title: Expression profiling of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in synovium and cartilage.
abstract: Cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA) is thought to be mediated by two main enzyme families; the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for cartilage collagen breakdown, whereas enzymes from the 'a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin motifs' (ADAMTS) family mediate cartilage aggrecan loss. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate the activity of these enzymes. Although cartilage destruction in OA might be driven by the chondrocyte, low-grade synovitis is reported in patients with all grades of this disease. Our earlier work profiling these gene families in cartilage identified a number of genes that are regulated in OA, which are hence implicated in the disease process. Because the synovium might contribute to cartilage-matrix destruction in OA, we have extended the screening in the current study. We have profiled MMP, ADAMTS and TIMP genes in both cartilage and synovium from patients with either OA of the hip or a fracture to the neck of femur (NOF), giving a more complete picture of proteolysis in this disease. The four most significantly upregulated genes (P < 0.0001) in OA synovium compared to the fractured NOF are MMP28, ADAMTS16, ADAMTS17 and TIMP2. For MMP9, MMP10, MMP12, MMP17, MMP23, MMP28, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS9, there is a significant correlation between expression levels in the synovium and cartilage, suggesting similar mechanisms of regulation. Additionally, we have shown that in cartilage the median level of steady-state mRNA for MMP13 is approximately 20-fold higher than MMP28 and approximately 1,500-fold higher than ADAMTS16, with expression of this latter gene approximately 150-fold higher in synovium than cartilage. This study is the most comprehensive analysis of the metzincin family of proteinases in the joint to date and has identified several proteinase genes not previously reported to be expressed or regulated in synovium.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Rose K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Jasmine G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kevorkian
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Darrah
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Simon T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Donell
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071096:ADAMTS Proteins; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006621:Hip Joint; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053505:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D005810:Multigene Family; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D045726:Metalloproteases; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D000071096:ADAMTS Proteins; C510098:ADAMTS16 protein, human; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; C424663:MMP28 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D053505:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Secreted