title: Increased extravasation of macromolecules in skeletal muscles of the Zucker rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assess whether changes in permeability of the muscle regional microcirculation occur in the obese Zucker rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Capillary permeability to albumin was assessed in vivo in Zucker rats (n = 15) and lean controls (n = 15) by quantifying the extravasation of albumin-bound Evans Blue (EB) in different organs. Unanaesthetized animals were injected with EB 20 mg/kg in the caudal vein, and EB was extracted by formamide from selected organs collected after exsanguination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to control animals, Zucker rats had higher body weight (Delta = +33%; p < 0.001), plasma triglycerides (Delta = +244%; p < 0.001), and insulin (Delta = +240%; p < 0.001) concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations were not different between the two groups (p = not significant). Using the EB technique, we showed a 30% to 50% (p < 0.01) increase in the extravasation of EB in the obese rats, regardless of the skeletal muscle group studied. This increase in skeletal muscle vasopermeability was not paralleled by any increase in the expression of the muscle endothelium-nitric oxide (NO) system because the total NO synthase (NOS) activity in skeletal muscle of the obese Zucker rat was significantly lower (p < 0.001), as was the endothelial NOS immunoreactive mass (p < 0.001), compared with lean controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, there seems to be dissociation between capillary permeability and local regulation of microcirculation in skeletal muscles of the obese Zucker rat. It is suggested that the increase in skeletal muscle vasopermeability (extravasation of macromolecules) is a compensation for the loss of NO-dependent vasodilation and capillary recruitment noted in this model of obesity and insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: St-Pierre
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bouffard
authors.forename: Marie-Eve
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Papirakis
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maheux
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005070:Evans Blue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D009573:Nitrites; D014280:Triglycerides; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005070:Evans Blue; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase