title: Two distinct pools of Src family tyrosine kinases regulate PDGF-induced DNA synthesis and actin dorsal ruffles.
abstract: The mechanism by which the Src family of protein-tyrosine kinases (SFKs) regulate mitogenesis and morphological changes induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is not well known. The cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains, caveolae, regulate PDGF receptor signalling in fibroblasts and we examined their role in SFK functions. Here we show that caveolae disruption by membrane cholesterol depletion or expression of the dominant-negative caveolin-3 DGV mutant impaired Src mitogenic signalling including kinase activation, Myc gene induction and DNA synthesis. The impact of caveolae on SFK function was underscored by the capacity of Myc to overcome mitogenic inhibition as a result of caveolae disruption. Using biochemical fractionation we show that caveolae-enriched subcellular membranes regulate the formation of PDGF-receptor-SFK complexes. An additional pool of PDGF-activated SFKs that was insensitive to membrane cholesterol depletion was characterised in non-caveolae fractions. SFK activation outside caveolae was linked to the capacity of PDGF to induce F-actin rearrangements leading to dorsal ruffle formation. Inhibition of phospholipase C gamma (PLCgamma), sphingosine kinase and heterotrimeric Gi proteins implicates a PLC gamma-sphingosine-1-phosphate-Gi pathway for PDGF-induced SFK activation outside caveolae and actin assembly. In addition, the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Abl was identified as an important effector of this signalling cascade. We conclude that PDGF may stimulate two spatially distinct pools of SFKs leading to two different biological outcomes: DNA synthesis and dorsal ruffle formation.
authors.affiliation: CNRS FRE2593 CRBM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier CEDEX 05, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Veracini
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boureux
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benistant
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D021941:Caveolae / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000172:deficiency; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D002784:Cholesterol; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D013110:Sphingosine