title: Designer drug 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2): studies on its metabolism and toxicological detection in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques.
abstract: Studies are described on the metabolism and the toxicological detection of the amphetamine-derived designer drug 2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA-2) in rat urine using gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques. The identified metabolites indicated that TMA-2 was metabolized by oxidative deamination to the corresponding ketone followed by reduction to the corresponding alcohol, O-demethylation followed by oxidative deamination, and finally O,O-bis-demethylation. All metabolites carrying hydroxy groups were found to be partly excreted in urine as glucuronides and/or sulfates. The authors' systematic toxicological analysis (STA) procedure using full-scan GC/MS after acid hydrolysis, liquid-liquid extraction, and microwave-assisted acetylation allowed the detection, in rat urine, of an intake of TMA-2 that corresponds to a common drug users' dose. Assuming similar metabolism, the described STA procedure in human urine should be suitable as proof of an intake of TMA-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, D-66421 Homburg (Saar), Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ewald
authors.forename: Giselher
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fritschi
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Maurer
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D015198:Designer Drugs; C521830:2,4,5-trimethoxyamphetamine