title: Quantification of spontaneous locomotion activity in foals kept in pastures under various management conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe spontaneous locomotion activity of foals kept under various management conditions and assess the suitability of global positioning system (GPS) technology for recording foal activity. Animals-59 foals.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the foals' first 4 months of life, 921 observation periods (15 minutes each) were collected and analyzed for locomotion activities. The GPS system was evaluated by simultaneously carrying out field observations with a handheld computer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Foals spent 0.5% of total observed time cantering, 0.2% trotting, 10.7% walking, 32.0% grazing, 34.8% standing, and 21.6% lying down. Total observed daytime workload (velocity x distance) in the first month was approximately twice that in the following months. Locomotion activity decreased with increasing age. Colts had more activity than fillies in certain periods, and foals that were stabled for some portion of the day had compensatory locomotion activity, which was probably insufficient to reach the level of foals kept continually outside. The GPS recordings and handheld-computer observations were strongly correlated for canter, trot, and walk and moderately correlated for standing and lying. Correlation for grazing was low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicated that domestically managed foals, when kept 24 h/d at pasture, will exercise at a level comparable with feral foals. High workload during the first month of life might be important for conditioning the musculoskeletal system. The GPS technique accurately quantified canter, trot, and walk activities; less accurately indexed resting; and was unsuitable for grazing because of the wide array of velocities used while foraging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C M H Chantal
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kurvers
authors.forename: P René
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: van Weeren
authors.forename: Chris W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Machteld C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van Dierendonck
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics