title: Obesity is associated with a slower response to initial phenprocoumon therapy whereas CYP2C9 genotypes are not.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Initiation of phenprocoumon therapy is associated with a variable individual response. The CYP2C9 genotype has been shown to influence the response to warfarin therapy, but such an effect on phenprocoumon therapy remains uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred sixty hospital patients started on phenprocoumon were recruited for this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, dietary habits, comorbidity, and comedication were initially assessed. A 5' exonuclease assay (TaqManR) was used to analyze the presence of five polymorphisms of the CYP2C9 gene in each of the study patients. Study endpoints included the time necessary to achieve the international normalized ratio (INR) target (INR >2) and the total drug amount required to attain target INR. For 250 of 260 patients, the subsequent required daily maintenance dose of phenprocoumon was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the necessary time and total dose required to attain target INR correlated significantly with BMI. The leaner the patient, the shorter the required time interval [BMI <22 (n=31), 5.48+/-2.49 days; BMI 22-25 (n=70), 6.09+/-2.40; BMI 25-30 (n=113), 6.76+/-3.61; BMI >30 (n=46), 8.50+/-5.75; p=0.001] and the lower the required dosage until the therapeutic range was achieved [BMI <22 (n=31), 23.8+/-12.1 mg; BMI 22-25 (n=70), 25.9+/-11.4 mg; BMI 25-30 (n=113), 29.6+/-25.2; BMI >30 (n=46), 35.8+/-19.7; p=0.027]. Overweight and waist circumference as a surrogate marker for abdominal fat were also associated significantly with these two parameters. Moreover, obesity was associated with a lower body-weight-adjusted maintenance dosage. All CYP2C9 genotypes that were tested failed to reveal an association with individual response variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient obesity appears to directly correspond to the amount of phenprocoumon required during initiation of therapy. The CYP2C9 genotype was not shown to influence the necessary therapeutic dosage.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Intermediate Care, University Hospital of Aachen, RWTH Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany. jrortlepp@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Cordula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer zu Schwabedissen
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mevissen
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woodruff
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Langebartels
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rau
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zerres
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Jan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ortlepp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010644:Phenprocoumon / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014812:Vitamin K; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D010644:Phenprocoumon