title: Safety of reduced-dosage ketoprofen for long-term oral administration in healthy dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety of reduced-dosage ketoprofen (RDKET) for long-term oral administration in healthy dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 healthy Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Racemic ketoprofen (0.25 mg/kg, PO) and gelatin capsules, as a drug-free placebo, were each administered to 7 dogs for 30 days. Dogs were periodically monitored via physical examination, blood analyses, endoscopic examinations, fecal occult blood tests (tetramethylbenzidine and guaiac methods), renal function tests (effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate), urinalyses, urinary enzyme indices (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase), and hemostatic function tests (buccal mucosa bleeding time, cuticle bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen concentration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pyloric antrum lesion grade was significantly higher in the RDKET group on day 28, compared with the pretreatment and control group grades. Fecal occult blood grade measured by use of the tetramethylbenzidine method was significantly higher in the RDKET group on day 30, compared with the pretreatment grade. No other significant differences were detected between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RDKET induced mild to moderate gastric mucosal injuries especially in the pyloric antrum in healthy Beagles, whereas no adverse effects were observed in renal function or hemostasis. Fecal occult blood tests may be useful as screening tests for adverse gastrointestinal effects induced by RDKET in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Reeko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomizawa
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D004285:Dogs; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007660:Ketoprofen