title: Evaluation of cardiac function by tissue Doppler imaging in children with chronic hepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pathoanatomic changes in cirrhosis result in impaired ventricular filling and diastolic dysfunction and were named as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. However, cardiac functions have not been studied in patients with chronic hepatitis. We hypothesized that such patients might have subclinical ventricular dysfunction, detectable by tissue Doppler echocardiography and related to the severity of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 63 clinically stable patients, 27 patients with mild chronic hepatitis (group 1), 22 patients with moderate chronic hepatitis (group 2) and 14 patients with severe chronic hepatitis (group 3) according to the scoring system of Knodell, and 36 age-matched healthy subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with severe chronic hepatitis had impaired right ventricular diastolic function. The early diastolic velocity of the tricuspid valve annulus was lower in patients from group 3 than in healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Patients in group 3 had a greater isovolumic relaxation time (P < 0.001), indicating right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Comparing group 3 with the healthy subjects, the ratio of peak early myocardial tissue velocity and peak late (or atrial) myocardial tissue velocity was significantly decreased (P < 0.001), at 1.4 (0.7) and 1.9 (0.7), respectively. There was also a slightly lower peak early myocardial tissue velocity and peak late (or atrial) myocardial tissue velocity ratio and a slightly longer isovolumic relaxation time in patients from group 2 than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We detected subclinical dysfunction of the right ventricle in children with chronic hepatitis in whom hepatic inflammation and fibrosis is prominent. Tissue Doppler echocardiography provides a quantifiable indicator useful for detection and monitoring of disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tugcin Bora
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Nafiye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Urganci
authors.forename: Yalim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akdeniz
authors.forename: Cenap
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeybek
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celebi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*