title: Understanding the molecular basis of the interaction between NDPK-A and AMPK alpha 1.
abstract: Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) (nm23/awd) belongs to a multifunctional family of highly conserved proteins (approximately 16 to 20 kDa) including two well-characterized isoforms (NDPK-A and -B). NDPK catalyzes the conversion of nucleoside diphosphates to nucleoside triphosphates, regulates a diverse array of cellular events, and can act as a protein histidine kinase. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric protein complex that responds to the cellular energy status by switching off ATP-consuming pathways and switching on ATP-generating pathways when ATP is limiting. AMPK was first discovered as an activity that inhibited preparations of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1), a regulator of cellular fatty acid synthesis. We recently reported that NDPK-A (but not NDPK-B) selectively regulates the alpha1 isoform of AMPK independently of the AMP concentration such that the manipulation of NDPK-A nucleotide trans-phosphorylation activity to generate ATP enhanced the activity of AMPK. This regulation occurred irrespective of the surrounding ATP concentration, suggesting that "substrate channeling" was occurring with the shielding of NDPK-generated ATP from the surrounding medium. We speculated that AMPK alpha1 phosphorylated NDPK-A during their interaction, and here, we identify two residues on NDPK-A targeted by AMPK alpha1 in vivo. We find that NDPK-A S122 and S144 are phosphorylated by AMPK alpha1 and that the phosphorylation status of S122, but not S144, determines whether substrate channeling can occur. We report the cellular effects of the S122 mutation on ACC1 phosphorylation and demonstrate that the presence of E124 (absent in NDPK-B) is necessary and sufficient to permit both AMPK alpha1 binding and substrate channeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Russell M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Kate J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Treharne
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnaud-Dabernat
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foretz
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Viollet
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D054778:NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases; D010455:Peptides; D021122:Protein Subunits; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; C526180:PRKAA1 protein, human; C517938:NME1 protein, human; C517939:Nme1 protein, mouse; D009701:Nucleoside-Diphosphate Kinase