title: [Cigarette smoking and sleep disturbance].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep disturbances may make smoking cessation more difficult and relapses more frequent.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nicotine increases vigilance and decreases sleeping time. Cigarette smoking is associated both with difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. The disruption is associated with arousals on EEG recordings. Smoking promotes snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea. Insomnia is recognised as one of the criteria for nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Awakening from sleep and daytime sleepiness can occur frequently in this situation and are predictive factors for relapse. Nicotine replacement therapy itself induces frequent awakenings, a decrease in total sleep duration, early morning waking, dreams and sometimes nightmares with associated arousals on EEG. Sleep disruption is the most common side effect observed with bupropion when used as an aid in smoking cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbance must be taken into account in smoking cessation programs. More detailed investigations are needed, both clinical studies looking at measures of the main sleep parameters using sleep diaries and more detailed studies using polysomnography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In smokers, sleep disturbances must be taken into account, because they increase cardio-vascular and cerebro-vascular morbidity. During smoking cessation, relieving these disturbances should make quitting easier and prevent relapses.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Tabacologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France. m.underner@chu-poitiers.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Underner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paquereau
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meurice
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016642:Bupropion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D016642:Bupropion; D009538:Nicotine