title: Genetic biomarkers for migraine.
abstract: Biomarkers are physical signs or laboratory measurements that occur in association with a pathological process and have putative diagnostic and/or prognostic utility. In migraine, clinical, radiological, and biochemical biomarkers might be helpful to improve diagnosis, get insight in pathophysiology, and facilitate treatment choices. Genetic biomarkers are defined as genetic variations (mutations or polymorphisms) that can predict disease susceptibility, disease outcome, or treatment response. As yet, only a few genetic biomarkers for migraine are available. Mutations in 3 different genes responsible for familial hemiplegic migraine, a monogenetic subtype of migraine with aura, and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in common forms of migraine are clear examples. Many positive findings from linkage studies and association studies in common forms of migraine have not been replicated, and are therefore of less clinical use. In this review, we will discuss genetic biomarkers in migraine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boukje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Vries
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haan
authors.forename: Rune R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Frants
authors.forename: Arn M J M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Van den Maagdenberg
authors.forename: Michel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D062550:NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000235:genetics; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D062550:NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015222:Sodium Channels; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; C105656:CACNA1A protein, human; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; C568242:SCN1A protein, human; C498531:ATP1A2 protein, human