title: Changes in serum adipokine levels during pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: relationship to histological improvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thiazolidinedione (TZD) therapy improves liver histology in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through a mechanism possibly related to its insulin-sensitizing or anti-inflammatory activity. This study was conducted to assess changes in serum levels of selected adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines and to relate these changes to the improved liver histology resulting from pioglitazone therapy for NASH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from 18 patients with NASH obtained at day 0 and week 48 of therapy during an open-label study of pioglitazone were tested for adiponectin, leptin, interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels. Paired liver biopsy specimens were scored (0-4) for steatosis, parenchymal inflammation, cell injury, and fibrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin levels increased from 3.7 to 10.3 mug/mL at week 48 (P < .01); the levels of the other cytokines were unchanged: TNF-alpha, 9.1 vs 8.8 pg/mL; IL-1a, 3.9 vs 3.4 pg/mL; IL-6, 19.4 vs 13.4 pg/mL; and leptin, 24.8 vs 29.6 ng/mL (P > .05 for all). Pioglitazone therapy was associated with improvements in steatosis (2.5 vs 1.0), parenchymal inflammation (3.3 vs 2.1), cell injury (2.2 vs 0.9), and fibrosis (2.0 vs 1.4). The change in adiponectin level was associated with the improvement in steatosis (P = .03) as well as in a summary NASH activity index score (P = .01). Changes in IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and leptin levels did not correlate with improvements in the histological features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in liver histology during TZD therapy may be modulated by an adiponectin-mediated effect on insulin sensitivity and hepatic fatty acid metabolism rather than by changes in proinflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lutchman
authors.forename: Kittichai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Promrat
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ghany
authors.forename: Jack A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yanovski
authors.forename: T Jake
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jay H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hoofnagle
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D016207:Cytokines; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D020738:Leptin; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone