title: Repetitive fluctuations in blood glucose enhance monocyte adhesion to the endothelium of rat thoracic aorta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of repetitive fluctuations in blood glucose concentrations on monocyte adhesion to the aortic endothelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonobese type 2 diabetes, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were fed twice daily to induce repetitive postprandial glucose spikes. Then, we compared the number of monocytes adherent to the endothelium of thoracic aorta in these rats with that in rats fed ad libitum. To suppress the glucose spikes, rats were injected with an inhibitor of sodium-glucose transporter, phloridzin, just before each meal for 12 weeks. GK rats fed twice daily showed significantly lower HbA1c than GK rats fed ad libitum. However, the former group showed markedly higher number of monocytes adherent to the endothelium than the latter, together with increased arterial intimal thickening. Phloridzin significantly reduced the number of adherent monocytes in GK rats fed twice daily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that repetitive postprandial fluctuation in glucose concentration evokes monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells that was worse than that induced by stable hyperglycemia in vivo. Suppression of such fluctuations efficiently suppressed monocyte adhesion to the aortic endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamori
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyofuku
authors.forename: Yoshiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitahara
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumata
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005508:Food Deprivation; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012008:Recurrence; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C076687:CS1 peptide