title: The effects of beta-blockers on dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography: early protocol versus standard protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the effects of Beta-blockers during Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography (DSE) comparing the hemodynamic benefits of an early administration of atropine in patients taking or not Beta-blockers.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-one patients were submitted to dobutamine stress echocardiography for the investigation of myocardial ischemia. The administration of atropine was randomized into two groups: A or B (early protocol when atropine was administered at 10 and 20 mcg/kg/min of dobutamine, respectively) and C (standard protocol with atropine at 40 mcg/kg/min of dobutamine). Analysis of the effects of Beta-blockers was done regarding the behavior pattern of heart rate and blood pressure, test time, number of conclusive and inconclusive (negative sub-maximum test) results, total doses of atropine and dobutamine, and general complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beta-blocked patients who received early atropine (Group A&B) had a significantly lower double product (p = 0.008), a higher mean test time (p = 0.010) and required a higher dose of atropine (p = 0.0005) when compared to the patients in this group who were not Beta-blocked. The same findings occurred in the standard protocol (Group C), however the early administration of atropine reduced test time both in the presence and absence of this therapy (p = 0.0001). The patients with Beta-blockers in Group A&B had a lower rate of inconclusive tests (26%) compared to those in Group C (40%). Complications were similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chronotropic response during dobutamine stress echocardiography was significantly reduced with the use of Beta-blockers. The early administration of atropine optimized the hemodynamic response, reduced test time in patients with or without Beta-blockers and reduced the number of inconclusive tests in the early protocol.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Barra D'or Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. camarozano@lagoadeitauna.com.br
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Camarozano
authors.forename: Plínio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: Aristarco G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Siqueira-Filho
authors.forename: Luis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Weitzel
authors.forename: Rosangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noe
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016477:Artifacts; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D001285:Atropine