title: Use of topical human amniotic fluid in the treatment of acute ocular alkali injuries in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of topical human amniotic fluid (HAF) in the treatment of ocular acute alkali burns in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chemical burn with 2 microl of sodium hydroxide 0.15 mol/l was created in one eye of 30 mice. The animals were divided into gender- and age-matched groups according to the topical treatment that was administered: group 1 was treated with preterm HAF (n = 10 mice); group 2 was treated with term HAF (n = 10 mice), and group 3 was treated with saline solution (n = 10 mice). Treatment consisted of one drop that was applied to the burned eye five times per day (week one), and three times per day (week two). The epithelial defect was photographed and measured on days two and four. Ocular burn damage was assessed at days two, seven, and 14 after a pre-established classification. On day 14, both eyes of each mouse were enucleated and assessed histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median epithelial defect (interquartile range [IQR], 25th, 75th percentile) at day four was 9.93% (IQR, 8.57, 11.27) for group 1, 7.30% (IQR, 5.96, 8.97) for group 2, and 18.92% (IQR, 11.71, 27.64) for group 3 (P < .0076). The overall change (difference in slope) in ocular burn score between days 2 and 14 was -0.127 (P = .009) in group 1 vs 3, -0.134 (P = .012) in group 2 vs 3, and 0.007 (P = .88) in group 1 vs 2. On histologic examination saline solution-treated corneas had more inflammatory cells and blood vessels than HAF-treated corneas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical preterm/term HAF was an effective topical therapy for limiting the damage after acute alkali burns of the eye in this animal model.
authors.affiliation: The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herretes
authors.forename: Olan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Suwan-Apichon
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pirouzmanesh
authors.forename: Johann M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Aimee T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Broman
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gehlbach
authors.forename: Edith D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gurewitsch
authors.forename: Elia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Duh
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behrens
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005126:Eye Burns / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D023421:Models, Animal; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D012972:Sodium Hydroxide