title: Expression of carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 oncoprotein in atypical ductal hyperplastic tissues is associated with the development of invasive breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic studies have established that women with prior atypical ductal hyperplastic (ADH) lesions have a 5-fold increased risk of developing invasive breast cancer (IBC). However, there is currently no means of identifying a subclass of ADH from women who will most likely develop cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether elevated expression of carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in ADH tissues is associated with the development of IBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted with archival ADH tissues and clinical information on the development/nondevelopment of IBC. The control group was ADH from patients who had no prior history of IBC and did not develop cancer within 5 years after the diagnosis of ADH (n = 44). The test group was ADH from patients who either developed cancer concurrently or subsequently after diagnosis (ADHC; n = 44). The expression of CEACAM6 was studied by immunohistochemistry and the results were statistically analyzed for significant association to develop cancer (P value), specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 44 control ADH tissues from patients with no history of cancer, 9 were positive for CEACAM6. Among the ADHC tissues, 40 of 44 samples were positive. Statistical analysis of CEACAM6 expression data showed a significant association between its expression and cancer development, high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of CEACAM6 in ADH lesions is strongly associated with the development of IBC, therefore, it can be applied as a diagnostic marker either singly or in combination with other marker(s) to predict IBC development in women with ADH lesions. It could also be a potential molecular therapeutic target for preventing IBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA. ipoola@howard.edu
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poola
authors.forename: Babok
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shokrani
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: DeWitty
authors.forename: Qingqi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C504117:CEACAM6 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins