title: Software volumetric evaluation of doubling times for differentiating benign versus malignant pulmonary nodules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to evaluate the reliability of software-calculated doubling times for discerning malignant versus benign nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  CT lung analysis volumetric software was used to retrospectively calculate the doubling times of 63 solid noncalcified nodules by comparing nodule volumes on baseline and follow-up CT scans obtained a median of 3.7 months apart. A final diagnosis based on validated criteria was available for all 63 nodules. All CT examinations were performed with 1.25-mm-thick slices on a four-detector unit. Taking 500 days as the upper value for malignancies, we evaluated whether the software-calculated doubling times could be used to distinguish malignant from benign solid nodules. We also examined whether the relative volume variation of benign nodules correlated with initial nodule size, interscan interval, or differences in contrast administration or exposure parameters between baseline and follow-up CT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 52 benign and 11 malignant nodules. Benign nodules had a median doubling time of 947 days and a mean relative volume variation of -4.4% (range, -50% to 38%). Malignant nodules had a median doubling time of 117 days and a mean relative volume variation of 102% (22-462%). The sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of the volumetric software for diagnosing malignancy were 91% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-1.00), 90% (95% CI, 0.79-0.97), 98% (95% CI, 0.89-1.00), and 67% (95% CI, 0.38-0.88), respectively. No correlation was found between the relative volume variation of benign nodules and their initial size, the interscan interval, or differences in contrast administration or exposure parameters between the two CT examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Software-calculated pulmonary nodule doubling times of more than 500 days have a 98% negative predictive value for the diagnosis of solid malignant pulmonary nodules. This method may be useful for diagnosing malignant pulmonary nodules on follow-up CT.
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiologie, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, Paris, F-75015 France. marie-pierre.revel@egp.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Revel
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merlin
authors.forename: Severine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peyrard
authors.forename: Rached
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Triki
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Couchon
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chatellier
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frija
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012984:Software; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden