Synthetic glycovaccine protects against the bite of leishmania-infected sand flies.
Leishmaniasis is a vectorborne disease transmitted to human and other mammalian hosts by sand fly bite. In the present study, we show that immunization with Leishmania mexicana promastigote secretory gel (PSG) or with a chemically defined synthetic glycovaccine containing the glycans found in L. mexicana PSG can provide significant protection against challenge by the bite of infected sand flies. Only the glycan from L. mexicana was protective; those from other species did not protect against L. mexicana infection. Furthermore, neither PSG nor the glycovaccine protected against artificial needle challenge, which is traditionally used in antileishmanial vaccine development. Conversely, an antigen preparation that was effective against needle challenge offered no protection against sand fly bite. These findings provide a new target for Leishmania vaccine development and demonstrate the critical role that the vector plays in the evaluation of candidate vaccines for leishmaniasis and other vectorborne diseases.
Rogers
Matthew E
ME
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom.
Sizova
Olga V
OV
Ferguson
Michael A J
MA
Nikolaev
Andrei V
AV
Bates
Paul A
PA
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007114:Immunization; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D007894:Leishmania mexicana / Q000378:metabolism*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000469:parasitology; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism
D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines