title: Feasibility and limitations of endovascular coil embolization of anterior communicating artery aneurysms: morphological considerations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to analyze anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysm morphology and its relationship to the limitations and feasibility of endovascular coil embolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-three patients were treated with endovascular coil embolization for AComA aneurysms. Aneurysm morphology was classified into six categories according to the projection of the aneurysm (anterior, posterior/superior, or inferior) and neck size (< 4 mm or >or= 4 mm). The following categories were used: Class A1, anterior projection and neck of aneurysm less than 4 mm; Class A2, anterior projection and neck of aneurysm 4 mm or more; Class B1, posterior (superior) projection and neck of aneurysm less than 4 mm; Class B2, posterior (superior) projection and neck of aneurysm 4 mm or more; Class C1, inferior projection and neck of aneurysm less than 4 mm; and Class C2, inferior projection and neck of aneurysm 4 mm or more. Endovascular procedures were categorized as either successful or unsuccessful according to specific criteria. In addition, patients were followed for recanalization. Clinical follow-up data was obtained at discharge and after 6 months and was classified according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete or near complete aneurysm occlusion was observed in 108 (88%) patients, partial embolization was performed in three (2.4%) patients, and embolization was attempted in 12 (9.7%) patients. Successful embolization for AComA aneurysms was performed in 86 out of 123 (70%) patients or 77.5% (86 out of 111 patients) of those patients in whom embolization was possible. Statistical analysis demonstrated that anterior projecting aneurysms were more likely to be successfully coiled than either inferior or posterior/superior directed AComA aneurysms. In addition, inferiorly projecting AComA aneurysms and wide-neck aneurysms had a significantly higher rate of recanalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular coil embolization of AComA aneurysms shows good outcome in our study. Despite advanced modern techniques, there are limitations in the endovascular approach to AComA aneurysms. Consideration of aneurysm morphology may be used to guide approaches in the treatment of AComA aneurysms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Birknes
authors.forename: Sung-Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Aditya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cockroft
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Veznedaroglu
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rosenwasser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome