title: Mood and neuropsychological changes in women with midlife depression treated with escitalopram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed mood and neuropsychological function in a population of middle-aged women with major depressive disorder treated with escitalopram.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychometric data measuring severity of depression were collected from 19 women and neuropsychological data were collected from 17 women aged between 45 and 65 years with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosis of major depression in a study in the Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Program at the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine. All women were treated with escitalopram in an open-label design. Mean age was 55.94 years and mean number of years of education was 16.36 years. Diagnosis of major depressive disorder was assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and mood was evaluated with the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) at baseline and at weekly follow-ups for 12 weeks. Cognition was assessed at baseline and 3 months after treatment using a neuropsychological test battery, which included an abbreviated measure of Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, measures of attention and processing speed, verbal and nonverbal memory, executive functioning, and verbal fluency. Self-report data were collected on current menopause status and current hormone therapy use in the postmenopausal women. Paired sample t tests were used to analyze the change in total HAM-D scores and neuropsychological variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant improvements were found in total HAM-D score, Wechsler Memory Scale III Logical Memory 1st Recall, I, and II scores, Wechsler Memory Scale III Visual Reproduction I scores, and Trail Making Test Part B scores. There was a statistically significant decrease in Controlled Oral Word Association Test FAS scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of depression with escitalopram in a population of middle-aged women was shown to improve mood and cognitive efficiency in complex attention, short- and long-term recall of contextual information, short-term recall of visual information, and cognitive flexibility; however, it was shown to worsen phonemic fluency.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Tonita E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wroolie
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Laurel N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Zappert
authors.forename: Stephanie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shelton
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kenna
authors.forename: Margaret F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Natalie L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Rasgon
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D015283:Citalopram