title: Integrin alpha v beta 3 antagonist Cilengitide enhances efficacy of radiotherapy in endothelial cell and non-small-cell lung cancer models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 are important in tumor growth and angiogenesis and have been recently explored as targets for cancer therapy. Radiotherapy also inhibits tumor growth and affects vasculature. We explored the combination of integrin antagonist Cilengitide (EMD 121974) and ionizing radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of alpha v beta 3 were determined for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), as well as H157 and H460 human non-small-cell lung cancer cells, using FACS analysis and immunofluorescence imaging. Clonogenic assays, Western immunoblots probed for cleaved caspase 3, and Annexin-V probing were used to evaluate cell survival and apoptosis. A cell detachment assay and matrigel assay were used to further examine the effects of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human umbilical vein endothelial cells had the highest alpha v beta 3 level, followed by H157, and H460. Interestingly, we found that 5 Gy irradiation induced expression of alpha v beta 3 in all cell lines. Clonogenic assays showed a radiosensitizing effect with Cilengitide, and calculation of the dose enhancement ratio showed that the effect was highest in HUVECs (1.38), followed by H157 (1.19), and H460 (1.10), corresponding to the levels of target expression. There was an increase in apoptotic cells after combination treatment with Cilengitide and radiation, and there was an increase in detached cells after treatment with Cilengitide. Additionally, there was decreased endothelial tubule formation after combination treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that radiation induces expression of alpha v beta 3 integrin in endothelial and non-small-cell lung cancer models, and that integrin antagonist Cilengitide is a radiosensitizer in proportion to the levels of target integrin expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hallahan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D012910:Snake Venoms; C422910:Cilengitide