New and novel antidotes in pediatrics.
Antidotal therapy can be lifesaving in the management of poisoned children. Although supportive care is sufficient in many cases, a specific antidote can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in a number of poisoning scenarios, and so the pediatric emergency medicine practitioner must be familiar with its indications for use, dosage and administration, and contraindications. A number of new antidotes have emerged in recent years. This review discusses the pediatric uses and limitations of intravenous N-acetylcysteine, octreotide, crotaline Fab antivenom, fomepizole, atropine and pralidoxime autoinjectors and provides some brief discussion on newer antidotes for which data is only starting to emerge.
Calello
Diane P
DP
Division of Emergency Medicine and the Poison Control Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. calello@email.chop.edu
Osterhoudt
Kevin C
KC
Henretig
Fred M
FM
D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000997:Antivenins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D000077604:Fomepizole; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000931:Antidotes; D000997:Antivenins; C431183:Crotalidae Polyvalent immune Fab; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D011720:Pyrazoles; D000077604:Fomepizole; D015282:Octreotide; D000111:Acetylcysteine