title: Quadrantectomy and nipple saving mastectomy in treatment of early breast cancer: feasibility and aesthetic results of adjunctive latissmus dorsi breast reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast conserving surgery has been a recognised method of treatment of early breast cancer. The treatment methods include quadrantectomy or skin sparing mastectomy combined with ipsilateral axillary nodal dissection followed by radiotherapy. In the current study we evaluate the feasibility and oncologic safety of the quadrantectomy and SSM operations with preservation of the nipple and areola, and the cosmetic results of immediate reconstruction by using the latissmus dorsi flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  A breast conservative surgery (quadrantectomy or nipple sparing mastectomy) was carried out in a group of 55 patients with invasive breast cancer treated at the Department of Surgical Oncology, NCI, between January 2001 and April 2004. The selection criteria included those patients who presented with T1 or T2 breast cancer and were located at least 2 cm from the nipple as the centre for the nipple areola complex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The age of the patients ranged from 32 years to 65 years. The follow up period ranged from 2 to 33 months with an average of 21 months. Pathological assessment of the specimens showed a negative safety margin in all cases. Most of our cases were invasive duct carcinoma grade 1-2 (42) (75%). The complications of the flap reconstruction included one major sloughing of the latissmus dorsi flap, 4 partial flap sloughing, 4 sloughing of the nipple and fat necrosis in 6 patients. The donor site healed normally in all of our cases except for one patient who suffered from a hypertrophic scar which settled down during the follow up period. The aesthetic assessment of the patients, showed an excellent to good results in the majority of cases (42) (75%) while in 6 (12%) results were fair and in 7 (13%) results were poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast conservative surgery with quadrantectomy or skin sparing technique with preservation of the nipple and areola combined with immediate LD flap reconstruction is a valid procedure for treatment of early breast cancer. Immediate reconstruction by using the extended latissmus dorsi is as safe, relatively easy procedure which can provide an adequate volume replacement for small to moderate sized breasts.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgical Oncology, NCI, Cairo University.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bassiouny
authors.forename: Hamdy H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: El-Marakby
authors.forename: Nagi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saber
authors.forename: Sherif B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zayed
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shokry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013524:Surgical Flaps