title: Independent regulation of skeletal growth by Ihh and IGF signaling.
abstract: The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a major role in regulating the systemic growth of mammals. However, it is unclear to what extent their systemic and/or local functions act in concert with other local growth factors controlling the sizes of individual organs. We have specifically addressed whether growth control of the skeleton by IGFs interacts genetically with that by Indian hedgehog (Ihh), a locally produced growth signal for the endochondral skeleton. Here, we report that disruption of both IGF and Ihh signaling resulted in additive reduction in the size of the embryonic skeleton. Thus, IGF and Ihh signaling appear to control the growth of the skeleton in parallel pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. flong@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Fanxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Kyu-Sang
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Joeng
authors.forename: Shouhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Argiris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Efstratiadis
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: McMahon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010012:Osteogenesis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012863:Skeleton; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D013002:Somatomedins; C514061:ihh protein, mouse