title: Technique for the administration of nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation to ensure psychotropic analgesic nitrous oxide (PAN) effects.
abstract: This past year the 160th anniversary of the discovery of nitrous oxide as an analgesic/psychotropic anesthetic by an American dentist, Horace Wells, was celebrated in Hartford, Connecticut, USA. This useful gas has been in continuous use longer than any other anesthetic agent and has withstood the test of time. Applications in clinical practice over a variety of health disciplines are presented. This article provides technique guidelines for the administration of nitrous oxide/oxygen sedation to maximize and to customize individual gas dosages for optimal psychotropic and analgesic efficacy. Titration will be discussed with the intent for this manuscript to enable the proper concepts for nitrous oxide/oxygen administration and to customize individual gas dosages to achieve optimal doses of nitrous oxide consistent with psychotropic analgesic nitrous oxide (PAN).
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80247, USA. morrisclark@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Morris S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D009609:Nitrous Oxide