title: The efficacy of all-positive management as a function of the prior use of negative consequences.
abstract: Previous work suggests that an all-positive approach to child management can be effective. The present investigation extends these findings by examining the efficacy of an enhanced all-positive management system in the absence of a history of negative consequences. The on-task behavior and academic performance of 8 first- through third-grade children with academic and/or behavioral problems were observed in the classroom. Results indicated that, in the absence of a history of negative consequences, enhanced positive consequences were not sufficient to maintain on-task rates or academic accuracy at acceptable levels. The addition of negative consequences resulted in an immediate increase in on-task behavior and academic accuracy; a primarily positive approach appeared to be successful in maintaining these gains following the gradual (as opposed to abrupt) removal of the negative consequences.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York at Stony Brook.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pfiffner
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: O'leary