The quality of life among persons with severe mental illness enrolled in an assertive community treatment program in Japan: 1-year follow-up and analyses.
BACKGROUND
Toward effective community care for persons with severe mental illness and deinstitutionalization in Japan, we assessed the impact of the first trial of an assertive community treatment program on the lives and subjective perceptions of persons with mental illness without closing hospitals.


METHODS
Forty-three subjects were enrolled from the newly admitted patients of a hospital, who met our criteria of problematic hospital use, severity of psychiatric disorders, and behavioral problems. The intervention team aimed to intensively support them in various life domains in their communities to decrease clients' admissions. The Quality of Life Interview was administered at baseline and after 12 months. Data were analyzed to assess the pre-post changes in their QOL, and were explained in association with other descriptive variables.


RESULTS
The objective changes included increase in persons whose longest residence in a year were in communities, increase in income, and decrease in family contacts. Most subjective items were not changed except the decrease in satisfaction with family relationships. Satisfaction with family relationships was negatively correlated with hospital days at 1 year follow-up after controlling for symptoms, but was not so at baseline. Also, correlation between satisfaction with family relationships and global well-being was attenuated. A change in the positioning of family by clients and the autonomy of clients were suggested. However, previous studies showed that dissatisfaction with family relationships predicted rehospitalizations independently from symptoms, and our findings suggest our subjects' characteristics and a possible improvement in community-based care.


CONCLUSIONS
Our program predominantly fulfilled the primary goal, but it must be further refined to reflect the detailed characteristics of the target population and resource distribution. Assessing subjective perceptions, or the QOL of clients is useful for evaluating the program localization.
Horiuchi
Kentaro
K
Konodai Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Japan, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Nisihio
Masaaki
M
Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Japan, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Oshima
Iwao
I
Department of Mental Health and Welfare, Graduate School of Social Work, the Japan University of Social Work, 3-1-30 Takeoka, Kiyose City, Tokyo, Japan.
Ito
Junichiro
J
Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Japan, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
Matsuoka
Hiroo
H
Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
Tsukada
Kazumi
K
Konodai Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Japan, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.