title: The influence of concomitant neuroleptic medication on safety, tolerability and clinical effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still considered to be the most efficacious treatment option in major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Unfortunately, in some cases patients do not respond sufficiently to conventional unilateral ECT, or even to bilateral or high dose ECT. In these cases, concomitant pharmacotherapy can be a useful augmentation strategy to improve clinical effectiveness. Interestingly, there is not much data about ECT and concomitant neuroleptic medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 5482 treatments in 455 patients in our retrospective study to see whether there might be differences between combination therapies (ECT and concomitant neuroleptic medication) and ECT monotherapy. We focused on clinical effectiveness and tolerability; furthermore we investigated treatment modalities and ictal neurophysiological parameters that might influence the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18.2% of all treatments were done with no psychotropic medication, 2.8% with a neuroleptic monotherapy. Seizure duration according to EEG derivations turned out to be significantly longer in patients treated with neuroleptics of lower antipsychotic potency, whereas seizure duration in EMG was shorter in treatments done with atypical substances. Postictal suppression was highest in treatments done with atypical neuroleptics, whereas the same group was lowest regarding convulsion energy and convulsion concordance indices. The best therapeutic effectiveness was seen in treatments done with atypical substances. Adverse effects were not influenced significantly by concomitant neuroleptic medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that there might be a clinical benefit by combining ECT treatment with neuroleptic medication; especially atypical substances seem to enhance improvement. The tolerability of ECT treatment was not influenced by concomitant neuroleptic medication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nothdurfter
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schüle
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zwanzger
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcuse
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Baghai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D004576:Electromyography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents