title: Applications of neuromodulation of the lower urinary tract in female urology.
abstract: Neuromodulation is becoming part of clinical armamentarium for treatment of a variety of lower urinary tract conditions in female urology. Its increased usage stems from need of patients who have exhausted all other therapeutic options for their complex and poorly understood lower urinary tract disorders. Currently neuromodulation may consist of the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) and injectable therapies. Herein, we will discuss the background and development of SNS, its current indications, methods of patient selection and will review the results of the recent published literature on SNS. In addition, we will discuss some of the newer developments in SNS such as Bion device and the future direction in integration of SNS in female urology.
authors.affiliation: Center for Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. daneshf@ccf.org
authors.forename: Firouz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daneshgari
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000628:therapy*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000628:therapy*