Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin on ciliary activity and histology of the sinus mucosa.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of our study suggest that Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A (SEA) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis by ciliostatic effects at high concentrations, and by a different mechanism at low concentrations.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the in vitro effects of SEA on ciliary activity and its in vivo effects on histology of the sinus mucosa.


METHODS
The in vitro effects of SEA on ciliary activity at different concentrations and exposure time were investigated using maxillary sinus mucosa harvested from experimental rabbits. After in vivo instillation of different concentrations (high and low dose) of SEA into the maxillary sinus, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and histologic findings of the maxillary sinus mucosa were examined.


RESULTS
After exposure to low doses of SEA (0.03 and 0.3 ng/ml), CBF did not decrease, but after exposure to high doses of SEA (1.5, 3, and 30 ng/ml), CBF decreased significantly as a function of time. At 24 h after instillation of high-dose SEA (30 ng/ml) into the sinus, CBF decreased significantly and rhinosinusitis was induced after 7 days. Although no alteration was observed in the CBF of the sinus mucosa after instillation of low-dose SEA (0.3 ng/ml), histological findings of rhinosinusitis including subepithelial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed.
Min
Yang-Gi
YG
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ygmin312@dreamwiz.com
Oh
Seung Jun
SJ
Won
Tae-Bin
TB
Kim
Yong Min
YM
Shim
Woo Sub
WS
Rhee
Chae-Seo
CS
Min
Jin-Young
JY
Dhong
Hun-Jong
HJ
D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000473:pathology; D004487:Edema / Q000473:pathology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
D004768:Enterotoxins; C026066:enterotoxin A, Staphylococcal