An evaluation of the Swedish ignition interlock program.
The Swedish alcohol ignition interlock program for driving while intoxicated (DWI) offenders, both first-time as well as multiple offenders, was launched as a pilot project in 1999. It is a volunteer program and differs in some respects from other programs: It covers a period of 2 years, it includes very strict medical regulations entailing regular checkups by a physician, it does not require a prior period of hard suspension, and it focuses strongly on changes in alcohol habits. Records from the 5 years prior to the offence showed that DWI offenders are generally in a high-risk category long before their offense, with a four to five times higher accident rate (road accidents reported by the police) and a three to four times higher rate of hospitalization due to a road accident. Only 12% of the eligible DWI offenders took part in the program and, of these, 60% could be diagnosed as alcohol dependent or alcohol abusers. During the program, alcohol consumption is monitored through self-esteem questionnaires (AUDIT) and five different biological markers. Our data show a noticeable reduction in alcohol consumption among the interlock users. This, combined with the high rate of compliance with the regulations, probably accounts for the fact that there was no case of recidivism during the program. Preliminary findings also suggest a reduction in the annual accident rate for interlock users while in the program. It still is too early to draw any conclusions concerning the rate of recidivism after completion of the program due to an insufficient amount of data for analysis. Nevertheless, the preliminary results are so promising that the program will now be expanded to cover all of Sweden as well as to include all driver's license categories.
Bjerre
Bo
B
Traffic Medicine Advisory Board, Swedish National Road Administration, Borlänge, Sweden. bo.bjerre@vv.se
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000639:trends; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D001336:Automobiles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
D015415:Biomarkers; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase