title: Haemostasis, inflammation and renal function following exercise in patients with intermittent claudication on statin and aspirin therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested that exercise in patients with intermittent claudication (IC) may induce a systemic thrombo-inflammatory response. The effect of secondary prevention therapy on this response is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on markers of coagulation activation, inflammation and renal function in patients with IC, receiving aspirin and statin therapy compared to healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were taken before, immediately and 1 hour after exercising on a treadmill in 20 patients with IC and 20 healthy volunteers. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), thrombin-anti-thrombin complex (TAT) and fibrin D-dimer were measured by ELISA. High sensitivity CRP (HsCRP) and urinary albumin were measured via a nephelometric technique, urinary protein via a turbidometric assay and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) via a colorimetric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated baseline levels of Hs-CRP, IL-6, white cell counts, D-dimer and urinary NAG occurred in patients with IC compared to volunteers (p > 0.05). Following exercise there was no increase in Hs CRP or IL-6. D-dimer levels significantly increased following exercise in the patients and volunteers. TAT levels increased immediately after exercise in the patient group only and were significantly increased at 1 hour in both patients and volunteers. A transient rise in the protein creatinine ratio occurred in both groups (p < 0.007), and in albumin creatinine ratio in the patient group. There was no change in urinary NAG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated markers of inflammation occurred in patients with IC on statin and aspirin therapy but these did not increase following exercise. However, acute exercise resulted in a prothrombotic state evident in both groups, although this was more prolonged in patient with IC. The clinical significance of these findings in patients who are known to be at an increased risk of cardiac and other thrombotic event are unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Aberdeen, UK. paddycollins@btopenworld.com
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Isobel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Croal
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.forename: Ewan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macaulay
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brittenden