title: Sensitivity of elastic properties to measurement uncertainties in laryngeal muscles with implications for voice fundamental frequency prediction.
abstract: This paper discusses the effects of measurement uncertainties when calculating elastic moduli of laryngeal tissue. Small dimensions coupled with highly nonlinear elastic properties exacerbate the uncertainties. The sensitivity of both tangent and secant Young's Modulus was quantified in terms of the coefficient of variation, which depended on measurement of reference length and cross-sectional area. Uncertainties in the measurement of mass, used to calculate cross-sectional area of a small tissue sample, affected Young's Modulus calculations when tissue absorption of the hydrating solution was not accounted for. Uncertainty in reference length had twice the effect on elasticity than other measures. The implication of these measurement errors on predicted fundamental frequency of vocalization is discussed. Refinements on isolated muscle experimental protocols are proposed that pay greatest attention to measures of highest sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Voice and Speech, The Denver Center for the Performing Arts, Denver, Colorado 80204, USA. ehunter@dcpa.org
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.forename: Ingo R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Titze
mesh_terms: D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology*; D014833:Voice Quality