title: Effect of raloxifene on bone mineral density in premenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Raloxifene is a promising breast cancer prevention agent in postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. The effects of raloxifene in premenopausal women are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effect of raloxifene in premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer on bone mineral density (BMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a phase II clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at an academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer enrolled in the trial. Thirty subjects began treatment and 27 were evaluable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raloxifene (60 mg daily) and elemental calcium (500 mg daily) were given for 2 yr. Subjects were followed up off medications for 1 yr.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end point was the intrasubject percent change in BMD at 1 yr measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean baseline lumbar spine density was 1.027 g/cm(2). Lumbar spine density decreased 2.3% at 1 yr (P < 0.00001) and 3.5% at 2 yr (P < .00001). Percent change from yr 2 to 3 was +1.4%. The mean baseline total hip bone density was 0.905 g/cm(2). Total hip density decreased 0.3% at 1 yr and 1.0% at 2 yr (P = 0.033). Percent change from yr 2 to 3 was +1.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raloxifene use is associated with a decrease in BMD in premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. The clinical significance of this decrease is unknown and is attenuated with stopping raloxifene.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Clinical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 12N226, 9000 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. engwongj@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eng-Wong
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Venzon
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liewehr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gantz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Danforth
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zujewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017697:Premenopause; D011788:Quality of Life; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D005340:Fibrinogen