title: Molecular effects of fermented papaya preparation on oxidative damage, MAP Kinase activation and modulation of the benzo[a]pyrene mediated genotoxicity.
abstract: The involvement of oxidative and nitrosative stress mechanisms in several biological and pathological processes including aging, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases has continued to fuel suggestions that processes can potentially be modulated by treatment with free-radical scavengers and antioxidant. The fermented papaya preparation (FPP) derived from Carica papaya Linn was investigated for its ability to modulate oxidative DNA damage due to H2O2 in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and protection of brain oxidative damage in hypertensive rats. Cells pre-treated with FPP (50 microg/ml) prior to incubation with H2O2 had significantly increased viability and sustenance of morphology and shape. The human hepatoma (HepG2) cells exposed to H2O2 (50 microM) showed an olive tail moment of 10.56 +/- 1.44 compared to 1.37 +/- 0.29 of the solvent control. A significant reduction (P < or = 0.05) of DNA damage was observed at concentrations > or = 10 microg/ml FPP, with 50 microg/ml FPP reducing the genotoxic effect of H2O2 by about 1.5-fold compared to only H2O2 exposed cells.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, UK. aruomaoi@lsbu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Okezie I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Aruoma
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colognato
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gartlon
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Migliore
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coecke
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lamy
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mersch-Sundermann
authors.forename: Incoronata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laurenza
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benzi
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Kyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masaichi-Chang-Il
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D029441:Carica / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020552:Comet Assay; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016716:PC12 Cells; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; C109806:MCPROXYL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013113:Spin Labels; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases