title: Hepatitis C in children: a quaternary referral center perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 0.3% of children in the United States, and the general impression is that it has a benign course in childhood. We analyzed a pediatric population with chronic HCV in a quaternary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective clinical review comprising all patients with chronic HCV referred to the Pediatric Liver/Liver Transplant Program between January 1999 and December 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-one patients (52% female; mean age, 9 years) were assessed. Eight-three percent of the patients were genotype 1. Twenty-one patients received/are receiving interferon and ribavirin for chronic HCV (treatment indications--advanced disease, 9; clinical trial, 6; genotype 2, 2; social, 2; prerenal transplant, 1). Eight (53%) of 15 patients, who have completed therapy and follow-up, achieved sustained viral response. Seven of 91 patients had cirrhosis at presentation (mean age, 11.7 years). Four underwent liver transplantation, all experienced HCV recurrence, 2 died, 1 was retransplanted, and 1 has compensated cirrhosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although, in general, HCV in children has a slow progression, there are cases with an accelerated course and early development of cirrhosis requiring liver transplant. Hepatitis C virus recurs universally after transplant, and its prognosis is usually poor; therefore, the most promising long-term approach is to clear this infection before transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rumbo
authors.forename: Rima L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Fawaz
authors.forename: Sukru H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Emre
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Suchy
authors.forename: Nanda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kerkar
authors.forename: Raffaella A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Morotti
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Shneider
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents