title: Construction and evaluation of food-grade vectors for Lactococcus lactis using aspartate aminotransferase and alpha-galactosidase as selectable markers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report development of two food-grade cloning vectors for Lactococcus lactis, which utilize either a lactococcal aspartate aminotransferase gene (aspC), or Bifidobacterium longumalpha-galactosidase gene (aglL) as selectable markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The theta-replicon of lactococcal plasmid, pW563, was combined with aspC and a multiple cloning site. When electroporated into L. lactis JLS400 (AspC-), the resulting vector, pSUW611 (3.9 kbp), restores ability of the mutant to grow in milk thus allowing for selection of the transformants. The vector is stable during 100 generations of nonselective growth (0.2% loss per generation). The second vector, pSUW711 (5.1 kbp), was constructed by exchanging aspC with aglL under the control of usp45 promoter. Lactococcus lactis transformed with pSUW711 produced distinctive colonies within 48-72 h on melibiose-containing plates. Expression of two Lactobacillus helveticus peptidases was attempted using these new vehicles. Introduction of pepN on pSUW611 and pSUW711 into L. lactis led to a sixfold, or 27-fold increase in aminopeptidase activity, respectively. However, no changes in endopeptidase activity were recorded upon transformation with pSUW611 carrying pepO2 under control of three different promoters. Attempts were also made to construct high copy variants of pSUW711.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aspC and aglL can be employed as food-grade genetic markers for L. lactis. The vectors, pSUW611 and pSUW711, were successfully used to express Lact. helveticus PepN in L. lactis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two novel food-grade vectors were developed which provide simple and convenient selection and maintenance in L. lactis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Smeianov
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D019649:Food Industry; D005516:Food Microbiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010957:Plasmids; D019936:Probiotics; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase