title: Biological applications of scanning electrochemical microscopy: chemical imaging of single living cells and beyond.
abstract: Recent applications of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to studies of single biological cells are reviewed. This scanning probe microscopic technique allows the imaging of an individual cell on the basis of not only its surface topography but also such cellular activities as photosynthesis, respiration, electron transfer, single vesicular exocytosis and membrane transport. The operational principles of SECM are also introduced in the context of these biological applications. Recent progress in techniques for high-resolution SECM imaging are also reviewed. Future directions, such as single-channel detection by SECM, high-resolution imaging with nanometer-sized probes, and combined SECM techniques for multidimensional imaging are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. amemiya@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: Jidong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Darrick A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002477:Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020527:Microscopy, Scanning Probe / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008954:Models, Biological