title: Gender differences in adolescent smoking: mediator and moderator effects of self-generated expected smoking outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine relations among gender, self-generated smoking-outcome expectancies, and smoking in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students from one all-girls' (n=350; 53%) and one all-boys' (n=315; 47%) Catholic high school participated. Analyses included binary and ordinal logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For boys, smoking behavior was associated with buzz (odds radio [OR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.31-2.83, p < .001), pleasure (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01-2.16, p = .044), taste/smell (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.12-4.19, p = .022), stimulation (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.32-10.28, p = .013), and exercise/sport impairment (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.68-4.81, p < .001). Among girls, weight control (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.13-0.36, p < .001), negative aesthetics (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28-0.64, p < .001), addiction (OR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28-0.55, p < .001), and negative mood (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.20-0.97, p = .041) predicted smoking. Buzz (beta = 2.88, p = .004) mediated the gender-smoking relationship. Moderators included negative social (beta = -0.45, p = .021) and enhance self-esteem (beta = -1.07, p = .024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions might benefit from tailoring on gender differences in smoking-outcome expectancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, P.O. Box 301439-Unit 1330, Houston, Texas 77230-1439, USA. jirvinvidrine@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Jennifer Irvin
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Vidrine
authors.forename: Cheryl B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Kathryn I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wetter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*