title: Mobile phone emissions and human brain excitability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test-via Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)-the excitability of each brain hemisphere after 'real' or 'sham' exposure to the electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by a mobile phone operating in the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male volunteers attended two experimental sessions, one week apart, in a cross-over, double-blind paradigm. In one session the signal was turned ON (EMF-on, real exposure), in the other it was turned OFF (EMF-off, sham exposure), for 45 minutes. Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) were recorded using a paired-pulse paradigm (testing intracortical excitability with 1 to 17 ms interstimulus intervals), both before and at different times after exposure to the EMF. Short Intracortical Inhibition (SICI) and Facilitation (ICF) curves were evaluated both on the exposed and non-exposed hemispheres. Tympanic temperature was collected during each session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intracortical excitability curve becomes significantly modified during real exposure, with SICI being reduced and ICF enhanced in the acutely exposed brain hemisphere as compared to the contralateral, non-exposed hemisphere or to sham exposure. Tympanic temperature showed no significant main effect or interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that GSM-EMFs modify brain excitability. Possible implications and applications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Campus Biomedico, Isola Tiberina.
authors.forename: Florinda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreri
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curcio
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasqualetti
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Gennaro
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: Paolo Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Rossini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D040421:Cell Phone; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation