title: Ultrasonic concentration measurement of aqueous solutions using PLS regression.
abstract: This work demonstrates the use of a multivariate statistical technique called partial least squares (PLS) to extract material related data by analyzing spectra of ultrasonic pulses. We show how PLS can be used to estimate the concentration of sodium chloride in an aqueous solution. The paper describes the use of PLS and discusses pre-processing of ultrasonic data, the PLS algorithm as well as model validation. The measured concentrations are compared to reference values. The influence of disturbances and parameter changes is highlighted. The proposed method is easily adaptable to similar applications and permits a cost-saving implementation using existing and approved hardware.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Micro- and Sensor Systems (IMOS), University of Magdeburg, P.O. Box 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany. robert.schaefer@e-technik.uni-magdeburg.de <robert.schaefer@e-technik.uni-magdeburg.de>
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Johan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauptmann
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis*; D012996:Solutions; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride