title: Open label, long-term, pragmatic study on levetiracetam in the treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) may be resistant or show adverse effects to valproate. We present a multicenter, prospective, long-term, open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in JME.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with newly diagnosed (10) or resistant/intolerant to previous AEDs JME (38) were enrolled. After a 8 week baseline period, levetiracetam was titrated in 2 weeks to 500 mg b.i.d. and then increased up to 3000 mg/day according to the patient's response. Efficacy parameters were: number of seizure-free patients, number of days with myoclonus (DWM), and monthly frequency of generalised tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures. Adverse events were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall mean dose of levetiracetam was 2208 mg/day. The mean study period was 19 (range 0.3-38) months. Five patients dropped out. 11/38 (28.9%) patients with add-on treatment and 5/10 (50%) newly diagnosed patients were seizure-free for a mean period of 17.2 (+/-8.8) months. Eighteen patients (37.5%) were without myoclonia, and 35 (72.9%) had no GTC seizures over the study period. The mean monthly frequency of DWM and of GTC seizures in the entire group was significantly reduced after levetiracetam. Five patients complained of side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This open-label study suggests levetiracetam may be effective and well tolerated in resistant cases of JME or may become a reasonable alternative to valproate in newly diagnosed patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, Clinic of the Nervous System Diseases, University of Foggia, Italy. lmsc70@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Luigi Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Specchio
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gambardella
authors.forename: Anna Teresa
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Giallonardo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michelucci
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Specchio
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boero
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Neve
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010889:Piracetam / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam