title: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 contributes to tumor necrosis factor alpha induced apoptosis in cultured rat cardiac myocytes.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. However, the role of interactions between MMP-2 and TNFalpha, associated with cardiac apoptosis, is unknown. We hypothesized that MMP-2 will contribute to TNFalpha-induced myocardial apoptosis. After treatment with TNFalpha (1-20 ng/ml) for 24 h, or with TNFalpha (10 ng/ml) for 0, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h, MMP-2 activity, percent of TUNEL-positive myocytes, and DNA fragmentation dose, and time-dependently increased compared to control. However, TNFalpha blockade (neutralizing antibodies against human TNFalpha, 25 microg/ml) significantly reduced the activity of MMP-2 and markers of apoptosis induced by TNFalpha. Interestingly, MMP-2 antibody (30 microg/ml), or the MMP-2 inhibitors Doxycycline (Dox, 1-50 micromol/l) or GM6001 (GM, 10 micromol/l), prior to TNFalpha insult, decreased myocardial MMP-2 activity and reduced the percent of TUNEL-positive myocytes and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, MMP-2 inhibition reduced Bax expression and caspase3 activity, as well as increasing Bcl2 expression. MMP-2 inhibition was associated with decreased cardiac MMP-2 activity and decreased myocardial apoptosis induced by TNFalpha. These results suggest that MMP-2 contributes to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis in cultured rat cardiac myocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of ICU, Jin Shan Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200540, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004151:Dipeptides; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; C078131:N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D004318:Doxycycline