title: Primary stroke unit treatment followed by very early carotid endarterectomy for carotid artery stenosis after acute stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although it is recognized that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the treatment of choice in symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, in the past, very early CEA has been shown to carry substantial risks. We assessed an interdisciplinary concept of very early CEA in patients with high-grade (>70%) symptomatic ICA stenosis at a single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The course of treatment and outcomes of patients who underwent CEA as early as possible after being referred to the stroke unit for symptoms of transient ischemic attack and stroke were prospectively evaluated, including the following parameters: age, severity of ischemia-related symptoms according to the modified Rankin scale, duration of symptoms until admission, multimodal imaging findings (color-coded duplex, cranial computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography), duration until CEA, perioperative course and complications, as well as duration of in-hospital care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty consecutive patients (median age 68 years, range 44-90) with clinical and imaging signs of transient ischemic attack (n = 19) or stroke (n = 31) were included from January 2000 until December 2004. All except 1 patient showed a preoperative Rankin < 4. There was a median time period of 6 h between the onset of symptoms and admission (range 1 h to 15 days) and a median duration of 4 days after admission until operation (range 1-21 days). Seven patients underwent CEA of the contralateral, severely stenosed ICA after symptomatic ipsilateral ICA occlusion. Four out of 5 patients who primarily underwent systemic thrombolysis recovered almost completely. Three patients (6%) experienced a clinical deterioration before surgery. In the majority of patients (43/50), CEA was performed under local anesthesia with selective shunt use which became necessary in 26%. Three patients (6%) had postoperative worsening due to new infarcts. In 2 cases, an intracerebral hemorrhage occurred, of which 1 remained asymptomatic. In 1 case, surgical revision was necessary because of an ICA thrombosis without permanent neurological decline. Patients were discharged after a median time of 14.5 days (range 4-44).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After careful selection and preparation in a stroke unit, patients with acute stroke due to carotid stenosis can undergo very early CEA under local anesthesia with a perioperative risk comparable with the risk of later endarterectomy, therefore preventing very early stroke recurrences.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Clinic of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Marko.Aleksic@uk-koeln.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aleksic
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rueger
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Lehnhardt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sobesky
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matoussevitch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neveling
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunkwall
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006757:Hospital Units; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents