title: Foreskin preservation in penile surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most hypospadias repairs performed in the United States involve the removal of any foreskin that is not used in the repair, resulting in a circumcised penis. Occasionally, the wishes of the parents or the child are for the final appearance to be that of a normal uncircumcised penis. We report our collective experience from 4 institutions in the reconstruction of the foreskin during penile surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 58 patients underwent penile surgery with reconstruction of the foreskin during a 6-year period. Of the patients 49 underwent hypospadias repair, 8 underwent phalloplasty for chordee correction without hypospadias and 1 underwent reconstruction of the foreskin for a dorsal hood without hypospadias or chordee. Of the 49 hypospadias repairs 46 were distal, 2 mid shaft and 1 proximal shaft. The technique for foreskin reconstruction consisted of a multilayered reapproximation of the lateral margins of the dorsal hood after completion of the urethroplasty and glanuloplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 49 hypospadias repairs 2 patients had dehiscence of the reconstructed foreskin, with development of a urethral fistula in 1. Of the 58 total patients undergoing penile surgery 56 had retractable foreskin, of whom 4 required postoperative steroid application. Three patients/parents requested a secondary circumcision, 2 for an unacceptable cosmetic result and 1 based on personal preference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foreskin reconstruction in association with penile surgery can be performed safely and with a low complication rate in appropriately selected patients. Cases with a higher risk of complications include those involving more proximal hypospadias and those requiring complete degloving of the penile shaft. Of the reconstructions resulting in phimosis most can be salvaged with the application of steroids.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA.
authors.forename: Warren T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Snodgrass
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koyle
authors.forename: Laurence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Caldamone
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods