title: Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their hemodynamic effects.
abstract: Erectile dysfunction occurs commonly in untreated and treated hypertensive patients, impairing adherence to treatment and quality of life. Furthermore, it is a marker for enhanced risk for cardiovascular disease. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil, provide effective treatment of erectile dysfunction. They reduce blood pressure in healthy patients: sildenafil 100 mg, -3.7/-3.6 mm Hg; vardenafil 20 mg, -7.5/-8 mm Hg; and tadalafil 20 mg, -1.6/-0.8 mm Hg. Greater declines in blood pressure with a PDE5 inhibitor may be observed in treated and untreated hypertensive patients. The additive effect of PDE5 inhibitors with one or multiple antihypertensive drugs is modest. alpha(1)-Blockers, except tamsulosin, may result in larger declines in blood pressure and cause orthostatic hypotension. Thus, caution should be exercised by using the lowest doses of proportional, variant(1)-blockers and PDE5 inhibitors in combination. Nitrates in combination with PDE5 inhibitors cause a profound decline in blood pressure and are contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: Hypertension & Clinical Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, 1467 Harper Street, HB-2010, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, 30912-3105, USA. mprisant@mail.mcg.edu
authors.forename: L Michael
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Prisant
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068581:Tadalafil; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002243:Carbolines; D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000068581:Tadalafil; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human