title: Transparent endoscopic sheath and rigid-rod endoscope used in endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus in the presence of deformed ventricular anatomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been widely performed for the treatment of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. In cases of hydrocephalus in conjunction with deformed and complex ventricular anatomy, it is preferable to use a rigid-rod endoscope for ETV, because the excellent visibility provided by this instrument yields a smooth and correct orientation in the ventricle. The authors report on ETV procedures in which they used a transparent endoscopic sheath that has a common channel in which a rigid-rod endoscope and an instrument can be inserted.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 15 cases of noncommunicating hydrocephalus, a transparent endoscopic sheath and a rigid endoscope were used for ETV. In 11 of the 15 patients, the diameter of the foramen of Monro and the width of the third ventricle were greater than 5 mm, and thus a transparent endoscopic sheath and a rigid endoscope could be smoothly introduced through the foramen of Monro and an ETV successfully performed. Four patients had congenital or acquired narrowing of the foramen of Monro and an anatomically deformed ventricular system. In three of the patients, opening of the narrowed foramen and an ETV were successfully performed using the transparent endoscopic sheath under direct visualization through the rigid-rod endoscope.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A transparent endoscopic sheath increases safety by offering a corridor to the third ventricle. It also provides excellent visibility without troublesome bleeding from tissues surrounding the foramen of Monro during endoscopic procedures in which a rigid endoscope is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan. nakamasa@iwa.att.ne.jp
authors.forename: Nakamasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Kunikazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurimoto
authors.forename: Shunro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002535:Cerebral Aqueduct / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019723:Endoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000295:instrumentation*