title: An analysis of lingual contribution to submental surface electromyographic measures and pharyngeal pressure during effortful swallow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of tongue-to-palate pressures on submental muscle contraction and oral and pharyngeal pressure dynamics during effortful swallowing maneuver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative analysis of 2 task strategies on biomechanic measures of swallowing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory in a free-standing research facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive volunteer sample of 20 healthy participants (age range, 20-35 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peak amplitude of submental surface electromyography and orolingual and pharyngeal manometric pressure at 4 locations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  General linear model analysis of variance revealed statistically significant greater amplitudes for the tongue emphasis condition of effortful swallow at all measured sensors (P<.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tongue-to-palate emphasis during execution of effortful swallowing increases amplitudes of submental surface electromyography, orolingual pressure, and upper pharyngeal pressure to a greater degree than a strategy of inhibiting tongue-to-palate emphasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. maggie-lee.huckabee@canterbury.ac.nz
authors.forename: Maggie-Lee
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Huckabee
authors.forename: Catriona M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Steele
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008365:Manometry; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*