title: Catonella morbi and Granulicatella adiacens: new species in endodontic infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study intended to examine samples from primary endodontic infections for the presence of Catonella morbi and Granulicatella adiacens, 2 species that have been recently suggested to be involved with infections in other oral sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was isolated directly from samples taken from teeth with different forms of apical periodontitis, and a devised culture-independent 16S rRNA gene-based heminested PCR assay was used to determine the prevalence of these 2 target species. Species-specific primers were developed by aligning closely related 16S rRNA gene sequences. Species-specificity for each primer pair was confirmed by running PCR against a panel of oral bacteria and by sequencing of DNA from representative positive samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C morbi and G adiacens were detected in 33% and 19%, respectively, of the root canals associated with chronic apical periodontitis; 30% and 10%, respectively, of the cases diagnosed as acute apical periodontitis, and 16% and 11%, respectively, of the pus samples taken from acute apical abscesses. Overall, C morbi occurred in 26% and G adiacens in 14% of the samples taken from primary endodontic infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that C morbi and G adiacens can take part in the microbiota associated with primary endodontic infections, and their specific role in the disease process warrants further elucidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. siqueira@estacio.br
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Isabela N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Rôças
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D016965:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000382:microbiology; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D021521:Ribotyping; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial