title: Echocardiographic measurements alone do not provide accurate non-invasive selection of annuloplasty band size for robotic mitral valve repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Successful mitral valve repair (MVP) is dependent on accurate annuloplasty band sizing. This is difficult and time-consuming when performed via port-access, or through a 4-cm minithoracotomy used in robotically assisted MVP. With the goal of moving toward a less-invasive approach and minimizing cross-clamp time, an attempt was made to determine annuloplasty band size using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intertrigonal distance (ITD) was determined by dividing the left ventricular outflow tract diameter (LVOT: measured on standard midesophageal aortic valve long-axis view) by 0.8. The ITD was compared to a nomogram developed to select the best Cosgrove-Edwards annuloplasty band size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between July and October, 2004, 11 patients (mean age 52.6 +/- 17.9 years; four Barlow's valves with bileaflet prolapse, four posterior leaflet prolapses, one anterior leaflet prolapse, one rheumatic, one dilated annulus) undergoing robotically assisted MVP had the annuloplasty band chosen using TEE alone. Seven patients (63.6%) had no or mild mitral regurgitation (MR) on postoperative TEE. Three patients (27.2%) had some systolic anterior motion (SAM), with one (Barlow's valve) requiring a second repair (same operation). One patient (9.1%, rheumatic) had grade 2+ MR on postoperative TEE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small case series, a substantial proportion of patients had suboptimal immediate postoperative results. This suggests that selection of the annuloplasty band should not be based on a single echocardiographic variable as it depends on the etiology of the MR, and other dimensions of the mitral valve. Further studies are ongoing to develop a non-invasive method for the selection of annuloplasty band size.
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: L Wiley
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Nifong
authors.forename: Graham G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Lashley
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Y Brandon
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: W Randolph
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chitwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008945:Mitral Valve Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D009038:Motion; D049451:Nomograms; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology