title: Pharmacokinetic consequences of time-dependent inhibition using the isolated perfused rat liver model.
abstract: Mathematical models exist to describe the pharmacokinetic changes caused by time-dependent inhibition (TDI) and these have been reported to predict accurately for several marketed drugs. However, their robustness using in-depth, carefully controlled pre-clinical studies has yet to be established. In the current study, the isolated perfused rat liver was employed to investigate the effects of TDI under carefully controlled conditions. A five-compartmental model was used to describe the observed data and bring context to in vitro TDI data (kinact and KI). Co-administration of midazolam with troleandomycin, mifepristone, erythromycin and the discovery compound, AZ-X, increased midazolam area under the curve (AUC) 3.2-, 2.5-, 1.6- and 1.0-fold, respectively, compared with AUC increases of 1.8-, 1.4-, 1.2- and 1.1-fold predicted by the model. These experimental findings, whilst modest in overall effect, support the use of this model in the rat and it is proposed that projections can be made for the likely clinical impact of novel time-dependent inhibitors in man based on predicted human pharmacokinetics and TDI potency determined in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical and Metabolic Sciences, AstraZeneca R&D Charnwood, Loughborough, UK. Jane.Kenny@astrazeneca.com
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grime
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010477:Perfusion; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System