title: Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: parents' preferences regarding counseling at the time of infants' sweat test.
abstract: Newborn screening (NBS) protocols for cystic fibrosis (CF) are the first regional population-based programs to incorporate DNA analysis into their procedures. Research about these programs can inform policy and practice regarding how best to counsel families with abnormal NBS results. The grounded theory method guided interviews with 33 families whose infants had abnormal CF NBS results. A dimensional analysis of these interviews provided a theoretical framework describing parents' preferences regarding counseling during their infant's sweat test appointment. This framework describes the contexts and characteristics of the two main dimensions of parents' preferences: factual information and emotional support. Factual information included learning about the probability of a CF diagnosis, CF disease facts, sweat test procedure, and CF genetics. Social support consisted of offering parents a choice about the timing and amount of CF information, showing empathy for their distress, instilling hope, personalizing counseling, and providing hospitality. This framework also explains the consequences of counseling that matched versus mismatched parental preferences in these domains. Counseling that matched parents preferences reduced parents' distress while mismatched counseling tended to increase parents' worry about their infant.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA. atluczek@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tluczek
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Koscik
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Modaff
authors.forename: Darci
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pfeil
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lifchez
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gershan
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zaleski
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012944:Social Support; D013542:Sweat / Q000378:metabolism; D014362:Trypsinogen / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D014362:Trypsinogen