title: Genetic variation of NSP1 and NSP4 genes among serotype G9 rotaviruses causing hospitalization of children in Melbourne, Australia, 1997-2002.
abstract: Serotype G9 rotaviruses have emerged as one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in children worldwide. We examined 29 representative G9 rotavirus isolates from a 6-year collection (1997-2002) and determined the level of variation in genes encoding non-structural proteins, NSP1 and NSP4. Northern hybridization analysis with a whole genome probe derived from the prototype G9 strain, F45, revealed that the NSP1 gene (gene 5) of two isolates (R1 and R14) did not exhibit significant homology. Complementary DNA probes of R1 and R14 genes 5 were used in Northern blot hybridization and indicated the presence of at least two gene 5 alleles among Melbourne G9 rotaviruses. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that isolates carrying the R14 gene 5 shared 94-98% sequence identities with one another, while sequence identity to R1 was 78%. Surprisingly, R1 displayed 96% nucleotide identity with the prototype serotype G1 strain, Wa. The detection of different alleles of NSP1 genes prompted us to investigate the level of variation in another non-structural protein, NSP4, a multifunctional protein and the first viral-encoded enterotoxin. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that while all isolates clustered into one group containing the Wa NSP4 allele (genotype 1), isolate R1 was most closely related to Wa. This study reveals new information about the diversity of non-structural proteins of G9 rotaviruses.
authors.affiliation: Environment and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Carl D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Mrinal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhave
authors.forename: Enzo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Palombo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000235:genetics*; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; C081369:NS28 protein, rotavirus; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C104282:nsp1 protein, Rotavirus