title: Sustained intraocular rapamycin delivery effectively prevents high-risk corneal allograft rejection and neovascularization in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the immunosuppressive and antiangiogenic activities of an intraocular rapamycin (RAPA) drug delivery system (DDS) in a rabbit model of high-risk penetrating keratoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty New Zealand White rabbits with corneal neovascularization underwent allograft cornea transplantation and were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a glycolide-co-lactide-co-caprolactone copolymer (PGLC)-implanted group, a RAPA eye drop group, and a RAPA-PGLC DDS-implanted group. Graft survival, corneal neovascularization, and RAPA concentration in the aqueous humor were monitored for 90 days. Corneal grafts were also examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for proinflammatory gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control and PGLC groups, graft rejection occurred within 3 weeks of keratoplasty. In the RAPA eye drop and RAPA-PGLC groups, corneal rejection was significantly delayed, and neovascularization was markedly inhibited. Median graft survival times were 36 and >90 days in the eye drop and RAPA-PGLC groups, respectively. Mean RAPA concentrations in the aqueous humor were 10.7 ng/mL, 12.0 ng/mL, 9.2 ng/mL, and 7.0 ng/mL in the RAPA-PGLC group 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery, respectively. By contrast, RAPA was undetectable in the aqueous humor in the eye drop group. High levels of IL-2R, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, and VEGF were detected in the corneal grafts of the control and PGLC groups but not in those of the RAPA-treated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RAPA-PGLC DDS and RAPA eye drops can significantly prolong the survival of allografts at high risk and inhibit corneal neovascularization. However, RAPA-PGLC DDS is far more effective than RAPA eye drops in preventing corneal graft rejection.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China.
authors.forename: Weiyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Shenguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016510:Corneal Neovascularization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D011091:Polyesters; D011817:Rabbits; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011091:Polyesters; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C507868:poly(glycolide-co-lactide-co-caprolactone); D020123:Sirolimus