title: Laparoscopic extravesical transperitoneal approach for vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopy may have a place in the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. In this study, we present the results of laparoscopic extravesical transperitoneal treatment in 15 children (19 ureters) of vesicoureteral reflux.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2001 and February 2004, 15 children (11 with unilateral and 4 with bilateral vesicoureteral reflux) were treated with extravesical reimplantation (Lich- Gregoir technique) via a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach. The mean age was 48.2 months (range 12-62), and there were 14 females and 1 male. Two patients had a double total collector system associated with reflux without ureterocele.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean surgical time was 110 minutes in unilateral and 180 in bilateral vesicoureteral reflux. All procedures were successfully completed laparoscopically and the reflux was corrected in all but one patient, whose grade III vesicoureteral reflux changed to grade I. We had 3 mucosal perforations without leakage. The longest hospital stay was 72 hours. After follow-up ranging 15-49 months, only one patient had urinary tract infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic extravesical transperitoneal reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux is a safe and effective approach even in bilateral simultaneous and duplex ureters, with success rates similar to the open technique, and a dramatic reduction in postoperative stay. Mucosal perforation was treated by maintaining a Foley catheter for 3-4 days postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Christus Muguerza Hospital, Monterrey, NL, Mexico. cima_riquelme@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riquelme
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000601:surgery*