title: Atypical anxiolytic-like response to naloxone in benzodiazepine-resistant 129S2/SvHsd mice: role of opioid receptor subtypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mice of many 129 substrains respond to environmental novelty with behavioural suppression and high levels of anxiety-like behaviour. Although resistant to conventional anxiolytics, this behavioural phenotype may involve stress-induced release of endogenous opioids.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of opioid receptor blockade on behavioural reactions to novelty stress in a chlordiazepoxide-resistant 129 substrain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiment 1 contrasted the effects of the broad-spectrum opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1.0-10.0 mg/kg) in C57BL/6JOlaHsd and 129S2/SvHsd mice exposed to the elevated plus-maze. Experiments 2-4 examined the responses of 129S2/SvHsd mice to the mu-selective opioid receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (2.5-10.0 mg/kg), the delta-selective antagonist naltrindole (2.5-10.0 mg/kg) and the kappa-selective antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (2.5-5.0 mg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  129 mice displayed higher levels of anxiety-like behaviour and lower levels of general exploration relative to their C57 counterparts. Although naloxone failed to alter the behaviour of C57 mice, both doses of this antagonist produced behaviourally selective reductions in open-arm avoidance in 129 mice. Surprisingly, none of the more selective opioid receptor antagonists replicated this effect of naloxone: beta-funaltrexamine was devoid of behavioural activity, naltrindole suppressed rearing (all doses) and increased immobility (10 mg/kg), while nor-binaltorphimine (5 mg/kg) nonspecifically increased percent open arm entries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent evidence suggests differential involvement of opioid receptor subtypes in the anxiolytic efficacy of diverse compounds including conventional benzodiazepines. The insensitivity of 129 mice to the anxiolytic action of chlordiazepoxide, coupled with their atypical anxiolytic response to naloxone (but not more selective opioid receptor antagonists), suggests an abnormality in anxiety-related neurocircuitry involving opioid-GABA interactions.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, r.j.rodgers@leeds.ac.uk.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Augar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berryman
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hansom
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tallett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000145:classification* / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D009270:Naloxone; C051844:norbinaltorphimine; D009271:Naltrexone; C055382:naltrindole