title: Impact of a palliative care service on in-hospital mortality in a comprehensive cancer center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palliative care services provide symptom control and psychosocial support for dying patients and their families. These services are not available in many cancer centers and tertiary hospitals. The purpose of this study was to review the impact of a palliative care program, established in 1999, on overall in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center computerized database to determine the total number of deaths and discharges and the place of death for each fiscal year from 1999 to 2004. The median length of stay for patients who died in different locations within the hospital was calculated. Annual palliative care consultations for patients who subsequently died in the hospital were retrieved. The annual mortality rate for the cancer center was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall in-hospital mortality rates were 3.6, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.6, and 3.7% of all discharges for the period 1999-2004 respectively (p > 0.2). The number of deaths in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) dropped from 252 in 671 (38%) in 1999 to 213 in 764 (28%) in 2004 (p < 0.0001). Involvement of the palliative care service in the care of patients dying in the hospital grew from 8 in 583 (1%) in 1999 to 264 in 764 (35%) in 2004 (p < 0.0001). The median length of hospital stay (MLOS) for patients who subsequently died in-hospital was significantly longer than that for patients who were discharged alive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased involvement by the palliative care service in the care of decedent patients was associated with a decreased MICU mortality and no change in overall hospital mortality rate or inpatient length of hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. aelsayem@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elsayem
authors.forename: Martin L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parmley
authors.forename: J Lynn
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Rosell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruera
mesh_terms: D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013781:Texas