Stop! In the name of transforming growth factor-beta: keeping estrogen receptor-alpha-positive mammary epithelial cells from proliferating.
Recent genetic and cell biological studies illustrate the importance of active transforming growth factor-beta signaling in preventing the proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive cells in the normal mammary gland, and suggest how the loss of this inhibition may be important in early breast cancer progression.
Grimm
Sandra L
SL
Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Rosen
Jeffrey M
JM
D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*
D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta