title: A systematic review of the effect of the Excebrane dialyser on biomarkers of lipid peroxidation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is prevalent in dialysis patients and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and anaemia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of Excebrane, a vitamin E-coated cellulose-based dialyser, on circulating biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, as surrogate markers of oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary sources used to identify candidate studies included PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, a bibliography provided by the dialyser manufacturer, and a manual search of abstracts from proceedings of scientific meetings and review articles. Studies were selected for analysis if their design included a comparator group (primarily within patient comparison, i.e. pre- and post-study evaluations). For the meta-analysis, we computed the overall change of the outcome from baseline using a random-effects model. A supplemental analysis was performed in which the absolute levels of these biomarkers of lipid peroxidation were converted to a common unit by calculating standardized effect sizes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen peer-reviewed articles met the criteria. The studies consisted of 11 single arm, one randomized crossover and two randomized controlled trials, with a total of 37 to 158 evaluable patients, according to the outcome of interest analysed. Due to the paucity of randomized trials, the meta-analysis was limited to the Excebrane arm of each study. When the studies were combined according to similar measurement units, the overall mean decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level was -0.3 mM (95% CI, -0.5 to -0.1 mM; seven studies) and -0.8 nmol/mg low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (95% CI, -1.3 to -0.4 nmol/mg LDL; three studies), respectively. The summary estimate revealed a non-significant decrease in pre-dialysis thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level of 0.4 microM (95% CI, -1.2 to 0.4 microM; three studies). When the MDA and TBARS studies were combined using the standardized effect size, the mean decrease in these biomarkers of lipid peroxidation was statistically significant at -1.7 units (95% CI, -2.7, -0.7 units; 13 studies). A meta-analysis on the effect of Excebrane on pre-dialysis levels of oxidized-LDL could not be performed due to study heterogeneity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conversion of dialysis patients to a vitamin E-coated dialyser is associated with an improvement in circulating biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, which is of potential clinical benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA.
authors.forename: Marie Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sosa
authors.forename: Ethan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Balk
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Orfeas
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Liangos
authors.forename: Vaidyanathapuram S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Nicolaos E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Madias
authors.forename: Brian J G
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Bertrand L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Jaber
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D039781:PubMed; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde