title: An in vitro study of antimicrobial activity and efficacy of iodine-generating hydrogel dressings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of different formulations of novel bioxygenating hydrogel dressings (which deliver both iodine and oxygen into the wound) against various target organisms by means of an in vitro test system that more effectively mimics the conditions encountered when dressings are in contact with wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three bioxygenating hydrogels were tested: Oxyzyme, which releases low levels of iodine into the wound, and Iodozyme 402 and Iodozyme 401, which release higher levels of iodine, with Iodozyme 402 releasing twice the amount of 401. Cellulose filter disks (n = 32) were inoculated with indicator species and placed equidistant from each other as a matrix onto agar test beds. Cut squares of control or test dressings were placed on top of each disk. Kill curves were constructed from determinations of the numbers of survivors (log cfu per disk) over time by removing disk samples at various time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the controls and test samples. The order of sensitivity for Oxyzyme was Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The order of efficacy of the three hydrogel dressings (Iodozyme 402, followed by Iodozyme 401 and then Oxyzyme) was the same regardless of the target species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel hydrogel skin surface wound dressings are broad-spectrum in activity, encompassing antibiotic-resistant organisms, anaerobes and yeasts; their antimicrobial function appears to be rapidly effective.
authors.affiliation: I Department of Microbiology, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: R M S
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greenman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D001441:Bacteroides fragilis / Q000187:drug effects; D047070:Bandages, Hydrocolloid / Q000592:standards*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D017613:Iodine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D017613:Iodine Compounds; D005949:Glucose Oxidase