title: Assessment of the efficacy of Artemia sp (Crustacea) cysts chorion as barrier to chlorpyrifos (organophosphorus pesticide) exposure. Effect on hatching and survival.
abstract: In order to reveal the efficacy of the Artemia cysts chorion as barrier to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos, whole and decapsulated cysts have been exposed to 10 mg L(-1) chlorpyrifos in sea water during hydration and hatching phase, separately. The concentration of chlorpyrifos in capsulated and decapsulated cysts after exposure has been determined in order to elucidate the efficacy of chorion as protection to the embryo. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of the cysts chorion to obstruct the pass of chlorpyrifos molecules through this protection structure. Thus, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in exposed decapsulated cysts is higher than in exposed whole cysts. Moreover, after removing the chorion of exposed cysts, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in the embryo was lower than that of cysts exposed, what would demonstrate the retention of chlorpyrifos molecules by the shell. Hatching was not severely affected by exposure to the insecticide whereas survival at 44 h of the nauplii exposed to chlorpyrifos was significantly different from the controls. Survival of nauplii hatched from exposed decapsulated cysts was higher than that from those hatched from exposed whole cysts, probably because of the lower vitality of the latter, due to depletion of energy reserves during hatching.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Varó
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amat
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barreda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pitarch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serrano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D003445:Crustacea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005399:Fishes; D020387:Food Chain; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D010575:Pesticides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D012623:Seawater; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004390:Chlorpyrifos