title: Photochemical oxidation processes for the elimination of phenyl-urea herbicides in waters.
abstract: Four phenyl-urea herbicides (linuron, chlorotoluron, diuron, and isoproturon) were individually photooxidized by monochromatic UV radiation in ultra-pure aqueous solutions. The influence of pH and temperature on the photodegradation process was established, and the first-order rate constants and quantum yields were evaluated. The sequence of photodecomposition rates was: linuron>chlorotoluron>diuron>isoproturon. The simultaneous photooxidation of mixtures of the selected herbicides in several types of waters was then performed by means of UV radiation alone, and by UV radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide. The types of waters used were: ultra-pure water, a commercial mineral water, a groundwater, and a lake water. The influence of the independent variables in these processes - the presence or absence of tert-butyl alcohol, types of herbicide and waters, and concentration of hydrogen peroxide - were established and discussed. A kinetic study was performed using a competitive kinetic model that allowed various rate constants to be evaluated for each herbicide. This kinetic model allows one to predict the elimination of these phenyl-urea herbicides in contaminated waters by the oxidation systems used (UV alone and combined UV/H2O2). The herbicide concentrations predicted by this model agree well with the experimental results that were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Energética, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain. javben@unex.es
authors.forename: F Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Benitez
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Real
authors.forename: Juan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Acero
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D006540:Herbicides; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010777:Photochemistry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical