title: Study of energy expenditure during activities of daily living using and not using body position recommended by energy conservation techniques in patients with COPD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the energy spent by COPD patients using or not using energy conservation techniques (ECTs) during activities of daily living (ADL).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were evaluated in two different situations as stated above. For both applications, the following variables were measured during four ADL with or without using postures recommended by ECTs: metabolic (oxygen consumption [V(O2)] and carbon dioxide production [V(CO2)]), ventilatory (minute ventilation), cardiovascular (heart rate [HR] and oxygen pulse), and dyspnea (Borg score).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen male COPD patients (mean age, 62 years) with moderate-to-very-severe COPD (mean FEV1, 40%) participated in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of ECTs during ADL related to personal hygiene reduced V(O2) (13.4%), V(CO2) (12.8%), HR (13.7%), and Borg score (1 point) [p < 0.05]. Putting on and taking off shoes did not change V(O2), V(CO2), and HR but reduced the Borg score (0.6 point) [p < 0.05]. Storing groceries on high shelves reduced V(O2) (12.2%), V(CO2) (9.9%), HR (5.1%), and Borg score (0.75 point). Storing groceries on low shelves reduced V(O2) (28.1%), V(CO2) (24.3%), HR (5.4%), and Borg score (0.8 point) [p < 0.05].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of energy conservation techniques in COPD patients during ADL reduces energy cost and dyspnea perception.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velloso
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jardim
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013997:Time Factors