title: Pharmacogenetics of chronic cardiovascular drugs: applications and implications.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease continues to be a tremendous worldwide problem, and drug therapy is a major modality to attenuate its burden. At present, conditions such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and heart failure are pharmacologically managed with an empirical trial-and-error approach. However, it has been suggested that this approach fails to adequately address the therapeutic needs of many patients, and pharmacogenetics has been offered as a tool to enhance patient-specific drug therapy. This review outlines pharmacogenetic studies of common cardiovascular drugs, such as diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins and warfarin, ultimately highlighting considerations for future research and practice.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center for Pharmacogenomics, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Room PG-06, PO Box 100486, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. zineh@cop.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zineh
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D010597:Pharmacogenetics
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents