Autoimmune pathogenesis in dengue virus infection.
The pathogenic mechanisms of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) caused by dengue virus (DV) infection remain unresolved. Patients with DHF/DSS are characterized by several manifestations, including severe thrombocytopenia, vascular leakage, and hepatomegaly. In addition to the effect of virus load and virus variation, abnormal immune responses of the host after DV infection may also account for the progression of DHF/DSS. Actually, viral autoimmunity is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus, human hepatitis C virus, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein- Barr virus, and DV. In this review, we discuss the implications of autoimmunity in dengue pathogenesis. Antibodies directed against DV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) showed cross-reactivity with human platelets and endothelial cells, which lead to platelet and endothelial cell damage and inflammatory activation. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that anti-DV NS1 is involved in the pathogenesis of DF and DHF/DSS, and this may provide important information in dengue vaccine development.
Lin
Chiou-Feng
CF
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
Wan
Shu-Wen
SW
Cheng
Hsien-Jen
HJ
Lei
Huan-Yao
HY
Lin
Yee-Shin
YS
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003715:Dengue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019595:Severe Dengue / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C082515:NS1 protein, dengue-1 virus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins