Cell-cell interaction in the transcellular biosynthesis of novel omega-3-derived lipid mediators.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa-hexaenoic acid (DHA) display beneficial actions in human diseases. The molecular basis for these actions remains of interest. We recently identified novel mediators generated from omega-3 PUFA during cell-cell interactions that displayed potent anti-inflammatory and proresolving actions. Compounds derived from EPA are designated resolvins of the E series (RvE1), and those biosynthesized from DHA are denoted resolvins of the D series (RvD) and docosatriene, such as protectin D1 (PD1), which belongs to the family of protectins. In addition, treatment using aspirin initiates a related epimeric series by triggering endogenous formation of the 17R-RvD series, denoted as aspirin-triggered (AT)-RvDs. These compounds possess potent anti-inflammatory actions in vivo that essentially are equivalent to their counterpart generated without aspirin, namely the 17S-RvDs. In this chapter, we provide an overview and detail protocols of the biosynthesis and bioactions of these newly uncovered pathways and products that include three distinct series: 18R-resolvins of the E series derived from EPA (i.e., RvE1); 17R-resolvins of the D series from DHA (AT-RvD1 through RvD4); and 17S-resolvins of the D series from DHA (RvD1 through RvD4).
Chiang
Nan
N
Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Serhan
Charles N
CN
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D001241:Aspirin