title: Evaluation of skin dose in a low dose spiral CT protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluated radiation and skin doses absorbed by the eye lens, as well as the parotid and thyroid glands, during a low dose maxillary spiral computed tomography (CT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three spiral CTs were carried out, one after the other, changing from time to time MAS, pitch factor, Kv and consequently, CTDI/Vol, until the minimum values detectable by the equipment were reached (MAS 28, Kv 80, CTDI/Vol 2.5, Pitch 1). The quality of the images was evaluated on the grounds of being able to visualise the anatomic structures considered. The amount of radiation effectively absorbed by the soft tissue (skin doses) can be measured with the help of dosimeters placed at the level of eye lens, parotid and thyroid glands. The spiral CTs were performed with a Siemens 16 CT sensation machine, using a tissue equivalent Head-Neck RT Humanoid phantom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the results of this study, it appears possible to obtain high quality images, useful for diagnosing numerous skeletal pathologies in orthodontics, reducing of about 90% the radiation dose per unit of volume and, at the same time, reducing the soft tissue (skin) dose of about 85% when compared to pre-established settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude their research emphasizing the possibility of applying low dose protocols, not only in orthodontics but in any dental field, whenever a spiral CT is needed for a more detailed diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Dept., Dental School, University of Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matarese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Militi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nucera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gatto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cordasco
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline; D010306:Parotid Gland; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013961:Thyroid Gland; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000379:methods*