title: Laparoscopic cystectomy with extracorporeal-assisted urinary diversion: experience with 34 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open radical cystectomy remains the gold standard for nonmetastatic muscle invasive bladder cancer. Laparoscopic cystectomy has been described as a feasible procedure and is still being evaluated. We describe our initial experience with this laparoscopic surgical approach in 34 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 2002 to October 2004, 18 men and 16 women underwent laparoscopic cystectomy with extracorporeal-assisted urinary diversion for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (n=27), invasive cervical carcinoma (n=4), and atrophic bladder (n=3). We report here on specific technical details and present initial results of our series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operating time was 244 min, the mean blood loss 325 ml, and the transfusion rate 5.9%. All procedures were completed laparascopically without conversion to open techniques. No major complications occurred during or after the operation. In case of urothelial malignancy (n=27), the histopathologic analysis of the removed specimen revealed organ-confined transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in 66.7% (pT1:14.8%; pT2: 51.9%) and locally advanced disease in 33.3% (pT3: 25.9%; pT4: 7.4%). In two cases final histology proved positive surgical margins. Extended lymphadenectomy detected lymph node metastasis in two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that the combination of laparoscopic cystectomy and extracorporeal urinary diversion is possible and remains a safe, feasible, and repeatable surgical technique. To determine the oncologic outcome long-time follow-up will be necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, HELIOS-Hospital, Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany. holger.gerullis@gmx.net
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gerullis
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuemmel
authors.forename: Gralf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Popken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*