Cerebellar involvement in midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism.
OBJECTIVE
Twenty-four patients were evaluated to better characterize neurological and neuroradiological aspects of midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism.


METHODS
After a clinical genetics evaluation, the individuals were divided into two groups: 12 isolated cases (group 1) and 12 associated with multiple congenital anomalies (group 2). The investigation protocol included medical and family history, as well as dysmorphological, neurological, and neuroradiological evaluations by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan.


RESULTS
Because there was no significant difference concerning the neurological aspects of groups 1 and 2, they were analyzed together. Mild hypotonia (24 of 24), abnormalities in cranial shape (24 of 24), cranial nerves (19 of 24), motor coordination (18 of 24), dynamic equilibrium (14 of 24), and language problems (8 of 24) were noted. Measurements of the posterior fossa showed hypoplastic cerebellar vermis (8 of 17), the cerebellum at lower normality limits (5 of 17), and signs of cerebellar hypoplasia (3 of 7).


CONCLUSIONS
This study clearly demonstrates the presence of structural and functional neurological abnormalities related to midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism, as well as involvement of the cerebellum. It provides a basis for future investigation of midline facial defects with ocular hypertelorism and should be considered during planning of rehabilitation treatment.
Giffoni
Silvyo David Araújo
SD
Departamento de Genética Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas-SP, Brazil.
Gonçalves
Vanda Maria Gimenes
VM
Zanardi
Verônica Araújo
VA
Gil-da-Silva-Lopes
Vera Lucia
VL
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005624:Frontal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed