title: Analysis of intraocular lens surface properties with atomic force microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the surface optics of 4 currently available intraocular lenses (IOLs) with atomic force microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Licryl Laboratory, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surface roughness and topography of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), silicone, hydrophobic, and hydrophilic acrylic IOLs were evaluated with atomic force microscopy in contact mode. The analysis was performed in a liquid environment using cantilevers with a 0.01 Newtonw/meter nominal elastic constant. Measurements were made over areas of 10 microm2 on different locations of the posterior optic surface of the IOL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atomic force microscopy permitted high-resolution imaging of IOL optic surface characteristics. Surface topography showed different features with respect to the lens biomaterial. The root-mean-square roughness of the IOL optic surface was significantly different between lenses of various materials (P < .001). The hydrophobic acrylic and silicone IOLs had the lowest mean surface roughness, 3.8 nm +/- 0.2 (SD) and 4.0 +/- 0.5 nm, respectively, and the 2 PMMA IOLs had the highest mean surface roughness, 6.6 +/- 0.3 nm and 7.0 +/- 0.6 nm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atomic force microscopy was effective and accurate in analyzing IOL optics. The surface topography of IOLs may vary with different manufacturing processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro and Vision Engineering, Reggio, Calabria, Italy. mflombardo@libero.it
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: De Santo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barberi
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serrao
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate