Endoscopic management of facial fractures.
OBJECTIVE
Endoscopic applications in otolaryngology continue to expand, most recently in the area of maxillofacial trauma. Endoscopic management of orbital blow-out, frontal sinus, zygomatic arch, and subcondylar fractures has been described. This paper reviews the current literature including new techniques, indications, and outcomes in endoscopic management of facial fractures.


RESULTS
Very few large studies of endoscopic fracture repair exist. The current literature, however, suggests that, when compared with an open approach, smaller endoscopic incisions result in reduced patient morbidity with similar outcomes. Dedicated endoscopic instrumentation and novel surgical approaches continue to be developed.


CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic repair of facial fractures is a new and evolving technique that offers the potential for reduced patient morbidity and operating time, as well as quicker patient recovery. Current applications include the management of orbital blow-out, frontal sinus, zygomatic arch, and subcondylar fractures. It should be emphasized that endoscopy augments, rather than replaces, the 'time tested' principles of adequate skeletal exposure, accurate fracture reduction, and appropriate internal fixation.
Pham
Annette M
AM
Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, 95817, USA.
Strong
E Bradley
EB
D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015050:Zygoma / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery