title: Classifying EEG and ECoG signals without subject training for fast BCI implementation: comparison of nonparalyzed and completely paralyzed subjects.
abstract: We summarize results from a series of related studies that aim to develop a motor-imagery-based brain-computer interface using a single recording session of electroencephalogram (EEG) or electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals for each subject. We apply the same experimental and analytical methods to 11 nonparalysed subjects (eight EEG, three ECoG), and to five paralyzed subjects (four EEG, one ECoG) who had been unable to communicate for some time. While it was relatively easy to obtain classifiable signals quickly from most of the nonparalyzed subjects, it proved impossible to classify the signals obtained from the paralyzed patients by the same methods. This highlights the fact that though certain BCI paradigms may work well with healthy subjects, this does not necessarily indicate success with the target user group. We outline possible reasons for this failure to transfer.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72012 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: N Jeremy
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Thomas Navin
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hinterberger
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Femke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nijboer
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mochty
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Widman
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elger
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schölkopf
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Birbaumer
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003200:Computer User Training / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010243:Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface