title: Imaging of muscular denervation secondary to motor cranial nerve dysfunction.
abstract: The effects of motor cranial nerve dysfunction on the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of head and neck muscles are reviewed. Patterns of denervation changes are described and illustrated for V, VII, X, XI and XII cranial nerves. Recognition of the range of imaging manifestations, including the temporal changes in muscular appearances and associated muscular grafting or compensatory hypertrophy, will avoid misinterpretation as local disease. It will also prompt the radiologist to search for underlying cranial nerve pathology, which may be clinically occult. The relevant cranial nerve motor division anatomy will be described to enable a focussed search for such a structural abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Department, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK. sejconnor@tiscali.co.uk
authors.forename: S E J
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fareedi
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods