title: Management of stigma and disclosure of HIV/AIDS status in healthcare settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aims to examine the management strategies adopted by older people living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) to conceal their positive status in healthcare settings, and their responses taken and means used to cope with the stigmatizing and exclusionary effects as a result of the disclosure of their status by/to healthcare workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under the auspices of a local NGO in Hong Kong, a total of seven male older PHAs aged 55 or above from pre-existing HIV/AIDS self-help groups were recruited for two separate focus groups. A thematic approach was adopted for data analysis and specific themes identification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An analysis of the data revealed that older PHAs did exercise their own agency in preventing against and managing stigma in their access to and use of health care services. Two more specific themes around "sign of disapproval" and "discriminatory practice" as barriers to access were also identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the small sample size, the pattern of stigmatization experiences and coping strategies cannot claim to be representative of the complete picture of the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first exploratory study of the stigmatization and devaluation suffered by older PHAs in healthcare settings in the context of Hong Kong. It also explored in details the pros and cons of the stigma management strategies employed by this vulnerable group of patients. The implications for practice both on the side of healthcare workers and policy makers and that of PHAs were discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. vicwong@hkbu.edu.hk
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Loretta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003219:Confidentiality; D003729:Dental Care / Q000523:psychology; D017144:Focus Groups; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000523:psychology*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011287:Prejudice; D012648:Self Care; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D013240:Stereotyping