title: Cost-effectiveness of a primary care treatment program for depression in low-income women in Santiago, Chile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors compared the incremental cost-effectiveness of a stepped-care, multicomponent program with usual care for the treatment of depressed women in primary care in Santiago, Chile.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost-effectiveness study was conducted of a previous randomized controlled trial involving 240 eligible women with DSM-IV major depression who were selected from a consecutive sample of adult women attending primary care clinics. The patients were randomly allocated to usual care or a multicomponent stepped-care program led by a nonmedical health care worker. Depression-free days and health care costs derived from local sources were assessed after 3 and 6 months. A health service perspective was used in the economic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete data were determined for 80% of the randomly assigned patients. After we adjusted for initial severity, women receiving the stepped-care program had a mean of 50 additional depression-free days over 6 months relative to patients allocated to usual care. The stepped-care program was marginally more expensive than usual care (an extra 216 Chilean pesos per depression-free day). There was a 90% probability that the incremental cost of obtaining an extra depression-free day with the intervention would not exceed 300 pesos (1.04 US dollars).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stepped-care program was significantly more effective and marginally more expensive than usual care for the treatment of depressed women in primary care. Small investments to improve depression appear to yield larger gains in poorer environments. Simple and inexpensive treatment programs tested in developing countries might provide good study models for developed countries.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, University of Bristol, Cotham House, Cotham Hill, Bristol BS6 6UJ. R.Araya@bris.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Araya
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000458:organization & administration; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011203:Poverty / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents