title: How can the response to volume expansion in patients with spontaneous respiratory movements be predicted?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of different static and dynamic measurements of preload to predict fluid responsiveness in patients with spontaneous respiratory movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 21 critically ill patients with spontaneous breathing movements receiving mechanical ventilation with pressure support mode (n = 9) or breathing through a face mask (n = 12), and who required a fluid challenge. Complete hemodynamic measurements, including pulmonary artery occluded pressure (PAOP), right atrial pressure (RAP), pulse pressure variation (DeltaPP) and inspiratory variation in RAP were obtained before and after fluid challenge. Fluid challenge consisted of boluses of either crystalloid or colloid until cardiac output reached a plateau. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive value of the indices to the response to fluids, as defined by an increase in cardiac index of 15% or more.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac index increased from 3.0 (2.3 to 3.5) to 3.5 (3.0 to 3.9) l minute-1 m-2 (medians and 25th and 75th centiles), p < 0.05. At baseline, DeltaPP varied between 0% and 49%. There were no significant differences in DeltaPP, PAOP, RAP and inspiratory variation in RAP between fluid responders and non-responders. Fluid responsiveness was predicted better with static indices (ROC curve area +/- SD: 0.73 +/- 0.13 for PAOP, p < 0.05 vs DeltaPP and 0.69 +/- 0.12 for RAP, p = 0.054 compared with DeltaPP) than with dynamic indices of preload (0.40 +/- 0.13 for DeltaPP and 0.53 +/- 0.13 for inspiratory changes in RAP, p not significant compared with DeltaPP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with spontaneous respiratory movements, DeltaPP and inspiratory changes in RAP failed to predict the response to volume expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Route de Lennik, 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium. sheenen@ulb.ac.be
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heenen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D001811:Blood Volume Determination; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003102:Colloids; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids