title: Role of the RAM domain and ankyrin repeats on notch signaling and activity in cells of osteoblastic lineage.
abstract: Notch proteins belong to a family of single pass transmembrane receptors that are activated after interactions with the membrane-bound ligands Delta and Jagged/Serrate. We determined the pathways responsible for the inhibitory effects of Notch on osteoblastogenesis and the contributions of the RAM domain and ankyrin repeats to this process in cells of the osteoblastic lineage.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Notch receptors play a role in osteoblast differentiation. Activation of Notch results in its cleavage and the release of its intracellular domain (NICD), which interacts with the CBF1/RBP-Jkappa, Suppressor of Hairless, Lag-1 (CSL) family of transcription factors. The interaction is presumably mediated by the RBP-Jkappa-associated module (RAM) of NICD, although the role of the ankyrin repeats is uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine the contributions of the RAM domain and ankyrin repeats to the inhibitory effects of Notch on osteoblastogenesis, ST-2 and MC3T3-E1 cells were transfected or transduced with vectors expressing NICD, RAM (NICD DeltaRAM), and ankyrin (NICD DeltaANK) deletion mutants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Notch increased the transactivation of transiently transfected 12xCSL-Luc constructs, containing 12 repeats of an RBP-Jkappa/CSL binding site, and of the hairy and E (spl) (HES)-1 promoter. Deletion of the ankyrin repeats resulted in the loss of 12xCSL-Luc and HES-1 promoter transactivation, whereas deletion of the RAM domain caused a partial loss of 12xCSL-Luc and sustained HES-1 promoter transactivation. NICD overexpression inhibited osteocalcin mRNA levels and alkaline phosphatase activity in ST-2 cells, and deletion of the ankyrin repeats, and to a lesser extent of the RAM domain, resulted in loss of the NICD inhibitory effect. NICD inhibited Wnt signaling and deletion of ankyrin repeats or the RAM domain restored Wnt signaling activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RAM domain and ankyrin repeats are required for Notch signaling and activity, and the CSL pathway is central to the inhibitory effect of Notch on osteoblastogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06105-1299, USA.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deregowski
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazzerro
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Priest
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rydziel
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canalis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017089:Ankyrin Repeat; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051819:Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051819:Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D051153:Wnt Proteins; C489734:Hes1 protein, mouse