title: Effects of heptad repeat regions of f protein on the specific membrane fusion in paramyxoviruses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the effects of heptad repeat regions (HR1 and HR2) of F on the specific membrane fusion in paramyxoviruses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Site-directed mutagenesis was used to create same enzyme sites on the F genes of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and human parainfluenza virus (hPIV). Gene recombination was used to get chimeric F proteins NDV C-HR1 and hPIV C-HR1 by exchanging HR1 fragments each other; NDV C-HR2 and hPIV C-HR2 were also obtained by the same way. All the chimeric F proteins were co-expressed with their homologous or heterogeneous HN in eukaryocytes. Cell fusion functions were assayed by Giemsa staining and reporter gene method. The expression efficiencies of F proteins were assayed with fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  NDV C-HR1 and hPIV C-HR1 had 53.91 and 83.15% of fusion activities, and NDV C-HR2 and hPIV C-HR2 had 107.23 and 12.01% of fusion activities, respectively, as compared with their relevant wild types. The analysis of FACS indicated that the expression efficiencies of all the chimeric F proteins except NDV C-HR2 were lower than those of their relevant wild types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HR1 of NDV F might be important for its specific membrane fusion, but HR2 of NDV F may not; both HR1 and HR2 of hPIV F may be important for its specific membrane fusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guijie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guiting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hongling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015707:HN Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D018098:Paramyxovirinae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D015707:HN Protein; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins