title: 2. Chromatin assembly with H3 histones: full throttle down multiple pathways.
abstract: The typical eukaryotic genome packages roughly 6 feet of DNA into a nucleus about 5 mum in diameter, yet this compaction blocks access to the DNA. At the first level of compaction, DNA is wrapped around octamers of core histone proteins to form arrays of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are sufficient to block access to DNA, and cells must therefore manipulate nucleosomes in the course of activating the genome. Dramatic progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms by which nucleosomes are manipulated. In addition to the major core histones, most eukaryotic genomes also encode additional variant histones, which have some structural similarity. These are targeted to specific loci by coupling specialized nucleosome assembly pathways to DNA replication, transcription, or to developmental processes. We review evidence that nucleosome assembly pathways are interlinked with histone-modification systems, and may thereby perpetuate epigenetic chromatin states.
authors.affiliation: Department of BCMP, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Kami
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000502:physiology*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology; D006657:Histones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes