title: Activities of daily living and social activities in people with multiple sclerosis in Stockholm County.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe independence in personal and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL), and frequency of social/lifestyle activities in a population-based sample of people with multiple sclerosis in Stockholm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collection in home environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-six people with multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using measurements and structured interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independence in ADL was assessed by the Barthel Index; independence in personal and instrumental ADL by the Katz Extended ADL Index; and frequency of social/lifestyle activities by the Frenchay Activities Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 51 +/- 12 years in the included 166 people with multiple sclerosis, of whom 71% (n = 118) were women. Fifty-two per cent (n = 85) were independent in personal ADL, 30% (n = 50) in instrumental ADL, and 35% (n = 57) had normal frequency of social/lifestyle activities. Most frequently affected ADL items were cleaning indoors and outdoors transportation (62%, n = 102) and the social/lifestyle items of household maintenance (59%, n = 97), walking outside (59%, n = 97), heavy housework (61%, n = 100), and gardening (68%, n = 112).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADL and social/lifestyle activities were affected in two-thirds of people with multiple sclerosis in Stockholm. The most affected items were items that could be classified as mobility-related and physically demanding, underlining the importance of developing and using evidence-based exercise treatments and rehabilitation to increase independence in people with multiple sclerosis in Stockholm.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Neurotec Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ulrika.einarsson@karolinska.se
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Einarsson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gottberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fredrikson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Koch
authors.forename: L Widén
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Holmqvist
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013548:Sweden