title: Serum amiodarone and desethylamiodarone concentrations following nasogastric versus oral administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hospitalized patients unable to ingest anything by mouth require nutritional support by enteral feeding and administration of drugs through a nasogastric tube inserted into the digestive tract. Nasogastric administration of amiodarone may not always be equivalent to oral administration of amiodarone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected 162 observations of serum amiodarone and desethylamiodarone metabolite concentrations from 93 patients within 60 days of starting treatment with amiodarone. Eight patients were given the drug nasogastrically and 85 patients, orally. The two groups, were compared in terms of their serum concentration/(dose/weight) (C/D) value. A ratio of serum amiodarone concentration to serum desethylamiodarone concentration (AMD/DEA) was calculated for each sample. In addition, the percentage drug recovery after nasogastric administration of amiodarone was analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were observed in C/D values of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone and in AMD/DEA values of patients given amiodarone orally when compared with those given the drug nasogastrically. The C/D values of patients who received their medication nasogastrically were approximately 30% of the C/D values of patients who received their medication orally. Approximately 70% of the drug was recovered after it had passed through the nasogastric tube.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To achieve similar concentrations, an approximately 3-fold increase in dosage of amiodarone was required when patients were given the drug nasogastrically rather than orally. This suggests that the absorption of amiodarone following nasogastric administration is poor when compared with oral administration. Therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary to optimize dose particularly during the early stages of amiodarone therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita-city, Osaka, and Department of Pharmacy, Nagoya University Hospital, Aichi, Japan. kotaket@hsp.ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kotake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morishita
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; C036116:desethylamiodarone; D000638:Amiodarone