title: An alternative to the hand searching gold standard: validating methodological search filters using relative recall.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Search filters or hedges play an important role in evidence-based medicine but their development depends on the availability of a "gold standard"--a reference standard against which to establish the performance of the filter. We demonstrate the feasibility of using relative recall of included studies from multiple systematic reviews to validate methodological search filters as an alternative to validation against a gold standard formed through hand searching.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 105 Cochrane reviews that used the Highly Sensitive Search Strategy (HSSS), included randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials, and reported their included studies. We measured the ability of two published and one novel variant of the HSSS to retrieve the MEDLINE-index studies included in these reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The systematic reviews were comprehensive in their searches. 72% of included primary studies were indexed in MEDLINE. Relative recall of the three strategies ranged from .98 to .91 across all reviews and more comprehensive strategies showed higher recall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An approach using relative recall instead of a hand searching gold standard proved feasible and produced recall figures that were congruent with previously published figures for the HSSS. This technique would permit validation of a methodological filter using a collection of approximately 100 studies of the chosen design drawn from the included studies of multiple systematic reviews that used comprehensive search strategies.
authors.affiliation: Chalmers Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Canada. msampson@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Barrowman
authors.forename: Tammy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Terry P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Klassen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moher
mesh_terms: D000043:Abstracting and Indexing; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D016239:MEDLINE; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012015:Reference Standards; D012196:Review Literature as Topic