title: Structural analysis of complex saponins of Balanites aegyptiaca by 800 MHz 1H NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: The main saponin (1) present in the mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit is a mixture of 22R and 22S epimers of 26-(O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-beta-[4-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-22,26-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene. This structure differs from a previously reported saponin isolated from this source by the site of attachment of the rhamnosyl residue, and presumably represents a structural revision of the latter. The main saponin (2) present in the kernel is a xylopyranosyl derivative of 1. The use of high-field NMR enabled the practically complete assignment of 1H and 13C chemical shifts of these complex saponins, existing as a mixture of C-22 epimers. Moreover, the work represents a new approach to structural elucidation of saponins: direct preparative-scale HPLC-RID of crude extracts followed by high-field NMR investigations supported by ESI-MSn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Danish University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. ds@dfuni.dk
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staerk
authors.forename: Bishnu P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chapagain
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindin
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wiesman
authors.forename: Jerzy W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jaroszewski
mesh_terms: D032430:Balanites / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: C522478:26-O-glucopyranosyl-3-(4-O-(2-xylopyranosylglucopyranosyl)-2-O-rhamnopyranosylglucopyranosyloxy)-22,26-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene; C522477:26-O-glucopyranosyl-3-(4-O-glucopyranosyl-2-O-rhamnopyranosylglucopyranosyloxy)-22,26-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene; D012503:Saponins