title: Evaluation of bond strength of metal brackets by a resin to ceramic surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of three different ceramic brands with two different ceramic surfaces (glazed and deglazed), with and without silane application.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the three different ceramics (Empress 2, Finesse, and Ceramco II), two metallic brackets were bonded to each sample, one with the adhesive system and the other one with a silane application. The samples were thermocycled, and then the debonding tests were performed with the Instron Universal Testing Machine. All the results were statistically analyzed with a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three-way ANOVA (brand, ceramic surface, with/without silane) indicated significant differences among them (p < 0.05). ANOVA showed that the greatest bond strength value (megapascals, MPa) was for Empress 2 deglazed with the silane application (8.873 MPa), followed by Finesse glazed with the silane application (7.072 MPa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ceramic surface has a direct effect on adhesion. Therefore, Empress 2 deglazed achieved the greatest value in bond strength. To achieve the ideal values of 6-10 MPa, applying silane to the ceramic surface before bonding the brackets is recommended, even though silane can damage the ceramic surface.
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, Autonomous National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico. barcelo@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: Humberto Federico
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Barceló Santana
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández Medina
authors.forename: Susana Laura
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Acosta Torres
authors.forename: Lurim María
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sánchez Herrera
authors.forename: Arturo José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fernández Pedrero
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortíz González
mesh_terms: D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D008422:Materials Testing; D008670:Metals; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C118557:Empress 2; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D008670:Metals; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C477790:Transbond XT; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C037884:finesse; C058233:Ceramco