title: Role of medical students in preventing patient harm and enhancing patient safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substantial efforts are focused on the high prevalence of patient harm due to medical errors and the mechanisms to prevent them. The potential role of the medical student as a valuable member of the team in preventing patient harm has, however, often been overlooked.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cases are presented from two US academic health centers in which medical students prevented or were in a position to prevent patient harm from occurring. The authors directly participated in each case.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The types of harm prevented included averting non-sterile conditions, missing medications, mitigating exposure to highly contagious patients, and respecting patients' "do not resuscitate" requests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical students are often overlooked as valuable participants in ensuring patient safety. These cases show that medical students may be an untapped resource for medical error prevention. Medical students should be trained to recognize errors and to speak up when errors occur. Those supervising students should welcome and encourage students to actively communicate observed errors and near misses and should work to eliminate all intimidation by medical hierarchy that can prevent students from being safety advocates.
authors.affiliation: The University of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Comer Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. seiden@uchicago.edu
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Seiden
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galvan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamm
mesh_terms: D002982:Clinical Clerkship; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D005239:Fear; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D017751:Safety Management; D012962:Sociology, Medical; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States