title: MUC4 is a novel prognostic factor of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many of the patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EHBDC) show a poor outcome. We have reported that MUC4 is a novel prognostic factor of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of MUC4 expression in EHBDC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the expression profile of MUC4 in EHBDC tissues from 70 patients using immunohistochemistry. MUC4 is a membrane mucin like MUC1. In addition, MUC4 is an intramembrane ligand for receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 and is related with regulation of p27. We compared the MUC4 expression with MUC1, ErbB2, or p27 expression in EHBDC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MUC4 was expressed in 36 of the 70 patients with EHBDC. There was no significant correlation between the MUC4 expression and MUC1, ErbB2, or p27 expression. The survival of 19 patients with high MUC4 expression (>or=20% of carcinoma cells stained) was significantly worse than that of the 51 patients with low MUC4 expression (under 20% of carcinoma cells stained; P = 0.0072). The univariate analysis showed that high MUC4 expression (P = 0.0072), high MUC1 expression (P = 0.0092), histologic grading (P = 0.0029), surgical margin involvement (P = 0.0137), and nodal metastasis (P = 0.0036) were statistically significant risk factors. The backward stepwise multivariate analysis showed that high MUC4 expression (P = 0.0195) and surgical margin involvement (P = 0.0358) were statistically significant independent risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MUC4 expression in EHBDC is a new independent factor for poor prognosis and predicts the outcome of patients with EHBDC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shugo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibahara
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Surinder K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Kohzoh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C524658:MUC4 protein, human; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins