title: Complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri 5b and comparison with Shigella flexneri 2a.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shigella bacteria cause dysentery, which remains a significant threat to public health. Shigella flexneri is the most common species in both developing and developed countries. Five Shigella genomes have been sequenced, revealing dynamic and diverse features. To investigate the intra-species diversity of S. flexneri genomes further, we have sequenced the complete genome of S. flexneri 5b strain 8401 (abbreviated Sf8401) and compared it with S. flexneri 2a (Sf301).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Sf8401 chromosome is 4.5-Mb in size, a little smaller than that of Sf301, mainly because the former lacks the SHI-1 pathogenicity island (PAI). Compared with Sf301, there are 6 inversions and one translocation in Sf8401, which are probably mediated by insertion sequences (IS). There are clear differences in the known PAIs between these two genomes. The bacteriophage SfV segment remaining in SHI-O of Sf8401 is clearly larger than the remnants of bacteriophage SfII in Sf301. SHI-1 is absent from Sf8401 but a specific related protein is found next to the pheV locus. SHI-2 is involved in one intra-replichore inversion near the origin of replication, which may change the expression of iut/iuc genes. Moreover, genes related to the glycine-betaine biosynthesis pathway are present only in Sf8401 among the known Shigella genomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that the two S. flexneri genomes are very similar, which suggests a high level of structural and functional conservation between the two serotypes. The differences reflect different selection pressures during evolution. The ancestor of S. flexneri probably acquired SHI-1 and SHI-2 before SHI-O was integrated and the serotypes diverged. SHI-1 was subsequently deleted from the S. flexneri 5b genome by recombination, but stabilized in the S. flexneri 2a genome. These events may have contributed to the differences in pathogenicity and epidemicity between the two serotypes of S. flexneri.
authors.affiliation: College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China. nh121212@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Xingye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shuxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D007446:Chromosome Inversion; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D044404:Genomic Islands; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D012703:Serotyping; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors