title: Length of insertion for pulmonary artery catheters to locate different cardiac chambers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although, guidelines related to length of insertion of a pulmonary artery catheter to reach a particular cardiac chamber are available, these are not backed by clinical studies. We measured the length of insertion of pulmonary artery catheters to locate the right ventricle, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge positions in 300 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pulmonary artery catheters were inserted using a standard technique through the right internal jugular vein. The right ventricle, pulmonary artery and wedge position of the catheter were confirmed by the characteristic waveforms, and the length of insertion to these points was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The right ventricle was reached at 24.6 (3) cm (95% CI 24.2-24.9 cm), pulmonary artery at 36 (4) cm (95% CI 35.6-36.5 cm) and wedge position at 42.8 (5.7) cm (95% CI 42.2-43.5 cm). The length of catheter to reach the right ventricle, pulmonary artery and wedge position was significantly more in patients undergoing valve surgery as compared with those undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting [26 (3.8) and 24 (2.5) cm; 38.5 (4.6) and 35 (3.2) cm; and 47.8 (6.9) and 41.2 (4.1) cm, respectively, P<0.001]. The length of insertion to reach pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge position was directly related to height of the patient (Pearson's correlation 0.157 and 0.15, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided the norms related to length of insertion of pulmonary artery catheter, which should be useful in accurate placement of the catheter and minimize complications related to coiling of the catheter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India. tempedeepak@hotmail.com
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Tempe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Datt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tomar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rajesh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Virmani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001827:Body Height; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002407:Catheterization, Swan-Ganz / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000601:surgery; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery