Gender-specific risk factors for mortality associated with incident coronary heart disease--a prospective community-based study.
BACKGROUND
Risk factors for mortality in community-residing persons developing congestive heart failure (CHF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may differ for males and females.


METHODS
Persons from the Groningen Longitudinal Aging Study with incident CHF (N=274) or AMI (N=198) were identified between 1993 and 1998 and their survival status was collected in 2001. Risk factors are assessed prior to the cardiac diagnosis.


RESULTS
The 1-, 5-, 7-year survival rates were 65, 53, 50% for AMI and 74, 45, 32% for CHF. Multivariate analyses showed that male gender, high age, smoking, diabetes and low physical function were risk factors for mortality among persons with CHF. For AMI, 1 month mortality was related to high age and baseline low body mass index, while longer term mortality was related to male gender and high age. In addition, diabetes increased longer term mortality among females but not among males with AMI. Depression was not a risk factor for mortality for either condition in either gender.


CONCLUSIONS
Males with CHF or AMI have worse survival rates compared to females. Risk factors for mortality are predominantly similar for males and females, except for diabetes which is a risk factor among females, but not males with AMI.
van Jaarsveld
Cornelia H M
CH
Northern Centre for Healthcare Research, Dept. of Public Health and Health Psychology, University Medical Centre Groningen, PO Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands. c.jaarsveld@ucl.ac.uk
Ranchor
Adelita V
AV
Kempen
Gertrudis I J M
GI
Coyne
James C
JC
van Veldhuisen
Dirk J
DJ
Ormel
Johan
J
Sanderman
Robbert
R
D000368:Aged; D003625:Data Collection; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D009426:Netherlands; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate