title: Craniofacial morphology in parents of cleft children and healthy individuals.
abstract: Craniofacial morphology with respect to orofacial clefts has been widely studied. Objective of this study was to determine distinct craniofacial parameters in parents who have cleft children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Craniofacial anthropometric measurements (total) have been studied in 57 cleft fathers, 67 cleft mothers, 39 control males, and 38 control females. All parameters were compared between cleft parents and control (for males and females separately).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) between the cleft parents and the controls for 18 measurements characterizing head, face, orbital, nasal, and oral region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study suggest that craniofacial morphology in parents of children with clefts is distinctive from that observed in healthy individuals in Latvia population. Such data could be used in evaluation persons at risk for having cleft child, and also to define an anthropometric evaluation system for parents who have cleft children. Grant: Taiwan-Baltic joint research project "Identification of Genes Involved in Craniofacial Morphogenesis and Susceptibility to Orofacial Clefting in Human Genome Scan".
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Riga Stradins University, Latvia, Dzirciema iela 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia. erika.nagle@rsu.lv
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagle
authors.forename: Uldis
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Teibe
authors.forename: Ieva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Balode
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric