title: Preliminary results of interstitial motexafin lutetium-mediated PDT for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interstitial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality for the treatment of solid organ disease. Our group at the University of Pennsylvania has performed extensive studies that demonstrate the feasibility of interstitial PDT for prostate cancer. Our preclinical and clinical experience is herein detailed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have treated 16 canines in preclinical studies, and 16 human subjects in a Phase I study, using motexafin lutetium-mediated PDT for recurrent prostate adenocarcinoma. Dosimetry of light fluence, drug level and oxygen distribution for these patients were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We demonstrate the safe and comprehensive treatment of the prostate using PDT. However, there is significant variability in the dose distribution and the subsequent tissue necrosis throughout the prostate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT is an attractive option for the treatment of prostate adenocarcinoma. However, the observed variation in PDT dose distribution translates into uncertain therapeutic reproducibility. Our future focus will be on the development of an integrated system that is able to both detect and compensate for dose variations in real-time, in order to deliver a consistent overall PDT dose distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mick
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Yodh
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Malkowicz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whittington
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stripp
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C102825:motexafin lutetium; D010100:Oxygen