title: The anterolateral thigh as a universal donor site for soft tissue reconstruction in maxillofacial surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The experience with 191 flaps from the anterolateral thigh is described with special regard to variations of vascular anatomy and possible flap designs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since 1992, 191 flaps from the anterolateral thigh donor site were used in 187 patients. The size of the defects varied from 3 x 5 cm to 21 x 10 cm, being located in nearly all areas of the head and neck region including the skull base.
  
  
  METHODS
  The functional and aesthetic outcome was routinely evaluated during follow-up of the patients. All complications and secondary procedures were documented during the whole follow-up period ranging from 4 weeks to 11.2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six different patterns of variations were observed concerning the flap pedicle, but none of these resulted in failure of flap raising except for two patients, in whom no perforators could be found. Poor functional results were observed in 17 patients, and debulking procedures or scar revisions were carried out in 58 of the 187 patients. Nine flap types reaching from voluminous and large myocutaneous flaps to ultra-thin cutaneous perforator flaps were used, enabling closure of virtually any type of soft tissue defect. Twelve flaps were lost, resulting in a success rate of 93.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the combined advantages of minimal donor site morbidity, the option of simultaneous flaps and the satisfying results, the anterolateral thigh can be considered a universal donor site which is ideally suited for soft tissue reconstruction in cranio-maxillofacial surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Chair: Prof. Dr. Dr. K.-D. Wolff), Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany. klaus.wolff@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
authors.forename: Klaus-Dietrich
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kesting
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thurmüller
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Böckmann
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hölzle
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013848:Thigh; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure