title: Reducing variation in antibacterial prescribing rates for 'cough/cold' and sore throat between 1993 and 2001: regional analyses using the general practice research database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) to explore the regional variation in prescribing for single diagnostic episodes of 'cough/cold' and sore throat and how this changed between 1993 and 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the GPRD was used to conduct a longitudinal survey of morbidity and antibiotic prescribing data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nationally there has been a substantial reduction in diagnosed episodes per 1000 patient years at risk for both diagnoses: from 104.6 (104.0-105.2) to 86.5 (86.0-86.9) for cough/cold (-17.3%) and from 102.8 (102.2-103.4) to 69.2 (68.8-69.6) for sore throat (-32.6%). In addition to the changes in diagnostic rate there have been reductions in diagnosis-related prescribing: from 41.8% to 34.8% of cough/cold episodes (-7.0%) and from 77.3% to 60.8% of sore throat episodes (-16.4%). These aggregated data conceal wide regional variations. For cough/cold the change in prescribing rate during the study varied from -16.0% to +5.3% and for sore throat from -28.3% to -7.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to a substantial reduction in diagnosis of cough/cold and sore throat, there has been a reduction in diagnosis-related prescribing episodes in almost all regions. Although there continues to be regional variation in diagnosis-related prescribing this has reduced substantially over the 9-year study period.
authors.affiliation: Regional Surveillance Unit, Health Protection Agency West Midlands, Birmingham, UK. sue.smith@hpa.org.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heatlie
authors.forename: J N R
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bashford
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
authors.forename: N Q
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Verlander
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Duckworth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003139:Common Cold / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010821:Physicians, Family; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends*; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents