title: Colonic polyps: effect of attenuation of tagged fluid and viewing window on conspicuity and measurement--in vitro experiment with porcine colonic specimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate effect of attenuation of tagged fluid and viewing window on polyp conspicuity and measurement with porcine colonic specimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven (3-10-mm-diameter) polyps were created in porcine colon and the specimen submerged in saline. Four-detector row CT was performed after gas distension and after filling with six barium sulfate suspensions (attenuation, 100-1000 HU). Two readers independently measured maximal two-dimensional polyp diameter on each data set with the following four viewing windows and window levels and window widths, respectively: colon (-150 HU, 1500 HU), lung (-500 HU, 1500 HU), bone (500 HU, 2500 HU), and abdomen (40 HU, 400 HU). In consensus, polyp conspicuity (compared with air data set) was assigned a grade of 1-4 for each viewing window (grade 1, not seen or barely visible; grade 4, optimally seen). For statistical analysis, conspicuity grades were collapsed to a two-point scale. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi2 tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accuracy of polyp measurement was independent of viewing window for attenuation of tagged fluid of 100-300 HU but differed significantly for 500-1000 HU (P < .001); that for colonic and bone viewing windows was superior (median size difference, 1.0 mm; interquartile range, 0.5-1.5). Conspicuity differed significantly according to viewing window at all attenuation values (P < .001). For 100-300 HU with abdominal viewing window, 83% (24 of 29) of observations were assigned grade 3 or 4 (best). For 500-1000 HU with bone viewing window, 94% (30 of 32) of observations were assigned grade 3 or 4 (superior). Overall conspicuity was best with bone viewing windows at 700 HU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyp conspicuity and measurement in tagged data sets were optimized at 700 HU with bone viewing windows. At less than 300 HU, conspicuity improved with abdominal viewing windows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intestinal Imaging, St. Mark's Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burling
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gartner
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scarth
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halligan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D023881:Colonography, Computed Tomographic; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015588:Observer Variation; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D013552:Swine