title: Antiplatelet effect of sanguinarine is correlated to calcium mobilization, thromboxane and cAMP production.
abstract: Sanguinarine is a plant alkaloid present in the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and Poppy fumaria species. Sanguinarine has been used as an antiseptic mouth rinse and a toothpaste additive to reduce dental plaque and gingival inflammation. In this study, we investigated the antiplatelet effects of sanguinarine, aiming to extend its potential pharmacological applications. Sanguinarine inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen, U46619 and sub-threshold concentration of thrombin (0.05 U/ml) with IC(50) concentrations of 8.3, 7.7, 8.6 and 4.4 microM, respectively. Sanguinarine (5-10 microM) inhibited 10-31% of platelet TXB(2) production, but not platelet aggregation induced by higher concentration of thrombin (0.1 U/ml). SQ29548, a thromboxane receptor antagonist, inhibited the AA-induced platelet aggregation but not TXB(2) production. Sanguinarine suppressed cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity (IC(50)=28 microM), whereas its effect on COX-2 activity was minimal. Sanguinarine (8, 10 microM) further inhibited the AA-induced Ca(2+) mobilization by 27-62%. In addition, SQ22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, attenuated the inhibitory effect of sanguinarine toward AA-induced platelet Ca(2+) mobilization and aggregation. These results suggest that sanguinarine is a potent antiplatelet agent, which activates adenylate cyclase, inhibits platelet Ca(2+) mobilization, TXB(2) production as well as suppresses COX-1 enzyme activity. Sanguinarine may have therapeutic potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to platelet aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiiang-Huei
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: Hui-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bor-Ru
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wan-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Hsiao-Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yuan-Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Po-Hsuen
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ying-Jan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Juo-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Jane
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mei-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D053119:Benzophenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D017482:Receptors, Thromboxane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007546:Isoquinolines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D017482:Receptors, Thromboxane; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D003094:Collagen; C005705:sanguinarine; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D013917:Thrombin; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium