title: Toll-like receptor modulation in cardiovascular disease: a target for intervention?
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a family of pattern recognition receptors that have emerged as key mediators of innate immunity. These receptors sense invading microbes and initiate the immune response. TLR-mediated inflammation is an important pathogenic link between innate immunity and a diverse panel of clinical disorders. Among the processes in which TLRs play a role are cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac ischaemia, coronary artery disease, ventricular remodelling, cancer angiogenesis or transplant rejection. From these, many important opportunities for disease modification through TLR signalling manipulation can be imagined. Their role as potential targets for therapeutic intervention is just beginning to be appreciated and this article reviews the current status of these treatment strategies for cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary. foldesg@bel1.sote.hu
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Földes
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Haehling
authors.forename: Stefan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008024:Ligands; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5