Psychological aspects of primary aldosteronism.
BACKGROUND
Except for 3 case reports of Conn's syndrome presenting as depression, psychosocial factors have not been explored in primary aldosteronism. We investigated psychological correlates in primary aldosteronism using methods that were found to be sensitive and reliable in psychosomatic research.


METHODS
Ten consecutive newly diagnosed patients with primary aldosteronism were studied: 5 males/5 females; mean age (+/-SD) 45.5 +/- 6.6 years, age range 34-54 years; 4 with an aldosterone-producing adenoma and 6 with idiopathic aldosteronism; systolic/diastolic blood pressure 189 +/- 20/111 +/- 7.7 mm Hg; upright plasma aldosterone 40.0 +/- 18.3 ng/dl; upright plasma renin activity (PRA) 0.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml/h; aldosterone/PRA ratio 229.2 +/- 191.0; serum K(+) 3.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/l. The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for eliciting psychiatric diagnoses, and a shortened version of the structured interview for subclinical psychological syndromes, the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR), were administered.


RESULTS
Seven patients (2 with aldosterone-producing adenoma and 5 with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism) received both DSM-IV and DCPR diagnoses, while 3 had neither. As to DSM-IV, generalized anxiety disorder was detected in 6 cases (in 1 it was associated with panic disorder and in 1 with major depression) and obsessive-compulsive disorder in 1. The most frequent DCPR cluster was demoralization (5 cases), while persistent somatization occurred in 2 cases (associated with demoralization in 1) and irritable mood in 1.


CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of anxiety disorders in patients with primary aldosteronism was much higher than that found in the general population and in primary care. Since an association between hyperaldosteronism and anxiety has also been suggested in previous animal studies, it seems worthwhile to gain further knowledge on clinical aspects by larger population studies.
Sonino
Nicoletta
N
Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. nicoletta.sonino@unipd.it
Fallo
Francesco
F
Fava
Giovanni A
GA
D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology