title: Repair of articular cartilage lesions in aged chickens by allogeneic transplantation of fresh embryonic epiphyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential of fresh whole chick epiphyses of embryonic origin to serve as implant material for cartilage defects of aged chicken was tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh epiphyses of 11-day-old embryos were collected from 24 animals and transplanted into defects created in the weight-bearing areas of tibiotarsal joint cartilage of 2-year-old chicks. Upon sacrifice, samples were examined macroscopically and microsections were prepared for histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macroscopically, control defects remained empty at all the time intervals. Defects of the experimental group were, on the other hand, filled with cartilaginous tissue as early as 2 weeks posttransplantation, although individual epiphyses could still be noted in the implant tissue. At 4 weeks and later, defects were filled with cartilaginous material indistinguishable from hyaline cartilage. Histologically, all grafts remained within the defect's pits, showing mitotic and metabolic activity typical to proliferating hyaline cartilage. The engrafted epiphyses showed a partial incorporation and integration with the surrounding host tissues already at 2 weeks. At 4 weeks and later, the integration was complete.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that a chick embryonic epiphyseal cartilage is suitable as a graft source for articular cartilage transplantation. The embryonic epiphyses provide immediate inherent stability to the graft and supply a good mix of mesenchymal progenitor cells responsible for the high rate of cell proliferation and adhesion to the differentiated committed chondrocytes of the host that create the typical favorable chondrogenic milieu. Based on the present findings, it is postulated that human embryonic epiphyses may, in the future, represent an alternative source to the commonly used techniques of hyaline cartilage repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, The Golda Campus, Petah-Tikva, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nevo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014945:Wound Healing