title: Ballistic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in prepubertal patients: a feasible option for ureteral stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of ballistic ureteroscopic lithotripsy in children with ureteral stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children under 14 years with ureteral stones were treated with ureteroscopy in a 5-year period in our institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three procedures were performed in 20 children. Mean surgical time, age and stone size were 31 min. (15 - 120 min.), 11 years. (4-13 years), 5.3 mm (3-10 mm) respectively. Three patients underwent two ballistic ureteroscopic lithotripsy each. There were 22 successful procedures (96%) and a 100% stone-free rate per patient. Complications (mucosal tear) occurred in 2 procedures (8%) without extravasation of contrast media on retrograde pyelogram and their follow-up was uneventful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ureteroscopic ballistic lithotripsy is a feasible option for ureteral stones in prepubertal patients, with high stone-free rate and few complications.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Hospital Assunçao, Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. paulo100urologia@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Paulo E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fuganti
authors.forename: Silvio R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Renato O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Porto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy