title: Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose adefovir dipivoxil in healthy Chinese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerance of single- and multiple-dose adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in healthy Chinese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two healthy subjects were randomized into 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60-mg dose groups for safety assessment. Nine and 10 healthy males were enrolled for a single-dose pharmacokinetic profile and assessment of the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of adefovir (PMEA), respectively. Another 10 healthy subjects were enrolled for a multiple-dose safety assessment and pharmacokinetic profile. Safety and tolerance were evaluated by monitoring adverse events and laboratory parameters, and pharmacokinetics were assessed by determining PMEA concentrations with a validated LC-MS/MS method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No serious adverse events occurred. The pharmacokinetic parameters of PMEA following ADV 10, 20 and 40 mg were: geometric mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] for AUC(0-24 h) 227 (205, 253), 423 (361, 506) and 686 (585, 828) microg l(-1) h, C(max) 23.0 (20.7, 27.3), 47.4 (42.8, 53.2) and 83.6 (72.6, 97.4) microg l(-1), arithmetic mean (95% CI) for t(1/2) 6.8 (6.3, 7.3), 7.4 (6.7, 8.1) and 7.7 (6.5, 8.9) h, median value (range) for t(max) 1.00 (1.00-2.00), 0.75 (0.75-2.50) and 1.00 (0.75-2.00) h, respectively. The steady-state pharmacokinetics parameters were similar to those following a single dose. The AUC of PMEA was unaffected by food.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADV is safe and well tolerated in healthy Chinese subjects. The mean C(max) of PMEA is proportional to dose, but the linearity of AUC needs further study. There is no accumulation following multiple doses of ADV and the extent of absorption of PMEA is unaffected by food.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: De-Qing
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hai-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mei-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Ben-Jie
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui-Chen
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D000225:Adenine; C106812:adefovir dipivoxil