title: Phytohemagglutinin response and immunoglobulin index decrease during incubation fasting in female common eiders.
abstract: To maximize their fitness, long-lived species face trade-offs between survival and reproduction. The cost of reproduction, which is defined as the negative effect of current parental investment on chances of adult survival and future reproduction, may affect immune function, possibly through hormonal changes. In this study, components of acquired immunity and plasma corticosterone levels of female eiders (Somateria mollissima) have been measured throughout the incubation period as a function of clutch size. These precocial birds lay up to six eggs and fast completely during incubation. Birds were sampled early and late in the incubation period, with clutches ranging from one to four eggs. T-cell-mediated immune response and humoral immunity were assessed by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin tests (a challenging method) and measurements of serum immunoglobulins (a monitoring method), respectively. During incubation, responses to PHA injection and immunoglobulin index significantly decreased, by about 40% and 25%, respectively. These observed decreases occurred independently of the number of eggs laid by the females. Corticosterone did not vary significantly during incubation, whatever the clutch size. We conclude that female eiders seem to reallocate their resources from immune function to reproductive effort independently of clutch size or corticosterone levels.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Ecologie et Physiologie Energetiques, Unite Propre de Recherche 9010, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Strasbourg, France. sophie.bourgeon@c-strasbourg.fr
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bourgeon
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Criscuolo
authors.forename: Yvon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Maho
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raclot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D004372:Ducks / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000276:immunology*; D009425:Nesting Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000276:immunology*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D003345:Corticosterone