title: Altered blood coagulation in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, though the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved are elusive. A hypercoagulable state before occurrence of coronary thrombosis contributes to atherosclerosis development. We investigated whether PTSD would be associated with increased coagulation activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured resting plasma levels of clotting factor VII activity (FVII:C), FVIII:C, FXII:C, fibrinogen, and D-dimer in 14 otherwise healthy patients with PTSD and in 14 age- and gender-matched, trauma-exposed non-PTSD controls. Categorical and dimensional diagnoses of PTSD were made using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) interview. We also investigated to what extent the relationship between PTSD and coagulation measures would be confounded by demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, lifestyle variables, time since trauma, and mood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coagulation factor levels did not significantly differ between patients with a categorical diagnosis of PTSD and controls while controlling for covariates. In all subjects, FVIII:C was predicted by hyperarousal severity (beta = 0.46, p = .014) independent of covariates and by overall PTSD symptom severity (beta = 0.38, p = .045); the latter association was of borderline significance when separately controlling for gender, smoking, exercise, and anxiety (p values <.07). In patients, fibrinogen was predicted by hyperarousal severity (beta = 0.70, p = .005) and by overall PTSD symptom severity (beta = 0.61, p = .020), with mood partially affecting these associations. FVII:C, fibrinogen, and D-dimer showed no independent association with PTSD symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD may elicit hypercoagulability, even at subthreshold levels, offering one psychobiological pathway by which posttraumatic stress might contribute to atherosclerosis progression and clinical cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine,Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Berne, Berne, Switzerland. roland.vonkaenel@insel.ch
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Känel
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hepp
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buddeberg
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keel
authors.forename: Ladislav
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mica
authors.forename: Kirstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aschbacher
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schnyder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005167:Factor VII / Q000032:analysis; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D005167:Factor VII; D005169:Factor VIII; D005340:Fibrinogen