title: Governing stem cell research in California and the USA: towards a social infrastructure.
abstract: Owing to the restrictive human embryonic stem cell (hESC) policies of the US government, the question of whether to pursue human embryonic stem cell experiments has dominated the ethical and political discourse concerning such research. Explicit attention must now turn to problems of implementing the research on a large scale: in the 2004 US elections, California voters approved a state initiative for stem cell research, earmarking $3 billion in direct spending over 10 years. This article explores three ethical and political problem areas emerging out of the California program, the resolution of which will help set the trajectory of hESC research in the US and abroad, and then proposes an institutional approach to help address them: a network of public stem cell banks in the US that feature transparent and shared governance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 115 Giannini Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. david_winickoff@nature.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Winickoff
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D033041:Embryo Research / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005380:Financing, Government / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D018973:Intellectual Property; D018587:Oocyte Donation / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D011640:Public Policy; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000458:organization & administration; D013219:State Government; D013234:Stem Cells; D014015:Tissue Banks / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States