title: Effect of prone and supine position on sleep, apneas, and arousal in preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prematurely born compared with term born infants are at increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome, particularly if slept prone. The purpose of this work was to test the hypothesis that preterm infants with or without bronchopulmonary dysplasia being prepared for neonatal unit discharge would sleep longer and have less arousals and more central apneas in the prone position.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study in a tertiary NICU. Twenty-four infants (14 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia) with a median gestational age of 27 weeks were studied at a median postconceptional age of 37 weeks. Video polysomnographic recordings of 2-channel electroencephalogram, 2-channel electro-oculogram, nasal airflow, chest and abdominal wall movements, limb movements, electrocardiogram, and oxygen saturation were made in the supine and prone positions, each position maintained for 3 hours. The duration of sleep, sleep efficiency (total sleep time/total recording time), and number and type of apneas, arousals, and awakenings were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, in the prone position, infants slept longer, had greater sleep efficiency (89.5% vs 72.5%), and had more central apneas (median: 5.6 vs 2.2), but fewer obstructive apneas (0.5 vs 0.9). The infants had more awakenings (9.7 vs 3.5) and arousals per hour (13.6 vs 9.0) when supine. There were similar findings in the bronchopulmonary dysplasia infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Very prematurely born infants studied before neonatal unit discharge sleep more efficiently with fewer arousals and more central apneas in the prone position, emphasizing the importance of recommending supine sleeping after neonatal unit discharge for prematurely born infants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ravindra Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hannam
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pressler
authors.forename: Gerrard F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenough
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D017286:Polysomnography; D016684:Prone Position; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020182:Sleep Apnea, Central / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016683:Supine Position; D013997:Time Factors