title: Nurse discharge planning in the emergency department: a Toowoomba, Australia, study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to ascertain whether a model of risk screening carried out by an experienced community nurse was effective in decreasing re-presentations and readmissions and the length of stay of older people presenting to an Australian emergency department.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the study were to (i) identify all older people who presented to the emergency department of an Australian regional hospital; (ii) identify the proportion of re-presentations and readmissions within this cohort of patients; and (iii) risk-screen all older patients and provide referrals when necessary to community services.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved the application of a risk screening tool to 2,139 men and women over 70 years of age from October 2002 to June 2003. Of these, 1,102 (51.5%) were admitted and 246 (11.5%) were re-presentations with the same illness. Patients presenting from Monday to Friday from 08:00 to 16:00 hours were risk-screened face to face in the emergency department. Outside of these hours, but within 72 hours of presentation, risk screening was carried out by telephone if the patient was discharged or within the ward if the patient had been admitted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a 16% decrease in the re-presentation rate of people over 70 years of age to the emergency department. Additionally during this time there was a 5.5% decrease in the readmission rate (this decrease did not reach significance). There was a decrease in the average length of stay in hospital from 6.17 days per patient in October 2002 to 5.37 days per patient in June 2003. An unexpected finding was the decrease in re-presentations in people who represented to the emergency department three or more times per month (known as 'frequent flyers').
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risk screening of older people in the emergency department by a specialist community nurse resulted in a decrease of re-presentations to the emergency department. There was some evidence of a decreased length of stay. It is suggested that the decrease in re-presentations was the result of increased referral and use of community services. It appears that the use of a specialist community nurse to undertake risk screening rather than the triage nurse may impact on service utilization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is apparent that older people presenting to the emergency department have complex care needs. Undertaking risk screening using an experienced community nurse to ascertain the correct level of community assistance required and ensuring speedy referral to appropriate community services has positive outcomes for both the hospital and the patient.
authors.affiliation: University of Queensland, University of Southern Queensland and Toowoomba Health Service, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia. hegney@usq.edu.au
authors.forename: Desley
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hegney
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buikstra
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cope
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fallon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003663:Decision Trees; D016529:Emergency Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration; D016294:Models, Nursing; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009737:Nursing Records; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000592:standards*; D010359:Patient Readmission; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011793:Queensland; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration*