title: Herpes simplex virus evades natural killer T cell recognition by suppressing CD1d recycling.
abstract: Natural killer T cells, which are stimulated by lipids presented by CD1d molecules, are crucial in antiviral host defense. How viruses evade natural killer T cell recognition remains unclear. Here we show that infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reduced CD1d surface expression on antigen-presenting cells. HSV-1 did not inhibit CD1d protein synthesis or enhance constitutive CD1d endocytosis. Instead, HSV-1 prevented the reappearance of endocytosed CD1d on the cell surface by redistributing endocytosed CD1d to the lysosome limiting membrane. HSV-1 might also inhibit the transport of newly synthesized CD1d to the cell surface. Such inhibition of CD1d surface expression impaired antigen-presenting cell-mediated stimulation of natural killer T cells, supporting the idea that this mechanism may be an important HSV-1 immune evasion strategy.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8011, USA.
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Anindya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cresswell
mesh_terms: D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; D055610:Antigens, CD1d; C526877:CD1D protein, human