title: Method validation and determination of enantiomers and conformers in tofisopam drug substances and drug products by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography and kinetic and thermodynamic study of the interconversion of the conformers.
abstract: 1-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl-7,8-dimethoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine (tofisopam) contains one chiral center, so two enantiomeric forms exist. The ring system of tofisopam possesses two sterically stable boat structures, leading to two distinct conformers for each enantiomer. A method was developed for the separation of these enantiomers and conformers in the drug substances and drug products. Separation was achieved with a separation factor of at least 3.9 for any adjacent peaks. Validation of the method challenged linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, specificity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, robustness, and stability of standard and sample solutions, and all validation results met the acceptance criteria. A study of accuracy at 80%, 100%, and 120% levels gave recoveries of 100 +/- 1%. The RSD of six sample injections for repeatability was less than 0.5%. The detection limit of tofisopam enantiomer was as low as 0.12 microg/mL. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the interconversion of tofisopam conformers were also investigated, and the kinetic and equilibrium constants of the interconversion process were determined at 15 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 35 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Patheon Inc., Mississauga, Ont. L5N 7K9, Canada. mougang.hu@patheon.com
authors.forename: Mougang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Junan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Naidong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C012582:tofisopam