title: In situ FTIR spectroscopy study of the break-in phenomenon observed for PPy/PVS films in acetonitrile.
abstract: The in situ Fourier transform infrared (in situ FTIR) technique was used for the first time to investigate the break-in phenomenon observed for polypyrrole/poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PPy/PVS) films in acetonitrile containing 0.1 M LiClO(4). Consecutive potential scans provided a continuous increase of the infrared band intensities, simultaneous to an increase observed in the charge involved in the voltammetric peaks, suggesting a rise in the number of the polymeric chains participating in the infrared signal at the same time as the electroactive participants increase in the redox process. Moreover, in situ FTIR spectra evidence that the new infrared-activated chains in each voltammetric cycle adopt the same polymeric structure achieved by the chains activated in the initial cycles. However, if we achieve a cathodic potential limit of -2.1 V (vs Ag/AgCl), a restructuring of the polymeric morphology is observed. In situ FTIR spectra obtained for PPy/ClO(4) films under the same conditions pointed to a steady-state behavior from the very early voltammetric scans. Moreover, the intensities of FTIR bands obtained for PPy/ClO(4) films in the early voltammetric cycles are much higher than those obtained for PPy/PVS films after several potential scans. Only when high cathodic and high anodic potential limits were used for the consecutive cycles did the FTIR band intensities from PPy/PVS become similar to those obtained from PPy/ClO(4), indicating that in both films a similar number of polymeric chains were infrared active. Polarization at a high anodic potential (+1.3 V vs Ag/AgCl) produced overoxidation of the polymer appearing characteristic 1725 cm(-1) band assigned to the formation of carbonyl groups. Furthermore, the approximately 1540 cm(-1) band shifted to higher wavenumbers, indicating that overoxidation reduced the length of conjugated chains in the polypyrrole.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Intelligent Materials and Devices (CEMI), ETSII, Campus de Alfonso XIII, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain. antonioj.fernandez@upct.es
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fernandez Romero
authors.forename: José J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: López Cascales
authors.forename: Toribio F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Otero