title: Multiplier method for predicting adult foot length.
abstract: Lower and upper limb lengths and total height can be predicted by the multiplier method. The multiplier is a coefficient that corresponds to each age and gender. The coefficient for any age can be multiplied by the length at that age to give the length at skeletal maturity. Our purpose was to calculate foot length multipliers and determine whether they are independent of percentile, much like the multipliers for lower and upper limb lengths and total height. Foot length multipliers were calculated from 3 separate previously published databases of foot length in children. The multipliers were calculated by dividing foot length at maturity by foot length at each respective age for each percentile and for both genders. The multiplier values for each percentile group at each age were found to be relatively equivalent, with little variability (as was found for the validated multipliers for lower limb length and total height). Also, little variability was found among multipliers calculated from different databases. In addition, we compared foot length multipliers with lower limb, upper limb, and total height multipliers. Compared with lower limb (tibial and femoral) multipliers, the foot length multipliers were significantly different because the foot achieves a higher percentage of maturity length earlier than does the femur or tibia. Because prediction of limb length and limb length discrepancy can be achieved accurately by using the lower limb multiplier, it is also likely that the foot length multiplier can be used to predict foot length and foot length discrepancy at maturity.
authors.affiliation: Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopaedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, MD 21215, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lamm
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paley
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kurland
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Matz
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Herzenberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000254:growth & development; D005528:Foot / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D013977:Tibia / Q000254:growth & development