title: Liver biopsy interpretation for causes of late liver allograft dysfunction.
abstract: Evaluation of needle biopsies and extensive clinicopathological correlation play an important role in the determination of liver allograft dysfunction occurring more than 1 year after transplantation. Interpretation of these biopsies can be quite difficult because of the high incidence of recurrent diseases that show histopathological, clinical, and serological features that overlap with each other and with rejection. Also, more than one insult can contribute to allograft injury. In an attempt to enable centers to compare and pool results, improve therapy, and better understand pathophysiological disease mechanisms, the Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology herein proposes a set of consensus criteria for the most common and problematic causes of late liver allograft dysfunction, including late-onset acute and chronic rejection, recurrent and new-onset viral and autoimmune hepatitis, biliary strictures, and recurrent primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. A discussion of differential diagnosis is also presented.
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authors.lastname: Demetris
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authors.lastname: Adeyi
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authors.lastname: Bellamy
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authors.lastname: Clouston
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authors.lastname: Lassman
authors.forename: Saverio
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authors.lastname: Ligato
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lunz
authors.forename: Amadeo
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authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Marta Ida
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Minervini
authors.forename: Johan
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authors.lastname: Mölne
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authors.lastname: Nalesnik
authors.forename: Imad
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authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.forename: Desley
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authors.lastname: Neil
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authors.lastname: Ochoa
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authors.lastname: Pappo
authors.forename: Parmjeet
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authors.lastname: Randhawa
authors.forename: Finn P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Reinholt
authors.forename: Phil
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authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Mylène
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authors.lastname: Sebagh
authors.forename: Marco
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authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonzogni
authors.forename: Athanassios C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tsamandas
authors.forename: Annika
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authors.lastname: Wernerson
authors.forename: Tong
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authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Funda
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authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous