title: Laser-guided assembly of heterotypic three-dimensional living cell microarrays.
abstract: We have assembled three-dimensional heterotypic networks of living cells in hydrogel without loss of viability using arrays of time-multiplexed, holographic optical traps. The hierarchical control of the cell positions is achieved with, to our knowledge, unprecedented submicron precision, resulting in arrays with an intercell separation <400 nm. In particular, we have assembled networks of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts surrounded by a ring of bacteria. We have also demonstrated the ability to manipulate hundreds of Pseudomonas aeruginosa simultaneously into two- and three-dimensional arrays with a time-averaged power <2 mW per trap. This is the first time to our knowledge that living cell arrays of such complexity have been synthesized, and it represents a milestone in synthetic biology and tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 61801, USA.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Akselrod
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Timp
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mirsaidov
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Timp
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matsudaira
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Timp
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*