title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper-tract urothelial tumors is a minimally invasive approach that parallels the open technique in oncologic efficacy. Multiple approaches to manage the distal ureter have been described. We developed a new technique using the daVinci robot system to perform a transvesical excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive patients with upper-tract urothelial cancer underwent a laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. The daVinci robot was docked through the umbilical, ipsilateral lateral rectus, and an additional contralateral lateral rectus port. The bladder was clam-shelled in a coronal orientation at the dome and the distal ureterectomy performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our technique was successful in all ten patients. The mean operative time for the entire case was 4.4 hours. The average hospital stay was 3 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is a safe, minimally invasive approach to upper- tract urothelial cancer that reduces the technical challenge of excision of the distal ureter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA.
authors.forename: Dana K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Nanigian
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ellison
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery