title: A survey of inclusion of the time element when reporting adverse effects in randomised controlled trials of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adequacy of reporting the time element in adverse effects in articles on randomised clinical trials of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha antagonists was surveyed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prominent rheumatology and general/internal medicine journals were searched for all randomised controlled trials published about cyclo-oxygenase-2 and TNFalpha inhibitor use in rheumatological diseases up to November 2005. Reporting of time to the occurrence of the adverse effects, the use of patient years as the time frame of the reported adverse effects and the use of annual standard incidence ratios based on the surveillance, epidemiology and end-results (SEER) programme when reporting neoplasms as potential adverse effects of TNFalpha antagonists were specifically tabulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 23 of 70 (33%) of all articles gave the specific time of onset of an adverse effect. Nine studies used patient years to report the adverse effects and six studies used annual standard incidence ratios, using SEER, as the comparator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In reporting of adverse effects in randomised clinical trials, a particularly neglected issue is the reporting of the time dimension of adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: New York University, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York, USA. yusuf.yazici@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yazici
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazici
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D018426:SEER Program; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha