title: Transcriptional pausing caused by NELF plays a dual role in regulating immediate-early expression of the junB gene.
abstract: Human 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF) and negative elongation factor (NELF) negatively regulate transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in vitro. However, the physiological roles of this negative regulation are not well understood. Here, by using a number of approaches to identify protein-DNA interactions in vivo, we show that DSIF- and NELF-mediated transcriptional pausing has a dual function in regulating immediate-early expression of the human junB gene. Before induction by interleukin-6, RNAPII, DSIF, and NELF accumulate in the promoter-proximal region of junB, mainly at around position +50 from the transcription initiation site. After induction, the association of these proteins with the promoter-proximal region continues whereas RNAPII and DSIF are also found in the downstream regions. Depletion of a subunit of NELF by RNA interference enhances the junB mRNA level both before and after induction, indicating that DSIF- and NELF-mediated pausing contributes to the negative regulation of junB expression, not only by inducing RNAPII pausing before induction but also by attenuating transcription after induction. These regulatory mechanisms appear to be conserved in other immediate-early genes as well.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aida
authors.forename: Yexi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Handa
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early / Q000235:genetics*; D016758:Genes, jun / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C112224:SUPT5H protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; C118437:negative elongation factor; D012319:RNA Polymerase II