title: Endoscopic nasal and anterior craniotomy resection for malignant nasoethmoid tumors involving the anterior skull base.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The traditional approach to sinonasal tumors involving the skull base has been the anterior craniofacial resection. The first report by Ketcham et al (American Journal of Surgery, 1963;106:698-703) documented their experience with 17 anterior craniofacial resections for malignant tumors of the sinonasal tract. Later experience with this technique at several centers has resulted in the publication of many refinements of technique and further reduction in the morbidity and mortality associated with this procedure. In our hands, endoscopic techniques have allowed us to approach the intranasal aspect of skull base lesions without external incisions and yet still achieve an en bloc resection. The type of lesions suitable for this approach and the associated technical issues are discussed in this article.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1999 and 2004, 18 patients with malignant nasoethmoid tumors underwent endoscopic nasal and anterior craniotomy resections. The average age of the patients 60.2 years, with a male-to-female distribution of 15 to 3. Mean follow-up period was 25.1 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients died from postoperative complications, three died from recurrent disease and two from unrelated causes. Eleven patients are free of disease with a mean survival of 19.8 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we do not consider this approach a replacement for the traditional anterior craniofacial resection, it is an important adjunct in the skull base surgeon's armamentarium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ospedale di Circolo, Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Castelnuovo
authors.forename: Evaristo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Belli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bignami
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sberze
authors.forename: Giustino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomei