title: Neurokinin-1 receptor blockade and murine lung tumorigenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analogous to the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the colon, it has been proposed that adenocarcinoma (AC) in the lung arises from adenomatous hyperplasia that progresses through atypical adenomatous hyperplasia to AC. However, the data supporting this sequence are largely circumstantial and the almost impossible task of identifying these lesions before resection rules out any longitudinal study in humans.
  We show in mice that the loss of function of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R)-due to either a pharmacologic or genetic manipulation-results in a sequence of morphologic changes in response to bleomycin treatment that precede the development of AC. We also demonstrate that a series of alterations in gene expression of proliferation markers (i.e., PCNA and Ki-67) and cell cycle regulators (i.e., FHIT, p53, and p21) characterizes the sequence of the precursor lesions. The loss of function of the NK-1R results in changes of the apoptotic rate and in a delay of DNA break recovery of alveolar epithelial cells following bleomycin treatment. The NK-1R blockade interferes with a caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis by affecting both the translocation of Nur77 into the cytoplasm and the expression of some important Bcl2 family members such as Bcl2 and Bak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first model to demonstrate a role for NK-1R in lung epithelial cell death and tumorigenesis. This animal model may provide new information on the biology of AC and will facilitate designing and testing of new therapeutic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiopathology, Experimental Medicine, and Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lucattelli
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fineschi
authors.forename: Pierangelo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geppetti
authors.forename: Norma P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Gerard
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lungarella
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D001761:Bleomycin; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases