title: Concussion in professional football: performance of newer helmets in reconstructed game impacts--Part 13.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The performance of five newer helmets was compared with the baseline VSR-4 helmet in 10 reconstructed cases of National Football League (NFL) collisions causing concussion. The laboratory reconstructions were conducted to determine changes in concussion risk with newer football helmets.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 60 laboratory tests, translational and rotational head accelerations were measured in the striking and struck players represented by Hybrid III dummies. Six-axis upper neck loads and moments were measured in five cases with the struck player and five with the striking player. Biomechanical responses and concussion risks were evaluated for each collision to determine changes with newer helmet designs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two out of 50 reconstructed cases showed greater than 10% reduction in severity index with newer helmets compared with the VSR-4; four cases increased. The average reduction in concussion risk with newer helmets was 10.8% (range, 6.9-16.7%) based on severity index. The reduction was 9.7% (range, 6.5-13.9%) based on translational acceleration and 18.9% (range, 10.6-23.4%) with rotational acceleration. Neck responses in the struck player showed a general reduction in moment and force with newer helmets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With newer football helmets, there was a trend toward 10 to 20% lower risks of concussion in reconstructed National Football League game collisions. However, a few designs and cases showed increased responses. The evaluation of football helmets to the proposed National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment concussion standard should lead to more uniform reductions in concussion risk with future football helmets.
authors.affiliation: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee, National Football League, New York, New York, USA. dviano@comcast.net
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Viano
authors.forename: Elliot J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pellman
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Withnall
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shewchenko
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods