title: Extended-release bupropion for patients with major depressive disorder presenting with symptoms of reduced energy, pleasure, and interest: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of extended-release bupropion (bupropion XL) in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) with prominent symptoms of decreased energy, pleasure, and interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible adult outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for MDD were randomly assigned to bupropion XL 300 to 450 mg/day (N = 135) or placebo (N = 139) for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy measure, change from baseline on the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report (IDS-IVR-30) total score, was obtained using interactive voice response (IVR) technology. Secondary measures included change from baseline on the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated (IDS-C-30) total score and change in domain subset scores for energy, pleasure, and interest; for insomnia; and for anxiety. Response and remission rates were also calculated. Safety was assessed by withdrawal rates, adverse events (AEs), body weight, and vital signs. The study was conducted from June 24, 2003, to June 30, 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bupropion XL was superior to placebo at endpoint in reducing the IDS-IVR-30 total score (p = .018) and the energy, pleasure, and interest domain (p = .007) and the insomnia domain (p = .023) scores. IDS-C-30 outcomes were also significant (p < .001; p < .001, and p = .008, respectively). Clinician-rated remission rates were significantly higher with bupropion XL than placebo (32% vs. 18%, IDS-C-30; 41% vs. 27%, IDS-IVR-30), as were response rates (50% vs. 35%, IDS-C-30; 53% vs. 38%, Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement of Illness). Most AEs were mild or moderate. The incidence of a >or= 7% body weight loss was 3.7% with bupropion XL and 1.4% with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bupropion XL was effective and well tolerated in MDD patients with decreased energy, pleasure, and interest.
authors.affiliation: Madison Institute of Medicine, Madison, WI 53717, USA. jjefferson@healthtechsys.com
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: J Craig
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: VanMeter
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishen
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hampton
authors.forename: Donna S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wightman
authors.forename: Jack G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Modell
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D016642:Bupropion; D015761:4-Aminopyridine