title: The in vitro adsorption of cytokines by polymer-pyrolysed carbon.
abstract: This study investigated a range of phenol-formaldehyde-aniline-based pyrolysed carbon matrices and their component materials, for their ability to adsorb a range of inflammatory cytokines crucial to the progression of sepsis. The efficiency of adsorption of the target molecules from human plasma was assessed and compared to that of Adsorba 300C, a commercially available cellulose-coated activated charcoal. Results indicate that a number of the primary carbon/resin materials demonstrate efficient adsorption of the cytokines studied here (TNF, IL-6 and IL-8), comparable to other adsorbents under clinical investigation. Our findings also illustrate that these adsorbent capabilities are retained when the primary particles are combined to form a pyrolysed carbon matrix. This capability will enable the engineering of the carbon matrix porosity allowing a blend of carbonised particle combinations to be tailored for maximum adsorption of inflammatory cytokines. The present findings support further investigation of this carbon material as a combined carbon-based filtration/adsorbent device for direct blood purification.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Materials Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, Sussex BN2 4GJ, UK.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sandeman
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: J Graham
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mikhalovsky
authors.forename: Steve R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tennison
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.forename: Oleksandr P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kozynchenko
authors.forename: Hannah L H
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: John D S
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gaylor
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Courtney
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon