Advances in scalp reconstruction.
OBJECTIVE
The present review summarizes traditional and advanced techniques used to reconstruct defects of the scalp. These deformities range from small defects that can be closed primarily to significant defects, which require free tissue transfer.


RESULTS
Increased use of tissue expanders, advancement rotational flaps, and hair transplantation has resulted in improved cosmetic outcomes for larger defects of the scalp. Free tissue transfer has provided a revolutionary method of reconstructing subtotal and total defects of the scalp, in particular those associated with neoplasms.


CONCLUSIONS
New advances in techniques of scalp reconstruction have provided improved outcomes in terms of cosmetic appearance and decreased morbidity for scalp reconstruction.
Lee
Samson
S
Department of Otolaryngology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, 95817, USA.
Rafii
Amir A
AA
Sykes
Jonathan
J
D006197:Hair / Q000637:transplantation; D006801:Humans; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012535:Scalp / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015626:Tissue Expansion; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome