title: Pneumococci causing invasive disease in children prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Scotland.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the serotypes and sequence types (STs) of pneumococci causing paediatric invasive disease in Scotland prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). All invasive pneumococci isolated between 2000 and 2004 from children aged less than 5 years in Scotland were used. The isolates were characterized by serotyping and multi-locus sequence typing. Two hundred and seventeen pneumococci were characterized into 22 different serogroups/types, the most common, in rank order, being 14, 19F, 6B, 18C, 23F, 9V, 4, 1, 19A and 6A. They were further genotyped into 77 different STs, the three most common being 9, 162 and 176. Common serotypes possessed multiple STs, but pneumococci of a particular clone were mostly associated with a particular serotype. The seven most common serotypes are included in the 7-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Serotype coverage for PCV7 was 76.5% in those aged less than 5 years but increased to 88.9% for those aged 1 year. The introduction of PCV7 into the childhood immunization schedule would reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in children, although continued surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease will be required before, during and after the introduction of PCVs.
authors.affiliation: Portsmouth City Teaching PCT, Milton Road, Portsmouth PO3 6DP, UK.|Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.|Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Balornock Road, Glasgow G21 3UW, UK.
authors.forename: Stuart C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Balornock Road, Glasgow G21 3UW, UK.
authors.forename: Johanna M C
authors.initials: JMC
authors.lastname: Jefferies
authors.affiliation: Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Health Protection Scotland, Clifton Place, Glasgow G3 7LN, UK.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMenamin
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Scottish Meningococcus and Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Balornock Road, Glasgow G21 3UW, UK.
authors.forename: Giles F S
authors.initials: GFS
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate