title: Nonlinear finite element model predicts vertebral bone strength and fracture site.
abstract: METHODS
  A study on computed tomography (CT)-based finite element (FE) method that predicts vertebral strength and fracture site using human cadaveric specimens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of the nonlinear FE method by comparing the predicted data with those of mechanical testing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  FE methods may predict vertebral strength and fracture site but the prediction has been difficult because of a complex geometry, elastoplasticity, and thin cortical shell of the vertebra.
  
  
  METHODS
  FE models of the 12 thoracolumbar vertebral specimens were constructed. Nonlinear FE analyses were performed, and the yield load, the fracture load, the sites where elements failed, and the distribution of minimum principal strain were evaluated. A quasi-static uniaxial compression test for the same specimens was conducted to verify these analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The yield loads, fracture loads, minimum principal strains, and fracture sites of the FE prediction significantly correlated with those measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonlinear FE model predicted vertebral strength and fracture site accurately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bessho
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016474:Weight-Bearing