title: Design and synthesis of new water-soluble tetrazolide derivatives of celecoxib and rofecoxib as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors.
abstract: In an attempt to prepare a new water-soluble, parenteral COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib (9) and celecoxib (13) analogues were designed and synthesized for evaluation as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors with in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. In this experiment, respective SO(2)Me and SO(2)NH(2) hydrogen-bonding pharmacophores were replaced by a tetrazole ring. Molecular modeling (docking) studies showed that the tetrazole ring of these two analogues (9 and 13) was inserted deep into the secondary pocket of the human COX-2 binding site where it undergoes electrostatic interaction with Arg(513). The rofecoxib (9) and celecoxib (13) analogues exhibited a high in vitro selectivity (9, COX-1 IC(50) = 3.8 nM; COX-2 IC(50) = 1.8 nM; SI = 2.11; 13, COX-1 IC(50) = 4.1 nM; COX-2 IC(50) = 1.9 nM; SI = 2.16) relative to the reference drug celecoxib (COX-1 IC(50) = 3.7 nM; COX-2 IC(50) = .2 nM; SI=1.68) and also showed high aqueous solubility at pH higher than 7 and good anti-inflammatory activity in a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay. However, 9 and 13 had no significant damage on gastric mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Latifeh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Navidpour
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shafaroodi
authors.forename: Khosrou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ghahremani
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dehpour
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafiee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D007783:Lactones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013450:Sulfones; D014867:Water; C116926:rofecoxib; D000068579:Celecoxib