title: Ophthalmic findings in apert syndrome prior to craniofacial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine ophthalmic findings in patients with Apert syndrome before craniofacial surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of 63 cases (27 males, 36 females) with Apert syndrome without craniofacial surgery from the Australian Craniofacial Unit. Demographic data, age of presentation, and ophthalmic findings at the first presentation were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a mean age of four years and median age of one year, at least 14% of patients had amblyopia, 60% of patients had strabismus, 19% of patients had anisometropia, and 34% of eyes had ametropia. Exposure keratopathy and corneal scarring occurred in at least 13% of patients and optic atrophy in at least 8% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that patients with Apert syndrome were at risk of amblyopia because of high prevalence of refractive errors, strabismus, and anisometropia. Exposure keratopathy and corneal scarring occurred commonly.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastic and Orbital Division, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. jjkhong@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jwu Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Khong
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammerton
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selva
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: David
mesh_terms: D000168:Acrocephalosyndactylia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009896:Optic Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology