title: Quantitative comparison of the water permeable zone among four types of dental adhesives used with a dual-cured composite.
abstract: This study compared silver penetration in the adhesive interface among four versions of adhesives from the same manufacturer: OptiBond FL, OptiBond Solo Plus, OptiBond Solo Plus Dual Cure, and OptiBond Solo Plus Self-Etch, when coupled with dual-cured composite, CoreRestore 2 (Kerr). Twenty flat dentin surfaces were prepared using one of the adhesives and bonded with the composite, following the manufacturer's instructions. The surfaces were sectioned into 2-mm slabs and immersed in ammoniacal silver nitrate for 24 hours. Each specimen was exposed to a photodeveloping solution for eight hours and examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The water permeable area occupied by the silver nitrate tracer was determined, and the relative weight of silver was analyzed by wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS). The OptiBond FL group had a significantly lower silver content than the other groups (p < 0.0001). Each group demonstrated different patterns of silver deposition within the adhesive layer and within various features of artifactual fracture from dehydration stress of the SEM. This may be indicative of weak links in the bonded interfaces. Simplified-step adhesives showed increased permeability, which can lead to disruption of coupling with composites.
authors.affiliation: Juhea Chang, DDS, MSD, Graduate Operative Department, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Juhea
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Keewook
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cochran
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver; D016622:Silver Staining; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D003188:Composite Resins; C439272:CoreRestore; C095997:DCR cement; D003738:Dental Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C469607:OptiBond FL; C451600:OptiBond Solo Plus; C500960:OptiBond Solo Plus Self-Etch; D019279:Resin Cements; C000212:ammoniacal silver; D014867:Water; D012834:Silver