title: High throughput comparative genomic hybridization array analysis of multifocal urothelial cancers.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine genetic alterations occur during synchronous or metachronous multifocal development of urothelial cancers on the whole genome using a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array. We used 10 tumor pairs (2 tumors for each patient), in which we had previously defined a clonal relationship by microsatellite analysis. For CGH array analysis, Vysis GenoSensor Array 300 kit was used. An unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the tumors from one patient were clustered together independent of the tumors of all other patients. On the other hand, many genetic divergences among multifocal urothelial cancers were newly found by a CGH array analysis. The concordant genetic alteration patterns of the chromosomal arm in tumor pairs were most frequently observed in 9p, 9q, 8p, 7p, 7q and 11q, while discordant patterns were most frequently found in 15q, 20q, 2q, 10p and 11q. Investigation using a CGH array showed that genetically stable multifocal tumors were less frequent, and that a large percentage of urothelial cancers accumulate genetic alterations during multifocal development by clonal evolution. We might have to consider these genetic accumulations during multifocal development when designing strategies for prevention and detection of recurrent multifocal urothelial cancers. CGH array can be a powerful tool for genetic analysis of multifocal urothelial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamoto
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Gozoh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*