title: Finger length ratio (2D:4D) and dimensions of sexual orientation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that both adult sexual orientation and the 2nd to 4th finger length ratio (2D:4D) are influenced by prenatal testosterone levels. Bearing this in mind, 2D:4D has been tested as a proxy measure of the putative prenatal testosterone impact on adult human homosexuality, but the results are inconsistent. To date, most studies in this field of research comprise categorical group comparison of heterosexuals and homosexuals with respect to their 2D:4D.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to evaluate 2D:4D and the dimensional perspective of sexual orientation in addition to categorical results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined a community-based sample of 409 subjects and calculated correlations of 2D:4D and sexual orientation as a continuum ranging from homosexual to heterosexual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant negative correlation of 2D:4D with homosexual orientation (fantasy, attraction, activity and general score) in women, but not in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that with higher prenatal testosterone levels in women, the likelihood of homosexual orientation might increase. We hypothesize a continuous neurohormonal sexual differentiation of the brain, most notably for women, that overrides categories and results in varying dimensions of sexual orientation. This hypothesis contrasts with the predominant suggestion of fixed organizational effects of androgens in the brain and a categorical sexual orientation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: Aba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Delsignore
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milos
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schnyder
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hepp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014894:Weights and Measures