title: The treatment of venous thromboembolism in special populations.
abstract: Anticoagulant therapy for the typical venous thromboembolism patient is straightforward with predictably favorable outcomes. However, for certain patients with venous thromboembolism, there remains uncertainty and controversy about optimal treatment. These controversial areas include venous thromboembolism patients with: heparin resistance, renal insufficiency, morbid obesity, cancer, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, recurrent thrombosis despite appropriate anticoagulation, and patients with unprovoked VTE who may or may not benefit from thrombophilia testing. This review summarizes the current data for these special patient populations with venous thromboembolism and provides our recommendations for management.
authors.affiliation: The University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. matthew.rondina@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rondina
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Pendleton
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rodgers
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin