title: Bishop score and ultrasound assessment of the cervix for prediction of time to onset of labor and time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of Bishop score and sonographic cervical length to predict time to spontaneous onset of labor and time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven women underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination and palpation of the cervix at 291-296 days' gestation according to ultrasound fetometry at 12-20 weeks' gestation. Sonographic cervical length and Bishop score were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine which variables were independent predictors of the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h, < or = 48 h, and < or = 96 h. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn to assess diagnostic performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nulliparous women (n = 45), both Bishop score and sonographic cervical length predicted the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h and < or = 48 h (area under ROC curve for the onset of labor < or = 24 h 0.79 vs. 0.80, P = 0.94; for delivery < or = 24 h 0.81 vs. 0.85, P = 0.64; for the onset of labor < or = 48 h 0.73 vs. 0.74, P = 0.90; for delivery < or = 48 h 0.77 vs. 0.71, P = 0.50). Only Bishop score discriminated between nulliparous women who went into labor/delivered < or = 96 h or > 96 h. A logistic regression model including Bishop score and cervical length was superior to Bishop score alone in predicting delivery < or = 24 h (area under ROC curve 0.93 vs. 0.81, P = 0.03) and superior to Bishop score alone and cervical length alone in predicting the onset of labor < or = 24 h (area under ROC curve 0.90 vs. 0.79, P = 0.06; and 0.90 vs. 0.80, P = 0.06). In parous women (n = 52), Bishop score and sonographic cervical length predicted the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h (area under ROC curve for the onset of labor 0.75 vs. 0.69, P = 0.49; for delivery 0.74 vs. 0.70, P = 0.62), but only Bishop score discriminated between women who went into labor/delivered < or = 48 h and > 48 h. Three parous women had not gone into labor and six had not given birth at 96 h. In parous women logistic regression models including both Bishop score and cervical length did not substantially improve prediction of the time to onset of labor/delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In prolonged pregnancy Bishop score and sonographic cervical length have a similar ability to predict the time to the onset of labor and delivery. In nulliparous women the use of logistic regression models including Bishop score and cervical length is likely to offer better prediction of the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h than the use of the Bishop score alone.
authors.affiliation: Obstetric, Gynecological and Prenatal Ultrasound Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. ewa.strobel@skane.se
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sladkevicius
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rovas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Smet
authors.forename: E Dejin
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valentin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020070:Cervical Ripening / Q000502:physiology; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007745:Labor Onset / Q000502:physiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D010173:Palpation; D010298:Parity; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011273:Pregnancy, Prolonged / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012372:ROC Curve; D047929:Term Birth / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal