title: Vulnerable populations: cultural and spiritual direction.
abstract: Cultural, spiritual, and religious diversity of emergency department patients is increasing while that of emergency physicians in particular remains predominantly homogeneous. With a discordance of cultural, race, and ethnicity exist, in the case of ethical conflict -resolution becomes that much more difficult. Patients may feel vulnerable when their emergency care provider does not understand his or her cultural, spiritual, and religious uniqueness as it relates to the patient-doctor interaction and health care decision making. This review will examine (1) language differences; (2) cultural, religious, and spiritual differences between patient and provider; (3) differing explanatory models of disease between patient and provider; and (4) diverse bioethical models of decision making of differing cultures in an effort to reduce vulnerabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. tquest@emory.edu
authors.forename: Tammie E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Quest
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Franks
mesh_terms: D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003469:Culture; D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000941:ethics* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D029181:Spirituality