title: Diffusion tensor imaging in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alignment of white matter axons as inferred from diffusion tensor imaging has indicated changes in schizophrenia in frontal and frontotemporal white matter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diffusion tensor anisotropy and anatomical magnetic resonance images were acquired in 64 patients with schizophrenia and 55 normal volunteers. Anatomical images were acquired with a magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo sequence, and diffusion tensor images used a pulsed gradient spin-echo acquisition. Images were aligned and warped to a standard brain, and anisotropy in normal volunteers and patients was compared using significance probability mapping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients showed widespread areas of reduced anisotropy, including the frontal white matter, the corpus callosum, and the frontal longitudinal fasciculus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, which are consistent with earlier reports of frontal decreases in anisotropy, demonstrate that the effects are most prominent in frontal and callosal areas and are particularly widespread in frontal white matter regions.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Positron Emission Tomography Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. monte.buchsbaum@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Monte S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Bradley R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Buchsbaum
authors.forename: King-Wai
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Erin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hazlett
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newmark
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: Yuliya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Torosjan
authors.forename: Cheuk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gorman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016880:Anisotropy; D001931:Brain Mapping; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*