title: Association between occupational asthenopia and psycho-physiological indicators of visual strain in workers using video display terminals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a body of scientific literature examining functional changes in vision due to video display terminals (VDTs). The aim of our study was to determine the relationship of functional visual strain and symptoms of asthenopia and to evaluate the association between subjective and objective indicators of visual strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred four office workers with and without involvement in VDT work were included in the study. To evaluate visual strain we used a questionnaire for subjective complaints, evaluated the main ophthalmologic indicators, and measured psycho-physiological indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire data showed that 88.5% of the VDT workers complained of various vision disorders. VDT workers who complained of worsened vision, redness of the eyes, eye pain, and diplopia during work were found to show more significant changes in the psycho-physiological indicators objectively reflecting strain of the vision analyzer. In the group of people with symptoms of asthenopia, the differences in the indicators of visual sensomotoric reaction, constancy of clear vision, and changes in the periods of clear and unclear vision were statistically reliably greater than in people without symptoms of visual strain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The subjective perception of visual strain related to VDT work was confirmed by ophthalmologic and psycho-physiological measurements. Changes in ocular and psycho-physiological function before and at the end of the workday are a good objective index of visual and central nervous system strain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas Medical University Hospital, Lithuania. ruta.ustinaviciene@med.kmu.lt
authors.forename: Ruta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ustinaviciene
authors.forename: Vidmantas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Januskevicius
mesh_terms: D001248:Asthenopia / Q000523:psychology; D016288:Computer Terminals; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires