title: Urine attenuation ratio: A new CT indicator of renal artery stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to evaluate the value of a ratio of the attenuation measurements of urine in each kidney (hereafter referred to as the urine CT attenuation ratio) in the detection and lateralization of significant renal artery stenosis (RAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 33 patients with suspected renovascular hypertension and 43 normotensive patients, 5-mm-thick transverse CT scans of the kidney area were obtained 4 min after helical CT angiography (CTA). The attenuation of urine in each kidney was measured, and its ratio was calculated. All 76 patients underwent intraarterial digital subtraction angiography within 2 days after the CT examination. The results of angiography were correlated with the urine attenuation ratio of both kidneys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients showed significant RAS: unilaterally in 20 and bilaterally in six patients. Two patients showed moderate stenosis of renal arteries. The other patients with essential hypertension (n = 5) or normal blood pressure (n = 43) showed normal renal arteries. The CT attenuation of urine in each kidney was measured and its ratio calculated in all patients except four patients with unilateral RAS. The urine CT attenuation ratio in 22 patients with significant RAS ranged from 1.11 to 4.76 (mean, 2.07). The two patients with moderate RAS showed ratios of 1.83 and 1.23. The others (n = 48) had a urine CT attenuation ratio that ranged from 1.00 to 1.54 (mean, 1.07). The difference of the ratio between the RAS group and the normal group was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The mean urine CT attenuation ratio was 2.18 in patients with unilateral RAS (n = 16) and 1.75 in patients with bilateral RAS (n = 6). The difference of the ratio between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). At a cutoff value of 1.22, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the urine CT attenuation ratio in the diagnosis of significant RAS were 95%, 96%, 91%, and 98%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The urine CT attenuation ratio is a simple and reliable indicator with which to detect and lateralize significant RAS and is a useful adjunct to helical CTA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea. sckmd@yahoo.co.kr
authors.forename: Chang Kyu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Jin Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Seung Hyup
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000150:complications; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014556:Urine