title: Does cross-reactivity between mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and human intestinal antigens characterize Crohn's disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most Crohn's disease (CD) patients show seroreactivity against Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), suggesting a pathogenic role for this organism. Our aim was to seek amino acid similarities between MAP and intestinal proteins that, through molecular mimicry, could serve as targets for cross-reactive immunity in CD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three peptides comprising 23 sets of MAP/human intestinal peptidyl mimics chosen for maximal homology were constructed and tested for immunologic cross-reactivity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 50 patients with CD, 50 with ulcerative colitis, and 38 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibody reactivity was present in only 7 of 23 peptide sets. MAP/self-reactivity in at least 1 of the 7 reactive sets was present in 21 (42%) CD patients but was virtually absent in the controls. Significant double-reactivity was found against MAP glycosyl transferase d (gsd)(230-244)/human gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase (GPg)(111-125) homologues in 15 of 50 (30%) CD patients; MAP alkylohydroperoxidase C (ahpC)(20-34)/human tumor overexpressed protein (TOG)(637-651) double-reactivity was present in 10 (20%) CD patients, but in none of the controls. Inhibition studies confirmed that simultaneous reactivity to mimics was caused by cross-reactivity. Three-dimensional modeling predicts GPg(111-125) will be exposed in a solvent-accessible surface region of the protein compatible with antibody recognition. Antibody affinity was greater for the MAP mimics than for the self-sequences, suggesting that reactivity to the mycobacterial sequences precedes that against self-sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe MAP/self-mimics as targets of cross-reactive antibody responses characterizing patients with CD. Our findings indicate gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase as a novel autoantigen in CD.
authors.affiliation: University College London, London, United Kindgom.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Polymeros
authors.forename: Dimitrios P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bogdanos
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Dimitryi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arioli
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vergani
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000915:Antibody Affinity / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; C117436:GPX2 protein, human; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase