title: Blinded, multicenter comparison of methods to detect a drug-resistant mutant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at low frequency.
abstract: We determined the abilities of 10 technologies to detect and quantify a common drug-resistant mutant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (lysine to asparagine at codon 103 of the reverse transcriptase) using a blinded test panel containing mutant-wild-type mixtures ranging from 0.01% to 100% mutant. Two technologies, allele-specific reverse transcriptase PCR and a Ty1HRT yeast system, could quantify the mutant down to 0.1 to 0.4%. These technologies should help define the impact of low-frequency drug-resistant mutants on response to antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S818 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, and Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elias K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Halvas
authors.forename: Grace M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Aldrovandi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balfe
authors.forename: Ingrid A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Valerie F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Boltz
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Coffin
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: J Darren
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hazelwood
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kuritzkes
authors.forename: Karin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: Dwight V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nissley
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nowicki
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ziermann
authors.forename: Richard Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mellors
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009154:Mutation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase