title: Activation of toll-like receptor-9 induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression through Akt and tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling.
abstract: CpG oligodeoxunucleotide (ODN) plays an important role in immune cell function. The present study examined whether temporal control of toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 by CpG ODN can regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). CpG ODN induced the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and the expression of TNF receptor (TNFR)-II, but not of TNFR-I, in a time-dependent manner and stimulated significant, though delayed, MMP-9 expression. The endosomal acidification inhibitors, chloroquine or bafilomycin A, inhibited CpG ODN-induced TNF-alpha, TNFR-II, and MMP-9 expression. CpG ODN induced the phosphorylation of Akt, and the inhibition of Akt by LY294002 suppressed CpG ODN-induced TNF-alpha, TNFR-II, and MMP-9 expressions. Moreover, neutralizing TNF-alpha antibody significantly suppressed CpG ODN-induced MMP-9 expression, suggesting the involvement of TNF-alpha. These observations suggest that CpG ODN may play important roles in macrophage activation by regulating the expression of MMP-9 via a TLR-9/Akt/TNF-alpha-dependent signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 317-1 Daemyung-5 Dong, Daegu 705-717, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Sun-Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung-Ro
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Yoe-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Jae-Ryong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chu-Hee
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Suk-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9