title: The effect of female tobacco smoking on IVF outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cigarette smoking is widely believed to be associated with decreased fecundity in naturally conceiving populations; however, the effect of female smoking on pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing IVF is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of 389 consecutive patients undergoing first cycle IVF was performed. Outcomes of peak estradiol (E(2)) levels, log mean ovarian volume, number of oocytes retrieved, oocyte maturity in ICSI, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, percentage of high-quality embryos, pregnancy and live birth were assessed in patients reported as never smokers, past smokers and current smokers. Potential confounding variables evaluated included day 3 FSH, number of oocytes retrieved, embryo quality, caffeine and alcohol consumption. The population was also stratified by female age (<35 and >or=35 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9.3% of our patients reported current smoking and 12.1% reported a history of smoking. Smoking status did not significantly affect pregnancy outcome, live birth rate or any other indicated outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A total of 21.4% of IVF patients in this study had past or present exposure to cigarette smoking with no measurable effect on IVF outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA. Kristen.Wright@vtmednet.org
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Trimarchi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allsworth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keefe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001723:Birth Rate; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*