title: Exogenous glycine partially attenuates homocysteine-induced apoptosis and membrane peroxidation in chick embryos.
abstract: The effects of exogenous glycine on homocysteine (HoCys)-induced reductions in chick (Gallus gallus) embryo viability, HoCys-induced increases in brain and hepatic membrane lipid peroxidation, HoCys-induced apoptosis (caspase-3 activities) in brain and hepatic tissues, and HoCys-induced reductions in brain and hepatic S-adenosylemethionine (SAM)/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels were studied. Exogenous HoCys caused reductions in percent living embryos and reductions in embryo masses. Exogenous glycine attenuated these HoCys-induced reductions in embryo viability. Brain and liver tissues of HoCys-treated embryos exhibited increased caspase-3 activities, increased lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) levels, and reduced levels of long-chain polyunsaturated membrane fatty acids. While exogenous glycine attenuated HoCys-induced changes in brain caspase-3 activities, brain LPO levels, and brain membrane PUFA levels, exogenous glycine was less effective in attenuating HoCys-induced changes in hepatic caspase-3 activities and hepatic membrane PUFA levels. HoCys-induced reductions in SAM/SAH ratios were observed in brains and livers. Exogenous glycine attenuated HoCys-induced reductions in brain SAM/SAH. However, glycine was unable to attenuate HoCys-induced reductions in hepatic SAM/SAH levels.
authors.affiliation: Hillsdale College, Biology Department, Hillsdale, MI 49242-1205, USA. bob.miller@hillsdale.edu
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Casey M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Theodore R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Striegnitz
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Honsey
authors.forename: Carrie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Coykendall
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Blacquiere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005998:Glycine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D008566:Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine / Q000032:analysis; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D006710:Homocysteine; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine; D012435:S-Adenosylhomocysteine; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D005998:Glycine