title: Multispacer typing to study the genotypic distribution of Bartonella henselae populations.
abstract: Bartonella henselae, a worldwide fastidious bacterium, has a feline reservoir and is pathogenic for humans. However, the relationship between human and cat isolates of B. henselae, as well as its population dynamics and geographic heterogeneity, is not fully understood, in part because of the absence of appropriate typing methods. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), the most discriminatory genotyping method for B. henselae, identified seven genotypes and suggested that human isolates arose from a limited number of cat isolates. Herein, we estimated the discriminatory power of multispacer typing (MST) by studying 126 B. henselae cat isolates from various areas of Europe, Asia, and the United States. We identified the nine most variable intergenic spacers conserved by both B. henselae and Bartonella quintana genomes. By comparing the sequences obtained from these nine spacers for each studied isolate, we identified 39 MST genotypes. The distribution of isolates into MST genotypes matched their phylogenetic organization into four clusters. MST showed that European and Asian isolates were different, in contrast with American isolates, but failed to identify pandemic strains. Our study demonstrated that MST is a powerful method for genotyping B. henselae at the strain level and may serve in studying the population dynamics of this bacterium and understanding the relationships between cat and human isolates. Finally, we provide a free-access MST-Rick online software program (http://ifr48.timone.univ-mrs.fr/MST_BHenselae/mst) that investigators may use to compare their own MST sequences to our database.
authors.affiliation: Unité des Rickettsies, IFR 48, CNRS UMR 6020, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bruno B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Chomel
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guptil
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
authors.forename: Pierre-Edouard
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001474:Bartonella Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D018416:Bartonella henselae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018413:Bartonella quintana / Q000235:genetics; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D002415:Cats; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021901:DNA, Intergenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005060:Europe; D005838:Genotype; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D021901:DNA, Intergenic