title: Pheophorbide a, an active compound isolated from Scutellaria barbata, possesses photodynamic activities by inducing apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for cancer by inducing apoptosis or necrosis in the target cells. Pheophorbide a (Pa), a chlorophyll derivative, is a photosensitzier which can induce significant anti-proliferative effects in a number of human cancer cell lines. This study investigated the action mechanism of Pa-mediated photodynamic therapy (Pa-PDT) on the human hepatocellular carcinoma, Hep3B cells. Pa-PDT significantly inhibited the growth of Hep3B cells with an IC50 value of 1.5 microM. Intracellular ROS level was increased in Pa-PDT treated cells and the cytotoxic effect could be reversed when ascorbic acid was applied. Pa was found to be localized in the mitochondria and then induced the target cells to undergo apoptosis, which was confirmed by propidium iodide staining and DNA fragmentation assay. Pa-PDT treatment also led to the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapim) and a release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol. The caspase cascade was activated as shown by a significant decrease of procaspase-3 and -9 in Pa-PDT treated cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in nude mice model, Pa-PDT treatment could reduce the tumor size by 57% after 14 days treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Patrick Ming-Kuen
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Judy Yuet-Wa
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Shannon Wing-Ngor
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Siu-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Stephen Kwok-Wing
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tsui
authors.forename: Mary Mui-Yee
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Waye
authors.forename: Thomas Chung-Wai
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Wing-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Kwok-Pui
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Fung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D031363:Scutellaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002734:Chlorophyll; C032623:pheophorbide a