title: Carvedilol restore cardiac calcium release channel structure and function in heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ryanodine receptor (RyR2) on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is the key calcium release channel required for excitation-contraction coupling. In failing hearts, the stoichiometry and function of the RyR2 macromolecular complex is altered.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we used a well-characterized canine model of pacing-induced HF to show that Carvedilol both restores the normal stoichiometry of the RyR2 macromolecular complex and normalizes the function of the channel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rapid cardiac pacing regimen that results in severe HF was used. Animals were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) normal without heart instrumentation (n=6), (2) HF (n=6), (3) HF treated with Carvedilol (n=6), and (4) normal without heart instrumentation plus Carvedilol (n=6). In groups 2 and 3, after baseline measurements had been obtained, rapid left ventricular (LV) pacing was initiated at 210 bpm for 3 weeks, followed by an additional week of pacing at 240 bpm with an external pacemaker. Carvedilol was begun 2 weeks after initiation of pacing and continued for 2 weeks. Carvedilol was begun 2 weeks after baseline measurement for the control dogs with heart instrumentation. SR membranes were prepared from canine ventricular tissue, protein concentration was measured by Bradford assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we show that systemic oral administration of Carvedilol reverses protein kinase A hyperphosphorylation of RyR2, restores the stoichiometry of the RyR2 macromolecular complex, and normalizes single-channel function in a canine model of heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may, in part, explain the improved cardiac function observed in heart failure patients treated with Carvedilol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute of Hang Zhou, Clinical Medical College of Teachers College of Hang Zhou, China. xueshuren@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Shu-ren
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D008433:Mathematics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011412:Propanolamines; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D000077261:Carvedilol; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases