title: Local Shwartzman reaction in the rat induced by endotoxin and ischemia: potential model for skin necrosis in meningococcemia.
abstract: The local Shwartzman reaction (LSR) is an inflammatory response in the skin that is considered a model for skin necrosis associated with meningococcemia. We tested the hypothesis that ischemia can act as the provocative agent to produce this response. In eight rats, bilateral inferior epigastric flaps were outlined. Within each flap, three injection sites were marked. Site 1 had 0.1 mL of endotoxin injected 24 h before surgery. The other two sites had either endotoxin or saline injected immediately before surgery. Both flaps were raised on their pedicle and one side rendered ischemic for 6 h and then reperfused. Animals were killed either 30 min or 48 h later and the tissue from each site examined. After 48 h of reperfusion, necrosis was grossly visible at the site of 24-h preischemia injection of endotoxin in three of four rats. No abnormalities were present at the other injection sites. Microscopically, all 24-h-delayed injection sites showed hemorrhage into all layers of the skin after both 30 min and 48 h of reperfusion. No hemorrhage was present at the other sites. These findings may serve as a potential model for the skin necrosis seen in meningococcemia.
authors.affiliation: The Bernard O'Brien Institute of Microsurgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia. a.penington@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Penington
authors.forename: Randall O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Craft
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Wayne A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000150:complications*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000150:complications*; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications; D012790:Shwartzman Phenomenon / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins