title: [Inhalative application devices for patients suffering from asthma bronchiale].
abstract: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It is caused by infiltration of eosinophils, mast cells, and CD4+ -T-lymphocytes which leads to variable airway obstruction. The core element of therapy is to control inflammation, which is best possible with inhaled steroids, the so-called controller drugs. Cromones are only second line therapeutic agents because they are not powerful enough for optimal inflammation control. Reliever drugs like beta2-agonists or anticholinergic agents serve as a symptomatic medication because they only lead to bronchial dilatation. The inflammation in COPD is caused by neutrophils, macrophages and CD8+ -T-lymphocytes. This kind of inflammation causes an irreversible airway obstruction accompanied by destruction of the lung parenchyma. By the majority, only symptomatic medication is effective for COPD, like anticholinergic agents and beta2-agonists. About 10-20% of patients with COPD are showing improvement when treated with inhaled steroids. However, the best treatment result is only guaranteed by optimal application of the medication. The most important barrier is an insufficient coordination between manual use of the inhaling system and inhalation. Various attempts are made to solve this problem, thus leading to a huge variety of application systems. However this also leads to confusion of patients and doctors because it is difficult to choose the optimal system and to use it in the most efficient way. This article provides an overview of the different application systems and compiles important details to facilitate the optimal application of inhalation therapy by the patient.
authors.affiliation: Arzneimittelinformationszentrum der Apotheke, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg. martina.schwald@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwald
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents