title: The impact of gender on vessel size in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Female gender has been associated with worse clinical outcomes following coronary revascularization. Whether a gender-specific difference in vessel size is contributing to this finding remains controversial. We sought to better define the relationship between gender and coronary artery size.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline characteristics were obtained and quantitative coronary angiography was performed on 145 consecutive patients with angiographically normal (smooth luminal surface with no evidence of any irregularity in the coronary tree) coronary arteries. Two separate orthogonal measurements each were taken of the left main, proximal left anterior descending, proximal circumflex, proximal right coronary artery, and ostial posterior descending arteries. An average coronary size, derived from five separate coronary artery measurements, was tabulated for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After correcting for confounding variables, including BSA, height, diabetes, and left ventricular hypertrophy using multivariate linear regression, female gender remained a strong independent predictor of coronary vessel size (Beta =-0.30, P = 0.004). Female gender was associated with a 0.30 mm decrease in average coronary size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender is a strong, independent predictor of coronary artery size even when taking into account differences in body size. This difference may contribute to worse outcomes of women undergoing coronary revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA. fey2002@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Minutello
authors.forename: Sherrita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhagan
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S Chiu
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors