title: The influence of the subjects' training state on the glycemic index.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the glycemic index (GI) dependence on the training state of healthy adult males.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young, adult males of normal body mass index and normal glucose tolerance were tested twice with a 50 g reference glucose solution and twice with a breakfast cereal containing 50 g of available carbohydrates in a randomized order. Ten subjects were sedentary (SE), 12 were moderately trained (MT) and 12 were endurance trained (ET). Blood glucose, insulin and glucagon were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GI differed significantly between SE and ET subjects (P=0.02, mean difference: 23 GI units, 95% CI=3-42 GI units). The GI of the MT subjects was intermediary, but did not differ significantly from the SE or ET subjects. The insulin index did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GI of the commercially available breakfast cereal depended on the training state of the healthy males. The training state is the first reported factor influencing the GI that is subject specific rather than food specific.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. samuel.mettler@inw.agrl.ethz.ch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mettler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lamprecht-Rusca
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stoffel-Kurt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wenk
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Colombani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon