title: The ILAILL study: iloprost as adjuvant to surgery for acute ischemia of lower limbs: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study by the italian society for vascular and endovascular surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High rate of complications has been reported following revascularization for acute limb ischemia (ALI). No adjuvant pharmacologic treatment, apart from anticoagulation and standard perioperative care, has been shown clinically effective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the prostacyclin analog iloprost as adjuvant to surgery for ALI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 300 patients were randomly assigned to receive perioperative iloprost (intra-arterial, intraoperative bolus of 3000 ng, plus intravenous infusion of 0.5-2.0 ng/kg/min for 6 hours/day for 4-7 days following surgery), or placebo. The primary endpoint was the combined incidence of death and amputation at 3-month follow-up. Secondary endpoints were the incidence of each single major complication, total event rate, symptomatology, and tolerability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combined incidence of death and amputation was 19.9% in the placebo and 14.1% in the iloprost group (relative risk, 1.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-2.75, P = 0.12, Cox regression analysis). A statistically significant lower mortality (4.7%) was reported in patients receiving iloprost, compared with controls (10.6%; relative risk, 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-6.37, P = 0.03). The overall incidence of fatal plus major cardiovascular events was 33.1% and 22.8% in placebo and iloprost groups, respectively (relative risk, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.49, P = 0.03). No serious adverse reactions occurred after iloprost administration, nor differences in the incidence of bleeding or hypotension between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although at lower levels than previously reported, our results confirm the severity of ALI. Iloprost as adjuvant to surgery significantly reduced mortality and overall major event rate. Further data are needed to support this finding, and to face a still open medical issue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, San Giovanni Bosco Hospital, II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Donato
authors.forename: Gualberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gussoni
authors.forename: Gianmarco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Donato
authors.forename: Giuseppe Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Andreozzi
authors.forename: Erminio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonizzoni
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odero
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paroni
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Setacci
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Settembrini
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veglia
authors.forename: Romeo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Setacci
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palombo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002423:Cause of Death; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology; D016285:Iloprost / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010919:Placebos; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006493:Heparin; D016285:Iloprost