title: Driving impairment in depressed patients receiving long-term antidepressant treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is a common mental disorder with cognitive deficits, but little information is available on the effects of antidepressant treatment on driving performance in depressed patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assessing actual driving performance and cognition of depressed patients receiving long-term antidepressant treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance was assessed in depressed patients receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin and noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) treatment for 6-52 weeks and in matched healthy controls by means of two standardised on-the-road driving tests and laboratory tests of cognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed poorer driving performance as indicated by a higher standard deviation of lateral position or 'weaving motion' in medicated patients relative to controls. Time to speed adaptation and critical flicker fusion threshold were also impaired in medicated patients. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores in medicated patients were significantly higher as compared to that of controls. No other significant results between the two groups were demonstrated on the variables of the driving tests and laboratory tests of cognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The depressed patients receiving long-term treatment with SSRI- and SNRI-type antidepressants show impaired driving performance. This impairment in driving performance can probably be attributed to residual depressive symptoms instead of the antidepressant treatment.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Brain and Behaviour Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands. m.wingen@psychology.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wingen
authors.forename: Johannes G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ramaekers
authors.forename: Jeroen A J
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005425:Flicker Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors