title: Integration of one- and two-dimensional motion signals in infants: evidence from the barber-pole illusion.
abstract: Several previous studies in adults have investigated how one- and two-dimensional moving features are integrated into a coherent global motion percept by studying the "barber-pole illusion"; when a one-dimensional moving grating is presented within a rectangular aperture, the two-dimensional line terminators at the edges of the aperture bias the perceived direction of motion toward the longer axis of the aperture. In the current study, we used barber-pole stimuli to investigate the development of motion mechanisms that integrate one- and two-dimensional motion signals. Using a directional eye movement technique, we measured responses to obliquely moving gratings presented within horizontally vs. vertically oriented apertures, in infants (ages 2-5 months) and adults. For all ages, we found that horizontal eye movements were significantly stronger when gratings were presented within horizontal than within vertical apertures, as predicted by the barber-pole illusion. Additionally, we devised a way to infer the "effective shift" in eye movement direction produced by the barber-pole illusion. Using a simple motion integration model, effective shift values were then used to calculate the relative weightings of one- and two-dimensional motion signals to direction coding. The results show that by 2 months of age, infants integrate one- and two-dimensional motion signals, and that the relative weighting of one- and two-dimensional signals remains roughly constant from 2 months of age into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA. kdobkins@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Karen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Dobkins
authors.forename: Lindsay B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Ione
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000502:physiology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008954:Models, Biological; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D009903:Optical Illusions / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods