title: Environmental tobacco smoke and mortality in Chinese women who have never smoked: prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of environmental exposure to tobacco smoke from husbands and from work, as well as from family members in early life, with all cause mortality and mortality due to cancer or cardiovascular disease in Chinese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ongoing prospective cohort study in Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 72,829 women who had never smoked, 65,180 women provided information on smoking by their husbands, and 66,520 women provided information on exposure to tobacco smoke at work and in early life from family members.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cause mortality and cause specific mortality with the main focus on cancer and cardiovascular disease. Cumulative mortality according to exposure status, and hazard ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to tobacco smoke from husbands (mainly current exposure) was significantly associated with increased all cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.31) and with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease (1.37, 1.06 to 1.78). Exposure to tobacco smoke at work was associated with increased mortality due to cancer (1.19, 0.94 to 1.50), especially lung cancer (1.79, 1.09 to 2.93). Exposure in early life was associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease (1.26, 0.94 to 1.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Chinese women, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is related to moderately increased risk of all cause mortality and mortality due to lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. wanqing.wen@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Wanqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Xiao Ou
authors.initials: XO
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Honglan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018454:Spouses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014504:Urban Health; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution