title: Association of depressive symptoms and disease activity in children with asthma: methodological and clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in children with asthma and the association between depression and asthma activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children ages 7 to 17 (n = 129) were recruited from a hospital emergency department after presenting for asthma symptoms. The majority of subjects were from disadvantaged, inner city families. Subjects' asthma disease activity was assessed using the revised National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guidelines, and subjects' emotional status was assessed by a combination of self-, parent-, and clinician-reported measures. Parental emotional status was assessed by self-report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms within the clinical range were reported in 26% of subjects and 43% of mothers, although symptom severity varied across scales. Self-reported depressive symptoms were more strongly correlated with asthma activity (r = 0.25) than clinician-reported (r = 0.14) or parent-reported symptoms (r = 0.12/0.18). Depressive symptoms in parents were correlated with child's depression scores but not with their asthma activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive symptoms were common and associated with asthma activity in this inner city population of asthmatic children. Self-reported depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with child's asthma activity than either parental depression or parental/clinician ratings of the child's depression.
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.. Electronic address: jgw@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waxmonsky
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.
authors.forename: Beatrice L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballow
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lillis
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.
authors.forename: Darci
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cramer-Benjamin
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mador
authors.affiliation: Drs. Waxmonsky, Wood, Cramer-Benjamin, and Miller and Ms. Stern are with the Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Ballow is with the Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Lillis is with the Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, and Dr. Mador is with the Departments of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo.
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index