title: Long-standing type II diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for slow gastric emptying in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delayed gastric emptying (GE) is common both in critical illness and in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). The effect of DM on the incidence of slow GE in these patients is unknown. We evaluated the effect of DM on liquid GE in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of GE using a standard [13C]octanoic acid breath test in 12 type 2 DM patients compared with (a) 44 critically ill patients without DM, including (b) a subgroup of 15 age- and sex-matched patients and (c) 15 healthy volunteers. We determined the gastric emptying coefficient (GEC) and the gastric half-emptying time (t50). Mean APACHE II scores, blood glucose levels and use of morphine were similar between patient groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GE was faster in critically ill patients with DM (t50 122 +/- 11 min, GEC: 3.8 +/- 0.3) than in patients without DM (t50 168 +/- 16 min, GEC 2.8 +/- 0.1) and in age- and sex-matched controls (t50 165 +/- 13 min, GEC 2.7 +/- 0.2) and was similar to that in healthy volunteers (t50 148 +/- 13 min, GEC 3.5 +/- 0.1). The proportion of patients with slow emptying (GEC < 3.2) was greater in non-DM (all = 56%, matched = 60%) than in DM patients (25%) and healthy subjects (26%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-standing type diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for slow GE in critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Nam Q
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zacharakis
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Holloway
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D001944:Breath Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016638:Critical Illness; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors