title: Dermatological effects of chronic exposure to 7,12-dimethylbenz[A]anthracene (DMBA) or N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether chronic exposure to DMBA or MNNG in combination with or without UVB exposure would induce skin carcinomas in swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight gilts were exposed to 100 mJ of UVB in their left side, allowed to recuperate, and divided into two groups. Each gilt received identical high doses (DMBA 50 microM; MNNG 250 mM), low doses (DMBA 500 nM; MNNG 2.5 mM), carrier (DMSO), or nothing added treatments in the UVB and non-UVB sides. Animals were exposed weekly for 30 weeks and skin samples collected at 10, 20, and 30 weeks from initiation of exposure. An additional sample was collected 16 weeks following cessation of exposure. All samples were scored for dermal morphology, including intracellular epidermal edema, intercellular epidermal edema, papillary dermal edema, perivascular infiltrates, pyknotic stratum basale cells, collagen necrosis, and epidermal-dermal separation, and the data were analyzed by ANOVA. MNNG and UVB light had a significant effect on epidermal thickness and the number of cell layers. The greatest increase in epidermal thickness occurred from 20 weeks to 30 weeks in the UVB plus MNNG treatment. Treatment with MNNG resulted in intracellular and intercellular epidermal edema, dermal edema, and dermal inflammation at both the low and high doses of MNNG. In contrast, all the morphological evaluations of the DMBA treatments were less severe than the MNNG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that although chronic exposure to MNNG and DMBA, with or without UVB exposure, caused severe to mild dermatopathological changes, neither resulted in the development of skin carcinomas. These results indicate that at least with respect to responses to DMBA and MNNG, the swine model mimics more closely the responses seen in human skin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Chemical Toxicology and Research Pharmacokinetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Monteiro-Riviere
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inman
authors.forename: Vickie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hedgpeth
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mosteller
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piedrahita
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D005260:Female; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013552:Swine; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene