Effects of long-term atomoxetine treatment for young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this 13-study (seven double-blind/placebo-controlled, six open-label) meta-analysis is to determine the effectiveness and tolerability of long-term atomoxetine treatment among young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


METHODS
Data were pooled from 6- and 7-year-olds (N = 272) who met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD, received atomoxetine treatment, and were enrolled in clinical trials of > or =2 years. Of these, 97 subjects reached the 24-month time point, providing data for long-term trend analysis of safety and effectiveness.


RESULTS
Effectiveness for most subjects was maintained over long-term treatment, as demonstrated by total scores and total T scores on the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version, investigator administered and scored. During the 2-year period, 25.7% discontinued because of lack of effectiveness, but adverse events were clinically minor and transient, and only 4.0% of children discontinued because of an adverse event. Notable effects on growth were seen during early phases of the study, with attenuation occurring by the 2-year time point. Statistically significant increases in pulse and blood pressure and decreases in cardiac PR interval were seen, but no changes were deemed both statistically significant and clinically meaningful among any vital signs, electrocardiographic measures, or laboratory tests.


CONCLUSIONS
Long-term atomoxetine treatment appears generally well tolerated and effective in the treatment of young children with ADHD.
Kratochvil
Christopher J
CJ
Dr. Kratochvil is with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Dr. Wilens is with Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr. Greenhill is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; and Drs. Gao, Feldman, and Gelowitz and Mr. Baker are with Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis.. Electronic address: ckratoch@unmc.edu.
Wilens
Timothy E
TE
Dr. Kratochvil is with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Dr. Wilens is with Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr. Greenhill is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; and Drs. Gao, Feldman, and Gelowitz and Mr. Baker are with Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis.
Greenhill
Laurence L
LL
Dr. Kratochvil is with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Dr. Wilens is with Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr. Greenhill is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; and Drs. Gao, Feldman, and Gelowitz and Mr. Baker are with Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis.
Gao
Haitao
H
Dr. Kratochvil is with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Dr. Wilens is with Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr. Greenhill is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; and Drs. Gao, Feldman, and Gelowitz and Mr. Baker are with Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis.
Baker
Kurt D
KD
Dr. Kratochvil is with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Dr. Wilens is with Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr. Greenhill is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; and Drs. Gao, Feldman, and Gelowitz and Mr. Baker are with Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis.
Feldman
Peter D
PD
Dr. Kratochvil is with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Dr. Wilens is with Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr. Greenhill is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; and Drs. Gao, Feldman, and Gelowitz and Mr. Baker are with Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis.
Gelowitz
Douglas L
DL
Dr. Kratochvil is with the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha; Dr. Wilens is with Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr. Greenhill is with the New York State Psychiatric Institute/Columbia University, New York; and Drs. Gao, Feldman, and Gelowitz and Mr. Baker are with Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis.
D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011437:Propylamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride