title: Nutritional approach to restore impaired intestinal barrier function and growth after neonatal stress in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychological stress during the neonatal period results in intestinal barrier dysfunction and growth alterations later in life. We aimed to restore impaired barrier function and growth rate by a nutritional intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rat pups (n = 84) were assigned to 1 of 2 rearing conditions from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND14: S, separated 3 h/d from their mothers, or H, 15 min/d handled controls. From PND15 to PND35, rats received a control diet or a similar diet adapted to contain arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal separation had only a minor impact on the measured gut barrier parameters at PND15, whereas it severely affected them at PND35. At this age, intestinal permeability to macromolecules was higher, mucin content in small intestinal tissues was lower and microbiota composition was altered in S compared with H animals. Feeding the adapted diet normalized the intestinal permeability, although it did not restore intestinal mucin content or microbiota. In addition, the adapted diet improved the growth rate recovery of the S animals after weaning and resulted in increased villus length in small intestine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that an adapted diet containing specific long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics and probiotics can revert the negative imprinting of neonatal stress on both intestinal barrier function and growth.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Health Department, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. clara.garcia@rdls.nestle.com
authors.forename: Clara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: García-Ródenas
authors.forename: Gabriela E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bergonzelli
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nutten
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cherbut
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turini
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ornstein
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rochat
authors.forename: Irène
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Corthésy-Theulaz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006706:Homeostasis; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008426:Maternal Deprivation; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid