title: Epidemiological investigation of human papillomavirus infection in men attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Hangzhou area.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Hangzhou area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male subjects (n=375) aged 18-70 years, attending the STD clinic were recruited. Urethral swabs were assessed for HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the consensus primers MY09/11. HPV genotypes of positive PCR products were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and direct sequence analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 375 swabs collected, 305 (81.3%) yielded sufficient DNA for the subsequent HPV analysis. Among the 305 subjects, the prevalence of HPV was 13.8%. Nononcogenic HPV types were found in 8.5% (26/305) of subjects, oncogenic types in 4.3% (13/305), and multiple types in 1.0% (3/305). The prevalence of HPV infection was higher in subjects from urban area than in those from rural area (P < 0.05). The prevalence was also higher in those who received fewer years of education (P < 0.05) and those who had more sex partners (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPV infection among men at high risk is not uncommon. The detection rate of HPV DNA is significantly related to some sociodemographic factors, such as residence, educational level and the number of sex partners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, the 3rd Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China. xutang1973@sina.com.cn
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ai-E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiu-Kun
authors.initials: XK
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ji-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*