title: Biomechanical comparison of traditional and locked suture configurations for arthroscopic repairs of the rotator cuff.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal suture configuration for arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs is controversial. "Locked" suture configurations, which use a combination of simple and transverse suture loops, have demonstrated better fixation strength than have traditional simple and horizontal mattress techniques.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare traditional arthroscopic suture configurations to locked arthroscopic configurations in ability to resist gap formation under cyclic loading.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crescent-shaped defects were created at the infraspinatus tendon insertion in 32 bovine shoulders. Four arthroscopic suture configurations were tested (8 specimens in each group): simple (group 1), horizontal mattress (group 2), locked mattress (group 3), and locked inverted mattress (group 4). A metal corkscrew suture anchor doubly loaded with No. 2 Fiberwire suture was used for the repairs. A cyclic loading protocol with application of forces from 10 to 180 N for a maximum of 2,500 cycles was used. The number of cycles required to form gaps of 5 mm and 10 mm was recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The locked mattress configuration (group 3) outperformed all other groups in resisting 5-mm gap formation (P < .0001), requiring a mean of 628 cycles in comparison to 65, 193, and 197 cycles for groups 1, 2, and 4, respectively. Both locked configurations (groups 3 and 4) were superior to traditional simple and horizontal mattress configurations in resisting 10-mm gap formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The locked mattress suturing technique (group 3) provided the most secure tendon fixation of all arthroscopic configurations tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of locked suture configurations for arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs may enhance tendon fixation and limit gap formation in the early postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Congress Medical Associates, Inc, Pasadena, California, USA. anil.koganti@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Koganti
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Colin S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.forename: Marilyn M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pink
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shankwiler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy; D002417:Cattle; D023421:Models, Animal; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016474:Weight-Bearing