title: The Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) of oxygen desaturation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine incidents, contributory factors, treatment and outcomes associated with oxygen desaturation during anesthesia practice in Thailand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relevant data were extracted from the Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) database between February 1, 2003 and January 31, 2004 and analyzed by using mainly descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and ninety seven incidents of oxygen desaturation (SpO2 <90 for at least 3min or < or = 85%) were reported. The incidents were widely distributed throughout anesthesia phases. Most of the incidents (92.2%) occurred during general anesthesia, while 23 (4.6%) occurred after regional anesthesia. Anesthesia was the sole contributory factor in 280 patients (56.8%) and a combination of that with other factors in 126 (25.4%). The majority of the incidents (88.4%) was related to respiratory adverse events, whereas, 8% was related to circulatory ones. Sixteen incidents (3.2%) were related to anesthetic machine and equipment failure. Most of the incidents (60.0%) caused minor physiologic changes and were correctable. The management was considered adequate in the majority of patients. As a result, 77.5 % of the patients recovered completely, whereas, death ensued in 5.8%. The cases of death were associated with co-morbidity (ASA class 4 and 5) with an Odds ratio of 12.9 (95% CI:5.4,31.0). The common contributory factors were inexperience, wrong decision, inadequate knowledge and lack ofsupervision. The proposed corrective strategies included improvement in supervision, care improvement, additional training, clinical practice guideline and quality assurance activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incidents associated with oxygen desaturation were distributed throughout all phases of anesthesia. Most of them were preventable and correctable. Therefore, anesthesia care providers should be alert in looking for incidents, and manage them promptly before they were in serious adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand. ypunjasa@med.cmu.ac.th
authors.forename: Yodying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Punjasawadwong
authors.forename: Thitima
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chinachoti
authors.forename: Somrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charuluxananan
authors.forename: Aksorn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulnitiporn
authors.forename: Sireeluck
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klanarong
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chau-in
authors.forename: Oraluxna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rodanant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand