title: Early recurrent ischemic stroke in stroke patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We assessed the incidence of early recurrent ischemic stroke in stroke patients treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and the temporal pattern of its occurrence compared with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prospectively collected, population-based data for 341 consecutive acute stroke patients (62% men; mean age, 66 years) treated with tPA according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke study protocol at 8 medical centers in Switzerland (3 academic and 5 community) between January 2001 and November 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome measure was neurological deterioration > or = 4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale occurring within 24 hours of tPA treatment and caused either by recurrent ischemic stroke (defined as the occurrence of new neurological symptoms suggesting involvement of initially unaffected vascular territories and evidence of corresponding ischemic lesions on cranial computed tomography scans, in the absence of ICH) or by ICH. Early recurrent ischemic stroke was diagnosed in 2 patients (0.59%; 95% confidence interval, 0.07% to 2.10%) and symptomatic ICH in 15 patients (4.40%; 95% confidence interval, 2.48% to 7.15%). Both recurrent ischemic strokes occurred during thrombolysis, whereas symptomatic ICHs occurred 2 to 22 hours after termination of tPA infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrent ischemic stroke is a rare cause of early neurological deterioration in acute stroke patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis, with a different temporal pattern compared with that of symptomatic ICH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland. Dimitrios.Georgiadis@usz.ch
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Engelter
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tettenborn
authors.forename: Hansjörg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hungerbühler
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luethy
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giambarba
authors.forename: Christian Rainer
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Hans-Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: von Büdingen
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lyrer
authors.forename: Ralf Werner
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator