title: Testing for causality with transcranial direct current stimulation: pitch memory and the left supramarginal gyrus.
abstract: Neuroimaging studies have implicated the left supramarginal gyrus in short-term auditory memory processing, including memory for pitch. The present study investigated the causal role of the left supramarginal gyrus in short-term pitch memory by comparing the effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation when applied over the left or right supramarginal gyrus with sham transcranial direct current stimulation. Only cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the left supramarginal gyrus had a detrimental effect on short-term pitch-memory performance in 11 adult participants. These results provide support for the important role of the left supramarginal gyrus in short-term memory for pitch information, and they further demonstrate the potential of transcranial direct current stimulation to modulate the functional contribution of a brain area to a particular cognitive process.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Vines
authors.forename: Nora M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Schnider
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlaug
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation