title: R-Ras promotes metastasis of cervical cancer epithelial cells.
abstract: Mutations in the small GTPase R-Ras that promote constitutive activation of this signaling molecule have been observed in a variety of invasive cancer cell types. We previously reported that expression of an oncogenic form of R-Ras (R-Ras87L) in a cell line of cervical cancer (C33A cells) augments cell growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Because increased tumorigenicity in vivo often precedes metastasis, we now examined whether the expression of R-Ras87L also increased the metastatic potential of C33A cells. Accelerated tumor growth was observed in athymic mice after subcutaneous injection of R-Ras87L-expressing C33A cells. In addition, increased metastasis to the liver, in immunodeficient SCID mice, was observed after intravenous injection of R-Ras87L-expressing C33A cells. Also, R-Ras87L-expressing cells presented decreased membrane expression of MHC class I molecules, and beta1 integrins, but increased levels of PI 3-K and Akt activities. C33A cells expressing R-Ras87L also migrated more over collagen I in wound assays. Inhibition of the PI 3-K/Akt/mTOR pathway by pharmacological means blocked R-Ras87L-induced accelerated growth and migration over collagen I. These results suggest oncogenic R-Ras has a central role in cancer progression towards a metastatic phenotype, through the activation of the PI 3-K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70228, Cd. Universitaria, México City 04510, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosales
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009154:Mutation; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; C085929:RRAS protein, human