title: [Binder's syndrome--symptoms and treatment].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The flat dorsum and short septum of the nose, enlarged nasal angle, small naso-labial angle, maxillary micrognathism, and augmented upper lip, what makes the concave midface profile are the symptoms of Binder syndrome (maxillonasal displasia). The treatment consists of nasal and maxillary correction followed by orthodontic rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five cases affected with Binder syndrome (age: 5-20 years old) were observed. Two patients were surgically treated in age 14 and 20-year-old. Nose correction was performed--elongation of skin nasal septum and bone graft to dorsum. Three patients need the orthodontic treatment of occlusal class III. There was no indication to corrective osteotomy of maxilla.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five year long-term result after surgical nose correction is excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment schedule in Binder syndrome depends on the progress of the symptoms in the face occlusion. Surgical treatment can be limited only to reconstruction of the nasal dorsum and apex or additionally maxillary advancement. Grafting to the osteo-chondral scafold of the nose can be carry out from 14-year-old, and osteotomy of the nose or maxilla should be planned after 18-year-old. Every patient affected with maxillonasal displasia requires consultation and orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Chirurgii Plastycznej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lodzi.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruk-Jeromin
authors.forename: Bogusław
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antoszewski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D019767:Maxillofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000002:abnormalities; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000002:abnormalities; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities; D009666:Nose / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome