title: Long-term results of mycophenolate mofetil as part of immunosuppressive induction therapy after liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The addition of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to the induction protocol resulted in a lower incidence of rejection episodes. However, the question whether MMF should be administered in combination with tacrolimus or cyclosporine has not been answered yet. In our study, we report on the long-term results of triple induction therapy after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), consisting of MMF and low-dose corticosteroids, in combination with either tacrolimus or cyclosporine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1996 and April 1997, 120 consecutive patients, who underwent OLT at our institution, were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 80 received triple induction therapy consisting of cyclosporine and MMF (40) or tacrolimus and MMF (40), in combination with low-dose corticosteroids, whereas the remaining 40 patients served as 'MMF-free' control group receiving dual induction therapy with tacrolimus and corticosteroids. Besides the eight-yr follow-up of patient and graft survival, clinical data were also reviewed for episodes of rejection and infection. Additionally, the early post-operative pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA, immunological active metabolite of MMF) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term results provided higher patient and graft survival after tacrolimus/MMF-based induction therapy than after cyclosporine/MMF-based induction therapy. However, the tacrolimus-based control protocol yielded similar results and, therefore, no significantly superior effect was observed when MMF was added. The same observation was made for incidence of rejection and infection episodes. AUC and C(max) of MPA increased in combination with tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although pharmacological synergy between tacrolimus and MMF was observed, MMF showed no significant beneficial effects in the immunosuppressive induction protocol, neither in combination with tacrolimus nor with cyclosporine.
authors.affiliation: Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. jan.langrehr@charite.de
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langrehr
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klupp
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glanemann
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Junge
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pfitzmann
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahra
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
mesh_terms: D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012074:Remission Induction; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus