title: An analysis of categorical perception of facial emotion in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emotion perception deficits have been extensively documented in schizophrenia and are associated with poor social functioning. Yet fundamental questions about the nature and scope of these impairments remain unanswered from commonly used experimental tasks. An alternative categorical perception paradigm that focuses on distinguishing boundaries between emotions was used to evaluate whether schizophrenia patients demonstrate atypical patterns of categorical perception and a negativity bias in the identification of ambiguous facial expressions.
  
  
  METHODS
  47 schizophrenia outpatients and 31 nonpsychiatric controls completed a forced-choice emotion identification task. Stimuli consisted of a series of digitized facial images that were morphed in 10% signal intensity increments along continua between pairs of emotions (happy-sad; fearful-happy; angry-fearful; angry-sad) and presented in a random order. For each emotion continuum, measures of the response slope and the location of the boundary shift point between emotions were calculated for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The schizophrenia group demonstrated significantly shallower response curves than controls across all emotion continua. Despite these generally less precise demarcations between emotions, patients did not significantly differ from controls in the location of the shift point between emotions on any of the continua.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schizophrenia patients demonstrated impaired categorical perception of facial expressions with generally less sharp categorizations of ambiguous stimuli to one emotion category or another. However, patients did not demonstrate a negativity bias in their processing of ambiguous facial expressions. The emotional continuum paradigm can help to clarify the nature and boundaries of affect perception deficits in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: California State University Channel Islands, United States. kee@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Kimmy S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wynn
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index