title: Oligodendroglial metabotropic glutamate receptors are developmentally regulated and involved in the prevention of apoptosis.
abstract: Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are responsible for axon myelination and are the principal cells targeted in preterm white matter injury. The cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in white matter development and immature OL injury are incompletely understood. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) modulate neuronal development and survival, and have recently been identified in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Using the highly homogeneous CG-4 OPC line and O4 marker-immunoselected primary OLs, we established the differentiation stage-specific expression profile of mGluR3 and mGluR5 mRNAs and proteins in the oligodendroglial lineage and type-2-astrocytes (ASTs). Our quantitative analysis indicated no changes in mGluR3, but a significant down-regulation of mGluR5a mRNA and protein expression during differentiation of OPCs into OLs or ASTs. The down-regulation of mGluR5a had functional consequences, with significantly fewer OLs and ASTs than OPCs responding to the group I mGluR agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine with intracellular Ca(2+) concentration oscillations. Neither stimulation nor inhibition of mGluR3 or mGluR5 altered OPC migration, suggesting that these receptors do not play prominent roles in the regulation of OPC motility. The activation of mGluR5 completely protected OPCs and substantially reduced staurosporine-induced apoptosis in OLs. This suggests that the down-regulation of mGluR5 in premyelinating OLs is likely to contribute to their increased vulnerability, and that the targeting of mGluR5 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for future development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, MRC Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, School of Medical Sciences, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luyt
authors.forename: Anikó
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Váradi
authors.forename: Claire F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Durant
authors.forename: Elek
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molnár
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; C578937:Grm5 protein, rat; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C102718:metabotropic glutamate receptor 3