title: Casualties: narrative and images of the war on Iraq.
abstract: The Iraqi people have endured an excess burden of morbidity and mortality during the past 15 years due to war and sanctions, with the March 2003 Anglo-American assault on and subsequent occupation of Iraq representing the most recent chapter. Children have been disproportionately affected; many have died from infectious disease, malnutrition, and lack of access to health care. There have been significant differences in the availability of narrative accounts and images of this suffering, reflective of the need of those who wage wars and impose sanctions to keep the public uninformed. This article suggests that public health and medical practitioners have a responsibility to seek out such accounts and images. The authors explore possible responses to narrative and images of this suffering, and outline the sorts of responses engendered by three perspectives-charity, development, and social justice. The suffering of the people of Iraq should spur a response from the health community to alleviate the situation and prevent unnecessary suffering.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96813-5534, USA. seiji@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Mary C Smith
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fawzi
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Maskarinec
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Farmer
mesh_terms: D002608:Charities / Q000458:organization & administration*; D047830:Gulf War; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D012935:Social Justice; D047829:Vietnam Conflict; D014857:Warfare