title: Local recurrence after mastectomy for breast cancer: analysis of clinicopathological, biological and prognostic characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the increasing use of breast-conserving therapy, modified radical mastectomy retains an important role in primary as well as in salvage treatment of breast cancer. Nevertheless, a significant number of patients will eventually develop a local recurrence (LR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the potential prognostic factors at the time of the first isolated LR, and to compare the expression of several parameters of the molecular biology of breast carcinomas by primary tumors and paired isolated LRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the medical records from 1,087 women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer, out of which 98 developed LRs as the first manifestation of tumor progression. We investigated the prognostic value of various classical prognostic factors, at the time of mastectomy as well as when the diagnosis of LR was made. In addition, by using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical techniques, we analyzed the expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and androgen receptors (AR), ki67, p53, c-erbB-2 and apolipoprotein D in primary tumors and paired isolated LRs from a subset of patients (n = 25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who developed distant metastases as well as patients with local recurrent disease showed a significantly higher percentage of larger tumors, node-positive status and higher tumoral grade than patients without evidence of tumoral recurrence. Furthermore, patients with LR had a better outcome compared with those with distant metastases, although the former received less frequently adjuvant systemic therapy and/or radiotherapy. Tumor size, histological grade, ER and PR status, and a shorter disease-free interval (<12 months) were significantly associated with overall survival amongst mastectomized patients that developed isolated LR. There was a significant concordance between primary tumors and LRs regarding the expression of the following factors: ER, PR and p53. However, we were not able to demonstrate similar findings for AR, c-erbB-2 and ki67. In addition, ER, PR and p53 status in the LRs were significantly associated with a poorer overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on classical clinicopathological factors as well as on some new biological parameters we have been able to identify subgroups of mastectomized patients with LR differing in their prognosis. Thus, at the present time it would be possible to select group of patients candidates for further and individualized therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital de Cabueñes, Avda. Eduardo Castro s/n, 33290 Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carreño
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Del Casar
authors.forename: Ma Daniela
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Corte
authors.forename: Luis O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bongera
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obregón
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vizoso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone