title: Clinical, cytogenetic and hormonal findings in a stallion with hypospadias--a case report.
abstract: This case report describes a three-year-old Friesian stallion with hypospadias. Physical examination revealed a ventrocaudal deviation of the shaft of the penis and an incomplete glans penis. The urethral opening was 4 cm in length, slit-like and had a mucous membrane covering. A short fold ran from the ventral aspect of the anus and ended with a non-pigmented hairless area of skin. A human choriongonadotropin (hCG)-stimulation test resulted in an increase in the plasma levels of estrogen sulfate and testosterone, indistinguishable from that of a normal stallion. The karyogram had a normal number of chromosomes at 2n=64. The stallion was castrated, and histological evaluation of the testicular tissue was unremarkable. In contrast to other animal species and human beings, hypospadias is a rare congenital abnormality in stallions, the cause of which could not be elucidated in our patient.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. ubleul@vetclinics.unizh.ch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bleul
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Theiss
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rütten
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kähn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D007621:Karyotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome