title: [Percutaneous ethanol injections in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal insufficiency is the most common etiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism. In case of resistance for conservative treatment, methods of choice are surgical intervention or percutaneous ethanol injections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate usefulness of percutaneous ethanol injection therapy in the treatment of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed percutaneous 96% ethanol injections under USG guideance in 51 patients: 22 women (mean age 49.6 years) and 29 men (46.6 yrs). The base level of parathormone was 689.35 pg/ml. We managed to visualize one parathyroid gland in 34 patients, 2 in 12, 3 in 5 patients. The mean volume of a single gland was 0,8 cm3. All the injections were performed with the use of needle number 6. We repeated injections in case of no effects. One injection was performed in 18 patients, 2 in 18, 3 in 13, 5 in 1 and 6 in 1 patient. Before and after the treatment patients were examined with USG, scintigraphy and densitometry. Serum levels of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathormone (PTH) and alkaline phosphatase (FA) activity were also obtained. The main criteria for success was decrease in parathormone level of 50% or more in comparison with pre-injection level or to less than 200 pg/ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the whole group of patients after the first month, positive results were observed in 67%. There were no changes in 23%, and PTH level increased in 10%. After 6 months-positive results in 53%, no change in 35% and increase in 12%. We noted the best results in patients with PTH less than 800 pg/ml-72% of them had positive results after 1 as far as after the 6 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous ethanol injections are valuable method of treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The best results can be obtained if PTH level is less than 800 pg/ml, one parathyroid gland dominating over the rest is visualised in USG, and if patient responds after 1 or at least 2 injections.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinological and General Surgery Department of Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuzdak
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rybińska
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Białas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D000431:Ethanol