title: Vitelliform macular dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate and integrate the photographic, angiographic, and tomographic findings from a group of patients with various stages of vitelliform macular dystrophy type 2 (VMD2; also known as Best's disease) and use this information to propose mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine consecutive patients seen in a private practice referral setting by the authors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with VMD2 were imaged with conventional fundus and autofluorescence photography, fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The integrated ocular imaging findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early stage lesions were smaller and had accumulation of yellowish material in the central macula. This material was highly autofluorescent and appeared to be located on the outer retinal surface by OCT. Later stages were characterized by larger lesions with central clearing of the yellowish material and deposition of autofluorescent subretinal material at the outer borders of the lesion. Both early and late lesions had a subretinal fluid component with no reflectivity as detected by OCT. Fluorescein angiography showed transmission defects with a suggestion of late leakage, much like that seen in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Similar to that seen in CSC, patients with VMD2 have an accumulation of material on the outer retina, which may represent shed photoreceptor outer segments in association with subretinal fluid.
authors.affiliation: Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York and the LuEsther T. Mertz Retina Research Laboratory, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York 10022, USA. rickspaide@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Spaide
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: K Bailey
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Freund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence