title: Excess soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in the plasma of dialysis patients correlates with increased fibrinolytic activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and other fibrinolytic parameters related to the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system can be implicated in clot lysis in plasma. In this study, we examined whether the excess suPAR was associated with increased plasma fibrinolytic activity, determined as plasmin/antiplasmin (PAP) complexes in dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) and 18 on maintenance peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were examined together with 20 healthy controls. Pre-dialysis blood levels of suPAR, uPA and PAP were determined using commercially ELISA kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  suPAR, uPA, PAP levels and suPAR/uPA ratio were increased in both groups of dialyzed patients compared to the controls. Moreover, increased suPAR levels directly correlated with those of uPA and PAP (r=0.443 and r=0.393, both p<0.01, respectively); the fibrinolytic markers were also positively associated with each other (r=0.506, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma suPAR antigen levels are significantly increased in uraemic patients undergoing maintenance dialysis compared with healthy volunteers and are closely associated both with uPA as well as PAP. These positive associations suggest a link between suPAR and the fibrinolytic activity in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, Medical University of Bialystok, 14 Zurawia St, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland. krystynapawlak@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D012995:Solubility; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator