title: Esthesioneuroblastoma: endonasal endoscopic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To illustrate endoscopic techniques used in the treatment of esthesioneuroblastoma and to advocate this method of management followed by radiation therapy in selected cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case series of 10 patients with esthesioneuroblastomas treated between 1999 and 2004 at a tertiary referral center using endonasal techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients at presentation was 56.2 years (median 57 years). Seven patients were female and 3 patients were male. Kadish staging at presentation was: A - 3 patients, B - 5 patients, C - 2 patients. Dulguerov stage at presentation was: T1 - 4 patients, T2 - 4 patients, T3 - 2 patients. The period of follow-up ranged from 11 months to 74 months (mean 38.1 months, median 39 months). To date no recurrence has developed in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience suggests that endoscopic surgery can be an effective method of management. Strict attention to selection criteria, careful surgical techniques, and regular follow-up are key elements for success.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Insubria, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Castelnuovo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delù
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sberze
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pistochini
authors.forename: Cristhian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cambria
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bignami