title: [Urinary dipsticks must not be used to detect diabetes-induced incipient nephropathy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microalbuminuria is an early indication of diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 1 diabetes and a marker of cardiovascular in patients with type 2 diabetes. It must therefore be assessed annually in these patients. We sought to determine whether semiquantitative determination of proteinuria with urinary dipsticks was useful for this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis of consecutive urinary samples among diabetic patients excluded those with dipstick results positive either for leukocyturia or nitrituria, to avoid false positives due to urinary infection. We assessed the reliability of the dipsticks in comparison with conventional microalbuminuria and proteinuria assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 230 patients. Positive dipstick results had good positive (95.7%) and negative (93.9%) predictive values. Low levels of microalbuminuria, however - those that lead to early adjustment of treatment, were much more difficult to identify: the negative predictive value was only 73.7% and proteinuria was no longer correlated with microalbuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary dipsticks cannot replace conventional assays for microalbuminuria or proteinuria.
authors.affiliation: Service de biochimie, Saint-Mandé, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Lyse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bordier
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burnat
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceppa
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dupuy
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayaudon
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bauduceau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011934:Reagent Strips / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D011934:Reagent Strips