title: Comparison of antimicrobial effects of dexmedetomidine and etomidate-lipuro with those of propofol and midazolam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to investigate the antimicrobial effects of dexmedetomidine and etomidate-lipuro, and to compare these effects with those of midazolam and propofol on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli ( E. coli ESBL).
  
  
  METHODS
  All hypnotic dilutions were exposed to micro-organisms for 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min at room temperature in vitro. The inoculums taken from diluted suspensions were re-inoculated on blood agar and incubated for 18-24 h at 35 degrees C after which a count of the colonies was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Midazolam reduced the viable cells of S. aureus at 30, 60, 120 and 240 min, and also completely inhibited the growth of E. coli, P. aeroginosa, A. baumannii and E. coli ESBL. Dexmedetomidine, etomidate-lipuro and propofol, however, did not inhibit any of the micro-organisms tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, midazolam had an antimicrobial effect on E. coli, P. aeroginosa, A. baumannii and E. coli ESBL. Like propofol and dexmedetomidine, etomidate-lipuro had no antimicrobial effect on any of the micro-organisms tested.
authors.affiliation: University of Celal Bayar, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Manisa, Turkey. gtezkeles@yahoo.com
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Keleş
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurutepe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tok
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gazi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dinç
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000378:metabolism; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005045:Etomidate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol; D005045:Etomidate