title: Continuous immobilized yeast reactor system for complete beer fermentation using spent grains and corncobs as carrier materials.
abstract: Despite extensive research carried out in the last few decades, continuous beer fermentation has not yet managed to outperform the traditional batch technology. An industrial breakthrough in favour of continuous brewing using immobilized yeast could be expected only on achievement of the following process characteristics: simple design, low investment costs, flexible operation, effective process control and good product quality. The application of cheap carrier materials of by-product origin could significantly lower the investment costs of continuous fermentation systems. This work deals with a complete continuous beer fermentation system consisting of a main fermentation reactor (gas-lift) and a maturation reactor (packed-bed) containing yeast immobilized on spent grains and corncobs, respectively. The suitability of cheap carrier materials for long-term continuous brewing was proved. It was found that by fine tuning of process parameters (residence time, aeration) it was possible to adjust the flavour profile of the final product. Consumers considered the continuously fermented beer to be of a regular quality. Analytical and sensorial profiles of both continuously and batch fermented beers were compared.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brányik
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: António A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Radek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.forename: João B Almeida
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: e Silva
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dostálek
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D001515:Beer; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000254:growth & development*