title: Delay in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: effect on quality of care and its assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delay in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may affect quality of care and its assessment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine over time the frequency of delay in AMI diagnosis and the effect of this delay on the quality of patient care and its assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined the trend in coded admission diagnosis, age, comorbidities, procedures during hospitalization, and discharge status for 42,406 Connecticut Medicare cases with the principal discharge diagnosis of AMI for the time period 1992 through 2001. For 2,583 cases discharged in 1992 and 1993 and for 1,398 cases discharged in 1998 through 2001, the rates of administration of aspirin (ASA) and beta blocker (BB) on admission and discharge, by admission diagnosis, were ascertained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For patients discharged with the principal diagnosis of AMI over the decade examined, the proportion with this diagnosis on admission fell (59% to 40%, p < 0.001), the proportion with a non-acute coronary syndrome (ACS) admission diagnosis rose (18% to 26%, p < 0.001), and the population aged (proportion older than 85 years of age increased from 16% to 28%, p < 0.001). Patients with ACS as the admission diagnosis more frequently received cardiac catheterization (during 2000-2001, 39% versus 17%, p < 0.001), percutaneous coronary intervention (19% versus 4%, p < 0.001), and evidence-based therapy; during 1998-2001, opportunities to give ASA or BB on admission were fulfilled for 88% versus 73% (p < 0.001), and on discharge, for 87% versus 74% (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of AMI is delayed after admission for a significant proportion of cases who receive care that is measured to be of lower quality. There is a need to more effectively diagnose and treat these cases with delayed diagnosis and to develop new quality measures to address changes in the characteristics of patients who are hospitalized with AMI.
authors.affiliation: Qualidigm, Middletown, CT. louisgraff4@aol.com
authors.forename: Louis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borkowski
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuozzo
authors.forename: JoAnne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Foody
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Radford
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D001241:Aspirin