title: Gene expression induced by copper stress in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana.
abstract: Utilizing a PCR-based subtractive cDNA approach, we demonstrated that the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana exhibits a rapid response at the gene level to elevated concentrations of copper and that this response attenuates over 24 h of continuous exposure. A total of 16 copper-induced genes were identified, 11 of which were completely novel; however, many of the predicted amino acid sequences had characteristics suggestive of roles in ameliorating copper toxicity. Most of the novel genes were not equivalently induced by H2O2- or Cd-induced stress, indicating specificity in response. Two genes that could be assigned functions based on homology were also induced under conditions of general cellular stress. Half of the identified genes were located within two inverted repeats in the genome, and novel genes in one inverted repeat had mRNA levels induced by approximately 500- to 2,000-fold by exposure to copper for 1 h. Additionally, some of the inverted repeat genes demonstrated a dose-dependent response to Cu, but not Cd, and appear to belong to a multigene family. This multigene family may be the diatom functional homolog of metallothioneins.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California--San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA.
authors.forename: Aubrey K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palenik
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002875:Chromosomes; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015723:Gene Library; D016678:Genome; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015530:Nuclear Matrix; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide