title: Analysis of patients with good uncorrected distance and near vision after monofocal intraocular lens implantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze factors contributing to uncorrected visual acuity of at least 6/12 for distance and at least J4 for near (pseudoaccommodation) after monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Center, Ahmedabad, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-controlled study of 30 eyes (30 patients) that had phacoemulsification, those with pseudoaccommodation were assigned to cases and 30 eyes (30 patients) without pseudoaccommodation were designated as controls. Controls were matched by identical best corrected visual acuity, age, and postoperative duration. Subjective refraction was done with retinoscopy. Factors analyzed included corneal astigmatism, pupil size, axial IOL movement, amplitude of accommodation, axial length (AL), and age. Corneal astigmatism was noted on topography and interpreted as against the rule (ATR) (180 +/- 15 degrees), with the rule (WTR) (90 +/- 15 degrees), and oblique (OB) (45/135 +/- 30 degrees). Pupil size was noted on topographic display and AL and anterior chamber depth (ACD) on immersion A-scan. The axial IOL movement was calculated as the difference in ACD after instillation of cyclopentolate 1% (Cyclopent) and subsequently pilocarpine nitrate 2% (Carpinol) at separate visits, and amplitude of accommodation was measured with static and dynamic retinoscopy. Multivariate logistic regression and odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean spherical equivalent was -0.45 +/- 0.63 diopter (D) in cases and -0.35 +/- 0.83 D (P = .61) in controls. Multivariate logistic regression in cases versus controls: corneal astigmatism (ATR versus WTR and OB collectively): 10.19 [1.8,57.44], P = .009; pupil size: 0.45 [0.07,2.71], P = .38; axial IOL movement: 1.39 [0.51,0.77], P = .514; amplitude of accommodation: 2.95 [0.93,9.3], P = .065; AL: 0.55 [0.29,1.02], P = .058; and age: 0.98 [0.5,1.95], P = .963.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study suggests a significant role of ATR corneal astigmatism in good uncorrected distance and near vision after monofocal IOL implantation.
authors.affiliation: Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Raghudeep Eye Clinic, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, India.
authors.forename: Mayank A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nanavaty
authors.forename: Abhay R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vasavada
authors.forename: Anil S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Shetal M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Tejas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019781:Corneal Topography; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D042261:Retinoscopes; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*