffa
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cafiero
authors.forename: Pier Luigi
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Salzillo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ragucci
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cobellis
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; C110762:glutamyl-lysyl-alanyl-histidyl-aspartyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginine; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D003094:Collagen