title: Optimizing a canine survival model of orthotopic lung transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While acute models of orthotopic lung transplantation have been described in dogs, the technical considerations of developing a survival model in this species have not been elaborated. Herein, we describe optimization of a canine survival model of orthotopic lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protocols of orthotopic left lung transplantation and single lung ventilation were established in acute experiments (n=9). Four dogs, serving as controls, received autologous, orthotopic lung transplants. Allogeneic transplants were performed in 16 DLA-identical and 16 DLA-mismatched unrelated recipient dogs. Selective right lung ventilation was utilized in all animals. A Malecot tube was left in the pleural space connected to a Heimlich valve for up to 24 hours. To date, animals have been followed up to 24 months by chest radiography, pulmonary function tests, bronchoscopy with lavage, and open biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term survival was achieved in 34/36 animals. Two recipients died intraoperatively secondary to cardiac arrest. All animals were extubated on the operating table, and in all cases the chest tube was removed within 24 hours. Major complications included thrombosis of the pulmonary artery and subcritical stenosis of bronchial anastamosis. One recipient underwent successful treatment of a small bowel intussusception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report our experience in developing a survival canine model of orthotopic single lung transplantation. While short-term survival following canine lung transplantation is achievable, we report particular considerations that facilitate animal comfort, early extubation, and lung reexpansion in the immediate postoperative period, further optimizing use of this species for experimental modeling of long-term complications after lung transplantation.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington Medical Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA. afarivar@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Farivar
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yunusov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Madtes
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kuhr
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mulligan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000662:veterinary; D023421:Models, Animal; D013997:Time Factors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000379:methods; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous