title: Axial-wall inclination angle and vertical height interactions in molar full crown preparations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study has been designed to evaluate the interaction of axial wall heights with inclination angles in full crown tooth preparations. The interaction of these parameters was related to the resulting preparation surface area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A right regular pyramid was used to simulate a single mandibular molar preparation with known convergence angles and vertical heights. Various combinations of these two variables allowed the calculation of surface areas with a formula for the area of a pyramid and right triangles through trigonometric manipulations. The pyramidal model system had a 9-mm square base with vertical heights from 3- to 5-mm and single-side inclination angles from 2 to 25 degrees. The occlusal surface was a flat, square or rectangular surface and was included in the total area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A percentage of surface area lost or gained served as the dependent variables. The significance levels were set at 10.0% or greater magnitude of loss/gain in a surface area compared to the ideal 2 degree-level. Significant area loss was demonstrated in all alpha-level comparisons. The largest change was found in the 5-mm height grouping compared to the 3-mm height grouping, -36.6% difference between groups at the 2 degree-level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axial single-side inclination angles greater than 10 degrees in 3- and 4-mm height-molars are detrimental to maximum surface area in full crown restorations. The 5-mm axial wall height with < or = 10 degree single wall has been shown to maximize the luting agent surface area between restoration and tooth structure.
authors.affiliation: Postdoctoral Prosthodontics Division, Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, 100 E. Newton St., Boston, MA 02118, USA. jbowley@bu.edu
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bowley
authors.forename: Jules
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kieser
mesh_terms: D003442:Crowns; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D019231:Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements