title: Cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Varthemia iphionoides Boiss. extracts.
abstract: The hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol and water extracts of aerial parts of Varthemia, Varthemia iphionoides, were investigated for cytotoxic activity against human myelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells; DPPH radical-scavenging activity; antioxidative activity in the linoleic acid system; reducing power; antibacterial activity; the contents of phenolic compounds. A pronounced cytotoxic effect on human leukemia (HL-60) cells was shown in the hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts, with inhibition of 89.0, 68.4 and 62.3%, respectively, at a concentration of 200 microg extract/ml. High DPPH radical-scavenging activity, antioxidative activity in the linoleic acid system and reducing power were found in the water and ethanol extracts, and were correlated to the contents of phenolic compounds. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritides was shown in the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts. A compound responsible for the antibacterial activity was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract, and identified as 3-oxocostusic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
authors.forename: Maher M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Dabbas
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suganuma
authors.forename: Kanefumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: De-Xing
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006586:Hexanes; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D045787:Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C501027:3-oxocostusic acid; D000085:Acetates; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D003603:Cytotoxins; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D006586:Hexanes; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D045787:Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; D000431:Ethanol; C007650:ethyl acetate