title: Multichannel PCR-CE microdevice for genetic analysis.
abstract: We have developed a fully integrated multichannel polymerase chain reaction-capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CE) microdevice with nanoliter reactor volumes for highly parallel genetic analyses. Resistance temperature detectors and heaters made out of Ti/Pt are integrated on the microchip using a scalable radial design to provide precise temperature control of the four parallel PCR-CE reactor systems. Heating rates of >15 degrees C s(-1) and cooling rates of >10 degrees C s(-1) allow cycle times of 50 s and 30 complete PCR cycles in <27 min. PDMS membrane valves control and localize PCR reagents in the 380-nL reactors. By directly integrating PCR reactors with the CE separation system, efficient coupling of amplification with separation is achieved. The microdevice demonstrates good amplification uniformity and sensitivity down to 10 initial template copies in the 380-nL reactor (approximately 43 aM) with signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10. Parallel PCR-CE multiplex amplification and genetic analyses of four different samples with (1) both M13mp18 control template and E. coli K12 cells, (2) only M13mp18 template, (3) only E. coli K12 cells, and (4) negative control are completed in less than 30 min in a single run.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Chung N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Toriello
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mathies
mesh_terms: D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors