title: Voltage- and Ca2+-activated potassium channels in Ca2+ store control Ca2+ release.
abstract: Ca2+ release from Ca2+ stores is a 'quantal' process; it terminates after a rapid release of stored Ca2+. To explain the quantal nature, it has been supposed that a decrease in luminal Ca2+ acts as a 'brake' on store release. However, the mechanism for the attenuation of Ca2+ efflux remains unknown. We show that Ca2+ release is controlled by voltage- and Ca2+-activated potassium channels in the Ca2+ store. The potassium channel was identified as the big or maxi-K (BK)-type, and was activated by positive shifts in luminal potential and luminal Ca2+ increases, as revealed by patch-clamp recordings from an exposed nuclear envelope. The blockage or closure of the store BK channel due to Ca2+ efflux developed lumen-negative potentials, as revealed with an organelle-specific voltage-sensitive dye [DiOC5(3); 3,3'-dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide], and suppressed Ca2+ release. The store BK channels are reactivated by Ca2+ uptake by Ca2+ pumps regeneratively with K+ entry to allow repetitive Ca2+ release. Indeed, the luminal potential oscillated bistably by approximately 45 mV in amplitude. Our study suggests that Ca2+ efflux-induced store BK channel closures attenuate Ca2+ release with decreases in counter-influx of K+.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology I, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan. yama@naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugioka
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018274:Electroporation; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D002118:Calcium