title: Acute clopidogrel use and outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize patterns of clopidogrel use before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and examine the drug's impact on risks for postoperative transfusions among patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Adherence in community practice to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for clopidogrel use among NSTE ACS patients has not been previously characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 2,858 NSTE ACS patients undergoing CABG at 264 hospitals participating in the CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines) Initiative. We examined the patterns of acute clopidogrel therapy and its association with bleeding risks among those having "early" CABG < or =5 days and again among those having "late" surgery >5 days after catheterization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 24 h of admission, 852 patients (30%) received clopidogrel. In contrast to national guidelines, 87% of clopidogrel-treated patients underwent CABG < or =5 days after treatment. Among those receiving CABG within < or =5 days of last treatment, the use of clopidogrel was associated with a significant increase in blood transfusions (65.0% vs. 56.9%, adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 1.68) as well as the need for transfusion of > or =4 U of blood (27.7% vs. 18.4%, OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.19). In contrast, acute clopidogrel therapy was not associated with higher bleeding risks if CABG was delayed >5 days (adjusted OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite guideline recommendations, the overwhelming majority of NSTE ACS patients treated with acute clopidogrel needing CABG have their surgery within < or =5 days of treatment. A failure to delay surgery is associated with increased blood transfusion requirements that must be weighed against the potential clinical and economic impacts of such delays.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina 27715, USA. mehta007@dcri.duke.edu
authors.forename: Rajendra H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mulgund
authors.forename: E Magnus
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ohman
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: W Brian
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Gibler
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Sidney C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: T Bruce
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000601:surgery*; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000601:surgery*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine