title: Antiplatelet therapy prior to carotid endarterectomy--still room for improvement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiplatelet therapy is one of the most important modalities for secondary prevention of ischemic events. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the current practice of antiplatelet therapy in patients with high grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA), who were referred by neurologists, stroke physicians and cardiologists for carotid endarterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred to our department for carotid endarterectomy with ICA stenosis (> 70% according to NASCET criteria) were prospectively evaluated regarding atherosclerosis risk factors and current antiplatelet therapy. During a 7 month period, 235 patients were scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. Their mean age was 70 years (range 42 years to 95 years), 91 patients were female (39%), 144 male (61%). 122 patients (52%) had a symptomatic ICA stenosis, 113 (48%) an asymptomatic ICA stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 235 patients, 29 were either on low molecular weight heparin or vitamin K antagonists for reasons other than ICA stenosis and were therefore excluded from analysis. Therefore, 206 patients (88%) were evaluated for antiplatelet therapy prescribed by their admitting physicians. Of these patients, 77 (37%) (42 (41%) symptomatic and 35 (34%) asymptomatic patients) did not receive any antithrombotic therapy prior to admission for surgery. The majority of patients received aspirin preoperatively (106 patients, 51.5%) 13 (6%) patients were on clopidogrel and 10 (5%) on dual therapy with Aspirin and clopidogrel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than one third of patients awaiting carotid endarterectomy did not receive any antiplatelet therapy, despite high grade ICA stenosis. Since this practice does not meet the current guidelines, campaigns to increase the awareness of this problem are urgently needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Wilhelminenspital Vienna, Austria. afshin_assadian@yahoo.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assadian
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eidher
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Senekowitsch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rotter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Löchli
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hagmüller
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knöbl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001317:Austria; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004363:Drug Utilization; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011292:Premedication; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin