title: Number and function of endothelial progenitor cells as a marker of severity for diabetic vasculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a threatening complication of diabetes. As endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in neovasculogenesis and maintenance of vascular homeostasis, their impairment may have a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vasculopathy. This study aimed to establish whether number and function of EPCs correlate with PAD severity in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPCs were defined by the expression of CD34, CD133 and KDR, and quantified by flow cytometry in 127 diabetic patients with and without PAD. PAD severity has been assessed as carotid atherosclerosis and clinical stage of leg atherosclerosis obliterans. Diabetic patients with PAD displayed a significant 53% reduction in circulating EPCs versus non-PAD patients, and EPC levels were negatively correlated with the degree of carotid stenosis and the stage of leg claudication. Moreover, the clonogenic and adhesion capacity of cultured EPCs were significantly lower in diabetic patients with PAD versus patients without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that EPC decrease is related to PAD severity and that EPC function is altered in diabetic subjects with PAD, strengthening the pathogenetic role of EPC dysregulation in diabetic vasculopathy. EPC count may be considered a novel biological marker of peripheral atherosclerosis in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, School of Medicine, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Fadini
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sartore
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albiero
authors.forename: Ilenia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baesso
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menegolo
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grego
authors.forename: Saula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vigili de Kreutzenberg
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiengo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostini
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avogaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*