title: Activation of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels by phosphatidylinosital-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2): interaction with other regulatory ligands.
abstract: All members of the inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir1-7) are regulated by the membrane phospholipid, phosphatidylinosital-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)). Some are also modulated by other regulatory factors or ligands such as ATP and G-proteins, which give them their common names, such as the ATP sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel and the G-protein gated potassium channel. Other more non-specific regulators include polyamines, kinases, pH and Na(+) ions. Recent studies have demonstrated that PIP(2) acts cooperatively with other regulatory factors to modulate Kir channels. Here we review how PIP(2) and co-factors modulate channel activities in each subfamily of the Kir channels.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. lxie@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Lai-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ribalet
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying