title: Interaction of papaverine with the enalapril-induced cough in guinea pig.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) like enalapril are extremely effective in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. One of the most important side-effects of these drugs which can lead to cessation of therapy is a persistant dry cough, induced because of increased bradykinin levels in the lung. Although antitussive alkaloids like codeine are effective in suppressing this cough, they too present a wide range of side-effects, most notably addiction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In a previous work we were able to show that noscapine, a non-narcotic antitussive agent, was able to decrease enalapril induced cough in guinea pigs. In this work, papaverine, another non-narcotic alkaloid found in opium latex was tested in the guinea pig model for antitussive activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cough was induced in enalapril pretreated guinea pigs by forcing the animals to inspire capsaicin aerosol in an air-tight chamber. Coughs were recorded in control animals and in those which had received different doses of papaverine. Characteristic changes in chamber air pressure, were detected by a pressure transducer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  . At low doses (0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg) papaverine was able to decrease enalapril induced cough. CONCLUSION. This effect was not mediated by the action of the drug on mu receptors and was only observed in animals treated with enalapril.
authors.affiliation: Razi Institute for Drug Research, Iran University for Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6183, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saghaeian-Shahri
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafiei
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rostami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudian
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004656:Enalapril / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004656:Enalapril; D010208:Papaverine