title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy for local recurrence of breast cancer after breast-conserving therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphatic mapping (LM) with sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has revolutionized the surgical staging of primary breast cancer, but its utility and feasibility have not been established in patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our breast cancer database to identify all patients who underwent preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for IBTR and whose primary tumor had been managed by BCS, SLN biopsy and/or axillary node dissection, and adjuvant breast irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy identified migration to the regional nodal drainage basins in 11 (73%) of 15 patients, as follows: 5 ipsilateral axillary, 1 supraclavicular, 2 internal mammary, 2 interpectoral, and 3 contralateral axillary. Two patients demonstrated drainage to two nodal basins. In four patients, no drainage was observed. Intraoperative LM with radioisotope plus blue dye identified at least 1 SLN in 11 of 14 patients, and histopathologic evaluation revealed metastasis in 3 patients (2 contralateral axillary and 1 ipsilateral axillary). During preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, the radiocolloid migration time tended to be longer and the drainage pathways more variable than those associated with primary tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LM/SLN biopsy can be successfully performed in patients with IBTR after prior BCS, axillary surgical staging, and adjuvant radiation. This approach illustrates variations in the lymphatic drainage of recurrent breast tumors and may permit the identification of regional metastasis not noted with conventional imaging techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Bret
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taback
authors.forename: Phong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: G Keith
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Armando E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Giuliano
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy