title: [Actinomycetoma and Nocardia sp. Report of five cases treated with imipenem or imipenem plus amikacin].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dapsone with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol is currently the standard treatment for actinomycetoma. In select cases, amikacin, streptomycin, kanamycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid or phosphomycin may be also added. Imipenem has shown to be effective both in vitro and in vivo against some actinomycetes. Amikacin with Imipenem has a synergistic effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report our preliminary findings using imipenem alone or with amikacin for severe or multi-resistant mycetomas due to Nocardia sp.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present 5 cases of chronic mycetoma infection previously treated with anti-bacterial multidrug regimens. All patients were hospitalized and treated with imipenem 500 mg IV, three times a day for three weeks. Three patients received in addition amikacin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 3 male and 2 female patients. The average length of disease duration was 7.4 years. In 3 cases mycetoma was located on the back; one of them involved the rib and the lung. One case was localized in the abdominal wall, and another one involved the posterior side of the cervical region. Two patients achieved clinical and bacteriological cure one year after treatment with Imipenem, and the remaining three displayed clinical improvement, even though grains were observed, cultures where negative. None of the 5 patients studied showed clinical evidence of adverse reactions to Imipenem.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imipenem is a strong antibiotic and constitutes an important treatment alternative for severe or multi-resistant mycetoma especially for cases with bone and visceral involvement.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Dermatología, Hospital General Dr Manuel Gea González SSA, México DF.
authors.forename: Adán
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Ramón F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zacarías
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000583:Amikacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008271:Mycetoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009617:Nocardia Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015378:Imipenem; D000583:Amikacin