title: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence, risk factors, clinical outcomes and antibiotic costs of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in patients with indwelling urinary catheter for one week and longer
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in neurology and neurosurgery wards in a teaching hospital were studied. Patients with UTI before catheterization and in whom the catheter was removed before one week were excluded. Urine cultures were done immediately after catheterization and 3 times a week there after. Patients were followed for symptoms of UTI for 1 week after catheter removal, for 4 weeks without evidence of UTI or until discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and one patients met the inclusion criteria. The incidence of CA UTI was 73.3%. High incidence of CAUTI was found in the first 2 weeks after catheterization. About one-half of the patients with CAUTI had a single episode and were symptomatic. None of the 132 episodes of CAUTI were associated with secondary bacteremia. Risk factors for CAUTI identified were prolonged catheterization and change of the catheter Nosocomial pathogens were found in urine and yeast was the commonest. Eleven patients (14.9%) with CAUTI died and only in 2, CAUTI was considered a contributory factor for mortality. The cost of antimicrobials for treating one episode of CAUTI was 8,180 baht and this rose to 49,983 baht for CAUTI associated with concurrent infections at other sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Catheter-associated urinary tract infection was common. Uropathogens were nosocomial micro-organisms with high incidence of resistance to antimicrobials. Impacts on morbidity, mortality and costs were substantial. Better management of urinary catheter is to be explored and implemented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok. sisdc@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Somwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danchaivijitr
authors.forename: Chertsak
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dhiraputra
authors.forename: Rachada
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cherdrungsi
authors.forename: Duangporn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jintanothaitavorn
authors.forename: Nitaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srihapol
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*