title: Curing capability of halogen and LED light curing units in deep class II cavities in extracted human molars.
abstract: Class II cavities were prepared in extracted lower molars filled and cured in three 2-mm increments using a metal matrix. Three composites (Spectrum TPH A4, Ceram X mono M7 and Tetric Ceram A4) were cured with both the SmartLite PS LED LCU and the Spectrum 800 continuous cure halogen LCU using curing cycles of 10, 20 and 40 seconds. Each increment was cured before adding the next. After a seven-day incubation period, the composite specimens were removed from the teeth, embedded in self-curing resin and ground to half the orofacial width. Knoop microhardness was determined 100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500 and 5500 microm from the occlusal surface at a distance of 150 microm and 1000 microm from the metal matrix. The total degree of polymerization of a composite specimen for any given curing time and curing light was determined by calculating the area under the hardness curve. Hardness values 150 microm from the metal matrix never reached maximum values and were generally lower than those 1000 microm from the matrix. The hardest composite was usually encountered between 200 microm and 1000 microm from the occlusal surface. For every composite-curing time combination, there was an increase in microhardness at the top of each increment (measurements at 500, 2500 and 4500 microm) and a decrease towards the bottom of each increment (measurements at 1500, 3500 and 5500 microm). Longer curing times were usually combined with harder composite samples. Spectrum TPH composite was the only composite showing a satisfactory degree of polymerization for all three curing times and both LCUs. Multiple linear regression showed that only the curing time (p < 0.001) and composite material (p < 0.001) had a significant association with the degree of polymerization. The degree of polymerization achieved by the LED LCU was not significantly different from that achieved by the halogen LCU (p = 0.54).
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative, Preventive and Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hasler
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zimmerli
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lussi
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008434:Matrix Bands; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D011108:Polymers; C420128:Spectrum composite resin; C467914:TPH spectrum; C121818:Tetric ceram