title: Amphibian peptides prevent endotoxemia and bacterial translocation in bile duct-ligated rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of amphibian antimicrobial peptides in preventing bacterial translocation and neutralizing endotoxins in bile duct-ligated rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats underwent sham operation or bile duct ligation (BDL). Eight groups were studied: sham operation with saline treatment, sham operation with 120 mg/kg tazobactam-piperacillin, sham operation with 2 mg/kg uperin 3.6, sham operation with 2 mg/kg magainin2, BDL with saline treatment, BDL with 120 mg/kg tazobactam-piperacillin, BDL with 2 mg/kg uperin 3.6, and BDL with 2 mg/kg magainin2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main outcome measures were: endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in plasma and evidence of bacterial translocation in blood, peritoneum, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha plasma levels were significantly higher in BDL rats compared with sham-operated animals. All amphibian peptides achieved a significant reduction of plasma endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration when compared with saline- and tazobactam-piperacillin-treated groups. On the other hand, both tazobactam-piperacillin and peptides significantly reduced bacterial growth compared with the control. Tazobactam-piperacillin and magainin2 exerted the maximal inhibition of bacterial growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, because of their multifunctional properties, amphibian peptides could be interesting compounds to inhibit bacterial translocation and endotoxin release in obstructive jaundice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacometti
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cirioni
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghiselli
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mocchegiani
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Silvestri
authors.forename: Fiorenza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kamysz
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Licci
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kamysz
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lukasiak
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scalise
mesh_terms: D029845:Amphibian Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016470:Bacteremia; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000382:microbiology*; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000382:microbiology; D054806:Magainins; D008297:Male; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000382:microbiology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000078142:Tazobactam; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
chemical_list: D029845:Amphibian Proteins; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D004731:Endotoxins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054806:Magainins; D010455:Peptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D065093:beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; C121472:uperin 3.6 peptide, Uperoleia mjobergii; C053301:magainin 2 peptide, Xenopus; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000078142:Tazobactam; D010878:Piperacillin