title: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of c-myc amplification in stage TNM prostate cancer in Japanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic aberration such as the amplification of c-myc has been commonly found in advanced prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate chromosome 8 alteration, including a gain and amplification of 8q24 (c-myc gene), related to the progression and survival in advanced (Stage C) prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used dual-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization with a centromere-specific probe for chromosome 8 (8cen), and with a region-specific probe for c-myc (8q24) to evaluate genetic changes in tumor samples from 50 patients who had undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy from 1986 to 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We classified the 8cen and c-myc copy numbers as normal, gain and amplification. The carcinoma foci with extra copies of c-myc, which was defined in 35 cases (70%), were divided into two groups: (a) a simple gain of the whole chromosome 8 (no increase in the c-myc copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was identified in 15 cases (30%); and (b) a substantial amplification of c-myc (additional increases [AI] in the c-myc copy number relative to the chromosome 8 centromere), which was detected in 20 cases (40%). AI-c-myc was strongly associated with higher histopathological grades and Gleason's scores (P = 0.0330, 0.0190, respectively). Patients with the AI-c-myc had earlier disease progression (P = 0.0029) and earlier cancer death (P = 0.0087) than did patients with normal patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of an AI-c-myc may serve as a potential marker of prostate cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. hirotaka@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Sadatsugu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minei
authors.forename: Takahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hachiya
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005784:Gene Amplification; D018628:Gene Dosage; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc