title: Exercise is the primary factor associated with Hsp70 induction in muscle of treadmill running rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The cytoprotective, inducible stress protein, Hsp70, increases in muscles of rodents subjected to strenuous treadmill running. Most treadmill running protocols employ negative reinforcement to encourage animals to exercise. As these stimuli may themselves activate stress responses, the present investigation was conducted to determine their contribution to the exercise-induced expression of Hsp70.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three equal groups including an exercise group (EX), which ran on a treadmill at 30 m min(-1) for 60 min; a stimulation group (STIM), which was not allowed to run, but was stimulated with compressed air and mild electric shock concurrently with their exercising cohort; and a control group (CON), which was housed in the treadmill room during the exercise period. Animals were killed 24 h post-experiment and hearts (H), soleii (SOL) and white gastrocnemii (WG) were harvested and analysed for Hsp70 content (mean% +/- SEM of standard).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant increases in Hsp70 (as a % of standard) were noted in H and WG (H = 77.4 +/- 8.5; WG = 93.9 +/- 18.4) of EX but not in STIM (H = 32.5 +/- 4.6; WG = 32.0 +/- 3.4) or CON (H = 20.5 +/- 3.7; WG = 32.4 +/- 7.4). In SOL, Hsp70 expression in EX (126.7 +/- 6.2) was different from STIM (98.3 +/- 10.9) only. This occurred, despite the fact that all groups were exposed to a stressful environment and exhibited elevated (P < 0.001) temperatures (EX -41.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C > STIM -40.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C > CON -39.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C) indicative of a general stress response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that exercise per se, rather than environmental conditions or noxious stimuli, are responsible for the induction of Hsp70 in rat muscle during treadmill running.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. enoble@uwo.ca
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dzialoszynski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005080:Exercise Test; D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050956:HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins