title: Increased basal platelet activity, plasma adiponectin levels, and diabetes mellitus are associated with poor platelet responsiveness to in vitro effect of aspirin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aspirin is one of the most effective antiplatelet agents and is now commonly used to prevent vascular events. In some patients, however, recurrent vascular events have been demonstrated despite aspirin therapy. Our objective was to characterize individuals showing poor response to in vitro effect of aspirin, using PFA-100.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-eight healthy male subjects were analyzed. We assessed platelet function tests, including PFA-100, whole blood aggregation, and optical platelet aggregation. Also measured were hemostatic and other parameters including von Willebrand factor (VWF:Ag), VWF ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adiponectin. Poor responders were defined as having a collagen/epinephrine-induced closure time (CEPI-CT) under 250 s with PFA-100 when incubated with 10 microM aspirin, whereas good responders were defined as having a CEPI-CT of more than 250 s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PFA-100 tests revealed that 40 subjects (24%) were poor responders (PR) and 128 (76%) were good responders (GR). Poor responsiveness was significantly associated with (1) higher basal platelet activities in PFA-100, as well as in whole blood aggregation and aggregometer;(2) increased level of adiponectin (8.8+/-4.1 micro g/mL [PR] vs 7.3+/-2.9 micro g/mL [GR], p=0.010);and (3) the presence of diabetes mellitus (17.5% [PR] vs 4.7% [GR], p=0.009). Importantly, whereas 24% of the subjects showed insufficient inhibition in PFA-100 when incubated with 10 microM aspirin, almost all subjects showed maximum inhibition with 30 microM aspirin. These observations suggest that higher doses of aspirin might overcome aspirin resistance.
authors.affiliation: The Keio Daiichi Project on Genetics of Thrombosis, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ushida
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibano
authors.forename: Gentaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin