title: HIV/AIDS in the Middle East: a guide to a proactive response.
abstract: After 24 years of being declared an epidemic, the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has found its way to the remote parts of the Middle East. There are no fastidious HIV/AIDS epidemiological data available specific for the Middle East and insufficient surveys have been conducted in a larger area including the Middle East and North Africa. Currently the total number of people living with HIV in the Middle East and North Africa is 540,000. About 92,000 individuals were newly infected in 2004 and 28,000 people have died of AIDS during the same time period.2 With increasing spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), injection drug users (IDUs), numbers of unemployed youth, a conservative culture and low awareness of HIV the region is especially vulnerable to a large-scale epidemic. In this age of globalization the rapid spread of HIV along with highly virulent and multi-drug-resistant HIV strains that progress rapidly to AIDS, the more difficult and expensive prevention efforts and treatment regimes become. Complicating the issue there are many unresolved socio-economic conflicts in the Middle East. Valid and reliable HIV/AIDS epidemiological data, to facilitate policy formulation and to effect urgent prevention intervention is inadequate. This article identifies numerous gaps and shortfalls in the existing programs, elucidates the reasons behind the lack of information, and provides suggestions for taking actions.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy University of Houston, Houston, Texas, HIV Prevention Research Group, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. pehsanza@central.uh.edu
authors.forename: Parvaneh Ehsanzadeh
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Cheemeh
authors.forename: Isaac D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: E James
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Essien
authors.forename: Gbadebo O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Ogungbade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008427:Maternal Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012736:Sex Education; D012931:Social Environment