title: Bone marrow histological findings in systemic lupus erythematosus with hematologic abnormalities: a clinicopathological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The histopathologic features characterizing the involvement of the bone marrow (BM) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have not been systematically analyzed to date.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of BM involvement in SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and serological data of 40 SLE patients with unexplained cytopenias were studied. Ten patients with myelodysplasia of refractory anemia (RA) were used as controls. BM aspiration, BM biopsy (BMB), and immunohistochemistry were carried out in patients and controls. BM fibrosis, BM necrosis, stromal edema, and abnormal localization of immature precursors (ALIP) were assessed according to standard criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dyserythropoiesis and megakaryocytic atypias were uniform findings in SLE patients. The disruption of the normal BM architecture was a predominant SLE BM feature affecting cells of all three hemopoietic lineages, with both erythroid and megakaryocytic precursors tending to assume paratrabecular locations and ALIP aggregates being present in 27 cases. In addition, BM was hypocellular in 23 cases. BM necrotic alterations were evident in 90% of the cases. The density of reticulin content was generally increased. Vascular changes including dilatation of sinuses were manifest and were associated with the presence of necrotic alterations (P = 0.008). Hemoglobin levels correlated inversely with the presence of ALIP (P = 0.016). Upon comparing BMB features between SLE and RA controls there were striking similarities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMB in patients with SLE and unexplained cytopenias presents a variety of histopathologic findings including BM necrosis, stromal alterations, hypocellularity, dyspoiesis, and distortion of normal BM architecture, characterized primarily by the presence of ALIP aggregates.
authors.affiliation: University of Athens Medical School, Department of Pathophysiology, Athens, Greece. mvoulgar@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voulgarelis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannouli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tasidou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anagnostou
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ziakas
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tzioufas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010198:Pancytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies