title: Clinical characteristics of bilateral Duane syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical characteristics of bilateral Duane syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review (1982 to 2003) for patients with a diagnosis of Duane syndrome (examined by a pediatric ophthalmologist) who were bilaterally affected and had no prior ocular surgery. Data collected included type of Duane syndrome, gender, family history for strabismus, abnormal head position, versions, strabismus measurements, associated ocular and/or nonocular abnormalities, and amblyopia status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 270 patients with the diagnosis of Duane syndrome, 37 (14%) were bilaterally affected. None had ocular surgery prior to referral. Twenty-two (59%) were male, 35 (95%) had the same Duane syndrome type in both eyes, 29 (78%) had strabismus in primary position, 9 (24%) had ocular and nonocular congenital abnormalities, 6 (16%) had amblyopia, and 8 (22%) had a recorded strabismus family history.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike unilateral Duane syndrome, bilateral Duane syndrome may be more common in males and associated with a higher prevalence of strabismus in primary gaze position. The prevalences of amblyopia, positive strabismus family history, and associated congenital abnormalities in this series of bilateral cases is similar to the reported prevalence.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. arif.khan@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Arif O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oystreck
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015348:Vision, Binocular