title: The 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism influences the endothelial response to IL-1 and the modulatory effect of pravastatin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) levels lead to impaired fibrinolytic function associated with higher cardiovascular risk. PAI-1 expression may be regulated by different inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1alpha (IL-1). Several polymorphisms have been described in the PAI-1 gene.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the influence of the 4G/5G polymorphism in the promoter region on IL-1alpha-induced PAI-1 expression by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in presence or absence of pravastatin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotyped HUVEC were incubated with IL-1alpha (500 U mL(-1)) in presence or absence of pravastatin (1-10 microm). PAI-1 expression was analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PAI-1 antigen measured in supernatants by ELISA. IL-1alpha increased PAI-1 secretion in a genotype-dependent manner, and higher values were observed for 4G/4G compared with both 4G/5G and 5G/5G cultures (P < 0.05). Preincubation of HUVEC with 10 microm pravastatin significantly reduced IL-1-induced PAI-1 expression in 4G/4G HUVEC compared with untreated cultures (177.5% +/- 24.5% vs. 257.9% +/- 39.0%, P < 0.05). Pravastatin also attenuated the amount of secreted PAI-1 by 4G/4G HUVEC after IL-1 stimulation (5020.6 +/- 165.7 ng mL(-1) vs. 4261.1 +/- 309.8 ng mL(-1), P < 0.05). This effect was prevented by coincubation with mevalonate, indicating a dependence on HMG-CoA reductase inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endothelial 4G/5G PAI-1 genotype influences the PAI-1 response to IL-1alpha and the modulatory effect of pravastatin. As increased PAI-1 levels have been linked to cardiovascular disease the observed endothelial modulation by pravastatin may have potential clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. jparamo@unav.es
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roncal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orbe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belzunce
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Páramo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D050197:Atherosclerosis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017035:Pravastatin