title: Surface-activated chemical ionization and high-flow gradient chromatography to reduce matrix effect.
abstract: The new atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source, named surface-activated chemical ionization (SACI), has been used in conjunction with high-flow gradient chromatography to reduce the matrix effect. This high-flow gradient chromatography approach avoids the co-elution of analyte and biological matrix compounds that leads to a reduction in quantitation errors due to matrix effect. However, this approach cannot be employed with the classical electrospray ionization (ESI) source that usually works at low eluent flow (< 300 microL/min). SACI can work at high eluent flow (100-2000 microL/min) and can be employed in conjunction with high-flow gradient chromatography. The reduction in matrix effect in tacrolimus analysis in protein-precipitated blood samples, an important immunosuppressive agent for renal transplantation, is presented and discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Centre for Bio-molecular Interdisciplinary Studies and Industrial Applications CISI, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate Milano, Italy. simone.cristoni@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cristoni
authors.forename: Luigi Rossi
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Piermario
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerthoux
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mocarelli
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonella
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guidugli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantu
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; C058028:immunomycin; D016559:Tacrolimus