title: Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits the endothelin axis and downstream signaling pathways in ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: The polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the principal mediator of the green tea, has been known to possess antitumor effect. The endothelin A receptor (ET(A)R)/endothelin-1 (ET-1) axis is overexpressed in ovarian carcinoma representing a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we examined the green tea and EGCG effects on two ovarian carcinoma cell lines, HEY and OVCA 433. EGCG inhibited ovarian cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis that was associated with a decrease in Bcl-X(L) expression and activation of caspase-3. Treatment with green tea or EGCG inhibited ET(A)R and ET-1 expression and reduced the basal and ET-1-induced cell proliferation and invasion. The EGCG-induced inhibitory effects were associated with a decrease of ET(A)R-dependent activation of the p42/p44 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. Remarkably, EGCG treatment resulted in a lowering of basal and ET-1-induced angiogenesis and invasiveness mediators, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor proteinase activation. Finally, in HEY ovarian carcinoma xenografts, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by oral administration of green tea. This effect was associated with a reduction in ET-1, ET(A)R, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, microvessel density, and proliferation index. These results provide a novel insight into the mechanism by which EGCG, affecting multiple ET(A)R-dependent pathways, may inhibit ovarian carcinoma growth, suggesting that EGCG may be useful in preventing and treating ovarian carcinoma in which ET(A)R activation by ET-1 plays a critical role in tumor growth and progression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Ultrastructure, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro, 156, 00158 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spinella
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosanò
authors.forename: Valeriana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Castro
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Decandia
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albini
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nicotra
authors.forename: Pier Giorgio
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Natali
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagnato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013662:Tea; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D013662:Tea; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases