title: Encoding to the longitudinal magnetization for MR imaging and flow velocity mapping.
abstract: Phase-encoding to the longitudinal magnetization is implemented by adding encoding gradient pulses in the evolution period tau of the NMR pulse sequence 90 degrees+x-tau-90 degrees-x. This work focuses on the effect of the spin-lattice relaxation and its removal and on the constraint that the 90 degrees-x pulse can only transform the phase of the transverse magnetization partially to the longitudinal magnetization. Theoretical analysis shows that the encoded phase information and the spin-lattice relaxation effect are separable and the latter is identical in each repetition in collecting phase-encoding data. Thus the relaxation effect can be eliminated by subtracting a second data set whose phase information is inverted or by alternating the polarity of the relaxation contribution. From data with partial phase information, Fourier-transform image reconstruction results in mirror aliasing in which the two halves of the Fourier spectrum of positive and negative coordinates overlap. Removal of mirror aliasing requires imaging data of the orthogonal component. Nevertheless mirror aliasing is not necessarily a problem, depending on the subject of study. Phase-encoding to the longitudinal magnetization for spatial MRI and flow velocity mapping are demonstrated using the rotating ultra-fast imaging sequence (RUFIS).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. jjhsu@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Jung-Jiin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Irving J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted