title: Historical and geographical aspects of the increasing perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane sulfonate contamination in human serum in Japan.
abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) have recently received attention due to their widespread contamination in the environment, as well as in wildlife and humans. We measured the PFOS and PFOA concentrations in historically recorded human serum samples at an age range between 20 and 59 years collected in Kyoto, 20 persons per each time point (n=100), and also the PFOS and PFOA concentrations in human serum samples at an age range between 20 and 59 years from 10 locations throughout Japan (n=200). The historical samples collected from 1983 to 1999 demonstrated that the PFOA concentrations in males and females from Kyoto have increased 4.4-fold and 4.3-fold at a rate of increase of 0.49 ng/ml/year and 0.42 ng/ml/year, respectively. In contrast, serum concentrations of PFOS reached a plateau in the late 1980s. There are also regional differences in both the PFOS and PFOA serum concentrations. The concentrations in serum [geometric mean (geometric standard deviation)] (ng/ml) in 2003-2004 ranged from 7.6(1.6) in the town of Matsuoka in Fukui prefecture to 27.8(1.6) in Kyoto city, and ranged from 2.3(1.5) in Matsuoka to 14.5(1.3) in Osaka city for PFOS and PFOA, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Norimitsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Chigusa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hachiya
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirosawa
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koda
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omae
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Katsunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Todoriki
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000097:blood*; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid