title: Multi-technique characterization of a nuclear bomb particle from the Palomares accident.
abstract: A January 1966 accident dispersed Pu and other nuclear bomb materials in the vicinity of Palomares, a village in southeastern Spain. Radioactive particles were identified in a soil sample collected in 1998 and analytical results obtained from one of the isolated particles are presented here. Isolation of the particle was performed using gamma-ray spectrometry and imaging plates. Scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis revealed the presence of U and Pu as well as Pb and Fe in the particle of approximately 10microm diameter. Radioisotopes of U, Pu, and Am were quantified using radiometric methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The elevated (235)U/(238)U atom ratio indicates enriched U, and the Pu atom ratios are consistent with weapons-grade material. This work demonstrates that the analysis of individual particles provides information not available through bulk sample analysis.
authors.affiliation: STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, P.O. Box 14, FIN-00881 Helsinki, Finland. roy.pollanen@stuk.fi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pöllänen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ketterer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hokkanen
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Ikäheimonen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Siiskonen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moring
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rubio Montero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín Sánchez
mesh_terms: D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011005:Plutonium / Q000032:analysis*; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D012588:Scintillation Counting; D014501:Uranium / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014501:Uranium; D011005:Plutonium