title: Long-term skeletal and soft-tissue responses after advancement genioplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objectives of this cephalometric study were to assess the skeletal stability of advancement genioplasty 3 years after surgery and to evaluate the predictability of soft-tissue changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects comprised 21 consecutive patients who had no additional orthognathic surgical procedures. Lateral cephalograms were taken at 5 times: immediately preoperative, immediately postoperative, 6 months postoperative, and 1 and 3 years postoperative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean surgical advancement at pogonion was 8.4 mm. Three years after surgery, mean relapse at pogonion was 8% of the surgical advancement. Part of this change was most likely due to bone remodeling. No patient demonstrated a clinically significant postoperative change at pogonion. The soft tissue of the chin was found to follow bony movement in a ratio of 0.9:1. Great individual variability was observed. The mentolabial fold depth increased as a result of the treatment. Effects of advancement genioplasty on the lips were small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A prediction ratio based on long-term skeletal changes is likely to generate an estimate that is more appropriate to present to the patient.
authors.affiliation: Public orthodontic practice, Hokksund, Norway.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
authors.forename: Karim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mobarak
authors.forename: Hans Erik
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Høgevold
authors.forename: Lisen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espeland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001864:Bone Wires; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019248:Jaw Fixation Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome