title: Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of rofecoxib analogues as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs).
abstract: A group of 4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2(5H)furanones possessing an acetyl, 3-oxobut-1-ynyl, [hydroxyl(or alkoxy)imino]alkyl, [hydroxyl(or alkoxy)imino]alkynyl, and N-alkoxy(or N-phenoxy)carbonyl-N-hydroxy-N-ethylamino substituents at the para-position of the C-3 phenyl ring of rofecoxib were synthesized. This group of compounds was designed for evaluation as dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) that exhibit in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. In vitro COX-1/COX-2, and 5-LOX/15-LOX, isozyme inhibition structure-activity relationships identified 3-[4-(1-hydroxyimino)ethylphenyl]-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)furanone (17a) having an optimal combination of COX-2 (COX-2 IC50 = 1.4 microM; COX-2 SI > 71), and 5-LOX and 15 LOX (5-LOX IC50 = 0.28 microM; 15-LOX IC50 = 0.32 microM), inhibitory effects. It was also discovered that 3-[4-(3-hydroxyiminobut-1-ynyl)phenyl]-4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-2(5H)furanone (18a) possesses dual COX-2 (IC50 = 2.7 microM) and 5-LOX (IC50 = 0.30 microM) inhibitor actions. Further in vivo studies employing a rat carrageenan-induced paw edema model showed that the oxime compounds (17a, 18a) were more potent anti-inflammatory agents than the 5-LOX inhibitor caffeic acid, and 15-LOX inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), but less potent than the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. The results of this investigation showed that incorporation of a para-oxime moiety on the C-3 phenyl ring of rofecoxib provides a suitable template for the design of dual inhibitors of the COX and LOX enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada T6G 2N8.
authors.forename: Qiao-Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P N Praveen
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Knaus
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007783:Lactones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013450:Sulfones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1