title: Financial implications of glycemic control: results of an inpatient diabetes management program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To determine the financial implications associated with changes in clinical outcomes resulting from implementation of an inpatient diabetes management program and (2) to describe the strategies involved in the formation of this program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The various factors that influence financial outcomes are examined, and previous and current outcomes are compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Associations exist between hyperglycemia, length of stay, and hospital costs. Implementation of an inpatient diabetes management program, based on published guidelines, has been shown to increase the use of scheduled medications to treat hyperglycemia and increase the frequency of physician intervention for glucose readings outside desired ranges. Results from implementing this program have included a reduction in the average glucose level in the medical intensive care unit through use of protocols driven to initiate intravenous insulin once the glucose level exceeds 140 mg/dL. Additionally, glucose levels have been reduced throughout the hospital, primarily because of interactions between diabetes nurse care managers and the primary care team. Associated with these lower glucose levels are a decreased prevalence of central line infections and shorter lengths of stay. The reduction in the length of stay for patients with diabetes has resulted in a savings of more than 2 million dollars for the year and has yielded a 467% return on investment for the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improved blood glucose control during the hospitalization of patients with known hyperglycemia is associated with reduced morbidity, reduced hospital length of stay, and cost savings. The implementation of an inpatient diabetes management program can provide better glycemic control, thereby improving outcomes for hyperglycemic patients while saving the hospital money.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University and the Inpatient Diabetes Program, Pitt County Memorial Hospital Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007297:Inpatients; D007902:Length of Stay; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose