title: Irbesartan restores the in-vivo insulin signaling pathway leading to Akt activation in obese Zucker rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin II (AII) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension and insulin resistance. In addition, the administration of selective AII type 1 receptor blockers has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. However, only a few studies have addressed the molecular mechanisms involved in this association. Furthermore, in a previous study we illustrated that obese Zucker rats (OZR) present increased serine 994 (Ser994) phosphorylation of hepatic insulin receptor, and this event seems to be implicated in the regulation of the intrinsic IRK in this model of insulin resistance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of chronic treatment with irbesartan (50 mg/kg a day for 6 months) on the hepatic insulin signaling system of OZR.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extent of phosphorylation of several components of the insulin signaling system was assessed by immunoprecipitation, followed by immunoblotting with phosphospecific antibodies. In addition, liver AII levels and fat deposits were determined by immunohistochemistry and Oil red O, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OZR displayed a marked attenuation in the in-vivo phosphorylation of several components of the insulin signaling pathways in the liver, together with significantly higher hepatic AII levels and hepatic steatosis when compared with lean Zucker rats. We found that in the livers of OZR long-term administration of irbesartan is associated with: (i) increased insulin-stimulated insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation; (ii) decreased insulin receptor Ser994 phosphorylation; (iii) augmented insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and 2 abundance and tyrosine phosphorylation; (iv) augmented association between IRS and the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; (v) increased insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation; and (vi) decreased hepatic steatosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides substantial information that demonstrates that long-term selective AII blockade by irbesartan improves insulin signaling and is associated with decreased insulin receptor Ser994 phosphorylation in the liver of a representative animal model of the human metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marina C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Danila P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Argentino
authors.forename: Fernando P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Dominici
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turyn
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Toblli
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000077405:Irbesartan; D008297:Male; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C526297:IRS2 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; C526299:Irs2 protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C528024:SHC1 protein, human; D055765:Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; C528035:Shc1 protein, rat; D000071425:Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D000077405:Irbesartan