title: [Potential antinociceptive mechanisms of botulinum toxin].
abstract: Botulinum toxin has been used in pain therapy for several years. Its application in migraine and headaches is particularly interesting. Clinical results have not yet been definitely conclusive, and a uniform model of the mode of action has not been established either. Apart from a purely muscular effect, a direct antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin has been found in patients, in the preclinical model, and in a clinical pain model. This is contradicted by negative observations in the clinical model of pain, which might be related to methodological deficits. Further basics need to be worked out before arriving at any final result. Clinical studies with patients and pain models should then follow. Studying botulinum toxin within the context of pain will also provide many new insights into pain therapy in general. In which pain model botulinum toxin may play a role in the future, has to be awaited.
authors.affiliation: Allergan Inc., Irvine, USA.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Jost
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000009:adverse effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005544:Forecasting; D006261:Headache / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D051381:Rats; D018689:Sensory System Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D009498:Neurotoxins; D018689:Sensory System Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D002211:Capsaicin