title: Is antisocial personality disorder continuous or categorical? A taxometric analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the DSM-IV-TR is organized into discrete disorders, the question of whether a given disorder possesses a dimensional or a categorical latent structure is an empirical one that can be examined using taxometric methods. The objective of this study was to ascertain the latent structure of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 1146 male offenders incarcerated in state prisons (n=569), or court-ordered to residential drug treatment (n=577). Participants were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II) to assess ASPD symptoms; they also completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) ASPD scale. Taxometric analyses were performed to examine whether ASPD is underpinned by a discrete category or a dimensional construct.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple taxometric procedures using two different sets of indicators provided no evidence that ASPD has a taxonic latent structure. Instead, the results were far more consistent with the proposition that ASPD exists on a continuum, regardless of whether it is assessed using a structured interview or a self-report measure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence that ASPD is dimensional suggests that it is best studied using continuous measures and that dichotomizing individuals into ASPD versus non-ASPD groups will typically result in decreased statistical power. The findings are also consistent with a multifactorial etiology for ASPD and with recent attempts to conceptualize ASPD within the framework of extant dimensional models of personality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0001, USA. david.marcus@usm.edu
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Scott O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Lilienfeld
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Edens
authors.forename: Norman G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Poythress
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States