title: Effects of music therapy on pain, discomfort, and depression for patients with leg fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of music therapy on pain, discomfort, and depression for patients with leg fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 40 patients admitted in an orthopedic surgery care unit. The subjects included 20 intervention group members and 20 control group members. Music therapy was offered to intervention group members once a day for 3 days for 30-60 minutes per day. Pain was measured with a numeric rating scale and by measuring vital signs. Discomfort and depression were measured with self-administered questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received music therapy had a lower degree of pain than patients who did not receive music therapy as measured by the numeric pain score (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001), pulse rate (p<0.001) and respiration (p<0.001). Patients who were provided with music therapy also had a lower degree of discomfort than patients who were not provided with this therapy (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that music therapy is an effective method for decreasing pain and dis-comfort for patients with leg fractures.
authors.affiliation: Dongsan Medical Center, Korea.
authors.forename: In Sook
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jungnam
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*