title: Girls' activity levels and lesson contexts in middle school PE: TAAG baseline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess girls' physical activity (PA) in middle school physical education (PE) as it relates to field site, lesson context and location, teacher gender, and class composition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed girls' PA levels, lesson contexts, and activity promotion by teachers in 431 lessons in 36 schools from six field sites participating in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls. Interobserver reliabilities exceeded 90% for all three categories. Data were analyzed using mixed-model ANOVA with controls for clustering effects by field site and school.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean lesson length was 37.3 (+/-9.4) min. Time (13.9+/-7.0 min) and proportion of lessons (37.9+/-18.5%) spent in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and time (4.8+/-4.2 min) and proportion of lessons (13.1+/-11.7%) in vigorous PA (VPA) differed by field site (P<0.004). Lesson time for instructional contexts differed by field site, with overall proportions as follows: game play (27.3%), management (26.1%), fitness activities (19.7%), skill drills (12.1%), knowledge (10.6%), and free play (4.4%). Coed classes were 7.9 min longer than girls-only classes (P=0.03). Although 27 s shorter, outdoor lessons were more intense (MVPA%=45.7 vs 33.7% of lesson, P<0.001) and provided 4.0 more MVPA minutes (P<0.001). MVPA, VPA, and lesson contexts did not differ by teacher gender. There was little direct promotion of PA by teachers during lessons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial variation in the conduct of PE exists. Proportion of lesson time girls spent accruing MVPA (i.e., 37.9%) fell short of the Healthy People 2010 objective of 50%. Numerous possibilities exist for improving girls' PA in PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, CA 92182-7251, USA. tmckenzie@sdsu.edu
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Diane J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Catellier
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grieser
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pratt
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Elder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015444:Exercise; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019370:Observation; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D012574:Schools; D014481:United States