title: Identification of the key aroma compounds in cocoa powder based on molecular sensory correlations.
abstract: Isolation of the volatile fraction from cocoa powder (50 g; 20% fat content) by a careful extraction/distillation process followed by application of an aroma extract dilution analysis revealed 35 odor-active constituents in the flavor dilution (FD) factor range of 8-4096. Among them, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (caramel-like), 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid (sweaty, rancid), dimethyl trisulfide (cooked cabbage), 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (potato-chip-like), and phenylacetaldehyde (honey-like) showed the highest FD factors. Quantitation of 31 key odorants by means of stable isotope dilution assays, followed by a calculation of their odor activity values (OAVs) (ratio of concentration to odor threshold) revealed OAVs>100 for the five odorants acetic acid (sour), 3-methylbutanal (malty), 3-methylbutanoic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, and 2-methylbutanal (malty). In addition, another 19 aroma compounds showed OAVs>1. To establish their contribution to the overall aroma of the cocoa powder, these 24 compounds were added to a reconstructed cocoa matrix in exactly the same concentrations as they occurred in the cocoa powder. The matrix was prepared from deodorized cocoa powder, which was adjusted to 20% fat content using deodorized cocoa butter. The overall sensory evaluation of this aroma recombinate versus the cocoa powder clearly indicated that the 24 compounds represented the typical sweet, cocoa-like odor of the real sample.
authors.affiliation: Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauendorfer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schieberle
mesh_terms: D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D003903:Deuterium; D005519:Food Preservation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012903:Smell; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D003903:Deuterium