title: The percentage of gutta-percha-filled area in simulated curved canals when filled using Endo Twinn, a new heat device source.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (PGP) in simulated root canals when varying the penetration depth and function of the pluggers (heat versus heat plus vibration) using Endo Twinn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four resin blocks with simulated 34-35 degrees curved canals were randomly divided into two groups in order to obtain two canal shapes: group A with 0.8 taper and group B with 0.4 taper. The apical portion of each canal was prepared to a size 20 K-file. The canals were filled with gutta-percha in combination with a root canal sealer. In each group 16 canals were filled using the Endo Twinn heat function and 16 canals by means of both the heat and the vibration function. All samples were sectioned horizontally at three levels (1.25, 2.5 and 4.0 mm from the working length) and the PGP was measured. Data were analysed using ANOVA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 1.25 mm level PGP was significantly greater using the vibration function (P = 0.0329) and in 0.8 taper canals (P < 0.0001). At the 2.5 mm level the PGP was greater in the canals with 0.8 taper compared with a 0.4 taper with or without vibration (vibration, P = 0.0056; interaction taper-vibration, P = 0.0020). In 0.4 taper canals the PGP was greater when the vibration function was activated. At the 4 mm level in 0.8 taper canals there was no significant difference in PGP with or without the vibration (P = 0.6742).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  0.8 taper canals had significantly greater PGP than 0.4 taper canals. At the 1.25 mm level there was significantly greater PGP when the vibration function was activated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, The University of Florence, Florence, Italy. daniele.scaminaci@unifi.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagavino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giachetti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giuliani
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scaminaci Russo
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014732:Vibration / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha