title: Oral oxycodone hydrochloride versus epidural anaesthesia for pain control after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether combined oral intake of paracetamol (4 x 1 g) + oxycodone hydrochloride (2x10 mg) is adequate and equivalent to epidural anaesthesia (EDA) with respect to postoperative pain control and postoperative mobilization after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty consecutive patients scheduled for RRP were randomized to either: EDA with ropivacaine + paracetamol (4 x 1 g tablet) + injected or oral morphine on demand (EDA group); or infiltration of 25-40 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine into the wound + oxycodone hydrochloride (2 x 10 mg tablet) + paracetamol (4x1 g tablet) + injected or oral morphine on demand (OXY group). The groups were compared with respect to pain control determined by means of a visual analogue scale (VAS), time to free mobilization, hospital stay, complications, operation time and bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both analgesic regimens provided satisfactory analgesia, i.e. VAS scores remained significantly below 4 (p<0.0001). The EDA group experienced slightly less pain than the OXY group on the operation day but this was not significant: median VAS scores of 0.7 and 1.8, respectively (p=0.27). Median VAS scores during hospital stay were 1.7 in both treatment groups. VAS scores ranged from 0.1 to 3.3 and from 0.2 to 3.5 in the EDA and OXY groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in postoperative mobilization between the groups (p=0.06). The median duration of hospital stay was 3 nights in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative pain control after RRP with oral oxycodone hydrochloride, paracetamol and extra morphine on demand is preferable to EDA when pain control as well as mobilization and costs are taken into account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hohwü
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akre
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergenwald
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Törnblom
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004434:Early Ambulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000082:Acetaminophen; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D017409:Sufentanil; D010098:Oxycodone; D002045:Bupivacaine