title: Effects of season and inclusion of corn distillers dried grains with solubles in creep feed on intake, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency, ruminal fermentation, digestion, and performance of nursing calves grazing native range in southeastern North Dakota.
abstract: Nine ruminally and duodenally cannulated (145 +/- 21 kg of initial BW; Exp. 1) and sixteen intact (181 +/- 36 kg of initial BW; Exp. 2), commercial, Angus, nursing, steer calves were used to evaluate the effects of advancing season and corn distillers dried grains with solubles in creep feed on intake, digestion, microbial efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and performance while grazing native rangeland. Calves were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: a supplement containing 41% soybean meal, 26.25% wheat middlings, 26.25% soybean hulls, 5% molasses, and 1.5% limestone (control) or a supplement containing 50% corn distillers dried grains with solubles, 14.25% wheat middlings, 14.25% soybean hulls, 14% soybean meal, 5% molasses, and 1.5% limestone (CDDGS). Calves were offered supplement individually (0.45% of BW) once daily. Three 15-d collection periods occurred in June, July, and August. In Exp. 1, there were no differences in OM intake, or OM, N, NDF, or ADF digestion between control calves and those fed CDDGS. Forage and total OM intake increased (P < 0.03), whereas OM digestion decreased (P < 0.01), with advancing season. Duodenal microbial N flow (g/d) was not affected (P = 0.50) by treatment and increased linearly (P = 0.003) as season progressed. Calves consuming CDDGS had decreased (P < 0.01) ruminal acetate:propionate ratio, increased (P < 0.01) molar proportion of butyrate, and decreased (P < 0.001) molar proportions of isobutyrate and isovalerate. In Exp. 2, supplement OM intake (% of BW) was less for CDDGS compared with control calves, but there were no differences in performance or subsequent carcass composition between treatments. Inclusion of 50% corn distillers dried grains with solubles in a creep supplement for nursing calves produced similar results compared with a control creep feed based on soybean meal, soybean hulls, and wheat middlings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, USA.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Lardy
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Caton
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005285:Fermentation / Q000502:physiology; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009658:North Dakota; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen