title: Redox-mediated bypass of restriction point via skipping of G1pm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that cancer cells bypass the restriction point, R, and undergo uncontrolled cell proliferation.
  We suggest here that fibrosarcoma cells enter G1ps directly from M, skipping G1pm, hence bypassing R, in response to redox modulation. Evidence is presented from the published literature that demonstrate a shortening of the cycle period of transformed fibroblasts (SV-3T3) compared to the nontransformed 3T3 fibroblasts, corresponding to the duration of G1pm in the 3T3 fibroblasts. Evidence is also presented that demonstrate that redox modulation can induce the CUA-4 fibroblasts to bypass R, resulting in a cycle period closely corresponding to the cycle period of fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence supports our hypothesis that a low internal redox potential can cause fibrosarcoma cells to skip the G1pm phase of the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Redoxia, Jerusalem, Israel. hofarnold@gmail.com
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Spetner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured