title: Protein kinase casein kinase 2 mediates inhibitor-kappaB kinase and aberrant nuclear factor-kappaB activation by serum factor(s) in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells.
abstract: We showed previously that the signal transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is aberrantly activated and that inhibition of NF-kappaB induces cell death and inhibits tumorigenesis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Thus, identification of specific kinases underlying the activation of NF-kappaB could provide targets for selective therapy. Inhibitor-kappaB (IkappaB) kinase (IKK) is known to activate NF-kappaB by inducing NH(2)-terminal phosphorylation and degradation of its endogenous inhibitor, IkappaB. Casein kinase 2 (CK2) was previously reported to be overexpressed in HNSCC cells and to be a COOH-terminal IKK, but its relationship to NF-kappaB activation in HNSCC cells is unknown. In this study, we examined the contribution of IKK and CK2 in the regulation of NF-kappaB in HNSCC in vitro. NF-kappaB activation was specifically inhibited by kinase-dead mutants of the IKK1 and IKK2 subunits or small interfering RNA targeting the beta subunit of CK2. CK2 and IKK kinase activity, as well as NF-kappaB transcriptional activity, was shown to be serum responsive, indicating that these kinases mediate aberrant activation of NF-kappaB in response to serum factor(s) in vitro. Recombinant CK2alpha was shown to phosphorylate recombinant IKK2 as well as to promote immunoprecipitated IKK complex from HNSCC to phosphorylate the NH(2)-terminal S32/S36 of IkappaBalpha. We conclude that the aberrant NF-kappaB activity in HNSCC cells in response to serum is partially through a novel mechanism involving CK2-mediated activation of IKK2, making these kinases candidates for selective therapy to target the NF-kappaB pathway in HNSCC.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders/NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Carter
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Waes
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D044967:Serum; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D047390:Casein Kinase II; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase