title: Hearts with concordant ventriculoarterial connections but parallel arterial trunks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the characteristic morphological features of hearts with concordant ventriculoarterial connections and parallel arterial trunks, and to provide unequivocally a method to describe their anatomy. DESIGN, METHODS AND PATIENTS: The entire cardiac database and cardiac pathological archive at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, was interrogated to identify all patients with concordant ventriculoarterial connections and parallel arterial trunks. The clinical records, autopsy reports and actual cardiac specimens of those who underwent autopsy, were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  8 cases meeting our criteria were identified. The infundibular anatomy was variable, including four hearts with bilateral infundibulums, three with subpulmonary infundibulums and one with bilaterally absent infundibulums. Considerable variability was also found in the type of atrial arrangement, along with the morphology of the atrioventricular junctions. The most common findings were the usual atrial arrangement (n = 5), left juxtaposition of the right atrial appendages (n = 3), an atrial septal defect (n = 6), univentricular atrioventricular connection (n = 5), ventricular septal defect (n = 8) and pulmonary obstruction (n = 4). In addition, five specimens had either a single coronary artery or two coronary arteries arising from the anticipated right coronary aortic sinus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concordant ventriculoarterial connections with parallel arterial trunks can be found in a variety of segmental combinations. An accurate diagnosis of these rare hearts can be achieved by detailed analysis of not only the ventriculoarterial connections but also the infundibular anatomy and the spatial relationship of the arterial trunks. Particular attention to the coronary arteries is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X7, Canada. tiscar.cavalle-garrido@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cavalle-Garrido
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000473:pathology*