title: A novel flow cytometric assay for measurement of in vivo pulmonary neutrophil phagocytosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phagocytosis assays are traditionally performed in vitro using polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from peripheral blood or the peritoneum and heat-killed, pre-opsonized organisms. These assays may not adequately mimic the environment within the infected lung. Our laboratory therefore has developed a flow cytometric in vivo phagocytosis assay that enables quantification of PMN phagocytosis of viable bacteria within the lungs of rats. In these studies, rats are injected transtracheally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to recruit PMNs to their lungs. They are then infected with live 5(-and 6) carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA/SE) labeled type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bronchoalveolar lavage is performed and resident alveolar macrophages and recruited PMNs are labeled with monoclonal antibodies specific for surface epitopes on each cell type. Three color flow cytometry is utilized to identify the cell types, quantify recruitment, and determine uptake of the labeled bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The viability of the alveolar macrophages and PMNs isolated from the lavage fluid was >95%. The values of the percentage of PMNs in the lavage fluid as well as the percentage of PMNs associated with CFSE-labeled S. pneumoniae as measured through flow cytometry showed a high degree of correlation with the results from manual counting of cytospin slides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This assay is suitable for measuring bacterial uptake within the infected lung. It can be adapted for use with other organisms and/or animal model systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. eah05645@creighton.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Vander Top
authors.forename: Greg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gentry-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*