title: The inflammatory C-reactive protein is increased in both liver and adipose tissue in severely obese patients independently from metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, and NASH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-Reactive Protein (CRP), a nonspecific marker of inflammation that is moderately elevated in obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS), and type 2 diabetes, has been proposed as a surrogate marker of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Its clinical usefulness in the diagnosis of NASH was evaluated in severely obese patients without or with MS, diabetes, and NASH and the potential roles of the liver and of the adipose tissue in CRP production were characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Severely obese patients without NASH (without MS [N = 13], with MS [N = 11], or with MS and diabetes [N = 7]) and with NASH (without [N = 8] or with [N = 7] MS) were studied. For each patient, liver and adipose tissue biopsies were collected during a bariatric surgery and were used to determine the CRP gene expression by real-time PCR. The role of interleukin-6 (IL6) and lipopolysaccharide in CRP expression was also evaluated in subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained during cosmetic abdominoplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma CRP levels were elevated in severely obese patients independently from the presence or absence of MS, diabetes, or NASH. CRP gene expression was not only increased in livers but also in adipose tissues of obese patients compared with controls subjects. In human adipose tissue, CRP mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of IL-6 and the CRP expression was enhanced in vitro by IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma CRP levels are not predictive of the diagnosis of NASH in severely obese patients. The liver but also the adipose tissue can produce CRP, a process which could be dependent on IL6. Therefore, both tissues might contribute to the elevated plasma CRP levels found in obesity. In addition, the large amount of body fat may well produce an important part of the circulating CRP, further limiting its clinical usefulness in the evaluation of NASH in severely obese patients.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 568, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anty
authors.forename: Soumeya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bekri
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luciani
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Saint-Paul
authors.forename: Moncef
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahman
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannelli
authors.forename: Imed Ben
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Amor
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Staccini-Myx
authors.forename: Pierre-Michel
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Huet
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gugenheim
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sadoul
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Marchand-Brustel
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gual
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein