title: Effects of hesperetin on vessel structure formation in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the effects of hesperetin on vessel structure formation in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells with regard to whether hesperetin acts as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Some flavonoids enhance antioxidant systems while increasing oxidative stress in the body.
  
  
  METHODS
  After their differentiation into endothelial-like cells for 10 d, mES cells were treated with 1 to 100 muM of hesperetin for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hesperetin efficiently inhibited the formation of vessel-like tubular structures consisting of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1-immunoreactive cells and significantly (P < 0.05) increased the generation of reactive oxygen species in a concentration-dependent manner. Although glutathione (in its reduced and oxidized forms) in mES cells was not affected by hesperetin, the 8-iso-prostaglandin F2(alpha) content was decreased. In addition, cytotoxicity-induced hesperetin was not found; lactate dehydrogenase release and cell viability were determined as an index of cell damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, the present study shows that hesperetin inhibits vessel formation by pro-oxidant means and suggests its potential as an antiangiogenic agent.
authors.affiliation: Plant Resources Research Institute, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea. eunjeong@korea.ac.kr
authors.forename: Eun Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Gi Dae
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kew-Mahn
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chee
authors.forename: Gun-Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D006569:Hesperidin; D005978:Glutathione; C013015:hesperetin