title: Differences in diagnosis and treatment using telemedicine versus in-person evaluation of acute illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We designed a telemedicine model for diagnosis of common, acute illness to compare telemedicine and in-person evaluations on reproducibility of diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were seen by usual physicians in ambulatory settings. Subjects were also evaluated separately by experienced general pediatricians (study physicians), either in person or via telemedicine, based on random assignment. The primary measure of reproducibility was study physician agreement with usual physician on primary diagnosis. Analysis compared reproducibility for telemedicine versus in-person evaluations. Relevance of agreement on primary diagnosis was measured by comparing agreement on prescribed medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement on diagnosis of study physicians with usual physicians for the 492 visits studied was 89%. The difference in the proportion of visits with disagreements between telemedicine study and in-person study evaluations (13.8% vs 8.3%, respectively) bordered on significance (P = .051). Disagreement proportions for prescriptions were similar (32.2% vs 27.4%), however. Telemedicine evaluation for children with upper respiratory tract (URI)-ear symptoms involved unique technical requirements and clinical judgments. For this largest subgroup of 202 visits, disagreement on diagnosis for telemedicine occurred more often than for in-person evaluation (17.6 vs 6.3%, P < .02). For the remaining 290 visits, telemedicine and in-person study physicians disagreed on diagnosis about equally (11.5 vs 9.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excluding the URI-ear group, reproducibility of telemedicine diagnosis did not differ from that of in-person diagnosis. For the URI-ear group, reproducibility of diagnosis by telemedicine and in-person evaluation varied significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, university of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. ken_mcconnochie@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: McConnochie
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Conners
authors.forename: Anne F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Brayer
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goepp
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Herendeen
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Danielle S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Roghmann
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002648:Child; D003933:Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D017216:Telemedicine