title: Effects of choleretics on bile compositions drained from patients with pigment gallstone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide evidence for three-level prevention of cholelithiasis by means of observing the effects of some choleretics on bile compositions drained from patients with pigment gallstone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients suffering from primary pigment gallstones and having received treatment of choledochostomies plus T-tube or endoscopic nasal bile drainage (ENBD) were divided equally into three groups, and administered respectively with Lidanling (the LDL group), ursodesoxycholic acid (the UDA group) and combination of LDL and UDA (the LDL + UDA group) through oral intake (7 patients in each group). Besides, 6 post-operational patients got no treatment with any drug were allocated in the control group. Bile of all the patients was collected before treatment and on the 1, 3, 5, 7 th day after the treatment started to detect levels of total bile acid (TBA), glycocholic acid (GCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), glycocholic cheno-desoxycholic acid (GCDCA), total bilirubin (TBIL), uncombined bilirubin (UCB), concentration of calcium ion (Ca(2+)) as well as the bacterio-genetic and endogenous beta-glucuronidase activity for comparing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of TBA, GCA, TCA and GCDCA got gradually increased in the UDA group and the LDL + UDA group after treatment (P < 0.05), while those in the LDL group remained unchanged, showing an insignificant difference as compared with those in the control group. In the LDL group and the LDL + UDA group, TBIL gradually increased while UCB gradually decreased in the course of treatment (P < 0.05). Moreover, levels of Ca(2+) and endogenous beta-glucuronidase activity got significantly lowered (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined use of LDL and UDA could elevate levels of TBA, GCA, TCA, GCDCA, enhance the excretion of TBIL in patients with pigment gallstone after bile drainage, lower levels of UCB and Ca(2+) and the activity of endogenous beta-glucuronidase in the bile, so as to reduce the possibility of stone formation of bile, and therefore, it could be used to prevent the production of pigment gallstone, especially to prevent post-operative recurrence of stones.
authors.affiliation: Biliopancreatic Disease Center, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, China.
authors.forename: Bai-jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nai-qiang
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Dong-hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000032:analysis; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002768:Choledochostomy; D003544:Cysteic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004322:Drainage; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000378:metabolism*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis; D006000:Glycocholic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C516447:lidanling; C079543:ursodeoxycholylcysteic acid; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D003544:Cysteic Acid; D005966:Glucuronidase; D006000:Glycocholic Acid; D001663:Bilirubin; D002118:Calcium