title: Iron isotope fractionation during proton-promoted, ligand-controlled, and reductive dissolution of Goethite.
abstract: Iron isotope fractionation during dissolution of goethite (alpha-FeOOH) was studied in laboratory batch experiments. Proton-promoted (HCl), ligand-controlled (oxalate dark), and reductive (oxalate light) dissolution mechanisms were compared in order to understand the behavior of iron isotopes during natural weathering reactions. Multicollector ICP-MS was used to measure iron isotope ratios of dissolved iron in solution. The influence of kinetic and equilibrium isotope fractionation during different time scales of dissolution was investigated. Proton-promoted dissolution did not cause iron isotope fractionation, concurrently demonstrating the isotopic homogeneity of the goethite substrate. In contrast, both ligand-controlled and reductive dissolution of goethite resulted in significant iron isotope fractionation. The kinetic isotope effect, which caused an enrichment of light isotopes in the early dissolved fractions, was modeled with an enrichment factor for the 57Fe/ 54Fe ratio of -2.6 per thousandth between reactive surface sites and solution. Later dissolved fractions of the ligand-controlled experiments exhibit a reverse trend with a depletion of light isotopes of approximately 0.5 per thousandth in solution. We interpret this as an equilibrium isotope effect between Fe(III)-oxalate complexes in solution and the goethite surface. In conclusion, different dissolution mechanisms cause diverse iron isotope fractionation effects and likely influence the iron isotope signature of natural soil and weathering environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, CHN, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland. wiederhold@env.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Jan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Wiederhold
authors.forename: Stephan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Nadya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teutsch
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Borer
authors.forename: Alex N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kretzschmar
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D007503:Iron Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008903:Minerals; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010070:Oxalates / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011522:Protons
chemical_list: D058085:Iron Compounds; D007503:Iron Isotopes; D008024:Ligands; D008903:Minerals; D010070:Oxalates; D011522:Protons; C094886:goethite; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid