title: Possible involvement of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in heterotopic ossification in metastatic lesion from urothelial carcinoma of bladder.
abstract: Heterotopic bone formation caused by urothelial carcinoma is rare. The precise mechanism of heterotopic ossification is still unknown. We report a case of urothelial carcinoma with heterotopic bone formation in a metastatic site and investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and the BMP receptor (BMPR)-Ib using immunohistochemistry. Positive staining of BMP-2 was observed in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in both bladder and psoas lesions. In addition, positive staining of BMPR-Ib was seen in osteoblast-like cells adjacent to bone formation in the psoas metastasis. The heterotopic ossification may result from the metaplasia of pluripotent stem cells into osteoblast cells induced by BMP-2 in a paracrine fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Tsuchiura, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komai
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urushibara
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia; D008875:Middle Aged; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D016658:Psoas Muscles; D017154:Stromal Cells; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019459:Urothelium
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I