title: Rate control and quality of life in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation: the Quality of Life and Atrial Fibrillation (QOLAF) Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to determine whether quality of life (QOL) in permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients would be improved by monotherapy with beta-blocker (BB) or calcium antagonist (CAA) as compared with digitalis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients with permanent AF under digitalis were randomized into BB (bisoprolol, atenolol or metoprolol) or CAA (verapamil) monotherapy treatment group. Twenty-five were men and the mean age was 67+/-8 years. After the assigned monotherapy, 12 patients received the other monotherapy in a cross-over fashion. Under each treatment, efficacy of rate control was determined by Holter electrocardiogram (ECG), treadmill testing and QOL questionnaire (Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Quality of Life of Atrial Fibrillation (AFQLQ)), and compared with the baseline digitalis treatment. CAA significantly increased mean and minimum heart rate (HR) in Holter ECG as compared with digitalis, whereas BB increased only minimum HR. Exercise duration in treadmill testing was significantly prolonged by CAA treatment, although it only tended to be prolonged by BB treatment. CAA but not BB improved role function-physical score of SF-36, and frequency and severity of symptoms of AFQLQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that CAA is preferable to digitalis when monotherapy is selected for short-term improvement of QOL and exercise tolerance in patients with permanent AF.
authors.affiliation: The Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuneda
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Masatake
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukunami
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niwano
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004071:Digitalis Glycosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004562:Electrocardiography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D004071:Digitalis Glycosides; D014700:Verapamil