title: Reduction of 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt (XTT) is dependent on CaFRE10 ferric reductase for Candida albicans grown in unbuffered media.
abstract: The reduction of 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt (XTT) and other tetrazolium salts is widely used as an assay for bacterial, fungal and mammalian cell viability, but the genes encoding the reductase activities have not been defined. Here, it was shown that XTT and plasma membrane ferric reductase activities were 10-40-fold greater in Candida albicans than in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. XTT reductase activity was induced fivefold in C. albicans grown in low-iron conditions compared with iron-replete conditions, and for cells grown in unbuffered (pH 4.0-4.4) medium, XTT reductase activity was largely dependent on CaFRE10. XTT reductase activity of C. albicans grown in medium buffered to pH 6.8 was independent of CaFRE10 but, nonetheless, was upregulated in cells deprived of iron. Reduction of 2-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-3,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), a membrane-permeable tetrazolium salt, occurred at an intracellular location and was independent of CaFRE10. However, MTT activity was induced by iron deprivation in C. albicans but not in S. cerevisiae. C. albicans possessed multiple iron- and pH-regulated reductase activities capable of reducing tetrazolium salts, but, when grown in unbuffered medium, CaFRE10 was required for XTT reductase activity.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 730 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
authors.forename: Simon A B
authors.initials: SAB
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 730 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dancis
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D038181:FMN Reductase / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C110656:2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium; D003470:Culture Media; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D007501:Iron; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D038181:FMN Reductase; C023903:ferric citrate iron reductase