title: [The genetic polymorphisms of nine Y-STR loci with short fragment size alleles in southern Chinese Han population and its application in forensic science].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the genetic polymorphisms of 9 Y-chromosome specific STR loci that the allele size is less than 180 bp in length in the southern Chinese Han population, and to utilize the studied result to forensic science.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine Y-STR loci were amplified by single multiplex PCR, and the PCR products were sequenced by using ABI Prism 3100 DNA Sequencer. The allele and haplotype frequencies at 9 Y-STR loci were determined in a total of 213 unrelated males from southern Chinese Han population. Eighty-four father/son pairs with demonstrated paternity and thirty-six non-paternity father/son pairs were detected by using our Y-STR multiplex system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three Y-STR alleles for DYS426, five alleles for DYS393, DYS460, DYS391 and DYS389 I respectively, six alleles for DYS456, seven alleles for both H4 and DYS388, and eight alleles for DYS458 loci were detected in 213 unrelated male individuals. Except for the DYS426 locus with a low GD value of 0.1489, the GD values for other 8 Y-STR loci ranged from 0.5064 to 0.9133. A total of 178 haplotypes were found at 9 Y-STR loci, of which 154 haplotypes were observed only once, and the haplotype diversity was 0.9983. None of Y-STR allele mutation was observed in the 84 father/son pairs with demonstrated paternity. Among the 36 non-paternity father/son pairs, two cases could get the paternity exclusions at 2 Y-STR loci; and the paternity of 33 cases could be ruled out by 3 or more Y-STR loci; only one case was found no exclusion of paternity regardless of detecting 9 Y-STR loci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This result indicates that the 9 Y-STR loci with short fragment size alleles are highly polymorphic. The fluorescent multiplex amplification system that we developed is suitable for personal identification and paternity testing.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P. R. China. Zhihui_deng@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhi-hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Da-cheng
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Da-ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Su-qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Guo-guang
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D044707:Forensic Sciences; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010334:Paternity; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic