title: Surgical complications of Tenckhoff catheters used in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to audit the early and late complications of open Tenckhoff catheter insertion under local anaesthesia in a single institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review was carried out on 164 insertions in 139 patients over a three-year period. All patient records were retrospectively analysed until the time of transfer to haemodialysis, death, or to current time if alive and receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Patient characteristics, operative factors, early and late complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early complications were reported in 31 percent of catheter insertions, predominantly wound infections and catheter malfunctions. The factors that were significantly associated with early complications were diabetes mellitus, glomerulonephritis, ongoing sepsis, previous abdominal surgery and prolonged surgical time. Late complications were seen in 26 percent of catheter insertions, mainly CAPD peritonitis. Poor nutritional status had a significant negative impact on late complications. The overall median catheter survival time was 41.9 months (95 percent confidence interval, 25.8-58.0 months). In addition, no significant difference in catheter survival time was detected between those patients with and those without diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tenckhoff catheter insertion for CAPD is a procedure associated with significant surgical morbidity. Patients with diabetes mellitus, glomerulonephritis and ongoing sepsis are at greater risk of early complications, and hence, must have their conditions stabilised or treated before surgery. In addition, prolonged surgical time and patients with previous abdominal surgery are at increased risk. The rate of complications may be improved by early consideration of patients with poor tolerance of local anaesthetic surgery or with previous abdominal surgery for laparoscopic insertion under general anaesthesia. To prevent late complications dominated by CAPD peritonitis, patients' nutritional status and care of the catheter should both be optimised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074. ho_yee_tiong@nuh.com.sg
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tiong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sunderaraj
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Consigliere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002404:Catheterization; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection; D016019:Survival Analysis