title: Monitoring the escape of transgenic oilseed rape around Japanese ports and roadsides.
abstract: An investigation was carried out to monitor the escape and spread of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) transgenic plants and the introgression of transgenes to its closely related feral species in Japan. We screened a total of about 7500 feral B. napus, 300 B. rapa, and 5800 B. juncea seedlings from maternal plants in 143 locations at several ports, roadsides, and riverbanks. The presence of glufosinate-resistance or glyphosate-resistance transgenes in these seedlings was confirmed by means of herbicide treatments and also immunochemical and DNA analyses. B. napus plants with herbicide-resistant transgenic seeds were found at five of six major ports and along two of four sampled roadsides in the Kanto District. Transgenic oilseed rape plants have not been commercially cultivated in Japan, suggesting that the transgenes would probably have come from imported transgenic seeds that were spilled during transportation to oilseed processing facilities. No transgenes were detected in seeds collected from B. napus plants growing along riverbanks in the Kanto District or in seeds from closely related species (B. rapa and B. juncea). To our knowledge, this is the first published example of feral, transgenic populations occurring in a nation where the transgenic crop has not been cultivated commercially.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biology Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan. hsaji@nies.go.jp
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aono
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaoki
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakiyama
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hatase
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagatsu
mesh_terms: D000613:Aminobutyrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000032:analysis; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007564:Japan; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics; D014186:Transportation; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D000613:Aminobutyrates; D018744:DNA, Plant; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D000097797:Glyphosate; C003121:phosphinothricin