title: Propofol metabolism is enhanced after repetitive ketamine administration in rats: the role of cytochrome P-450 2B induction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a series of ex vivo and in vivo studies we investigated the ability of repetitive ketamine administration to alter the metabolism and anaesthetic effect of propofol and the role of ketamine-mediated P-450 2B induction in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were pretreated with 80 mg kg(-1) ketamine i.p. twice daily for 4 days. Pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylation (PROD), P-450 2B protein and mRNA were determined. Residual propofol concentration was measured after incubating hepatic microsomes with 100 muM propofol. Sleeping times induced by i.p. 80 mg kg(-1) propofol were determined. Orphenadrine, a P-450 2B inhibitor, was added in both ex vivo and in vivo studies. Finally, serial whole blood propofol concentrations were determined after i.v. infusion of 15 mg kg(-1) propofol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ketamine pretreatment produced 5.4-, 3.4- and 1.7-fold increases in hepatic PROD activity, P-450 2B protein and mRNA, respectively. Residual propofol concentration was 46% lower after incubation with microsomes from ketamine-pretreated rats than in the control group. The addition of orphenadrine to ketamine-pretreated microsomes produced an increase in residual propofol concentration in a concentration-dependent manner. Ketamine pretreatment reduced propofol sleeping time to 12% of the control, which was reversed by orphenadrine. The whole blood propofol concentration in ketamine-pretreated rats was significantly lower than that of control rats at 1, 2, 4 and 8 min after cessation of propofol infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repetitive ketamine administration enhances propofol metabolism and reduces propofol sleeping time in rats. We suggest that P-450 2B induction may produce ketamine-propofol interaction in anaesthetic practice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: T-L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R-M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: W-Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: T-H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ueng
mesh_terms: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009966:Orphenadrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007649:Ketamine; D009966:Orphenadrine; D013250:Steroid Hydroxylases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; C025619:steroid 16-beta-hydroxylase; D015742:Propofol