title: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infant multivisceral transplant recipients: a longitudinal study.
abstract: This longitudinal investigation compares cognitive and physical capabilities of transplant recipients, both before and after receiving an intestinal transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, we conducted pretransplant and posttransplant assessments on nine children (4 males, 5 females) who received either an isolated intestine, combined intestine and liver, or multivisceral transplants, with a mean age at transplant of 18 months (range 8-29) and a mean time posttransplant of 2 months (range 1-4 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scores on the Mental Developmental Index reflected that a majority (55.6%) of patients who scored in the significantly delayed range prior to transplant remained in the significantly delayed classification after receiving a transplant. In addition, 33.3% showed a decrease in their mental classification; either from "mildly delayed" to "significantly delayed" or from "within normal limits" to "mildly delayed". Results on the Motor Developmental Index demonstrated that 78% of recipients had significant delays both before and after receiving a transplant, while 11.1% fell one standard deviation after transplantation. We found that the majority of children who experience developmental delays prior to transplant are still experiencing delays when they are discharged from inpatient care. In addition, those children receiving multivisceral transplantations, as opposed to an isolated bowel, may be at a much greater risk of developing and retaining both cognitive and physical delays. Early neurodevelopmental evaluations of these patients is essential for early parental education and compliance with early intervention services to maximize potential recovery and ability to obtain normal development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, UMMG Physician-Patient Advocacy Program, University of Miami/Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. dthevenin@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Thevenin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowling
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000502:physiology; D014781:Viscera / Q000637:transplantation*