title: Neuropharmacology and mental health nurse prescribers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To outline the development and content of a 'top-up' neuropharmacology module for mental health nurse prescribers and consider how much pharmacology training is required to ensure effective mental health prescribing practice.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Debate about the content of prescribing training courses has persisted within the United Kingdom since the mid-1980s. In early 2003 supplementary prescribing was introduced and gave mental health nurses the opportunity to become prescribers. The challenge of the nurse prescribing curriculum for universities is that they have only a short time to provide nurses from a range of backgrounds with enough knowledge to ensure that they meet agreed levels of competency for safe prescribing. There is growing concern within mental health care that the prescribing of medication in mental health services falls short of what would be deemed good practice. Over the past two decades, nurse training has increasingly adopted a psychosocial approach to nursing care raising concerns that, although nurses attending prescribing training may be able to communicate effectively with service users, they may lack the basic knowledge of biology and pharmacology to make effective decisions about medication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following the completion of a general nurse prescribing course, mental health nurses who attended were asked to identify their specific needs during the evaluation phase. Although they had covered basic pharmacological principles in their training, they stated that they needed more specific information about drugs used in mental health; particularly how to select appropriate drug treatments for mental health conditions. This paper describes how the nurses were involved in the design of a specific module which would enable them to transfer their theoretical leaning to practice and in so doing increase their confidence in their new roles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of this study suggest that the understanding and confidence of mental health nurse prescribers about the drugs they prescribe coupled with the information they provide to service users can be improved as a result of specific educational support. It would appear that adopting a prescribing dimension to one's role requires nurses to revisit a number of skills that are integral to the work of the mental health nurse, e.g. good communication, establishing empathy, listening to what clients say, responding to what is required and involving clients in their own care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mental health nurses from one particular Trust in the West Midlands were provided with a 'top-up' course in neuropharmacology and, although they found this challenging, ultimately they found this to be helpful. As nurse prescribing is 'rolled out' to other nursing specialities it is important that local Trusts and Workforce Development Directorates maintain a dialogue about nurse prescriber training to ensure that nurse prescribers receive the appropriate time and support for their ongoing Continued Professional Development. As increasing numbers of nurses from different specialities qualify as nurse prescribers it is vital that they are supported by their employing organizations and given the opportunity to maintain their competency and confidence in their prescribing practice.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health & Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stafford, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skingsley
authors.forename: Eleanor J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nolan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003479:Curriculum; D004347:Drug Interactions; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009480:Neuropharmacology / Q000193:education*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018579:Patient Selection; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires