title: Integrated coronary revascularization: percutaneous coronary intervention plus robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robotic totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass (TECAB) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) coupled with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of a second coronary artery has been investigated in patients with multivessel disease to provide a minimally invasive therapeutic option.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TECAB of the LAD was performed using the left internal mammary artery (LIMA). A second lesion was treated with PCI before surgery, simultaneously, or after surgery. Three-month angiographic follow-up was performed in all patients and was subject to independent review. A total of 27 patients requiring double vessel revascularization were treated at 7 centers. Eleven patients underwent PCI before surgery, 12 patients underwent PCI after surgery, and 4 patients underwent simultaneous surgical and percutaneous intervention. Ten patients (37%) were treated with bare metal stents, whereas 17 patients (63%) were treated with drug-eluting stents. Postoperative angiographic evaluation demonstrated an overall LIMA anastomotic patency of 96.3% and PCI vessel patency of 66.7%. There were no deaths or strokes. One patient experienced a perioperative myocardial infarction. Eight of 27 patients (29.6%) required reintervention, 1 LIMA anastomotic stenosis (3.7%), 3 after bare metal stent (30%), and 4 after drug-eluting stent placement (23.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integrated revascularization treatment plans provide minimally invasive options for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. This approach may be accomplished with no mortality, low perioperative morbidity, and excellent angiographic LIMA patency. The reintervention rate after PCI in this series was higher than that reported elsewhere and should be investigated further. The choice of suitable vessel, type of stent and timing of the treatment must be carefully considered before implementing this hybrid strategy.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac & Thoracic Surgical Associates (M.R.K.), Richmond, VA, USA. mkatz@newheartsurgery.com
authors.forename: Marc R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Praet
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Canniere
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Leland
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siwek
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seshadri-Kreaden
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonatti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000601:surgery; D004343:Drug Implants; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012086:Reoperation; D012371:Robotics; D015607:Stents; D014654:Vascular Patency
chemical_list: D004343:Drug Implants