title: Obesity, adipokines, and prostate cancer in a prospective population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association of obesity and the adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-five incident prostate cancer cases and 125 age-matched controls were sampled from among participants in the original San Antonio Center for Biomarkers of Risk of Prostate Cancer cohort study. The odds ratios (OR) of prostate cancer and high-grade disease (Gleason sum >7) associated with the WHO categories of body mass index (kg/m(2)) and with tertiles of serum concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and IL-6 were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body mass index was not associated with either incident prostate cancer [obese versus normal; OR, 0.75; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.38-1.48; P(trend) = 0.27] or high-grade versus low-grade disease (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.39-3.52; P(trend) = 0.62). Moreover, none of the three adipokines was statistically significant associated with prostate cancer risk or high-grade disease, respectively: leptin (highest versus lowest tertile; OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.28-1.37; P(trend) = 0.57; OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.48-3.01; P(trend) = 0.85); adiponectin (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.46-1.65; P(trend) = 0.24; OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.74-5.10; P(trend) = 0.85); IL-6 (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.46-1.53; P(trend) = 0.98; OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.30-2.33; P(trend) = 0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings from this nested case-control study of men routinely screened for prostate cancer and who had a high prevalence of overweight and obesity do not provide evidence to support that prediagnostic obesity or factors elaborated by fat cells strongly influence prostate cancer risk or aggressiveness. However, due to the small sample population, a small or modest effect of obesity and adipokines on these outcomes cannot be excluded.
authors.affiliation: Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, 78284-7802, USA. baillargeon@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baillargeon
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Brad H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Donna Pauler
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ankerst
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: Betsy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lokshin
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Troyer
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Robin J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009765:Obesity; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin