title: Altered levels of adipocytokines in association with insulin resistance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic syndrome, closely associated with cardiovascular disease, is characterized by increased insulin resistance (IR). Although accelerated atherosclerosis is frequently observed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the prevalence and significance of IR remain to be elucidated. We evaluated IR in association with plasma concentrations of adipocytokines in patients with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients with SLE (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 80) were studied. A value of the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR) > 2.0 was considered to be IR. Plasma concentrations of adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were measured by ELISA and leptin by radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HOMA-IR indices of the SLE patients were significantly higher than those of controls (2.3 +/- 2.3 vs 1.3 +/- 1.0, respectively; p < 0.01), although both groups exhibited a similar body mass index. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus was significantly higher in patients with SLE compared with controls (48.6% vs 8.8% and 10.8% vs 0%). Twelve SLE patients (32%) with IR exhibited significantly higher incidence of hypertension and current proteinuria than SLE patients without IR. Plasma leptin, TNF-a, and, unexpectedly, adiponectin levels were higher in SLE patients than controls (adiponectin, 13.7 +/- 5.0 vs 9.5 +/- 3.9 microg/ml). Among the SLE patients, patients with IR showed significantly lower adiponectin levels than patients without IR (10.9 +/- 4.6 vs 15.4 +/- 4.4 microg/ml). Serum levels of adiponectin were significantly correlated inversely with HOMA-IR in SLE patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated levels of adiponectin in SLE, despite inverse correlation with IR, suggest the possible involvement of adiponectin in IR and alterations in its effect on insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan. sadakenn@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ken-Ei
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sada
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Mie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeshima
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010045:Outpatients; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha