[Antidepressants and suicidality. Risk-benefit analysis].
Reanalyses of placebo-controlled trials reveal an increased risk of suicidal ideations or parasuicidal acts in children and adolescents under treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or other antidepressants. Although no completed suicide was shown, these findings are the more important because, with the exception of fluoxetine, an evidence base for the efficacy of antidepressants is weak or lacking in this age group. For adults, there is no reason to doubt that antidepressants help to reduce suicides by shortening depressive episodes and preventing recurrence. A general and pronounced suicide-inducing effect of SSRI or other antidepressants can largely be excluded. On the other hand, in some vulnerable patients the risk of suicidal acts can increase, especially during the first days of antidepressant treatment. There is no evidence that this risk is higher with SSRI than with other antidepressants or nonpharmacological treatments. Safety in case of overdose is a strong argument favouring newer antidepressants over tri- and tetracyclic antidepressants in outpatients with unclear suicidality. The current widespread public discussions concering the risks of antidepressants is a risk in itself because confidence in treatment, compliance, and help seeking behaviour may get influenced negatively.
Hegerl
U
U
Abteilung für Klinische Neurophysiologie, Psychiatrische Klinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 München. ulrich.hegerl@psy.med.uni-muenchen.de
D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000092864:Suicide Prevention
D000928:Antidepressive Agents