title: Computed tomographic evaluation of anatomic and pathologic variations in the feline nasal septum and paranasal sinuses.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of nasal septal deviation and variations of the paranasal sinuses in normal and diseased cats. Prevalence of nasal septal deviation was 86.7%, 68.4%, and 71.4% in cats with rhinitis, neoplasia, and normal cats, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.244). There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.01) in the magnitude of nasal septal deviation between cats with and cats without nasal disease, using a cutoff value of 1 mm for maximum distance of deviation from midline. There was a statistically significant difference (P = 0.019) between cats with rhinitis and neoplasia when comparing the presence of a mass (7.7% and 53.8%, respectively), but not when comparing for lysis of the septum. Deviation of the frontal sinus septum occurred in 27.7% of all cats, while the sphenoid septum was oblique and eccentric in 96.6% of all cats. The mean length of the frontal sinus was longer in male cats than female cats. The presence of nasal septal deviation alone cannot be used as a criterion to diagnose nasal disease, but cats with rhinitis or neoplasia have more marked deviation than normal cats. The presence of a mass and lysis of the septum were only seen in cats with nasal disease and a mass is more likely to be seen with neoplasia than rhinitis. Male cats have a longer frontal sinus than female cats. Almost all cats have an oblique, eccentric sphenoid septum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies and Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reetz
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maï
authors.forename: Kate B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Muravnick
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002415:Cats / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011996:Records / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000662:veterinary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary