title: Postprandial plasma glucose excursions and cognitive functioning in aged type 2 diabetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) excursion is a significant determinant of overall metabolic control as well as an increased risk for diabetic complications. Older persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are more likely to have moderate cognitive deficits and neurophysiologic and structural changes in brain tissue. Considering that poor metabolic control is considered a deranging factor for tissue/organ damage in diabetics, the authors hypothesized that PPG excursion is associated with a decline in cognitive functioning and that a tighter control of PPG may prevent cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of aged diabetic patients were randomly selected to be treated with repaglinide (n = 77) or glibenclamide (n = 79).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coefficient of variation of PPG (CV-PPG) was associated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (r = -0.3410; p < 0.001) and a composite score of executive and attention functioning (r = -0.3744; p < 0.001) after adjusting for multiple confounders. Both groups showed a significant decline in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), but only the repaglinide group demonstrated a significant decline of CV-PPG over time. In models investigating the change in cognitive functioning over time, adjusted for HbA1c and CV-FPG, a decline in cognitive functioning was observed only in the glibenclamide group (p < 0.001). After adjusting for CV-PPG, the authors no longer found a decline in executive and attention functioning composite score (p = 0.085) or the MMSE (p = 0.080) with glibenclamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exaggerated postprandial glucose (PPG) excursions are associated with a derangement of both global, executive, and attention functioning. A tighter control of PPG may prevent cognitive decline in older diabetic individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abbatecola
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arciello
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Laieta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Acampora
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Passariello
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cacciapuoti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paolisso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose