Antiretroviral therapy 2006: pharmacology, applications, and special situations.
As we approach the completion of the first 25 years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, there have been dramatic improvements in the care of patients with HIV infection. These have prolonged life and decreased morbidity. There are twenty currently available antiretrovirals approved in the United States for the treatment of this infection. The medications, including their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and dosing are reviewed. In addition, the current approach to the use of these medicines is discussed. We have included a section addressing common comorbid conditions including hepatitis B and C along with tuberculosis.
Samuel
Rafik
R
Section of Infectious Diseases, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. rafiksamuel@hotmail.com
Bettiker
Robert
R
Suh
Byungse
B
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D000077560:Enfuvirtide; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D023581:HIV Fusion Inhibitors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000077560:Enfuvirtide; D015215:Zidovudine; D019438:Ritonavir