Investigational treatments for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: exenatide and liraglutide.
Although a number of compounds are currently used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus, achieving a sustained glycaemic control over time is often not possible using oral antidiabetics. Endogenous incretins exhibit beneficial effects that could be useful for Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, such as stimulating insulin secretion during hyperglycaemia, improving beta-cell mass and function, reducing glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia and diminishing body weight; however, their short half-life makes them unsuitable for treatment. Incretin mimetics such as liraglutide and exenatide were developed to overcome this limitation. This review discusses the effects of these compounds and their potential as a new class of antidiabetic agents.
González
Claudio
C
Instituto Universitario Cemic, Galvan 4102 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Beruto
Valeria
V
Keller
Guillermo
G
Santoro
Silvina
S
Di Girolamo
Guillermo
G
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014688:Venoms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D015507:Drugs, Investigational; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D000077270:Exenatide