title: Motion-compensated and gated cone beam filtered back-projection for 3-D rotational X-ray angiography.
abstract: This paper presents a method to reconstruct moving objects from cone beam X-ray projections acquired during a single rotational run using a given motion vector field. The method is applicable to voxel driven cone-beam filtered back-projection reconstruction approaches. Here, a formulation based on the algorithm of Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress (FDK) is presented. The motion correction is applied during the back-projection step by shifting the voxel to be reconstructed according to the motion vector field. The method is applied to three-dimensional (3-D) rotational X-ray angiography. Projections from a beating coronary heart phantom are simulated. Motion-compensated reconstructions with varying accuracy of the applied motion field are carried out for a late diastolic heart phase and compared to the reconstruction obtained with the standard FDK-method from projections of the corresponding motion-free model in the same heart phase. Furthermore, gated reconstructions are calculated by weighting the projections according to their cardiac phase without using a motion vector field. Different gating window widths are applied, and the reconstructions are compared. Using the correct motion field with the motion-compensated reconstruction, the image quality of the standard reconstruction from the corresponding motion-free coronary model can almost be recovered. The reconstructed image quality stays acceptable if the accuracy of the motion field sampling points is better than 1 mm. The gated reconstructions with a window width of 15%-20% of the cardiac cycle lead to superior results compared to nearest neighbor gating, especially for histogram based visualization and analysis. The motion-compensated reconstructions provide sharp images of the coronaries far surpassing the image quality of gated reconstructions.
authors.affiliation: Philips Research, 22335 Hamburg, Germany. dirk.schafer@philips.com
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borgert
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rasche
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grass
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D009068:Movement; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*