title: Occurrence and risk factors for reintervention after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reintervention after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is common. We sought to determine its occurrence and identify patient characteristics and operative techniques that influence the need or bias for reintervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1971 to 1998, 48,758 patients underwent primary isolated CABG, and 1000 patients per year were actively followed-up every 5 years (n =26,927). A multivariable time-related analysis was performed to model freedom from first coronary reintervention (either reoperation or percutaneous coronary intervention) and identify patient and operative characteristics associated with first reintervention. A total of 3997 patients underwent coronary reintervention, percutaneous in 1638 and reoperation in 2359. Freedom from reintervention was 99%, 96%, 88%, 73%, 60%, and 46% at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years, respectively. Risk of reintervention (hazard function) demonstrated a short, rapidly declining early phase followed by a longer, slow-rising late phase. Patient variables increasing the likelihood of coronary reintervention included younger age (P<0.0001), higher triglycerides (P=0.002), lower high-density lipoprotein (P=0.006), diabetes mellitus (P<0.0001), and more extensive coronary artery disease (P=0.0005). Increasing extent of arterial grafting performed at primary operation decreased the likelihood of coronary reintervention (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reintervention after primary CABG is common. Risk factors for arteriosclerosis and type of bypass conduit influence the need or bias for repeat coronary therapy. Aggressive post-CABG risk factor reduction and extensive arterial grafting at primary operation should decrease coronary reinterventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue/Desk F24, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. sabikj@ccf.org
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sabik
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: A Marc
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gillinov
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Smedira
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lytle
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015993:Life Tables; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides