title: Oxygen pulse is not predictive of stroke volume in heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke volume (SV) is the major cardiovascular discriminator between those that are exercise trained versus untrained individuals and healthy individuals versus those with pathologic left ventricular dysfunction. Furthermore, since the increase in oxygen pulse (O(2)P) (O(2)P=VO(2)/HR?oxygen uptake/heart rate) that occurs with exercise is a function of SV and the arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO(2)), O(2)P has been demonstrated a reliable indicator of SV for healthy individuals. Although commonly used as a physiological and clinical marker of SV, the validity of O(2)P as an indicator of SV in patients with heart failure has not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one (23 men, 8 women) patients (age: 64+/-7.9; ejection fraction: 24+/-7.8) with chronic heart failure had cardiac output measured during steady-state workloads (25 watts and 75% VO(2peak)) upon entry and again at completion of 12 weeks of exercise training. Four patients were excluded due to clinical complications and 3 because of non-compliance; therefore, 24 patients completed the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationships between SV and O2P are: 1) baseline: SV=11.1+4(O2P), SEE=11.8; r(2)=0.39 and 2) study completion: SV=25.1+2.3(O2P), SEE=12.7; r(2)=0.21. While SV did not increase after 25 watts, O2P continued to increase by 17%, respectively. In addition, there were no training effects on SV or O(2)P. As SV increased, O(2)P underpredicted measured SV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with heart failure and poor left ventricular function, O(2)P is not recommended as a marker of the SV during exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science and Athletics, Bloomsburg University, PA 17815, USA. tmcconne@bloomu.edu
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Shearn
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strohecker
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D013147:Spirometry; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D014891:Weight Lifting