title: Socioeconomic circumstances in childhood and blood pressure in adulthood: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prospective evidence suggests an inverse association between socioeconomic circumstances in childhood and adolescence and blood pressure (BP) in adulthood, but uncertainty remains about whether this association is confounded by risk factors acting in utero, early infancy, and adulthood. The authors investigated this question in a population-based cohort of 2270 Finnish children and adolescents aged 3 to 18 years at study entry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about early socioeconomic circumstances, birth weight, and breast-feeding were requested from participants or their mothers in 1980 and 1983. Adulthood socioeconomic position, lifestyle factors, and systolic BP were measured at ages 24 to 39 years in 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a graded association between lower parental socioeconomic position in childhood and adolescence and higher systolic BP in adulthood for men and women in different birth cohorts and across different socioeconomic indicators. This association was independent of adulthood socioeconomic position. Adjustment for risk factors, including birth weight, breast-feeding, adult body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption, had little effect on the association between parental socioeconomic position and systolic BP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early socioeconomic disadvantage seems to carry a long-lasting harmful effect on BP that is not counteracted by risk profiles in later life.
authors.affiliation: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Heisinki, Finland. mika.kivimaki@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: George Davey
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elovainio
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulkki
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keltikangas-Järvinen
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Talttonen
authors.forename: Olli T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: Jorma S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors