title: Algal toxin yessotoxin signalling pathways involve immunocyte mussel calcium channels.
abstract: A fragment of a putative L-type Ca(2+) channel has been identified by molecular biology experiments in immunocytes from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Using the cell permeable and Ca(2+)-specific fluorochrome FURA 2-AM, we have demonstrated that the algal toxin yessotoxin (YTX) is able to increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in M. galloprovincialis immunocytes. The YTX effect on Ca(2+) increase is inhibited by the L-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitor, verapamil, which is cAMP- and cGMP-dependent, but PKA- and nitric oxide-independent. On the basis of these observations, a possible role for YTX as a potential disturber of mussel immune efficiency is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/D, 41100 Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malagoli
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casarini
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; D014700:Verapamil; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006152:Cyclic GMP; C066632:yessotoxin; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2