title: Situation analysis of TB microscopy centres in Ghana.
abstract: METHODS
  Public health laboratories in Ghana performing tuberculosis (TB) microscopy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the situation of the laboratories in terms of staff strength, technical skills, documentation, biosafety practices, equipment, supplies and disposal systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods used for data collection were interviews using a structured questionnaire, informal observation of laboratory registers, disposal systems and safety measures for sputum handling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 114 laboratories visited between 2000 and 2001, 102 (89.5%) were performing TB microscopy. Of the staff working in the laboratories, 9% were medical technologists, 24% laboratory technicians, 37% laboratory assistants and 30% orderlies. Average false-negative and -positive rates were respectively 13% and 14%. Although most of the centres (85.3%) were using the recommended TB laboratory register for recording, in most cases they were not filled in accurately or completely. The majority of the available microscopes had mechanical or optical faults. Availability of other materials for smear preparation and staining ranged from 44% to 82%. The main methods employed for disposal of laboratory waste were burning and burying, but conditions were poor in most of the facilities visited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training of laboratory personnel in TB microscopy and establishment of a quality assurance system are needed in Ghana.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Legon, Ghana. kaddo@noguchi.mimcom.net
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Owusu-Darko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dan-Dzide
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yeboah-Manu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ablordey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caulley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minamikawa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonsu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lienhardt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akpedonu
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ofori-Adjei
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005869:Ghana / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007755:Laboratories, Hospital; D017056:Medical Laboratory Personnel; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D008853:Microscopy; D015588:Observer Variation; D016272:Occupational Health; D012042:Registries; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017744:Medical Waste Disposal