title: Accelerated volumetric MRI with a SENSE/GRAPPA combination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To combine the specific advantages of the generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) technique and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) with two-dimensional (2D) undersampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  By splitting the 2D reconstruction process into multiple one-dimensional (1D) reconstructions, the normal 1D GRAPPA method can be used for image reconstruction. Due to this data-handling process, a GRAPPA reconstruction is performed along the phase-encoding (PE) direction and effectively a SENSE reconstruction is performed along the partition-encoding (PAE) direction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo experiments demonstrate the successful implementation of the SENSE/GRAPPA combination. Experimental results with up to 9.6-fold acceleration using a prototype 32-channel receiver head coil array are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed SENSE/GRAPPA combination for 3D imaging allows the GRAPPA method to be applied in combination with 2D undersampling. Because the SENSE/GRAPPA combination is not based on knowledge of spatial coil sensitivities, it should be the method of choice whenever it is difficult to extract the sensitivity information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. martin.blaimer@case.edu
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaimer
authors.forename: Felix A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Breuer
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seiberlich
authors.forename: Matthias F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Heidemann
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jellus
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wiggins
authors.forename: Lawrence L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Griswold
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jakob
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*