title: The repeating history of objections to the fortification of bread and alcohol: from iron filings to folic acid.
abstract: The fortification of staple foods has eliminated many deficiency diseases. Despite this, "tampering" with people's food always provokes opposition, much of it from health professionals. Opposition is often based on self-interest, tunnel vision and theory rather than research. A historical perspective of the patterns of objections to fortification and its outcomes may help resolve the anxieties and opposing ethical positions of advocates and opponents of fortification.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Practice, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia. mkamien@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D001315:Australia; D001939:Bread; D002648:Child; D034462:Dissent and Disputes / Q000266:history*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005494:Folic Acid Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000266:history*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000266:history*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D013831:Thiamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013832:Thiamine Deficiency / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid; D013831:Thiamine