Strategies to improve hand hygiene practices in two university hospitals.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the strategies to improve hand hygiene practices among participants in two university hospitals.


METHODS
A quasi-experimental study was performed from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2004 at Siriraj Hospital and from January 1, 2004 to July 31, 2004 at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital. The study was divided into three phases; 1) pre-intervention phase to identify factors associated with non-adherence in hand hygiene practices among participants, 2) intervention phase, 3) post-intervention phase to include observations to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on hand hygiene practices among participants. Interventions at Siriraj Hospital included distribution of posters, leaflets, rewarding healthcare workers (HCWs) who suggest the most attractive name for alcohol gel and a handwashing slogan, and a parade to boost hand hygiene practice. Interventions at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital included training, a reminder poster display, provision of alcohol-based handrubs and performance feedback.


RESULTS
Six hundred and forty-six HCWs were observed before and after the non-invasive procedures and 404 HCWs were observed before and after an invasive procedure at Siriraj Hospital. At Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, participants included 26 nursing personnel in the NICU. After intervention, significant improvement on handwashing was observed in both the invasive procedure (p<0.001) and non-invasive procedures (p<0.001) at Siriraj Hosptial. Significant improvement on handhygiene practice was also observed among participants at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hosptial (p=0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Different strategies worked well in different institutions. The present study suggested the role of multi-faceted approaches to help improve handhygiene practices among HCWs.
Danchaivijitr
Somwang
S
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok. sisdc@mahidol.ac.th
Pichiensatian
Wilawan
W
Apisarnthanarak
Anucha
A
Kachintorn
Kanchana
K
Cherdrungsi
Rachada
R
D000328:Adult; D004649:Employee Incentive Plans; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006225:Hand / Q000382:microbiology*; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000592:standards*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D017053:Infection Control / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D007318:Inservice Training; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008875:Middle Aged; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*