title: Feasibility of extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic and common iliac lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic and common iliac lymphadenectomy for cervical and endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients underwent extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic and common iliac lymphadenectomy between February 1999 and September 2005. The lymph nodes dissected with the laparoscopic procedure included the inframesenteric para-aortic lymph nodes, the sacral lymph nodes, and the bilateral common iliac lymph nodes. The extraperitoneal laparoscopic operation was performed with pelvic open surgery using Lap Disc to ensure the safety of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of patients with cervical and endometrial carcinoma was 36 and 40, respectively. The median age of patients was 51 years (range 24-75 years). Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 8 patients. These include 3 patients who encountered blood loss of 400, 136 and 128 ml; 2 extremely obese women; and 3 patients who had peritoneal tears causing CO2 gas leakage. Among the remaining 68 patients, the median operating time for extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic and common iliac lymphadenectomy was 75 min (range 45-145 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 5 ml (range 5-138 ml). The median total number of resected nodes was 14 (range 2-31), and 4 patients had lymph node metastasis. No patient encountered postoperative complications attributable to extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic and common iliac lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extraperitoneal laparoscopic para-aortic and common iliac lymphadenectomy with pelvic open surgery using Lap Disc is a feasible procedure, particularly in the surgeons learning phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Reina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kozuka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maehata
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*