title: Laparoscopic cardiomyotomy for achalasia: long-term outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the laparoscopic approach to oesophageal myotomy for achalasia is associated with reduced early postoperative morbidity compared with the open approach, most published reports describe relatively short-term follow up. For this reason, in a prospective cohort study, we determined the longer-term outcome for patients with uncomplicated achalasia who underwent a laparoscopic myotomy. In addition, we sought to identify preoperative factors predicting a good postoperative outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome for 167 patients who underwent a laparoscopic cardiomyotomy and anterior partial fundoplication at one of two teaching hospitals was determined. All patients underwent preoperative assessment with a contrast swallow radiology, gastroscopy and oesophageal manometry. Patients also underwent objective symptom evaluation before and after surgery using various outcome scales to determine dysphagia, reflux symptoms, side-effects and overall satisfaction with the clinical outcomes. Patients were followed prospectively at yearly time points and data were managed on a computerized database. Postoperative objective investigations were undertaken if clinically indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median operating time was 78 min (range, 30-210 min). Most patients left the hospital within 72 h of surgery. Surgery was associated with a 5% complication rate and a 4% rate of conversion to open surgery. Five per cent of patients required a subsequent intervention during follow up. Over longer-term follow up (5 years or longer), 77% of patients had either no or minimal symptoms. At 1, 3 and 5 years, 96, 93 and 97% of patients indicated that they thought that they had made the correct decision to undergo surgery, although men consistently fared worse on their reported dysphagia outcome across a range of measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic myotomy with anterior partial fundoplication achieves a good outcome for patients undergoing treatment of achalasia. Male patients do not perceive their outcome to be optimal in comparison with females but in the long term, they do not regret proceeding.
authors.affiliation: Flinders University Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia. jbessell@gisurgery.net
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bessell
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lally
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schloithe
authors.forename: Glyn G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Devitt
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002299:Cardia / Q000601:surgery*; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome