title: Cardioprotective medication use in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with renal failure, accounting for more than 50% of deaths in end-stage renal disease. Risk factor modification with the use of cardioprotective medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-blockers), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) has been shown to reduce mortality in the general population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of use of these medications in a hemodialysis population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of a cohort of 185 prevalent hemodialysis patients. The inclusion criterion was dialysis dependence and there were no exclusion criteria. Data collection was by chart review. Contraindications to individual medication classes were not obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 185 patients enrolled, the mean age was 63.42+/-15.1 years and 126 (68.1%) were male. Sixty-six (35.7%) patients had diabetes and 89 (48.1%) patients had established coronary artery disease (CAD). Forty-six (24.9%) patients were on ACEIs or angiotensin II receptor blockers, 59 (31.9%) were on beta-blockers, 70 (37.8%) were on ASA and 84 (45.4%) were on statins. Although these medications were used in fewer than 60% of patients, those with CAD were more likely to be prescribed an ACEI or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (P=0.026), a beta-blocker (P<0.001), ASA (P<0.001) or a statin (P=0.001) than those without CAD. There were no differences in the use of these medications between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many hemodialysis patients are not prescribed cardioprotective medications. Given the high cardiovascular mortality in this high-risk population, more attention to reducing cardiovascular risk is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nephrology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. lmiller@exchange.hsc.mb.ca
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Wilma M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hopman
authors.forename: Jocelyn S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Yeates
authors.forename: Rachel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pilkey
mesh_terms: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents