title: [Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--when planning is almost too late].
abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease with progressive muscle weakness, also affecting respiratory muscles. In the terminal phase most patients experience a progression. Nutrition, speech and breathing capacity decrease. It is important to inform the patient and relatives in time and to give them a chance to decide. "Care Planning" and "Advance Directives" especially concerning ventilation reduces fear and helps the doctors and carers to decide, following the will of the patient. Nobody knows the speed of the progression. The patient in this case had few subjective symptoms at the time of the family conference. Progression till death lasted one month only. Treatment of his dyspnoe was not optimised, but during care all decisions were based on the actual will of the patient. Generally nocturnal hypoventilation, for instance non-invasive ventilation by BiPAP-mode, can relieve symptoms of dyspnoe in ALS patients. Low-dose morphine and/or benzodiazepine relieve respiratory discomfort and remove the negative spiral of dysnoe-fear-dyspnoe. Oxygen therapy is usually not needed (only in the very last stages of the disease) and is not recommended especially during the night. Hypercapnia can occur because of hypoventilation. This can cause growing unconsciousness and maybe death during sleep. Prolonging life is only possible by invasive long-term ventilation with all the problems of intensive care measures. The patient could have been given low dose morphine from the time of the family conference. Ventilation by CPAP-mode was insufficient for him.
authors.affiliation: Palliativstation, Landeskrankenhaus Vöcklabruck, Osterreich. veronika.praxmarer@gmx.at
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Praxmarer
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lahrmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000523:psychology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine