title: Using minced horseradish roots and peroxides for the deodorization of swine manure: a pilot scale study.
abstract: Enzymes that have proven to be capable of removing toxic compounds from water and soil may also be useful in the deodorization of animal manures. Considering that pork production in the US is a $40-billion industry with over half a million workers, odor control to protect air quality in the neighboring communities must be considered an essential part of managing livestock facilities. This pilot scale (20-120 L) study tested the use of minced horseradish (Armoracia rusticana L.) roots (1:10 roots to swine slurry ratio), with calcium peroxide (CaO(2) at 34 mM) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2) at 68 mM), to deodorize swine slurry taken from a 40,000-gallon storage pit at the Pennsylvania State University's Swine Center. Horseradish is known to contain large amounts of peroxidase, an enzyme that, in the presence of peroxides, can polymerize phenolic odorants and thus reduce the malodor. Twelve compounds commonly associated with malodor (seven volatile fatty acids or VFAs, three phenolic compounds and two indolic compounds) were used as odor indicators. Their concentration in swine slurry before and after treatment was determined by gas chromatography (GC) to assess the deodorization effect. The pilot scale testing demonstrated a complete removal of phenolic odorants (with a detection limit of 0.5 mg L(-1)) from the swine slurry, which was consistent with our previous laboratory experiments using 30-mL swine slurry samples. Horseradish could be recycled (reused) five times while retaining significant reduction in the concentration of phenolic odorants. In view of these findings, inexpensive plant materials, such as horseradish, represent a promising tool for eliminating phenolic odorants from swine slurry.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Soil Biochemistry, Penn State Institutes of the Environment, 107 Research Building C, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Ephraim M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Govere
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tonegawa
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruns
authors.forename: Eileen F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Kenneth B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kephart
authors.forename: Jean W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dec
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031215:Armoracia / Q000737:chemistry*; D003116:Color; D008372:Manure; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D010545:Peroxides