title: Prognostic value of blood glucose in patients with cardiogenic shock.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although an elevated blood glucose has prognostic value in cardiovascular disease, few data are available regarding its prognostic value for patients across the spectrum of cardiogenic shock.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 81 patients with cardiogenic shock whose blood glucose and adrenaline were measured on arrival at the emergency room (ER) were enrolled in this prospective study. The primary endpoint was death from any cause in hospital. The rate of death was 12.3% (10/81), and the glucose level was lower among patients who were discharged alive than among those who died (8.7+/-3.7 mmol/L vs 13.8+/-6.7 mmol/L, p<0.001). The unadjusted rate of death increased in a stepwise fashion among patients in increasing quartiles of glucose level (p<0.05). The blood glucose level of 9.2 mmol/L had the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for the identification of death. In the multiple logistic-regression analysis for the primary outcome, the adjusted odd ratio for a glucose level of 9.2 mmol/L or more was 5.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-32.8, p=0.047). There was a significant positive correlation between the glucose and adrenaline levels (R=0.726, p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement of blood glucose level on ER arrival provides predictive information for use in risk stratification across the spectrum of cardiac emergencies complicated by cardiogenic shock.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. tadakatu@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanjoh
authors.forename: Nariyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004837:Epinephrine