title: Development and preliminary experience with an ease of extractability rating system for prescription opioids.
abstract: One important factor in the abuse potential of an opioid product is the ease with which active drug can be extracted. There are currently no standards for testing or reporting extractability. This article describes the development of an Extractability Rating System for use by the pharmaceutical industry and regulators. Despite several limitations, this effort serves as a call for standardized testing and reporting so that products can be accurately rated, and should help establish goals for drug developers who wish to develop "abuse-resistant" opioid products.
authors.affiliation: Inflexxion, Inc., Newton, MA 02464, USA.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Budman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wing Venuti
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jasinski
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D015588:Observer Variation; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification*; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010098:Oxycodone; D005283:Fentanyl