title: Neuronal injury after repeated brief cardiac arrests during internal cardioverter defibrillator implantation is associated with deterioration of cognitive function.
abstract: To determine the degree of neurocognitive dysfunction after placement of internal cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and its relationship to the extent of neuronal injury, we studied 42 patients undergoing ICD (n = 21) or pacemaker (PM) insertion (control patients, n = 21). The Mini Mental State Examination, the Trailmaking A test and the forward and backward Digit Span tests were used and P300 latencies were determined preoperatively and postoperatively. Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was determined before and at the end of, as well as 2, 6, and 24 h after surgery. Preoperatively, PM patients scored worse in the Digit Span backward and the Trailmaking tests and showed prolonged P300 latencies. Postoperatively, the Digit Span backward scores declined and NSE levels increased only in the ICD group (P < or = 0.05). The difference between preoperative and postoperative Digit Span backward scores correlated with the increase in serum NSE levels (r2 = 0.3, P < or = 0.05). Moreover, P300 latencies increased in 13 of 17 ICD patients, but decreased in 7 of 10 PM patients (P < or = 0.05). PM patients even improved in the Trailmaking test (P < or = 0.05). Neuronal injury from even brief periods of global brain ischemia seems to be associated with deteriorating neurocognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weigl
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steinlechner
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmatzer
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fakin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zimpfer
authors.forename: Hendrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ankersmit
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khazen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dworschak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood; D011594:Psychometrics; D011930:Reaction Time
chemical_list: D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase