title: Nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in kangaroo mother care units: a risk in tuberculosis-endemic areas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kangaroo mother care (KMC) has become the standard of care for low-risk preterm babies born in developing countries. However, the potential risk of nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within KMC units, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic areas, has not been explored. We report an infant (sentinel case) who was admitted to our paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with extensive pulmonary tuberculosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When interviewed, the mother reported no household contact with a tuberculosis source case, but mentioned that she shared a KMC room with someone who had symptoms suspicious of tuberculosis. We found molecular evidence that nosocomial transmission of M. tuberculosis occurred within the KMC unit and conducted a contact investigation of all infants exposed to this infectious source case during her stay in the KMC unit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present the findings of the contact investigation and discuss the implications of these findings for KMC units, particularly in tuberculosis-endemic areas.
authors.affiliation: Desmond Tutu TB Centre and the Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Tygerberg Children's Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heyns
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gie
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goussard
authors.forename: Nulda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Beyers
authors.forename: Rob M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Ben J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marais
mesh_terms: D016358:Contact Tracing; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000635:transmission*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000628:therapy / Q000635:transmission*