title: Breakfast eating and overweight in a pre-school population: is there a link?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the socio-economic factors related to breakfast eating, the association between breakfast eating and overweight, and to gain a more thorough understanding of the relationship between these two elements in a population-based cohort of 4.5-year-old children. We hypothesised that a relationship could be observed between breakfast skipping and overweight independently of socio-economic factors such as ethnicity, maternal education, single parenting and family income.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study whereby standardised nutritional interviews were conducted with each child's parent. The children's height and weight were taken by a trained nutritionist and parents were asked about their child's breakfast eating.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analyses were performed using data from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (1998-2002), conducted by Santé Québec (Canada).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 1549 children between the ages of 44 and 56 months, with a mean age of 49 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost a tenth (9.8%) of the children did not eat breakfast every day. A greater proportion of children with immigrant mothers (19.4% vs. 8.3% from non-immigrant mothers), with mothers with no high school diploma (17.5% vs. <10% for higher educated mothers) and from low-income families (15% for income of $39,999 or less vs. 5-10% for better income) did not eat breakfast every day. Not eating breakfast every day nearly doubled the odds (odds ratio=1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.2-3.2) of being overweight at 4.5 years when mother's immigrant status, household income and number of overweight/obese parents were part of the analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although our results require replication before public policy changes can be advocated, encouraging breakfast consumption among pre-school children is probably warranted and targeting families of low socio-economic status could potentially help in the prevention of childhood obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5. lise.dubois@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Potvin Kent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004435:Eating; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015406:Single Parent; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors