title: Pathogenesis of osteopenia/osteoporosis induced by highly active anti-retroviral therapy for AIDS.
abstract: The advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has dramatically decreased the rate of AIDS-related mortality and significantly extended the life span of patients with AIDS. A variety of metabolic side effects are associated with these therapies, one of which is metabolic bone disease. A higher prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy than in patients not on therapy has now been reported in several studies. Several factors have been demonstrated to influence HIV-associated decreases in bone mineral density (BMD), including administration of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). In this article, discussion will focus on the molecular pathogenesis and treatment of HAART-associated osteopenia and osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 701 19 Street S., LHR 504 Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ballinger
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology