title: Cell cycle related proteins in hyperplasia of usual type in breast specimens of patients with and without breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperplasia of usual type (HUT) is a common proliferative lesion associated with a slight elevated risk for subsequent development of breast cancer. Cell cycle-related proteins would be helpful to determine the putative role of these markers in the process of mammary carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cell cycle related proteins in HUT of breast specimens of patients with and without breast cancer, and compare this expression with areas of invasive carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using antibodies against cell cycle related proteins ER, PR, p53, p21, p63, and Ki-67 in hyperplasia of usual type (HUT) in specimens of aesthetic reduction mammaplasty (ARM), in specimens of mammaplasty contralateral to breast cancer (MCC), and in specimens of invasive mammary carcinomas (IMC) presenting HUT in the adjacent parenchyma. The results showed that the immunoexpression of ER, PR, p21, p53, p63, and KI-67 was similar in HUT from the three different groups. The p63 expression in myoepithelial cells showed discontinuous pattern in the majority of HUT, different from continuous expression in normal lobules. Nuclear expression of p53 and p21 was frequently higher expressed in IMC and very rare in HUT. We also found cytoplasmic expression of p21 in benign hyperplastic lesions and in neoplastic cells of IMC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data failed to demonstrate different expression of cell cycle related proteins in HUT from patients with and without breast cancer. However, we found discontinuous expression of p63 in myoepithelial cells around HUT adjacent to carcinomas and cytoplasmic expression of p21 in epithelial cells of hyperplastic foci. Further studies are needed to determine how these subgroups relate to molecular abnormalities and cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30150-270, Brazil. lutafuri@gmail.com
authors.forename: Luciene S A
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Tafuri
authors.forename: Gislene F S
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Helenice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gobbi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism*; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C081876:CKAP4 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)