title: Amplification of D22S283 as a favorable prognostic indicator in liver fluke related cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the DNA copy number of target genes NF2, TIMP3, ST13, TOB2, BIK, and TP and the reference microsatellite markers D22S283, D22S423, and D22S274 mapped on 22q12-qter in liver fluke related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and define its correlation with clinical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) was used for determining allelic imbalances in 65 liver fluke related CCA tissues. Statistical correlations between allelic imbalances and clinicopathological parameters, i.e. age, sex, tumor stage, histological type, blood vessel invasion, nerve invasion and lymphatic invasion were evaluated by means of the chi2 test. Cox regression analysis was used for determining patient's survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amplifications of the TP (22q13.33), TOB2 (22q13.2-13.31), D22S283 (22q12.3), TIMP3 (22q12.3) and NF2 (22q12.2) were found in 35 (53.8%), 28 (43.1%), 27 (41.5%), 24 (36.9%), and 24 (36.9%), respectively. Losses at the D22S423 (22q13.1-13.2) and BIK (22q13.31) were detected in 26 (40%) and 23 (35.4%), respectively. Significant correlations were observed between lymphatic invasion and allelic losses of BIK (P = 0.025) and D22S283 (P = 0.041). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed D22S283 amplification as an independent predictor of good prognosis (P = 0.006, death hazard ratio = 0.411, 95% CI = 0.217-0.779) and blood vessel invasion as an independent poor prognostic factor (P = 0.042, death hazard ratio = 1.911, 95% CI = 1.022-3.571) in CCA patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence for the involvement of gene amplification and deletion on chromosome 22q in liver fluke related CCA. This is the first report of D22S283 amplification as an independent indicator of favorable prognosis in liver fluke related CCA.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jongkonnee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thanasai
authors.forename: Temduang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Limpaiboon
authors.forename: Patcharee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jearanaikoon
authors.forename: Vajarabhongsa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhudhisawasdi
authors.forename: Narong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khuntikeo
authors.forename: Banchob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sripa
authors.forename: Masanao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miwa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000469:parasitology; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005210:Fasciola hepatica / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm