title: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) overexpression and microvessel density predict survival in the urinary bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) over expression and angiogenesis with their relationship to tumor parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in patients who underwent radical cystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mean age of the patients was 53.53 years (range; 29-70 years) and the males were 98 of 154. Sections from paraffin embedded tissues were retrieved and stained with antibodies against PCNA for proliferation and CD34 for angiogenesis using immunohistochemical technique. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the relationship between categorical variables and the Kaplan-Meier procedure was used to assess survival outcomes. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow up period was 65 months. microvessel density (MVD), PCNA, tumor grade, P-stage, DNA ploidy, lymph node status had a significant impact on the 5-year survival of patients in univariate analysis. In Cox proportional hazard model, MVD, PCNA, DNA ploidy and stage sustained their significant impact on survival of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MVD, PCNA, DNA ploidy and stage are independent prognostic factors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. el-kott@maktoob.com
authors.forename: Attalla F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: El-kott
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: El-baz
authors.forename: Alaa A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mokhtar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D002196:Capillaries; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011003:Ploidies; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen