title: Age-dependent residual tensile strains are present in the dura mater of rats.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine whether residual tensile strains exist in the dura mater of mammals in vivo, and whether the strains are age-dependent. We made incisions in the parietal dura mater of immature and mature rats, and measured the retraction of the dura mater from each incision. We then used a finite-element model to calculate the strain present in the parietal dura mater of each rat. We found that age-dependent residual tensile strains are present in the dura mater of rats. The mean average residual strain of the immature rats was significantly larger than that of the mature rats (4.96+/-1.54% (s.d.) versus 0.39+/-0.13%, p<0.0001), with the mean strain calculated in the mature rats of the order of the minimum measurement that could be made using our experimental approach. In addition, in the immature rats mean residual strain in the longitudinal direction was significantly larger than mean residual strain in the transverse direction (6.11+/-3.62% versus 3.82+/-2.64%, p=0.0218). Our findings show that age-dependent residual tensile strains exist in the dura mater of rats. We speculate that these strains may reflect the rate and direction of cranial growth and may also influence cranial healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. james.henderson@case.edu
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Randall P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Nacamuli
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Longaker
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength