title: Long-term effects of cardiac rehabilitation on end-exercise heart rate recovery after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a marker of vagal tone that is a powerful predictor of mortality in patients with coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study aims at evaluating the effects of long-term exercise training on HRR after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in order to clarify whether prolonged exercise training could maintain a long-term improvement of HRR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients after AMI were enrolled in a 3-month hospital-based exercise training programme. At the end, patients were subdivided into two groups: group A (n=22), patients discharged with a specific home-based exercise training programme and instructions for improving leisure-time physical activity; group B (n=22), patients discharged with generic instructions to maintain physical activity. All patients underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test before, at the end of 3 months exercise training and at 6 months follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the hospital-based exercise training programme we observed an increase in peak oxygen consumption [VO2peak; from 13.9+/-3.6 to 18+/-2.7 ml/kg per min (A) and from 14.1+/-3.9 to 17.9+/-2.1 ml/kg per min (B), P<0.001] and in HRR [from 17.1+/-1.8 to 23.4+/-1.4 beats/min (A), and from 18.8+/-2.1 to 24.3+/-1.9 beats/min (B), P<0.001]. At 6 months' follow-up we observed a further improvement in VO2peak (from 18.0+/-2.7 to 20.3+/-2.7 ml/kg per min, P<0.001) and in HRR (from 23.4+/-1.4 to 27.8+/-2.1 beats/min, P<0.001) in group A, but a significant decrease in VO2peak and in HRR in group B (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term exercise training is useful for maintaining or improving the beneficial results of the standard 3-month exercise training programme on cardiovascular capacity and HRR. This observation may bear beneficial prognostic effects on patients after AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular and Immunological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. giallauria@libero.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giallauria
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Lorenzo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pilerci
authors.forename: Athanasio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manakos
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lucci
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Psaroudaki
authors.forename: Mariantonietta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Del Forno
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vigorito
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome