title: Visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance are important factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases are often associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and excessive visceral fat accumulation. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate the relationship between the severity of fatty liver and visceral fat accumulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, and (2) to investigate the relationships of fatty liver with biochemical data and insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-nine subjects (63 women) with fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography were enrolled. Subjects positive for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or autoimmune antibodies and those whose alcohol intake was over 20 g/day were excluded. The visceral fat area at the umbilical level and the liver-spleen ratio were evaluated by computed tomography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The severity of fatty liver evaluated by ultrasonography showed a significant positive relationship with the visceral fat area and waist circumstance (fatty liver severity: mild, 92.0 +/- 30.9 cm(2); moderate, 122.1 +/- 32.6 cm(2); severe, 161.0 +/- 48.4 cm(2); P < 0.0001). The visceral fat area and liver-spleen ratio were negatively correlated (r = -0.605, P < 0.0001). The severity of fatty liver showed strong positive relationships with serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, and insulin resistance. The severity of fatty liver was positively related to the visceral fat area in 49 nonobese subjects (body mass index <25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The severity of fatty liver was positively correlated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in both obese and nonobese subjects, suggesting that hepatic fat infiltration in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may be influenced by visceral fat accumulation regardless of body mass index.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Saga Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasutake
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwakiri
authors.forename: Akitaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hisatomi
authors.forename: Iwata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Kyousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014781:Viscera