title: Predictors of mortality and hospitalization in women with heart failure in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial.
abstract: We performed a retrospective follow-up study of 1926 women with heart failure who participated in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for covariates that were significant independent predictors of all-cause mortality were age in years (1.02; 1.01-1.03; P<0.001), NYHA class IH-IV (1.56; 1.31-1.87), diabetes (1.63; 1.36-1.95), glomerular filtration rate in mL/min/1.73 m(2) (0.99; 0.98-4).996; P=0.001), pulmonary congestion by chest x-ray (1.57; 1.22-2.02), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (0.99; 0.98-0.993; P<0.001), and use of digoxin (1.20; 1.02-1.42). Covariates that were significant independent predictors of hospitalization due to worsening heart failure were: nonwhite race (1.28; 1.03-1.58), NYHA class III-IV (1.55; 1.30-1.84), diabetes (1.75; 1.47-2.09), glomerular filtration rate as mL/min/1.73 m(2) (0.99; 0.986-0.996; P<0.001), pulmonary congestion by chest x-ray (1.42; 1.12-1.81), and use of ACE inhibitors (0.67; 0.49-0.91). Longer duration of heart failure, higher NYHA classes, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, pulmonary congestion, and lower LVEF were significant independent predictors of all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and hospitalization for heart failure in women with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Center for Aging and Geriatric Heart Failure Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Wilbert S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Aronow
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fleg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004070:Digitalis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology