title: Bone-conducted auditory brainstem-evoked responses and skull vibratory velocity measurement in rats at frequencies of 0.5-30 kHz with a new giant magnetostrictive bone conduction transducer.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  A new giant magnetostrictive bone conduction transducer (GMT) measuring 8 mm (length) by 2 mm (diameter) is capable of outputting sounds over a wider range of frequencies than conventional electromagnetic transducers (EMTs). The GMT can vibrate the rat skull about 3-100 times faster than the EMT, especially above 2 kHz.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Since the GMT can generate high sound quality and output sounds above 10 kHz, we investigated the width of the frequency response of the GMT and evaluated its mechanical performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We chose Wistar rats to estimate the GMT performance by measuring the bone-conducted ABR and the skull vibratory velocity because their hearing frequency range extends from 0.15 kHz to 67 kHz. We also measured the bone-conducted auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and the skull vibratory velocity of rats with the EMT. Skull vibratory velocity was measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The skull vibratory velocity at the ABR threshold obtained with each transducer was within the -35 to -50 dB range (0 dB re 1 mm/s). When 1 Vpp was applied to each transducer, the GMT had a higher velocity at frequencies of 2-30 kHz, and the EMT at frequencies of 0.5-1 kHz.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. xxsakai@navy.livedoor.com
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karino
authors.forename: Kimitaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology; D001844:Bone Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D016057:Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000502:physiology*; D014159:Transducers; D014732:Vibration