title: Racial differences are seen in blood pressure response to fosinopril in hypertensive children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few antihypertensive therapies have been systematically studied in children and dosages for many agents are either extrapolated from adult studies or obtained from small homogenous pediatric populations. It is well established that adult patients of different races show disparate response to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, however no such studies have been performed in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred fifty three children ages 6-16 with hypertension or with high normal blood pressure with an associated medical condition requiring antihypertensive therapy were enrolled at 78 clinical sites in the US, Russia, and Israel in a double blind study to evaluate the efficacy of fosinopril compared to placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The racial composition of the cohort included 60.1% white (152/253), 20.6% black (52/253), 13.8% Hispanic (35/253), 2.0% Asian (5/253), 0.4% Native American (1/253), and 3.2% (8/253) children classified as other or of mixed race. After adjusting for baseline blood pressure and body surface area (BSA) there was no significant dose response seen in non-black patients. Non-blacks randomized to the low, medium, and high dosages of fosinopril all had a mean decrease of 12 mm Hg in their sequential systolic BP (SBP). Blacks, however, demonstrated a significant dose response to fosinopril; those who received the low dosage had a 5 mm Hg decrease in SBP, and those who received the high dosage had a mean 13 mm Hg decrease in SBP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fosinopril was effective in treating hypertension, but black children required a higher dose per body weight in order to achieve adequate control. This suggests that black children treated with fosinopril for hypertension on average require higher doses to achieve adequate systolic blood pressure control that non-black children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. sharad.menon@duke.edu
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Katherine Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Berezny
authors.forename: Rakhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kilaru
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Lydie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hazan
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Portman
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deitchman
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Califf
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D017328:Fosinopril / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017328:Fosinopril