title: Asthma and enrollment in special education among urban schoolchildren.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed whether asthma is associated with urban children's use of special education services.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study in 24 randomly selected New York City public elementary schools using a parent-report questionnaire focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, special education enrollment, asthma diagnosis and symptoms, school absences, and use of health care services.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four percent of children enrolled in special education had been diagnosed with asthma, compared with 19% of children in the general student population. After control for sociodemographic factors, children with asthma were 60% more likely than children without asthma to be enrolled in special education (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22, 2.16). Asthmatic children in special education were significantly more likely to be from low-income families and to have been hospitalized in the previous 12 months than asthmatic children in general education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate asthma control may contribute to a greater risk of asthmatic children residing in urban areas being placed in special education. School health programs should consider targeting low-income urban children with asthma at risk for enrollment in special education through increased asthma interventions and medical support services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanette A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stingone
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claudio
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004519:Education, Special / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population