title: Serum leptin and C-reactive protein levels in the physiological spontaneous menstrual cycle in reproductive age women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Only a few studies have investigated variations of different markers for inflammatory processes during the physiological menstrual cycle. The results are conflicting, particularly concerning the correlation between the marker leptin and steroid hormones. The aim of the study was to investigate the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin in the serum of healthy, normally ovulating women and to correlate these with each other and with the hormones of the gonadal axis. A cycle-dependence of the markers studied would imply an exact timing of the blood sampling for clinical needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study investigating the two inflammatory markers CRP and leptin in relation to the hormonal pattern of the gonadal axis during the normal cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovulatory cycles of 36 healthy, young, normo-androgenic women, having a normal body mass index were evaluated. Serum concentrations of leptin and CRP, as well as of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, 17beta-oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin (PRL) and free testosterone were measured every 1-2 days during one full cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of leptin and CRP behaved differently during ovulatory cycles, with higher concentrations for leptin only during certain phases. Significant correlations were found in the follicular phase between leptin and PRL and leptin and free testosterone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin levels change during the menstrual cycle. Leptin levels are more stable on cycle days 1-5 than later in the cycle. For precise cycle-independent measurements, these fluctuations have to be taken into account. There is no similar cyclic pattern for CRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Berne, Switzerland. dorothea.wunder@insel.ch
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wunder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yared
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bersinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Widmer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kretschmer
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Birkhäuser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D010060:Ovulation; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D013256:Steroids / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D006062:Gonadotropins; D020738:Leptin; D013256:Steroids; D011388:Prolactin; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein