title: Effects of a yoga lifestyle intervention on performance-related characteristics of musicians: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research has suggested that yoga and meditation practices are effective in stress management, alleviating anxiety and musculoskeletal problems and improving mood and cognitive and physical performance. Musicians experience a number of challenges in their profession including high levels of stress, performance anxiety and performance-related musculoskeletal conditions. Yoga and meditation techniques are therefore potentially useful practices for professional musicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Musicians enrolled in a prestigious 2-month summer fellowship program were invited to participate in a regular yoga and meditation program at a yoga center during the course of the program. The 10 participants in the yoga program completed baseline and end-program questionnaires evaluating performance-related musculoskeletal conditions, performance anxiety, mood and flow experience. Fellows not participating in the yoga program were recruited to serve as controls and completed the same assessments (N=8).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The yoga participants showed some improvements relative to control subjects on most measures, with the relative improvement in performance anxiety being the greatest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from this preliminary study suggest that yoga and meditation may be beneficial as a routine practice to reduce performance anxiety in musicians.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine BI, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. khalsa@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Sat Bir S
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Khalsa
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cope
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D011364:Professional Practice; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015013:Yoga / Q000523:psychology*