title: Poor and good health outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of comorbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the predictive value of selected sociodemographic characteristics, rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific clinical factors, and comorbidity with respect to patient-reported health outcomes, i.e., pain, disability, and health-related quality of life, among patients with RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected between 1997 and 2002 among 882 patients with RA of varying disease duration using questionnaires and clinical examinations. Health outcomes were evaluated over 5 years as a function of disease duration by means of random intercept linear regression. Then we selected the 10% of patients with the poorest and best health outcomes during the 5 years of followup compared to others with equal disease duration. Separate multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with poor and good outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sociodemographic characteristics seemed to be less important in the prediction of health outcomes. After RA-specific clinical factors, comorbidity appeared to be a major predictive factor for health outcomes. In particular, psychological comorbidity, i.e., depressive symptomatology, was a consistent predictive factor with respect to all health outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assessment of comorbidity needs to be incorporated into the management of RA in order to prevent poor outcomes and to adapt therapies to the specific situation of individual patients. Periodic routine screening for and monitoring of somatic and psychological comorbidity should be included in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. i.rupp@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: Hendriek C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Boshuizen
authors.forename: Leo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roorda
authors.forename: Huibert J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dinant
authors.forename: Catharina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.forename: Geertrudis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van den Bos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015897:Comorbidity; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome