title: Medication-overuse headache in patients with cluster headache.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medication-overuse headache (MOH) in cluster headache (CH) patients is incompletely described, perhaps because of the relatively low prevalence of CH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors describe a retrospective series of 17 patients (13 men, 4 women) with CH who developed MOH in association with overuse of a wide range of monotherapies or varying combinations of simple analgesics (n = 9), caffeine (n = 1), opioids (n = 10), ergotamine (n = 3), and triptans (n = 14). The series includes both episodic (n = 7) and chronic (n = 10) CH patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A specific triptan-overuse headache diagnosis was made in 3 patients, an opioid-overuse headache diagnosis was made in 1 patient, and an ergotamine-overuse headache diagnosis was made in 1 patient. In approximately half of the patients (n = 8), the MOH phenotype was a bilateral, dull, and featureless daily headache. In the other 9 patients, the MOH was characterized by at least one associated feature, most commonly nausea (n = 6), exacerbation with head movement (n = 5), or throbbing character of the pain (n = 5). The common denominator in 15 patients was a personal or family history, or both, of migraine. The 2 other patients gave a family history of unspecified headaches. Medication withdrawal was attempted and successful in 13 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medication-overuse headache is a previously underrecognized and treatable problem associated with cluster headache (CH). CH patients should be carefully monitored, especially those with a personal or family history of migraine.
authors.affiliation: Headache Group, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paemeleire
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Matharu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goadsby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics