Democratization and Political Change as Threats to Collective Sentiments: Testing Durkheim in Russia.
Durkheim argued that acute political crises result in increased homicide rates because they pose a threat to sentiments about the collective. Though crucial to Durkheim's work on homicide, this idea remains untested. The authors took advantage of the natural experiment of the collapse of the Soviet Union to examine this hypothesis. Using data from Russian regions (N = 78) and controlling for measures of anomie and other covariates, the authors estimated the association between political change and change in homicide rates between 1991 and 2000. Results indicated that regions exhibiting less support for the Communist Party in 2000 (and thus greater change in political ideals because the Party had previously exercised complete control) were regions with greater increases in homicide rates. Thus, while democratization may be a positive development relative to the Communist juggernaut of the past, it appears that the swift political change in Russia is partially responsible for the higher rates of violence there following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Pridemore
William Alex
WA
William Alex Pridemore is on the criminal justice faculty at Indiana University, where he is also an affiliate faculty member of the Russian and East European Institute. He is also a member of the National Consortium on Violence Research. His main research interests include (1) social structure and violence, (2) the impact of the social/political/economic transition and of alcohol consumption on the cross-sectional and temporal variation of homicide and suicide rates in Russia, and (3) far right-wing culture and crime in the United States. He is the editor of Ruling Russia: Law, Crime, and Justice in a Changing Society; and his recent articles have appeared in American Journal of Public Health, Journal of Quantitative Criminology, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, and Social Science and Medicine.
Kim
Sang-Weon
SW