title: Guard cells in albino leaf patches do not respond to photosynthetically active radiation, but are sensitive to blue light, CO2 and abscisic acid.
abstract: Stomatal openings can be stimulated by light through two signalling pathways. The first pathway is blue light specific and involves phototropins, while the second pathway mediates a response to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). This second pathway was studied with the use of albino Vicia faba plants and variegated leaves of Chlorophytum comosum. Treatment of V. faba with norflurazon (Nf) inhibits the synthesis of carotenoids and leads to albino leaves with guard cells that lack functional green chloroplasts. Guard cells in albino leaf patches of C. comosum, however, do contain photosynthetically active chloroplasts. Stomata in albino leaf patches of both plants did not respond to red light, although blue light could still induce stomatal opening. This shows that the response to PAR is not functioning in albino leaf patches, even though guard cells of C. comosum harbour chloroplasts. Stomata of Nf-treated plants still responded to CO2 and abscisic acid (ABA). The size of Nf-treated guard cells was increased, but impalement studies with double-barrelled microelectrodes revealed no changes in ion-transport properties at the plasma membrane of guard cells. Blue light could hyperpolarize albino guard cells by triggering outward currents with peak values of 37 pA in albino plants and 51 pA in green control cells. Because of the inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis, Nf-treated V. faba plants contained only 4% of the ABA content found in green control plants. The ABA dose dependence of anion channel activation in guard cells was shifted in these plants, causing a reduced response to 10 microM ABA. These data show that despite the dramatic changes in physiology caused by Nf, the gross responsiveness of guard cells to blue light, CO2 and ABA remains unaltered. Stomata in albino leaf patches, however, do not respond to PAR, but require photosynthetically active mesophyll cells for this response.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Biocenter, Würzburg University, Germany.
authors.forename: M Rob G
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Roelfsema
authors.forename: Kai R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marten
authors.forename: George K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Psaras
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hedrich
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000070357:Asparagaceae / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000528:radiation effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011827:Radiation; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D011724:Pyridazines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002338:Carotenoids; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C008677:norflurazone