title: Vigorous exercise and birth outcomes in a sample of recreational exercisers: a prospective study across pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the question of whether vigorous exercise undertaken by recreational exercisers across pregnancy, defined in two ways, were associated with reduced infant birthweight and gestational age at birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective approach was implemented. A total of 148 pregnant women participated. Average intensity duration and frequency of vigorous exercise reported were examined and compared with two existing definitions of vigorous exercise. Participants completed questionnaires (including retrospective reports on 3 months prepregnancy) and an exercise diary at 16-23 weeks pregnancy, 24-31 weeks pregnancy and 32-38 weeks pregnancy, and at 7 to 14 days post-partum a birth outcomes questionnaire was completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between exercise groups for birthweight and gestational age at birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no evidence that the intensity duration and frequency of vigorous exercise were associated with significant reductions in mean birth outcomes for the infants of women who participated in the study. Replication in a large, more diverse sample is recommended.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duncombe
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skouteris
authors.forename: Eleanor H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Wertheim
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Paxton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires