title: Atrial fibrillation signal organization predicts sinus rhythm maintenance in patients undergoing cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrical remodelling is believed to influence the outcome following cardioversion of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the results in clinical studies are conflicting. We assessed the hypothesis that non-invasively obtained atrial fibrillatory organization can be used as a predictor of sinus rhythm (SR) maintenance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-four patients (37 men, age 67+/-11) with persistent AF (median duration 3 months, 1 day to 18 months), without anti-arrhythmic drug treatment, referred for cardioversion were studied. Assessment of the atrial harmonic decay was made by time-frequency analysis of the ECG. At 1-month follow-up, 30 patients had relapsed into AF. The mean harmonic decay at inclusion of those relapsing into AF was 1.5+/-0.3 compared with 1.1+/-0.3 among those maintaining SR (P=0.0004). Using a cut-off value of harmonic decay <or=1.5 to determine suitability for cardioversion would have resulted in a clinically useful discriminator (sensitivity=92%, specificity=47%, PPV=59%, and NPV=88%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that patients relapsing rapidly to AF have a higher harmonic decay than those maintaining SR. The degree of AF signal organization (harmonic decay) was a superior discriminator to other patient parameters. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and to determine the electrophysiological correlate of harmonic decay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. fredrik.holmqvist@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Holmqvist
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stridh
authors.forename: Johan E P
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Waktare
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roijer
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sörnmo
authors.forename: Pyotr G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Platonov
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Meurling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001146:Arrhythmia, Sinus / Q000503:physiopathology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000502:physiology*