Applying the transtheoretical model to exercise: a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature.
Three questions guided a literature review of the transtheoretical model (TTM) as applied to exercise to address the evidence for stage-matched interventions, the description of priority populations, and the identification of valid TTM measurement tools. One-hundredand-fifty studies were reviewed. Results indicate preliminary support for the use of stage-matched exercise interventions. Most studies have focused on White, middle-class, female populations, limiting the generalizability of their findings. Valid and reliable measures exist for stage of change, decisional balance, processes of change, self-efficacy, and temptations to not exercise; however, more research is needed to refine these measures. Evidence for the construct validity of the TTM as applied to exercise is mixed. When designing and implementing TTM-based exercise interventions, practitioners and policy makers are encouraged to clearly define the term exercise, choose a valid and reliable staging tool, and employ all TTM constructs and not just stage membership.
Spencer
Leslie
L
Rowan University in Glassboro, New Jersey, USA.
Adams
Troy B
TB
Malone
Sarah
S
Roy
Lindsey
L
Yost
Elizabeth
E
D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation