title: Cardiotoxicity of histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This phase II study was undertaken to assess objective response and toxicity of histone deacetylase inhibitor depsipeptide in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors received a 4-hour i.v. infusion of depsipeptide at 14 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. Tumor response was assessed at 8-week intervals using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Most patients were chemo-naïve (n = 12) but receiving long-acting octreotide for carcinoid syndrome (n = 11). All patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was terminated prematurely due to an unexpected high number of serious cardiac adverse events so the objective response rate could not be determined. A total of 77 doses of depsipeptide with a median of four doses (range, 2-13) per patient were administered. The most common adverse events included nausea (86%), anorexia (73%), vomiting (66%), and fatigue (73%). A sudden death attributed to possible fatal ventricular arrhythmia occurred within 24 hours after the fifth dose of depsipeptide. Furthermore, asymptomatic grade 2 ventricular tachycardia (n = 2) and prolonged QTc (n = 3) probably related to depsipeptide were observed. Plasma depsipeptide levels measured in a subset of patients failed to reveal differences among patients with or without cardiac adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depsipeptide was associated with a high number of potentially serious cardiac adverse events in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumor. As sudden death possibly associated with depsipeptide was observed in this trial, the risks for potentially life-threatening arrhythmia associated with this agent need to be comprehensively evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA. manisha.shah@osumc.edu
authors.forename: Manisha H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Binkley
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arbogast
authors.forename: Minden
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collamore
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Farra
authors.forename: Donn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grever
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors