title: Bioequivalence of topical formulations in humans: evaluation by dermal microdialysis sampling and the dermatopharmacokinetic method.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between dermal microdialysis (DMD) sampling and the dermatopharmacokinetic method when employed simultaneously for bioequivalence (BE) investigations of topical formulations. Topical lidocaine cream and ointment (both 5%) was investigated in eight healthy human volunteers (four male, four female). On one forearm, four microdialysis probes in two penetration areas sampled for 5 hours, and on the other arm, tape stripping was performed 30 and 120 minutes after product application. Lidocaine content in samples was analyzed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. The two methods were in agreement showing 3- to 5-fold higher lidocaine penetration from cream formulation than from ointment. A rank-order correlation between the two methods was demonstrated for lidocaine contents in microdialysates versus tape strip at 120 minutes, significant for the ointment formulation and for both formulations analyzed together. Analysis of variance demonstrated reproducible lidocaine concentrations in microdialysates with an intrasubject variability of 19% between probes and 20% between the two penetration areas. Thus, intersubject variability accounted for 61% of the variance. DMD sampling proved effective and variability analyses demonstrated the feasibility of BE studies in as little as 18 subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark. benfeldt@post5.tele.dk
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benfeldt
authors.forename: Steen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Aage
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vølund
authors.forename: Torkil
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Menné
authors.forename: Vinod P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018401:Sample Size; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine