title: A comparison between percutaneous and surgical transplantation of autologous skeletal myoblasts in a swine model of chronic myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to compare the efficacy of surgical versus percutaneous administration of skeletal myoblasts (SkM) in a swine model of chronic myocardial infarction and to determine the mechanism(s) involved in their beneficial effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two months after induction of myocardial infarction (MI), Goettingen miniature pigs underwent autologous SkM transplant either by direct surgical injection (n=6) or percutaneous access and intramyocardial delivery under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance (n=6). Control animals received media alone (n=4). Functional analysis was performed by 2D echocardiography. Myoblast engraftment, in vivo cell differentiation, vessel formation, fibrosis, and the ratio between collagen type I/III deposition were analyzed in the infarct (IA) and non-infarct area (NIA) by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals received a median of 407.55+/-115x10(6) BrdU-labeled autologous SkM. Myoblast transplant was associated with a statistically significant increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (p<0.01), increased vasculogenesis and decreased fibrosis (p<0.05), and reduced collagen type I/III ratio in the IA and NIA areas as compared with control animals. No differences were found between groups receiving SkM by percutaneous or surgical access.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that increased vasculogenesis and changes in matrix remodeling with decreased fibrosis are associated with the beneficial effect of SkM transplant in chronic MI. The equivalent benefit observed from surgical and percutaneous delivery has important clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Navarra, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gavira
authors.forename: Maitane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perez-Ilzarbe
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abizanda
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Josune
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orbe
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Páramo
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belzunce
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rábago
authors.forename: Joaquín
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herreros
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panizo
authors.forename: José A García
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Jalón
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez-Caro
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prósper
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D004452:Echocardiography; D005355:Fibrosis; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D023421:Models, Animal; D032448:Myoblasts, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D013552:Swine; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D015415:Biomarkers; D003094:Collagen