title: Pregnane X receptor activators inhibit human hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The activated pregnane X receptor is antifibrogenic in rodent chronic liver injury in vivo models. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of human pregnane X receptor activators on human hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation to a profibrogenic phenotype in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from resected human liver and cultured under conditions in which they trans-differentiate into profibrogenic myofibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pregnane X receptor was expressed in primary cultures at the level of messenger RNA and protein and was activated by the ligand rifampicin as judged by increases in binding of proteins to the pregnane X receptor ER6 DNA response element and by increases in ER6-dependent reporter gene expression. Short-term treatment of hepatic stellate cells with rifampicin inhibited the expression of selected fibrosis-related genes (transforming growth factor beta1, alpha-smooth muscle actin), proliferation-related genes, and WNT signaling-associated genes. There was also an increase in interleukin-6 secretion and an inhibition in DNA synthesis. Long-term treatment with rifampicin over several weeks reduced the proliferation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells. Small interfering RNA knockdown of the pregnane X receptor in a hepatic stellate cell line reduced the binding of proteins to the ER6 DNA response element and abrogated pregnane X receptor activator-dependent changes in transforming growth factor beta1 expression, interleukin-6 secretion, and proliferation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pregnane X receptor is transcriptionally functional in human hepatic stellate cells and activators inhibit transdifferentiation and proliferation. The pregnane X receptor may therefore be an effective target for antifibrotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, Scotland.
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Haughton
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Carylyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Durward
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leel
authors.forename: Zainab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bascal
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koruth
authors.forename: Elaina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Collie-Duguid
authors.forename: Derek A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Trim
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D012293:Rifampin