title: A comparative study on rat intestinal epithelial cells and resident gut bacteria (ii) effect of arsenite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to use facultative gut bacteria as an alternate to animals for the initial gastrointestinal toxicity screening of heavy metals, a comparative study on rat intestinal epithelial cells and resident gut bacteria was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  in vitro growth rate of four gut bacteria, dehydrogenase (DHA) and esterase (EA) activity test, intestinal epithelial and bacterial cell membrane enzymes and in situ effect of arsenite were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth profile of mixed resident population of gut bacteria and pure isolates of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. revealed an arsenite (2-20 ppm) concentration-dependent inhibition. The viability pattern of epithelial cells also showed similar changes. DHA and EA tests revealed significant inhibition (40%-72%) with arsenite exposure of 5 and 10 ppm in isolated gut bacteria and epithelial cells. Decrease in membrane alkaline phosphatase and Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase activities was in the range of 33%-55% in four bacteria at the arsenite exposure of 10 ppm, whereas it was 60%-65% in intestinal epithelial villus cells. in situ incubation of arsenite using intestinal loops also showed more or less similar changes in membrane enzymes of resident gut bacterial population and epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that facultative gut bacteria can be used as suitable in vitro model for the preliminary screening of arsenical gastrointestinal cytotoxic effects.
authors.affiliation: Biomembrane Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M. G. Marg, P. B. No. 80, Lucknow-226001, India. upretirk@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Upreti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018053:Arsenites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D004950:Esterases / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013723:Teratogens / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D003470:Culture Media; D013723:Teratogens; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D004950:Esterases; C015001:arsenite