title: Behavioral stress and activated serotonergic neurotransmission induce XBP-1 splicing in the rat brain.
abstract: The splicing of 26 nucleotides in the coding region of the X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) transcript to generate a mature active transcription factor is a part of the unfolded protein response to intracellular endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this study, we demonstrated that XBP-1 splicing is promptly induced in the rat brain including the hippocampus by both inescapable electric foot shock (IS) and pharmacologically manipulated activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release in a dose-dependent manner. By administering ketanserin, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A antagonist, however, we could only partially block the increased splicing by IS and observed that the splicing was not influenced by lithium carbonate pretreatment. Although it is still unclear whether the enhanced unfolded protein response functions neuroprotectively by modulating the rate of general translation and increasing chaperone proteins or whether it eventually induces cellular damage by triggering apoptosis, the present results indicate the possible existence of a new adaptive intracellular signaling pathway in the brain that responds to environmentally challenged behavioral stress loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nibuya
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishijima
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakizono
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nomura
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605545:Xbp1 protein, rat; D012701:Serotonin; D019284:Thapsigargin