title: The analgesic effect of lornoxicam when added to lidocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lornoxicam (L) on sensory and motor block onset time, tourniquet pain, and postoperative analgesia, when added to lidocaine in intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients undergoing hand surgery were randomly and blindly divided into three groups as to receive either i.v. saline and IVRA with lidocaine 0.5% (Control group, n=15), i.v. saline and IVRA lidocaine 0.5% with lornoxicam (L-IVRA group, n=15), or intravenous lornoxicam and IVRA lidocaine 0.5% (L-IV group, n=15). Sensory and motor blocks onset time, and tourniquet pain was measured after tourniquet application at 5, 10, 20, and 30 min, and analgesic use were recorded during operation. After the tourniquet deflation, at 1, 30 min, and 2, 4 h, visual analogue scales score, the time to first analgesic requirement, total analgesic consumption in first 24 h, and side effects were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensory and motor block onset times were shorter and the recovery time prolonged in the Group L-IVRA compared with the other group (P=0.001). A decreased tourniquet pain, a prolonged time first analgesic requirement [229 (85) min vs 28 (20) and 95 (24) min, P=0.0038) and less postoperative analgesic requirements during 24 h were found in Group L-IVRA compared with the other groups (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of lornoxicam to lidocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia shortens the onset of sensory and motor block, decreases tourniquet pain and improves postoperative analgesia without causing any side effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Medical Faculty Aydin, Turkey. drseldasen@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogurlu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gezer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Savk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005542:Forearm / Q000601:surgery; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; D008012:Lidocaine; C059451:lornoxicam; D005283:Fentanyl