title: The impact of chronic hepatitis C and comorbid psychiatric illnesses on health-related quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative impact of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and comorbid psychiatric illness on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Psychiatric conditions are more common among patients with CHC but their relative influence on HRQoL is not well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 864 veterans who had previously completed a veteran-specific HRQoL questionnaire (SF-36V) as part of the 1999 VA Large Health Survey with known HCV antibody (anti-HCV) status before the survey. For 201 anti-HCV(+) and 663 anti-HCV(-) patients, we compared the HRQoL status and the prevalence of 6 major psychiatric diagnoses. We conducted multiple regression analyses to measure the effect of anti-HCV status and psychiatric comorbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the anti-HCV(-) group, anti-HCV(+) veterans were more likely to have alcohol dependence (P<0.001), depression (P=0.01), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (P<0.004). The anti-HCV(+) group also reported lower HRQoL on 4 of the 8 SF-36V subscales (P<0.01) and the mental component summary scale (P<0.001). Even after adjusting for demographic variables and comorbid psychiatric illness, anti-HCV(+) patients reported a significantly lower mental component summary score (P<0.01) than did anti-HCV(-) patients. Multiple regression analysis found that depression and PTSD predicted lower HRQoL scores for all 8 HRQoL subscales (P<0.01) and both the physical (P<0.001) and mental component (P<0.03) summary scales independent of anti-HCV status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HRQoL is significantly impaired in veterans with CHC, particularly the mental health components of HRQoL. In contrast, comorbid depression and PTSD are associated with both lower physical and mental components of HRQol, independent of CHC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cronkite
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Ramsey C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014728:Veterans