title: Intraspecific bovine herpesvirus 1 recombinants carrying glycoprotein E deletion as a vaccine marker are virulent in cattle.
abstract: Vaccines used in control programmes of Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) utilize highly attenuated BoHV-1 strains marked by a deletion of the glycoprotein E (gE) gene. Since BoHV-1 recombinants are obtained at high frequency in experimentally coinfected cattle, the consequences of recombination on the virulence of gE-negative BoHV-1 were investigated. Thus, gE-negative BoHV-1 recombinants were generated in vitro from several virulent BoHV-1 and one mutant BoHV-1 deleted in the gC and gE genes. Four gE-negative recombinants were tested in the natural host. All the recombinants were more virulent than the gE-negative BoHV-1 vaccine and the gC- and gE-negative parental BoHV-1. The gE-negative recombinant isolated from a BoHV-1 field strain induced the highest severe clinical score. Latency and reactivation studies showed that three of the recombinants were reexcreted. Recombination can therefore restore virulence of gE-negative BoHV-1 by introducing the gE deletion into a different virulence background.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muylkens
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meurens
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Virology, CER Group, B-6900 Marloie, Belgium.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schynts
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farnir
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourchet
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bardiau
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Sacha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gogev
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thiry
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuisenaire
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanderplasschen
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster 20 B43b, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Liège), Belgium.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thiry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers; D001831:Body Temperature; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000235:genetics; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015415:Biomarkers; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C046998:bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoproteins