title: Structural heterogeneity and immunohistochemical profile of Hassall corpuscles in normal human thymus.
abstract: The study was conducted on 27 specimens of normal thymus, removed during surgery for cardiovascular malformations. Biopsies were processed using current histological techniques, and the samples were stained using morphological and immunohistochemical methods (cytokeratin profile, vimentin, S100, CD45, CD20, CD3, CD68, CD34 protein, chromogranin A, neuronal-specific enolase, desmin). Microscopic examination focused on the structure and immunohistochemical profile of Hassall corpuscles, beginning from the hypothesis that the epithelial cells of these structures, characteristic for the thymus, participate in the negative and positive selection of thymocytes. Morphological assessment revealed the existence of four different types of Hassall corpuscles: juvenile, immature, mature and senescent. The lymphocyte-rich variant was identified in 25.92% of the cases with ages ranging between 7 days and 12 years. From the immunohistochemical point of view, the following reactions were negative: cytokeratins 7 and 8, vimentin, desmin, CD3, CD68, CD34 and neuron-specific enolase. Isolated positive chromogranin cells were found in two cases, and positive intracorpuscular CD20 cells in one case. Polyclonal cytokeratins were positive in all instances in the epithelial cells of the Hassall corpuscles, with higher intensity in high-molecular weight cytokeratin, strongly expressed in mature corpuscles. All specimens had positive S100 cells in the corpuscles, distributed among the epithelial cells, with dendritic morphology, in great numbers in juvenile and immature forms. Morphological and immunohistochemical results (corpuscle variants, the presence of positive S100 cells, concentration of positive CD20 and CD3 cells around the corpuscles) suggest the active involvement of epithelial cells of Hassall corpuscles in modulating the differentiation of thymocytes at the medullar level, a process that is mediated by protein S100 positive corpuscular dendritic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Piata Eftimie Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania. raica@umft.ro
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raica
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Encică
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motoc
authors.forename: Anca Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cîmpean
authors.forename: Traian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scridon
authors.forename: Mircea
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bârsan
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D013934:Thymectomy; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D007633:Keratins