title: [Recognition of viral nucleic acids and regulation of type I IFN expression].
abstract: Recognition of viral nucleic acids with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the first step to induce innate immune system. Type I interferons (IFNs), central mediators in the antiviral innate immunity, are responsible for induction of cytokines and chemokines that disrupt virus replication. Recent studies indicated that there are at least two distinct pathways for the induction of type I IFN by viral infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are extracellular and endosomal PRRs for microbial pathogens whereas retinoic acid inducible gene-I(RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5(MDA5) are novel intracellular PRRs for viral dsRNA. In this report we describe the distinct mechanisms inducing type I IFNs through TLRs and RIG-I/MDA5 pathways.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Onomoto
authors.forename: Mitsutoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D020365:RNA Helicases / Q000502:physiology; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C452820:RIGI protein, human; C452815:IFIH1 protein, human; D000071457:DEAD Box Protein 58; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D000072640:Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; D020365:RNA Helicases