title: High-dose simultaneously integrated breast boost using intensity-modulated radiotherapy and inverse optimization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently a Phase III randomized trial has started comparing a boost of 16 Gy as part of whole-breast irradiation to a high boost of 26 Gy in young women. Our main aim was to develop an efficient simultaneously integrated boost (SIB) technique for the high-dose arm of the trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment planning was performed for 5 left-sided and 5 right-sided tumors. A tangential field intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique added to a sequentially planned 3-field boost (SEQ) was compared with a simultaneously planned technique (SIB) using inverse optimization. Normalized total dose (NTD)-corrected dose volume histogram parameters were calculated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intended NTD was produced by 31 fractions of 1.66 Gy to the whole breast and 2.38 Gy to the boost volume. The average volume of the PTV-breast and PTV-boost receiving more than 95% of the prescribed dose was 97% or more for both techniques. Also, the mean lung dose and mean heart dose did not differ much between the techniques, with on average 3.5 Gy and 2.6 Gy for the SEQ and 3.8 Gy and 2.6 Gy for the SIB, respectively. However, the SIB resulted in a significantly more conformal irradiation of the PTV-boost. The volume of the PTV-breast, excluding the PTV-boost, receiving a dose higher than 95% of the boost dose could be reduced considerably using the SIB as compared with the SEQ from 129 cc (range, 48-262 cc) to 58 cc (range, 30-102 cc).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high-dose simultaneously integrated breast boost technique has been developed. The unwanted excessive dose to the breast was significantly reduced.
authors.affiliation: Catharina Hospital, Department of Radiotherapy, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. coen.hurkmans@cze.nl
authors.forename: Coen W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hurkmans
authors.forename: Gert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Vliet-Vroegindeweij
authors.forename: Maurice J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van der Sangen
authors.forename: Jorien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cassee
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness