title: Controlling the morphology of ZnO nanostructures in a low-temperature hydrothermal process.
abstract: ZnO nanostructures of different morphologies were grown in a controlled manner using a simple low-temperature hydrothermal technique. Controlling the content of ethylenediamine (soft surfactant) and the pH of the reaction mixture, nanoparticles, nanorods, and flowerlike ZnO structures could be synthesized at temperatures 80-100 degrees C with excellent reproducibility. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed the well crystalline nature of all the nanostructures with preferential growth along the [002] direction for linear structures. Photoluminescence spectra of the as-grown nanostructures revealed oxygen-vacancy-related defects in them, which could be reduced by air annealing at 250 degrees C. Possible mechanisms for the variation of morphology with synthesis parameters are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla, Pue. 72570, Mexico. upal@sirio.ifuap.buap.mx
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santiago