title: Adherence to a daily flossing regimen in university students: effects of planning when, where, how and what to do in the face of barriers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Regular (daily) dental flossing is recommended for preventing oral diseases, but adherence is unsatisfactory. Social cognitive theory (SCT) specifies determinants of dental flossing: cognitions about risk, positive and negative outcome expectations and the perceived ability to perform behaviour predict motivation, which in turn predicts behaviour. Recent research suggests that motivation alone may not suffice to predict behaviour, and proposes if-then-planning. This study aims to predict flossing adherence from social cognitive variables and planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire data from 157 non-dental university students on flossing, SCT variables and planning were gathered at three measurement points over 6 weeks. Residual floss was used to validate behaviour self-reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social cognitive variables and planning correlated significantly with flossing at all times. Discriminant function analysis suggests that after controlling for Time 1 flossing, planning Time 2 (Wilk's lambda=0.77; p<0.01) is more important in discriminating between adherent and non-adherent participants at Time 3 than Time 1 social cognitive measures. Regression analyses confirmed this result with planning as only predictor of flossing change (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest targeting planning in interventions to increase compliance with flossing recommendations. Implications for such interventions are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. schuez@zedat.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schüz
authors.forename: Falko F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Sniehotta
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seemann
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000523:psychology*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy