title: Propolis from the northwest of Argentina as a source of antifungal principles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the antimycotic and cytotoxic activities of partially purified propolis extract on yeasts, xylophagous and phytopathogenic fungi. To compare these activities with pinocembrin and galangin isolated from this propolis and with the synthetic drugs ketoconazole and clortrimazole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethanolic propolis extract was partially purified by cooling at -20 degrees C. Two of its components were isolated by HPLC and identified as pinocembrin and galangin. The antifungal activity was assayed by bioautography, hyphal radial growth, hyphal extent and microdilution in liquid medium. Cytotoxicity was studied with the lethality assay of Artemia salina. The obtained results were compared with the actions of ketoconazole and clortrimazole. The results showed that the antifungal potency of ketoconazole and clortrimazole is higher than pinocembrin, galangin and the partially purified propolis extract in this order. Otherwise, the cytotoxicity of the synthetic drugs is also the highest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partially purified propolis extract inhibits fungal growth. The comparison of its relative biocide potency and cytotoxicity with synthetic drugs and two components of this propolis (pinocembrin and galangin) showed that the propolis from 'El Siambón', Tucumán, Argentina, is a suitable source of antifungal products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The partially purified propolis extract and its isolated compounds, pinocembrin and galangin, have the capacity of being used as antifungals without detriment to the equilibrium of agroecosystems. The impact of this study is that the preparation of agrochemicals with reduced economic costs using a partially purified preparation as the active principle is possible.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Quiroga
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sampietro
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Soberón
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sgariglia
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vattuone
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001118:Argentina; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D044950:Flavanones / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; C037032:galangin; C016063:pinocembrin; D011429:Propolis