title: Nitric oxide modulation of norepinephrine production in acupuncture points.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of norepinephrine (NE) turnover in skin tissues and to determine the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on NE production in acupuncture points (acupoints) and meridians. The rats were pretreated with alpha-methyl-tyrosine methyl ester and intravenously infused with L-(2,3,5,6-(3)H)-tyrosine. Blood was withdrawn and skin tissues were excised from the low skin resistance points, non-acupoint, and non-meridian areas located on leg, arm, or trunk. The results showed that the skin NE concentration and (3)H-NE release in acupoints were significantly higher than those in non-acupoints and non-meridian controls. (3)H-NE releases in the acupoints were increased by intravenous infusion of 2-N,N-diethylamino-diazenolate-2-oxide, an NO donor, but lowered by N(G)-Propyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of neuronal NO synthesis. NE turnover rates in the acupoints were lower in the NO donor treated group while the inhibitor of NO synthesis reversed the trend. In contrast, NE turnover rates were not altered by NO donor and inhibitor of NO synthesis in non-acupoint and non-meridian control tissues. This is the first evidence that NE turnover was consistently decreased in acupoints and enhanced NE synthesis/release in acupoints were facilitated by presence of an NO donor and inhibited by an inhibitor of NO synthesis. The data suggest that skin NE synthesis/release in acupoints/meridians is increased in skin acupoints, which is modulated by L-arginine-derived NO synthesis in sympathetic nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson Street, RB-1 Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
authors.forename: Jia-Xu
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Basil O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Sheng-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004048:Diethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004048:Diethylamines; C109599:N(omega)-propylarginine; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C087229:diethylamine dinitric oxide adduct; D001120:Arginine; D009638:Norepinephrine