title: Microvessel density and p53 in detecting cervical cancer by FDG PET in cases of suspected recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cervical cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. About one-third of patients experience recurrent disease. A better chance of survival might be achieved by the early detection of recurrent cervical cancer. [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET could be a promising imaging modality for this purpose, given that FDG PET has high diagnostic efficacy. Ideally, pre-selection of patients should be performed before considering FDG PET. The purpose of this study was to investigate parameters of primary cervical cancer associated with recurrence as a basis for pre-selection of patients in whom FDG PET should be performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight cervical cancer patients, clinically suspected of having recurrent disease, underwent FDG PET. Tissue from primary tumours and nine histologically confirmed metastases was analysed for biomarkers possibly related to glucose metabolism and prognosis (vascular endothelial growth factor, CD31 for microvessel density, glucose transporter-1, hexokinases I, II and III, Ki67, p53, hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha, and degree of infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on clinical outcome, sensitivity and specificity of FDG PET were 96% and 100%, respectively. Cox regression revealed microvessel density and p53 (tumour suppressor protein) to be the two most important biomarkers for prediction of recurrence (hazard ratios 2.54 and 2.28, respectively). By combining these two biomarkers in a parallel test, sensitivity and specificity in predicting recurrence were 87% and 71%, respectively. Leave-one-out cross-validation demonstrated predictive validity of a model based on microvessel density and p53.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this first study of its kind, we have demonstrated that microvessel density and p53 profiles could be important in pre-selecting cervical cancer patients for detection of recurrence by FDG PET.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Astrid A M
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van der Veldt
authors.forename: Lotty
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hooft
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Diest
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berkhof
authors.forename: Marrije R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Buist
authors.forename: Emile F I
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Comans
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Carla F M
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Molthoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D055806:Microvessels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012008:Recurrence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18