title: Characterizing the viscoelastic properties of thin hydrogel-based constructs for tissue engineering applications.
abstract: We present a novel indentation method for characterizing the viscoelastic properties of alginate and agarose hydrogel based constructs, which are often used as a model system of soft biological tissues. A sensitive long working distance microscope was used for measuring the time-dependent deformation of the thin circular hydrogel membranes under a constant load. The deformation of the constructs was measured laterally. The elastic modulus as a function of time can be determined by a large deformation theory based on Mooney-Rivlin elasticity. A viscoelastic theory, Zener model, was applied to correlate the time-dependent deformation of the constructs with various gel concentrations, and the creep parameters can therefore be quantitatively estimated. The value of Young's modulus was shown to increase in proportion with gel concentration. This finding is consistent with other publications. Our results also showed the great capability of using the technique to measure gels with incorporated corneal stromal cells. This study demonstrates a novel and convenient technique to measure mechanical properties of hydrogel in a non-destructive, online and real-time fashion. Thus this novel technique can become a valuable tool for soft tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Keele University, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahearne
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: El Haj
authors.forename: Kong Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Then
authors.forename: Kuo-Kang
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006244:Hardness; D006245:Hardness Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels