title: Intravascular fluorocarbon-stabilized microbubbles protect against fatal anemia in rats.
abstract: It has earlier been hypothesized that intravascular microbubbles, derived from a dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) emulsion, can transport physiologically significant amounts of oxygen in the animal body. To test this notion, anesthetized oxygen breathing rats were rendered severely anemic by bleeding and volume replacement. Rats treated with 0.014 ml/kg of DDFP in a 2% emulsion had normal circulatory parameters and behaved normally when waking up from anesthesia while controls died during anesthesia. Oxygen-breathing intact rats given 0.01 ml/kg of DDFP had muscle oxygen tensions which, for about 2.5 hours, exceeded those of controls by 50-100%. It was further verified in vitro that DDFP-derived microbubbles can exchange oxygen with a surrounding aqueous medium. Extrapolation from these experiments indicates that less than 1 ml of DDFP, in emulsion-form, could provide for the resting oxygen consumption of an adult person. This suggests various therapeutic uses of the emulsion.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Education in Special Environments (CRESE) and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. clundgre@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Claes E G
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: Guri W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bergoe
authors.forename: Ingvald M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Tyssebotn
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000379:methods; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D010420:Pentanes
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C008806:perfluoropentane; D010420:Pentanes