title: Serine protease inhibitors nafamostat mesilate and gabexate mesilate attenuate allergen-induced airway inflammation and eosinophilia in a murine model of asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serine proteases such as mast cell tryptase and certain allergens are important in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammation of asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to investigate the effects of serine protease inhibitors nafamostat mesilate (FUT), gabexate mesilate (FOY), and ulinastatin (UTI) on airway inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and intratracheally challenged with Der p (0.5 mg/mL). Therapeutic doses of FUT (0.0625 mg/kg), FOY (20 mg/kg), and UTI (10,000 U/kg) were intra-peritoneally injected into 3 corresponding sensitized mice during the sensitization phase (protocol 1) or 24 hours after allergen challenge (protocol 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both FUT-treated and FOY-treated sensitized mice had reduced mast cells activation, airway hyperresponsiveness, attenuated eosinophils infiltrations, and decreased Der p-induced IL-4 and TNF-alpha, but increased IL-12 cytokine production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with nontreated mice. Furthermore, FUT treatment downregulated the expression of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, eotaxin, inducible NO synthase, CD86, and nuclear factor-kappaB activation, but enhanced the expression of IL-12 and IL-10 in Der p-stimulated alveolar macrophages. UTI-treated mice have no significant change of the aforementioned measurements compared with nontreated sensitized mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nafamostat mesilate and FOY exerting the therapeutic effect in allergen-induced airway inflammation was a result not only of their inhibitory action in the early phase of mast cells activation but also of immunoregulatory function in the late phase of allergic inflammation. Such properties of FUT and FOY might be a potential therapeutic approach for asthma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical used of serine protease inhibitors FUT and FOY may also have implications for treating airway inflammation of asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsing-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chih-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shulhn-Der
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhao-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Kuo-Juei
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shung-Te
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: Thoru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Chun-Keung
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jiu-Yao
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001550:Benzamidines; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D016670:Gabexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001550:Benzamidines; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D006146:Guanidines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D016670:Gabexate; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C451162:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 1; C032855:nafamostat