title: In vitro assessment of the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide paste with chlorhexidine against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various medicaments, including Ca(OH)2/2% chlorhexidine, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and Ca(OH)2 alone, against Enterococcus faecalis and Candid albicans in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty extracted single-rooted human maxillary teeth were used. After removing the crown, each root was instrumented up to size 50 by using a conventional technique. The root canal was irrigated with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) solution to remove smear layer. Then, roots were infected with E faecalis and C albicans. Subsequently, the roots were divided into 4 treatment groups: group 1 was treated with calcium powder hydroxide in distilled water, group 2 was treated with calcium hydroxide powder in 2% chlorhexidine, group 3 was treated with 2% chlorhexidine gel, and group 4 was treated with 0.9% sterile saline serving as negative control. Microbial samples were taken after 7, 15, and 30 days. After incubation, dentine chips were obtained form each root canal and examined microbiologically. The microbiological samples were plated to count colony-forming units in per milligram of dentin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the 2% chlorhexidine gel was significantly more effective than calcium hydroxide with 2% chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, and control saline solution (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study, 2% chlorhexidine gel is effective in the elimination of E faecalis and C albicans from the root canal system. However, to support this in vitro observation, further in vivo studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey. ertugrulercan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ertuğrul
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalli
authors.forename: C Türksel
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Dülgergil
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D009824:Ointments; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D009824:Ointments; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide; D002710:Chlorhexidine