title: Albuminuria in rural Thai people: a community-based screening with Combur Test and Micral Test strips.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify albuminuria prevalence and examine the association of albuminuria with plasma glucose, blood pressure and body mass index in rural Thai people aged 35 and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  All volunteer adults aged 35 and older at Ban Nayao, Chachoengsao Province were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria were tested in first morning urine using Combur and Micral Test strips. Fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, weight and height were determined. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 357 participants, 26.61% had microalbuminuria, 3.08% had macroalbuminuria, and 9.2%, 19%, 7.3% had diabetes, hypertension, and obese, respectively. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in people with diabetes were 30.30% and 15.15%, respectively. In the obese, the prevalence was 50% and 3.8% and was 30.88% and 7.35% in the hypertensive group, respectively. Strong significant associations between plasma glucose (p = 0.013), and body mass index (p = 0.008) with the progression of albuminuria were observed. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, diabetes and obesity were independent risk factors for albuminuria statistically significant (p = 0.036 and p = 0.005, respectively, 95% CI).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed increased risk of albuminuria in diabetes and in obese people in a rural area of Thailand. Thus, community-controlled diabetes and weight program should be introduced to the rural community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand. panadda62@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Panadda
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hatthachote
authors.forename: Kijja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suwan
authors.forename: Koonphol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pongmanee
authors.forename: Wirote
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Areekul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose