title: Favored T helper 1 response in a mouse model of hepatosteatosis is associated with enhanced T cell-mediated hepatitis.
abstract: Steatohepatitis enhances the severity of liver injury caused by acute inflammation. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that fatty liver due to chronic choline-deficient diet exacerbates concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver hepatitis, which is predominantly facilitated by T cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either control choline-sufficient diet (CSD) or choline-deficient diet (CDD) for 6 weeks before ConA administration. Mice were sacrificed 3, 9, and 24 hours after ConA injection. Liver injury measured by aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), pathology, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was minimal in mice fed either diet before ConA exposure. However, ConA-induced liver injury was significantly greater in CDD-fed mice compared with control-fed mice. Liver cytokines were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of T helper (Th) 1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 12 (IL-12), and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were dramatically elevated after ConA in CDD-fed mice compared with control-fed mice. CDD also enhanced ConA-induced STAT4 activation, but not STAT6. Notably, regulators of T-cell differentiation were strongly shifted toward a predominant Th1 profile. T-bet, regulator of the Th1 response, was up-regulated in CDD-fed mice, whereas Th2 regulator GATA-3 was significantly suppressed in CDD-fed mice after ConA. Moreover, the expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1, SOCS-3, and repressor of GATA-3 (ROG) favored a predominant Th1 cytokine response in CDD-fed mice. In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that hepatosteatosis caused by CDD is associated with more severe ConA-induced hepatitis due to a predominant shift toward Th1 response.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. mkremer@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Ian Neil
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: Richard Jameson
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Milton
authors.forename: Michael Daryl
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002796:Choline Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000633:toxicity; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003208:Concanavalin A; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase