title: Hemodynamic and clinical correlates of endothelin-1 in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In non-thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, endothelin (ET)-1 levels are increased and correlate with the hemodynamic severity of the disease. Whether such correlations exist in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is unknown, nor whether ET-1 levels correlate with hemodynamic outcome after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ET-1 levels were determined by ELISA. ET-levels were increased in 35 CTEPH patients (1.62+/-0.21 pg/ml) compared with healthy controls (n=11: 0.75+/-0.06 pg/ml, p<0.02). ET-1 levels correlated (all p<0.0001) with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (r=0.70), cardiac index (r=-0.76), total pulmonary resistance (r=0.72), mixed venous oxygen saturation (r=-0.87), and the distance walked in the 6-min walk test (r=-0.59; p<0.005; n=23). Three months after PEA, ET-1 levels had decreased (p<0.002), and were similar between patients with and without residual pulmonary hypertension (p=0.4). Preoperative ET-1 levels, however, were higher in patients with bad postoperative outcome; that is, patients who either died because of persistent pulmonary hypertension or had residual pulmonary hypertension after PEA (2.68+/-0.48 pg/ml, and 1.13+/-0.15 pg/ml, respectively; p<0.002). The levels also correlated with hemodynamic outcome after PEA (mPAP: r=0.67, p<0.0001). By receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis, ET-1>1.77 pg/ml detected a bad postoperative outcome with a sensitivity and specificity of 79% and 85%, respectively, and a likelihood ratio of 5.2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ET-1 levels in CTEPH closely correlated with the hemodynamic and clinical severity of disease in a large cohort of patients. Preoperative ET-1 levels may be useful for better identification of patients at risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension after PEA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Herre J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Reesink
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lutter
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boomsma
authors.forename: Henk M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Jaap J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kloek
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bresser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004691:Endarterectomy; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1