title: Chemotherapy-induced sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cholangiographic findings of chemotherapy-induced sclerosing cholangitis (CISC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1995 and December 2004, 11 patients in the endoscopic retrograde cholangiography database were identified with CISC. Twelve CT, four MRI, 69 endoscopic and nine antegrade cholangiographic studies in these patients were reviewed. Serial change in appearance and response to endoscopic treatment were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CISC showed segmental irregular biliary dilatation with strictures of proximal extrahepatic bile ducts. The distal 5cm of common bile duct was not affected in any patient. CT and MRI findings included altered vascular perfusion of one or more liver segments, liver metastases or peritoneal carcinomatosis. Biliary strictures needed repeated stenting in 10 patients (mean: every 4.7 months). Cirrhosis (n=1) or confluent fibrosis (n=0) were uncommon findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CISC shares similar cholangiographic appearances to primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Unlike PSC, biliary disease primarily involved ducts at the hepatic porta rather than intrahepatic ducts. Multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT or MRI may show evidence of perfusion abnormalities, cavitary liver lesions, or metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. ksandras@iupui.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sandrasegaran
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Alazmi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tann
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Fogel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McHenry
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lehman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents