title: Prevalence and treatment of metabolic syndrome in adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes among adolescents has risen dramatically in recent years, and it is likely that many of these adolescents also have metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the patient population enrolled in a children's hospital type 2 diabetes clinic and to describe baseline pharmacologic treatment and adherence patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study, the medical charts of 52 adolescents were reviewed. A data collection instrument was used to collect demographic data, laboratory values, medication lists, and documented adherence patterns from the patient's initial clinic visit. Data collected were used to identify patients with metabolic syndrome. Data were entered into a database and analyzed using SPSS 13.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected for 52 patients; of these, 40 (76.9%) had characteristics of metabolic syndrome meeting 3 or more of the 5 criteria, although only 8 (15.4%) were diagnosed with the metabolic syndrome. Among patients with characteristics of metabolic syndrome, 92.5% were taking a glucose-lowering drug, with 85% of those receiving metformin. Sixteen (40%) patients were receiving a blood pressure-lowering medication at baseline, and 4 (10%) were taking a lipid-lowering agent. Forty-three percent of these patients reported nonadherence to their prescribed drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given these treatment patterns, pharmacologic management of metabolic syndrome in adolescents with type 2 diabetes may be suboptimal and may impact cardiovascular outcomes. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the incidence of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in adolescents so that treatment with lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic therapy may be implemented earlier.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, USA.
authors.forename: Brittany Harris
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lubsch
authors.forename: Donna S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents