title: [Diagnostic difficulties in encephalitis and glioma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glial neoplasms can infiltrate the central nervous system extensively with relative preservation of the underlying neuronal architecture. The differential diagnosis between cerebral glioma and infective lesions can be very difficult to distinguish by MRI only.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 7 year old boy with recurrent vomiting, fever, weakness, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Besides an expressive speech disturbance the neurological examination showed no pathological findings. The sonography revealed discrete hepatomegaly and small pericardial effusion. MRI showed a diffuse mesencephalic and pontine swelling without contrast medium enhancement possibly pointing to an infective lesion. Microbiological, serological and metabolic investigations of blood and CSF were normal. After initial improvement associated with antibiotic, antiviral and dexamethasone treatment the process relapsed progessively. The 1H-MR-spectroscopy showed elevated cholin and decreased N-acetyl-aspartate levels suspicious for a proliferating process. Brain biopsy revealed anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO III). Despite of radiation and chemotherapy the tumordisease deteriorated and the patient died because of progressive brainstem infiltration one year later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report shows that cerebral glioma can mimick infective brain disease and that MR-spectroscopy is an important non-invasive tool in this differential diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemeine Kinderheilkunde, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parbel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vlaho
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hattingen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klingebiel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Böhles
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kieslich
mesh_terms: D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020295:Brain Stem Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis; D003401:Creatine / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D011149:Pons
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline