title: Circadian hydrocortisone infusions in patients with adrenal insufficiency and congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conventional hydrocortisone therapy in adrenal insufficiency cannot provide physiological replacement. We have explored the potential of circadian delivery of hydrocortisone as proof of concept for such therapy delivered in modified-release tablet formulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated whether the circadian intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone could improve control of ACTH and androgen levels. Two healthy subjects, two patients with Addison's disease and two patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients on thrice daily oral hydrocortisone, peak serum cortisol levels were higher than in normal subjects and overnight levels were very low. Patients had very high plasma ACTH levels before their morning dose of hydrocortisone, both at the beginning and at the end of their conventional oral therapy: mean +/- SEM 311.8 +/- 123.2 and 311.2 +/- 85.4 ng/l, respectively. In the patients with CAH, serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were also elevated: 550 and 642 nmol/l at the beginning and 550 and 777 nmol/l at the end of conventional treatment, respectively. The overall 24-h mean cortisol levels were similar for conventional oral hydrocortisone and the circadian infusion. At 0700 h, ACTH levels were much higher on conventional treatment than after circadian infusion: mean +/- SEM 311.2 +/- 85.4 vs. 70.5 +/- 45.0 ng/l, respectively (P < 0.05). The same pattern was observed in 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, which were 550 and 777 nmol/l after conventional treatment and 3 and 64 nmol/l after circadian infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with poor biochemical control of Addison's disease and CAH, a 24-h circadian infusion of hydrocortisone can decrease morning ACTH and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels to near normal.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Sciences (North), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Merza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rostami-Hodjegan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Memmott
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doane
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ibbotson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Newell-Price
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone / Q000097:blood; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019326:17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone