title: A clinico-aetiological and ultrasonographic study of Peyronie's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peyronie's disease is a localised connective tissue disorder that involves the tunica albuginea of the penis. Although long recognised as an important clinical entity of the male genitalia, the aetiology of this disease has remained poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The epidemiology and clinical presentation of Peyronie's disease during a 10-year period was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two men with Peyronie's disease from Chandigarh, India were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence of Peyronie's patients was 1.97/1000 patients. Their ages ranged from 23 to 70 years. Most of them presented during the early phase of the disease. The most common presenting complaint was penile curvature in 34 (80.95%) followed by pain on erection in 28 (66.66%). History of penile trauma was revealed by four (9.52%) patients. Among the risk factors, hypercholesterolemia (60%), hypertension (33.3%) and asymptomatic hyperuricemia (28.34%) were the most common. Twenty-two patients with Peyronie's disease were studied by ultrasonography. Ultrasonogram was more accurate than clinical assessment in delineating the extent of lesions. In one-third of the patients, sonography demonstrated the plaques to be more extensive than had been detected by clinical examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical symptoms and signs in our study were, in general, similar to those found in the previous studies. Higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes in patients with Peyronie's disease may also be to an extent due to patients being in an older age group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. kumarbhushan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bhushan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narang
authors.forename: Somesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Madhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010411:Penile Induration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010413:Penis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography