title: Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells: genetic selection and potential use in vivo.
abstract: Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from blastocyst-stage embryos. They are characterized by their infinite self-renewal capacity and their ability to differentiate into many cell types in vitro as well as in vivo. The present protocol describes culture conditions that allow efficient differentiation of mouse ES cells toward the endothelial lineage, both in two-dimensional cultures and in three-dimensional, multicellular embryoid bodies. We also provide a protocol for establishing recombinant ES cell clones, giving the example of cells expressing green fluorescent protein and an antibiotic resistance gene under the control of an endothelial-specific promoter. These transgenes allow the visualization and the genetic selection of endothelial cells from a heterogeneous population of differentiating ES cells. Potential applications for these differentiation models are given, including the study of the endothelial cell lineage and its derivatives, the testing of molecules involved in angiogenesis, and the potential use of selected endothelial cells in vivo.
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR 6543, Institute of Signalling Development Biology and Cancer, Nice, France.
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gimond
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagès
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins