title: A contemplative care approach to training and supporting hospice volunteers: a prospective study of spiritual practice, well-being, and fear of death.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inspired by a 2,500-year-old Buddhist tradition, the Zen Hospice Project (ZHP) provides residential hospice care, volunteer programs, and educational efforts that cultivate wisdom and compassion in service.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to understand how being with dying hospice residents affects hospice volunteers well-being and the role of spiritual practice in ameliorating the fear of death.
  
  
  METHODS
  A one-year longitudinal study of two volunteer cohorts (N = 24 and N = 22) with repeated measures of spiritual practice, well-being, and hospice performance during one-year service as volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Zen Hospice Guest House and Laguna Honda Residential Hospital of San Francisco, CA.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 46 individuals who became ZHP volunteers during two years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 40-hour training program for beginning hospice volunteers stressing compassion, equanimity, mindfulness, and practical bedside care; a one-year caregiver assignment five hours per week; and monthly group meeting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report FACIT spiritual well-being, general well-being, self-transcendence scale, and a volunteer coordinator-rated ZHP performance scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The volunteers had a high level of self-care and well-being at baseline and maintained both throughout the year; they increased compassion and decreased fear of death. Those (n = 20) practicing yoga were found to have consistently lower fear of death than the group average (P = .04, P = .008, respectively). All rated the training and program highly, and 63% continued to volunteer after the first year's commitment. The results suggest that this approach to training and supporting hospice volunteers fosters emotional well-being and spiritual growth.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health and Healing, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scherwitz
authors.forename: Marcie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pullman
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McHenry
authors.forename: Billy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ostaseski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001293:Attitude to Death; D002140:California; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods; D012944:Social Support; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014838:Volunteers / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration*