title: In vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, and penicillin against Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, Finegoldia magna, and Propionibacterium acnes.
abstract: Daptomycin has in vitro activity against gram-positive anaerobic bacteria, although limited numbers of species have been tested. We studied the in vitro activities of daptomycin, vancomycin, and penicillin against more than 100 strains each of Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, Finegoldia magna, and Propionibacterium acnes. Daptomycin Etest MICs and results from time-kill studies were determined for selected strains. For 392 of 421 strains (93%), daptomycin was inhibitory at < or =1 microg/ml, including 15 of 16 strains of C. difficile with elevated linezolid MICs of 8 and 16 microg/ml, all 32 strains with moxifloxacin MICs of > or =4 microg/ml, and all 16 strains resistant to clindamycin. Daptomycin MICs were also < or =1 microg/ml for all 16 F. magna strains resistant to clindamycin and all 32 strains resistant to tetracycline. Only one strain, a C. perfringens strain, had a MIC of >2 microg/ml to daptomycin. Eighty-five and 92.5% of the Etest MICs were within 1 dilution of the agar dilution method for all drugs at 24 and 48 h, respectively. In time-kill studies, a C. difficile strain was inhibited by both daptomycin and vancomycin at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h; colony counts were decreased by 2.3 to 2.9 log at 24 h. Vancomycin was not bactericidal for C. perfringens; however, daptomycin showed bactericidal activity as early as 1 h at four and eight times the MIC and at 2 and 4 h at two and four times the MIC.
authors.affiliation: R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA. k.l.tyrrell@verizon.net
authors.forename: Kerin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tyrrell
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Citron
authors.forename: Yumi A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Helen T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: C Vreni
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Merriam
authors.forename: Ellie J C
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017576:Daptomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010406:Penicillins; D014640:Vancomycin; D017576:Daptomycin