title: Auxin-enhanced root growth for phytoremediation of sewage-sludge amended soil.
abstract: A technology to increase root growth would be advantageous for phytoremediation of trace metal polluted soil, because more roots would be available for metal uptake. The objective of this study was to determine if the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), would increase root growth in soil with metals from sewage sludge, when the tetrasodium salt of the chelate EDTA (ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid) was added to solubilize the metals. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grew in large pots containing either soil from a sludge farm or composted sludge. The EDTA salt was added at a rate of 1 g kg(-1) soil 37 days after planting. IAA at the rate of 3 or 6 mg l(-1) was sprayed on the leaves (500 ml) and added to the soil (500 ml) three times: 41, 50, and 74 days after planting. At harvest 98 days after planting, oven-dry weights were measured, and plant organs were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Metal uptake was determined as the product of metal concentration in an organ and weight. IAA increased root growth of plants grown in the soil with sludge when no EDTA was present. With no EDTA, Mn and Ni in leaves of plants grown in the soil were higher at 3 and 6 mg l(-1) IAA compared to 0 mg l(-1) IAA. With and without EDTA, Cd and Pb in leaves of plants grown in the compost were higher with 3 and 6 mg l(-1) IAA compared to 0 mg l(-1) IAA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5501, USA.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Liphadzi
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kirkham
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006368:Helianthus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012995:Solubility; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012722:Sewage; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D004492:Edetic Acid