Properties and reactions of charged species in nonpolar supercritical fluids.
This review focuses on the properties and reactions of charged species in supercritical fluids. The techniques of pulse conductivity and transient absorption are used to follow the behavior of charged species. We begin with a discussion of the mobilities, yields, and energy levels of electrons. Studies of the pressure dependence of electron attachment reactions lead to information on the magnitude of activation volumes. This as well as diffusion and energetics are factors that influence the rates of electron attachment. The free energy changes in electron attachment-detachment equilibrium reactions decrease rapidly at pressures where the compressibility maximizes. The transport properties of ions in supercritical fluids are also discussed, as these studies provide a straightforward indication of the degree of interaction between ions and the medium. We conclude with a review of electron transfer reactions in supercritical fluids.
Holroyd
Richard
R
Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
Nishikawa
Masaru
M
Itoh
Kengo
K