title: Effectiveness of local anaesthesia techniques in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of intrarectal lidocaine gel versus periprostatic lidocaine injection during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy from July through December 2004 were randomized into three groups of 30 patients each. Before the biopsy, patients in Group 1 received 20 mL of 2% lidocaine gel intrarectally; patients in Group 2 received 5 mL (2.5 mL per side) of 2% lidocaine solution injected near the junction of the seminal vesicle with the base of the prostate (along the neurovascular bundles), and patients in Group 3 (control group) received 5 mL (2.5 mL per side) of normal saline injected along the neurovascular bundles. Pain level after the biopsy was assessed using a 10-point linear visual analog scale (VAS). Results were statistically compared by the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in Group 2 had significantly lower VAS scores than those in Group 3 (3.6 +/- 2.1 vs 5.8 +/- 1.9, P < 0.0001), but those in Group 1 did not (5.5 +/- 2.7 vs 5.8 +/- 1.9, P = 0.67). Gross hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hemospermia occurred in 36 (40.0%), 6 (7%) and 5 (6%) patients. One patient had temporary vasovagal syncope. No patient reported febrile urinary tract infection or urinary retention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periprostatic injection of local anaesthetic is a safe technique that significantly reduces pain during prostate biopsy, whereas intrarectal lidocaine injection did not reduce pain. This safe, simple technique should be applied in men undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy to limit patient discomfort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, CHA General Hospital, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jeong Kon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kanghyon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hanjong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Choung-Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine