title: Long-term outcome after pulmonary retransplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome has become the most limiting factor for long-term outcome after lung transplantation. Redo lung transplantation was performed for end-stage bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Long-term outcome was compared with that after primary lung transplantation as well as with other indications for retransplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 614 lung transplantation procedures performed at our institution, 54 (8.5%) were redo transplants. These were stratified into different groups according to the indication for redo transplantation, including chronic graft failure/bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, acute graft failure, and posttransplantation airway complications. Long-term survival was compared with that of the primary lung transplantation cohort, thereby respecting the need for pretransplant mechanical ventilatory support in a subanalysis. In addition, recurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after redo lung transplantation was compared with the occurrence of bronchiolitis obliterans after primary transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 1-year survival of 50% was achieved after redo lung transplantation for acute graft failure and airway complications as well as after primary lung transplantation in patients with pretransplant ventilatory support. Retransplantation for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome revealed superior 1- (78%) and 5-year (62%) survivals, which were not different from those of first-time lung transplant recipients. In addition, we found a similar incidence of bronchiolitis syndrome after retransplantation for BOS compared with its occurrence after primary lung transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Redo lung transplantation for end-stage bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome leads to acceptable long-term outcome in selected patients. Future analyses of redo lung transplantation data should generally stratify bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome from other indications with higher mortality.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Thoracic Transplant Program, Division of Thoracic- and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. strueber@thg.mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strueber
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
authors.forename: Andre R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goerler
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gohrbandt
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Welte
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012086:Reoperation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome