title: Effect of an active abdominal pulse generator on defibrillation thresholds with a dual-coil, transvenous ICD lead system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have older lead systems, which are usually not replaced at the time of pulse generator replacement unless a malfunction is noted. Therefore, optimization of defibrillation with these lead systems is clinically important. The objective of this prospective study was to determine if an active abdominal pulse generator (Can) affects chronic defibrillation thresholds (DFTs) with a dual-coil, transvenous ICD lead system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 39 patients who presented for routine abdominal pulse generator replacement. Each patient underwent two assessments of DFT using a step-down protocol, with the order of testing randomized. The distal right ventricular (RV) coil was the anode for the first phase of the biphasic shocks. The proximal superior vena cava (SVC) coil was the cathode for the Lead Alone configuration (RV --> SVC). For the Active Can configuration, the SVC coil and Can were connected electrically as the cathode (RV --> SVC + Can). The Active Can configuration was associated with a significant decrease in shock impedance (39.5 +/- 5.8 Omega vs. 50.0 +/- 7.6 Omega, P < 0.01) and a significant increase in peak current (8.3 +/- 2.6 A vs. 7.2 +/- 2.4 A, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in DFT energy (9.0 +/- 4.6 J vs. 9.8 +/- 5.2 J) or leading edge voltage (319 +/- 86 V vs. 315 +/- 83 V). An adequate safety margin for defibrillation (> or =10 J) was present in all patients with both shocking configurations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DFTs are similar with the Active Can and Lead Alone configurations when a dual-coil, transvenous lead is used with a left abdominal pulse generator. Since most commercially available ICDs are only available with an active can, our data support the use of an active can device with this lead system for patients who present for routine pulse generator replacement.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595, USA. erashba@medicine.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rashba
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farasat
authors.forename: Malcolm M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shorofsky
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles; D000368:Aged; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004056:Differential Threshold; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000379:methods; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013575:Syncope / Q000628:therapy*; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000628:therapy*; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*