title: Pericardial involvement at diagnosis in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because most cases are clinically silent, the incidence, clinical course, and outcome of pericardial involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of all patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma treated at our institution between 1991 and 2004 were reviewed. Pericardial involvement was identified by computerized tomography (CT) as focal thickening or nodularity present at the time of diagnosis, and by echocardiography as pericardial effusion. Outcomes measured were incidence of pericardial involvement, relapse-free survival, and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen of 273 patients (5%) had pericardial involvement. All patients with pericardial involvement had nodular sclerosing tumors versus 183 of 260 patients without pericardial involvement (P = 0.02); 9 (67%) had a bulky mediastinal mass versus 27% (P = 0.002). Two patients required pericardial drainage to drain very large effusions (n = 2). Both patients were symptomatic with either shortness of breath or superior vena cava syndrome. In the 11 cases that did not undergo surgical drainage, the effusion resolved within days after starting chemotherapy. Two patients experienced distant relapse but underwent successful salvage therapy. All 13 patients remain alive and free of disease at a median follow-up of 9.7 years (range, 1.7-12.9 years) with normal cardiac function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pericardial involvement by lymphoma is usually asymptomatic unless accompanied by substantial pericardial effusion. In most cases, pericardial involvement resolves with treatment of the underlying malignancy, but close observation for hemodynamic complications is required. A symptomatic effusion, once treated, does not affect survival.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Sue C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kaste
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krasin
authors.forename: Monika L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Metzger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006338:Heart Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010490:Pericardial Effusion; D010496:Pericardium / Q000473:pathology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed