title: Behavioral correlates of GABAergic disruption in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Losses of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been variably demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be related to the presence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in AD. Our objective was to assess the relationship between plasma GABA (pGABA) levels and specific BPSD in patients with severe AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  pGABA levels and BPSD were measured in 14 institutionalized AD patients (8M/6F, mean age +/- S.D. = 85.6 +/- 4.5 years) with severe cognitive impairment (Mini-mental State Examination score = 4.5 +/- 4.6) and prominent behavioral disturbances (Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score = 33.4 +/- 23.6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  pGABA was positively correlated with depression and apathy scores on the NPI and negatively correlated with age. Apathy and age were independent predictors of pGABA levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final stages of AD are associated with GABAergic changes, which may contribute to depression and apathy in AD.
authors.affiliation: Neuropharmacology Research Program, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Krista.Lanctot@sunnybrook.ca
authors.forename: Krista L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lanctôt
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rothenburg
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eryavec
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid