title: An analysis of the drug error problem in the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the problem of drug error related to anesthesia in Thailand including nature, contributing factors and preventive strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively recorded anesthesia-related drug error incidents for 18 months in 20 studied hospitals in Thailand. Types of errors and their outcomes were recorded. All data were analyzed to identify contributing factors and preventive strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one drug error incidents were reported in 40 out of 202,699 anesthetized cases or 1: 4,943 in this study. The most common type of error was wrong drug (20 incidents; 48.8%). No relationship between anesthetic techniques and the incidents except for a combined general and epidural technique. The errors were most commonly occurred during induction of anesthesia (26 out of 41; 63.4%) and muscle relaxants were most commonly involved (13 out of 41; 31.7%). The majority of incidents (26 out of 41; 63.4%) caused no adverse effect. However 14 incidents (34.1%) caused transient mild to severe physiological effects, of which 13 had complete recovery but one died. Haste and lack of recheck were two common contributing factors which were minimized by high awareness and double check prior to drug administration. Main strategies suggested to prevent the incidents included specific guideline development whereas the incidents did not effectively decrease by increasing of manpower
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of drug error in our study was 1 : 4,943. It can cause morbidity and mortality during anesthesia. Practitioners should be aware of these potential incidents and strictly follow the guideline for drug administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. thintong@mail.med.cmu.ac.th
authors.forename: Thanoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hintong
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chau-In
authors.forename: Somboon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thienthong
authors.forename: Siwaporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakcharoenwaree
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics