title: The thermo-expandable metallic stent for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically review published reports of the safety, effectiveness and durability of a self-expanding metallic prostatic stent (Memokath, Engineers & Doctors A/S Ltd., Denmark) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who are unfit for surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched the Medline and Embase databases from 1992. The reference lists of included studies and the bibliographies of review articles were also searched. We contacted the manufacturer of Memokath for additional information. The primary outcomes were treatment failure (stent removal, replacement or repositioning) and urological symptom scores. Secondary outcomes were urodynamic indices and minor complications. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of the studies and extracted data. Data were synthesized using narrative techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 14 case series described the use of the Memokath stent in 839 men with BPH. All patients were at high operative risk. Most studies were of poor quality with an inadequate follow-up. Treatment failure rates were 0-48% but the duration of follow-up was often unclear. Five studies reported International Prostate Symptom Scores and found reductions of 11-19 points after stent insertion. All seven studies that reported on maximum urinary flow rates found that these increased, and the four that described residual urine volumes found that these decreased. Minor complications were inconsistently reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Memokath stent can provide an effective treatment for BPH in men at high operative risk; it also appears to be safe, but inadequate follow-up does not allow firm conclusions on stent durability.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Effectiveness Unit, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK. jarmitage@rcseng.ac.uk
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Armitage
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashidian
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cathcart
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emberton
authors.forename: Jan H P
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Meulen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000601:surgery*; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008670:Metals