title: Beneficial effect of cilnidipine on morning hypertension and white-coat effect in patients with essential hypertension.
abstract: Home blood pressure has a higher predictive power for cardiovascular events than office blood pressure, and there is a particularly close association between morning blood pressure at home and the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality in the early morning. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a long-acting N-type and L-type calcium channel blocker, cilnidipine, in reducing morning blood pressure at home and in ameliorating the white-coat effect. Fifty-eight subjects diagnosed with both essential hypertension and morning hypertension (43 currently being treated, 15 new patients) were prescribed cilnidipine at a dosage of 10-20 mg per day for 8 weeks. After the addition of or a change to cilnidipine, the morning systolic blood pressure (SBP) was controlled to less than 135 mmHg in 25 (58%) out of the 43 patients currently receiving antihypertensive medication. The office SBP in 24 out of those 25 patients was also maintained under 140 mmHg. In the 15 newly treated patients, the morning SBP of 12 patients (80%) was controlled to less than 135 mmHg after administration of cilnidipine. At baseline, 17 patients showed a clear white-coat effect, in which the difference between office blood pressure and home blood pressure was 20/10 mmHg or more. The white-coat effect was depressed significantly after cilnidipine administration. These results suggest that cilnidipine may serve as a useful antihypertensive medication in the treatment of morning hypertension, and also attenuate the white-coat effect in patients with essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku Kosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan. tyamagishi@tohokukosai.com
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C065927:cilnidipine