title: Trauma and dissociation in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to determine whether pathological dissociation occurs in China, the authors conducted a survey among psychiatric inpatients, outpatients, and the general population in Shanghai, China. There is virtually no popular or professional knowledge of dissociative identity disorder in China, and therefore professional and popular contamination cannot exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese versions of the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule were administered to 423 inpatients, 304 outpatients, and 618 factory workers in Shanghai by Chinese psychiatrists working at the Shanghai Mental Health Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dissociative disorders were diagnosed in 24 respondents by structured interview, and 15 respondents fell into the dissociative taxon on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. The outpatients reported the highest rates of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse and of pathological dissociation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathological dissociation can be detected readily among psychiatric outpatients in China but is much less common in the general population. Pathological dissociation is more frequent in more traumatized subsamples of the Chinese population. The findings are not consistent with the sociocognitive, contamination, or iatrogenic models of dissociative identity disorder.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Mental Health Center, China.
authors.forename: Zeping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Heqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Haiyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Benjamin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Keyes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D003469:Culture; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009105:Dissociative Identity Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data