title: Predictors of pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis infected with multi-resistant bacteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined characteristics of adult and adolescent patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) to determine factors associated with an increased risk of pulmonary exacerbations.
  
  
  METHODS
  249 patients with CF infected with multidrug resistant bacteria were recruited and prospectively followed for up to 4.5 years until they experienced a pulmonary exacerbation severe enough to require intravenous antibiotics. Multivariable regression analyses were used to compare the characteristics of patients who experienced an exacerbation with those who did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  124 of the 249 patients (50%) developed a pulmonary exacerbation during the first year and 154 (62%) experienced an exacerbation during the 4.5 year study period. Factors predictive of exacerbations in a multivariable survival model were younger age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99), female sex (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.95), lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99), and a previous history of multiple pulmonary exacerbations (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.93 to 5.17). Chronic use of inhaled corticosteroids was associated with an increased risk of exacerbation (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.71) during the first study year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who experience pulmonary exacerbations are more likely to be younger, female, using inhaled steroids, have a lower FEV(1), and a history of multiple previous exacerbations. It is hoped that knowledge of these risk factors will allow better identification and closer monitoring of patients who are at high risk of exacerbations.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Hospital, General Campus, 501 Smyth Road, Mailbox 211, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Vandemheen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tullis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fergusson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doucette
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berthiaume
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilcox
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bye
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noseworthy
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Aaron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013256:Steroids / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013256:Steroids