title: P2X2R purinergic receptor subunit mRNA and protein are expressed by all hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons.
abstract: Neurophysiologic data suggest that orexin neurons are directly excited by ATP through purinergic receptors (P2XR). Anatomical studies, though reporting P2XR in the hypothalamus, did not describe it in the perifornical hypothalamic area, where orexinergic neurons are located. Here we report the presence of the P2X(2)R subunit in the rat perifornical hypothalamus and demonstrate that hypothalamic orexin neurons express the P2X(2)R. Double immunohistochemistry showed that virtually all orexin-immunoreactive neurons are also P2X(2)R immunoreactive, whereas 80% of P2X(2)R-immunoreactive neurons are also orexin positive. Triple-labeling experiments, combining fluorescence in situ hybridization for P2X(2)R mRNA and P2X(2)R/orexin double immunofluorescence, confirmed these findings. In addition, in situ hybridization demonstrated that P2X(2)R mRNA is localized in cellular processes of orexinergic neurons. The present data support neurophysiologic findings on ATP modulation of orexinergic function and provide direct evidence that the entire population of orexin neurons expresses a P2XR subtype, namely, P2X(2)R. Thus, purinergic transmission might intervene in modulating key functions known to be controlled by the orexinergic system, such as feeding behavior and arousal.
authors.affiliation: I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, I-00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Florenzano
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Viscomi
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mercaldo
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Longone
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bagni
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrive
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; C546403:P2rx2 protein, rat; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate