title: Genetic variability and chromosome-length polymorphisms of the witches' broom pathogen Crinipellis perniciosa from various plant hosts in South America.
abstract: Crinipellis perniciosa has been classified into at least four known biotypes associated with members of unrelated plant families. In this study, genetic variability is shown for 27 C (Cacao), 4 S (Solanum), and 7 L biotype (Liana) isolates of C. perniciosa collected from different regions of Brazil and South America. The objective was to investigate the genetic variability of the pathogen in the cacao-producing region of Bahia, Brazil, and elsewhere, through microsatellite analysis, and attempt to identify possible correlations between host specificity and electrophoretic karyotypes. The PCR-banding patterns were found to vary both within and between the different biotypes, and a correlation was established between the PCR-banding patterns and the chromosomal-banding patterns of each isolate. Microsatellite and chromosomal patterns among all of the L and S biotype isolates were distinctly different from the C biotypes analysed. A higher degree of genetic and chromosomal variability was found among C biotype isolates from the Amazon in comparison with C biotype isolates from Bahia, which seems to be comprised of only two main genotypes. This finding has important implications to the current cacao-breeding programme in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Genômica e Expressão, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, Campinas, 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Johana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rincones
authors.forename: Gabriel D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mazotti
authors.forename: Gareth W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pomela
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueira
authors.forename: Gildemberg A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Marisa V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Gonçalo A G
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Lyndel W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Meinhardt
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007621:Karyotyping; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000382:microbiology*; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D016533:Mycological Typing Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013020:South America
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal