Differential usage of non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination in double strand break repair.
Repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) plays a critical role in the maintenance of the genome. DSB arise frequently as a consequence of replication fork stalling and also due to the attack of exogenous agents. Repair of broken DNA is essential for survival. Two major pathways, homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) have evolved to deal with these lesions, and are conserved from yeast to vertebrates. Despite the conservation of these pathways, their relative contribution to DSB repair varies greatly between these two species. HR plays a dominant role in any DSB repair in yeast, whereas NHEJ significantly contributes to DSB repair in vertebrates. This active NHEJ requires a regulatory mechanism to choose HR or NHEJ in vertebrate cells. In this review, we illustrate how HR and NHEJ are differentially regulated depending on the phase of cell cycle and on the nature of the DSB.
Sonoda
Eiichiro
E
Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Hochegger
Helfrid
H
Saberi
Alihossein
A
Taniguchi
Yoshihito
Y
Takeda
Shunichi
S
D000818:Animals; D019457:Chromosome Breakage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C081647:high affinity DNA-binding factor, S cerevisiae