title: Psychological processes underlying delusional thinking in late-onset psychosis: a preliminary investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that delusions may serve as a defence against negative self-representations. The present study investigated general psychological well-being and evidence for defensive emotional processes among people with late-onset psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performance and responses of older people with late-onset psychosis (n = 13), older people with depression (n = 15), and age-matched healthy controls (n = 15) were compared in a cross-sectional design. Participants rated their own levels of depression and self-esteem, and completed an emotional Stroop task to establish whether there was evidence of implicit depression in the absence of explicit acknowledgement. Participants rated themselves on a number of personal attributes in relation to two life stages to generate discrepancies in 'actual', 'ideal' and 'other' self-concepts, and completed measures of their perceptions of current and past psychological well-being.
  
  
  RESULTS
  People with late-onset psychosis showed no evidence of overt depression or low-self esteem. All three groups showed an attentional bias to depression-related and age-related words, although response times overall were faster for controls. The psychosis group showed no discrepancies between either their past or their current 'actual' and 'other' self-concepts, suggesting that they do not have more negative views about how others see them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence from this study does not support the application of the 'delusion-as-defence' model to late-onset psychosis, but methodological constraints must be borne in mind when interpreting the findings.
authors.affiliation: University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clare
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D003702:Delusions / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept