title: Modified extravesical ureteroneocystostomy for completely duplicated ureters in renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Completely duplicated ureters are the most common congenital malformation of the upper urinary tract. However, there are very few reports on transplantation using kidneys with double ureters, and the technique of ureterocystoneostomy for completely duplicated ureters has not yet been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 3 patients with completely duplicated ureters at our institutions from January 1998 to October 2005. We modified the extravesical technique for treating these 3 cases and evaluated the 52-month follow-up period for possible urological complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither urological complications nor urinary tract infections occurred in the follow-up period after using our new technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that this technique is an appropriate procedure for the transplantation of kidneys with completely duplicated ureters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. m9492120@msic.med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naganuma
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatani
mesh_terms: D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D014519:Ureterostomy / Q000379:methods*