title: Results of intestinal and multivisceral transplantation in adult patients: Italian experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience with intestinal and multivisceral transplantation in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed 23 adult isolated intestinal transplants and seven multivisceral ones, three with liver, between December 2000 and June 2005. Indications for transplantation were loss of venous access (n = 14), recurrent sepsis (n = 10), and electrolyte-fluid imbalance (n = 6), 14 of whom also presented with total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-related liver dysfunction. Immunosuppression was based on induction agents like daclizumab (followed by tacrolimus and steroids) in the first period; alemtuzumab or thymoglobulin (with tacrolimus) in a second period after 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up was 742 +/- 550 days. Three-year patient actuarial survival rate was 88% for intestinal transplants and 42% for multivisceral (P = .015). Three-year graft actuarial survival rate was 73% for intestinal patients and 42.8% for multivisceral (P = .1). Graft loss was mainly due to rejection (57%). Complications were mainly represented by bacterial infections (92% of patients), relaparotomies (82%), and rejections (72%). Full bowel function without any parenteral nutrition or intravenous fluid support was achieved in 60% of recipients with functioning bowel including 95% on a regular diet. One patient underwent abdominal wall transplantation as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal transplantation has achieved high rates of patient and graft survival with even longer follow-up. Early referral of patients, especially in cases of TPN-liver disease, is mandatory to obtain good outcomes and avoid high mortality rates on the transplant waiting list. Immunosuppressive management remains the key factor to increase the success rate.
authors.affiliation: UO Chirurgia dei Trapianti di Fegato e Multiorgano, University of Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, PAD 25, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy. augustola@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dazzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ercolani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cescon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Errico
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Simone
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Grazi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vivarelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Varotti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Ruvo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masetti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cautero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Benedetto
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siniscalchi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Begliomini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lazzarotto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faenza
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pironi
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Pinna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation*; D007558:Italy; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014019:Tissue Donors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014781:Viscera / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus