title: Influences of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms on eradication rates of clarithromycin-sensitive strains of Helicobacter pylori by triple therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, are associated with individual differences in gastric mucosal inflammation and acid inhibition in response to Helicobacter pylori infection. We investigated whether inflammation-related cytokine polymorphisms would influence the eradication rates of H pylori by a triple-therapy regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred sixty patients infected with clarithromycin-sensitive strains of H pylori were genotyped for IL1B -511, IL1RN, TNFA -857/-863/-1,031, IL10 -1,082/-819/-592, and CYP2C19 and underwent triple therapy for 1 week with a proton pump inhibitor (20 mg omeprazole, 30 mg lansoprazole, or 10 mg rabeprazole) twice daily, 400 mg clarithromycin twice daily, and 750 mg amoxicillin (INN, amoxicilline) twice daily. The influences of the previously mentioned polymorphisms on the eradication rates were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intention-to-treat-based total eradication rate was 83.6% (301/360). The logistic regression analysis revealed that polymorphisms of CYP2C19 and IL1B -511 were independently associated with the eradication rates, but other cytokine polymorphisms were not associated with these rates. The eradication rates in patients with IL1B -511 C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes were 72.2% (70/97), 87.7% (164/187), and 88.2% (67/76), respectively (P = .0017). When patients were stratified by CYP2C19 genotype status, IL1B -511 genotype-dependent differences in eradication rates were observed in homozygous extensive metabolizers (EMs) but not in heterozygous EMs and poor metabolizers of CYP2C19. The eradication rate in homozygous EM patients with the IL1B -511 C/C genotype was quite low (51.1% [22/43]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL1B -511 polymorphism, but not IL1RN, TNFA, or IL10 polymorphism, is one of the determinants of triple therapy for clarithromycin-sensitive strains of H pylori in CYP2C19 homozygous EMs.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Medicine, Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. mitsu@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mitsushige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Mutsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikuma
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hishida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005838:Genotype; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D017291:Clarithromycin