title: Heterogeneity and prediction of hemodynamic responses to dobutamine in patients with septic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the heterogeneity of hemodynamic responses to dobutamine in patients with septic shock and to identify the predictive factors of these hemodynamic responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 12 patients with septic shock in a tertiary medical intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 20-min dobutamine infusion at 5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) with subsequent increments to 8, 12.6, and 20 microg.kg(-1).min(-1), on two consecutive days. Responses were dichotomized into changes in heart rate (HR) or stroke volume index (SVI) of >10% and < or =10% at the maximal dobutamine infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found in survival, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, maximal dobutamine doses, or pharmacokinetics of dobutamine between HR and SVI groups. In DeltaHR > 10% vs. DeltaHR < or = 10%, baseline HR was lower, and baseline mixed venous oxygen tension and saturation were higher. During dobutamine infusion, mean arterial pressure decreased in DeltaHR > 10%. Cardiac index and the systemic oxygen delivery index increased and the systemic vascular resistance index decreased at unchanged SVI. Pressure work index increased and the ratio of the diastolic to systolic aortic pressure time indices decreased but not to <0.6. In DeltaHR < or = 10%, systemic vascular resistance index and the ratio of the diastolic to systolic aortic pressure time indices decreased (but remained >0.6) without changes in SVI or cardiac index. Baseline hemodynamic and metabolic variables did not differ between SVI groups. In DeltaSVI > 10%, cardiac index increased with dobutamine, but Pao2 and the systemic oxygen delivery index decreased. In DeltaSVI < or = 10%, HR and the systemic oxygen delivery index increased; mean arterial pressure, left ventricular stroke work index, systemic vascular resistance index, and the ratio of the diastolic to systolic aortic pressure time indices decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with a positive chronotropic response to dobutamine had lower baseline HR values, and a chronotropic rather than inotropic response predicted an increase in cardiac index and systemic oxygen delivery index. Incremental dosages of dobutamine did not compromise indirectly measured myocardial oxygen balance.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Institute Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilbert T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Jellema
authors.forename: A B Johan
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.forename: Karel H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wesseling
authors.forename: Lambertus G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Westerhof
authors.forename: Johannes J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Lieshout
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004280:Dobutamine; D010100:Oxygen