title: [Resistance in the hematophagous arthropods--problem on the rise. II: The consequences of resistance and management strategies to avoid resistance development].
abstract: Insecticide resistance has been a problem in all insects groups. Resistance has developed to every chemical class of insecticide, including microbial drugs and insect growth regulators. The result of rising resistance could be either increase in the number of arthropods cumbersome, like lice, or spread of arthropod-borne diseases, like malaria. The main tool of prevention against resistance is surveillance of the susceptibility of populations. Careful scrutiny of current information about vector resistance shows that the full effect of resistance on control efforts is not known. Resistance management strategies are dependent on early detection of the occurrence of resistance and efficient monitoring of resistance gene frequencies in populations. Detection of the susceptibility of a population could be shown trough bioassay, biochemical assay, or molecular assay. Resistance management can help avoid resistance development in populations or slow the rate of resistance development.
authors.affiliation: Instytut Parazytologii im. W. Stefańskiego PAN, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa. elba@twarda.pan.pl
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kedra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001179:Arthropod Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D003634:DDT / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta / Q000502:physiology*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000145:classification; D009154:Mutation; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods; D013987:Ticks / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D003634:DDT