title: Dissociating word frequency and age of acquisition: The Klein effect revived (and reversed).
abstract: The Klein effect (G. S. Klein, 1964) refers to the finding that high-frequency words produce greater interference in a color-naming task than low-frequency words. The present study used the Klein effect to investigate the relationship between frequency and age of acquisition (AoA) by measuring their influence on color naming. Two experiments showed reliable effects of frequency (though in the opposite direction to that reported by Klein) but no effects of AoA. Experiment 1 produced a dissociation between frequency and AoA when manipulated orthogonally. Experiment 2 produced the same dissociation using different stimuli. In contrast, both variables reliably influenced word naming. These findings are inconsistent with the view that frequency and AoA are 2 aspects of a single underlying mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom. s.a.dewhurst@lancaster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dewhurst
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003118:Color Perception; D003210:Concept Formation; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D012660:Semantics; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014825:Vocabulary