title: Use of surfactants as plasticizers in preparing solid dispersions of poorly soluble API: stability testing of selected solid dispersions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of surfactant-plasticizers on the physical stability of amorphous drug in polymer matrices formed by hot melt extrusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Solid dispersions of a poorly soluble drug were prepared using PVP-K30, Plasdone-S630, and HPMC-E5 as the polymeric carriers and surfactants as plasticizers. The solid dispersions were produced by hot melt extrusion at temperatures 10 degrees C above and below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the carrier polymers using a 16 mm-Haake Extruder. The surfactants tested in this study included Tween-80 and Docusate Sodium. The particle size of the extrudate was reduced to have mean of 100-200 micron. The physical stability of the solid dispersions produced was monitored at 30 degrees C/60% for six-months and at 60 degrees C/85% for two-months in open HDPE bottles. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and dissolution testing was performed to assess the physical stability of solid dispersions upon stress testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dispersions containing HPMC-E5 were observed especially to be susceptible to physical instability under an accelerated stress conditions (60 degrees C/85%RH) of the solid dispersion. About 6% conversion of amorphous drug to crystalline form was observed. Consequently, the system exhibits similar degree of re-crystallization upon addition of the surfactant. However, under 30 degrees C/60%RH condition, the otherwise amorphous Drug-HPMC-E5 system has been destabilized by the addition of the surfactant. This effect is much more reduced in the extruded solid dispersions where polymeric carriers such as Plasdone S-603 and PVP-K30 (in addition to surfactants) are present. Furthermore, the drug release from the solid dispersions was unaffected at the stress conditions reported above.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Possible reasons for the enhanced stability of the dispersions are due to the surfactants ability to lower the viscosity of the melt, increase the API solubility and homogeneity in the carrier polymer. In contrast, while it is possible for the surfactants to destabilize the system by lowering the Tg and increasing the water uptake, the study confirms that this effect is minimal. By and large, the surfactants appear to be promising plasticizers to produce solid dispersions by hot melt extrusion, in so doing improving dissolution rate without compromising the physical stability of the systems.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Global Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA. firstone_ang@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alazar N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Ghebremeskel
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vemavarapu
authors.forename: Mayur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lodaya
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004355:Drug Stability; D005079:Excipients; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010968:Plasticizers; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid