title: Distribution of weakness in the upper and lower limbs post-stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the distribution of weakness in the upper and lower limbs post-stroke and the factors associated with weakness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was a prospective cross-sectional survey. A consecutive sample of 75 patients (37 (49%) men, mean age 71.5 (SD 12.2) years, 46 (61%) left hemiplegics) with a first-time anterior-circulation stroke, tested 2 - 4 weeks post-stroke, were recruited from two NHS trusts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weakness (Motricity Index, MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean MI score was 58.5 (SD 39.6) and 69.1 (SD 33.6) for the upper and lower limb (p < 0.001), but examination of individual data indicated 36 (48%) had no/ negligible difference (0 +/- 9 points) in MI score between the limbs. When there was a difference, the lower limb was more frequently the stronger. There was no significant difference between the proximal and distal joints in either limb (p < 0.217 and 0.410). Severity of weakness was not associated with the subjects' demographics or stroke pathology, but was associated with neglect and sensation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although group analysis showed that the leg was significantly stronger than the arm, individual analysis showed that most participants had a similar degree of weakness in both limbs. When there was a difference, the lower limb was more frequently the stronger. Proximal joints were not more severely affected than distal joints. Patient demographics and stroke pathology factors were not associated with weakness, but stroke-related impairments were.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rehabilitation and Human Performance Research, University of Salford, Salford, UK. s.tyson@salford.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sarah F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tyson
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chillala
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Selley
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tallis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*