title: Visceral leishmaniasis infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept.
abstract: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease that can develop in immunocompromised patients. Antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can result in clinical benefits, but with an increased risk of opportunistic infections. Leishmania infection in patients treated with TNF-alpha antagonists is extremely rare; for this reason, we report a patient with VL after etanercept treatment who had an unfavorable outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Disease, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School-G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Exohi, Thessaloniki, 57010, Greece. bagalasv@yahoo.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bagalas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kioumis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Argyropoulou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patakas
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology*; D000068800:Etanercept; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000068800:Etanercept