Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cardiovascular death in a community-based population in Japan: NIPPON DATA90.
BACKGROUND
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).


RESULTS
The risk of cardiovascular death was evaluated in a large cohort of participants selected randomly from the overall Japanese population. Participants (mean age, 52.4 years) free of previous CVD were followed up for 10 years. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the abbreviated equation developed at the Cleveland Clinic laboratory for the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study. Of the 7,316 participants, 6.7% had CKD with a GFR<60 at baseline. Even after adjustment for other risk factors, the presence of CKD conferred an increased risk of cardiovascular death with a hazard ratio of 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.76). Furthermore, a negative, graded correlation between GFR and risk of cardiovascular death was observed: 1.09 (0.72-1.64) for a 60<or=GFR<90, 1.15 (0.67-1.99) for a 45<or=GFR<60, 1.23 (0.49-3.09) for a 30<or=GFR<45, 5.52 (1.62-18.75) for a 15<or=GFR<30, 9.12 (2.12-39.29) for a GFR<15, as compared with normal kidney function (GFR>or=90). The proportion of excess cardiovascular death due to CKD was 1.3%.


CONCLUSIONS
CKD was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in a community-dwelling Japanese population.
Nakamura
Koshi
K
Department of Health Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. ksnkmr@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp
Okamura
Tomonori
T
Hayakawa
Takehito
T
Kadowaki
Takashi
T
Kita
Yoshikuni
Y
Ohnishi
Hirofumi
H
Saitoh
Shigeyuki
S
Sakata
Kiyomi
K
Okayama
Akira
A
Ueshima
Hirotsugu
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors