title: Randomized trial comparing polymer-coated extended-release morphine sulfate to controlled-release oxycodone HCl in moderate to severe nonmalignant pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term efficacy, tolerability and safety of polymer-coated extended-release morphine sulfate (P-ERMS) (KADIAN) compared with controlled-release oxycodone HCl (CRO) (OxyContin) in treating chronic, nonmalignant, moderate to severe pain in a community-based outpatient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phase IV, prospective, randomized, open-label.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (N = 112) with chronic, nonmalignant, moderate to severe pain with visual numeric scale (VNS) scores > or = 4 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst pain).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomized to receive either P-ERMS once-daily (QD) dosing or CRO twice-daily (BID) dosing for a 24-week treatment period. Upward titration of dose and switching P-ERMS to BID or CRO to thrice-daily (TID) dosing was allowed Weeks 2-24.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality of life (Physical [PCS] and Mental [MCS] Component Summary scores of the SF-36v2 Health Survey), pain and sleep scores (0-10), and patient and clinician assessments of current therapy (-4 to +4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in both treatment groups experienced significant improvements in PCS scores (P-ERMS, +2.6; CRO, +3.1; p < 0.05 vs. baseline); patients taking CRO also demonstrated improvements in MCS scores (+4.7, p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Both groups attained significant reductions from baseline to 24 weeks in pain (P-ERMS, -2.0; CRO, -1.4; p < or = 0.001 vs. baseline); the reduction with P-ERMS was clinically meaningful (as defined by at least a 2-point reduction in VNS score). Patients attained significant improvement in sleep scores (P-ERMS, -2.6; CRO, -1.6; p < 0.001 vs. baseline; p < 0.05, P-ERMS vs. CRO). At Week 24, both groups indicated significantly increased patient (P-ERMS, +2.6; CRO, +1.7; p < 0.001 vs. baseline) and clinician (P-ERMS, +4.0; CRO, +3.1; p < 0.001 vs. baseline) global assessments of therapy. After 24 weeks, all patients on P-ERMS were dosing within the FDA-approved frequencies (65% QD, 35% BID); 56% of patients on CRO dosed BID, but 38% dosed TID and 6% dosed four times daily (QID). Most common adverse events were constipation, nausea, and somnolence, with no significant difference between treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  P-ERMS and CRO both relieved chronic nonmalignant pain in this community-based population; however, patients taking P-ERMS dosed in accordance with FDA-approved frequencies (QD/BID); 44% of those taking CRO dosed more frequently (TID/QID).
authors.affiliation: Pain Specialists of Greater Lehigh Valley, 1240 South Cedar Crest Boulevard, Allentown, PA 18103, USA. userpainmd@aol.com
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weil
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018710:Pain Clinics; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011108:Polymers; D009020:Morphine; D010098:Oxycodone