title: Comparative evaluation of simian, simian-human, and human immunodeficiency virus infections in the pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model.
abstract: The global impact of HIV/AIDS intensifies the need for a preventive vaccine and nonhuman primate models can help provide critical insights into effective immunity. Pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) are increasingly studied as a nonhuman primate model for AIDS. We compared the virologic and immunologic characteristics of HIV-1, SIV, and SHIV infection of naive pigtail macaques across a series of preclinical HIV vaccine studies. SIVmac251 and SIVmac239 infection of naive pigtail macaques resulted in a gradual decline in peripheral CD4+ T cells in the setting of high levels of viremia, approximating most closely human infection of HIV-1. In contrast, the CXCR4-utilizing SHIVmn229 virus resulted in rapid depletion of CD4+ T cells and minimal generation of humoral or cellular immune responses, similar to that observed with SHIV89.6P infection of rhesus macaques. Infection with the CCR5-utilizing, rhesus macaque passaged, SHIVSF162P3 resulted in some overall CD4+ T cell decline, however, three of eight macaques naturally control SHIVSF162P3 viremia to very low levels in the setting of robust adaptive immunity. Despite attempts at infecting pigtail macaques with HIV-1 strains passaged in juvenile pigtail macaques in vivo or in PBMC isolated from pigtail macaques in vitro, only lower nonsustained levels of viral replication were observed. Our results provide a series of virologic models with which to evaluate potential AIDS vaccines in pigtail macaques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: C Jane
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Batten
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Rose
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Agy
authors.forename: Socheata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chea
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stratov
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies