title: Anterior urethral valves.
abstract: We studied the clinical presentation and management of four patients with anterior urethral valves; a rare cause of urethral obstruction in male children. One patient presented antenatally with oligohydramnios, bilateral hydronephrosis and bladder thickening suggestive of an infravesical obstruction. Two other patients presented postnatally at 1 and 2 years of age, respectively, with poor stream of urine since birth. The fourth patient presented at 9 years with frequency and dysuria. Diagnosis was established on either micturating cystourethrogram (MCU) (in 2) or on cystoscopy (in 2). All patients had cystoscopic ablation of the valves. One patient developed a postablation stricture that was resected with an end-to-end urethroplasty. He had an associated bilateral vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) obstruction for which a bilateral ureteric reimplantation was done at the same time. On long-term follow-up, all patients demonstrated a good stream of urine. The renal function is normal. Patients are continent and free of urinary infections. Anterior urethral valves are rare obstructive lesions in male children. The degree of obstruction is variable, and so they may present with mild micturition difficulty or severe obstruction with hydroureteronephrosis and renal impairment. Hence, it is important to evaluate the anterior urethra in any male child with suspected infravesical obstruction. The diagnosis is established by MCU or cystoscopy and the treatment is always surgical, either a transurethral ablation or an open resection. The long-term prognosis is good.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Vidyadhar P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Mali
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prabhakaran
authors.forename: Dale S K L
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Loh
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology*