title: Infant weight-for-length is positively associated with subsequent linear growth across four different populations.
abstract: Several studies have documented that length gain often lags behind weight gain during infancy and early childhood, suggesting that linear growth is partly regulated by initial body mass or fatness. To investigate this hypothesis, we analysed data from four longitudinal studies on growth of infants in the first 12 months: (1) U.S. breast-fed and formula-fed infants (n = 89); (2) breast-fed infants in Ghana (n = 190); (3) normal birthweight, breast-fed infants in Honduras (n = 108); and (4) term, low-birthweight breast-fed infants in Honduras (n = 119). The dependent variable was length gain during each 3-month interval (1- 4, 2-5, 3-6, 4-7, 5-8, 6-9, 7-10, 8-11 and 9-12 months). Three main independent variables were examined: initial weight-for-length z-score (W/L), weight change during the prior 3 months, and initial skinfold thickness. Controlling for maternal height, infant sex, and initial length-for-age z-score, length gain was positively correlated with initial W/L and prior weight change during all age intervals and with initial skinfold thickness at 3 and 4 months (r = 0.15-0.36; P < 0.01). There was no evidence of a threshold effect. These associations were evident in all four populations, in both boys and girls, and in breast-fed and formula-fed infants. The consistency of this relationship across studies supports the hypothesis that linear growth is partly regulated by initial body mass or fatness in infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, 95616-8669, USA. kgdewey@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: Mette G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hawck
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lartey
authors.forename: Roberta J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peerson
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006721:Honduras; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014481:United States