title: Nebivolol: a third-generation beta-adrenergic blocker.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties of a new beta-adrenergic blocker, nebivolol, and review the literature evaluating its efficacy in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were identified through searches of MEDLINE (1996-May 2006) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2006), using the key word nebivolol. Additional references were selected from the bibliographies of the articles cited. Searches were not limited by language, time, or human subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preclinical studies evaluating the pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties of nebivolol in humans were selected for review. Randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trials assessing the efficacy of nebivolol for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure were also included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preclinical data have established nebivolol as a third-generation beta-adrenergic blocker, as it possesses vasodilatory properties that contribute to its hemodynamic effects beyond those achieved at beta-adrenergic receptors. Short-term, randomized, controlled clinical trials have shown nebivolol to be as effective as other antihypertensive therapies at lowering blood pressure. One long-term trial showed a significant reduction in death and hospital admissions for cardiovascular causes when nebivolol was compared with placebo in patients with heart failure (31.1% vs 65.3%; HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nebivolol is a novel beta-adrenergic blocker that possesses unique pharmacologic properties, compared with other agents in its class. Nebivolol appears to be as effective as other antihypertensive agents at lowering blood pressure and possesses benefits for patients with heart failure. Additional studies are needed to address the long-term benefits of nebivolol for hypertension, to compare nebivolol with other beta-adrenergic blockers for heart failure, and to investigate the clinical relevance of nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, NC 28174, USA. aveverka@wingate.edu
authors.forename: Angie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veverka
authors.forename: Donald S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nuzum
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jolly
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D000068577:Nebivolol; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001578:Benzopyrans; D004983:Ethanolamines; D000068577:Nebivolol