title: Effect of xenon on catecholamine and hemodynamic responses to surgical noxious stimulation in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of xenon in combination anesthesia with sevoflurane on the catecholamine and hemodynamic responses to surgical noxious stimulation in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 32 female ASA physical status I and II patients, age 20-58 years, scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups: group X50-S1.5, 50% xenon and 1.5% sevoflurane; group X70-S1.5, 70% xenon and 1.5% sevoflurane; group G70-S1.5, 70% nitrous oxide and 1.5% sevoflurane; and group S2.8, 2.8% sevoflurane. No premedication was administered to the patients, and anesthesia was induced by administration of sevoflurane in oxygen and 0.10 to 0.15 mg/kg of vecuronium. After tracheal intubation, the combination of anesthetics was started, and skin incision was performed after equilibration for more than 15 minutes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systolic blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were recorded, and the plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine (E), and dopamine were measured 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 minutes after skin incision.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximal increase in the E concentration and the values of the area under the curve for E were significantly smaller in the X50-S1.5 and X70-S1.5 groups compared with that in the S2.8 group (P<0.05). At 1 minute after incision, the HR in X50-S1.5 was significantly lower than those in G70-S1.5 and S2.8 groups and the HR in X70-S1.5 was lower than that in S2.8 group (P<0.01). The systolic blood pressure in S2.8 group at 1 minute was significantly higher than those of other groups (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination anesthesia using xenon and sevoflurane suppresses the plasma E concentration and hemodynamic response after skin incision more effectively than sevoflurane anesthesia alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan. je2fbw@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takasumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bito
authors.forename: Shigehito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013997:Time Factors; D014978:Xenon / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002395:Catecholamines; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014978:Xenon; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine