title: Assessing tobacco dependence: a guide to measure evaluation and selection.
abstract: Tobacco dependence is a key construct in tobacco research. This paper describes a construct validation approach to dependence assessment and describes key conceptual and psychometric criteria on which to evaluate putative measures of dependence. Five current dependence scales-the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.); the Cigarette Dependence Scale; the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale; and the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives-are examined with respect to these critical dimensions. Recommendations are made regarding the use of each measure.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin Medical School and Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA. mep@ctri.medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: Danielle E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000592:standards; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*