title: High-flow endobronchial cooled humidified air protects non-heart-beating donor rat lungs against warm ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lungs from non-heart-beating donors for transplantation require protection against warm ischemic damage. Minimally invasive techniques are required to reduce organ damage during the warm ischemic period because invasive surgical procedures are often not feasible at this time. This study investigated the preservative effect of high-flow endobronchial cooled humidified air during warm ischemia in non-heart-beating donor rat lungs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen animals were divided into a Cooling group (n = 7), which received cooled air/saline spray during a 2-hour warm ischemic period, and a Control group (n = 7), which received no cooling. After ischemia the lungs were reperfused on an isolated lung perfusion apparatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endobronchial temperatures in the Cooling and Control groups were 8 degrees C and 36 degrees C at 10 minutes, and 5 degrees C and 35 degrees C at 20 minutes, respectively (P < .0001). Lung core and surface temperatures in the Cooling group were also lower than those in the corresponding Control group (P < .0001). After reperfusion, pulmonary arterial pressure (P = .003) and peak airway pressure (P = .002) were lower in the Cooling group than in the Control group. Higher pulmonary venous PO2 (P = .02), higher adenosine triphosphate levels (P = .01), and lower wet/dry lung weight ratio (P = .003) were seen in the Cooling group compared with the Control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-flow endobronchial cooled humidified air can decrease lung temperature and improve post-ischemic pulmonary function and adenosine triphosphate levels in non-heart-beating donor lungs.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Lung Transplant Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oto
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calderone
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Snell
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosenfeldt
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000032:analysis; D000388:Air; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006813:Humidity; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases