title: k-Space image correlation spectroscopy: a method for accurate transport measurements independent of fluorophore photophysics.
abstract: We present the theory and application of reciprocal space image correlation spectroscopy (kICS). This technique measures the number density, diffusion coefficient, and velocity of fluorescently labeled macromolecules in a cell membrane imaged on a confocal, two-photon, or total internal reflection fluorescence microscope. In contrast to r-space correlation techniques, we show kICS can recover accurate dynamics even in the presence of complex fluorophore photobleaching and/or "blinking". Furthermore, these quantities can be calculated without nonlinear curve fitting, or any knowledge of the beam radius of the exciting laser. The number densities calculated by kICS are less sensitive to spatial inhomogeneity of the fluorophore distribution than densities measured using image correlation spectroscopy. We use simulations as a proof-of-principle to show that number densities and transport coefficients can be extracted using this technique. We present calibration measurements with fluorescent microspheres imaged on a confocal microscope, which recover Stokes-Einstein diffusion coefficients, and flow velocities that agree with single particle tracking measurements. We also show the application of kICS to measurements of the transport dynamics of alpha5-integrin/enhanced green fluorescent protein constructs in a transfected CHO cell imaged on a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope using charge-coupled device area detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6, Canada.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kolin
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ronis
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wiseman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004058:Diffusion; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039482:Integrin alpha5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008863:Microspheres; D038761:Photobleaching; D021381:Protein Transport; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D039482:Integrin alpha5; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins