title: Neither race nor gender influences the usefulness of amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide testing in dyspneic subjects: a ProBNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE) substudy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is useful for the diagnosis and exclusion of congestive heart failure (HF). Little is known about the effect of race on NT-proBNP concentrations. Also, NT-proBNP levels may be higher in apparently well women, but the effect of gender on NT-proBNP concentrations in dyspneic patients is not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NT-proBNP (Elecsys proBNP, Roche, Indianapolis, IN) was measured in 599 dyspneic patients in a prospective study. Of these, 44 were African American; 295 were female. NT-proBNP levels were examined according to race and gender in patients with and without acute HF using analysis of covariance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves assessed NT-proBNP by race and gender. Cutpoints for diagnosis (450, 900, and 1800 pg/mL for ages < 50, 50 to 75, and > 75 years) and exclusion (300 pg/mL) were examined in African-American and female subjects. There was no difference in the rates of acute HF between African-American and non-African-American (30% versus 35%, P = .44) or male and female (35% versus 35%, P = .86) subjects. In subjects with HF, there was no difference in median NT-proBNP concentrations between African American and non-African American (6196 versus 3597 pg/mL, P = .37). In subjects without HF, unadjusted NT-proBNP levels were lower in African-American subjects than in non-African-American subjects (68 versus 148 pg/mL, P < .03); however, when adjusted for factors known to influence NT-proBNP concentrations (age, prior HF, creatinine clearance, atrial fibrillation, and body mass index), race no longer significantly affected NT-proBNP concentrations. There was no statistical difference in median NT-proBNP concentrations between male and female subjects with (4686 versus 3622 pg/mL, P = .53) or without HF (116 pg/mL versus 150 pg/mL, P = .62). Among African Americans, NT-proBNP had an area under the ROC for acute HF of 0.96 (P < .0001), and at optimal cutpoints, had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90%. Among females, NT-proBNP had an area under the ROC for acute HF of 0.95 (P < .0001), and had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 88%; 300 pg/mL had negative predictive value of 100% in African Americans and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NT-proBNP is useful for the diagnosis and exclusion of acute HF in dyspneic subjects, irrespective of race or gender.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Krauser
authors.forename: Annabel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Saif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anwaruddin
authors.forename: Aaron L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Baggish
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Januzzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain