title: Development and first validation of the shared decision-making questionnaire (SDM-Q).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to a lack of valid German instruments measuring shared decision-making (SDM), a theory-driven questionnaire (SDM-Q) to measure the process of SDM was developed and validated.
  
  
  METHODS
  As a theoretical basis steps of the SDM process were defined in an expert panel. Item formulation was then conducted according to the Delphi method. For the first validation on a mixed sample Rasch analysis was used to eliminate items not fitting the construct thus receiving a unidimensional scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After eliminating 4 items the remaining 11 form a unidimensional scale with an acceptable reliability for person measures (0.77) and very good reliability for item difficulties (0.95). Analysis of subgroups revealed a different use of items in different conditions. Furthermore the scale showed high ceiling effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new theory-driven instrument to measure the process of SDM has been developed and validated by use of a rigorous method revealing first promising results. Yet the ceiling effects require the addition of more discriminating items, and the different use of items in different conditions demands an in depth analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the concept of SDM is constantly receiving more attention in medical practice, its valid and reliable measurement remains challenging.
authors.affiliation: Section of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Services Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Daniela.Simon@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schorr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirtz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vodermaier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caspari
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neuner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krones
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härter
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires