title: Population pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in hypertensive children and adolescents.
abstract: A population pharmacokinetic study was conducted in 74 hypertensive children (mean age 10.4 +/- 4.4 years [mean +/- SD]) receiving amlodipine (mean dose 0.17 +/- 0.13 mg/kg/d) chronically. Multiple blood samples were obtained from each subject to characterize amlodipine pharmacokinetics. Plasma amlodipine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/mass spectrophotometry with multiple-reaction monitoring detection. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using NONMEM. Amlodipine concentrations were similar in subjects dosed either once or twice daily. Amlodipine pharmacokinetics were well described by a 1-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. For a subject at the population median weight (45 kg), predicted apparent clearances (CL/F) were 23.7 L/h for males and 17.6 L/h for females, and the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) was 25.1 L/kg. Dosing frequency did not appear to affect amlodipine concentrations in children. Weight-adjusted CL/F and V/F of amlodipine in younger children were significantly greater than in older children, suggesting a need for higher doses when treating young children with amlodipine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Milap C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Nahata
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mahan
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Portman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017311:Amlodipine