title: [Molecular-targeted therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer].
abstract: Molecular-targeted therapy is to treat pathologic pathways specifically in tumor cell or tumor microenvironment. Specific molecular-targeted therapeutic agents for hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) include endothelin-A receptor antagonist, EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor, nuclear factor of kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor, and active form of Vitamin D. These agents have been investigated in clinical trials. So far, none of the above-mentioned agent has shown a sufficient clinical efficacy alone. However, docetaxel-based combinations with thalidomide or calcitriol have promising clinical activities. Further investigations are needed to optimize the molecular-targeted agents in the combinations with chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of HRPC.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077868:Atrasentan; D001549:Benzamides; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069286:Bortezomib; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068579:Celecoxib; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D001897:Boronic Acids; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D065130:Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; D010879:Piperazines; D011719:Pyrazines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D011799:Quinazolines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014807:Vitamin D; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D002117:Calcitriol; D000068579:Celecoxib; D000077156:Gefitinib; D000077868:Atrasentan