title: Ischemic training and immunosuppressive agents reduce the intensity of ischemic reperfusion injury after kidney transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury affects posttransplant renal function, directly increases the probability of acute rejection, and is associated with chronic rejection and impaired long-term function. Animal studies suggest that ischemic preconditioning enhances resistance to ischemia and may be augmented by treating donors using immunosuppressant agents. This study sought to confirm the hypothesis that a combination of ischemic training and immunosuppression prior to renal harvest would maximize a transplanted kidney's resistance to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Landrace pigs underwent either preharvest immunosuppression plus left kidney ischemic training (group 1, n=6) or ischemic training alone (group 2, n=6). Immunosuppression was composed of mycophenolate mofetil (20 mg/kg) and tacrolimus (0.1 mg/kg) administered intravenously 30 minutes before training. Training comprised 2 cycles of left renal pedicle occlusion for 5 minutes followed by release (reperfusion) for 10 minutes. Warm renal ischemia was then induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 30 minutes, followed by heterotopic left kidney transplantation. Blood from the transplanted kidney renal vein was sampled directly at 0, 10, 20, 40, and 60 minutes posttransplantation for malondialdehyde (a reactive oxygen species marker), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukins 6 and 8 (inflammatory cytokines), and erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (an antioxidant). Renal histology was graded on a 3-point scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reperfusion levels of malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha, and interleukin 6 were significantly lower in group 1 at both 40 and 60 minutes. None of the animals in group 1 (0/6) that received preharvest immunosuppression showed severe interstitial inflammation, compared with 4 of 6 animals in group 2 that did (P<.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preharvest immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus significantly decreases immediate posttransplant reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokine production, enhances the protective effect of ischemic training, and should not only reduce ischemiareperfusion injury in transplanted kidneys but also should enhance immediate and long-term graft function while preventing acute rejection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, 30460 Pilsen, Czech Republic. treska@fnplzen.cz
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Treska
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molacek
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobr
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Racek
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trefil
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013552:Swine; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus