title: Newborn skin temperature two days postpartum during breastfeeding related to different labour ward practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate (1) the skin temperature pattern in newborns two days after birth in connection to breastfeeding and to examine (2) if the administration of epidural analgesia (EDA) and oxytocin (OT) infusion during labour influences this parameter at this point of time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven mother-infant pairs were included in the study: nine mothers had received OT stimulation during labour (OT group), 20 mothers had received an EDA and OT during labour (EDA group), while 18 mothers had received neither EDA nor OT stimulation during labour (control group). A skin temperature electrode was attached between the newborn's shoulder blades. The newborn was placed skin-to-skin on the mother's chest and covered with a blanket. The temperature was recorded immediately after the newborn was put on the mother's chest and at 5, 10, 20 and 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The temperature measured when the newborns were put skin-to-skin on their mothers' chest was significantly higher in the infants of the EDA group (35.07 degrees C) when compared to the control group (34.19 degrees C, p=0.025). Skin temperature increased significantly (p=0.001) during the entire experimental period in the infants belonging to the control group. The same response was observed in infants whose mothers received OT intravenously during labour (p=0.008). No such rise was observed in infants whose mothers were given an EDA during labour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that the skin temperature in newborns rises when newborns are put skin-to-skin to breastfeed two days postpartum. This effect on temperature may be hampered by medical interventions during labour such as EDA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women and Child Health, Division for Reproductive and Perinatal Health Care, Karolinska Institute, Retzius Väg 13a, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden. wibke.jonas@ki.se
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: A-B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ransjö-Arvidson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uvnäs-Moberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D006771:Hospitals, Maternity; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000187:drug effects; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D014110:Touch
chemical_list: D010120:Oxytocics; D010121:Oxytocin