title: Psychoeducational preparation of children for surgery: the importance of parental involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of therapeutic play intervention on outcomes of children undergoing day surgery, and to highlight the importance of parental involvement in the psychoeducational preparation of children for surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial, two group pre-test and repeated post-test, between subjects design was employed. Hong Kong Chinese children (7-12 years of age; n=203) admitted for elective surgery in a day surgery unit, along with their parents during a 13-month period, were invited to participate in the study. By using a simple complete randomization method, 97 of children with their parents were assigned to the experimental group receiving therapeutic play intervention, and 106 children with their parents were assigned to the control group receiving routine information preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that both children and their parents in the experimental group reported lower state anxiety scores in pre- and post-operative periods. Children in the experimental group exhibited fewer instances of negative emotional behaviors and parents in the experimental group reported greater satisfaction. The results, however, find no differences in children's post-operative pain between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides empirical evidence to support the effectiveness of using therapeutic play intervention and the importance of parental involvement in the psychoeducational preparation of children for surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings heighten the awareness of the importance of integrating therapeutic play and parental involvement as essential components of holistic and quality nursing care to prepare children for surgery.
authors.affiliation: The Nethersole School of Nursing, Esther Lee Building, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. williamli@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Ho Cheung William
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Tin Loi Isabel
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D002673:Child, Hospitalized / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006694:Holistic Health; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009341:Negativism; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010989:Play Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016037:Single-Blind Method