title: A new tool for testing ossicular mobility during middle ear surgery: preliminary report of four cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We developed an ossicular vibration tester for the objective and quantitative assessment of ossicular mobility, which is one of the most critical factors affecting postoperative hearing after tympanoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our device consists of three components: a probe shaft with a curved tip to be attached to the target ossicle, a vibration exciter to activate the probe, and a piezoelectric sensor to detect vibrations of the probe. These components are encased in a stainless steel holder, allowing easy hand manipulation during ear surgery. The probe is activated with an electric signal at around 1,600 Hz. The system is controlled with a laptop computer, and the results are presented as the ratio of the ossicular resistance (ROR) to a reference value as a percentage. One measurement takes 10 ms. The device was applied in four selected patients during ear surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several measurements in two of the cochlear implantees showed a greater difference in the RORs of the stapes (15-20% in Case 1 and 35-45% in Case 2), whereas the RORs of the malleus and incus were within the same range. This was thought to correspond to the partial cochlear calcification noted in Case 2. In Case 3, who underwent surgery because of otosclerosis, the ROR of the stapes was high, ranging from 70 to 80%. When measured for the malleus-incus fixation anomaly (Case 4), the ROR of the malleus and incus was in the range of 60 to 70%. Owing to the limited surgical view, the ROR of the stapes could not be measured. No problems related to the measurements with this device were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The design, principles, measuring procedures, and preliminary results of our new tool for testing ossicular mobility are reported. Measuring the ossicular mobility during surgery may provide important information for deciding the surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan. nhato@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hato
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hakuba
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gyo
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwakura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tateno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000151:congenital / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010040:Otosclerosis / Q000601:surgery; D013201:Stapes Surgery; D014433:Tympanoplasty; D014732:Vibration