title: Interface parameters of impact-induced mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Commonly considered a continuum of injuries, diffuse brain injury (DBI) ranges from mild concussion to severe diffuse axonal injury. The lower end of the spectrum is generally referred to as mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). More severe forms of DBI have garnered extensive experimentation while these milder cases are considerably less explored. Recently, a new device was designed to generate DBI in the rodent using impact-induced angular acceleration. This device is modifiable so the entire spectrum of DBI can be investigated. Severity of DBI is critically dependent on magnitude of angular acceleration. A small animal surrogate like a rodent has a relatively small brain mass. This constraint poses a unique problem because the angular acceleration necessary for DBI is inversely related to brain mass. Prior experimentation estimated an angular acceleration of approximately 350 krad/s2 is necessary for the induction of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in the rodent. To induce these magnitudes of angular acceleration in a repeatable manner, the impacting interface must be critically analyzed. This investigation uses a mathematical model based on parameters of a previously developed experimental model to assess the impacting interface such that angular accelerations are sufficient to produce MTBI in the rodent.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fijalkowski
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ellingson
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Stemper
authors.forename: Narayan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoganandan
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gennarelli
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pintar
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats