title: Influence of S(+)-ketamine analgesia in renal intraoperative ischemia: histological study in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study in rats the effect of S(+) ketamine on the renal histology after intraoperative hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male Wistar rats, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, were randomly divided in 2 groups: G1 - control (n=l0) and G2 - S(+)-ketamine (n=10), both submitted to arterial hemorrhage of 30% of volemia in 3 moments (10% each 10 min) 60 min after anesthesia. G2 received S(+)-ketamine, 15 mg. kg-1, i.m., 5 min after anesthesia and 55 min before the 1st hemorrhage moment (Ml). Medium arterial pressure (MAP), rectal temperature (T) and heart rate were monitored. The animals were sacrificed in M4, 30 min after the 3rd hemorrhage moment (M3) and the kidneys and blood collected from hemorrhage were utilized for histological study and hematocrit (Ht) determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant reduction of MAP, T, and Ht. The histological study verified G1 = G2 for tubular dilation, congestion, and necrosis. The total score addition were significantly different and G2 > G 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhage and hypotension determined changes in kidney histology. The rise in catecholamine blood concentration probably was the cause of S(+)-ketamine-induced higher score of histological changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eloy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rusafa Neto
authors.forename: Pedro Thadeu Galvão
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Rosa Marlene
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Viero
authors.forename: Norma Sueli Pinheiro
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Módolo
authors.forename: Eliana Marisa
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ganem
authors.forename: Reinaldo Cerqueira
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Braz
authors.forename: Yara Marcondes Machado
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Castiglia
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020896:Hypovolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine; D010424:Pentobarbital