title: Health care utilization by United Nations peacekeeping veterans with co-occurring, self-reported, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms versus those without.
abstract: It remains to be determined whether patients with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression use more health care resources than do those without. United Nations peacekeeping veterans from Canada were divided into four groups, i.e., PTSD alone (n = 23), depression alone (n = 167), comorbid PTSD and depression (n = 119), and neither (n = 164), and compared with respect to total number of visits to any health care professional in the past year. Analysis of variance revealed that the groups significantly differed in total visits. Post hoc analyses indicated that veterans with co-occurring PTSD and depression symptoms had more visits than did those in the other groups and that veterans with PTSD symptoms alone and depression symptoms alone had more visits than did those with neither PTSD nor depression. Additional analyses revealed that veterans with co-occurring PTSD and depression symptoms made more visits to general practitioners, specialists, pharmacists, and mental health professionals than did the others. Future research directions and implications for treatment planning are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Traumatic Stress Group, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4S 0A2.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: Gordon J G
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Asmundson
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Murray B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002170:Canada; D015897:Comorbidity; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008890:Military Psychiatry; D009819:Office Visits; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014480:United Nations; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014857:Warfare