title: On the bias in HI titers and how to reduce it.
abstract: HI titers measure anti-HA antibody concentrations in sera. By the way they are defined standard titers underestimate the true amounts of antibody. A new definition is proposed, the mid-value definition. Under mild conditions mid-value titers are on average closer to the true value than standard titers.
authors.affiliation: Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Clinical Development Influenza Vaccines, P.O. Box 900, 1380 DA Weesp, The Netherlands. jos.nauta@solvay.com
authors.forename: Jozef J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Nauta
authors.forename: Iris A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: de Bruijn
mesh_terms: D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines