title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in prone position: a simplified method for outpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is vital for saving lives of victims with sudden cardiac arrest. In 1960, Kuowenhoven and colleagues proposed the method that has become standard for CPR. Despite vast input of resources for public education and training of this procedure, its success rate outside hospitals remains poor to dismal. During CPR, restoration of respiration is as important as circulation. But opening the airway and giving effective mouth-to-mouth respiration is difficult for lay people to learn. Furthermore, most bystanders are reluctant to do mouth-to-mouth respiration because of the risk of infection. Therefore, the general population needs a more simplified CPR method for outpatients. The practice of CPR in the prone position, first proposed by McNeil in 1989, has not been adopted, despite the fact that it meets the desirable requirements of ideal resuscitation: simultaneous restoration of circulation and respiration with a very simple maneuver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Part 1 (circulation test): Eleven patients who expired in the intensive care unit (ICU), with arterial lines attached, received standard pre-cordial cardiac massage, and the generated blood pressure (BP) was recorded. They were then turned to the prone position, with the head turned to one side. We compressed the patient's thoracic spine with the same force used in standard CPR (rhythm of approximately 60 per minute each time when the back bounces back), and the BP was also recorded. Part 2 (ventilation test): Ten healthy volunteers (5 doctors and 5 nurses) were enlisted for respiratory assessment during compression on the back. With the nose clipped and spontaneous breathing held, the volunteer's exhaled tidal volume upon compression was measured with a spirometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standard external cardiac massage of the cadavers generated BPs of 55 +/- 20/13 +/- 7 mmHg; however, external compression on the back of the cadavers generated higher BP of 79 +/- 20/17 +/- 10 mmHg (p = 0.028, Wilcoxon signed-rank analysis). External compression on the back of the volunteers generated mean tidal volumes of 399 +/- 110 mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed that prone CPR provides good respiratory and circulatory support at the same time. It is easy to perform and it may be a good alternative way for bystanders to perform CPR in public surroundings. We recommend that more investigators do further studies on this topic.
authors.affiliation: Heart Centre, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. chghjw@yahoo.com.tw
authors.forename: Jeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Sung-How
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.forename: Shing-Van
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yi-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chung-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D008875:Middle Aged; D016684:Prone Position