title: Zingiber officinale exhibits behavioral radioprotection against radiation-induced CTA in a gender-specific manner.
abstract: At the organismic level, exposure to radiation can produce taste aversion (CTA) learning and emesis, which have been proposed as behavioral endpoints that are mediated by harmful effects of radiations on peripheral systems, primarily the gastrointestinal system. Thus, the aim of the present investigation was to study the gastroprotective action of hydroalcoholic extract of zingiber rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) against radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in both male and female species of animals, for testing its potential as a behavioral radioprotector. Administration of zingiber extract 1 h before 2-Gy gamma-radiation was significantly effective in blocking the saccharin avoidance response, with 200 and 250 mg/kg b.wt. i.p., being the most effective doses for male and female rats, respectively. A comparison of the efficacy of zingiber extract with two antiemetic drugs, ondansteron and dexamethasone, revealed that the extract rendered comparable protection against radiation-induced CTA. Our experiments also confirmed the existence of sex dichotomy (i.e., the sex of animal greatly influenced response towards radiation exposure) in relation to behavioral responses (CTA) or differential metabolism. The observed gender variations were hypothesized to be a result of hormonal fluctuations and differences in pharmacological parameters in male and female rats. To correlate the mechanism of action, the free-radical-scavenging potential of zingiber extract to scavenge hydroxyl ion and nitric oxide was also tested, in cell-free system and a concentration of 1000 microg/ml, was found to be the most potent, which has been proposed as one the many activities assisting in its overall ability to modulate radiation-induced taste aversion. The results demonstrate that Z. officinale possesses antioxidant, radioprotective and neuromodulatory properties that can be effectively utilized for behavioral radioprotection and for efficiently mitigating radiation-induced CTA in both males and females species.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiological Imaging, Bio-informatics and Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India.
authors.forename: Anupum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haksar
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Raman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Surender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D020939:Zingiber officinale; D008297:Male; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012439:Saccharin; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D017294:Ondansetron; D003907:Dexamethasone; D012439:Saccharin