title: [Use of hyaluronic acid cleaving enzymes for absorption acceleration. Results of an in vitro study with xylazine and ketamine].
abstract: The so-called "Hellabrunner Mischung", (combination of xylazine and ketamine with hyaluronidase) is frequently used for the immobilisation of wildlife animals. The enzyme hyaluronidase shall improve the distribution of the intramuscularly or subcutaneously administered compounds in the tissue and enhance their absorption. These enhancing effects of two hyaluronate lyases of bacterial origin (Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus equisimilis) and a testicular hyaluronidase were compared in an in vitro test. Using the isolated perfused bovine udder, 2 ml of a solution were administered subcutaneously containing 125 mg/ml xylazine and 100 mg/ml ketamine and one of the above mentioned enzymes (150 I.U.). All three enzymes enhanced the absorption rate of xylazine and ketamine determined by measurement of the concentration in the perfusate. The bacterial hyaluronate lyases were significantly more efficient, especially during the clinically important first minutes after administration.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Pharmazie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000662:veterinary; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000201:enzymology*; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000201:enzymology; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases; C100002:hyaluronate lyase