title: Critical role for Daxx in regulating Mdm2.
abstract: The tumour suppressor p53 induces apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest in response to genotoxic and other stresses. In unstressed cells, the anti-proliferative effects of p53 are restrained by mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2), a ubiquitin ligase (E3) that promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Mdm2 also mediates its own degradation through auto-ubiquitination. It is unclear how the cis- and trans-E3 activities of Mdm2, which have opposing effects on cell fate, are differentially regulated. Here, we show that death domain-associated protein (Daxx) is required for Mdm2 stability. Downregulation of Daxx decreases Mdm2 levels, whereas overexpression of Daxx strongly stabilizes Mdm2. Daxx simultaneously binds to Mdm2 and the deubiquitinase Hausp, and it mediates the stabilizing effect of Hausp on Mdm2. In addition, Daxx enhances the intrinsic E3 activity of Mdm2 towards p53. On DNA damage, Daxx dissociates from Mdm2, which correlates with Mdm2 self-degradation. These findings reveal that Daxx modulates the function of Mdm2 at multiple levels and suggest that the disruption of the Mdm2-Daxx interaction may be important for p53 activation in response to DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Li-Ke
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Jianke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenge
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Michaelson
authors.forename: Yan Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.forename: Wafik S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: El-Deiry
authors.forename: Xiaolu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; D004249:DNA Damage; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D000076084:Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D056970:Co-Repressor Proteins; C491473:Daxx protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025801:Ubiquitin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D010450:Endopeptidases; C464569:USP7 protein, human; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D000076084:Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7