title: Autologous mesenchymal stem cells: clinical applications in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study was aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of intraspinal cord implantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a few well-monitored amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients affected by definite ALS were enrolled in the study and two patients were treated for compassionate use and monitored for at least 3 years. Bone marrow was collected from the posterior iliac crest according to the standard procedure and MSCs were expanded ex vivo according to Pittenger's protocol. The cells were suspended in 2 ml autologous cerebrospinal fluid and transplanted into the spinal cord by a micrometric pump injector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro expanded MSCs did not show any bacterial o fungal contamination, hemopoietic cell contamination, chromosomic alterations and early cellular senescence. No patient manifested major adverse events such as respiratory failure or death. Minor adverse events were intercostal pain irradiation and leg sensory dysesthesia, both reversible after a mean period of 6 weeks. No modification of the spinal cord volume or other signs of abnormal cell proliferation were observed. A significant slowing down of the linear decline of the forced vital capacity was evident in four patients 36 months after MSCs transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that direct injection of autologous expanded MSCs into the spinal cord of ALS patients is safe, with no significant acute or late toxicity, and well tolerated. The clinical results seem to be encouraging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eastern Piedmont University of Novara, Novara, Italy. mazzini.l@libero.it
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mazzini
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mareschi
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vassallo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oliveri
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boccaletti
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Livigni
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fagioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000601:surgery*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous