title: High-flow orbital arteriovenous malformation in a child: current management and options.
abstract: Vascular malformations of the orbit cause significant morbidity such as chronic pain, diplopia, amblyopia, and cosmetic disfigurement. They are rare lesions which require multidisciplinary care, and in the modern era results of treatment have been greatly improved with the assistance of endovascular therapy. Other treatment options include laser therapy, percutaneous embolization, open surgery, or a combination of these modalities. Nevertheless some patients suffer poor results despite modern medical advances. A case of an orbital arteriovenous malformation (AVM) initially treated independently by a dermatologist, a plastic surgeon, and a neuroendovascular interventionalist is presented. When treating patients with these rare but disabling lesions it is of the highest importance to coordinate efforts between all pertinent specialists in order to promote the best possible result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami and Miami Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trombly
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: S Anthony
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ragheb
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D018450:Disease Progression; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000098:blood supply*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team