title: Genetic variation in N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) and 2 (NAT2) and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: Animal studies suggest that lymphomagenesis can be induced by exposure to carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines found in diet, cigarette smoke and the environment, but human epidemiologic investigations of these exogenous exposures have yielded conflicting results. As part of our evaluation of the role of aromatic and heterocyclic amines, which are metabolized by N-acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, in the etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we examined NHL risk in relation to genetic variation in NAT1 and NAT2 and exposure to cigarette smoke and dietary heterocyclic amines and mutagens. We genotyped 10 common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NAT1 and NAT2 among 1136 cases and 922 controls from a population-based case-control study in four geographical areas of the USA. Relative risk of NHL for NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes, NAT2 acetylation phenotype, and exposure to cigarette smoke and dietary heterocyclic amines and mutagens was estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from unconditional logistic regression models. We observed increased risk of NHL among individuals with the NAT1*10/*10 genotype compared with individuals with other NAT1 genotypes (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.04-2.46, P = 0.03). We also observed increased NHL risk in a dose-dependent model among NAT2 intermediate- and rapid-acetylators compared with slow-acetylators, although only the trend was statistically significant (intermediate: OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.97-1.44, P = 0.1; rapid: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.97-2.14, P = 0.07; P for linear trend = 0.03). Compared with non-smokers, NHL risk estimates for current cigarette smoking were increased only among NAT2 intermediate/rapid-acetylators (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.15-5.20, P = 0.02). Our data provide evidence that NAT1 and NAT2 genotypes are associated with NHL risk and support a contributory role for carcinogenic aromatic and/or heterocyclic amines in the multi-factorial etiology of NHL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. mortonli@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Maryjean
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Shelia Hoar
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zahm
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cozen
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cerhan
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartge
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chanock
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Sophia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C089384:N-acetyltransferase 1; C478900:NAT2 protein, human