title: Association of low-grade urinary albumin excretion with left ventricular hypertrophy in the general population: the MONICA/KORA Augsburg Echocardiographic Substudy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Even mild renal dysfunction is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity. We investigated whether sub-threshold microalbuminuria or mildly decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are related to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) served to determine albuminuria, eGFR was estimated using modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula, and LV geometry was assessed echocardiographically in the third MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease/Cooperative Health Research in the Augsburg Area (MONICA/KORA) Augsburg survey (n = 1187).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of LVH increased in parallel with UACR. Compared with the first tertile of this normal population, the age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, gender and diabetes adjusted odds ratio (OR) for LVH was elevated already in the second (4.32-8.75 mg/g in men; 4.60-9.48 mg/g in women; OR: 2.10, P = 0.001) as well as in the third UACR-tertile (> or =8.76 mg/g in men; > or =9.49 mg/g in women; OR: 1.63, P = 0.035). Likewise, adjusted SBP increased with UACR-tertiles [129 vs 132 (P = 0.036) and 137 mmHg (P < 0.001) in the first, second and third tertile, respectively], whereas diastolic blood pressure was significantly elevated only in the third UACR-tertile [79 vs 80 and 81 mmHg (P = 0.002) in the tertiles, respectively]. In contrast, tertiles of eGFR or mildly impaired eGFR (<90 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) were not associated with the prevalence of LVH in multivariate models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the general population level, even low-grade albuminuria is associated with LVH. Thus, the conventional UACR-threshold of microalbuminuria (30 mg/g) may be too conservative given that end organ damage such as LVH is observed with increased frequency at much lower levels.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lieb
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stritzke
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doering
authors.forename: Hans-Werner
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hense
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loewel
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine