title: Human herpesvirus 6A decreases the susceptibility of macrophages to R5 variants of human immunodeficiency virus 1: possible role of RANTES and IL-8.
abstract: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) frequently reactivates in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infected patients, and is thought to be a cofactor in AIDS progression. Macrophages are targets and reservoirs of HIV-1 and HHV-6; hence, they have an important role in dissemination and pathogenesis of these viruses. The present study examined the effects of HHV-6 A variant on replication of R5 variants of HIV-1 in macrophages. For this purpose, HIV-1 replication was investigated in macrophages infected with HIV-1 alone or along with HHV-6A. Our results demonstrated that HHV-6A significantly suppressed HIV-1 replication in coinfected cultures. HHV-6A infection resulted in increased secretion of RANTES and IL-8. Experiments with exogenous RANTES and IL-8 revealed that these chemokines also significantly suppressed HIV-1 replication in infected macrophages. RANTES is able to induce desensitization and internalization of CCR5, the chemokine coreceptor of R5 variants. In addition, IL-8 receptor activation results in cross-desensitization and cross-internalization of CCR5. We found that CCR5 sensitivity and expression level is diminished in HHV-6A-infected macrophage cultures compared with uninfected cells. Taken together, our results indicate that HHV-6A infection decreases the susceptibility of macrophages to R5 variants of HIV-1 in which the HHV-6A induced RANTES and IL-8 may have importance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. csomae@freemail.hu
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csoma
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deli
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kónya
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Csernoch
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gergely
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019713:Receptors, CCR5