title: How should the TNM staging system for lung cancer be revised? A simulation based on the Japanese Lung Cancer Registry populations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 1997 version of the TNM staging system for lung cancer has several prognostic problems. Among these, the overlapping survival of stages IB and IIA is the most serious. We performed this retrospective study to test a revised TNM staging system for lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We revised the T1 descriptor definition and stage grouping for testing as follows. According to the greatest tumor diameter, T1 tumors were divided into T1a tumors (< or =2.0 cm) and T1b tumors (2.1-3.0 cm). With these descriptors, new IA, IB, and IIA stages were defined as T1a N0 M0, T1b N0 M0, and T2 N0 M0 + T1 N1 M0, respectively. For 6644 patients with histologically non-small cell lung cancers resected in 1994 and reported in the Japanese Lung Cancer Registry Study, the survivals and prognostic difference between neighboring stages were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 5-year survival of the entire population was 52.6%. In the clinical setting, the 5-year survivals of the new IA, new IB, new IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IV stages were 77.5%, 69.3%, 49.8%, 40.6%, 35.8%, 28.0%, and 20.8%, respectively. In the pathologic setting, they were 83.7%, 76.0%, 60.0%, 42.2%, 29.8%, 19.3%, and 20.0%, respectively. For both clinical and pathologic settings, differences between all neighboring stages were statistically significant, except for that between IIIB and IV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcategorization of T1 and minor changes in stage grouping results in a system with significant differences in prognosis between neighboring stages. The unification of stages IB and IIA, especially, improves the discriminatory power of the staging system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. hasamura@ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asamura
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goya
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koshiishi
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sohara
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miyaoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000145:classification*; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis