title: Comparing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HaCaT cells caused by 6-aminochrysene and 5,6-chrysenequinone under ultraviolet A irradiation.
abstract: Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are toxic environmental pollutants. The photoproducts of 6-aminochrysene (6AC) include 5,6-chrysenequinone (5,6-CQ) along with some minor products. In this study, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 6AC and 5,6-CQ to a human skin cell line, HaCaT, were measured with the fluorescein diacetate uptake (FDA) test and comet assay, respectively, in the presence or absence of ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. The FDA test result showed that HaCaT cell viability decreased dose dependently after exposure to UVA irradiation in both 6AC (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 microM) and 5,6-CQ (0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 25 microM) groups, with the 6AC group having lower cell viability at the same substrate concentrations; therefore, 6AC was more cytotoxic. Results of the comet assay showed that the extent of DNA damage was also dose dependent after the combined UVA and 6AC treatment (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 microM), although no DNA damage was detectable in the 6AC group without UVA irradiation. In addition, no DNA damage was found in the 5,6-CQ group with or without UVA irradiation. Our study indicated that 5,6-CQ, the major photoproduct of 6AC, was less photocytotoxic than the parent compound and was not photogenotoxic to HaCaT cells under the experimental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, P.O. Box 18540, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huey-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekunwe
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002911:Chrysenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D011809:Quinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: C515195:5,6-chrysenequinone; D002911:Chrysenes; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011809:Quinones; D004247:DNA; C100101:6-chrysenamine