title: Detection of novel skeletogenesis target genes by comprehensive analysis of a Runx2(-/-) mouse model.
abstract: Runx2 is an essential factor for skeletogenesis and heterozygous loss causes cleidocranial dysplasia in humans and a corresponding phenotype in the mouse. Homozygous Runx2-deficient mice lack hypertrophic cartilage and bone. We compared the expression profiles of E14.5 wildtype and Runx2(-/-) murine embryonal humeri to identify new transcripts potentially involved in cartilage and bone development. Seventy-one differentially expressed genes were identified by two independent oligonucleotide-microarray hybridizations and quantitative RT-PCR experiments. Gene Ontology analysis demonstrated an enrichment of the differentially regulated genes in annotations to terms such as extracellular, skeletal development, and ossification. In situ hybridization on E15.5 limb sections was performed for all 71 differentially regulated genes. For 54 genes conclusive in situ hybridization results were obtained and all of them showed skeletal expression. Co-expression with Runx2 was demonstrated for 44 genes. While 41 of the 71 differentially expressed genes have a known role in bone and cartilage, we identified 21 known genes that have not yet been implicated in skeletal development and 9 entirely new transcripts. Expression in the developing skeleton was demonstrated for 21 of these genes.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195 Berlin,Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stiege
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dieterich
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kornak
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wilkening
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brieske
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zwingman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kidess
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mundlos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002973:Cleidocranial Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; C493716:Runx2 protein, mouse