title: Bond strength of a composite luting agent to alumina ceramic surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of a dental luting agent to alumina ceramics after different surface pretreatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens (n=50) of pressed blocks (10 x 0 x 5 mm) of alumina ceramic (Procera AllCeram) were divided into untreated specimens (AF) as provided by the manufacturer and polished specimens (AP). Five groups of specimens (n=5 x 10) with different surface pretreatments were prepared. Groups 1 and 2: AF and AP without any pretreatment; Group 3: AF treated with silane, (AF-s); Group 4: AF treated with RF plasma spray (AF-RF); Group 5: AF treated with low fusing porcelain (AF-p) glass pearls. Composite cylinders (5 x 5 mm) were cemented to the test specimens with a resin luting agent. The specimens were loaded to failure in shear mode using a universal testing machine. Recorded loads were used to calculate SBS in MPa. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD multiple comparison test at alpha = 0.05. Scanning electron microscopic micrographs (SEM) were used to characterize surfaces of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polished surfaces had significantly lower SBS (p < 0.05) compared with untreated specimens (AP vs AF). Silanated, non-polished surfaces (AF-s) revealed lower SBS, even though the result was not significantly different from that of AF-s without silane treatment. Plasma treatment improved SBS by a factor of 2 (p<0.05) and treatment with low-fusing porcelain micro pearls increased SBS by a factor of 3 compared to untreated surfaces (p<0.05). The layer of glass pearls did not exceed 5 microm (SEM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitation of the conditions of this study, treatment of alumina oxide ceramic surfaces with a plasma spray coating or a low-fusing porcelain pearl layer significantly increased the SBS of a resin luting agent to the ceramic surface.
authors.affiliation: Scandinavian Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway. tore.derand@od.mah.se
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Derand
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molin
authors.forename: Ketil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kvam
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C105314:AllCeram; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012821:Silanes; D012833:Siloxanes; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C015917:hexamethyldisiloxane; D000537:Aluminum Oxide