title: Establishing a prognosis for functional outcome during coma recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the most challenging tasks for clinicians caring for survivors of severe brain injury (BI) is establishing a prognosis, for long-term functional outcome, while the patient is unconscious. The objective of this article is to report findings regarding the prediction of functional outcomes 1-year after severe BI using data available when the patient is unconscious.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal prognostication study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons unconscious after severe BI who present to inpatient (IP) rehabilitation hospitals in the Midwestern US are enrolled in an ongoing study. Each subject is followed for 1-year and the final outcome interview includes approximately 70 questions; 32 of these questions are from the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART). A sample of 63 persons was abstracted from the study database to examine the predictability of 42 independent variables and 16 dichotomous outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of the 16 dichotomous outcomes were found to be significantly predictable (p < 0.05). These involve activity, participation, environment and quality of life outcomes. Ten predictors were found to be significant (p < 0.05): aetiology (Closed Head Injury vs. Other BI), presence of urinary tract infection (UTI), seizure, hypertension during IP rehabilitation, veteran benefit eligibility, health insurance, marital status at injury, whether or not recovery of consciousness occurred within 1 year, the number of days between injury and admission to acute rehabilitation and the average length of IP rehabilitation stay. Eight of the 10 variables are available early after injury or when the patient is unconscious.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Research Service, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA. theresa.pape@va.gov
authors.forename: Theresa Louise-Bender
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guernon
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giobbie-Hurder
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blahnik
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D020207:Coma, Post-Head Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers