title: [Randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials in a German surgical journal].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Comprehensive identification of relevant literature is mandatory for valid assessment of the effectiveness of surgical interventions. Thus, electronic database searches are often complemented by handsearching of relevant surgical journals. The aim of this study was to assess the quantity and quality of randomized controlled (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) in the German surgical journal Der Chirurg.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative and qualitative assessment was made after handsearching of studies published from 1948 to 2005 in Der Chirurg. Systematic database search (MEDLINE) was used for comparison of RCTs published in Der Chirurg and international surgical journals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 112 controlled clinical trials (90 RCTs, 22 CCTs) were identified by handsearching. The implementation of sample size calculation was reported in 12 of 90 (13%) RCTs. Forty-six (51%) did not specify the randomization process, and five (6%) incorporated the "intention to treat" principle in their analyses. After 2000, RCTs were published in declining frequency in Der Chirurg, whereas international surgical journals printed stable quantities of these studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving the prerequisites of patient-centered clinical research in surgery, rigorous implementation of principles of the CONSORT statement, and modified publication strategies may improve the quality and quantity of reports on clinical studies in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Cochrane Zentrumsklinikum, Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Medizinische Informatik, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blümle
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Szakallas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antes
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Seiler
mesh_terms: D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe; D013502:General Surgery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D016239:MEDLINE / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011643:Publishing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome