The birth of the anti-malaria campaign in Spain during the first 30 years of the 20th century: scientific and social aspects.
The relations between the scientific and the social domains in the particular case of malaria had developed at three levels. The first one operates around the transformation of malaria into an escapable disease and the combined efforts of parasitology and entomology are mixed with the growing development of the concept of social medicine. The second one deals with the rhythm and the content of the measures taken to fight the disease in each concerned country; in that case, very peculiar site-time coordinates ask precise questions. At the same level can be placed the differences in the campaigns led against malaria in colonies and in the mainland, differences that it would be misleading to approach on the sole side of social determinism. Finally the third level corresponds to the complexity of the relationships between the international and the local domains, as present from the birth of "Office International d'Hygiène de la Société des Nations" and the involvement of the Rockefeller Foundation where two strategic positions can be detected opposing people minoring problems and those seeking for eradication, who indeed were opponents at the level of the scientific direction, but also originate within the socio-professional boundary of the members of each group, respectively.
Rodríguez-Ocaña
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University of Granada, Spain. erodrig@ugr.es
D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology; D005582:Foundations / Q000266:history / Q000458:organization & administration; D006291:Health Policy / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D007390:International Agencies / Q000266:history / Q000458:organization & administration; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods; D010274:Parasitology / Q000266:history*; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history; D012922:Social Change; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology