title: CD14 directly binds to triacylated lipopeptides and facilitates recognition of the lipopeptides by the receptor complex of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 without binding to the complex.
abstract: It has demonstrated that the recognition of triacylated lipopeptides by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 requires TLR1 as a coreceptor. In the NF-kappaB reporter assay system in which human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with TLR2 and TLR1 together with an NF-kappaB luciferase reporter gene, S-(2,3-bispalmitoyloxypropyl)-N-palmitoyl-Cys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys (Pam(3)CSK(4)) and Pam(3)CSSNA were recognized by TLR2/TLR1, but the recognition level was unexpectedly very low. However, cotransfection of CD14 drastically enhanced the recognition of triacylated lipopeptides by TLR2/TLR1. The CD14-induced enhancement did not occur without cotransfection of TLR1. Both CD14(dS39-A48), a mutant with deletion of the part of possible N-terminal ligand-binding pocket, and anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody reduced the CD14-induced enhancement. Transfection of a TIR domain-deficient mutant of TLR2 (TLR2(dE772-S784)) or TLR1 (TLR1(dQ636-K779)) completely abrogated the CD14-induced enhancement. Soluble recombinant CD14 added extracellularly enhanced the recognition of Pam(3)CSSNA by TLR2/TLR1. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that CD14 was not associated with TLR2 but that TLR1 was associated with TLR2. In addition, surface plasmon resonance-based assay demonstrated that CD14 binds to Pam(3)CSK(4) at a dissociation constant of 5.7 microM. This study suggests that CD14 directly binds to triacylated lipopeptides and facilitates recognition of the lipopeptides by the TLR2/TLR1 complex without binding to the receptor complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Nishi 7, Kita 13, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiura
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D055666:Lipopeptides; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; C460864:FSL-1 lipoprotein, synthetic; D055666:Lipopeptides; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008074:Lipoproteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; C508075:Pam(3)CSK(4) peptide; D010455:Peptides; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; C038293:2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-2-propyl-N-palmitoyl-cysteinyl-seryl-seryl-asparaginyl-alanine