title: Quantitative assessment of glenohumeral translation after anterior shoulder dislocation and subsequent arthroscopic bankart repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the past decade, developments in arthroscopic technology have made arthroscopic repair of labral lesions feasible. However, results with the use of the transglenoid suture technique, or with the use of bioabsorbable tacks, have remained variable in the literature, and the recurrence rates are still inferior to those of open Bankart repair.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors can re-create translational and rotational range of motion of the intact glenohumeral joint, and the number of preoperative dislocations has an influence on the result.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve cadaveric shoulders were tested in a robot-assisted shoulder simulator. Anterior and posterior translation and external rotation were measured for intact, dislocated (shoulders were randomly selected to 1 of 3 groups, which were dislocated 1, 3, or 7 times), and repaired conditions at 0 degrees and 90 degrees of glenohumeral elevation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After shoulder dislocation, a significant increase was found in translation and rotation, confirming the creation of a traumatic shoulder instability model. Further testing of the specimen revealed that translational and rotational ranges of motion were reduced by arthroscopic Bankart repair at both testing positions. External rotation was decreased significantly at 0 degrees and 90 degrees of abduction. No significant differences were found between the 3 dislocation groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate a sufficient biomechanical performance of arthroscopic Bankart repair using suture anchors in a traumatic anterior shoulder instability model. With the numbers available, no relationship was found between the number of dislocations and the postoperative result concerning translational or rotational motion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glenohumeral translation and rotation after arthroscopic Bankart repair with use of suture anchors approached near normal values, confirming the clinical success of this technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Strasse 33, 48149 Münster, Germany. bjoern.marquardt@t-online.de
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurschler
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneppendahl
authors.forename: Kai-Axel
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pötzl
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinbeck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012371:Robotics; D012399:Rotation; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D053441:Suture Anchors