title: Validation of a symptom provocation test for laboratory studies of abdominal pain and discomfort in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessed the convergent and discriminant validity of a water load symptom provocation test (WL-SPT) in creating visceral sensations similar to the naturally occurring sensations experienced by children with functional abdominal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were pediatric patients with functional abdominal pain (N = 110) and healthy school children (N = 120) between the ages of 8 and 16 years. Pain patients completed questionnaires describing gastrointestinal (GI) and non-gastrointestinal (non-GI) symptoms associated with their typical abdominal pain episodes. Weeks later, the WL-SPT was administered to pain patients and well children. Before and immediately following the WL-SPT, children rated their symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The WL-SPT produced (a) significant increases in children's GI symptoms that were reliably predicted by the children's naturally occurring GI symptoms, and (b) significantly greater increases in GI symptoms in pain patients than in well children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WL-SPT produces clinically relevant symptoms for laboratory studies of children with functional abdominal pain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine and Behavioral Science, 436 Medical Center South, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-3571, USA. lynn.walker@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Lynn S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garber
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Van Slyke
authors.forename: Tricia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lipani
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mertz
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Naliboff
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires