title: Tracking STAT nuclear traffic.
abstract: Accurate cellular localization is crucial for the effective function of most signalling molecules and nuclear translocation is central to the function of transcription factors. The passage of large molecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus is restricted, and this restriction affords a mechanism to regulate transcription by controlling the access of transcription factors to the nucleus. In this Review, we focus on the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The regulation of the nuclear trafficking of STAT-family members is diverse. Some STAT proteins constitutively shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm, whereas others require tyrosine phosphorylation for nuclear localization. In either case, the regulation of nuclear trafficking can provide a target for therapeutic intervention.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11777, USA. nancy.reich@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050834:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494227:IRF9 protein, human; D050834:Interferon-Stimulated Gene Factor 3, gamma Subunit; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D004247:DNA