title: Growth differentiation factor 11 signals through the transforming growth factor-beta receptor ALK5 to regionalize the anterior-posterior axis.
abstract: Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) contributes to regionalize the mouse embryo along its anterior-posterior axis by regulating the expression of Hox genes. The identity of the receptors that mediate GDF11 signalling during embryogenesis remains unclear. Here, we show that GDF11 can interact with type I receptors ALK4, ALK5 and ALK7, but predominantly uses ALK4 and ALK5 to activate a Smad3-dependent reporter gene. Alk5 mutant embryos showed malformations in anterior-posterior patterning, including the lack of expression of the posterior determinant Hoxc10, that resemble defects found in Gdf11-null mutants. A heterozygous mutation in Alk5, but not in Alk4 or Alk7, potentiated Gdf11(-/-)-like phenotypes in vertebral, kidney and palate development in an Acvr2b(-/-) background, indicating a genetic interaction between the two receptor genes. Thus, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor ALK5, which until now has only been associated with the biological functions of TGF-beta1 to TGF-beta3 proteins, mediates GDF11 signalling during embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 35, Box 285, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olov
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reissmann
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D055412:Growth Differentiation Factors; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010159:Palate / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013131:Spine / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C119153:Gdf11 protein, mouse; D055412:Growth Differentiation Factors; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; C000625842:Tgfbr1 protein, mouse