title: Human Ly9 (CD229) as novel tumor-associated antigen (TAA) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) recognized by autologous CD8+ T cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CD229, a cell-surface molecule being involved in cell adhesion, is overexpressed in B-CLL cells. In this study we wanted to explore whether CD229 might function as B-CLL-specific tumor-associated antigen (TAA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous, CD229-specific HLA-A2-restricted T cells were identified using IFN-gamma-ELISPOT assays and HLA-A2/dimer-peptide staining after 4 weeks of in vitro culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to expand autologous T cells from 9/11 B-CLL patients using native B-CLL cells as antigen presenting cells (APCs) in 5 cases, whereas for 4 samples an autologous T-cell response could only be evoked by use of CD40L-stimulated B-CLL cells as APCs. The number of CD8+ T cells could be expanded during 4 weeks of in vitro culture with native or CD40L-activated B-CLL cells while the amount of specific T cells recognizing CD229 peptides bound to HLA-A2 dimers increased on average 12-fold (native CLL) and 13-fold (CD40L-activated CLL), respectively. Using IFN-gamma-ELISPOT assays we could demonstrate that the expanded T cells were able to secrete IFN-gamma upon recognition of the antigen. These T cells not only recognized HLA-A0201-binding CD229-derived peptides presented by T2 cells, but also CD229-overexpressing autologous B-CLL cells in an MHC-I-restricted manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, CD229 was shown to be naturally processed and presented as TAA in primary B-CLL cells, enabling the expansion of autologous tumor-specific T cells.
authors.affiliation: KKG Gene Therapy, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bund
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kofler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallek
authors.forename: Clemens-Martin
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wendtner
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C430423:LY9 protein, human; D000071176:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family