title: An analysis of intraoperative recall of awareness in Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to analyze intraoperative awareness using database of Thai Anesthesia Incidents Study (THAI Study) with regard to frequency, contributing factors, preventive and corrective strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Details of intraoperative recall of awareness were recorded prospectively by attending anesthesiologists or nurse anesthetists in standardized record forms during February 1, 2003 to July 31, 2004. Participating hospitals included 7 university hospitals, 5 tertiary care hospitals, 4 secondary care hospitals, and 4 primary care hospitals. All data were analyzed to identify contributing factors, preventive and corrective strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 126078 general anesthetized cases, there were 99 cases of intraoperative recall of awareness. Awareness was found in female patients more than male patients (63% versus 37%). The majority of patients had ASA PS 1 and 2. Cardiac, obstetric, and lower abdominal surgery were involved in anesthesia awareness more than other type of surgery. Patients experiencing awareness reported sound (62%), pain (51%), feeling operated without pain (33%), and paralysis (25%). There was slight impact of anesthesia awareness in Thai patients (only 13% had temporary emotional stress and 13% had mild anxiety) despite small percentage of proper management by reassurance and psychiatric consultation (15%). The contributing factors included inadequate knowledge (67%), inadequate medication dosage (44%), and inadequate care from inexperience (11%). Awareness incidents were documented to be preventable in 36% of patients and partially preventable in 38% of patients. The corrective strategies included guideline practice (30%), additional training (28%), quality assurance activity (19%), and improved supervision (16%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of intraoperative recall of awareness in this study was 0.08%. Patients reported sound, pain, feeling operated without pain, and paralysis. Corrective strategies included guideline practice, additional training, quality assurance activity, and improved supervision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. ramrr@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Mali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rungreungvanich
authors.forename: Varinee
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lekprasert
authors.forename: Chomchaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sirinan
authors.forename: Thanoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hintong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000523:psychology*; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013785:Thailand