title: Preclinical investigation of internal limiting membrane staining and peeling using intravitreal brilliant blue G.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of intravitreal brilliant blue G (BBG) on the morphology and functions of the retina and its possible use for staining and peeling of the internal limiting membrane (ILM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat eyes (n = 78) underwent gas compression vitrectomy. BBG solution was then injected into the vitreous cavity. The eyes were enucleated at 2 weeks and 2 months. Light as well as electron microscopy, terminal nick-end labeling staining, and electroretinography (ERG) were used to investigate retinal damage and function. To test the clinical potential of BBG, ILM staining was evaluated in primate eyes after pars plana vitrectomy followed by ILM peeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the rat eyes, no pathologic changes were observed with light microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that high doses of BBG induced vacuolization in the inner retinal cells, but apoptosis was not detected. There was no reduction in the amplitude of the ERG waves. In the primate eyes, the ILM was clearly visualized after the intravitreous injection of BBG and was peeled off easily from the retina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that BBG, which has low potential for toxicity, high staining ability, and ease of handling, is a good candidate dye for ILM peeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enaida
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisatomi
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Muneki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004596:Electroretinography; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007267:Injections; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D051381:Rats; D011914:Rats, Inbred BN; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue