title: Effects of intravesical instillation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nerve growth factor in cyclophosphamide-induced overactive bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of intravesical cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced overactive bladder (OAB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, OAB, and COX-2 inhibitor-treated groups. OAB was induced by an intraperitoneal injection with CYP. Cystometry was performed in all rats and, in half of the OAB rats, a COX-2 inhibitor was administered intravesically. The bladders of all rats were stained immunohistochemically for iNOS and NGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the OAB rats, the contraction interval and intercontraction interval were significantly shorter than in control rats, and the contraction time and pressure were significantly greater. In the COX-2 inhibitor-treated rats, the contraction interval and intercontraction interval were significantly longer than in the OAB rats, and the contraction time was significantly shorter. On immunohistochemical staining, there was no iNOS activity and NGF activity was minimally localized in the mucosa and submucosa in the control group. In the OAB rats, NGF activity in the mucosa and submucosa were increased, and there was greater expression of iNOS in all layers and of NGF in detrusor; in the COX-2 inhibitor-treated rats, their expression was less in all layers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravesical instillation with COX-2 inhibitors can reduce CYP-induced bladder hyperactivity and expression of iNOS and NGF. Intravesical instillation with COX-2 inhibitors can be considered as a possible treatment for OAB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seong Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Tae-Kon
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Joon Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II