title: Fractional sodium excretion, urinary osmolality and specific gravity in preterm infants fed with fortified donor human milk.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research was performed with the objective of investigating the renal effects on premature newborn infants of fortifying banked donor human milk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical intervention trial, of the before-and-after type, involving 28 premature newborn infants split into two groups by postconceptional age at the start of the study: GI < 34 weeks (n = 14) and GII >or= 34 weeks (n = 14), and assessed at three sample points: S1, on unfortified donor human milk, S2, after 3 days, and S3, after 10-13 days on fortified donor human milk. Nutrient intake, weight gain, fractional sodium excretion, urinary osmolality and specific density were compared with two-way ANOVA for repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluids, energy and sodium intakes were similar for both groups, and weight gain was satisfactory. Among the preterms with < 34 weeks postconceptional age, serum sodium was lower at the end of the study and the fractional sodium excretion was elevated at the start and at the end of the study (S1 = 2.11+/-1.05; S2 = 1.25+/-0.64; S3 = 1.62+/-0.88), with a significant difference in relation to GII (S1 = 1.34+/-0.94; S2 = 0.90+/-0.54; S3 = 0.91+/-0.82). Osmolality and urinary specific density were normal, with no differences between groups or collection dates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No adverse effects on the renal function of these preterms were detected as a result of being fed fortified donor human milk.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Ligia M S S
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rugolo
authors.forename: Antero F M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Cleide E P
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Trindade
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000378:metabolism*; D008895:Milk, Human; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013046:Specific Gravity; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D016226:Phosphorus, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D012964:Sodium