title: Therapeutic effects of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract on the changes associated with collagen and glycosaminoglycan metabolism in adjuvant arthritic Wistar rats.
abstract: The effect of milk extract of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract (SA) was studied to gain some insight into this intriguing disease with reference to collagen metabolism. Arthritis was induced in rats by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant containing 10mg of heat killed mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1 ml paraffin oil (0.1 ml) into the left hind paw of the rat intradermally. After 14 days of induction, SA (150 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally by gastric intubations for 14 days. Decreased levels of collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) components (chondroitin sulphate, heparan sulphate, hyaluronic acid) and increase in the levels of connective tissue degrading lysosomal glycohydrolases such as acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase and cathepsin-D observed in arthritic animals were reverted back to near normal levels upon treatment with SA. The drug effectively regulated the uriniray markers of collagen metabolism namely hexosamine, hexuronic acid, hydroxyproline and total GAGS. Electron microscopic studies also revealed the protective effect of SA. Hence, it can be suggested that SA very effectively regulate the collagen metabolism that derange during arthritic condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India.
authors.forename: Vanu Ramkumar
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Ramprasath
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India.
authors.forename: Palanivelu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shanthi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. A.L. Mudaliar Post-Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, India. Electronic address: psachdanandam2000@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Panchanatham
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sachdanandam
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism*; D005121:Extremities / Q000473:pathology; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D031023:Semecarpus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003094:Collagen