Somatostatin and its receptors in the development of the endocrine pancreas.
The development of the endocrine pancreas is regulated by numerous transcription and growth factors. Somatostatin (SST) is present in many tissues and acts as a neurotransmitter and autocrine/paracrine/endocrine regulator in response to ions, nutrients, peptides, and hormones as well as neurotransmitters. In the pancreas, there is evidence that SST acts an inhibitory paracrine regulator of hormone secretion. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are a family of 5 transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, which are widely expressed in mammals including humans. SSTRs regulate multiple downstream signal transduction pathways that mediate inhibitory effects. These receptors also exhibit age- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Interactions of SST and SSTRs are not only important during normal pancreas development, but have also been implicated in many pancreatic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer. In this review article, we use evidence from recently published animal studies to present the critical roles of SST and SSTRs proteins in the development of the endocrine pancreas.
Ballian
Nikiforos
N
The Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Brunicardi
F Charles
FC
Wang
Xiao-Ping
XP
D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D038081:Organogenesis; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D014157:Transcription Factors; C101130:somatostatin receptor type 1; D013004:Somatostatin; C094573:somatostatin receptor 5; C093733:somatostatin receptor 2