The putative endocannabinoid transport blocker LY2183240 is a potent inhibitor of FAAH and several other brain serine hydrolases.
How lipid transmitters move within and between cells to communicate signals remains an important and largely unanswered question. Integral membrane transporters, soluble lipid-binding proteins, and metabolic enzymes have all been proposed to collaboratively regulate lipid signaling dynamics in vivo. Assignment of the relative contributions made by each of these classes of proteins requires selective pharmacological agents to perturb their individual functions. Recently, LY2183240, a heterocyclic urea inhibitor of the putative endocannabinoid (EC) transporter, was shown to disrupt the cellular uptake of the lipid EC anandamide and promote analgesia in vivo. Here, we show that LY2183240 is a potent, covalent inhibitor of the EC-degrading enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). LY2183240 inactivates FAAH by carbamylation of the enzyme's serine nucleophile. More global screens using activity-based proteomic probes identified several additional serine hydrolases that are also inhibited by LY2183240. These results indicate that the blockade of anandamide uptake observed with LY2183240 may be due primarily to the inactivation of FAAH, providing further evidence that this enzyme serves as a metabolic driving force that promotes the diffusion of anandamide into cells. More generally, the proteome-wide target promiscuity of LY2183240 designates the heterocyclic urea as a chemotype with potentially excessive protein reactivity for drug design.
Alexander
Jessica P
JP
Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Cravatt
Benjamin F
BF
D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002945:Cisplatin; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007069:Ifosfamide; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016685:Mitomycin; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001549:Benzamides; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002219:Carbamates; D002945:Cisplatin; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D006867:Hydrolases; D007069:Ifosfamide; D016685:Mitomycin; D014508:Urea; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C522826:LY2183240; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester