title: Multicentre study of acute alcohol use and non-fatal injuries: data from the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the risk of non-fatal injury at low levels and moderate levels of alcohol consumption as well as the differences in risk across modes of injury and differences among alcoholics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are from patients aged 18 years and older collected in 2001-02 by the WHO collaborative study on alcohol and injuries from 10 emergency departments around the world (n = 4320). We used a case-crossover method to compare the use of alcohol during the 6 hours prior to the injury with the use of alcohol during same day of the week in the previous week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of injury increased with consumption of a single drink (odds ratio (OR) = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.9-5.7), and there was a 10-fold increase for participants who had consumed six or more drinks during the previous 6 hours. Participants who had sustained intentional injuries were at a higher risk than participants who had sustained unintentional injuries. Patients who had no symptoms of alcohol dependence had a higher OR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since low levels of drinking were associated with an increased risk of sustaining a non-fatal injury, and patients who are not dependent on alcohol may be at higher risk of becoming injured, comprehensive strategies for reducing harm should be implemented for all drinkers seen in emergency departments.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria & Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco No. 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Mexico DF 14370. guibor@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orozco
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rehm
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poznyak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014944:World Health Organization; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*