title: Complications occurring during conservative management of splenic trauma in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conservative management of splenic rupture in haemodynamically stable children is now generally accepted. However, during follow-up, many complications can occur. The aim of this study was to describe the complications we observed and to propose a standardised follow-up adapted to them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1992 and December 2002 we managed 65 children (aged between 3 and 15 years old) with accidental splenic rupture. Follow-up and treatment consisted of a 10-day bed rest with sonogram and Doppler controls on the 5th and 10th day and subsequently every month until complete healing. Complications included secondary haemorrhage in 3 cases, cystic evolution in 5 cases, and pseudo-aneurysm in 2 cases. All were treated by renewed bed rest. Three of the cysts resolved spontaneously, the other two underwent cystic resection and epiploplasty by laparotomy (n = 1) or laparoscopy (n = 1) and both pseudo-aneurysms were selectively embolised. There were no splenectomies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complications essentially occurred in older children and were not related to gender, type of fracture, or extent of bleeding. Cystic evolution of the sub-capsular haematomas can appear up to 1 month after trauma. Peripheral pseudo-aneurysms which could be responsible for secondary haemorrhages were selectively embolised. We favour the use of the Doppler sonogram for follow-up until total recovery of these patients, even in low-grade traumas. Considering the number of complications encountered we do not believe the American evidence-based guidelines are suitable for our population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hôpital Pellegrin-Enfants, Bordeaux, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France. Eric.DOBREMEZ@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dobremez
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rebouissoux
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lavrand
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bondonny
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vergnes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003560:Cysts / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries*; D013161:Splenic Rupture / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*