title: Memantine treatment in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: a 24-week randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the moderate-affinity, uncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, memantine, versus placebo in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted at 42 U.S. sites. Participants were 403 outpatients with mild to moderate AD and Mini-Mental State Examination scores of 10-22 randomized to memantine (20 mg/day; N=201) or placebo (N=202) for 24 weeks. Primary outcomes were change from baseline at 24 weeks on the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog), a measure of cognition, and on the Clinician's Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input (CIBIC-Plus), a global measure. Secondary outcomes included change on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADCS-ADL(23)), measures of behavior and function, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most (82.4%) participants completed the trial. Memantine resulted in significantly better outcomes than placebo on measures of cognition, global status, and behavior when based on the protocol-specified primary last observation carried forward imputation as well as a mixed-models repeated-measures approach applied to the continuous outcomes. Treatment discontinuations because of adverse events for memantine versus placebo were 19 (9.5%) and 10 (5.0%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the safety and efficacy of memantine for the treatment of mild to moderate AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA. peskind@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Elaine R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Peskind
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Potkin
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pomara
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Olin
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008559:Memantine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D008559:Memantine