title: Relationship of increased renal cortical echogenicity with clinical and laboratory findings in pediatric renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To correlate the clinical and laboratory findings with increased renal cortical echogenicity in children with acute renal diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children with increased renal cortical echogenicity were evaluated retrospectively. Laboratory findings and final diagnoses were reviewed. Patients with increased echogenity were classified into group 1 (mild; grade I) or group 2 (more severe; grades II and III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 7 newborns and 114 children (67 male, 47 female) with increased renal cortical echogenicity with a mean (+/-SD) age of 7.0 (+/-4.4) years. The clinical diagnosis was anatomic abnormality (including vesicoureteral reflux, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterovesical junction obstruction, double collecting system) in 9%, urinary tract infection in 21%, urolithiasis in 6%, nephrotic syndrome in 20%, glomerulonephritis in 32%, and other diseases in 12%. Hyperechogenicity was bilateral in 72%, right-sided in 19%, and left-sided in 9%. There were 81 patients in group 1 and 33 patients in group 2 (grade II, 29; grade III, 4). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to age, sex, and serum blood urea nitrogen level, serum creatinine level, uric acid level, urine pH, and specific gravity. Hematuria was more frequent in group 2, whereas proteinuria and pyuria incidences were similar in the 2 groups. In patients with hematuria, glomerulonephritis was the most common cause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glomerulonephritis is the most frequent acute disease causing increased renal echogenicity in childhood, and higher echogenicity is more likely to be associated with hematuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Mithatpaşa Cad. 665/4, Küçükyali, 35280, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Belde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kasap
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Türkmen
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kavukcu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006417:Hematuria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014463:Ultrasonography