The dark side of high-frequency oscillations in the developing brain.
Adult brain networks generate a wide range of oscillations. Some of these are behaviourally relevant, whereas others occur during seizures and other pathological conditions. This raises the question of how physiological oscillations differ from pathogenic ones. In this review, this issue is discussed from a developmental standpoint. Indeed, both epileptic and physiological high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) appear progressively during maturation, and it is therefore possible to determine how this program corresponds to maturation of the neuronal populations that generate these oscillations. We review here important differences in the development of neuronal populations that might contribute to their different oscillatory properties. In particular, at an early stage, the density of glutamatergic synapses is too low for physiological HFOs but an additional drive can be provided by excitatory GABA, triggering epileptic HFOs and the cascades involved in long-lasting epileptogenic transformations. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue "Nature and nurture in brain development and neurological disorders", based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com/).
Le Van Quyen
Michel
M
LENA-CNRS UPR640, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
Khalilov
Ilgam
I
INMED-INSERM U29, 163 Route de Luminy, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
Ben-Ari
Yehezkel
Y
INMED-INSERM U29, 163 Route de Luminy, 13273 Marseille Cedex 09, France. Electronic address: ben-ari@inmed.univ-mrs.fr.
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006612:High-Frequency Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009991:Oscillometry; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid