title: An investigation into the effect of surface roughness of stainless steel on human umbilical vein endothelial cell gene expression.
abstract: The surface properties of vascular devices dictate the initial postimplantation reactions that occur and thus the efficacy of the implantation procedure. Over the last number of years, a number of different stent designs have emerged and stents are generally polished to a mirror finish during the manufacturing procedure. This study sought to investigate the effect of stainless steel surface roughness on endothelial cell gene expression using an appropriate cell culture in vitro assay system. Stainless steel discs were roughened by shot blasting or polished by mechanical polishing. The surface roughness of the treated and untreated discs was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cells were seeded on collagen type 1 gels and left to attach for 24 h. Stainless steel discs of varying roughness were then placed in contact with the cells and incubated for 24 h. RNA extractions and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed to determine the expression levels of candidate genes in the treated cells compared to suitable control cells. E-selectin and vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) were found to be significantly up-regulated in cells incubated with polished and roughened samples, indicating endothelial cell activation and inflammation. This study indicates that the surface roughness of stainless steel is an important surface property in the development of vascular stents.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland. emily.mclucas@nuigalway.ie
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McLucas
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rochev
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000235:genetics; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000592:standards; D015607:Stents / Q000592:standards; D013499:Surface Properties; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D013193:Stainless Steel