title: Evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of DPP IV resistant N-terminally modified versus mid-chain acylated analogues of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.
abstract: Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone with therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes due to its insulin-releasing and antihyperglycaemic actions. However, development of GIP-based therapies is limited by N-terminal degradation by DPP IV resulting in a very short circulating half-life. Numerous GIP analogues have now been generated exhibiting DPP IV resistance and extended bioactivity profiles. In this study, we report a direct comparison of the long-term antidiabetic actions of three such GIP molecules, N-AcGIP, GIP(Lys(37)PAL) and N-AcGIP(Lys(37)PAL) in obese diabetic (ob/ob) mice. An extended duration of action of each GIP analogue was demonstrated prior to examining the effects of once daily injections (25nmolkg(-1) body weight) over a 14-day period. Administration of either N-AcGIP, GIP(Lys(37)PAL) or N-AcGIP(Lys(37)PAL) significantly decreased non-fasting plasma glucose and improved glucose tolerance compared to saline treated controls. All three analogues significantly enhanced glucose and nutrient-induced insulin release, and improved insulin sensitivity. The metabolic and insulin secretory responses to native GIP were also enhanced in 14-day analogue treated mice, revealing no evidence of GIP-receptor desensitization. These effects were accompanied by significantly enhanced pancreatic insulin following N-AcGIP(Lys(37)PAL) and increased islet number and islet size in all three groups. Body weight, food intake and circulating glucagon were unchanged. These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of once daily injection of enzyme resistant GIP analogues and indicate that N-AcGIP is equally as effective as related palmitate derivatised analogues of GIP.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK. n.irwin@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Gillian C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harriott
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Gault
authors.forename: Finbarr P M
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: O'Harte
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Flatt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose