title: [Toxic effect of butenolide on chondrocyte differentiation and the protective effect of selenium].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of butenolide (BUT) on cultured chondrocytes differentiation and the possible protective effects of selenium (Se).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ex-vivo cultured chondrocytes were divided into six groups: (1) Control group (without BUT and Se); (2) Se 0.1 microg/ml control group; (3) BUT 0.1 microg/ml group; (4) BUT 1.0 microg/ml group; (5) BUT 5.0 microg/ml group; and (6) BUT 1.0 microg/ml + Se 0.1 microg/ml group. The expression of collagen II (Col II), collagen X (ColX), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in (or around) chondrocytes in all groups were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expressions of Col II in 1.0 microg/ml BUT group and 5.0 microg/ml BUT group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression of Col II in 1.0 microg/ml BUT + Se group were significantly higher than those in the 1.0 microg/ml BUT group and 5.0 microg/ml BUT group (P < 0.05). The expressions of bFGF and PTHrP of BUT groups were significantly higher than those in the Se and control groups (P < 0.05). No expression of ColX was observed in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BUT can affect the collagen II synthesis of the chondrocytes. Selenium supplementation may play a protective role.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shi-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong-Li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Shuang-Qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jun-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zeng-Tie
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D012643:Selenium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D020011:Protective Agents; C004511:butenolide; D012643:Selenium; D013605:T-2 Toxin; D015107:4-Butyrolactone