title: The contribution of voxel-based morphometry in staging patients with mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether different patterns of regional gray matter loss in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are associated with different risks of conversion to Alzheimer disease (AD), using MRI and voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors recruited 22 patients with MCI, 22 patients with probable AD, and 20 healthy subjects (HS). T1 volumes from each subject were postprocessed according to an optimized VBM protocol. All patients were clinically followed up (mean [SD] time = 28.7 [5.7] months), and patients with MCI were reclassified into two groups (converters and nonconverters to AD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When comparing patients with AD to HS, widespread areas of reduced gray matter density were found predominantly in temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes and in the insula. Comparing MCI converters and nonconverters with HS, the converters showed more widespread areas of reduced gray matter density than nonconverters, with a pattern of abnormalities similar to that seen in patients with AD. Conversely, when comparing the same groups with patients with AD, MCI nonconverters showed a pattern of gray matter density similar to that of HS. Areas of decreased gray matter density were also found in MCI converters compared with nonconverters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different patterns of gray matter density distribution in patients with mild cognitive impairment may be associated to different rates of conversion to Alzheimer disease.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. m.bozzali@fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozzali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magnani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cercignani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schiatti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castiglioni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mossini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falautano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scotti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male