title: The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease growth retardation.
abstract: Childhood inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) especially those with Crohn disease is commonly complicated by faltering growth and pubertal delay. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are often elevated in IBD and may affect linear growth and puberty either systemically or at the level of the growth plate. Further study of the underlying mechanisms of the deleterious effects of cytokines on the growth plate may improve management of faltering growth in childhood IBD. Well-controlled clinical studies of the respective effect of nutritional support, immunomodulatory therapy, biological agents and growth and puberty promoting agents on managing faltering growth also require further attention.
authors.affiliation: Bone and Endocrine Research Group, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Macrae
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGrogan
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011628:Puberty, Delayed / Q000209:etiology; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D013256:Steroids; D013006:Growth Hormone