title: Demonstration of inter- and intracellular distribution of boron and gadolinium using micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (Micro-PIXE).
abstract: Micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (Micro-PIXE) was applied to determine inter- and intracellular distribution of boron (10B) and gadolinium (157Gd), the capture atoms used to kill tumor cells in neutron capture therapy (NCT). Cultured 9L gliosarcoma cells on Mylar film were exposed to sodium borocaptate (BSH) and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). To analyze the inter- and intracellular distribution of 10B and 157Gd in 9L gliosarcoma cells, the cells were irradiated using a proton beam of 1.7 or 3 MeV energy collimated to 1 microm diameter and emission X-ray was detected. The distribution of 10B and 157Gd in 9L gliosarcoma cells was then examined. In this study, we could directly analyze the inter- and intracellular distribution of 10B and 157Gd elements in 9L gliosarcoma cells directly using Micro-PIXE. This is the first report on the distribution of 10B employing a method to detect gamma-rays resulting from the nuclear reaction of 10B using particle-induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE). These results show that the distribution of 157Gd elements was correctly measured using micro-PIXE. 157Gd should have the same tendency as 10B in cultured 9L gliosarcoma cells and agree with the distribution in 9L gliosarcoma cells. Further investigation is necessary for a higher spatial resolution and optimization of the measurement time or improvement of the sampling method. In the future, it will be possible to employ this method to analyze the intracellular microdistribution of the capture element and in the development of new drugs for NCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. neuro-2@hata-hp.or.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018316:Gliosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry*; D017247:Neutron Capture Therapy; D017785:Photons; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium; D001895:Boron