title: The emerging role of arsenic trioxide as an immunomodulatory agent in the management of multiple myeloma.
abstract: Multiple myeloma is a clonal disorder of plasma cells which is considered incurable with currently available therapies. Substantial advances have been achieved in the past decade with the identification of cellular mechanisms that confer drug resistance. This has resulted in newer agents such as arsenic trioxide (Trisenoxt), lenalidomide (Revlimid) and bortezomib (Velcade) with promising activity in this disease. In this review article we will outline the history, mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and clinical trials of arsenic trioxide in multiple myeloma.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Multiple Myeloma Multidisciplinary Clinical Research Program, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. kalmads@ccf.org
authors.forename: Sujith R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kalmadi
authors.forename: Mohamad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussein
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000266:history / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000266:history / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000266:history / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000266:history / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D001897:Boronic Acids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010087:Oxides; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide