title: Anthocyanidins inhibit migration of glioblastoma cells: structure-activity relationship and involvement of the plasminolytic system.
abstract: Complete resection of malignant glioblastomas is usually impossible because of diffuse and widespread invasion of tumor cells, and complementary approaches need to be developed in order to improve the efficacy of current treatments. Consumption of fruits and berries has been associated with decreased risk of developing cancer and there is great interest in the use of molecules from dietary origin to improve anticancer therapies. In this work, we report that the aglycons of the most abundant anthocyanins in fruits, cyanidin (Cy), delphinidin (Dp), and petunidin (Pt), act as potent inhibitors of glioblastoma cell migration. Dp clearly exhibited the highest inhibitory potency, this effect being related to the ortho-dihydroxyphenyl structure on the B-ring and the presence of a free hydroxyl group at position 3. Dp decreases the expression of both urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), acting at the transcriptional levels. In addition, Dp upregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and downregulated the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) but decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, the uPA-dependent conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, indicating that the upregulation of uPA observed with these compounds was not associated with induction of the plasminolytic activity. Overall, these results demonstrate that Dp, Pt, and Cy affect plasminogen activation, thus leading to the inhibition of glioblastoma cell migration and therefore they may be helpful for the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Médecine Moléculaire, Hôpital Ste-Justine-Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1C5.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamy
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lafleur
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bédard
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghrabi
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barrette
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gingras
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Béliveau
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D010958:Plasminogen; D005341:Fibrinolysin; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator