title: A metabonomic study of transgenic maize (Zea mays) seeds revealed variations in osmolytes and branched amino acids.
abstract: The aim of the research was to investigate metabolic variations associated with genetic modifications in the grains of Zea mays using metabonomic techniques. With this in mind, the non-targeted characteristic of the technique is useful to identify metabolites peculiar to the genetic modification and initially undefined. The results obtained showed that the genetic modification, introducing Cry1Ab gene expression, induces metabolic variations involving the primary nitrogen pathway. Concerning the methodological aspects, the experimental protocol used has been applied in this field for the first time. It consists of a combination of partial least square-discriminant analysis and principal component analysis. The most important metabolites for discrimination were selected and the metabolic correlations linking them are identified. Principal component analysis on selected signals confirms metabolic variations, highlighting important details about the changes induced on the metabolic network by the presence of a Bt transgene in the maize genome.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli studi di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy and Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Sez. Bergamo, Via Stezzano 24, I-24126 Bergamo, Italy. c.manetti@caspur.it
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manetti
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bianchetti
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casciani
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Maria Enrica
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Di Cocco
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miccheli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motto
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
mesh_terms: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000597:Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis; D009584:Nitrogen