title: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine pretreatment ameliorates ischemic acute renal injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polyenylphosphatidycholine has been demonstrated to have antioxidant, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Whether polyenylphosphatidycholine pretreatment affects ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal damage in vivo is not known and was investigated here in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n = 10) was given saline (control, sham operated). Group 2 (n = 15) were given saline, and Group 3 (n = 15) were given polyenylphosphatidycholine (100 mg/day for 10 days prior to experiment). Groups 2 and 3 were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia (60 min) followed by reperfusion (6 h). After the reperfusion period, the rats were sacrificed and kidney tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione, total nitrite and nitrate, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels, plasma aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and nuclear factor kappa beta expression were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the treatment group compared to those in the ischemic group. There were significant differences between treatment and ischemic groups regarding the tissue superoxide dismutase, glutathione, total nitrite and nitrate, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase levels (P < 0.05). In addition, polyenylphosphatidycholine pretreatment reduced nuclear factor kappa beta expression in ischemic kidney tissue. Kidneys obtained from rats pretreated with polyenylphosphatidycholine demonstrated marked reduction of the histological features of renal injury compared to kidneys obtained from Group 2 rats, including a little vacuolization, pyknosis and necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyenylphosphatidycholine pretreatment provided significant protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury to the kidney. This treatment could be therapeutic in kidney transplantation and other conditions associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury to the kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Inönü University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey. sdemirbilek@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Savaş
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirbilek
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baykarabulut
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akin
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gürünlüoglu
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taş
authors.forename: Rauf Tugrul
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Mehmet Naci
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Edali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; C005152:lipostabil