title: Ephedrine-caffeine mixture in wet-cold stress.
abstract: Our investigations were aimed at studying the possibility of enhancement of homeostatic processes protecting against excessive body cooling by using thermogenic drugs. We studied the influence of ephedrine (1 mg/kg) and caffeine (2.5 mg/kg) mixture in males immersed in cold water (12 degrees C) on core temperature and plasma catecholamines, cortisol, energy substrates and chosen cognitive functions in subjects without or after previous submission to short cold acclimation procedure by five repeated brief cold-water immersions. The tested drugs did not significantly influence core temperature during immersion both in acclimated and non-acclimated subjects, however, they enhanced metabolic response. There were observed faster mobilization and higher increase in energy substrates, more pronounced in acclimated subjects (free fatty acids, glucose). Tested drugs slightly improved some psychosomatic reactions. Although the results of our study suggest that a single application of ephedrine-caffeine mixture might probably support physiological mechanisms protecting against excessive body cooling when used in people in wet-cold conditions, further research is needed to confirm the clinical significance.
authors.affiliation: Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kozielska 4, PL 01-163 Warsaw, Poland. mkowalczyk@future-net.pl
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalczyk
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antkowiak
authors.forename: Oktawiusz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Antkowiak
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brytan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zdanowski
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kłos
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frankiewicz-Jóźko
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001831:Body Temperature; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time; D012007:Rectum; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D002110:Caffeine; D004809:Ephedrine; D005990:Glycerol; D006854:Hydrocortisone