title: Impact of permanent supportive housing on the use of acute care health services by homeless adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This analysis examined the impact of permanent supportive housing on the use of acute care public health services by homeless people with mental illness, substance use disorder, and other disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 236 single adults who entered supportive housing at two San Francisco sites, Canon Kip Community House and the Lyric Hotel, between October 10, 1994, and June 30, 1998. Eighty percent had a diagnosis of dual psychiatric and substance use disorders. Administrative data from the city's public health system were used to construct a retrospective, longitudinal history of service use. Analyses compared service use during the two years before entry into supportive housing with service use during the two years after entry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one percent of residents remained in permanent supportive housing for at least one year. Housing placement significantly reduced the percentage of residents with an emergency department visit (53 to 37 percent), the average number of visits per person (1.94 to .86), and the total number of emergency department visits (56 percent decrease, from 457 to 202) for the sample as a whole. For hospitalizations, permanent supportive housing placement significantly reduced the likelihood of being hospitalized (19 to 11 percent) and the mean number of admissions per person (.34 to .19 admissions per resident).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing permanent supportive housing to homeless people with psychiatric and substance use disorders reduced their use of costly hospital emergency department and inpatient services, which are publicly provided.
authors.affiliation: Goldman School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. tia.martinez@bridgespan.org
authors.forename: Tia E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Martha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Burt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000191:economics; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011638:Public Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012495:San Francisco; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data