title: Use of sentinel chickens to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning and disinfection procedures in noncommercial poultry operations infected with exotic Newcastle disease virus.
abstract: The use of sentinel chickens in establishing the negative status of commercial poultry flocks depopulated due to exotic Newcastle disease (END) is considered to be an economically beneficial process. However, the costs and benefits of using sentinel chickens in noncommercial operations are in question. The objective of this study was to use sentinel chickens to evaluate whether adequate cleaning and disinfection coupled with an appropriate time period without susceptible poultry species on the premises would eliminate END virus from a noncommercial poultry operation and preclude the need for placement of sentinels in previously infected operations before declaring them free of virus. Noncommercial poultry operations were selected from the 2002 to 2003 END outbreak database. Operations included in the study had one or more isolations of END virus (ENDV) from cloacal or oropharyngeal swabs of birds on the premises. A total of 546 birds were placed on 53 premises. All sentinel birds sampled after placements were negative by virus detection methods and serologic tests. Results of this study indicate that time and the application of appropriate cleaning and disinfection procedures will adequately mitigate the risk of viable virus persisting in noncommercial poultry operations. In the future, this information may eliminate the need for sentinel bird placement to ensure virus free status of premises before repopulation, thereby decreasing the costs of END eradication.
authors.affiliation: USDA Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McCluskey
authors.forename: Brandy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Hailu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinde
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hietala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000592:standards; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral