title: Simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery: Financial differences among nations and jurisdictions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and measure financial pressures surrounding unilateral and simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery in Canada and other Western nations to understand financial factors that may affect simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eye Foundation of Canada, York Finch Eye Associates, Humber River Regional Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  Schedules of physician benefits from 4 Canadian provinces and public and private sectors in the United States were applied to a consistent template for unilateral and simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery. Well-known surgeons from the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and Israel provided additional information. The data were analyzed for similarities and differences to identify financial factors that may influence surgeons and anesthesiologists regarding simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery yielded approximately 15% greater efficiency in the number of daily operations. Ophthalmologists' surgical fees were variably discounted for the second cataract surgery, up to 100% in some jurisdictions. Financial incentive issues were compounded by widely differing reimbursement schemes across regions. Anesthesiologists were generally reimbursed for simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery through additional time units of pay, not for additional surgical complexity. Simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery led to greater administrative, laboratory, and nursing efficiencies for institutions with minimal increases in overall complexity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results show that discounting second-eye cataract surgery in simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery was a financial deterrent. Although increased efficiency was a slight incentive to ophthalmologists and surgical centers, anesthesiologists experienced significant financial disincentives.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Steve A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Arshinoff
authors.forename: Sylvia H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000191:economics*; D002170:Canada; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000191:economics*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000191:economics*; D012051:Reimbursement Mechanisms; D014481:United States