Zoonotic protozoa--food for thought.
Outbreaks of water- and foodborne diseases caused by Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Toxoplasma are well documented. Three features of these zoonotic protozoa ensure a high level of environmental contamination and enhance the likelihood of waterborne transmission. Firstly, they are responsible for disease in a broad range of hosts including man, have a low infectious dose enhancing the possibility of zoonotic transmission, secondly, their transmissive stages are small in size and environmentally robust and thirdly are insensitive to the disinfectants commonly used in the water industry. In addition, there is growing evidence for the role that water and food can play in the transmission of the microsporidia, Balantidium and Blastocystis to humans.
Smith
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Scottish Parasite Diagnostic Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow G21 3UW, Scotland, UK.
Nichols
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D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000469:parasitology; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000469:parasitology; D016844:Blastocystis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016776:Blastocystis Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005506:Food Contamination; D016266:Food Parasitology; D005872:Giardia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005873:Giardiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016814:Microsporidia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000635:transmission; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012722:Sewage / Q000469:parasitology; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D014876:Water Pollution; D015047:Zoonoses
D012722:Sewage; D014867:Water