title: Therapeutic DNA vaccines against tuberculosis: a promising but arduous task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review recent developments in therapeutic DNA vaccines against tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data used in this review were obtained mainly from the studies of therapeutic DNA vaccines against tuberculosis reported from 2000 to 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant articles about studies of therapeutic DNA vaccines against tuberculosis were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were mainly extracted from the 32 articles listed in the reference section of this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some DNA vaccines which previously showed to induce protective immunity against infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a prophylactic manner are also surprisingly effective when used therapeutically, including persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis which are refractory to immune system and antibacterial chemotherapy alone. When used in combination with antibacterial drugs, therapeutic DNA vaccines could effectively eliminate residual bacteria in infected animals and shorten the therapy course of conventional chemotherapy. Detailed studies demonstrated that therapeutic effects of DNA vaccines may at least partly be due to the restoration of the Th(1)/Th(2) balance. Some problems have also emerged along with these exciting results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therapeutic DNA vaccine is a promising strategy against tuberculosis, however developing an ideal DNA vaccine for therapy of tuberculosis will require further development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China.
authors.forename: Jun-ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dao-yin
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000628:therapy*; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA