title: Esomeprazole 40 mg once a day in patients with functional dyspepsia: the randomized, placebo-controlled "ENTER" trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The etiologies of functional dyspepsia (FD) are unclear, but in some studies, treatment with a proton pump inhibitor has been beneficial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of esomeprazole 40 mg once a day compared to placebo in achieving symptom relief in primary care patients with FD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in adult FD patients, who had at least moderate severity of symptoms, defined as a score of > or =4 on a 7-point Global Overall Symptom (GOS) scale. Patients were excluded if they had predominant symptoms of heartburn or regurgitation; after a normal baseline endoscopy, patients were randomized to esomeprazole 40 mg once daily or placebo for 8 wk. The primary outcome measure was symptom relief (GOS < or =2) at 8 wk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 502 enrolled patients, 224 were randomized. The main reasons for exclusion were abnormal endoscopic findings, especially esophagitis. A significantly greater proportion of patients in the esomeprazole group achieved symptom relief at 4 but not at 8 wk compared to placebo: 4 wk esomeprazole 50.5% versus placebo 32.2%, p= 0.009; 8 wk esomeprazole 55.1% versus placebo 46.1%, p= 0.16. A similar relationship at 4 and 8 wk was seen for symptom resolution (GOS = 1) and improvement (DeltaGOS > or =2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the primary outcome measure of symptom relief at 8 wk, there was no statistically significant difference between esomeprazole 40 mg once a day and placebo. However, at 4 wk, esomeprazole was significantly more effective than placebo for symptom relief. The difference in therapeutic gain between 4 and 8 wk was largely due to a higher placebo response rate at 8 wk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
authors.forename: Sander Veldhuyzen
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: van Zanten
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Flook
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Bijan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Ally
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasco
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D064098:Esomeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D064098:Esomeprazole