title: Statin attenuates high glucose-induced and angiotensin II-induced MAP kinase activity through inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity in cultured mesangial cells.
abstract: An increased oxidative stress may contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. We have recently reported that high glucose level stimulated superoxide production through protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase in cultured vascular cells. Here we show that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) attenuates both high glucose level-induced and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated kinase (MAP kinase) in cultured human mesangial cells through inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity. The intracellular oxidative stress in cultured mesangial cells was evaluated by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement. MAP kinase activity was evaluated by western blot analysis using anti phospho-specific MAP kinase antibody and anti-ERK-1 antibody. Exposure of the cells to high glucose level (450 mg/dl) for 72 hrs significantly increased MAP kinase activity as compared to normal glucose level (100 mg/dl). This increase was completely blocked by the treatment of pitavastatin (5x10(-7) M) as well as a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium, 10(-5) M) in parallel with the attenuation of oxidative stress. Ang II-induced activation of MAP kinase was also completely blocked by pitavastatin as well as a diphenylene iodonium in parallel with the attenuation of oxidative stress. In conclusion, pitavastatin attenuated high glucose-induced and Ang II- induced MAP kinase activity in mesangial cells through inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase. Thus, statins may have a potential as a therapeutic tool for early diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsubouchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawata
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005947:Glucose / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050527:Mesangial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D009281:Naphthalenes; D009861:Onium Compounds; D011804:Quinolines; C061465:calphostin complex; D000804:Angiotensin II; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; C108475:pitavastatin