title: Supercritical carbon dioxide extract exhibits enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Physalis peruviana.
abstract: Physalis peruviana L. (PP) is a medicinal herb widely used in folk medicine. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) method was employed to obtain three different PP extracts, namely SCEPP-0, SCEPP-4 and SCEPP-5. The total flavonoid and phenol concentrations, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these extracts were analyzed and compared with aqueous and ethanolic PP extracts. Among all the extracts tested, SCEPP-5 demonstrated the highest total flavonoid (234.63+/-9.61 mg/g) and phenol (90.80+/-2.21 mg/g) contents. At concentrations 0.1-30 microg/ml, SCEPP-5 also demonstrated the strongest superoxide anion scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect. At 30 microg/ml, SCEPP-5 significantly prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 microg/ml)-induced cell cytotoxicity in murine macrophage (Raw 264.7) cells. At 10-50 microg/ml, it also significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO release and PGE2 formation in a dose-dependent pattern. SCEPP-5 at 30 microg/ml remarkably blocked the LPS induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Taken together, these results suggest that SCEPP-5, an extract of SFE-CO2, displayed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to other extracts. Its protection against LPS-induced inflammation could be through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D019800:Phenol / Q000378:metabolism; D032321:Physalis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019800:Phenol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D015232:Dinoprostone