Enantioselective synthesis of vinylcyclopropanes and vinylepoxides mediated by camphor-derived sulfur ylides: rationale of enantioselectivity, scope, and limitation.
By a sidearm approach, camphor-derived sulfur ylides 1 were designed and synthesized for the cyclopropanation of electron-deficient alkenes and epoxidation of aldehydes. Under the optimal conditions, the exo-type sulfonium salts 4a and 4b reacted with beta-aryl-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, amides, ketones, and nitriles to give 1,3-disubstituted-2-vinylcyclopropanes with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. When the endo-type sulfonium salts 5a and 5b were used, the diastereoselectivities were not changed, whereas the absolute configurations of the products became the opposite to those of the reactions of 4a and 4b. An ylide cyclopropanation of chalcone derivatives with phenylvinyl bromide in the presence of catalytic amount of chiral sulfonium salts 4b and 5b has been developed. The sidearmed hydroxyl group was found to play a key role in the control of enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. The origins of the high diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity were also studied by density functional theory calculations, which reveal the importance of the hydrogen-bonding between the sidearmed hydroxyl group and the substrate in determining the diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. The ylides 1 were also successfully applied for the epoxidation of aromatic aldehydes.
Deng
Xian-Ming
XM
State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
Cai
Ping
P
Ye
Song
S
Sun
Xiu-Li
XL
Liao
Wei-Wei
WW
Li
Kai
K
Tang
Yong
Y
Wu
Yun-Dong
YD
Dai
Li-Xin
LX