title: Nuclear localization of PTEN by a Ran-dependent mechanism enhances apoptosis: Involvement of an N-terminal nuclear localization domain and multiple nuclear exclusion motifs.
abstract: The targeting of the tumor suppressor PTEN protein to distinct subcellular compartments is a major regulatory mechanism of PTEN function, by controlling its access to substrates and effector proteins. Here, we investigated the molecular basis and functional consequences of PTEN nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution. PTEN accumulated in the nucleus of cells treated with apoptotic stimuli. Nuclear accumulation of PTEN was enhanced by mutations targeting motifs in distinct PTEN domains, and it was dependent on an N-terminal nuclear localization domain. Coexpression of a dominant negative Ran GTPase protein blocked PTEN accumulation in the nucleus, which was also affected by coexpression of importin alpha proteins. The lipid- and protein-phosphatase activity of PTEN differentially modulated PTEN nuclear accumulation. Furthermore, catalytically active nuclear PTEN enhanced cell apoptotic responses. Our findings indicate that multiple nuclear exclusion motifs and a nuclear localization domain control PTEN nuclear localization by a Ran-dependent mechanism and suggest a proapoptotic role for PTEN in the cell nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46013, Spain.
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andrés-Pons
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valiente
authors.forename: Josema
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pulido
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D019556:COS Cells; D002384:Catalysis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000378:metabolism*; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein