title: Acute normovolemic hemodilution in moderate blood loss surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusion are increasingly recognized. More blood is cross-matched for moderate blood loss surgery than any other indication. The role of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) as a blood transfusion strategy was evaluated in a prospective randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 155 patients undergoing elective hip surgery were randomly assigned to either "ANH" (n = 78) or "standard transfusion" (n = 77). ANH on induction of anesthesia was to a target hemoglobin (Hb) level of 110 g per L with return of autologous blood on wound closure. Allogeneic blood was prescribed by an objective transfusion trigger based on an Hb level of less than 80 g per L. Transfusion requirements and postoperative complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allogeneic transfusion was necessary in 22 (29%) standard transfusion patients and 15 (19%) ANH (odds ratio [OR], 0.6; 95% CI, 0.28-1.3; p = 0.23) with 63 and 33 units transfused, respectively (p = 0.1). Significant postoperative complications occurred in 30 (38%) standard transfusion patients compared with 14 (18%) of those randomly assigned to ANH (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.14-0.65; p = 0.009). The major difference between the groups was the frequency of infective complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite modest allogeneic transfusion requirements in hip surgery, ANH reduced postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Academic Surgery Unit, South Manchester University Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torella
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCollum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D001810:Blood Volume; D005260:Female; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000379:methods*; D006615:Hip / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control