title: Nutraceutical supplementation: effect of a fermented papaya preparation on redox status and DNA damage in healthy elderly individuals and relationship with GSTM1 genotype: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.
abstract: Our study group consisted of 54 elderly patients without major invalidating diseases who were randomly divided into two fully matched groups. Group A was given a certified fermented papaya preparation 9 g/day by mouth, while group B received placebo. Treatment was carried out in a cross-over manner with a 3-month supplementation followed by a 6-week washout period. Blood samples were drawn at entry and on a monthly basis to check routine parameters, redox status, and 8-OHdG in circulating leukocyte DNA. Polymorphism analysis of GSTM1 was carried out as well. The glutathune-S transferase M1 (GSTM1) genotype was null (-) in 40% and 46% of groups A and B, respectively. GSTM1 (-) smokers had a significantly higher level of plasma DNA adducts and leukocytes level of 8-OHdG than their GSTM1 (+) counterparts (P < 0.01). There was a weak correlation between cigarettes smoked/day and DNA adduct (r: 0.61, P < 0.05), which also correlated with antioxidant concentrations, but only in GSTM1 (-) smokers (P < 0.01). The fermented papaya preparation (FPP)-supplemented group showed a significant enhancement of the antioxidant protection (P < 0.01 vs. A) within the subgroups with GSTM1 (-) and of plasma DNA adduct, irrespective of the GSTM1 genotype. Only the GSTM1 (-) subgroup was the one that, under FPP treatment, increased lymphocyte 8-OHdG (P < 0.01). Such preliminary data show that FPP is a promising nutraceutical for improving antioxidant-defense in elderly patients even without any overt antioxidant-deficiency state while helping explain some inconsistent results of prior interventional studies.
authors.affiliation: HepatoGastroenterology Unit, S Giuseppe Hospital, Milano, Italy. fmarchimede@libero.it
authors.forename: Franceso
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weksler
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marandola
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004249:DNA Damage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000975:Antioxidants; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D006147:Guanine; C078307:8-oxo-7,8-dihydrodeoxyguanine