title: Use of ejection fraction tests and coronary angiography in patients with heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the use of tests that measure ejection fraction (EF) and the use of coronary angiography among patients with an initial diagnosis of heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  All potential cases of incident HF in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1979 and 1999 were identifled. In a random sample of cases validated with the Framingham criteria, we examined the frequency of tests that measure EF (echocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, and left ventricular angiography) and coronary angiography within 90 days after diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 655 patients with incident HF were included in the analysis. The use of tests that measure EF and coronary angiography increased early in the study period but stabilized thereafter. In the most recent years (1995-1999), EF was measured in 65% of the patients and coronary angiography performed in 12%. After adjustment for year of diagnosis, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, comorbidity, prior myocardial infarction, and prior angina, men were more likely than women to have EF measured (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-2.16) and coronary angiography (OR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.43-4.76). Increasing age was associated with less use of tests (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.91; for EF measurement; OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63-0.82; for coronary angiography for every 5-year increase in age).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with HF, tests that measure EF are used substantially less than recommended, and coronary angiograms are used infrequently. Use was particularly low in women and elderly patients. Given the potential benefits of such tests, including more appropriate therapy and more objective monitoring of ventricular function, outcomes in persons with HF may be improved with more consistent use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: Yariv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Redfield
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Véronique L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Roger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*