title: Frequent detection of bocavirus DNA in German children with respiratory tract infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a substantial proportion of respiratory tract diseases of suspected infectious origin, the etiology is unknown. Some of these cases may be caused by the recently described human bocavirus (hBoV). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and the potential clinical relevance of hBoV in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested 835 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) obtained between 2002 and 2005 from pediatric in-patients with acute respiratory tract diseases at the University of Würzburg, Germany, for the presence of hBoV DNA. The specificity of positive PCR reactions was confirmed by sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HBoV DNA was found in 87 (10.3 %) of the NPAs. The median age of the infants and children with hBoV infection was 1.8 years (mean age 2.0 years; range 18 days - 8 years). Infections with hBoV were found year-round, though most occurred in the winter months. Coinfections were found in 34 (39.1 %) of the hBoV positive samples. RSV, influenza A, and adenoviruses were most frequently detected as coinfecting agents. Sequence determination of the PCR products in the NP-1 region revealed high identity (99 %) between the nucleotide sequences obtained in different years and in comparison to the Swedish viruses ST1 and ST2. An association of hBoV with a distinct respiratory tract manifestation was not apparent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBoV is frequently found in NPAs of hospitalized infants and children with acute respiratory tract diseases. Proving the clinical relevance of hBoV is challenging, because application of some of Koch's revised postulates is not possible. Because of the high rate of coinfections with hBoV and other respiratory tract pathogens, an association between hBoV and respiratory tract diseases remains unproven.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str, 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany. weissbrich@vim.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weissbrich
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neske
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tollmann
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blath
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blessing
authors.forename: Hans Wolfgang
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kreth
mesh_terms: D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D019219:Parvovirinae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral