title: Delivery of calcium hydroxide: comparison of four filling techniques.
abstract: This study compared the weight and radiographic appearance of Ca(OH)(2) delivered into standardized, minimally and fully prepared canals using (a) an injection system, (b) an endodontic Flex-O file rotated counter-clockwise, (c) a lentulo spiral, and (d) a .04 rotary NiTi file rotated in reverse. Two extracted human second mandibular premolars with single canals were prepared to an MAF #25 or an MAF #40. A weight measurement and radiograph were made for each filling. Three independent examiners evaluated the radiographs. Regardless of technique, only about 45% of the optimal weight of Ca(OH)(2) was delivered into the minimally prepared canal. Radiographically the filling quality was only 1 to 2 (10 scale). In contrast, all delivery techniques delivered near optimal weight of Ca(OH)(2) in the completely prepared canal with a radiographic filling quality of 8.8 to 9.3. The results indicate that complete instrumentation is needed to obtain near optimal delivery of Ca(OH)(2).
authors.affiliation: I. B. Bender Division of Endodontics, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Simcock
authors.forename: M Lamar
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide