title: Evaluation of the hemodynamics of rectal varices by endoscopic ultrasonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The usefulness of endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS) for evaluating hemodynamics is examined in 12 cases of rectal varices. We also evaluate the safety of endoscopic therapies in rectal variceal patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  ECDUS was performed for 12 rectal variceal patients with a 7.5-MHz convex-type Pentax FG-32UA system. A Hitachi EUB 525 was used for the display. ECDUS provides a color display of blood flow, and calculates the velocity using a fast-Fourier transform analysis. We monitored the color flow images and measured blood flow velocity in rectal varices. Then, we evaluated the velocity of 350 F2-type esophageal varices via ECDUS, and compared the velocities between rectal varices and esophageal varices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Color flow images of rectal varices and of inflow vessels to rectal varices were obtained in all 12 patients with ECDUS. The mean velocity of F2-type rectal varices was 5.5 +/- 1.3 cm/s (n = 12), while the mean velocity of F2 esophageal varices was 8.4 +/- 3.1 cm/s (range, 4.5-12.5 cm/s) (n = 350) via ECDUS. The velocities in rectal varices were lower than those in esophageal varices. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) was successfully performed in five red-color-sign-positive rectal variceal patients having a mean velocity 5.4 +/- 1.1 cm/s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The velocities of rectal varices were lower than those of esophageal varices. Evaluation of the hemodynamics of rectal varices is important for determining the appropriate therapeutic option. EIS is an effective therapy in cases of slow variceal flow. ECDUS is a necessary tool for effective and safe EIS for rectal varices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Kosei General Hospital, Kita 3 Higashi 8, Sapporo, 060-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Katsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akaike
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012007:Rectum / Q000098:blood supply*; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*