title: Hot spot formation in the nuclear envelope of oocytes in response to steroids.
abstract: A Glucocorticoid-sensitive cell rapidly responds to hormone stimulation with bidirectional exchange of specific macromolecules between cytosol and nucleus. Glucocorticoid-initiated macromolecules (GIMs) must overcome the nuclear envelope (NE) to enter or leave the nucleus. GIM translocation occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) that span the NE. We investigated the question whether transport of GIMs through NPCs occurs random or involves selected groups of NPCs (hot spots). Glucocorticoid receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and GIM transport was activated by triamcinolone acetonide, a potent synthetic glucocorticoid analogon. Glucocorticoid receptors associated with the NE and the chromatin were identified using western blot analysis and, at single molecule level, atomic force microscopy. Fluorescence-labeled dextran was used to describe passive NE permeability. We observed that after hormone injection (i) small GIMs, most likely GRs, localize within seconds on both sides of the NE. (ii) large GIMs, most likely ribonucleoproteins, localize within minutes on NPCs at the nucleoplasmic side (iii) both small and large GIMs accumulate on selected NPC clusters (iv) NE permeability transiently decreases when GIMs attach to NPCs. We conclude that GIM transport across the nuclear barrier does not randomly take place but is carried out by a selected population of NPCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Germany. yvonneludwig@gmx.net
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schafer
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albermann
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oberleithner
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shahin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D022022:Nuclear Pore / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010539:Permeability; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D013256:Steroids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide