title: Propofol acts at the sigma-1 receptor and inhibits pentazocine-induced c-Fos expression in the mouse posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sigma-1 receptor is functionally linked with psychotomimetic effects of various drugs. A sigma-1 receptor agonist enhances bradykinin-induced intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) increase and induces c-Fos expression in a part of the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of several intravenous anaesthetics on the sigma-1 receptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, using Wistar rat brains, (+)[(3)H]SKF-10,047, a selective sigma-1 receptor agonist was displaced by propofol, dexmedetomidine, droperidol, and thiopental. Second, Fura-2 loaded NG-108 cells were incubated with (+)pentazocine, a selective sigma-1 receptor agonist, and propofol and then its fluorescence was observed after stimulation with bradykinin. Third, male ICR mice received Intrafat or propofol intraperitoneally (i.p.), followed by pentazocine i.p. Brain slices were prepared and Fos-like immunoreactivity was detected using an immunohistochemical method. results: Propofol, droperidol, and dexmedetomidine displaced (+)[(3)H]SKF-10,047 binding in a concentration-dependent manner with Ki50s of 10.2 +/- 0.6, 0.17 +/- 0.03, 5.73 +/- 1.2 microM, respectively. Thiopental sodium was practically ineffective. Propofol produced a statistically significant reduction in the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) but did not affect the dissociation constant (K(d)). (+)Pentazocine significantly enhanced bradykinin-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases, but propofol did not affect it. Pentazocine induced marked Fos-LI positive cells in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices (PC/RS), which was significantly reduced by propofol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that propofol may be a sigma-1 receptor antagonist, and that various effects of propofol on the brain may be mediated, at least partly, by the sigma-1 receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Fumizono-cho 10-15, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan. yamadam@takii.kmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takamori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mochizuki-Oda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shingu
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004329:Droperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism; D008032:Limbic System / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010423:Pentazocine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017480:Receptors, sigma / Q000819:agonists / Q000187:drug effects*; D013874:Thiopental / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001920:Bradykinin; D002118:Calcium; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D004329:Droperidol; D010423:Pentazocine; D015742:Propofol; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D017480:Receptors, sigma; D013874:Thiopental; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor