title: Trends and predictors of aggressive therapy for clinical locally advanced prostate carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the patterns and predictors of aggressive local therapies for patients with clinically advanced (cT3) prostate carcinoma, as the USA National Cancer Institute considers external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to be the most appropriate treatment for these patients, and currently there is less evidence supporting the use of radical prostatectomy (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registries to identify patients diagnosed with cT3 disease between 1995 and 2001. Sociodemographic and clinical data included patient age, race/ethnicity, marital status, SEER registry, year of diagnosis, tumour stage and grade, and treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of receiving (i) RP vs EBRT, (ii) any aggressive local treatment (RP or EBRT) or no treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1995 and 2001, the proportion of men receiving aggressive local therapy for cT3 disease increased by 11% (58.4% to 69.4%), with a 20% increase in EBRT (40.3% to 60.2%) but a decline by half in RP (18.1% to 9.3%). Younger age was the strongest predictor of receiving RP rather than EBRT, and younger age with being married being a predictor of receiving aggressive local therapy (adjusted relative risk for marriage 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.18-1.87). Black men were significantly less likely than non-Hispanic white men to receive aggressive therapy, with a relative risk of 0.56 (0.45-0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By 2001, 70% of patients with cT3 disease were receiving aggressive local therapy, with EBRT 6.5 times more common than RP. Clinical trials are needed to rigorously assess the effects of different local treatment strategies on clinical outcomes in men with cT3 prostate carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Denberg
authors.forename: L Michael
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Glodé
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: E David
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment