title: Effect of bodychecking on injury rates among minor ice hockey players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2002, Hockey Canada changed the age classifications for minor ice hockey. Previously, 10- and 11-year-old children played at the Atom level (no bodychecking), and 12- and 13-year-old children played at the Peewee level (bodychecking allowed). After the policy change, 11-year-old players were placed in the Peewee division with 12-year-old players; the Atom division included 9- and 10-year-old players. The objective of this study was to examine the effect that the policy change had on injuries to 11-year-old players and compare this information with injury trends among 10- and 12-year-old players.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study location was the Capital Health region, which serves the greater Edmonton area in Alberta. Capital Health maintains a database of all emergency department visits in the region. A search of the database identified 10-, 11- and 12-year-old players admitted to 7 emergency departments with hockey-related injuries during the 2 years before and the 2 years after the policy change. We also conducted a chart review for the 11-year-old players, extracting detailed information on the nature and circumstances of their injuries for the same period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of injuries sustained by 11-year-old children playing at the Peewee level (with bodychecking) increased significantly compared with the rate among 11-year-old players at the Atom level (rate ratio [RR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-2.4). The rate of severe injuries was more than 2 times greater among 11-year-old Peewee players than among 11-year-old Atom players (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.6-3.6). Injury rates among the 10-year-old players (bodychecking never allowed) and the 12-year-old players (bodychecking always allowed) changed little over the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of bodychecking to 11-year-old players was associated with a large increase in injury rates. From a public health perspective, the age at which bodychecking is introduced in minor hockey should be raised.
authors.affiliation: Capital Health, Edmonton, Alta.
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hagel
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marko
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dryden
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Couperthwaite
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sommerfeldt
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D016134:Organizational Policy