title: Avian flu: multiple introductions of H5N1 in Nigeria.
abstract: As the avian influenza virus H5N1 swept from Asia across Russia to Europe, Nigeria was the first country in Africa to report the emergence of this highly pathogenic virus. Here we analyse H5N1 sequences in poultry from two different farms in Lagos state and find that three H5N1 lineages were independently introduced through routes that coincide with the flight paths of migratory birds, although independent trade imports cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, National Public Health Laboratory, 1950 Luxembourg.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ducatez
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Olinger
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Owoade
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Landtsheer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ammerlaan
authors.forename: H G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Niesters
authors.forename: A D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
authors.forename: R A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fouchier
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Muller
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005426:Flight, Animal; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus