title: Ankle mobility in relation to chronic venous insufficiency in HIV-positive persons with and without a history of injection drug use.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine ankle mobility in relation to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in HIV-positive persons with and without a history of injection drug use (IDU) and to examine the extent to which peripheral neuropathy further reduced ankle mobility. A cross-sectional, stratified design with quota sampling was used to recruit 27 persons with no history of IDU and 46 with a history of IDU from an infectious diseases clinic. Goniometric measurements of forefoot inversion-eversion and dorsiflexion-plantar flexion were obtained. CVI was assessed on a clinical scale. Peripheral neuropathy was identified from chart review and self-report. Injection drug users had less ankle flexion-extension right, inversion-eversion left and right, and total ankle motion than those who did not inject drugs (p < .05). Neuropathy was not associated with less mobility of the ankle joint (p < .01). A causal model supported the hypothesis of ankle mobility as a mediator of the effect of IDU on CVI.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Templin
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ebright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011403:Pronation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications*; D013484:Supination; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*