title: Biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with insulin-phospholipid complex for oral delivery: preparation, in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation.
abstract: Biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with insulin-phospholipid complex were prepared by a novel reverse micelle-solvent evaporation method, in which soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) was employed to improve the liposolubility of insulin, and biodegradable polymers as carrier materials to control drug release. Solubilization study, IR and X-ray diffraction analysis were employed to prove the complex formation. The effects of key parameters such as polymer/SPC weight ratio, organic phase and polymer type on the properties of the nanoparticles were investigated. Spherical particles of 200 nm mean diameter and a narrow size distribution were obtained under optimal conditions. The drug entrapment efficiency was up to 90%. The in vitro drug release was characterized by an initial burst and subsequent delayed release in both pH 6.8 and pH 1.2 dissolution mediums. The specific modality of drug release, i.e., free or SPC-combined, was investigated in the aid of ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration methods. The influence of polymer type on the drug release was also discussed. The pharmacological effects of the nanoparticles made of PLGA 50/50 (Av.Mw 9500) were further evaluated to confirm their potential suitability for oral delivery. Intragastric administration of the 20 IU/kg nanoparticles reduced fasting plasma glucose levels to 57.4% within the first 8 h of administration and this continued for 12 h. PK/PD analysis indicated that 7.7% of oral bioavailability relative to subcutaneous injection was obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China. kaishi_syphu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Fude
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Liqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Anjin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawashima
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D005079:Excipients; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006207:Half-Life; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D008823:Micelles; D049329:Nanostructures; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005079:Excipients; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007328:Insulin; D008823:Micelles; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid