title: Experimental and theoretical characterization of the valence isomerization of Bi-2H-azirin-2-yls to diazabenzenes.
abstract: 3,4-diazidocyclobutenes 16 were prepared from the corresponding dihalides. Some of these diazides, such as parent compound 16 d and phenyl-substituted derivatives 16 c,f, underwent spontaneous stereoselective electrocyclic ring opening below room temperature, whereas the tetraalkyl derivatives of 16 had to be heated to force the same reaction. In most cases, the resulting 1,4-diazidobuta-1,3-dienes 8 were isolated to study their photochemical transformation into bi-2H-azirin-2-yls 9 via intermediate mono-azirines 17. Except for starting materials with a low number of substituents such as 9 d and 9 f, title compounds 9 underwent a thermal valence isomerization which led exclusively to pyridazines 18 at surprisingly low temperatures. Based on quantum-chemical calculations for the parent bi-2H-azirinyl-2-yl 9 d at the UB3LYP/6-31+G(d) and MR-MP2/TZV(2df,2p) levels, the valence isomerization process is best explained by simultaneous homolytic cleavage of both C--N single bonds of 9 to generate energetically favorable N,N' diradicals 26, which cyclize to 18. The theoretical studies indicate also that one stereoisomer of 9, namely, the rac compound, should undergo valence isomerization more easily than the other, which is in conformity with different rates of these rearrangement reactions found experimentally. For the tetramethyl-bi-2H-azirin-2-yls 9 g, which are better models for the experimentally studied compounds, simultaneous homolytic cleavage of both C--N single bonds is also predicted by the calculations, although the intermediate diradicals 26 g are significantly higher in energy than those of the parent system 9 d.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Chemie der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany. klaus.banert@chemie.tu-chemnitz.de
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banert
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grimme
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herges
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Köhler
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mück-Lichtenfeld
authors.forename: Ernst-Ulrich
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Würthwein