title: Adverse mood effects during postmenopausal hormone treatment in relation to personality traits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When postmenopausal women are treated with sequential hormone therapy (HT), cyclical mood swings similar to symptoms seen in the premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are described. Women with a history of premenstrual symptoms (PMS) seem to respond differently to the addition of a progestin to estrogen than women without previous PMS. This study aimed to investigate personality traits and daily mood symptoms in women with a history of PMS and women without, while treated with estrogen and sequential progestin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 106 women, who participated in clinical trials designed to evaluate mood and physical responses to sequential estrogen and progestin therapy, filled out the Karolinska Personality Scale (KSP) form, before entering the studies. The treatment consisted of 2 mg estradiol valerate continuously, with an addition of 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) during the last 12 days of the 28-day cycle. Subjects kept daily symptom ratings using a validated symptom scale during these two treatment cycles, and these were used for the analyses. The study-groups were stratified for a history of PMS or not, appearance of progestin-induced adverse mood effects or not, and symptom cyclicity or not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant co-variation between the women who reported the highest negative mood scores during the addition of progestin to estrogen and a history of PMS. Women with PMS history reported different personality characteristics as having higher scores of anxiety symptoms of muscular tension, feeling more indirect aggression and lack of impulse control, and being less satisfied with their lives or childhood, compared to women without a PMS history. Women who reported the most intense negative mood symptoms during the progestin phase reported more somatic anxiety, an aim to avoid monotony, a lower satisfaction with life or childhood, and higher scores of indirect aggression and irritability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with a history of PMS and women with a high anxiety-related personality might respond with adverse mood effects to a combination of estrogen and sequential progestin and therefore a thorough evaluation should be made, at the consultation for hormone therapy, of mood benefits or disadvantages before initiation of treatment and there should be a close follow-up after.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Björn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bäckström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lalos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sundström-Poromaa
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000374:Aggression; D001007:Anxiety; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007508:Irritable Mood; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009129:Muscle Tonus; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate