title: Na+/H+ exchanger inhibition at the onset of reperfusion decreases myocardial infarct size: role of reactive oxygen species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A burst of reactive oxygen species and activation of Na+/H+ exchanger take place at the beginning of reperfusion. The aim of this study was to assess the possible interrelation of the inhibition of Na+/H+ exchanger and reactive oxygen species about the determination of myocardial infarct size.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat hearts were submitted to 40 min of coronary occlusion and 2 h of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined through triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining technique and was expressed as a percentage of risk area. Lipid peroxidation, as a marker of oxidative stress, was estimated by the concentration of thiobarbituric reactive substances.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment during the first 20 min of reperfusion with a selective inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 isoform, HOE 642 (cariporide; 10 microM), significantly diminished infarct size (15.1+/-2.4% vs. 31+/-2% in untreated hearts). The administration of a "scavenger" of hydroxyl radical, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (2 mM), decreased infarct size in an extent similar to that of cariporide (18+/-3%). The combination cariporide+N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine did not produce additional protection (17+/-1.7%). Each intervention [HOE 642 or N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine] and its combination improved the postischemic recovery of myocardial systolic and diastolic functions in a similar extent. The content of the thiobarbituric reactive substances of untreated hearts (1012+/-144 nmol/g) decreased to 431+/-81, 390+/-82, and 433+/-41 after cariporide, N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine, and cariporide+N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine treatments, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data support the conclusion that the cardioprotective effect of cariporide is associated with diminution of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Fellowship of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juliana C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fantinelli
authors.forename: Horacio E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Cingolani
authors.forename: Susana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D008625:Tiopronin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006146:Guanidines; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C452850:Slc9a1 protein, rat; D000074082:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D013450:Sulfones; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C093373:cariporide; D008625:Tiopronin