title: Risk stratification by treadmill exercise echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although exercise echocardiography (EE) has value for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD), it's not clear whether it may be useful for risk assessment in all categories of patients. To determine whether: 1) there is an incremental value of EE over clinical, exercise and resting echocardiographic variables for the prediction of events according to the pre-test probability of CAD; and 2) the number, location of the diseased territories, and nature of the disease affect the risk stratification, we studied 2436 patients referred for EE that were followed for 2.1 +/- 1.5 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on a pre-test score, previous myocardial infarction (MI) or revascularizations, 1242 patients were considered as having high, 1038 moderate, and 156 low pre-test probability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 89 hard events (myocardial infarction or cardiovascular death) in the 1203 patients with abnormal EE vs. 31 events in the 1233 with normal EE (p < 0.0001). Gender, Mets, heart rate x blood pressure, resting wall motion score index and number of involved territories at exercise were independently associated to hard events (final Chi-square = 170, incremental p value of exercise echo <0.0001). The incremental value of exercise echo over other variables was found in patients with the different pre-test probabilities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise echocardiography has incremental value over clinical, exercise and resting echocardiographic variables in patients with different pre-test probabilities of CAD.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Echocardiography and Department of Cardiology, Juan Canalejo Hospital, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain. pete@canalejo.org
authors.forename: Jesús C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peteiro
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monserrat
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouzas
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piñon
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mariñas
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouzas
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castro-Beiras
mesh_terms: D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate