title: BRCA1-IRIS regulates cyclin D1 expression in breast cancer cells.
abstract: The regulator of cell cycle progression, cyclin D1, is up-regulated in breast cancer cells; its expression is, in part, dependent on ERalpha signaling. However, many ERalpha-negative tumors and tumor cell lines (e.g., SKBR3) also show over-expression of cyclin D1. This suggests that, in addition to ERalpha signaling, cyclin D1 expression is under the control of other signaling pathways; these pathways may even be over-expressed in the ERalpha-negative cells. We previously noticed that both ERalpha-positive and -negative cell lines over-express BRCA1-IRIS mRNA and protein. Furthermore, the level of over-expression of BRCA1-IRIS in ERalpha-negative cell lines even exceeded its over-expression level in ERalpha-positive cell lines. In this study, we show that: (1) BRCA1-IRIS forms complex with two of the nuclear receptor co-activators, namely, SRC1 and SRC3 (AIB1) in an ERalpha-independent manner. (2) BRCA1-IRIS alone, or in connection with co-activators, is recruited to the cyclin D1 promoter through its binding to c-Jun/AP1 complex; this binding activates the cyclin D1 expression. (3) Over-expression of BRCA1-IRIS in breast cells over-activates JNK/c-Jun; this leads to the induction of cyclin D1 expression and cellular proliferation. (4) BRCA1-IRIS activation of JNK/c-Jun/AP1 appears to account for this, because in cells that were depleted from BRCA1-IRIS, JNK remained inactive. However, depletion of SRC1 or SRC3 instead reduced c-Jun expression. Our data suggest that this novel signaling pathway links BRCA1-IRIS to cellular proliferation through c-Jun/AP1 nuclear pathway; finally, this culminates in the increased expression of the cyclin D1 gene.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Enkeleda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakuci
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahner
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Direnzo
authors.forename: Wael M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: ElShamy
mesh_terms: D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D015534:Trans-Activators; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D019938:Cyclin D1; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases