title: The metabonomics of aging and development in the rat: an investigation into the effect of age on the profile of endogenous metabolites in the urine of male rats using 1H NMR and HPLC-TOF MS.
abstract: The effect of aging and development in male Wistar-derived rats on the profile of endogenous metabolites excreted in the urine was investigated using both (1)H NMR spectroscopy and HPLC-TOF MS using electrospray ionisation (ESI). The endogenous metabolites were profiled in samples collected from male rats every two weeks from just after weaning at 4 weeks up to 20 weeks of age. Multivariate data analysis enabled clusters to be visualised within the data according to age, with urine collected at 4 and 6 weeks showing the greatest differences by both analytical techniques. Markers detected by (1)H NMR spectroscopy included creatinine, taurine, hippurate and resonances associated with amino acids/fatty acids, which increased with age, whilst citrate and resonances resulting from glucose/myoinositol declined. A number of ions were detected by HPLC-MS that were only present in urine samples at 4 weeks of age in both positive and negative ESI, with a range of ions, including e.g. carnitine, increasing with age. Age predictions by PLS-regression modelling demonstrated an age-related trend within these data, between 4 and 12 weeks for HPLC-MS and 4-16 weeks for NMR. The possible utility of these techniques for metabonomic investigations of age-related changes in the rat is discussed and the importance of employing suitable control animals in pharmacological and toxicological studies is highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UKSK10 4TG.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lowden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rantalainen
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D002951:Citrates / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006626:Hippurates / Q000652:urine; D007294:Inositol / Q000652:urine; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013654:Taurine / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D006626:Hippurates; D013654:Taurine; D007294:Inositol; D003404:Creatinine