title: Effects of topical anaesthetics and fluorescein on the real-time PCR used for the diagnosis of Herpesviruses and Acanthamoeba keratitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The early microbiological diagnosis of corneal infections may prevent the condition from worsening.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the potential interferences of oxybuprocain and fluorescein solutions used by ophthalmologists on the performances of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) carried out as routine test for diagnosis of keratitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantified suspensions of Herpes simplex virus (HSV1), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Acanthamoeba with and without oxybuprocain or fluorescein added before DNA extraction were tested by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The capacities of the real-time PCR to detect HSV, VZV, CMV and Acanthamoeba were reduced by oxybuprocain and fluorescein. Both products diluted to 1/16 reduced the PCR detection capacities for more than 2 logs (DNA copies/sample).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous introduction of fluorescein or topical anaesthetics into the tubes containing the specimens to be tested by PCR may lead to false negative results. Because corneal specimens for microbiological diagnosis of keratitis are obtained after topical administration of anaesthetics and corneal staining with fluorescein, ophthalmologists should be aware to rinse the eye surface intensively with appropriate eye solutions to minimise the risks of misdiagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire du Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze Vingts, 28 rue de Charenton, Paris 75012, France. pablogol@aol.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rostane
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saint-Jean
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Batellier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alouch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bourcier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laroche
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaumeil
mesh_terms: D000048:Acanthamoeba / Q000235:genetics; D015823:Acanthamoeba Keratitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000235:genetics; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics; D014645:Herpesvirus 3, Human / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000175:diagnosis; D011343:Procaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004279:DNA, Viral; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011343:Procaine; C005298:benoxinate; D019793:Fluorescein