title: [Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: surgical technique and results].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LLDN) and to describe our technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 47 laparoscopic live donor nephrectomies performed between January 1999 and July 2005. Several parameters were studied: donor clinical characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative complications, operating time and warm ischaemia time. This series comprised 26 women (55.31%) and 21 men (44.68%) with a mean age of 48 +/- 20 years. Donor nephrectomy was mainly performed on the left kidney (85.37%). It was performed by lumbar endoscopy in the first 20 cases and by laparoscopy in 27 cases. Kidney extraction was performed via an incision between two trocar orifices for the first cases and via an iliac incision for the last 18 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operating time was 189 min with a mean blood loss of 127 ml. Warm ischemia time was 6 minutes. Open conversion was required in two cases: renal vein injury in one case and an obese donor with difficulties of dissection in the other case. Surgical revision was required in only one case (haemoperitoneum secondary to genital vein injury). A trocar orifice abscess was observed in one case and prolonged ileus was reported in 2 cases. In the recipient, a urinary anastomotic fistula was observed secondary to ischaemic necrosis of the distal segment of the ureter. Late complications were essentially vascular (19.14%). A right renal graft was lost due to an error of compatibility. Mean serum creatinine was 132 +/- 6.5 micromol/l at 3 months for the other recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience confirms the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. Intraoperative and postoperative complications and the conversion rate were low. Renal function was rapidly restored in the recipient. The morbidity of this technique is low, but there is a high risk of vascular complications at the beginning of the operator's experience.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Urologie, Transplantation rénale et Andrologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Mounir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Léfi
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gamé
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cointault
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mouzin
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamar
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vaessen
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malavaud
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sarramon
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rischmann
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies