title: Effect of suckling isotonic or hypertonic solutions of sodium bicarbonate or glucose on abomasal emptying rate in calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare the abomasal emptying rates in calves suckling milk replacer or an isotonic or hypertonic solution of NaHCO(3) or glucose.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 male Holstein-Friesian calves that were < 30 days of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer or isotonic (300 mOsm/L) or hypertonic (600 mOsm/L) solutions of NaHCO(3) or glucose containing acetaminophen (50 mg/kg). Venous blood samples and transabdominal ultrasonographic abomasal dimensions were obtained periodically after feeding, and abomasal luminal pH was continuously monitored by placement of a luminal pH electrode through an abomasal cannula. Abomasal emptying rate was assessed by the time to maximal plasma acetaminophen concentration, ultrasonographic determination of the half-time of abomasal emptying, and the time for luminal pH to return to within 1 pH unit of the preprandial value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertonic NaHCO(3) solution was emptied slower than an isotonic NaHCO(3) solution, isotonic glucose solution was emptied slower than an isotonic NaHCO(3) solution, and hypertonic glucose solution emptied slower than an isotonic glucose solution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An electrolyte solution for oral administration with a high osmolarity and glucose concentration may lead to a slower resuscitation of dehydrated diarrheic calves because such solutions decrease the abomasal emptying rate and therefore the rate of solution delivery to the small intestine. Whether slowing of the abomasal emptying rate in dehydrated diarrheic calves suckling an oral electrolyte solution is clinically important remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Constable
authors.forename: Tessa S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000378:metabolism; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000082:Acetaminophen; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D005947:Glucose