[Nutrition transition: a review of Latin American profile].
The nutrition situation has evolved in different ways in Latin-American countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the nutritional change and some conditions within Latin America in the last years. An electronic and manual search of articles published between 1995 and 2005 was made, selecting those that included the nutritional situation of Latin American countries. Additionally, data was collected from national surveys and international reports including information since 1990. The countries have evolved through different transition stages. For example, an increase of excess of weight, particularly in adult women, which exceeded 30% in some countries also reached up to 70% in others. Equally worrisome was the over 6% obesity level in children in five of the countries surveyed. There is a tendency to diminish the deficit of weight with seven of nine countries displaying a reduction of women with low weight while stunting diminished globally. An increase of the caloric availability in 17 of 20 countries was also observed. The total population that lives under the poverty line has diminished in 9 of 13 countries although some exceeded 60%. Some indicators of sedentary lifestyle have increased, the number of cars has been increasing in all countries and similar figures are recorded with respect to television and personnel computers. The evolution of the nutritional status is reflected through the action of set factors, the most important of which being the increase in caloric ingestion and sedentary activities in an urbanized environment, the promotion of the use of technologies that limit physical activity. There is also a reduction in food insecurity due to a fall in poverty levels although social inequalities still persist.
Barría
R Mauricio
RM
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile.
Amigo
Hugo
H
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019456:Health Transition; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors