title: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders in liver transplanted patients: a report of four cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are an uncommon but important cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. They are often the result of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-induced proliferation of B-lymphocytes in the setting of immunosuppression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed four cases of PTLD after liver transplantation. In all patients immunosuppression was reduced and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab) was administered. In two of four patients, EBV viral load was positive in the peripheral blood, and gancyclovir was therefore also prescribed. Chemotherapy (CHOP) was used as a rescue in the event of treatment failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even if no severe adverse events were observed during the treatment period, our treatment approach to PTLD was not effective, and only one patient out of four is still alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Well-designed clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the role of this combined approach in the treatment of PTLD in liver transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology and Hepatology, University of Bologna, and Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy. lorenzini@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andreone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gramenzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Zinzani
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Grazi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pileri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baccarani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018951:Antigens, CD20 / Q000276:immunology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D018951:Antigens, CD20; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus