title: Prospective study of incidence and severity of epiphora and canalicular stenosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving docetaxel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and severity of epiphora and canalicular stenosis in patients receiving docetaxel weekly or every 3 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective trial, each patient underwent an ophthalmologic examination and probing and irrigation of the lacrimal drainage apparatus at baseline and every 4 to 6 weeks after initiation of docetaxel. During each visit, epiphora and canalicular stenosis were graded. Patients with epiphora were treated with tobramycin and dexamethasone drops. If epiphora worsened or if findings on probing and irrigation suggested further canalicular narrowing, silicone intubation was offered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients received docetaxel weekly, and 28 patients received docetaxel every 3 weeks. Eighteen patients (64%) who received weekly docetaxel developed epiphora. Epiphora was mild in seven patients, moderate in five, and severe in six. Nine patients had resolution of epiphora with tobramycin and dexamethasone administration. Nine patients had worsened canalicular stenosis; six underwent surgery. The median cumulative docetaxel dose was 496.5 mg at onset of epiphora and 889.5 mg at surgery. Eleven patients (39%) who received docetaxel every 3 weeks developed epiphora. The median cumulative docetaxel dose at onset of epiphora in this group was 420 mg. Epiphora was mild in nine patients, moderate in one, and severe in one. Nine patients had resolution of epiphora with tobramycin and dexamethasone administration. Two patients underwent surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epiphora occurred in 64% of patients in the weekly group and in 39% of patients in the every-3-weeks group. Moderate or severe canalicular stenosis was seen in about one-third of patients in the weekly group and in none of the patients in the every-3-weeks group.
authors.affiliation: Section of Ophthalmology, Division of Pharmacy, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. besmaeli@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Esmaeli
authors.forename: Sapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Rosnie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adinin
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arbuckle
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banay
authors.forename: Kim-Anh
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Edgardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rivera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel