title: Hypokalemia in HIV patients on tenofovir.
abstract: Although adverse events in HIV patients taking tenofovir are relatively rare, postmarketing reports of nephrotoxicity have alerted physicians to other potentially serious outcomes. We present a series of 40 patients who developed hypokalemia associated with tenofovir. Identified risk factors included concomitant ritonavir or didanosine use, a lower weight and longer duration of tenofovir use. Recovery or improvement was seen in the majority of patients (66%) after the discontinuation of tenofovir; however, four deaths occurred. The associated consequences of tenofovir-related hypokalemia may be profound and life-threatening.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cirino
authors.forename: Virginia L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D016049:Didanosine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068698:Tenofovir; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D063065:Organophosphonates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine; D016049:Didanosine; D019438:Ritonavir