title: Brachytherapy in men aged < or = 54 years with clinically localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS) in hormone-naive men aged < or = 54 years who underwent brachytherapy with or without supplemental external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), as despite favourable biochemical control rates with brachytherapy, there remains a reluctance to recommend non-extirpative approaches for young men with clinically localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1995 to October 2002, 108 hormone-naive patients aged < or = 54 years (median 52 years, range 45-54) had permanent interstitial brachytherapy for clinical stage T1c-T2c NXM0 (2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging) prostate cancer. No patient had a seminal vesicle biopsy or pathological lymph node staging. The mean (sd, median) follow-up was 5.3 (1.8, 4.8) years. BPFS was defined by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of < or = 0.40 ng/mL after the nadir. Risk groups were assigned using the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center criteria. Several clinical, treatment and dosimetric variables were evaluated for their effect on BPFS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the entire group, the actuarial 8-year BPFS was 96%; for low- (57 men), intermediate- (47) and high- (four) risk patients, the BPFS rates were 96%, 100% and three of four, respectively. For biochemically disease-free patients, the median PSA level after treatment was 0.05 ng/mL. In a multivariate analysis, only pretreatment PSA level predicted biochemical control, while dosimetry variables after treatment were almost statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hormone-naive patients aged < or = 54 years have a high probability of a good 8-year BPFS after permanent interstitial brachytherapy with or without supplemental EBRT.
authors.affiliation: Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, WV 26003-6300, USA. gmerrick@urologicresearchinstitute.org
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: Kent E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: Wayne M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Galbreath
authors.forename: Zachariah A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adamovich
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: True
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007554:Isotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007554:Isotopes; D010165:Palladium; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen