title: Probiotic bacteria reduced duration and severity but not the incidence of common cold episodes in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: To investigate the effect of long-term consumption of probiotic bacteria on viral respiratory tract infections (common cold, influenza), a randomized, double blind, controlled intervention study was performed during two winter/spring periods (3 and 5 month). Four hundred and seventy-nine healthy adults were supplemented daily with vitamins plus minerals with or without probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The intake of the probiotic had no effect on the incidence of common cold infections (verum=158, control=153 episodes, influenza was not observed), but significantly shortened duration of episodes by almost 2 days (7.0+/-0.5 versus 8.9+/-1.0 days, p=0.045), reduced the severity of symptoms and led to larger increases in cytotoxic T plus T suppressor cell counts and in T helper cell counts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Food, Hermann-Weigmann-Strasse 1, D-24103 Kiel, Germany. devrese@bafm.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Vrese
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rautenberg
authors.forename: Timm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noah
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laue
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hampe
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schrezenmeir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003139:Common Cold / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines