title: Search for solutions: animal models of disease.
abstract: Disease researchers use animal models to study potential etiologies, pathophysiologies, and treatments. Responsive models must be predictable, emulating human conditions, and produce results that can be extrapolated and transposed. These models are often better than in vitro study or computer models, but still have limitations. Animal models can be difficult to maintain and are usually quite costly. Numerous methods are used to develop animal models including chemical exposure, genetic "knockout or knock in," or forward genetic modeling. Recently, more accurate animal models of Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, cancer, and mental illness have been developed. The strengths and limitations of each are discussed.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jeannette Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wick
authors.forename: Guido R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Zanni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001927:Brain Diseases; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006505:Hepatitis; D006801:Humans; D007251:Influenza, Human; D009369:Neoplasms; D010024:Osteoporosis