title: Bloodless partial nephrectomy with a new high-intensity collimated ultrasonic coagulating applicator in the porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term hemostatic efficacy of a new high-intensity collimated ultrasonic (HICU) applicator for open subhilar partial nephrectomy (PN) in the porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  An applicator was designed with a planar 3.78-MHz HICU transducer and a reflector to optimize the delivery of acoustic energy to coagulate renal tissue. Six female pigs underwent right PN, followed at day 7 by left PN. The 6 pigs were killed on day 14. The treatment consisted of delivering HICU to a lower pole subhilar location, under a vascular clamp, then releasing the clamp, and cutting the kidney lower pole. The immediate and delayed hemostatic efficacy, treatment parameters, blood loss, complications, and renal function were evaluated at each surgical event and at necropsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perfect hemostasis was achieved with all 12 kidneys, with a mean treatment time of 7.2 minutes (range 5 to 9.2). The mean proportion of resected parenchyma was 21% (range 14% to 32%). No renal function impairment and no major complications were recorded. At necropsy, no secondary hematoma was observed, and three urinomas (25%) were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our HICU applicator has shown promising results during PN in the pig model with no other method of hemostasis. More studies are needed to refine our probe for laparoscopic surgery, improve its ergonomics, and extend our experiments to human laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France. gfj-murat@club-internet.fr
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Murat
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lafon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cathignol
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Theillère
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gelet
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chapelon
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*