title: Chemokines and incident coronary heart disease: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8), and interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10) have been reported to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess whether elevated systemic levels of these chemokines precede coronary events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated MCP-1, IL-8, and IP-10 serum levels in a case-cohort design based on data from 381 individuals (294 men, 87 women) with and 1977 individuals (1006 men, 971 women) without incident coronary heart disease (CHD) from the prospective, population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg study (1984 to 2002). The mean follow-up time was 11.0 years. Baseline concentrations were significantly higher in cases compared with noncases (P < or = 0.001 for all chemokines). MCP-1 and IL-8 remained associated with CHD risk after adjustment for age, sex, and survey with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) comparing extreme tertiles of 1.39 (1.05 to 1.84) for MCP-1 and 1.48 (1.10 to 1.99) for IL-8. However, adjustment for further cardiovascular and immunologic risk factors attenuated the observed associations, and they became nonsignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated systemic levels of the chemokines MCP-1, IL-8, and IP-10 precede CHD but do not represent independent risk factors. Thus, the associations are less pronounced than previously shown for type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: German Diabetes Clinic, Leibniz Center at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf; Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Herder
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baumert
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Thorand
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Löwel
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koenig
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016209:Interleukin-8