title: Functions of G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 in human neuronal (NT2N) cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Promotion of the repair and regeneration of damaged adult neurons is a major goal of neurological science. In this study, the effects of G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1) overexpression in human neuron cells were tested in human neuronal cells by using an adenoviral vector.
  
  
  METHODS
  A recombinant GIT1 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) adenoviral vector (AdGIT1) was created by using a standard viral construction procedure. Human neuronal (NT2N) cells, which had been derived from an NT2 human teratocarcinoma cell line, were used in this experiment. Immunocytochemical methods were applied to identify NT2N cells with neural features and to probe the relationship among signaling proteins. Several biological activities were assessed, including neural spine formation, cell migration, and the levels of expression of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and active Cdc42. The number of cells with spine formation and the number of migrated cells were significantly higher in the AdGIT1-treated group of NT2N cells than in untreated (control) NT2N cells or in AdEGFP-treated NT2N cells. The levels of GAP-43 and active Cdc42 expression were significantly higher in the AdGITl-treated group than that in the other two cell groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that GIT1 overexpression has the potential to promote neural spine formation and cell migration in human neuronal cells. At the same time, the increased level of GAP-43 in GIT1-overexpressed cells indicates that GIT1 may have the potential to improve growth and regeneration of damaged axons. The GIT1-beta-PIX-Cdc42-PAK pathway may play an important role in neuronal outgrowth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Ann-Shung
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.forename: Jin Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Gerald R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hankins
authors.forename: Shen-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Howng
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Helm
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000502:physiology*; D000256:Adenoviridae; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D038081:Organogenesis; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000196:embryology; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; C485647:GIT1 protein, human; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein