title: A comparison of once-daily and divided doses of modafinil in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of several modafinil dosing regimens in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to determine whether modafinil can be given once daily in pediatric ADHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children and adolescents (age range, 6-13 years) (N = 248) with DSM-IV-defined ADHD were enrolled in a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, conducted February-May 2002. The group was assigned to receive oral (100-mg tablets) modafinil 300 mg once daily (300 mg in the morning followed by placebo at midday), modafinil 300 mg as a divided dose (100/200 mg or 200/100 mg), or matching placebo. In children weighing > or = 30 kg, a higher dose of 400 mg (200/200 mg) was evaluated. Efficacy measures included the teacher-rated School Version and clinician-rated Home Version of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV and the parent-completed Conners' ADHD/DSM-IV Scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  223 children completed the study. Those who received modafinil 300 mg once daily showed a significantly greater improvement (change from baseline) than those who received placebo in symptoms of ADHD across all rating scales and subscales (all p < .05). Divided 300-mg doses of modafinil provided some significant but inconsistent improvements in ADHD symptoms. In children weighing > or = 30 kg, modafinil 400 mg (200/200 mg) was significantly superior to placebo on clinician- and parent-completed scales (all p < .05). Insomnia was the only adverse event to occur with significantly greater frequency in a modafinil group (200/100) than in the placebo group (14% vs. 2%) (p = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modafinil significantly improved ADHD symptoms in children. Once-daily dosing (300 mg) provided the most consistent improvement in symptoms. All dosing regimens of modafinil were well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA. jbiederman@partners.org
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Sharon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wigal
authors.forename: Samuel W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Boellner
authors.forename: Craig Q
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Earl
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Lopez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001835:Body Weight; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000077408:Modafinil; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D010919:Placebos; D000077408:Modafinil