title: Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery of aortoiliac occlusive disease: initial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Open aortobifemoral bypass grafting has been the procedure of choice for many years in patients with symptomatic aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD). Hand assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) for AIOD could have advantages like faster recovery, faster oral intake and shorter hospital stay compared to the conventional technique. We documented the results of patients who underwent HALS for AIOD in our hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  from January 1999 to December 2002, 33 consecutive patients underwent HALS for AIOD. Peri- and postoperative results were prospectively registered. Three different laparoscopic approaches were applied: transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 23 males and 10 females, with a mean age of 59 years (range 39-85). The surgical technique applied was: transperitoneal: 22 patients, retroperitoneal: 7 patients, apron: 4 patients. Per-operative results (median) of the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach are: operating time 240, 420 and 263 minutes, cross clamp time 32.5, 40 and 33.5 minutes, blood loss 1150, 2100 and 950 ml, respectively. Postoperatively oral intake was fully resumed in 3, 4.5 and 2 days after performing the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron technique. During the ICU stay patients received artificial respiration for 0, 1 and 0 days, admission to the ICU was 0.5, 1 and 0.75 days for the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach. Finally, hospital stay was 8, 12.5 and 7 days after the transperitoneal, retroperitoneal and apron approach. Four patients (12%) had a minor complication, 4 patients (12%) had a major complication; pneumonia with ARDS, sepsis, bypass occlusion and chylo-abdomen. No patients died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HALS for AIOD is a technically demanding operation with a long learning curve. All three approaches are feasible. In this series of patients, we feel the transperitoneal and apron approach have the most advantages because of the larger working space. Finally, randomized trials will determine if laparoscopic assisted or total laparoscopic aortoiliac surgery has the potential to reduce morbidity for the patient compared to the conventional technique.
authors.affiliation: Sint Franciscus Hospital Rotterdam, Department of Vascular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. t.klem@sfg.nl
authors.forename: T M A L
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Klem
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van der Ham
authors.forename: A A E A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Smet
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hok Oei
authors.forename: C H A
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wittens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods