title: In vitro stability of insulin lispro in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The stability of insulin lispro for use in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy was evaluated using a stress test incorporating high temperature and mechanical agitation combined with simulated basal/bolus administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insulin lispro formulation contained in MiniMed 507c (Medtronic MiniMed, Sylmar, CA), H-TRONplus (Disetronic Medical Systems, St. Paul, MN), and D-TRON CSII (Disetronic Medtronic Systems) devices was subjected to a stress test involving exposure to elevated temperature (37 degrees C) and mechanical agitation (shaking at 100 strokes/min) for 7 days. CSII devices were programmed for continuous infusion at 0.8 U/h (19.2 U/day), and three 6-U bolus doses were also manually delivered each day (18 U/day). Formulation infused from the devices was collected every 24 h over the 7-day study. The material obtained from each 24-h period was analyzed to assess the physicochemical properties of insulin lispro and the overall formulation. Insulin lispro potency, purity, high-molecular-weight protein (HMWP), and m-cresol content were determined using high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Solution pH, delivered volume, and formulation physical appearance were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pH of the infused formulation remained unchanged throughout the entire study. Insulin lispro potency for each device remained within 95-105% of label claim each day of the stress test, indicating that adsorption or surface-induced denaturation of insulin lispro did not occur. Levels of insulin lispro deamidated at position 21 in the A-chain were essentially constant during the 7-day stress test. A time-dependent increase in HMWP and other insulin lispro chemical transformation products was observed over the testing period for each device. However, the levels of these known degradation products remained well below published specifications for these analytical properties. The concentration of the antimicrobial agent, m-cresol, was decreased because of absorption, but the levels remained sufficient to provide protection against microbial contamination. Total delivered volume results were in good agreement with expected values and confirmed that formulation viscosity remained unchanged. Samples collected from the infusion sets were clear and free of precipitates. Occlusion alarms did not occur, and no other electronic or mechanical malfunctions of the CSII devices were encountered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin lispro demonstrates appropriate physicochemical stability for use in MiniMed 507c, H-TRONplus, and D-TRON CSII devices.
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutical Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. defelippis_michael_r@lilly.com
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: DeFelippis
authors.forename: Maureen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heyob
authors.forename: Sacha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Storms
mesh_terms: D003408:Cresols / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply
chemical_list: D003408:Cresols; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro; C032538:4-cresol