title: Microchip-based liquid-liquid extraction for gas-chromatography analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants in urine.
abstract: A microchip-based liquid-liquid extraction for the gas chromatography analysis of urine for amphetamine-type stimulants has been developed. Partially modified microchannels with the capillarity restricted modification (CARM) method were employed for stabilizing the interface consisting of 1-chlorobutane and alkalized urine. Reliability of the microchip-based extraction was evaluated with respect to linearity, trueness and precision. As a practical demonstration, methoxyphenamine hydrochloride (50 mg) was administered to three healthy volunteers, and the concentration of methoxyphenamine in their urine was determined by both methods for comparison. This study showed the potential of pressure-driven microfluidics to contribute to the rapid automation analysis in forensic toxicology.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan. miyaguchi@nrips.go.jp
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaguchi
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokeshi
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikutani
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hibara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D008694:Methamphetamine; D000661:Amphetamine; C005157:methoxyphenamine