CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and mobilization of innate mucosal immunity: tasks and tactics.
The recent discovery of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as potential ligands for the evolutionary conserved innate immune receptors termed Toll-like receptors has enabled a modern era of immunotherapy using synthetic mimics of pathogen molecules. Among the PAMPs, bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain unmethylated CpG motif shows promising effect on activation of systemic innate immune response. We could document that CpG ODN is capable of mobilizing a potent innate immunity in the mucosal tissues. Thus, intravaginal, intrarrectal, or intragastric delivery of mice with CpG ODN elicits potent innate chemokine responses in the respective mucosal tissues. Interestingly, we could show that the immunostimulatory effect of CpG DNA is much improved when chemically conjugated to the non-toxic B subunit of cholera toxin.
Harandi
Ali M
AM
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Göteborg University Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 7A, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. ali.harandi@microbio.gu.se
Holmgren
Jan
J
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D018925:Chemokines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D002772:Cholera Toxin