title: Biomechanical response of the human clavicle subjected to dynamic bending.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the biomechanical response of human clavicles when subjected to dynamic three-point bending. A total of 10 human cadaver clavicles were tested at an anatomical impact of 0 degrees relative to the transverse plane. Each clavicle was instrumented with a strain gage located under the impactor. Two load cells were used to capture the impactor and reaction loads. The average failure load was 732 +/- 175 N and the average failure moment was 28.3 +/- 7.8 m. The average failure strain was 19738 +/- 2927 microstrain. Using the cross-sectional geometry properties of each bone obtained from CT scans and the strain gage data, the average elastic modulus was 20.8 +/- 5.7 GPa for the linear region of the loading phase. The data presented in this paper is useful to understand clavicle fractures as well as to develop advanced human computational models.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Tech - Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stitzel
authors.forename: Clay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gabler
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duma
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D002968:Clavicle / Q000502:physiology*; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000502:physiology; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012622:Seat Belts; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*