title: Basic laparoscopic surgical training: examination of a low-cost alternative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  "Dry lab" facilities are integral to laparoscopy training, but access is often limited due to the high costs of video-laparoscopy equipment. We assessed the effectiveness of a cheap and simple training model compared to conventional video-laparoscopy for basic training using a randomised, blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six third-year medical students without previous surgical skills were randomised into two groups: group A students were taught basic laparoscopy skills using a conventional video-laparoscopy pelvic trainer and group B students were taught similar techniques using a cardboard box with a cut-out top to allow light and visualisation. Participants in group B had one eye obscured to reduce their stereoscopic vision. After eight sessions of training amounting to 24h, the two groups were assessed by a blinded adjudicator on set tasks using both the video-laparoscopy pelvic trainer and the cardboard box. Accuracy, timing and depth perception were assessed and the results compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in performance scores or times between the two groups in any of the parameters when tested on the cardboard box. However, when assessed on the video trainer, the cardboard box-trained group had significantly faster times with equivalent scores in the majority of tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For basic laparoscopic training the cardboard box, costing nothing, is a simple and effective alternative, which can be used in conjunction with sophisticated video-laparoscopy equipment costing thousands of dollars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Srinath K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chandrasekera
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Donohue
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Orley
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Nimish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bishai
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000191:economics*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004867:Equipment Design; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010388:Pelvis / Q000601:surgery*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results