title: Everolimus inhibits glomerular endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF, but not long-term recovery in experimental thrombotic microangiopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Everolimus is a potent immunosuppressant used in renal transplant therapy, but its effects on renal endothelial cell regeneration after injury are unknown. The effects of an everolimus therapy were investigated in a model of renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) with specific endothelial cell (EC) injury in the rat in vivo as well as in glomerular ECs in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the early regenerative phase (day 3) of the renal microvascular injury model in vivo, everolimus inhibited glomerular EC proliferation by up to 60% compared with vehicle-treated rats, whereas apoptosis was not different in these groups. This decreased EC proliferation was associated with an enhanced deposition of fibrin in everolimus treated animals on day 3. In cultured glomerular endothelial cells, everolimus effectively and dose dependently inhibited cellular proliferation. This anti-proliferative effect was associated with a reduced phosphorylation of the p70S6 kinase and reduction of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF in glomeruli in vivo and in cultured podocytes in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite the prolonged EC repair and in contrast to the anti-Thy1 nephritis model, everolimus therapy did not disturb the long-term repair reaction in this thrombotic microangiopathy model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Everolimus is anti-proliferative for glomerular EC in vitro and in vivo and does not seem to have detrimental long-term effects in experimental renal TMA, when only the glomerular endothelium, but not the mesangium is severely injured.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schöcklmann
authors.forename: Karl-Hans
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Endlich
authors.forename: Dontscho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerjaschki
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hugo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000068338:Everolimus; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068338:Everolimus; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D020123:Sirolimus