title: Critical dependence of acetate thermal mattress on gel activation temperature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sodium acetate gel mattresses provide an active method of warming patients through release of latent heat of crystallisation. They can be used as an adjunct to incubator care or as an exclusive heat source.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine activation temperatures of the Transwarmer mattress needed to achieve plateau temperatures of 38-42 degrees C.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro testing of mattress temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transwarmer mattresses were activated at initial temperatures ranging from 5 to 40 degrees C. Mattress temperature was recorded up to 4 h to determine peak and plateau temperatures. Peak and plateau temperatures achieved by the mattress were related to the initial starting temperature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The starting temperature of the mattress was strongly correlated with peak and plateau temperature (r = 0.99, p<0.001). To achieve the target temperature of 38-42 degrees C, the Transwarmer mattress requires activation between 19.2 degrees C and 28.3 degrees C. A temperature of 37 degrees C could be generated by activation at 17 degrees C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Safe use of this device is critically dependent on gel temperature at the point of activation. To ensure warming of a hypothermic neonatal patient without running any risk of burns, the mattress should be activated with a gel temperature between 19 degrees C and 28 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Transfer Service for London, Barts and the London NHS Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Kempley
mesh_terms: D001513:Beds; D004867:Equipment Design; D005782:Gels; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007186:Incubators, Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019346:Sodium Acetate
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D019346:Sodium Acetate