A potential molecular mechanism for hypersensitivity caused by formalin-inactivated vaccines.
Heat, oxidation and exposure to aldehydes create reactive carbonyl groups on proteins, targeting antigens to scavenger receptors. Formaldehyde is widely used in making vaccines, but has been associated with atypical enhanced disease during subsequent infection with paramyxoviruses. We show that carbonyl groups on formaldehyde-treated vaccine antigens boost T helper type 2 (T(H)2) responses and enhance respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in mice, an effect partially reversible by chemical reduction of carbonyl groups.
Moghaddam
Amin
A
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, The University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
Olszewska
Wieslawa
W
Wang
Belinda
B
Tregoning
John S
JS
Helson
Rebecca
R
Sattentau
Quentin J
QJ
Openshaw
Peter J M
PJ
D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007114:Immunization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D015848:Interleukin-5; D022261:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin