title: Involved-node radiotherapy (INRT) in patients with early Hodgkin lymphoma: concepts and guidelines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe new concepts for radiation fields in patients with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma treated with a combined modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients receiving combined modality therapy with at least 2 or 3 cycles of chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. Pre- and postchemotherapy cervical and thoracic CT scans are mandatory and should be performed, whenever possible, in the treatment position with the use of image fusion capabilities. A pre-chemotherapy PET scan is strongly recommended to increase the detection of involved lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiation fields are designed to irradiate the initially involved lymph nodes exclusively and to encompass their initial volume. In some cases, radiation fields are slightly modified to avoid unnecessary irradiation of muscles or organs at risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The concept of involved-node radiotherapy (INRT) described here is the first attempt to reduce the size of radiation fields compared to the classic involved fields used in adult patients. Proper implementation of INRT requires adequate training and an efficient prospective or early retrospective quality assurance program.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. girinsky@igr.fr
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Girinsky
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van der Maazen
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Specht
authors.forename: Berthe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aleman
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poortmans
authors.forename: Yolande
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lievens
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meijnders
authors.forename: Mithra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghalibafian
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meerwaldt
authors.forename: Evert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noordijk
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005060:Europe; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011859:Radiography; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*