title: [Prospective evaluation of prostate cancer screening in men with a family history of the disease].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family history is one of the strongest risk factors for prostate cancer. In this prospective study we evaluated the results of prostate cancer screening performed in healthy brothers of prostate cancer patients. The detection rate of prostate cancer and the positive predictive value of the examinations were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 513 healthy men who were 38-75 years of age (median 62.0 years). Of these men, 268 having only one affected brother with prostate cancer were assigned to the sporadic group, and 245 probands having 2-10 affected relatives were assigned to the familial group. An abnormal PSA and/or a pathological digital rectal examination (DRE) was noted in 17.5% of familial (43/245) and 15.8% of sporadic probands (35/268). A biopsy of the prostate was performed in 60.5% of familial (26/43) and 71.4% of sporadic (25/35) men with pathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate cancer was found in 15 of 26 familial (57.7%) and 16 of 25 sporadic (64.0%) probands by prostate biopsy. The overall detection rate was 6.0% (31/513).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to an increased prevalence the detection rate of prostate cancer and the positive predictive value of PSA and/or DRE are higher in men with a family history as expected in an unselected population. Our data suggest that in predisposed men prostate cancer screening should be recommended early. Furthermore an early indication for prostate biopsy is necessary. This recommendation should also be applied if only one first-degree relative has prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Urologische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Prittwitzstrasse 43, 89075, Ulm, Thomas.Paiss@uniklinik-ulm.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paiss
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herkommer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gschwend
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Küfer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Högel
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hautmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D035781:Siblings
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen