title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and pharynx: association to p53 and clinical outcome.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is up-regulated in transformed cells and in malignant tissues, including tumours of the head and neck, and it has prognostic significance in many types of cancer. COX-2 expression is suppressed by the wild-type but not by the mutant tumour suppressor gene TP53. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the expression of COX-2 and the clinical outcome in patients with oral and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and to examine its relationship to p53. Immunohistochemistry showed an elevated COX-2 expression in 88% (n = 57; strong 38, weak 19) of the 65 tumour samples. The staining intensity was not associated with patient or tumour characteristics, nor with the immuhistochemical expression of p53. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant correlation between COX-2 expression and recurrence-free or overall survival, but a strong p53 expression was associated with a poor recurrence-free (p = 0.001, log-rank) and overall survival (p = 0.003). We conclude that, unlike strong p53 expression, COX-2 expression does not have prognostic significance in advanced oral and pharyngeal SCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhino-laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. timo.atula@hus.fi
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atula
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedström
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ristimäki
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Finne
authors.forename: Ilmo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leivo
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markkanen-Leppänen
authors.forename: Caj
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haglund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2