title: The two simultaneously occurring processes in one immune response: the positive immune reaction and immune tolerance.
abstract: The immune response is tightly shaped by both positive and negative signals on different levels. Based on the accumulating data, we hypothesize that, both immune reaction and immune tolerance processes were potentially and simultaneously triggered after antigen challenging. The actual outcome of immune response is dependent on the sum of these two reactions. The hypothesis, if proved to be correct, will significantly improve our understanding the immunity and its related pathological effects. It will influence our choice on immunosuppressive drugs for patients with transplant grafts, autoimmune diseases. As the immunosuppressive drugs may also block the potential immune tolerance process which is beneficial to the patients. Therefore, we should try to develop novel immunosuppressive medicines that selectively inhibit immune reaction but no effects on immune tolerance for patients with allo-grafts or autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, it will impact the immunotherapy for tumors and the development of vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beisihuan Xi Road 25, Beijing 100080, China. zhaoy@ioz.ac.cn
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D018448:Models, Immunological; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology