title: A tyrosine-sulfated peptide derived from the heavy-chain CDR3 region of an HIV-1-neutralizing antibody binds gp120 and inhibits HIV-1 infection.
abstract: Sulfated tyrosines at the amino terminus of the principal HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 play a critical role in its ability to bind the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and mediate HIV-1 entry. Human antibodies that recognize the CCR5-binding region of gp120 are also modified by tyrosine sulfation, which is necessary for their ability to neutralize HIV-1. Here we demonstrate that a sulfated peptide derived from the CDR3 region of one of these antibodies, E51, can efficiently bind gp120. Association of this peptide, pE51, with gp120 requires tyrosine sulfation and is enhanced by, but not dependent on, CD4. Alteration of any of four pE51 tyrosines, or alteration of gp120 residues 420, 421, or 422, critical for association with CCR5, prevents gp120 association with pE51. pE51 neutralizes HIV-1 more effectively than peptides based on the CCR5 amino terminus and may be useful as a fusion partner with other protein inhibitors of HIV-1 entry. Our data provide further insight into the association of the CCR5 amino terminus with gp120, show that a conserved, sulfate-binding region of gp120 is accessible to inhibitors in the absence of CD4, and suggest that soluble mimetics of CCR5 can be more effective than previously appreciated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772, USA.
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dorfman
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Guth
authors.forename: Hyeryun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farzan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000737:chemistry*; D015658:HIV Infections; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D010455:Peptides; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D013431:Sulfates; D014443:Tyrosine