title: Naturally-occurring chronic renal disease in Australian cats: a prospective study of 184 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe cases of naturally occurring feline chronic renal disease (CRD) in a defined population of Sydney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criteria were the presence of a serum creatinine concentration above the reference range with either inadequately concentrated urine (urine specific gravity < or = 1.035), necropsy findings consistent with CRD, renal proteinuria or persistent azotaemia despite rehydration. Cats were excluded if a specific aetiology was identified ante or post mortem. Patients were divided into two categories (renal insufficiency or renal failure) on the basis of history, physical findings and serum creatinine concentration. The gender and age of cats with CRD was compared to an estimated Australian urban pet cat population. The breeds of cats with CRD were compared to the breeds of cats visiting the respective veterinary hospital where possible. Breed and gender comparisons were made using Fisher's exact tests. Age comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney U tests. The age at which cats were diagnosed with CRD was compared between veterinary hospitals using a Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighty-four (99 female; 85 male) cats fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Amongst cats with CRD, males (median 12 years) were significantly younger than females (median 15 years; p = 0.001). The overall proportion of male and female cats with CRD was similar to that of the reference urban cat population (p = 0.41), however, between the ages of 9 and 11 years, male cats with CRD were over-represented (p = 0.038). Patients diagnosed with renal insufficiency (123 cats; median age 15 years) were significantly older than patients diagnosed with renal failure (61 cats; median age 11 years; p = 0.0001). The age at diagnosis of cats with CRD differed significantly between veterinary hospitals (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male cats with CRD were significantly younger than female cats with CRD. Younger cats were more likely to be diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease than older cats. The age at which cats were diagnosed with CRD was influenced by the clinic the cats attended. Whether these differences reflect differences in the aetiology of CRD or in the rate of disease progression warrants further investigation. Breed did not appear to play a significant role in the development of CRD in this survey.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Australia. joannaw@vetc.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Baral
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001947:Breeding; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002415:Cats; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine