title: Pigment pattern formation in the quail mutant of the silkworm, Bombyx mori: parallel increase of pteridine biosynthesis and pigmentation of melanin and ommochromes.
abstract: The larval pigment pattern in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is formed by melanin, ommochromes and pteridines. During development all these pigments are synthesized autonomously, and possibly also with mutual interaction between them, to yield unique pigment patterns. In order to find the key trigger for such pigment pattern formation, developmental changes in pteridine biosynthesis were studied using the quail mutant (q/q), which has darker larval marks formed by melanin and an abundance of ommochromes in the integument. In the current study, emphasis has been placed on the analysis of GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GTP-CH I), which is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of pteridines, during the development of the silkworm. Results of Northern blotting showed that in the quail mutant strong signals of GTP-CH I mRNA appeared around each period of ecdysis, while no such signals appeared in the background strain (+q/q) used. Also, both GTP-CH I activities and pteridine content were higher in the quail mutant compared with the background strain. These results strongly suggest that pteridine biosynthesis is closely linked to the formation of melanin and ommochromes. It is also suggested here that in the silkworm a recessive gene (q) may be involved in the regulation of its pigment pattern formation.
authors.affiliation: Biological Laboratory, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mase
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagoshi
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D012831:Bombyx / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase / Q000378:metabolism; D034582:Integumentary System; D007814:Larva / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010640:Phenothiazines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010858:Pigmentation; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011621:Pteridines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D010640:Phenothiazines; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D011621:Pteridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C002772:ommochrome; C026615:villin; D001708:Biopterins; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C022630:sepiapterin reductase; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase; C003402:sapropterin