title: PACAP stimulates the release of interleukin-6 in cultured rat Müller cells.
abstract: We have investigated the in vivo effect of PACAP on rat Müller cells that are the predominant glial element in the retina. Müller cells were treated with PACAP38, either alone or in the presence of the PACAP-selective antagonist, PACAP6-38. Cellular proliferation was determined by measuring the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, while interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the culture medium were examined using a B9 cell bioassay. In cultured rat Müller cells, the expression of PACAP receptor (PAC1-R) was assessed with immunohistochemistry using a PAC1-R-specific antiserum. PACAP stimulated IL-6 production in Müller cells at a concentration as low as 10(-12) M, which was not sufficient to induce cell proliferation. This elevation of IL-6 production was significantly inhibited by PACAP6-38. These data suggest that Müller cells are one of the target cells for PACAP, stimulating the release of IL-6, and providing a mechanism whereby PACAP exerts a significant neuroprotective effect in the retina.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology, Kozawa Eye Hospital Eye Research Center, 2-2-11 Gokencho, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0063, Japan. t.seki@kozawa-ganka.or.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hinohara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itho
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takenoya
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shioda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I