title: Electroporation and EGFP labeling of gastrulating quail embryos.
abstract: Labeling embryonic cells to trace their motion is a classical experimental approach with a host of techniques being used to mark live cells and tissues. Genetically engineered fluorescent protein vectors (DNA plasmids) are a recent technology well suited to time-resolved studies of cellular motion in live embryos. DNA plasmids encoding fluorescent proteins can be introduced into cells using several methods, including electroporation, a technique used widely for analysis of tissue culture and embryonic cells. Here we describe a technique designed to introduce DNA plasmids into early gastrulation stage quail embryos, ex ovo. The method is effective, and with practice enables an investigator to direct the vectors to relatively confined regions of gastrulating embryos. The required electroporation chamber can be fabricated from common laboratory materials. We anticipate that using this method of labeling cells in a warm-blooded embryo, during gastrulation, will be a fruitful means of studying subsequent embryogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Rusty
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lansford
authors.forename: Mike B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Filla
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Tracey J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cheuvront
authors.forename: Brenda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rongish
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018274:Electroporation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005775:Gastrula / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011784:Quail / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins