title: Inhibitory effect of PPAR on the expression of EMMPRIN in macrophages and foam cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a surface glycoprotein that can stimulate the production of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are thought to play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture. In order to demonstrate the involvement of EMMPRIN in the process of atherosclerosis, we characterized its expression profile in macrophages and foam cells, as well as its potential modulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through TaqMan real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, we found the expression of both EMMPRIN mRNA and protein was significantly increased during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced monocyte differentiation into macrophages. However, the same results were not observed when macrophages were further induced to become foam cells by oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). Both known PPARalpha agonist clofibrate and gamma agonist pioglitazone potently and specifically inhibited EMMPRIN expression in macrophages and foam cells. Moreover, this inhibition was associated with a decrease of MMP-9 secretion and activity as determined by ELISA and zymography. In addition, PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 reversed the inhibitory effect of PPARgamma on EMMPRIN protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings revealed an upregulation of EMMPRIN during monocyte differentiation into macrophages and foam cells. Both PPARalpha and gamma agonists inhibited EMMPRIN expression, which may contribute to their inhibition of MMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, No. 3 People's Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Mohe road 50, Shanghai, 201900, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: JunFeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: ChangQian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Taylor B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: YuQi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D051926:Basigin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D051926:Basigin