title: Immunohistochemical expression of heparan sulfate correlates with stromal cell proliferation in breast phyllodes tumors.
abstract: Phyllodes tumors are fibroepithelial neoplasms typified by stromal proliferation. We have previously shown the role of pathologic parameters and the prognostic significance of p53 and CD117 protein expression in these tumors. In this study, we evaluated the expression of heparan sulfate, which has been implicated in many biological processes such as cell adhesion, embryogenesis, and tumorigenesis (including malignant transformation of mammary cells) in 232 breast phyllodes tumors. We used a monoclonal antibody, 10E4, to examine the localization of heparan sulfate in phyllodes tumors by immunohistochemistry. The immunoreactivity of both epithelial and stromal components was examined and analyzed with pathological parameters and other immunohistochemical markers, including p53, MIB1, bcl2, and CD117. Stromal 10E4 expression was significantly associated with tumor grade, stromal p53, and MIB1 expression in proliferating cells, suggesting that heparan sulfate may participate in malignant tumor growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chuay-Yeng
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Boon-Huat
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: Philip Chi-Wai
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Gary Man-Kit
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Puay-Hoon
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: George Wai-Cheong
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Yip
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D003557:Phyllodes Tumor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C440408:MIB-1 antibody