title: Effects of hormone therapy on brain morphology of healthy postmenopausal women: a Voxel-based morphometry study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estrogens are known to be protective in age-associated cognitive changes in humans and in neurodegeneration in animal models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of estrogen therapy (ET) on human gray matter volume in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty healthy postmenopausal women underwent three-dimensional high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging: 17 were never treated, 16 were currently receiving ET, and 7 had had ET in the past. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with SPM2 was used, according to an optimized protocol, to compare women under past and current ET to those never treated. Significance threshold was set at P = 0.01, corrected by false discovery rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Voxel-based morphometry indicated that estrogen use was associated with greater gray matter volumes in the whole group of treated women, which included the cerebellum (cluster size, Z coordinates: 5,527; 5.15; -14 -54 -10), the amygdaloid-hippocampal complex (left: 19; 3.55; -22 -4 -18; right: 45; 3.61; 16 -6 -16), and extended to the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital neocortex. The comparison current ET versus past ET use showed that women who underwent treatment in the past had greater volumes of gray matter compared to women under current treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET might slow down age-related gray matter loss in postmenopausal women. The structures that exhibited greater volume in association with ET included the cerebellar and cerebral cortices and, typically involved in Alzheimer's disease, the medial temporal structures and the temporoparietal junction.
authors.affiliation: LENITEM (Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine), IRCCS San Giovanni di Dio-FBF, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boccardi
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghidoni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Govoni
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benussi
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonetti
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Binetti
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Frisoni
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens