title: Crevice corrosion of implants recovered after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe corrosion discovered on implants recovered from dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs (n=4) that had TPLO (n=7) approximately 3 years earlier.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implants were recovered surgically and lightly cleaned before visual inspection, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple corrosion sites were found on the recesses of each plate; invariably, there was a corroded area present on that part of the bone screw which had been in contact with a corrosion site on a plate. Most corroded regions featured attached, nonmetallic material believed to be a precipitate arising from interaction with the local environment during electrochemical corrosion. SEM examination of TPLO plates revealed surface porosity, particularly visible in the screw hole recesses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface irregularities and porosity of TPLO plates--a consequence of the casting process--are initiation sites for corrosion which, in concert with the crevice geometry between the plate and screw, result in the observed corrosion defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implants used for TPLO, a commonly performed veterinary orthopedic procedures may corrode generating a number of chemical species that have the potential to cause disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne and Croft Veterinary Hospital, Blyth, UK.
authors.forename: Alasdair E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: Malcolm G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ness
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*