title: Evidence for respiratory and nonrespiratory subtypes in panic disorder.
abstract: Recently researchers have posited a "respiratory" subtype of panic disorder (PD), which differs from "nonrespiratory" subtypes in phenomenology and perhaps treatment response. This study was designed to further examine evidence for the existence of a respiratory subtype in PD. Individuals with PD with prominent respiratory symptoms (PD-R; n=10) and without prominent respiratory symptoms (PD-NR; n=23), as well as healthy controls (n=27), underwent a standardized 5% CO(2) rebreathing challenge. Ventilatory response and subjective sensation of suffocation were continuously recorded. The PD-R group exhibited greater subjective suffocation levels, rates of respiration, and propensity to terminate the procedure voluntarily than did the other two groups, which in turn did not differ on these measures. Findings are consistent with the existence of a respiratory subtype of PD, which differs from nonrespiratory subtypes in CO(2) sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA. kabrams2@richmond.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rassovsky
authors.forename: Matt G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kushner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000523:psychology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000523:psychology; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide