title: Bordetella holmesii DNA is not detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from Finnish and Dutch patients with suspected pertussis.
abstract: Bordetella holmesii is a Gram-negative bacterium first identified in 1995. It can cause pertussis-like symptoms in humans. B. holmesii contains insertion sequences IS481 and IS1001, two frequently used targets in the PCR diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis infections. To investigate the prevalence of B. holmesii in Finnish and Dutch patients with pertussis-like symptoms and whether B. holmesii has caused any false-positive results in diagnostic PCRs, B. holmesii-specific real-time PCRs were developed. The Finnish methods were conventional IS481 PCR and B. holmesii-specific real-time PCR (LightCycler, Roche) targeting the B. holmesii recA gene. The Dutch methods were IS481 and IS1001 PCRs with conventional or real-time formats and B. holmesii-specific real-time PCR targeting the homologue of IS1001. Of 11,319 nasopharyngeal swabs, 2804 were collected from Finnish patients from 2000 to 2003, and 8515 from Dutch patients from 1992 to 2003. B. holmesii DNA was not found in the samples analysed. The results suggest that B. holmesii is not among the causative agents of pertussis-like symptoms in Finnish and Dutch patients and thus does not in practice confound IS481 and IS1001 PCRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Pertussis Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antila
authors.affiliation: Pertussis Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Qiushui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aarts
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verbakel
authors.affiliation: The Area Health Authority (GGD), Municipal Health Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruisten
authors.affiliation: The Area Health Authority (GGD), Municipal Health Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Pertussis Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, 20520 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haanperä
authors.affiliation: Mycobacterial Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mäkinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eerola
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Viljanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mertsola
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Zee
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D001884:Bordetella / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014917:Whooping Cough / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011938:Rec A Recombinases