title: Transient ischemic attack and nephrotic syndrome: Case report and review of literature.
abstract: Thrombotic complications in patients with nephrotic syndrome are attributed to a hypercoagulable state. Venous thrombosis is common, but arterial thrombosis occurs less frequently in adult nephrotic patients. We report a case of recurrent transient ischemic attacks as an initial manifestation of nephrotic syndrome due to early-stage membranous glomerulonephritis, review the literature for similar cases, and briefly discuss this potentially life-threatening condition. We observed that transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke could be the initial manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. Our observation may serve as reminder to consider nephrotic syndrome as a possible contributor when evaluating patients with transient ischemic attacks with no other discernable clues. A high index of suspicion alone avoids the unnecessary withholding of prophylaxis or treatment that can be life saving.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794-9636, USA. snandish@siumed.edu
authors.forename: Shailesh S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nandish
authors.forename: Romesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khardori
authors.forename: Elamin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Elamin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012008:Recurrence