title: Effect of in ovo feeding egg white protein, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, and carbohydrates on glycogen status and neonatal growth of turkeys.
abstract: In ovo feeding (IOF), injecting dietary components into the amnion about 1 d prior to internal pipping, may enhance growth by altering glycogen status. This hypothesis was evaluated with 5 IOF solutions containing protein, beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), and carbohydrate. Four IOF treatments were arranged as a factorial of 2 levels of egg white protein (EWP; 0 and 18%) and 2 levels of HMB (0 and 0.1%). An IOF solution of carbohydrates (S; 20% dextrin and 3% maltose) was evaluated for contrast purposes. At 23 d of incubation, 1.5 mL of IOF solution was injected into the amnion of 100 eggs per treatment. At hatch, feed and water were provided ad libitum. At hatch and 3 and 7 d of age, BW were determined, and 10 poults per treatment were sampled to determine liver (LG) and pectoralis muscle (PC) glycogen content. Poults on IOF treatments A (18% EWP), B (18% EWP + HMB), and D (HMB) weighed 6.0, 2.7, and 3.3% more than the controls at hatch, respectively (P < 0.05) with an EWP x HMB interaction (P < 0.05) sustained to 3 and 7 d only in treatment D (P < 0.005). At hatch, A and D poults had greater percentages of PC (P < 0.05) than controls, and the percentage of PC in treatment D was sustained until 7 d. Total LG was enhanced by A and B at 7 d (P < 0.05) over the controls, whereas total PC glycogen was enhanced at 7 d by IOF treatment D (P < 0.05). The IOF A and S poults had greater BW than the controls at hatch only (P < 0.05). The IOF treatment A had greater LG at hatch (P < 0.05), but by 7 d, A and S had greater LG than controls (P < 0.05). Poults fed S in ovo had enhanced total PC glycogen over controls, whereas poults on treatment A had less total PC glycogen than controls (P < 0.05). The results of this experiment demonstrate that IOF of A or S poults may enhance hatch BW and glycogen status of poults during the neonatal period by inclusion of HMB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608, USA.
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Foye
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Uni
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ferket
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003912:Dextrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D006003:Glycogen / Q000032:analysis*; D008320:Maltose / Q000494:pharmacology; D014422:Turkeys / Q000097:blood / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D014631:Valerates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D003912:Dextrins; D004527:Egg Proteins; D014631:Valerates; C004961:beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid; D008320:Maltose; D006003:Glycogen