Hypokalemia in HIV patients on tenofovir.
Although adverse events in HIV patients taking tenofovir are relatively rare, postmarketing reports of nephrotoxicity have alerted physicians to other potentially serious outcomes. We present a series of 40 patients who developed hypokalemia associated with tenofovir. Identified risk factors included concomitant ritonavir or didanosine use, a lower weight and longer duration of tenofovir use. Recovery or improvement was seen in the majority of patients (66%) after the discontinuation of tenofovir; however, four deaths occurred. The associated consequences of tenofovir-related hypokalemia may be profound and life-threatening.
Cirino
Christopher M
CM
Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Kan
Virginia L
VL
D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D016049:Didanosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D013997:Time Factors
D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D063065:Organophosphonates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine; D016049:Didanosine; D019438:Ritonavir