title: Hong Kong's health spending projections through 2033.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To derive actuarial projection estimates of Hong Kong's total domestic health expenditure to the year 2033.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disaggregating health expenditure by age, sex, unit cost and utilisation level, we estimated future health spending by projecting utilisation (by public/private, inpatient/outpatient care) to reflect demographic changes and associated increase in demand (from higher expectations and greater intensity of care), and then multiplying such by the projected unit costs (incorporating the impact of key cost drivers such as public expectations, technological changes and potential productivity gains) to obtain total expenditure estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model was most sensitive to the excess health care price inflation rate, i.e. the annual price/cost growth of medical goods and services over and above per capita GDP growth. Population ageing and growth per se, without taking into account related technologic innovation for chronic conditions that particularly afflict older adults, contribute relatively little to overall spending growth. Given the model assumptions, it is possible to limit total health spending to below 10% of GDP by 2033, where the public share would gradually decline from the current 57% to between 46% and 49%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expenditure control through global budgeting, technology assessment and demand-side constraints should be considered although their effectiveness remains inconclusive.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. gmleung@hku.hk
authors.forename: Gabriel M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Keith Y K
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Tin
authors.forename: Wai-Sum
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019992:Databases as Topic; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D018166:Health Care Reform; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000639:trends*; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged