title: A prospective study of depression among adult patients in an urban emergency department.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prevalence and predictors of depression among emergency department (ED) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 1 week in November 2003, consecutive adult patients presenting to an urban ED from 8:00 a.m. to midnight were screened for a DSM-IV major depressive episode using the Harvard Department of Psychiatry National Depression Screening Day Scale. Patients who were severely ill or who had altered mental status were excluded. Demographic factors, psychiatric history, and brief medical history also were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 182 patients enrolled, 57 (32%, 95% CI = 25 to 39) screened positive for depression, which was much greater than general community estimates (6.6%, p < .0001). Depression was more likely (p < .001) in patients with a psychiatric history (61% vs. 22%), substance abuse history (65% vs. 30%), or a suicide attempt (67% vs. 30%). Eleven percent (95% CI = 7 to 17) of subjects endorsed suicidal ideation at least "some of the time."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This sample underrepresented severely ill, acutely distressed, or cognitively disabled patients. The most likely effect of these exclusion criteria was to yield an underestimate of depression. Also, the ED was located in a northeastern, urban city, which may not represent the rest of the country. Finally, we used a screening instrument without established operating characteristics within the ED setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although findings suggest that depression is common, it is often ignored in the ED setting. Recent efforts to increase awareness of depression in outpatient medical settings may be warranted in EDs as well.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Emergency Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Cooper University Hospital, Camden, N.J, USA. boudreaux-edwin@cooperhealth.edu
authors.forename: Edwin D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Boudreaux
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cagande
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kilgannon
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Camargo