title: [Renal function and cardiovascular risk in patients with essential hypertension. The "FRESHA" study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the past few years there has been a growing amount of information about renal dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of renal dysfunction and evaluate the relation between renal function and cardiovascular risk in patients with essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter, cross-sectional survey of unselected patients with essential hypertension attending primary care settings in Spain was performed between june and november 2004. Renal function was evaluated with the abbreviated equation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study. Renal insufficiency was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-eight investigators from 50 centers recruited 2130 patients being mean age 65.6 +/- 11 years and female 53%. Prevalence of diabetes, lipid abnormalities, and previous cardiovascular disease were 30.3%, 45.9%, and 42.1% respectively. Prevalence of renal insufficiency was 32.4% (95% CI 30.4-34.4). Patients suffering from renal insufficiency showed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease when comparing with those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate = or >60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (56.2% vs. 35.3%, OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.95-2.82, p < 0.001). A logistic regression analysis showed that the relation of renal dysfunction with cardiovascular disease was independent of other variables or classical cardiovascular risk factors as age, female sex, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and systolic blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal insufficiency was present in 32.4% of patients with essential hypertension attending primary care settings. Cases with renal dysfunction showed a higher cardiovascular risk. Hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency should be considered as candidates for an aggressive approach of cardiovascular risk management.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Hipertensión, Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. pabloherrero71@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández Vega
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorostidi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riesgo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Díez Ojeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors