title: Cytoplasmic cytochrome c immunolabelling in dystrophic neurites in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Cytochrome c has a well-established role in electron transfer and as a mediator of apoptotic cell death. The cortical and intracellular localisation of cytochrome c immunoreactivity was examined in Alzheimer's disease and control cases. No differences in the cortical labelling pattern or the density of cytochrome c-positive cells in neocortical layer V were present between control and Alzheimer's disease cases. Punctate cytochrome c labelling was present in a subset of neocortical neurons, including clusters of intensely labelled pyramidal neurons that were not specifically associated with beta-amyloid plaques. With respect to Alzheimer's disease associated pathology, only 6.7 +/- 1.4% of neurons showing neurofibrillary tangle formation demonstrated punctate cytochrome c immunoreactivity. These results suggest that cytochrome c may label a subset of pyramidal neurons that is susceptible, yet relatively resistant, to Alzheimer's disease pathology. A low percentage of neurofilament triplet protein medium, tau and chromogranin A labelled dystrophic neurites were also cytochrome c-positive. There was also a trend towards an increase in the percentage of cytochrome c immunoreactive dystrophic neurites in pathologically aged control cases compared to Alzheimer's disease cases, suggesting that cytochrome c may be an early and transient epitope within dystrophic neurites. In contrast to the punctate cytochrome c labelling observed in cortical cells, cytoplasmic cytochrome c labelling was observed within dystrophic neurites. Although cytochrome c release is indicative of the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, cytoplasmic cytochrome c may also indicate mitochondrial damage or dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: NeuroRepair Group, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 29, Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia. awoodhou@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woodhouse
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: Tracey C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D019579:Neocortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D016875:tau Proteins; D045304:Cytochromes c