title: Leisure time physical activity in relation to depressive symptoms in the Black Women's Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A growing body of evidence suggests that physical activity might reduce the risk of depressive symptoms, but there are limited data on Black women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the association between leisure time physical activity and depressive symptoms in U.S. Black women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants included 35,224 women ages 21 to 69 from the Black Women's Health Study, a follow-up study of African American women in which data are collected biennially by mail questionnaire. Women answered questions on past and current exercise levels at baseline (1995) and follow-up (1997). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was used to measure depressive symptoms in 1999. Women who reported a diagnosis of depression before 1999 were excluded. We used multivariate logistic regression models to compute odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for physical activity in relation to depressive symptoms (CES-D score > or = 16) with control for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adult vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with depressive symptoms. Women who reported vigorous exercise both in high school (> or = 5 hr per week) and adulthood (> or = 2 hr per week) had the lowest odds of depressive symptoms (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.71-0.82) relative to never active women; the OR was 0.90 for women who were active in high school but not adulthood (95% CI = 0.85-0.96) and 0.83 for women who were inactive in high school but became active in adulthood (95% CI = 0.77-0.91). Although walking for exercise was not associated with risk of depressive symptoms overall, there was evidence of a weak inverse relation among obese women (Body Mass Index > or = 30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leisure time vigorous physical activity was associated with a reduced odds of depressive symptoms in U.S. Black women.
authors.affiliation: Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02215, USA. lwise@slone.bu.edu
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Lucile L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Adams-Campbell
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001741:Black or African American