title: I think, therefore I am: a twin study of attributional style in adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parenting factors may be important to the development of attributional style in adolescence, which in turn relates to depression symptoms. These relationships have mainly been considered in terms of social risk mechanisms, and little is known about the role of genetic influences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported measures of attributional style, depression symptoms and parental disciplinary styles were administered to over 1300 adolescent twin and sibling pairs. Model-fitting techniques were used to examine the role of genetic and environmental influences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate genetic influences on attributional style were demonstrated, and furthermore, its association with depression reflected considerable genetic effects. Familial factors were implicated in the association between attributional style and punitive parenting, although genetic from shared environmental causes could not be distinguished.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that attributional style is influenced by genetic, as well as social factors. Implications for aetiological pathways integrating cognitive, genetic and social factors on adolescent depression are discussed.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK. j.lau@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jennifer Y F
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Frühling
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rijsdijk
authors.forename: Thalia C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Eley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012931:Social Environment; D012938:Social Perception; D013850:Thinking; D014427:Twins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*