title: Effects of Platycodon grandiflorum on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide, and interleukin-8 in mouse microglial BV2 cells.
abstract: The roots of Platycodon grandiflorum, which belongs to the Campanulaceae family, have been used as a food material and as a traditional Oriental medicine. The effect of P. grandiflorum against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, prostaglandin E(2 )(PGE(2)) immunoassay, nitric oxide (NO) detection assay, and interleurkin-8 (IL- 8) immunoassay on BV2 microglial cells. The aqueous extract of P. grandiflorum was shown to suppress PGE(2 )synthesis and NO production by inhibiting LPS-stimulated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 activity and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNAs. In addition, the treatment with P. grandiflorum reduced the LPS-induced IL-8 release. These results suggest that P. grandiflorum inhibits PGE(2) and NO production through its suppression of LPS-induced COX-2 and iNOS expression, and also reduces IL-8 secretion by microglial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Hyeon
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Chang-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ee-Hwa
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung-Gyou
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kang-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Leem
authors.forename: Jeongseon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone