title: Case report: bilateral hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in a patient with polycystic horseshoe kidney.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the use of the hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) technique for removal of a horseshoe kidney in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital and outpatient records were reviewed for a 65-year-old man with end-stage renal disease secondary to ADPKD who underwent HAL bilateral nephrectomy of his horseshoe kidney in preparation for kidney transplantation. The surgical method is described. It was completed successfully with an operative time of 280 minutes and an estimated blood loss of 350 mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral HAL nephrectomy can be considered as an option for surgical removal of very large polycystic horseshoe kidneys.
authors.affiliation: Urology Centers of Alabama, P.C., Birmingham, Alabama, USA. lhammontree@uca.mediclinic.net
authors.forename: Lee N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Hammontree
authors.forename: Corey M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Passman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*