title: Immunohistochemical evidence of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine in a case of clinically isolated optic neuritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optic neuritis (ON) is a demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve that may occur as an isolated disease or related to multiple sclerosis (MS). There is little evidence of whether the immunohistochemistry of ON resembles that of typical cerebral MS lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathologic optic nerves were obtained from a patient who died of causes unrelated to ON after clinical recovery from clinically isolated ON. Normal control optic nerves were obtained from an eye bank. Normal and pathologic tissues were probed with antibodies to pathologic proteins including myelin basic protein (MBP) fragment, the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), macrophage markers CD14 and CD64, nitrotyrosine, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2). We also examined MBP, the oligodendrocyte marker cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNPase), and glial fibrillary acidic protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the affected pathologic nerve, iNOS-positive macrophages/microglia, iNOS-positive astrocytes, COX-2, and nitrotyrosine were observed. iNOS and COX-2 were occasionally observed in the unaffected nerve. Decreased expression of MBP and CNPase was seen in the pathologic optic nerves, along with evidence of gliosis and ongoing myelin degradation indicated by the presence of MBP fragment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunohistochemistry of clinically isolated optic neuritis, as judged by this single case, resembles that of cerebral lesions of MS in showing abnormally high levels of iNOS and nitrotyrosine as well as other mediators of immune damage.
authors.affiliation: Neurovirology Research Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah 84148, USA.
authors.forename: Veda L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Tsoi
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Noel G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Judith E A
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2