title: Nicotine induces cell proliferation by beta-arrestin-mediated activation of Src and Rb-Raf-1 pathways.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that nicotine, a component of cigarette smoke, can stimulate the proliferation of non-neuronal cells. While nicotine is not carcinogenic by itself, it has been shown to induce cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Here we find that mitogenic effects of nicotine in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are analogous to those of growth factors and involve activation of Src, induction of Rb-Raf-1 interaction, and phosphorylation of Rb. Analysis of human NSCLC tumors show enhanced levels of Rb-Raf-1 complexes compared with adjacent normal tissue. The mitogenic effects of nicotine were mediated via the alpha7-nAChR subunit and resulted in enhanced recruitment of E2F1 and Raf-1 on proliferative promoters in NSCLC cell lines and human lung tumors. Nicotine stimulation of NSCLC cells caused dissociation of Rb from these promoters. Proliferative signaling via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) required the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin; ablation of beta-arrestin or disruption of the Rb-Raf-1 interaction blocked nicotine-induced proliferation of NSCLCs. Additionally, suppression of beta-arrestin also blocked activation of Src, suppressed levels of phosphorylated ERK, and abrogated Rb-Raf-1 binding in response to nicotine. It appears that nicotine induces cell proliferation by beta-arrestin-mediated activation of the Src and Rb-Raf-1 pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Piyali
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: Shipra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Smitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ordonez-Ercan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haura
authors.forename: Srikumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chellappan
mesh_terms: D019390:Arrestins / Q000502:physiology*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism*; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019390:Arrestins; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D000071557:beta-Arrestins; D009538:Nicotine; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf