title: The case for further treatment studies of uncomplicated genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
abstract: Azithromycin 1 g immediately and doxycycline 100 mg twice daily have good antimicrobial activity against Chlamydia trachomatis and treatment studies have demonstrated a >95% microbiological cure at 2-5 weeks, with antimicrobial resistance being rarely reported. Recently an 8% (95%, CI 5% to 11%) failure rate was observed in 289 women, but not in men, who had been sexually inactive after treatment. At high multiplicities of infection (load) in vitro persistence can often be demonstrated to antimicrobials-heterotypic resistance. The subsequently recovered isolates do not possess antimicrobial resistance at low loads. It is known that genital chlamydia load varies in vivo and is probably greater in women than men. In mass treatment trials of trachoma, treatment failure is associated with high chlamydia loads. It is therefore possible that women with high chlamydia loads may be at increased risk of treatment failure. Given the imminent role out of the National Chlamydia Screening Programme and the consequences of persistent chlamydial infection in women this hypothesis urgently merits further investigation.
authors.affiliation: The Milne Centre for Sexual Health, Bristol Royal, Infirmary, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK. paddy.horner@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin; D004318:Doxycycline