title: The effect of locally applied vascular endothelial growth factor on meniscus healing: gross and histological findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tears in the peripheral part of the menisci have a better healing potential than tears in the central part, because the central two-thirds of the menisci are avascular. We hypothesized that healing of meniscus tears in the avascular zone can be promoted by the local application of the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A tear was created in the avascular zone of the medial meniscus in 18 merino sheep. The tear was then repaired with an uncoated suture (group 1), a suture coated with PDLLA (group 2), and by a suture coated with PDLLA/VEGF (group 3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 weeks, we observed increased immunostaining for factor VIII in the VEGF-treated group 3. However, in this treatment group no meniscus healed completely. In the uncoated suture group and in the PDLLA-coated-suture group, partial healing was observed in three animals and complete healing in three animals, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this experiment the local application of VEGF via PDLLA-coated sutures did not promote meniscus healing. Growth factors might not always be a promising tool for tissue repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma-, Hand-, and Reconstructive Surgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Waldeyerstr, 1, 48149, Münster, Germany. wolf.petersen@ukmuenster.de
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pufe
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stärke
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kopf
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Thore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zantop
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paletta
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raschke
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011091:Polyesters; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011108:Polymers; D012756:Sheep; D013537:Sutures; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; C014534:Ethibond; D011091:Polyesters; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D011108:Polymers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D005169:Factor VIII