title: Radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder replacement in females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More than 15 years ago, several centers started to offer urethra-sparing cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion for female patients with bladder malignancies. Several studies have been published, outlining both the anatomical and oncological aspects of such an approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this contribution, the main aspects regarding the surgical technique of cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion in female patients, including technical variations which have been derived over the years, are presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The video shows a detailed description of the surgical technique, and the main steps of the procedure are demonstrated in schematic drawings as well as in animations to facilitate understanding. Emphasis is given on important anatomical and physiological aspects, which have influenced the current surgical steps. Possible sequelae on oncological and functional outcome, which play an important role in the evaluation of this procedure, are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen, Germany. Udo.Nagele@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nagele
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuczyk
authors.forename: Aristotelis G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Anastasiadis
authors.forename: Karl-Dietrich
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seibold
authors.forename: Arnulf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stenzl
mesh_terms: D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000637:transplantation; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent; D014741:Video Recording