title: Angiogenesis in multiple myeloma.
abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) was the first haematological malignancy in which a prognostic relevance of bone marrow microvessel density (MVD) was shown. Myeloma-induced angiogenesis involves either the direct production of angiogenic molecules by myeloma cells or their induction in bone marrow stromal cells or endothelial cells (EC). Recent data demonstrate an increased angiogenic potential and a paracrine stimulatory effect of bone marrow EC on plasma cells (PC) in MM. Soluble angiogenic factors are elevated in bone marrow (BM) and in peripheral blood samples from myeloma patients. Furthermore, correlation with disease stage and prognosis was shown for serum levels of the angiogenic factors basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this review we summarize recent data which give strong evidence for an increased angiogenic activity in bone marrow microenvironment and support the hypothesis that angiogenesis is not only an epiphenomenon of tumour growth but may also promote PC growth in MM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology and Oncology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Schumannstr. 20, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sterz
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zavrski
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Heider
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kleeberg
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fleissner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sezer
mesh_terms: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000098:blood supply*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000628:therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D016207:Cytokines