title: Clinical manifestations in neuropathologically defined subgroups of vascular dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study cardio-cerebrovascular disease and clinical features, such as falls, dizziness/unsteadiness, urinary incontinence, hallucinations/delusions and delirium in neuropathologically defined subgroups of vascular Dementia (VaD): pure Small Vessel Dementia (SVD), combined SVD and Alzheimer's disease (SVD-AD), pure Large Vessel Dementia (LVD) and pure Hypoxic Hypoperfusive Dementia (HHD), and to analyse the clinical differences between these groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 175 consecutive cases with neuropathologically verified VaD cases with pure SVD (n = 36) and SVD-AD (n = 38) with varying severity of AD pathology were selected and studied with respect to cardio-cerebrovascular and other clinical features. Furthermore, a comparison between pure SVD, pure LVD (n = 7) and pure HHD (n = 6) was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither cardiovascular symptoms, hypertension, Transitoric Ischemic Attacks (TIA) nor complete cerebrovascular lesions (CVL) differed significantly between the pure SVD and SVD-AD groups. However, a wide variation of clinical features were reported. The prevalence of cardiovascular features varied markedly in the pure groups, with the highest prevalence consistently found in the LVD group. Hypertension was common in the pure LVD and SVD-groups, while it was a rare finding in the HHD-group. TIA and/or CVL were, as expected, most common in the LVD-group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this longitudinal and retrospective study of VaD shows important clinical similarities as well as differences between pathologically defined subgroups. Hopefully these findings will contribute to a better understanding of etiopathogenetic and diagnostic issues and form a solid basis for possible treatment strategies in VaD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychogeriatrics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden. ulla.andin@orebroll.se
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Andin
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Passant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence