title: Bone morphogenetic protein-4 control of pituitary pathophysiology.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), a member of the transforming growth factor-Beta(TGF-Beta) family, is overexpressed in different prolactinoma models and induces the development of these lineage adenomas. SMAD proteins activated by growth factors of the TGF-Beta and BMP family interact with estrogen receptors to stimulate the proliferation of prolactin and growth hormone-secreting cells. Furthermore, BMP-4 presents differential expression in normal and adenomatous corticotropes and inhibitory action on corticotropinoma cell proliferation. Moreover, BMP-4 mediates the antiproliferative action of retinoic acid in these cells. The present review highlights not only the crucial and opposite role of BMP-4 in the progression of pituitary adenomas but also that BMP-4 and retinoic acid interaction might serve as a potential new mechanism target for therapeutic approaches for Cushing disease.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Damiana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Páez-Pereda
authors.forename: Marily
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulou
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerez
authors.forename: Alberto Carbia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chervin
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Labeur
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Refojo
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: Günter K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stalla
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arzt
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C525809:BMP4 protein, human; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone