title: Head injuries in warfarinised patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to study the clinical course and outcome of warfarinised patients who were hospitalised because of head trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  13 patients (ten males and three females; median age 69 years) who presented to the Royal Perth Hospital, Australia and who had suffered a head injury between July 1994 and June 2000 while concurrently taking warfarin, were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confusion was the commonest presenting symptom (four patients). Five patients presented after more than 24 hours of the injury. Eight patients were anticoagulated for thromboembolic disease and five for atrial fibrillation. The patients had a median injury severity score of 25 (range 1-43). The median international normalised ratio was 2.4 (range 1.8-10) on admission and 1.8 (range 1.0-10) on discharge. 11 of the 13 patients had computed tomography of the head. Intracerebral bleeding was the commonest injury (nine patients). The median length of hospital stay was six days (range 3-30). Five patients died (38.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Warfarinised patients who sustain minor head trauma should be hospitalised for close neurological observation and should have a low threshold for performing computed tomography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia. fabuzidan@uaeu.ac.ae
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Abu-Zidan
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003221:Confusion / Q000139:chemically induced; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin