title: Evaluation of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 soluble receptor, nitric oxide metabolites, and lipids as inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: This study compared the results of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 soluble receptor (sIL-2R), nitric oxide metabolites (NO(x)), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-cholesterol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol), and triglycerides) between control group (nondiabetic subjects) and overweight type 2 DM subjects. To restrict the influence of variables that could interfere in the interpretation of data, subjects with obesity and/or acute or chronic inflammatory disease, haemoglobinopathies, recent use of antibiotics, antiinflammatory drugs, and trauma were excluded. Type 2 DM patients (n = 39; age 53.3 +/- 9.0 years; median glycated haemoglobin A(1c)< 8%) presented higher levels of TNF-alpha, triglycerides (P < .01), NO(x) and sIL-2R (P < .05) than control group (n = 28; age 39.7 +/- 14.1 years). CRP, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol did not differ among groups. Diabetic women (n = 21) had higher levels of TNF-alpha, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol than diabetic men (n = 18) (P < .05), but there were no differences among sexes in the control group. This study indicates that increased level of proinflammatory markers occurs in type 2 DM even in the absence of obesity and marked hyperglycaemia, confirming that the inflammation course of the atherosclerotic process is more severe in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, Governador Celso Ramos Hospital, Floarianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia Ozorio
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Tânia Silvia
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Frode
authors.forename: Yara Santos
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Medeiros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002624:Chemistry, Clinical / Q000379:methods; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood*; D012306:Risk; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide