title: Symmetry-based resistance as a novel means of lower limb rehabilitation.
abstract: Robotic devices hold much promise for use as rehabilitation aids but their success depends on identifying effective strategies for controlling human-robot interaction forces. We developed a robotic device to test a novel method of controlling interaction forces with the intent of improving force symmetry in the limbs. Users perform lower limb extensions against a computer-controlled resistive load. The control software increases resistance above baseline in proportion to lower limb force asymmetry (balance between left and right limb forces). As a preliminary trial to test the device and controller, we conducted two experiments on neurologically intact subjects. In experiment 1, one group of subjects received symmetry-based resistance while performing lower limb extensions (n=10). A control group performed the same movements with constant resistance (n=10). The symmetry-based resistance group improved lower limb symmetry during training (ANOVA, p<0.05), whereas the control subjects did not. In experiment 2, subjects (n=10) successfully used symmetry-based resistance to alter their lower limb force production towards a target asymmetry (ANOVA, p<0.05). These studies suggest that symmetry-based resistance may hold rehabilitation benefits after orthopedic or neurological injury. Specifically, performing strength training therapy with this controller may allow hemiparetic individuals to focus better on increasing strength and neuromuscular recruitment in their paretic limb while experiencing symmetric limb forces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2214, USA. asimon@umich.edu
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brent Gillespie
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ferris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*