title: Latest developments in the assessment and management of chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As many as 25% of new patients in pediatric rheumatology clinics present with idiopathic chronic pain and recent data suggest the prevalence of these conditions is increasing. Knowledge of the latest developments in assessment and treatment is critical for providing optimal clinical care. This review summarizes advances published in the past year forwarding our understanding of chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes in children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research has recently focused on the impairment associated with chronic pain syndromes in children, issues impacting the diagnosis of these conditions, and the efficacy of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments. No diagnostic criteria have been developed for specific chronic pain syndromes in children; however, data from several studies substantiate the need for thorough assessment of the child and family in multiple domains. In addition, studies have expanded both pharmacologic and psychosocial treatment options for children with these syndromes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a growing body of research on chronic pain syndromes in children, there are no established standards of care. Data continues to support an interdisciplinary approach for effectively assessing and managing these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Connelly
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schanberg
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D059408:Pain Management; D013577:Syndrome