title: Comparative evaluation of the treatment efficacy of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells from patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In most patients with ovarian cancer, diagnosis occurs after the tumour has disseminated beyond the ovaries. In these cases, post-surgical taxane/platinum combination chemotherapy is the "gold standard". However, most of the patients experience disease relapse and eventually die due to the emergence of chemotherapy resistance. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are novel anticancer agents that hold promise to improve patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared a prototypic histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and paclitaxel for their treatment efficacy in ovarian cancer cell lines and in primary patient-derived ovarian cancer cells. The primary cancer cells were isolated from malignant ascites collected from five patients with stage III ovarian carcinomas. Cytotoxic activities were evaluated by Alamar Blue assay and by caspase-3 activation. The ability of SAHA to kill drug-resistant 2780AD cells was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By employing the cell lines OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3, and A2780, we established SAHA at concentrations of 1 to 20 microM to be as efficient in inducing cell death as paclitaxel at concentrations of 3 to 300 nM. Consequently, we treated the patient-derived cancer cells with these doses of the drugs. All five isolates were sensitive to SAHA, with cell killing ranging from 21% to 63% after a 72-h exposure to 20 microM SAHA, while four of them were resistant to paclitaxel (i.e., <10% cell death at 300 nM paclitaxel for 72 hours). Likewise, treatment with SAHA led to an increase in caspase-3 activity in all five isolates, whereas treatment with paclitaxel had no effect on caspase-3 activity in three of them. 2780AD cells were responsive to SAHA but resistant to paclitaxel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These ex vivo findings raise the possibility that SAHA may prove effective in the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany. juergen.sonnemann@uni-greifswald.de
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sonnemann
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gänge
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilz
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stötzer
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohlinger
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belau
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000032:analysis; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000077337:Vorinostat
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000077337:Vorinostat; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D017239:Paclitaxel