title: Site-specific disease potential of individual Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in pediatric invasive disease, acute otitis media and acute conjunctivitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown that some Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes possess a higher potential to cause invasive disease than others. However, it is unknown whether disease potential for specific serotypes is similar for mucosal disease. Our objective was to assess the disease potential of individual S. pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), acute otitis media (AOM) and acute conjunctivitis (AC) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serotypes of pneumococcal isolates from children with IPD, AOM and AC were compared with those carried by healthy children aged <3 years. All children resided in the same area and were studied during the same period. Odds ratios for disease were calculated for each diagnosis following multivariate analysis, including gender, age, ethnic group, previous antibiotic treatment and year variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5,500 isolates were collected: 189 from blood or cerebrospinal fluid, 3,200 from middle ear fluid, 348 from conjunctiva and 1,763 from nasopharynx of healthy children. A significant positive association with IPD was demonstrated for serotypes 1, 5 and 12F; with AOM for serotypes 1, 3, 5, 12F, 19A and 19F; and with AC for serotype 3 and nontypeable S. pneumoniae. A significant negative association with IPD was demonstrated for nontypeable S. pneumoniae and with AOM for serotypes 6A, 6B, 15A and nontypeable S. pneumoniae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results reflect the importance of the polysaccharide capsule in site-specific disease potential and provide useful information regarding disease potential of nonvaccine serotypes shown to be involved in carriage replacement after vaccination with the 7-valent conjugate vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Center and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Dror S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Shouval
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Noga
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Givon-Lavi
authors.forename: Nurith
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Porat
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003234:Conjunctivitis, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000382:microbiology*; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification