title: Albumin-bound fatty acids induce mitochondrial oxidant stress and impair antioxidant responses in proximal tubular cells.
abstract: Albumin induces oxidative stress and cytokine production in proximal tubular cells (PTECs). Albumin-bound fatty acids (FAs) enhance tubulopathic effects of albumin in vivo. We proposed that FA aggravation of albumin-induced oxidative stress in PTECs might be involved. We hypothesized that mitochondria could be a source of such stress. Using a fluorescent probe, we compared reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after exposure of PTECs to bovine serum albumin (BSA) alone or loaded with oleic acid (OA-BSA) (3-30 g/l for 2 h). There was no difference in cellular albumin uptake, but OA-BSA dose-dependently induced more ROS than BSA alone (P<0.001). OA-BSA-induced ROS was significantly alleviated by mitochondrial inhibition, but not by inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogenase (NADPH) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, or nitric oxide synthase. Gene expression analysis showed that neither the NADPH oxidase component p22phox nor xanthine oxidase was induced by BSA or OA-BSA. OA-BSA, in contrast to BSA, failed to induce mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression. OA-BSA showed a greater capacity than BSA to downregulate heme oxygenase-1 mRNA expression and accentuate inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein. Supplementation of SOD activity with EUK-8 reduced ROS, and interleukin-6 protein expression was suppressed by both mitochondrial inhibition and SOD augmentation. Thus, in PTECs, FAs accentuate albumin-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression via increased mitochondrial ROS, while frustrating protective antioxidant responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ishola
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Timmeren
authors.forename: S J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldschmeding
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Koomans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Braam
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Joles
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005029:Ethylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D005029:Ethylenediamines; D005227:Fatty Acids; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C090577:N,N'-bis(salicylideneamino)ethane-manganese(II); C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; C086986:CYBA protein, human