title: Granular materials: packing grains by thermal cycling.
abstract: A long-standing problem in managing the behaviour of a collection of solid grains concerns the nature of the grain packing, a property that is typically controlled by how the grains are poured or shaken. Here we show that a systematic and controllable increase in granular packing can be induced by simply raising and then lowering the temperature, without the input of mechanical energy. This thermal processing may have important practical implications for the handling and storage of granular materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Conger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Draskovic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lohr
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scheidemantel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiffer