title: Mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg is associated with regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the mechanisms of hyporesponsiveness of HBV-specific CD4+ T cells by testing TH1 and TH2 commitment and regulatory T cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with HBcAg or HBsAg to evaluate their potential to commit to TH1 and TH2 differentiation. HBcAg-specific activity of regulatory T cells was evaluated by staining with antibodies to CD4, CD25, CTLA-4 and interleukin-10. The role of regulatory T cells was further assessed by treatment with anti-interleukin-10 antibody and depletion of CD4+CD25+ cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Level of mRNAs for T-bet, IL-12R beta2 and IL-4 was significantly lower in the patients than in healthy subjects with HBcAg stimulation. Although populations of CD4+CD25highCTLA-4+ T cells were not different between the patients and healthy subjects, IL-10 secreting cells were found in CD4+ cells and CD4+CD25+ cells in the patients in response to HBcAg, and they were not found in cells which were stimulated with HBsAg. Addition of anti-IL-10 antibody recovered the amount of HBcAg-specific TH1 antibody compared with control antibody (P < 0.01, 0.34% +/- 0.12% vs 0.15% +/- 0.04%). Deletion of CD4+CD25+ T cells increased the amount of HBcAg-specific TH1 antibody when compared with lymphocytes reconstituted using regulatory T cells (P < 0.01, 0.03% +/- 0.02% vs 0.18% +/- 0.05%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg includes activation of HBcAg-induced regulatory T cells in contrast to an increase in TH2-committed cells in response to HBsAg.
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Koju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niitsuma
authors.forename: Noriatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000032:analysis; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D051927:CD24 Antigen; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma