title: Pyridinium, imidazolium and quinuclidinium compounds: toxicity and antidotal effects against the nerve agents Tabun and Soman.
abstract: This paper discusses the toxicity and antidotal effects of 32 compounds. Screening studies have shown that these compounds combined with atropine are effective antidotes against the organophosphate nerve agents Tabun and/or Soman, having a therapeutic factor equal or greater than 2.0 when tested in mice or rats. We analysed the results of these studies, and recommend that these compounds should be studied in more detail simultaneously with conventional antidotes (PAM-2, HI-6, Toxogonin, TMB-4) in order to assess whether they could broaden the choice of compounds now available for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia. ereiner@imi.hr
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simeon-Rudolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D010091:Oximes; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D012999:Soman / Q000633:toxicity*; D014289:Trimedoxime / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D010755:Organophosphates; D010091:Oximes; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride; D014289:Trimedoxime; D012999:Soman; C022870:asoxime chloride; C009374:tabun