A place for fiber diffraction in the detection of breast cancer?
OBJECTIVE
To review the potential relevance and the place that a particular change in the fiber diffraction of hair might have in the future management of breast cancer and other pathologies.


METHODS
A comprehensive overview was obtained using a complete search of the Australian National University Library (data range) and Medline (data range) using the search terms "review breast cancer screening/diagnosis/detection" and "X-ray diffraction of hair". Publications in the past 5 years were selected but older reports that were commonly referenced were not excluded.


RESULTS
To date, our results have demonstrated that a specific change occurs in the diffraction pattern of hair for persons with breast cancer. Further research has shown that this change is present in the hair at an earlier stage of the cancer growth than is detectable by mammography. In addition, the change has been found to disappear when the cancer has been successfully removed.


CONCLUSIONS
This technology uses only a few hairs, is totally user-friendly, non-invasive and does not require the patient to be exposed to any radiation. As a low-risk procedure, it could potentially provide a much needed, cost-effective early screening test for the presence of breast cancer in women of any age. As the patients are not required to be present during the test, it could also provide a testing service for women in remote areas. In this review, the origin of the diffraction pattern and the diagnostic information that can be gleaned from it are outlined.
James
Veronica J
VJ
Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Veronica.James@anu.edu.au
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017356:Synchrotrons; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D007633:Keratins