title: Partial purification from hot dogs of N-nitroso compound precursors and their mutagenicity after nitrosation.
abstract: Hot dogs contain apparent N-nitroso compounds (ANC) and ANC precursors (ANCP). ANCP purification was followed by nitrosation, sulfamic acid treatment, and analysis for ANC. Aqueous hot dog extracts were adsorbed on silica gel, which was eluted with MeCN and MeOH. The MeOH eluate was adsorbed on cation exchange resin (H+ form) and eluted with NH4OH. Eluted ANCP traveled at moderate speeds in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on amino and Pb2+ columns. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of crude water extract indicated the presence of glycerol, phosphate, lactic acid, and two monosaccharides. GC-MS of TMS derivatives of Pb2+ column HPLC eluates indicated that ANCP included 1-deoxy-N-1-glucosyl glycine. The nitrosated NH4OH eluate showed 4x background mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhimurium TA-100. Un-nitrosated fractions showed 2x background activity. Although tryptophan nitrosation gave 88% ANC yield, tryptophan is probably not a major ANCP in hot dogs. Hot dog patties prepared with or without sucrose or glucose showed similar ANC and ANCP levels. We discuss possible implications of these findings for the etiology of colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haorah
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perini
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Carmella
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
authors.forename: Sidney S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mirvish
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015538:Nitrosation; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D009153:Mutagens; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D013395:Sucrose; D005947:Glucose