title: A "top-down-approach" to insert catheters into the circulation of fetal sheep using ultrasound B-scan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was the catheterization of vessels in fetal sheep under ultrasound control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A catheter with guiding wire was introduced into the external jugular vein or carotid artery and advanced caudally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The aorta and umbilical vein could be accessed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major segments of the circulation are accessible from the neck for chronic instrumentation.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. schroede@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Hobe J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tchirikov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000379:methods*; D005333:Fetus; D007601:Jugular Veins; D012756:Sheep