title: Chemotherapeutic agents enhance AAV2-mediated gene transfer into breast cancer cells promoting CD40 ligand-based immunotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Supplementing conventional treatment with gene therapy to induce an immune response might be beneficial to cancer patients. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of transduction of breast cancer cells with recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and effects of cytotoxic agents used in chemotherapy. Furthermore, the capacity of tumor cells expressing transgenic CD40 ligand (CD40L) to stimulate dendritic cells was measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast cancer cell lines were infected with a rAAV encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or murine CD40L and transgene expression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Stimulation of isolated human dendritic cells by CD40L-expressing tumor cells was quantified by measuring secreted interleukin 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection with an EGFP-encoding rAAV resulted in variable fractions (14-93%, mean 42%) of transgene-expressing cells. Pre-incubation of MM 157, MM 231, and MCF7 cells with epirubicin or carboplatin substantially increased AAV-mediated transgene expression. rAAV/CD40L was used to generate CD40L-transgenic tumor cells, which specifically activated immature dendritic cells, as confirmed by blocking with an antibody binding to CD40L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The efficiency of rAAV-mediated gene transfer into breast cancer cells is significantly higher than previously reported and can be further enhanced by co-administration of chemotherapeutic agents. We also confirmed that breast cancer cells can activate human dendritic cells after infection with a CD40L-encoding rAAV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm Medical School, Frauensteige 14, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koppold
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Hildegard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buening
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallek
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kreienberg
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deissler
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurzeder
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008024:Ligands; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D008024:Ligands; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D023201:CD40 Ligand; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015251:Epirubicin; D016190:Carboplatin