title: High frequency attenuation measurements of lipid encapsulated contrast agents.
abstract: A number of recent studies have indicated the potential of ultrasound contrast agent imaging at high ultrasound frequencies. However, the acoustic properties of microbubbles at frequencies above 10 MHz remain poorly understood at present. In this study we characterize the high frequency attenuation properties of (1) BR14, (2) BR14 that has been mechanically filtered (1 and 2 microm pore sizes) to exclude larger bubbles, and (3) the micron to submicron agent BG2423. A narrowband pulse-echo substitution method is employed with a series of four transducers covering the frequency range from 2 to 50 MHz. For BR14, attenuation decreases rapidly from 2 to 10 MHz and then more gradually from 10 to 50 MHz. For 2 microm filtration, the attenuation peaks between 10 and 15 MHz. For 1 microm filtration, attenuation continues to rise until 50 MHz. The agent BG2423 exhibits a diffuse attenuation peak in the range of 15-25 MHz and remains high until 50 MHz. These results demonstrate a strong influence of bubble size on high frequency attenuation curves, with bubble diameters of 1-2 microm and below having more pronounced acoustic activity at frequencies above 10 MHz.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Department, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. d.goertz@erasmusmc.nl <d.goertz@erasmusmc.nl>
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Goertz
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Frijlink
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Voormolen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: A F W
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van der Steen
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D008422:Materials Testing; D045423:Microbubbles; D010316:Particle Size; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011846:Radio Waves; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C471302:BR14 contrast agent; D002214:Capsules; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids