title: Comparison in the effect of linear polarized near-infrared light irradiation and light exercise on shoulder joint flexibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at comparing the effect of linear polarized near-infrared light irradiation (PL irradiation) and bicycle exercise with 50%HRreserve on the flexibility of the shoulder joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy young adults (10 males: mean+/-SD, age 20.9+/-3.1 y, height 171.0+/-3.9 cm, body mass 63.4+/-3.5 kg and 14 females: age 21.2+/-1.7 y, height 162.0+/-7.8 cm, body mass 56.2+/-7.2 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  PL-irradiation (100%, 1800 mW), placebo-irradiation (10%,180 mW), and light exercise (50%HRreserve) for 10 minutes. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The shoulder joint angles were measured twice-before and after each intervention. We measured the angles when the right shoulder joint extended forward and flexed backward maximally without support, and analyzed these shoulder joints and range of motion. Trial-to-trial reliability (intraclass correlations) of each joint angle was very high, over 0.98. All joint angles showed significant changes, and values in post-PL-irradiation and postlight exercise were significantly greater than that in postplacebo-irradiation. Shoulder forward flexion and backward extension angles had significantly greater change rates in PL-irradiation and light exercise than placebo-irradiation, and their range of motion angle was in the order of PL-irradiation, light exercise, and placebo-irradiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that PL-irradiation produces almost the same effect on shoulder joint range of motion as light exercise.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Education, Graduate School of Nature Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demura
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Jinzaburo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010789:Phototherapy; D010919:Placebos; D018583:Pliability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos