title: Use of the gel test to follow up chimerism in ABO mismatched bone marrow transplantation patient: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors report here our experience using the gel test to follow up chimerism in a 5 year old girl with beta thalassemia/Hemoglobin E disease (beta thal/HbE), post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with Hb E trait HLA identical sibling donor. They were ABO blood group major mismatched donor-recipient pairs (donor and recipient blood group are B and O, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre and post transplanted EDTA blood samples from the girl with beta thalassemia/ Hemoglobin E were tested for ABO, Rh and direct antiglobulin test (DAT) using the A-B-AB-D-ctl/ AHG card and the titer of anti-A and anti-B were tested by the conventional tube technique. The sex chromosome study and hemoglobin typing were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this technique, mixed field agglutination is clearly identified from positive and negative results. The authors detected peripheral recovery, mixed O/B population after transplantation on day +26 with positive DAT. The DAT was negative on day +67 after transplantation and the recipient blood group was completely changed to B on day +123. In addition, Hb typing was changed to Hb E trait with Hb F less than 5 % on day +37. The engraftment of neutrophils, more than 5x10(9)/L, was detected on day+14 and platelet count was more than 20x10(9)/L on day +28. On day +90, the patient was transfusion-independent with the mean Hb level at 11.4 g/dL (10.4-13.1). The sex chromosome and hemoglobin typing were changed to the donor on day +300.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gel test is an alternative method which is simple and helpful in detecting mixed red blood cell populations, particularly in the ABO or other blood group mismatched bone marrow transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rachata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lumkul
authors.forename: Oytip
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nathalang
authors.forename: Pasra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arnutti
authors.forename: Aree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janyatham
authors.forename: Kitti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torcharus
authors.forename: Triroj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krutvecheo
authors.forename: Thip
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sriphaisal
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility / Q000097:blood*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D046528:Chimerism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006386:Hemagglutination Tests; D006446:Hemoglobin E; D006801:Humans; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D006446:Hemoglobin E