title: A selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, ATL-146e, prevents concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Concanavalin A (Con A) activates T lymphocytes and induces CD4+ T cell-mediated hepatic injury in mice. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are critical mediators in this experimental model. Activation of adenosine A2A receptors reduces the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppresses T cell activation. A selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist (ATL-146e) has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of inflammation by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) in leukocytes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether ATL-146e could ameliorate Con A-induced hepatic injury, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balb/c mice were injected with 25mg/kg Con A with or without a single injection of ATL-146e (0.5-50 microg/kg), 5 min prior to Con A administration. Liver enzymes, histology, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-6 were examined. We also assessed the effects of ATL-146e on pro-inflammatory cytokine production with CD4+ T cell.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with ATL-146e significantly reduced serum levels of liver enzymes (P<0.001). The serum pro-inflammatory cytokines were all increased after Con A administration and reduced to near normal levels by ATL-146e. ATL-146e also inhibited CD4+ T cell pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, ATL-146e, can prevent concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury that is presumably mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan. odashima@doc.med.akita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odashima
authors.forename: Michiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otaka
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Youhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuhashi
authors.forename: Reina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohba
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D000818:Animals; D003208:Concanavalin A; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D003208:Concanavalin A; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D011687:Purines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C431129:ATL 146e