title: Less morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy of patients with pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pancreaticoduodenectomy with extended resection has been frequently performed in patients with pancreatic cancer in Japan. One result of this additional surgical stress may be that postoperative complications in patients with pancreatic cancer are more frequent than in patients with periampullary cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 198 patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The operative mortality and morbidity between patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer were compared, and the risk factors of postoperative complications and in-hospital death were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer made up 52% and 48% of total patients. The duration of surgery and volume of intraoperative blood loss were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic cancer than in patients with periampullary cancer. Additional organ resections were frequently performed in patients with pancreatic cancer. However, significantly lower morbidity rates were observed in patients with pancreatic cancer. Among all complications evaluated, pancreatic fistula and abdominal abscess were found less frequently in patients with pancreatic cancer. Logistic regression analyses showed a positive correlation between periampullary cancer and an increased risk of complications, pancreatic fistula, and abdominal abscess. The in-hospital mortality rate has significantly reduced since 2000. When pancreatic fistula was clinically diagnosed, we immediately started a closed lavage using continuous administration of natural saline at 1000 to 4000 mL/d, after exchange of a nasogastric tube drain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreaticoduodenectomy for patients with pancreatic cancer can be a safe procedure in spite of surgical stress. Further surgical strategies will be needed to reduce postoperative complications, especially in patients with periampullary cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan. satoi@hirakata.kmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoi
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Naoyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terakawa
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Jyunichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagimoto
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyokawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: A-Hon
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
mesh_terms: D018784:Abdominal Abscess / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014670:Ampulla of Vater; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors