title: Current dilemmas in Down syndrome clinical care: celiac disease, thyroid disorders, and atlanto-axial instability.
abstract: This study will discuss our current understanding of celiac disease (CD), thyroid disorders, and atlanto-axial instability, three important areas of medical management in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). In this study, we highlight our current knowledge, as well as what we need to study in order to gather the necessary data to refine the empirically based screening protocols which are now in place.
authors.affiliation: Down Syndrome Center of Western PA, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. bill.cohen@chp.edu
authors.forename: William I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D001268:Atlanto-Axial Joint; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*