title: Comparative analysis of 99mTc-depreotide and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC thorax scintigrams acquired for the purpose of differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aiming at comparison of diagnostic efficacy of 2 radiopharmaceuticals: 99mTc-depreotide (Neospect, Amersham) and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-Tyr3-octreotide (Tektrotyd, Polatom), in differentiation between malignant and benign etiology of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), radionuclide studies with 2 radiotracers were performed in 18 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  For both radiopharmaceuticals the same acquisition and processing protocols were applied. Studies were acquired with SPECT technique, after administration of 740 MBq of activity. Scintigrams were assessed visually, as: positive (+), equivocal (+/-) and negative (-). Additionally, uptake intensity of both radiotracers in nodules was assessed semiquantitatively, using a tumour-to-background ratio. Verification of scintigraphic results was based in 14 cases upon a pathological examination of tumour samples (histopathology) and in the remaining 4 - on clinical observation and bacteriological studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normal scintigrams obtained with both radiopharmaceuticals differed significantly. 99mTc-depreotide was markedly accumulated in spine, sternum, ribs and lungs (mean lung/heart ratio = 2.2). This accumulation was not observed on 99mTc- -EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigrams (mean lung/heart ratio = 0.7). In 6 patients a malignant etiology--lung cancer--was revealed (5--adenocarcinoma, 1--squamous cell) and the other 12 cases turned out to be benign (4 hamartomas, 3 tuberculomas, a tuberculous infiltrate, an alien body with inflammatory reaction, a hyperplasia of lymphatic tissue and 2 cases of unknown etiology, from which one had a stable size and the other resolved during a 6 month observation period). In all 6 cases of lung cancer positive results were obtained with both tracers. Moreover, in 2 patients metastases in mediastinum could be observed on scintigrams obtained with both radiopharmaceuticals. From among 12 cases of benign etiology 6 99mTc-depreotide scintigrams were true negative, 1--equivocal and 5--false positive, whereas 6 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigrams were true negative, 4--equivocal and 2 false positive. Moreover, 99mTc-depreotide additionally revealed mediastinal and hilar lesions in 9 patients with benign lesions and 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC - in 8. A visual comparison of scintigrams revealed a higher quality of 99mTc-Depreotide images in comparison with 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC ones. 99mTc-Depreotide showed a higher than 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC accumulation in lung tumours compared with blood pool (heart) - 4.5 (s.d. 1.05) and 1.8 (s.d. 0.29), respectively (p < 0.05). However, mean values of tumour-to-lung-background ratio were equal for both radiotracers (2.2 in malignant and 1.4 in benign lesions, respectively). A statistically significantly higher non-uniformity of counts inside lung background regions was found on 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC scintigrams than on 99mTc-depreotide ones (16.4% vs. 11.4%; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although both radiopharmaceuticals show similar diagnostic efficacy in differentiation of SPNs, a tendency toward a higher number of false positive results on 99mTc-depreotide scintigrams probably leads to a lower specificity. Better statistical quality of 99mTc-depreotide scintigrams facilitates their interpretation and a distinct outline of lungs simplify localization of lesions. A substantial number of false positive lesions in mediastinal and hilar regions in patients without a neoplastic process hamper the usefulness of both radiotracers for effective detection of lung cancer metastases to lymph nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University, Lodz, Poland. anna@csk.umed.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Płachcińska
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mikołajczak
authors.forename: Józef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rzeszutek
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuśmierek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015282:Octreotide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D013909:Thorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C410263:technetium Tc 99m hydrazinonicotinyl-Tyr(3)-octreotide; D013004:Somatostatin; C026058:EDDA; D004492:Edetic Acid; C444119:technetium Tc 99m depreotide; D015282:Octreotide