title: Comparing the cost of nurse practitioners and GPs in primary care: modelling economic data from randomised trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of nurse practitioners in primary care has recently expanded. While there are some outcome data available for different types of consultations, little is known about the relative cost.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cost of primary care provided by nurse practitioners with that of salaried GPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synthesis, modelling, and analysis of published data from the perspective of general practices and the NHS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two published randomised controlled trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dataset of resource use for a simulated group of patients in a typical consultation was modelled. Current unit costs were used to obtain a consensus mean cost per consultation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean cost of a nurse practitioner consultation was estimated at 9.46 UK pounds (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.16 to 9.75 pounds) and for a GP was 9.30 UK pounds (95% CI = 9.04 to 9.56 pounds) according to salary and overheads, that is, from the perspective of general practices. From the NHS perspective, which included training costs, the estimated mean costs were 30.35 UK pounds (95% CI = 27.10 to 33.59 pounds) and 28.14 UK pounds (95% CI = 25.43 to 30.84 pounds) respectively. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the time spent by GPs contributing to nurse practitioners' consultations (including return visits) was an important factor in increasing costs associated with nurse practitioners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Employing a nurse practitioner in primary care is likely to cost much the same as employing a salaried GP according to currently available data. There is considerable variability of qualifications and experience of nurse practitioners, which suggests that skill-mix decisions should depend on the full range of roles and responsibilities rather than cost.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Primary Health Care, Department of Community Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Cotham Hill, Bristol BS6 6JL. s.p.hollinghurst@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hollinghurst
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horrocks
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salisbury
mesh_terms: D005194:Family Practice / Q000191:economics*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000191:economics*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000191:economics*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity