title: Lack of association between the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-1-infected South African children.
abstract: We investigated the nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in 355 children hospitalized with severe pneumonia. Of the children, 239 (67.3%) were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 positive; 169 (47.6%) carried S. pneumoniae, 91 (25.6%) carried S. aureus, and 33 (9.3%) carried both. S. pneumoniae carriage was not related to HIV-1 status. The HIV-1-positive children had a significantly higher rate of S. aureus carriage than did the HIV-1-negative children (31.4% vs. 13.8%; P<.001). The rate of S. aureus carriage in the HIV-1-negative S. pneumoniae carriers was significantly lower than that in the noncarriers (5.5% vs. 21.3%; P=.013), but the rate of S. aureus carriage in the HIV-1-positive S. pneumoniae carriers was not significantly lower than that in the noncarriers (26.3% vs. 36.0%; P=.11). We did not find a negative association between S. pneumoniae and S. aureus carriage in HIV-1-positive hospitalized children with severe pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Centre for International Child Health, Institute of Child Health, University College, London, United Kingdom. lisa.m.mc-nally@gskbio.com
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.forename: Prakash M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jeena
authors.forename: Kavitha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gajee
authors.forename: A Willem
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tomkins
authors.forename: Hoosen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Coovadia
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D013019:South Africa; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*