Booster vaccination in the elderly: their success depends on the vaccine type applied earlier in life as well as on pre-vaccination antibody titers.
BACKGROUND
Recent retrospective studies demonstrate that elderly persons have a shortened protection period following vaccination with recall antigens.


METHODS
We now analysed the effect of booster vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing tetanus, dipththeria, pertussis and polio antigens in 252 healthy elderly persons. The magnitude of the humoral immune response was assessed by antibody measurements.


RESULTS
Comparison with a small control group of 21 younger persons demonstrates that pre- and post-vaccination antibody concentrations are lower in elderly persons for all antigens except polio, for which higher pre- and similar post-vaccination antibody levels are observed. Using multiple linear regression analysis we also show that the magnitude of the humoral immune response in elderly persons greatly depends on pre-vaccination antibody concentrations in the case of tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, but much less so in the case of polio, against which priming and preceding booster immunizations were performed with attenuated live vaccine.


CONCLUSIONS
Regular booster vaccinations throughout life are of clinical importance to maintain the ability to respond to recall antigens in old age. Longer lasting protection and good responsiveness to boosting in spite of low antibody titres can be expected following exposure to live vaccine earlier in life.
Kaml
Maria
M
Immunology Division, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria.
Weiskirchner
Ilka
I
Keller
Michael
M
Luft
Thomas
T
Hoster
Eva
E
Hasford
Joerg
J
Young
Linda
L
Bartlett
Bill
B
Neuner
Christoph
C
Fischer
Karl-Heinz
KH
Neuman
Ber
B
Würzner
Reinhard
R
Grubeck-Loebenstein
Beatrix
B
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged / Q000502:physiology*; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008297:Male; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000276:immunology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology
D000906:Antibodies; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D014612:Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate