title: Workplace, psychosocial factors, and depressive symptoms among working people with arthritis: a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the role of demographic, illness-related, workplace support, workplace activity limitations, arthritis-related work changes, and psychosocial factors in predicting subsequent depressive symptoms among employed people with arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, 366 employed individuals with arthritis were recruited from Toronto, Canada. Respondents completed a structured questionnaire assessing demographic, disease-related factors, workplace support, and employment-related transitions, as well as psychosocial variables at 2 timepoints 18 months apart. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression was used for analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with greater education reported significantly less depression. Lower workplace support and greater workplace activity limitations were significantly associated with future depressive symptoms. No relationship was found between work transitions and later depression, but more work changes were strongly associated with concurrent depressive symptoms. An association was also found between greater pain catastrophizing and future depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results highlight the need to assess the influence of work-related changes, workplace support, and psychosocial variables on depressive symptoms among people with arthritis. These findings suggest that workplace interventions should address not only ways to reduce workplace activity limitations, but also ways to better manage emotional distress related to working with arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Monique A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gignac
authors.forename: Aslam H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Anis
mesh_terms: D001168:Arthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D011584:Psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012917:Social Adjustment; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data