title: Comparative structure and optical properties of Ga-, In-, and Sn-doped ZnO nanowires synthesized via thermal evaporation.
abstract: ZnO nanowires doped with a high concentration Ga, In, and Sn were synthesized via thermal evaporation. The doping content defined as X/(Zn + X) atomic ratio, where X is the doped element, is about 15% for all nanowires. The nanowires consist of single-crystalline wurtzite ZnO crystal, and the average diameter is 80 nm. The growth direction of vertically aligned Ga-doped nanowires is [001], while that of randomly tilted In- and Sn-doped nanowires is [010]. A correlation between the growth direction and the vertical alignment has been suggested. The broaden X-ray diffraction peaks indicate the lattice distortion caused by the doping, and the broadening is most significant in the case of Sn doping. The absorption and photoluminescence of Sn-doped ZnO nanowires shift to the lower energy region than those of In- and Ga-doped nanowires, probably due to the larger charge density of Sn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Jochiwon 339-700, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Chan Woong
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Ja Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jeunghee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park