title: Muscarinic modulation of Cav2.3 (R-type) calcium channels is antagonized by RGS3 and RGS3T.
abstract: Ca(2+) influx through voltage-gated R-type (Ca(V)2.3) Ca(2+) channels is important for hormone and neurotransmitter secretion and other cellular events. Previous studies have shown that Ca(V)2.3 is both inhibited and stimulated through signaling mechanisms coupled to muscarinic ACh receptors. We previously demonstrated that muscarinic stimulation of Ca(V)2.3 is blocked by regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) 2. Here we investigated whether muscarinic inhibition of Ca(V)2.3 is antagonized by RGS3. RGS3 is particularly interesting because it contains a lengthy ( approximately 380 residue) amino-terminal domain of uncertain physiological function. Ca(V)2.3, M(2) muscarinic ACh receptors (M(2)R), and various deletion mutants of RGS3, including its native isoform RGS3T, were expressed in HEK293 cells, and agonist-dependent inhibition of Ca(V)2.3 was quantified using whole cell patch-clamp recordings. Full-length RGS3, RGS3T, and the core domain of RGS3 were equally effective in antagonizing inhibition of Ca(V)2.3 through M(2)R. These results identify RGS3 and RGS3T as potential physiological regulators of R-type Ca(2+) channels. Furthermore, they suggest that the signaling activity of RGS3 is unaffected by its extended amino-terminal domain. Confocal microscopy was used to examine the intracellular locations of four RGS3-enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion proteins. The RGS3 core domain was uniformly distributed throughout both cytoplasm and nucleus. By contrast, full-length RGS3, RGS3T, and the amino-terminal domain of RGS3 were restricted to the cytoplasm. These observations suggest that the amino terminus of RGS3 may serve to confine it to the cytoplasmic compartment where it can interact with cell surface receptors, heterotrimeric G proteins, and other signaling proteins.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza 2405, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210 México.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toro-Castillo
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thapliyal
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Ochoa
authors.forename: Brett A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Ulises
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Meza
mesh_terms: D020908:Calcium Channels, R-Type / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology; D020710:RGS Proteins; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C423009:CACNA1E protein, human; D020908:Calcium Channels, R-Type; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D020710:RGS Proteins; C485898:RGS3 protein, human; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins