title: Secondary hormonal manipulations in prostate cancer.
abstract: Targeting AIPC with therapies that affect the mechanisms of androgen receptor signaling despite a castrate testosterone milieu is an active and growing area of clinical research. At present, for patients with AIPC, the data support the maintenance of the castrate state, recognition of the AAWD phenomenon,the sequential use of oral antiandrogens, and a trial of estrogens or adrenal androgen-targeted therapies. Novel agents are being developed that seek to prolong the duration of clinical responses and the overall response rate.
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Program, UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. ryanc@medicine.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D007654:Ketoconazole