title: Factors associated with life space among community-living rural elders in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study objective was to identify factors associated with life space to examine the service needs of the elderly. Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,409 community-living elderly in a rural town in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Daily activity level was used as a proxy for life space. Respondents were asked about their daily activity, health status, and psychosocial factors in a self-administered questionnaire. Factors associated with life space were identified using general linear models. Relative associations of each factor with life space were tested using stepwise multiple regression procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elderly in a smaller life space were significantly older, had more illnesses, worse activities of daily living (ADL), and poor self-rated health. Poor psychological well-being and fewer social relations were also associated with a smaller life space. Age and ADL difficulty accounted for 51.7% of life space variations. In addition, more elderly with ADL difficulty expressed unmet needs for transportation and socializing opportunities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Life space was related not only to age or health status but also to environmental or psychosocial factors. Appropriate services for a vulnerable population may have a positive effect on elderly health. Moreover, elderly life space may be used as an indicator to identify people at risk in order to provide more effective community-based programs for the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan. cmurata@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chiyoe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsuya
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012423:Rural Health; D012931:Social Environment