title: Glomerular filtration rate changes in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric Type 2 diabetic patients and normal individuals A 10-year follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the changes in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a cohort of normoalbuminuric Type 2 diabetic (DM 2) patients and nondiabetic individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five normoalbuminuric DM 2 patients [urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) <20 microg/min] and 44 nondiabetic individuals recruited at baseline were followed for a mean period of 10 +/- 1 years. In addition to conventional clinical and metabolic variables, GFR ((51)Cr-EDTA technique) and UAER (immunoturbidimetric method) measurements were performed at baseline and at follow-up. We also evaluated the presence of diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Multiple linear regression was performed to assess variables independently associated with GFR evolution in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty DM 2 patients and 32 nondiabetic individuals were included in the follow-up evaluation. Fourteen out of the 50 patients with Type 2 diabetes developed microalbuminuria. They presented a faster GFR decline (-0.39+/-0.24 ml/min/month; ANOVA, P=.0013) than did persistently normoalbuminuric (-0.16+/-0.16 ml/min/month) and nondiabetic individuals (-0.13+/-0.14 ml/min/month). Multiple linear regression analysis disclosed baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG) along with the development of microalbuminuria as factors significantly related to a higher GFR decline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistently normoalbuminuric patients and normal individuals presented a similar degree of GFR reduction related to the aging process. The slope was significantly enhanced in patients who developed microalbuminuria and was influenced by worse baseline glucose control.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murussi
authors.forename: Jorge Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Sandra Pinho
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Silveiro
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose