title: Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation via the osteoclast.
abstract: The pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced (GC-induced) bone loss is unclear. For example, osteoblast apoptosis is enhanced by GCs in vivo, but they stimulate bone formation in vitro. This conundrum suggests that an intermediary cell transmits a component of the bone-suppressive effects of GCs to osteoblasts in the intact animal. Bone remodeling is characterized by tethering of the activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Hence, the osteoclast is a potential modulator of the effect of GCs on osteoblasts. To define the direct impact of GCs on bone-resorptive cells, we compared the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on WT osteoclasts with those derived from mice with disruption of the GC receptor in osteoclast lineage cells (GRoc-/- mice). While the steroid prolonged longevity of osteoclasts, their bone-degrading capacity was suppressed. The inhibitory effect of DEX on bone resorption reflects failure of osteoclasts to organize their cytoskeleton in response to M-CSF. DEX specifically arrested M-CSF activation of RhoA, Rac, and Vav3, each of which regulate the osteoclast cytoskeleton. In all circumstances GRoc-/- mice were spared the impact of DEX on osteoclasts and their precursors. Consistent with osteoclasts modulating the osteoblast-suppressive effect of DEX, GRoc-/- mice are protected from the steroid's inhibition of bone formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitaura
authors.forename: Sandip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: Judson A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Muglia
authors.forename: F Patrick
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000517:prevention & control; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D003907:Dexamethasone