title: Hospitalization and mortality of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe hospitalization and mortality outcomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitalizations of patients with SLE (n = 76,961) were identified from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, spanning 5 years from 1998 to 2002. Correlates of mortality were analyzed using logistic regression, while those of hospitalization charges were studied using median regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 11% of all hospitalizations were for SLE and/or lupus flare. There were 2454 (3.1%) hospitalizations that ended in death. Half of all deaths occurred within 7 days after admission. There were 3 peaks in mortality risk after admission, the first on Day 6, the second Day 33, the third Day 57. Patients in higher income strata and those with private insurance had better mortality outcomes than the rest. Hospitalization charges were expensive, at about US $10,000 per incident. Hospital charges were driven primarily by length of stay and number of medical procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitalizations for SLE are expensive, and 1 in 30 hospitalizations culminates in death. There appears to be a trimodal pattern in the time risk of death following admission. Patients with higher socioeconomic status and those with private insurance were less likely to die in hospital.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. arthritis.md@gmail.com
authors.forename: Eswar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology