title: Does gastroschisis reduction require general anesthesia? A comparative analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outcome after gastroschisis repair without general anesthesia is controversial, and published conclusions are variable with no comparative studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to present a comparative study evaluating outcome after gastroschisis repair with and without general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ambispective nonrandomized study of a cohort of 51 neonates born with gastroschisis between July 1998 and December 2003 was performed. Twenty-four neonates (group 1) had conventional reduction under general anesthesia, and 27 (group 2) cotside minimal intervention reductions were without general anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups were comparable regarding gestational age, birth weight, and quality of eviscerated bowel. Statistical significance (P < .05) was seen between groups 1 and 2 with regard to age at reduction of gastroschisis (5.6 +/- 2.5 vs 3 +/- 1 hours) and time taken for completion of gastroschisis reduction (58.1 +/- 15 vs 49 +/- 14 minutes). No statistical significance (P > .05) was seen with respect to start of feeds (10.4 +/- 3.6 vs 10.9 +/- 4.1 days), duration of total parenteral nutrition (21.5 +/- 7.3 vs 22.4 +/- 6.8 days), and total hospital (stay 29 +/- 10 vs 30 +/- 13 days). Admission to the intensive care unit was required in 92% in group 1 for 1 to 6 days vs 7% in group 2 for 3 to 6 days. There was 1 death in group 1 (4%). Total hospital cost in group 1 was 12,283 pounds sterling +/- 2438 pounds sterling vs 6208 pounds sterling +/- 2120 pounds sterling in group 2 (P = .013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonates with gastroschisis, whose bowel was reduced without general anesthesia, have similar outcomes to those whose bowel was reduced under general anesthesia. Both approaches appear to be safe and effective, but reduction without general anesthesia was cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Steel House Lane, B4 6NH Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cauchi
authors.forename: Dakshesh H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gornall
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D020139:Gastroschisis / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome