title: A chromosome 8 gene-cluster polymorphism with low human beta-defensin 2 gene copy number predisposes to Crohn disease of the colon.
abstract: Defensins are endogenous antimicrobial peptides that protect the intestinal mucosa against bacterial invasion. It has been suggested that deficient defensin expression may underlie the chronic inflammation of Crohn disease (CD). The DNA copy number of the beta-defensin gene cluster on chromosome 8p23.1 is highly polymorphic within the healthy population, which suggests that the defective beta-defensin induction in colonic CD could be due to low beta-defensin-gene copy number. Here, we tested this hypothesis, using genomewide DNA copy number profiling by array-based comparative genomic hybridization and quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction analysis of the human beta-defensin 2 (HBD-2) gene. We showed that healthy individuals, as well as patients with ulcerative colitis, have a median of 4 (range 2-10) HBD-2 gene copies per genome. In a surgical cohort with ileal or colonic CD and in a second large cohort with inflammatory bowel diseases, those with ileal resections/disease exhibited a normal median HBD-2 copy number of 4, whereas those with colonic CD had a median of only 3 copies per genome (P=.008 for the surgical cohort; P=.032 for the second cohort). Overall, the copy number distribution in colonic CD was shifted to lower numbers compared with controls (P=.002 for both the surgical cohort and the cohort with inflammatory bowel diseases). Individuals with < or = 3 copies have a significantly higher risk of developing colonic CD than did individuals with > or = 4 copies (odds ratio 3.06; 95% confidence interval 1.46-6.45). An HBD-2 gene copy number of < 4 was associated with diminished mucosal HBD-2 mRNA expression (P=.033). In conclusion, a lower HBD-2 gene copy number in the beta-defensin locus predisposes to colonic CD, most likely through diminished beta-defensin expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany. klaus.fellermann@rbk.de
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fellermann
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stange
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schaeffeler
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmalzl
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wehkamp
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bevins
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reinisch
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teml
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwab
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lichter
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Radlwimmer
authors.forename: Eduard F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Stange
mesh_terms: D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 / Q000235:genetics*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015870:Gene Expression; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D005810:Multigene Family; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D023083:beta-Defensins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C106641:DEFB4A protein, human; D023083:beta-Defensins