title: Structural development of the fictional narratives of African American preschoolers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the structural development of African American preschoolers' narratives. It also investigated the effect of background variables (e.g., gender, maternal education, stimulation and responsiveness of the home environment, and whether or not the child lived in poverty) on the children's narratives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five children completed a story-retelling task at age 4 and again at kindergarten entry. Narratives were then coded for story grammar elements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-year-olds narrated some attempts to solve the problem and some elements of the story ending. At kindergarten entry, children had higher total narrative scores and included more of every type of story grammar element except relationship. Overall, narratives were not related to background variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bus Story Language Test (C. Renfrew, 1991) appears to be an assessment tool that is sensitive to structural growth in African American children's narratives from 4 years to kindergarten entry.
authors.affiliation: Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8180, USA. price@mail.fpg.unc
authors.forename: Johanna R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D002663:Child Language; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007807:Language Tests; D008037:Linguistics; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D033262:Narration; D012923:Social Class; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014705:Verbal Behavior