title: Down-regulation of Gadd45 expression is associated with tumor differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 (Gadd45) is an effective indicator of poor prognosis or malignant potential in solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the gene expression patterns and clinical relevance of Gadd45 in tumor specimens of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method, the mRNA expression of Gadd45 was analyzed in tumor and paired normal-appearing tissues of 66 patients with NSCLC. The gene expression data for each patient were matched to the clinicopathological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gadd45 mRNA expression was detectable in all (100%) specimens analyzed. The overall median mRNA expression level of Gadd45 was approximately 10-fold lower in tumor tissues than in matching normal lung tissues (p < 0.001). High intratumoral Gadd45 expression was significantly associated with a poorer histological grading (p = 0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant decrease in Gadd45 expression in tumors compared with normal tissue and its association with histological grading suggest a role for Gadd45 in the differentiation pathway of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vallböhmer
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Warnecke-Eberz
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hokita
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brabender
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Stephan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baldus
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikou
authors.forename: Arnulf H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hölscher
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C439070:GADD45A protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins