title: Absence of dihydropteroate synthase mutations in Pneumocystis jirovecii from Brazilian AIDS patients.
abstract: Several studies from developed countries have documented the association between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis failure and mutations in the Pneumocystis jirovecii gene coding for dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). DNA was extracted from Giemsa-stained smears of 70 patients with P. jirovecii pneumonia seen in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 1997 to 2004. Successful PCR amplification of the DHPS locus was obtained in 57 of 70 cases (81.4%), including five cases (8.7%) that had used sulfa prophylaxis. No DHPS gene mutations were seen. These results suggest that DHPS mutations are currently as rare in Brazil as in other developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. GWISSMANN@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wissmann
authors.forename: Míriam J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Martinez
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Meshnick
authors.forename: Ada R S
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Dihel
authors.forename: João C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Prolla
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase / Q000235:genetics*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013419:Sulfamethizole / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014296:Trimethoprim Resistance; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013419:Sulfamethizole; D014295:Trimethoprim; C029078:trimethoprim sulfamethizole; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides