title: Samarium-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate therapy for bone pain palliation in skeletal metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic therapy with radionuclides may be used for the treatment of patients with painful skeletal metastases owing to its efficacy, low cost and low toxicity. Imported radionuclides for pain palliation, like Strontium-89 are expensive; particularly for developing countries. In the Indian scenario, Samarium-153 (Sm-153) is produced in our own reactors and as a result, it is readily available and economical.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We undertook this study to determine the efficacy and toxicity of single-dose Sm-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate as a palliative treatment for painful skeletal metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eightysix patients with painful skeletal metastases from various primaries, were treated with Sm-153 EDTMP at a dose of 37 MBq/kg. The effects were evaluated according to change in visual analogue pain score, analgesic consumption, Karnofsky performance score, mobility score and blood count tests, conducted regularly for 16 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated measures analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall response rates were 73%, while complete response was seen in 12.4%. Reduction in analgesic consumption with improvement in Karnofsky performance score and mobility score, was seen in all responders. Response rates were 80.3 and 80.5% in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. One case, each of Wilms tumor, ovarian cancer, germ cell tumor testis, multiple myeloma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor and oesophageal cancer, did not respond to therapy. No serious side-effects were noted, except for fall in white blood cell, platelet and haemoglobin counts, which gradually returned to normal levels by six-eight weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sm-153 EDTMP provided effective palliation in 73% patients with painful bone metastases: the major toxicity was temporary myelosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. madhu_deven@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandrasekhar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jhulka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bandopadhyaya
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010166:Palliative Care
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; C061972:samarium Sm-153 lexidronam