title: A population study of the long-term consequences of Rose angina: 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew-Paisley study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the long-term cardiovascular consequences of angina in a large epidemiological study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study conducted between 1972 and 1976 with 20 years of follow-up (the Renfrew-Paisley Study).
  
  
  METHODS
  Renfrew and Paisley, West Scotland, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  7048 men and 8354 women aged 45-64 years who underwent comprehensive cardiovascular screening at baseline, including the Rose Angina Questionnaire and electrocardiography (ECG).
  
  
  METHODS
  All deaths and hospitalisations for cardiovascular reasons occurring over the subsequent 20 years, according to the baseline Rose angina score and baseline ECG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, 669 (9.5%) men and 799 (9.6%) women had angina on Rose Angina Questionnaire. All-cause mortality for those with Rose angina was 67.7% in men and 43.3% in women at 20 years compared with 45.4% and 30.4%, respectively, in those without angina (p<0.001). Values are expressed as hazards ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI). In a multivariate analysis, men with Rose angina had an increased risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalisation (1.49 (1.33 to 1.66), myocardial infarction (1.63 (1.41 to 1.85)) or heart failure (1.54 (1.13 to 2.10)) compared with men without angina. The corresponding HR (95% CI) for women were 1.38 (1.23 to 1.55), 1.56 (1.31 to 1.85) and 1.92 (1.44 to 2.56). An abnormality on the electrocardiogram (ECG) increased risk further, and both angina and an abnormality on the ECG increased risk most of all compared with those with neither angina nor ischaemic changes on the ECG. Compared with men, women with Rose angina were less likely to have a cardiovascular event (0.54 (0.46 to 0.64)) or myocardial infarction (0.44 (0.35 to 0.56)), although there was no sex difference in the risk of stroke (1.11 (0.75 to 1.65)), atrial fibrillation (0.84 (0.38 to 1.87)) or heart failure (0.79 (0.51 to 1.21)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Angina in middle age substantially increases the risk of death, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, UK.
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacIntyre
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hole
authors.forename: J J V
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McMurray
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate