title: Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice: a review.
abstract: Endodontic surgery has now evolved into endodontic microsurgery. By using state-of-the-art equipment, instruments and materials that match biological concepts with clinical practice, we believe that microsurgical approaches produce predictable outcomes in the healing of lesions of endodontic origin. In this review we attempted to provide the most current concepts, techniques, instruments and materials with the aim of demonstrating how far we have come. Our ultimate goal is to assertively teach the future generation of graduate students and also train our colleagues to incorporate these techniques and concepts into everyday practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19008, USA. Syngcuk@pobox.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Syngcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kratchman
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000601:surgery; D001047:Apicoectomy; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D010087:Oxides; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012184:Retrograde Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D018915:Root Canal Preparation; D017640:Silicates; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate