title: Mismatch repair and treatment resistance in ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of ovarian cancer is hindered by intrinsic or acquired resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of mismatch repair (MMR) inactivation in ovarian cancer and its association with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined, microsatellite instability (MSI) as a marker for MMR inactivation (analysis of BAT25 and BAT26), MLH1 promoter methylation status (methylation specific PCR on bisulfite treated DNA) and mRNA expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH3, MSH6 and PMS2 (quantitative RT-PCR) in 75 ovarian carcinomas and eight ovarian cancer cell lines
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSI was detected in three of the eight cell lines i.e. A2780 (no MLH1 mRNA expression due to promoter methylation), SKOV3 (no MLH1 mRNA expression) and 2774 (no altered expression of MMR genes). Overall, there was no association between cisplatin response and MMR status in these eight cell lines. Seven of the 75 ovarian carcinomas showed MLH1 promoter methylation, however, none of these showed MSI. Forty-six of these patients received platinum-based chemotherapy (11 non-responders, 34 responders, one unknown response). The resistance seen in the eleven non-responders was not related to MSI and therefore also not to MMR inactivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No MMR inactivation was detected in 75 ovarian carcinoma specimens and no association was seen between MMR inactivation and resistance in the ovarian cancer cell lines as well as the ovarian carcinomas. In the discussion, the results were compared to that of twenty similar studies in the literature including in total 1315 ovarian cancer patients. Although no association between response and MMR status was seen in the primary tumor the possible role of MMR inactivation in acquired resistance deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC/Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.helleman@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Jozien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helleman
authors.forename: Iris L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: van Staveren
authors.forename: Winand N M
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Dinjens
authors.forename: Patricia F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: van Kuijk
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ritstier
authors.forename: Patricia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: Maria E L
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: van der Burg
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoter
authors.forename: Els M J J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Berns
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C094934:PMS2 protein, human; D000070976:Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes