title: Immunobiosensor detection of domoic acid as a screening test in bivalve molluscs: comparison with liquid chromatography-based analysis.
abstract: A rapid and sensitive immuno-based screening method was developed to detect domoic acid (DA) present in extracts of shellfish species using a surface plasmon resonance-based optical biosensor. A rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against DA was mixed with standard or sample extracts and allowed to interact with DA immobilized onto a sensor chip surface. The characterization of the antibody strongly suggested high cross-reactivity with DA and important isomers of the toxin. The binding of this antibody to the sensor chip surface was inhibited in the presence of DA in either standard solutions or sample extracts. The DA chip surface proved to be highly stable, achieving approximately 800 analyses per chip without any loss of surface activity. A single analytical cycle (sample injection, chip regeneration, and system wash) took 10 min to complete. Sample analysis (scallops, mussels, cockles, oysters) was achieved by simple extraction with methanol. These extracts were then filtered and diluted before analysis. Detection limits in the ng/g range were achieved by the assay; however, the assay parameters chosen allowed the test to be performed most accurately at the European Union's official action limit for DA of 20 microg/g. At this concentration, intra- and interassay variations were measured for a range of shellfish species and ranged from 4.5 to 7.4% and 2.3 to 9.7%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Rd, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, United Kingdom. imelda.traynor@afbini.gov.uk
authors.forename: Imelda M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plumpton
authors.forename: Terence L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Fodey
authors.forename: Cowan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D000432:Methanol / Q000032:analysis; D008974:Mollusca; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; C012301:domoic acid; D007608:Kainic Acid; D000432:Methanol