title: Changes in health for the uninsured after reaching age-eligibility for Medicare.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uninsured adults in late middle age are more likely to have a health decline than individuals with private insurance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine how health and the risk of future adverse health outcomes changes after the uninsured gain Medicare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N=3,419) in the Health and Retirement Study who transitioned from private insurance or being uninsured to having Medicare coverage at the 1996, 1998, 2000, or 2002 interview.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed risk-adjusted changes in self-reported overall health and physical functioning during the transition period to Medicare (t(-2) to t(0)) and the following 2 years (t(0) to t(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between the interview before age 65 (t(-2)) and the first interview after reaching age 65 (t(0)), previously uninsured individuals were more likely than those who had private insurance to have a major decline in overall health (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03 to 2.04) and to develop a new physical difficulty affecting mobility (ARR 1.24; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.56) or agility (ARR 1.33; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.54). Rates of improvement were similar between the 2 groups. During the next 2 years (t(0) to t(2)), adjusted rates of declines in overall health and physical functioning were similar for individuals who were uninsured and those who had private insurance before gaining Medicare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gaining Medicare does not lead to immediate health benefits for individuals who were uninsured before age 65. However, after 2 or more years of continuous coverage, the uninsured no longer have a higher risk of adverse health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. dwbaker@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feinglass
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durazo-Arvizu
authors.forename: Whitney P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sudano
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004608:Eligibility Determination / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D006278:Medicare / Q000639:trends*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States