title: Brazilian-Portuguese validation of the University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire is an English-language survey instrument used worldwide to assess the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer. To be used in other cultures, such instruments require careful translation and psychometric validation in other languages.
  
  
  METHODS
  The translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire were performed following accepted international guidelines. The psychometric validation was performed on a consecutive series of patients with at least 1 year of disease-free survival after treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract, recruited from October 2004 to January 2005 from a tertiary cancer center hospital. Eligible subjects were invited to complete the Portuguese version of the UW-QOL questionnaire during routine clinical consultation and complete it again within 15 days. They also completed a validated Portuguese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and a questionnaire to evaluate anxiety and depression symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A Portuguese version of the questionnaire was developed in iterative fashion. In the psychometric validation process, a total of 109 patients were analyzed. Reliability was excellent, including both internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha [alpha] of 0.744) and test retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] of 0.882). Construct validity was supported by statistically significant relationships between the SF-36 and HAD questionnaires and the translated UW-QOL questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the UW-QOL questionnaire appears to be culturally appropriate and psychometrically valid. This version is a valuable tool to evaluate accurately the quality of life of Brazilian patients with head and neck cancer.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Cancer A. C. Camargo, Rua Professor Antonio Prudente, 211-01509-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Guilherme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vartanian
authors.forename: Andre Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Bevan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yueh
authors.forename: Cristina Lemos B
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Furia
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Ernest A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Weymuller
authors.forename: Luiz Paulo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires