title: Failure modes of left ventricular reconstruction or the Dor procedure: a multi-institutional perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complex ventricular reconstruction (CVR) is now being employed increasingly thanks to the pioneering work of Dor. However, little is known about the failure mode of CVR. We present experience from three centres with CVR and an analysis of the failure modes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1997 and February 2005, 284 patients underwent CVR in three centres in Australia and USA. All of the procedures were performed as adjuncts to coronary artery surgery and/or valvular surgery. Patients were followed-up clinically and/or echocardiographically. Failure modes were classified as fatal or non-fatal. Non-fatal failure mode (NFM) was defined as either persistent heart failure, recurrence of LV scar, need for ventricular assistance, persistent ventricular arrhythmia, or a combination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operative mortality rate (OMR) was 8% (23 deaths). This fatal failure mode was most related to urgency of surgery and cardiogenic shock in 15 patients (5.3% of OMR), stroke in 5 patients (1.8%) or postoperative bi-ventricular failure (1%). Non-fatal failure modes accounted for morbidity in 26 patients (9%). This was predominantly due to persistent septal dyskinesis in 7 patients (2.46%), persistent mitral regurgitation in 5 (1.8%), postoperative ventricular tachycardia in 4 (1.4%), sub-optimal myocardial protection in 4 (1.4%) use of a large, stiff patch in 4 (1.4%). One hundred and ninety-nine of the surviving 261 patients (76%) were in NYHA Class I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complex ventricular reconstruction is a robust technique that has lasting benefit. Failure modes have been identified and could be minimized by appropriate patient and procedure selection.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, MC 5040, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. jraman@surgery.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Jaishankar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolotin
authors.forename: Valluvan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jeevanandam
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004630:Emergencies; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000601:surgery; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012008:Recurrence; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000150:complications; D017211:Treatment Failure