title: Overexpression of VEGF-A induces neovascularization and increased vascular leakage in rabbit eye after intravitreal adenoviral gene transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine dose-response effects of vascular endothelial growth factor A as delivered using an adenoviral vector on vascular growth and pathological changes in the rabbit eye. Moreover, we wanted to develop a large animal model for angioproliferative diseases in the eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen New Zealand White rabbits were injected with adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor-A (AdVEGF-A) intravitreally with different doses (10(9)-10(11) vp). Controls were injected with an empty virus (AdCMV). Some animals had a combination of AdVEGF-A and AdsKDR (a soluble form of the VEGF receptor-2). Animals were killed 6 days after the gene transfer. On the basis of these results, 14 rabbits were injected intravitreally with AdVEGF-A or adenoviral LacZ (AdLacZ) with 10(10) vp in a volume of 0.1 mL. Animals were killed 3, 6, 14 and 28 days after the gene transfer, eyes were removed and analysed histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis, human VEGF-A was present in vitreous humour in all VEGF-A transduced eyes. The amount of VEGF-A showed a dose-dependent increase with the AdVEGF-A dose and was the highest 6 days after the gene transfer. Histologic analyses revealed an increased capillary area and density in the AdVEGF-A eyes when compared with the AdLacZ eyes (P < 0.05). In the AdVEGF-A/AdsKDR eyes the average capillary area was not increased compared with AdLacZ eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model could be useful for large animal studies regarding the pathogenesis of neoangiogenesis and for the development of new therapeutic strategies for angioproliferative diseases of the eye. Our results establish the key role of VEGF-A in the induction of neovascularization and pathological changes in the rabbit eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinnunen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Korpisalo
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heikura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viita
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ylä-Herttuala
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000209:etiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A