[Exposure to metal compounds in occupational galvanic processes].
BACKGROUND
Occupational galvanic processes are provided in more than 600 small and medium enterprises in Poland. Workers who deal with galvanic coating are exposed to heavy metal compounds: tin, silver, copper and zinc. Some of them are carcinogenic, for example, hexavalent chromium compounds, nickel and cadmium compounds.


METHODS
Research covered several tens of workstations involved in chrome, nickel, zinc, tin, silver, copper and cadmium plating. Compounds of metals present in the air were determined: Cr, Ni, Cd, Sn, Ag--by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization (ET-AAS) and Zn--by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame atomization (F-AAS).


RESULTS
The biggest metal concentrations--of silver and copper--were found at workstations of copper, brass, cadmium, nickel and chrome plating, conducted at the same time. Significant concentrations of copper were found at workstations of maintenance bathing and neutralizing of sewage. The concentrations of metals did not exceed Polish MAC values. MAC values were not exceeded for carcinogenic chromium(VI), nickel or cadmium, either.


CONCLUSIONS
In galvanic processes there was no hazard related to single metals or their compounds, even carcinogenic ones. Combined exposure indicators for metals at each workstation did not exceed 1, either. However, if there are even small quantities of carcinogenic agents, health results should always be taken into consideration.
Surgiewicz
Jolanta
J
Z Zakładu Zagrozeń Chemicznych i Pyłowych, Centralnego Instytutu Ochrony Pracy-Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego w Warszawie. josur@ciop.pl
Domański
Wojciech
W
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D008669:Metallurgy; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014001:Tin / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002104:Cadmium; D002857:Chromium; D012834:Silver; D014001:Tin; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D015032:Zinc