title: Xenobiotic response in Drosophila melanogaster: sex dependence of P450 and GST gene induction.
abstract: The effect of xenobiotics (phenobarbital and atrazine) on the expression of Drosophila melanogaster CYP genes encoding cytochromes P450, a gene family generally associated with detoxification, was analyzed by DNA microarray hybridization and verified by real-time RT-PCR in adults of both sexes. Only a small subset of the 86 CYP genes was significantly induced by the xenobiotics. Eleven CYP genes and three glutathione S-transferases (GST) genes were significantly induced by phenobarbital, seven CYP and one GST gene were induced by atrazine. Cyp6d5, Cyp6w1, Cyp12d1 and the ecdysone-inducible Cyp6a2 were induced by both chemicals. The constitutive expression of several of the inducible genes (Cyp6a2, Cyp6a8, Cyp6d5, Cyp12d1) was higher in males than in females, and the induced level similar in both sexes. Thus, the level of induction was consistently higher in females than in males. The female-specific and hormonally regulated yolk protein genes were significantly induced by phenobarbital in males and repressed by atrazine in females. Our results suggest that the numerous CYP genes of Drosophila respond selectively to xenobiotics, providing the fly with an adaptive response to chemically adverse environments. The xenobiotic inducibility of some CYP genes previously associated with insecticide resistance in laboratory-selected strains (Cyp6a2, Cyp6a8, Cyp12d1) suggests that deregulation of P450 gene expression may be a facile way to achieve resistance. Our study also suggests that xenobiotic-induced changes in P450 levels can affect insect fitness by interfering with hormonally regulated networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. legoff@sophia.inra.fr
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Goff
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hilliou
authors.forename: Blair D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Siegfried
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boundy
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wajnberg
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sofer
authors.forename: Pascaline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Audant
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: ffrench-Constant
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feyereisen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000187:drug effects*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010634:Phenobarbital; D012737:Sex Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015262:Xenobiotics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001280:Atrazine; D010634:Phenobarbital