title: Conversion to dementia from mild cognitive disorder: the Cache County Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine 3-year rates of conversion to dementia, and risk factors for such conversion, in a population-based sample with diverse types of cognitive impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  All elderly (aged 65 or older) residents of Cache County, UT, were invited to undergo two waves of dementia screening and assessment. Three-year follow-up data were available for 120 participants who had some form of mild cognitive impairment at baseline. Of these, 51 had been classified at baseline with prodromal Alzheimer disease (proAD), and 69 with other cognitive syndromes (CS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-year rates of conversion to dementia were 46% among those with cognitive impairment at baseline. By comparison, 3.3% without impairment converted to dementia in the interval. Among converters, AD was the most common type of dementia. In individuals with at least one APOE epsilon4 allele, those with proAD or CS exhibited a 22- to 25-fold higher risk of dementia than cognitively unimpaired individuals (vs 5- to 10-fold higher risk in those without epsilon4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with all types of mild cognitive impairment have an elevated risk of dementia over 3 years, more so in those with an APOE epsilon4 allele. These results suggest value in dementia surveillance for broad groups of cognitively impaired individuals beyond any specific category, and utility of APOE genotyping as a prognostic method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, USA. joannt@cc.usu.edu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Tschanz
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Welsh-Bohmer
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Lyketsos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Zandi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toone
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J C S
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Breitner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014589:Utah / Q000453:epidemiology