title: Cerebral blood flow velocity and periventricular white matter hyperintensities in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes increases the risk for cerebromicrovascular disease, possibly through its effects on blood flow regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of type 2 diabetes on blood flow velocities (BFVs) in the middle cerebral arteries and to determine the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and BFVs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured BFVs in 28 type 2 diabetic and 22 control subjects (aged 62.3 +/- 7.2 years) using transcranial Doppler ultrasound during baseline, hyperventilation, and CO(2) rebreathing. WMHs were graded, and their volume was quantified from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images on a 3.0 Tesla MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diabetic group demonstrated decreased mean BFVs and increased cerebrovascular resistance during baseline, hypo- and hypercapnia (P < 0.0001), and impaired CO(2) reactivity (P = 0.05). WMH volume was negatively correlated with baseline BFV (P < 0.0001). A regression model revealed that baseline BFVs were negatively associated with periventricular WMHs, HbA(1c) (A1C), and inflammatory markers and positively associated with systolic blood pressure (R(2) = 0.86, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microvascular disease in type 2 diabetes, which manifests as white matter abnormalities on MRI, is associated with reduced cerebral BFVs, increased resistance in middle cerebral arteries, and inflammation. These findings are clinically relevant as a potential mechanism for cerebrovascular disease in elderly with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, USA. vnovak@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Last
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Alsop
authors.forename: Amir M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abduljalil
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lepicovsky
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cavallerano
authors.forename: Lewis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lipsitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial