title: The role of sialomucin CD164 (MGC-24v or endolyn) in prostate cancer metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chemokine stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1 or CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 have been demonstrated to be crucial for the homing of stem cells and prostate cancers to the marrow. While screening prostate cancers for CXCL12-responsive adhesion molecules, we identified CD164 (MGC-24) as a potential regulator of homing. CD164 is known to function as a receptor that regulates stem cell localization to the bone marrow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using prostate cancer cell lines, it was demonstrated that CXCL12 induced both the expression of CD164 mRNA and protein. Functional studies demonstrated that blocking CD164 on prostate cancer cell lines reduced the ability of these cells to adhere to human bone marrow endothelial cells, and invade into extracellular matrices. Human tissue microarrays stained for CD164 demonstrated a positive correlation with prostate-specific antigen levels, while its expression was negatively correlated with the expression of androgen receptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that CD164 may participate in the localization of prostate cancer cells to the marrow and is further evidence that tumor metastasis and hematopoietic stem cell trafficking may involve similar processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078, USA. havensa@umich.edu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Havens
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bühring
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pienta
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taichman
mesh_terms: D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000556:secondary*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000502:physiology; D051930:Endolyn / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D051930:Endolyn; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen