title: Microscopic evaluation of the interface between glass-ionomer cements and tooth structures prepared using conventional instruments and the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cavity preparation using hand instruments and conventional rotary instruments on the bonding of glass-ionomer cements to formerly carious teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2 experimental groups (12 teeth each with primary caries) caries was removed and cavities prepared using hand instruments according to the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) technique or conventional rotary instruments. In the control group (12 caries-free teeth) Class 1 cavities were prepared using conventional instrumentation. Cavities in all teeth were restored with 1 of the commercial glass-ionomer cements designed for use with the ART technique, either Fuji IX (GC) or Ketac Molar (3M Espe). After 21 days of storage in physiologic saline at 37 degrees C, 3 400-microm-thick slices from each tooth were stained using the Mallory method and evaluated using a light transmitting microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all samples, a region of interaction was observed between the cement and dentin and enamel. However, the interface in teeth from which caries had been removed was different from that in the control group. All were stained using Mallory staining, but only teeth which had been carious showed coloration. No differences were found in intensity of color or appearance between the cavity preparation techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occurrence of caries in a tooth alters the bonding behavior of glass ionomers to that tooth. The method of caries removal (ART or conventional preparation) does not influence the quality of the interface between a glass ionomer and either dentin or enamel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Limanowska Shaw
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000268:Adhesiveness; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000378:metabolism*; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003804:Dentin / Q000378:metabolism; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C110713:fuji IX; C110712:ketac-molar