title: Knee deformity in congenital longitudinal deficiencies of the lower extremity.
abstract: The knee has various pathologic appearances in patients with congenital longitudinal deformities of the lower extremities. Radiographs from 39 patients with unilateral longitudinal congenital deficiencies of the lower extremities were analyzed to describe epiphyseal and metaphyseal configurations and position of the epiphyseal plate. We defined 22 radiographic parameters of the femur and tibia, calculated the mean values, and compared the parameters of the affected knee with the unaffected knee for patients in different age groups. In the femur, we observed hypoplasia of the lateral condyle in width and height. In the tibia, the lateral condylar hypoplasia was manifest primarily by lateral horizontal deficiency. Age group comparisons showed no horizontal epiphyseal deficiencies in the older patients, but there was persistence of vertical epiphyseal deficiencies. Bony deformities in congenital longitudinal deficiencies mainly were attributable to dysplasia of the lateral epiphysis in the distal femur and proximal tibia, whereas positions of the epiphyseal plate had varying physiologic values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic study, Level II. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Orthopaedic Department, Orthopaedic Hospital Vienna-Speising, Austria. Hannes.Manner@kws.ch
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Manner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganger
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D038061:Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013977:Tibia / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging