title: Cellular magnetic resonance imaging: current status and future prospects.
abstract: Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) allows for the tracking of the temporal and spatial migration of cells labeled with MR contrast agents within organs and tissues. This rapidly growing area of experimental research has the potential of translating from bench to bedside and may be used in conjunction with cellular therapy clinical trials or in the evaluation of novel drug therapies. Ex vivo labeling of nonphagocytic cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles or paramagnetic contrast agents (i.e., gadolinium or manganese) allows for the detection of single cells or clusters of labeled cells within target tissues using CMRI following either direct implantation or intravenous injection. However, prior to the translation of experimental cell labeling studies to clinical trials, it is essential to perform preclinical evaluation to demonstrate a lack of toxicity, the ability to scale-up labeling using good manufacturing practice and the ability to detect cells by in vivo MRI in relevant model systems.
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Health System, Radiology Research, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. saali@rad.hfh.edu
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arbab
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008345:Manganese / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D008954:Models, Biological; D049329:Nanostructures; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D008345:Manganese; D005682:Gadolinium; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide