title: Hidden minima of the gibbs free energy revealed in a phase separation in polymer/surfactant/water mixture.
abstract: We observed a very unusual kinetic pathway in a separating C(12)E(6)/PEG/H(2)O ternary mixture. We let the mixture separate above the spinodal temperature (cloud point temperature) for some time and next cool it into a metastable region of a phase diagram, characterized by two minima of the Gibbs potential, one corresponding to the homogeneous mixture and one to the fully separated PEG-rich and C(12)E(6)-rich phases. Despite the fact that in the metastable region the thermodynamic equilibrium corresponds to the separated phases (global minimum of the Gibbs free energy), we observe perfect mixing of the initially separated phase. The homogeneous state, obtained in this way, does not separate, if left undisturbed. However, many cooling-heating cycles or full separation with visible meniscus above the cloud point temperature induce the phase separation in the metastable region. The metastable region can exist tens of degrees below the cloud point temperature. This effect is not observed in the binary mixture of C(12)E(6)/H(2)O.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department III, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01224 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hołyst
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Staniszewski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patkowski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gapiński