title: Hydrogen tunnelling in enzyme-catalysed H-transfer reactions: flavoprotein and quinoprotein systems.
abstract: It is now widely accepted that enzyme-catalysed C-H bond breakage occurs by quantum mechanical tunnelling. This paradigm shift in the conceptual framework for these reactions away from semi-classical transition state theory (TST, i.e. including zero-point energy, but with no tunnelling correction) has been driven over the recent years by experimental studies of the temperature dependence of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for these reactions in a range of enzymes, including the tryptophan tryptophylquinone-dependent enzymes such as methylamine dehydrogenase and aromatic amine dehydrogenase, and the flavoenzymes such as morphinone reductase and pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase, which produced observations that are also inconsistent with the simple Bell-correction model of tunnelling. However, these data-especially, the strong temperature dependence of reaction rates and the variable temperature dependence of KIEs-are consistent with other tunnelling models (termed full tunnelling models), in which protein and/or substrate fluctuations generate a configuration compatible with tunnelling. These models accommodate substrate/protein (environment) fluctuations required to attain a configuration with degenerate nuclear quantum states and, when necessary, motion required to increase the probability of tunnelling in these states. Furthermore, tunnelling mechanisms in enzymes are supported by atomistic computational studies performed within the framework of modern TST, which incorporates quantum nuclear effects.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. michael.sutcliffe@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Masgrau
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roujeinikova
authors.forename: Linus O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Johannissen
authors.forename: Parvinder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hothi
authors.forename: Jaswir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basran
authors.forename: Kara E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ranaghan
authors.forename: Adrian J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mulholland
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leys
authors.forename: Nigel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Scrutton
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D044927:Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors / Q000737:chemistry*; D011789:Quantum Theory; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D044927:Electron-Transferring Flavoproteins; D006859:Hydrogen; D000587:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors