title: Pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: is deep hypothermia required?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether deep (<20 degrees C) hypothermia is necessary in patients undergoing pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and February 2005, 30 patients (New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV) were randomly assigned to increasing (1 degrees C) levels of moderate (28-32 degrees C) hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), each study group including six patients. Primary study endpoint was adverse neurological outcome. Overall preoperative total pulmonary vascular resistance was 1110+/-192 dynes cm(-5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean CPB and cross-clamp times, and core temperature at the time of circulatory arrests were 129+/-39 min and 92+/-24 min, and 30.1+/-1.5 degrees C, respectively. Circulatory arrest was induced 2+/-0.7 times and its mean total duration was 10.3+/-5.2 min (range, 2-19 min). Postoperatively, three patients (10%) belonging to the 31 degrees C (n=1) and 32 degrees C (n=2) groups suffered from temporary neurological dysfunction. Postoperative mechanical ventilatory support and ICU stay were 26.3+/-18.9 h and 6.6+/-8.5 days, respectively, and uninfluenced by degree of hypothermia. There were no lung reperfusion injuries or any other major complications. All patients had a significant hemodynamic improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that pulmonary endarterectomy can be safely performed with moderate hypothermia and short periods of circulatory arrests without the need of profound hypothermia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. pmacchiarini@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Macchiarini
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hagl
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Winterhalter
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barbera
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karck
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pomar
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001831:Body Temperature; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004691:Endarterectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*