title: Human spontaneous labor without histologic chorioamnionitis is characterized by an acute inflammation gene expression signature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify which biological processes may be involved in normal labor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcriptional profiles for chorioamniotic membranes (n = 24) and blood (n = 20) were generated from patients at term with no labor (TNL) and in labor (TIL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of 197 transcripts (P < or = .02) differentiated TIL and TNL chorioamniotic membrane samples. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that TIL samples had increased expression of multiple chemokines and transcripts associated with neutrophil and monocyte recruitment. Microarray results were verified using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with independent samples. Transcriptional profiles from blood RNA revealed no Gene Ontology category enrichment of discriminant probe sets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Labor induces gene expression changes consistent with localized inflammation, despite the absence of histologically detectable inflammation.
authors.affiliation: The Perinatology Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ramsi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tromp
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuivaniemi
authors.forename: Tinnakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaiworapongsa
authors.forename: Yeon Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mazor
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000235:genetics; D002823:Chorion / Q000378:metabolism*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines