title: Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with cardiac syndrome X.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) includes chest pain, positive exercise stress test and/or radionuclide test for ischaemia and normal coronary angiography. There is no obvious aetiology for this syndrome. Some mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction and oestrogen deficiency have been invoked. In this study, we surveyed the association of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection with cardiac syndrome X.
  
  
  METHODS
  HP infection was detected by urea breath test (UBT) in patients with cardiac syndrome X, and compared with a sex- and age-matched control group. Patients with dyspepsia and coronary spasm were excluded. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  40 patients (29 females and 11 males) with cardiac syndrome X aged between 30 and 65 years (mean 45.51 +/- 5.03 years) were compared with a control group (28 females and 12 males) aged between 31 and 64 years old (mean 44.93 +/- 5.16 years). 95 percent of patients were HP infected, while only 47.5 percent of members of the control group were infected (p-value is less than 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the high prevalence of HP infection in patients with CSX in our sample and probable causative effect of chronic infection in vascular diseases, we believe that there is a probable role for HP infection in the pathogenesis of CSX.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine Research Centre, Fatemieh Hospital, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. malekmoj@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eskandarian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malek
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babaei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors