title: Probe-level measurement error improves accuracy in detecting differential gene expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Finding differentially expressed genes is a fundamental objective of a microarray experiment. Numerous methods have been proposed to perform this task. Existing methods are based on point estimates of gene expression level obtained from each microarray experiment. This approach discards potentially useful information about measurement error that can be obtained from an appropriate probe-level analysis. Probabilistic probe-level models can be used to measure gene expression and also provide a level of uncertainty in this measurement. This probe-level measurement error provides useful information which can help in the identification of differentially expressed genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We propose a Bayesian method to include probe-level measurement error into the detection of differentially expressed genes from replicated experiments. A variational approximation is used for efficient parameter estimation. We compare this approximation with MAP and MCMC parameter estimation in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. The method is used to calculate the probability of positive log-ratio (PPLR) of expression levels between conditions. Using the measurements from a recently developed Affymetrix probe-level model, multi-mgMOS, we test PPLR on a spike-in dataset and a mouse time-course dataset. Results show that the inclusion of probe-level measurement error improves accuracy in detecting differential gene expression.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The MAP approximation and variational inference described in this paper have been implemented in an R package pplr. The MCMC method is implemented in Matlab. Both software are available from http://umber.sbs.man.ac.uk/resources/puma.
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milo
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rattray
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D020543:Proteome