title: Coexistence of three rare congenital heart defects in a single patient: a unique case with important embryologic implications.
abstract: The unique anatomy, physiology, and surgical repair of a patient with features of three rare congenital heart defects (total anomalous pulmonary venous return to the coronary sinus, cor triatriatum, and unroofed coronary sinus with persistent left superior vena cava to the left atrium) is described. Analysis of this case suggests that these three conditions are linked in that they all may result as a consequence of a defect in the same embryologic process (i.e., incorporation of the pulmonary venous confluence into the left atrium).
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jonathan.rhodes@cardio.chboston.org
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Emile A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bacha
authors.forename: Robet L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Geggel
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D003310:Cor Triatriatum / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003330:Coronary Vessel Anomalies / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery