title: Chronic nitric oxide synthase blockade desensitizes the heart to the negative metabolic effects of nitric oxide.
abstract: The consequences of chronic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blockade on the myocardial metabolic and guanylyl cyclase stimulatory effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) were determined. Thirty-three anesthetized open-chest rabbits were randomized into four groups: control, NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP, 10(-4 )M), NOS blocking agent N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 20 mg/kg/day) for 10 days followed by a 24 hour washout and L-NAME for 10 days followed by a 24 hour washout plus SNAP. Myocardial O(2) consumption was determined from coronary flow (microspheres) and O(2) extraction (microspectrophotometry). Cyclic GMP and guanylyl cyclase activity were determined by radioimmunoassay. There were no baseline metabolic, functional or hemodynamic differences between control and L-NAME treated rabbits. SNAP in controls caused a reduction in O(2) consumption (SNAP 5.9+/-0.6 vs. control 8.4+/-0.8 ml O(2)/min/100 g) and a rise in cyclic GMP (SNAP 18.3+/-3.8 vs. control 10.4+/-0.9 pmol/g). After chronic L-NAME treatment, SNAP caused no significant changes in O(2) consumption (SNAP 7.1+/-0.8 vs. control 6.4+/-0.7) or cyclic GMP (SNAP 14.2+/-1.8 vs. control 12.1+/-1.3). In controls, guanylyl cyclase activity was significantly stimulated by SNAP (216.7+/-20.0 SNAP vs. 34.4+/-2.5 pmol/mg/min base), while this increase was blunted after L-NAME (115.9+/-24.5 SNAP vs. 24.9+/-4.7 base). These results demonstrated that chronic NOS blockade followed by washout blunts the response to exogenous NO, with little effect on cyclic GMP or myocardial O(2) consumption. This was related to reduced guanylyl cyclase activity after chronic L-NAME. These results suggest that, unlike many receptor systems, the NO-cyclic GMP signal transduction system becomes downregulated upon chronic inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Brain Circulation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-5635, USA.
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Davidov
authors.forename: Harvey R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Scholz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015591:Microspectrophotometry; D008863:Microspheres; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; C110881:S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D010396:Penicillamine; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D010100:Oxygen; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester