title: Tricuspid annular displacement predicts survival in pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Right ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of prognosis in pulmonary hypertension. However, noninvasive assessment of the RV function is often limited by complex geometry and poor endocardial definition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the degree of tricuspid annular displacement (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]) is a useful echo-derived measure of RV function with prognostic significance in pulmonary hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 63 consecutive patients with pulmonary hypertension who were referred for a clinically indicated right heart catheterization. Patients underwent right heart catheterization immediately followed by transthoracic echocardiogram and TAPSE measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the overall cohort, a TAPSE of less than 1.8 cm was associated with greater RV systolic dysfunction (cardiac index, 1.9 vs. 2.7 L/min/m2; RV % area change, 24 vs. 33%), right heart remodeling (right atrial area index, 17.0 vs. 12.1 cm(2)/m), and RV-left ventricular (LV) disproportion (RV/LV diastolic area, 1.7 vs. 1.2; all p < 0.001), versus a TAPSE of 1.8 cm or greater. In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH; n = 47), survival estimates at 1 and 2 yr were 94 and 88%, respectively, in those with a TAPSE of 1.8 cm or greater versus 60 and 50%, respectively, in subjects with a TAPSE less than 1.8 cm. The unadjusted risk of death (hazard ratio) in patients with a TAPSE less than 1.8 versus 1.8 cm or greater was 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-24.9; p = 0.02) for the PAH cohort. For every 1-mm decrease in TAPSE, the unadjusted risk of death increased by 17% (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.30; p = 0.006), which persisted after adjusting for other echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables and baseline treatment status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TAPSE powerfully reflects RV function and prognosis in PAH.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Asthma & Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Forfia
authors.forename: Micah R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Housten-Harris
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hemnes
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Borlaug
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chamera
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Corretti
authors.forename: Hunter C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: Theodore P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Reda E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Girgis
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hassoun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right