title: Clinical characteristics, process of care, and outcomes of Hispanic patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: results from Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data regarding the management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS) in Hispanic patients, the largest and fastest-growing minority in the United States, are scarce.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sought to describe the clinical characteristics, process of care, and outcomes of Hispanics presenting with NSTE ACS at US hospitals. We compared baseline characteristics, resource use, and inhospital mortality among 3936 Hispanics and 90280 non-Hispanic whites with NSTE ACS from the CRUSADE Quality Improvement Initiative.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The regional distribution of Hispanics in CRUSADE paralleled that in the US Census. Hispanics were younger (65 vs 70 years, P < .0001) and had less hyperlipidemia (45.4% vs 49.0%, P < .0001) but were more likely to be hypertensive (72.2% vs 67.9%, P < .0001) and diabetic (46.5% vs 30.9%, P < .0001). Hispanics were also more likely to be uninsured (12.5% vs 5.1%, P < .001). During hospitalization, Hispanics were more often managed conservatively, undergoing stress tests more frequently (13.0% vs 10.1%, P < .0001), with less use of cardiac catheterization within 48 hours (48.7% vs 55.5%, P < .0001) or percutaneous coronary intervention (39.6% vs 46.4%, P < .0001) at any time. Hispanics received similar discharge treatments but were less frequently referred for cardiac rehabilitation (38.5% vs 49.2%, P < .0001). Adjusted inhospital mortality was similar in both groups (odds ratio 0.87, 95% CI 0.72-1.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although hispanics have a different risk factor profile and are treated less aggressively during hospitalization when they present with NSTE ACS, these treatment differences do not appear to affect inhospital outcomes. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term consequences of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA. mgcohen@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Mauricio G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulgund
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Ali F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Sonel
authors.forename: Venu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Sidney C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Saucedo
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: W Brian
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Gibler
authors.forename: E Magnus
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ohman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D044465:White People