title: A case series to pilot cognitive behaviour therapy for women with urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychological factors have been identified with respect to female urinary incontinence. However, there is limited research regarding psychological interventions. The effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) as a treatment for women with urinary incontinence was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study adopted an AB case series design with a follow-up phase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten women with urinary incontinence each attended individual sessions. The Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) and Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) were administered pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-months post-treatment. Participants kept weekly records of bladder functioning. An unstandardized client satisfaction questionnaire was administered at 3-months post-treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxiety and depression, as measured by the HADS did not show any significant changes. Improvements in incontinence-related quality of life reached statistical significance at the post-treatment administration and were maintained at the 3-months post-treatment follow-up. Significant changes in bladder functioning were not apparent until the 3-month post-treatment follow-up. The satisfaction questionnaires suggest that the participants found the intervention of value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study tentatively suggest that incontinence-related quality of life might be improved by involvement in a CBT intervention. Some modest improvements occurred in bladder functioning. Further research is required to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Lancashire Care NHS Trust, UK. ailyn.garley@lancashirecare.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Ailyn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garley
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Unwin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*