title: Carriage, quantification, and predominance of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in faecal samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine carriage rates and densities of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in adults and children using molecular methods, and to also determine if a reciprocal relationship exists between these organisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time PCR was used to detect and quantify methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Real-time PCR was more sensitive than breath methane measurements. Real-time PCR assays were applied to faecal DNA samples collected from 40 children and 12 adults. Methanogens were present in 25% of the children and 42% of the adults studied, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were detected in 15% of the children and 58% of the adults. High levels of sulfate-reducing bacteria were found in two methanogenic adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carriage rates and densities of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria are greater in adults than in children. Competition does not necessarily lead to the predominance of one group in the faecal microflora.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study describes sensitive, molecular assays that could be used to monitor these organisms in gastrointestinal disease. Therapeutic exclusion of one group from the bowel would not necessarily lead to the expansion of the other, as there does not appear to be a reciprocal relationship between these groups.
authors.affiliation: Wakefield Gastroenterology Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, New Zealand. jess-stewart@paradise.net.nz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019641:DNA, Archaeal / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003901:Desulfovibrio / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D041581:Methanobrevibacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism*; D016999:Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019641:DNA, Archaeal; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D013431:Sulfates; D008697:Methane