title: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections as risk factors for cytological and histological abnormalities in baseline PAP smear-negative women followed-up for 2 years in the LAMS study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of HPV as determinant of the incident cytological abnormalities (SIL) and cervical lesions (CIN) during a 24-month follow-up of baseline PAP smear-negative subgroup of women included in the Latin American Screening study (LAMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 365 women with normal Pap smear and negative or positive high-risk Hybrid Capture II test were prospectively followed-up for 24 months at Campinas and São Paulo (Brazil). The incidence rate (IR) and risk ratio (RR and 95% CI) of developing cytological or histological abnormality during the follow-up was calculated for HPV-negative and HPV-positive women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 12-month follow-up, women HPV-positive at baseline had developed a significantly higher rate of incident LSIL (IR=3.5%, RR=1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.7) and HSIL (IR=0.7%, RR=1.5; 95% CI 1.4-1.7) abnormality. For HSIL, the IR increased to 2.1% and the RR increased to 1.7 (95% CI 1.5-1.9) among those followed for 24 months. Similarly, women with positive HPV tests were at a higher risk of developing CIN 2-3 (IR=2.6%, RR=1.5; 95% CI 1.4-1.6) during the first 12 months of follow-up, and for those followed for 24 months, this RR increased further to 1.7 (95% CI 1.5-1.9) although the IR was 0.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oncogenic HPV infections comprise a significant risk factor for incident cervical abnormalities, and HPV test is a useful adjunct to cytology in detecting the high-risk patients among baseline PAP smear-negative women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gontijo
authors.forename: Sophie F M
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Derchain
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roteli-Martins
authors.forename: Joana F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bragança
authors.forename: Luis O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Sarian
authors.forename: Sirlei S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Marina Yoshie Sakamoto
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Adhemar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Longatto-Filho
authors.forename: Kari J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Syrjänen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology