title: Persistent dynamic attractors in activity patterns of cultured neuronal networks.
abstract: Three remarkable features of the nervous system--complex spatiotemporal patterns, oscillations, and persistent activity--are fundamental to such diverse functions as stereotypical motor behavior, working memory, and awareness. Here we report that cultured cortical networks spontaneously generate a hierarchical structure of periodic activity with a strongly stereotyped population-wide spatiotemporal structure demonstrating all three fundamental properties in a recurring pattern. During these "superbursts," the firing sequence of the culture periodically converges to a dynamic attractor orbit. Precursors of oscillations and persistent activity have previously been reported as intrinsic properties of the neurons. However, complex spatiotemporal patterns that are coordinated in a large population of neurons and persist over several hours--and thus are capable of representing and preserving information--cannot be explained by known oscillatory properties of isolated neurons. Instead, the complexity of the observed spatiotemporal patterns implies large-scale self-organization of neurons interacting in a precise temporal order even in vitro, in cultures usually considered to have random connectivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wagenaar
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nadasdy
authors.forename: Steve M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*