title: Rehabilitation for distal radial fractures in adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem, particularly in older white women with osteoporosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of rehabilitation interventions in adults with conservatively or surgically treated distal radial fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (December 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2005), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, AMED, PEDro, OTseeker and other databases, conference proceedings and reference lists of articles. No language restrictions were applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials evaluating rehabilitation as part of the management of fractures of the distal radius sustained by adults. Rehabilitation interventions such as active and passive mobilisation exercises, and training for activities of daily living, could be used on their own or in combination, and be applied in various ways by various clinicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors independently selected and reviewed trials. Study authors were contacted for additional information. No data pooling was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen trials, involving 746 mainly female and older patients, were included. Initial treatment was conservative, involving plaster cast immobilisation, in all but 27 participants whose fractures were fixed surgically. Though some trials were well conducted, others were methodologically compromised. For interventions started during immobilisation, there was weak evidence of improved hand function for hand therapy in the days after plaster cast removal, with some beneficial effects continuing one month later (one trial). There was weak evidence of improved hand function in the short term, but not in the longer term (three months), for early occupational therapy (one trial), and of a lack of differences in outcome between supervised and unsupervised exercises (one trial). For interventions started post-immobilisation, there was weak evidence of a lack of clinically significant differences in outcome in patients receiving formal rehabilitation therapy (four trials), passive mobilisation (two trials), ice or pulsed electromagnetic field (one trial), or whirlpool immersion (one trial) compared with no intervention. There was weak evidence of a short-term benefit of continuous passive motion (post external fixation) (one trial), intermittent pneumatic compression (one trial) and ultrasound (one trial). There was weak evidence of better short-term hand function in participants given physiotherapy than in those given instructions for home exercises by a surgeon (one trial).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available evidence from randomised controlled trials is insufficient to establish the relative effectiveness of the various interventions used in the rehabilitation of adults with fractures of the distal radius.
authors.affiliation: Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, c/o University Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Old Dalkeith Road, Little France, Edinburgh, UK EH16 4SU. h.handoll@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: H H G
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Handoll
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madhok
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014954:Wrist Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*