title: Sleep disturbances, oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk parameters in postmenopausal women complaining of insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to investigate cardiovascular risk factors and oxidative stress parameters as well as sleep disturbances in polysomnography recordings of 38 postmenopausal women with insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polysomnography recordings were performed on subjects for sleep analysis. Oxidative stress parameters were analyzed by measuring blood concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione. For cardiovascular risk factors, we measured plasma levels of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B6.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings of polysomnography recordings revealed: 68% experienced decreased sleep efficiency, 50% had apnea, 7.8% had periodic leg movements and 2.6% had bruxism (involuntary gnashing and grinding of the teeth during sleep). Our results showed that the majority of our subjects presented normal concentrations of the parameters studied according to standards reached in our laboratory. The only notable exception was TBARS. In this case, only 21% displayed normal values. We also found inverse correlations between SOD activity and both age and time of menopause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all women complained of insomnia, 50% of them demonstrated apnea during polysomnography recordings. Of the parameters measuring oxidative stress, only TBARS levels were increased in our sample. Some clinical data, such as time of onset of menopause, may be associated with the oxidative stress status of these women, probably due to the lack of estrogen and to sleep disturbances, such as apnea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Brazil.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hachul de Campos
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Almeida
authors.forename: B H C
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Grego
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Baracat
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D006710:Homocysteine; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase