title: Reporting and evaluation of HIV-related clinical endpoints in two multicenter international clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The processes for reporting and review of progression of HIV disease clinical endpoints are described for two large phase III international clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  SILCAAT and ESPRIT are multicenter randomized HIV trials evaluating the impact of interleukin-2 on disease progression and death in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. We report definitions used for HIV progression of disease endpoints, procedures for site reporting of such events, processes for independent review of reported events by an Endpoint Review Committee (ERC), and the procedure for adjudication of differences of opinion between reviewers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 473 events reported through May 1, 2006, 28% were judged by an ERC to meet "confirmed" criteria and 38% to meet "probable" criteria; 34% were classified "does not meet criteria." For diseases with >5 case reports, the proportion accepted as either "confirmed" or "probable" events was highest for cervical cancer (100%), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (88%), cryptococcosis (82%), and cryptosporidiosis (80%) and was lowest for HIV encephalopathy (25%), HIV wasting syndrome (33%), and multidermatomal herpes zoster (35%). 25% of cases required adjudication between reviewers before diagnostic certainty was assigned.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Important requirements for HIV trials using clinical endpoints include objective definitions of "confirmed" and "probable," a formal reporting process with adequate information and supporting source documentation, evaluation by independent blinded reviewers, and procedures for adjudication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. lifso001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lifson
authors.forename: Frank S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Rhame
authors.forename: Waldo H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Belloso
authors.forename: Ulrik B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Dragsted
authors.forename: Wafaa M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: El-Sadr
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatell
authors.forename: Jennifer F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hoy
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Court
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pett
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Davey
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D018450:Disease Progression; D023381:Endpoint Determination / Q000379:methods; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic / Q000592:standards; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2