title: Phytochemistry and antifungal properties of the newly discovered tree Pleodendron costaricense.
abstract: Gas chromatography analysis of the essential oils of leaves and bark collected from the newly discovered tree Pleodendron costaricense identified alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, beta-myrcene, beta-thujene, and beta-caryophyllene as their major constituents. Phytochemical analysis of P. costaricense parts led to the isolation and identification of delta-tocotrienol, beta-sitosterol, four known drimane-type sesquiterpenes, cinnamodial (1), cinnamosmolide (2), polygodial (3), and mukaadial (4), and two new compounds, a drimane-type sesquiterpene, parritadial (5), and an eremophilane-type sesquiterpene, pleodendione (6). Antifungal assays with the two major compounds, 1 and 2, were carried out, and results showed a high activity of 1 against Alternaria alternata (MIC = 3.9 microg/mL), Candida albicans azole-resistant strain D10, and Wangiella dermatitides (MICs = 15.6 microg/mL). Compound 2 showed less potent antifungal activities than 1 but was more effective against Candida albicans azole-resistant strain CN1A (MIC = 23.4 microg/mL) and Pseudallescheria boydii (MIC = 78.1 microg/mL). A combination of the dialdehyde sesquiterpenes with dillapiol showed a synergistic antifungal effect with 1 and an additive effect with 4 and 5.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Treyvaud Amiguet
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Chieu Anh
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ta
authors.forename: Ronaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vindas
authors.forename: Luis Poveda
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Myron L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: John Thor
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Arnason
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Durst
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D003364:Costa Rica; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005093:Exophiala / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014197:Trees / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D004149:Dioxoles; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C498255:5-allyl 6,7-dimethoxy 1,3-benzodioxole