title: Regional anaesthesia versus general anaesthesia, morbidity and mortality.
abstract: The regional versus general anaesthesia debate is an age-old debate that has brought about few clear answers. Most concur that multiple factors including the patient, the surgery, the method of regional and general anaesthesia, and the quality of perioperative care, all influence surgical outcome. In this age of evidence-based medicine, the heterogenous data available need to be reconciled with the advances in perioperative care and the significant decline in complications associated with the surgical process as a whole. This review considers general issues such as the type of available evidence, and its limitations, particularly with regard to the relatively broad question of neuraxial versus general anaesthesia. It then assesses current evidence on regional versus general anaesthesia for specific scenarios such as hip fracture surgery, carotid endarterectomy, Caesarean section, ambulatory orthopaedic surgery, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Pain Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital Pain Center, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 333, Boston, MA 02114, USA. pgulur@partners.org
authors.forename: Padma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gulur
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.forename: Jane C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009017:Morbidity; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology