title: Pro-adrenomedullin to predict severity and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia [ISRCTN04176397].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pro-adrenomedullin (proADM) is helpful for individual risk assessment and outcome prediction in sepsis. A major cause of sepsis is community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The aim of this study was to investigate the value of proADM levels for severity assessment and outcome prediction in CAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 302 patients admitted to the emergency department with CAP were included in a prospective observational study. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein levels, leukocyte count, clinical variables and the pneumonia severity index (PSI) were measured. ProADM levels were measured with a new sandwich immunoassay for mid regional ProADM (MR-proADM, Brahms AG, Hennigsdorf/Berlin, Germany).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ProADM levels, in contrast to C-reactive protein and leukocyte count, increased with increasing severity of CAP, classified according to the PSI score (ANOVA, p < 0.001). In patients who died during follow-up, proADM levels on admission were significantly higher compared to levels in survivors (2.1 (1.5 to 3.0) versus 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) nmol/l, p < 0.001). In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for survival, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for proADM was 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.81), which was significantly higher compared to procalcitonin (p = 0.004), C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and total leukocyte count (p = 0.001) and similar to the AUC of the PSI (0.73, p = 0.54). A clinical model including the PSI and proADM increased the prognostic accuracy to predict failure compared to a model relying on the PSI alone (AUC, 0.77 (0.70 to 0.84), p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ProADM, as a novel biomarker, is a useful tool for the risk stratification of patients with CAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. christmj@bluewin.ch
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ-Crain
authors.forename: Nils G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: Daiana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bingisser
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harbarth
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamm
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struck
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D011506:Proteins; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011506:Proteins; C088633:proadrenomedullin; D053607:Adrenomedullin