title: The sensitivity of human mesenchymal stem cells to ionizing radiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow transplantation patients originate from the host. This clinical observation suggests that MSCs in their niches could be resistant to irradiation. However, the biologic responses of bone marrow MSCs to irradiation have rarely been described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, human bone marrow-derived, clonally expanded MSCs were used to investigate their sensitivity to irradiation in vitro, and the cellular mechanisms that may facilitate resistance to irradiation. The human lung cancer cell line A549 and the breast cancer cell line HCC1937 were used as controls for radiosensitivity; the former line has been shown to be radioresistant and the latter radiosensitive. We then examined their in vitro biologic changes and sensitivities to radiation therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results suggest that MSCs are characterized as resistant to irradiation. Several cellular mechanisms were demonstrated that may facilitate resistance to irradiation: ATM protein phosphorylation, activation of cell-cycle checkpoints, double-strand break repair by homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), and the antioxidant capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As demonstrated, MSCs possess a better antioxidant reactive oxygen species-scavenging capacity and active double-strand break repair to facilitate their radioresistance. These findings provide a better understanding of radiation-induced biologic responses in MSCs and may lead to the development of better strategies for stem cell treatment and cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Miao-Fen
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Tai
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Cheng
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Cheng-Ta
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuen-Kuei
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jacqueline Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chang-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Kuan-Der
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases