title: In situ androgen production in human gastric carcinoma--androgen synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that the incidence of gastric carcinoma is lower in females than in males. Therefore, androgens have been proposed to play an important role in modifying the development of gastric carcinoma. 5Alpha-reductase (5alpha-reductase) types 1 and 2 and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 5 (17beta-HSD type 5) are considered important local regulators of androgen production in human androgen-responsive tissues and cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunoreactivities of these steroidogenic enzymes, as well as of the androgen receptor (AR), were evaluated in human gastric carcinoma obtained from endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (n = 117).
  
  
  RESULTS
  17beta-HSD type 5 immunoreactivity was detected in 99 cases (85%), 5alpha-reductase type 1 in 69 cases (59%), 5alpha-reductase type 2 in 57 cases (49%) and AR in 46 cases (39%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These androgen-producing enzymes are expressed in human gastric carcinomas and are involved in the in situ production and possible regulation of androgenic activity in human gastric carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imatani
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Syuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasano
mesh_terms: D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074425:Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3; D000728:Androgens / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D015067:17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; C487341:AKR1C3 protein, human; D000074425:Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; C476566:steroid-5alpha-reductase type 1; C476567:steroid-5alpha-reductase type 2