title: Strongyloides fuelleborni kellyi and other intestinal helminths in children from Papua New Guinea: associations with nutritional status and socioeconomic factors.
abstract: This survey examined the prevalence and intensity of Strongyloides fuelleborni kellyi and other intestinal helminths in children 5 years of age or under living near Kanabea, Papua New Guinea. Of 179 samples, 27% of the children tested positive for Strongyloides, with 81% of these children being a year or less in age. Overall, 68% of the children had one or more infections including Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm (Necator americanus) as well as Strongyloides. Egg counts in the stools ranged from 100 to 98,300 eggs/ml for Strongyloides, 100 to 59,200 eggs/ml for Ascaris and 100 to 3400 eggs/ml for hookworm. There were significant associations between Strongyloides intensity and weight for age and weight for height such that children with higher intensities had, on average, lower z-scores. Relationships between the prevalence of helminth infections and socioeconomic factors were also observed. Logistic regression models showed that children living farther away from Kanabea (more than 2 hours' walking distance), in smaller households (5 or less people) and with uneducated mothers best predict children with Strongyloides. Two of these variables also predicted the presence of hookworm: maternal education and household size. However, in contrast to Strongyloides, a larger household size (6 or more people) was significantly associated with the presence of hookworm. House type was associated with the prevalence of Ascaris, with children living in houses with tin roofs being less likely to have Ascaris than those living in traditional houses. In addition, maternal education was associated with Ascaris intensity in those children with infection, such that the mean intensities were greater in children of uneducated mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: C G Nicholas
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mascie-Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006376:Helminths / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010219:Papua New Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013321:Strongyloides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013322:Strongyloidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology*