title: The growth response to growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with isolated GH deficiency is independent of the presence of the exon 3-minus isoform of the GH receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variant of the human GH receptor (GHR) lacks a 22-amino-acid sequence derived from exon 3 (d3-GHR). It was reported that pediatric patients, born small for gestational age or with idiopathic short stature who were homozygous or heterozygous for this variant responded better to GH treatment than those homozygous for the full-length allele (fl-GHR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study the impact of the GHR genotype on the phenotype and growth response in patients with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) treated with GH.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, multinational, multicenter observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with IGHD (n = 107) were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients received GH treatment at replacement doses. The GHR genotype (fl-GHR/fl-GHR, fl-GHR/d3-GHR, or d3-GHR/d3-GHR) was determined by PCR amplification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures included height sd score, height velocity, height velocity sd score at baseline and 1 yr of GH treatment, and their changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference of the main outcome measures between patients with the d3-GHR allele (n = 48) and patients who were homozygous for the fl-GHR allele (n = 59). Moreover, the genotype group did not contribute significantly to the growth prediction in multiple linear regression models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the d3-GHR allele does not affect response to GH treatment or contribute to growth predictions in patients with IGHD who received replacement doses of GH aiming to restore a normal GH status. We did not confirm the previously reported data obtained in patients small for gestational age or with idiopathic short stature who received supraphysiological GH doses.
authors.affiliation: Eli Lilly & Co., Saalburgstrasse 153, D-61350 Bad Homburg, Germany. blum_werner@lilly.com
authors.forename: Werner F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Kalotina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Machinis
authors.forename: Elena P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Shavrikova
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stobbe
authors.forename: Roland W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Pfaeffle
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amselem
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011986:Receptors, Somatotropin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I