Frequency and cost of chemotherapy-related serious adverse effects in a population sample of women with breast cancer.
BACKGROUND
The number, nature, and costs of serious adverse effects experienced by younger women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer outside of clinical trials are unknown.


METHODS
From a database of medical claims made by individuals with employer-provided health insurance between January 1998 and December 2002, we identified 12,239 women 63 years of age or younger with newly diagnosed breast cancer, of whom 4075 received chemotherapy during the 12 months after the initial breast cancer diagnosis and 8164 did not. Diagnostic codes for eight chemotherapy-related adverse effects were identified. Total hospitalizations for all causes, hospitalizations or emergency room visits for adverse effects that are typically related to chemotherapy, and health care expenditures were compared between the two groups of women. All statistical tests were two-sided.


RESULTS
Women who received chemotherapy were more likely than those who did not to be hospitalized or to visit the emergency room for all causes (61% versus 42%; mean difference = 19%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.7% to 21.3%, P<.001) and for chemotherapy-related serious adverse effects (16% versus 5%, mean difference = 11%, 95% CI = 9.6% to 12.4%, P<.001). The percentages of chemotherapy recipients who were hospitalized or visited the emergency room during the year after their breast cancer diagnosis were 8.4% for fever or infection; 5.5% for neutropenia or thrombocytopenia; 2.5% for dehydration or electrolyte disorders; 2.4% for nausea, emesis, or diarrhea; 2.2% for anemia; 2% for constitutional symptoms; 1.2% for deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus; and 0.9% for malnutrition. Chemotherapy recipients incurred large incremental expenditures for chemotherapy-related serious adverse effects (1271 dollars per person per year) and ambulatory encounters (17,617 dollars per person per year).


CONCLUSIONS
Chemotherapy-related serious adverse effects among younger, commercially insured women with breast cancer may be more common than reported by large clinical trials and lead to more patient suffering and health care expenditures than previously estimated.
Hassett
Michael J
MJ
Center for Outcomes and Policy Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, 454-STE 21, Boston, MA 02115-6084, USA. mhassett@partners.org
O'Malley
A James
AJ
Pakes
Juliana R
JR
Newhouse
Joseph P
JP
Earle
Craig C
CC
D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States