title: Gene expression profiles characterize early graft response in living donor small bowel transplantation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cellular and histological events that occur during the regeneration process in invertebrates have been studied in the field of visceral regeneration. We would like to explore the molecular aspects of the regeneration process in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to characterize the gene expression profiles of the intestinal graft to identify which genes may have a role in regeneration of graft tissue posttransplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a patient undergoing living related small bowel transplantation (LRSBTx) in our institution, mucosal biopsies were obtained from the recipient intestine and donor graft at the time of transplant and at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 6 posttransplant. Total RNA was isolated from sample biopsies followed by gene expression profiles determined from the replicate samples (n = 3) for each biopsy using the Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 Human GeneChip set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two profiles were obtained from the data. One profile showed rapid increase of 45 genes immediately after transplant by week 1 with significant changes (P < .05) greater than threefold including the chemokine CXC9 and glutathione-related stress factors, GPX2 and GSTA4. The second profile identified 133 genes that were significantly decreased by threefold or greater immediately after transplant week 1, including UCC1, the human homolog of the Ependymin gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified two gene expression profiles representing early graft responses to small bowel transplantation. These profiles will serve to identify and study those genes whose products may play a role in accelerating tissue regeneration following segmental LRSBTx.
authors.affiliation: Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Medical School-UMass/Memorial Healthcare, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahari
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Uknis
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rastellini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cicalese
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000637:transplantation*; D019520:Living Donors; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D012313:RNA