title: KCNMB1 regulates surface expression of a voltage and Ca2+-activated K+ channel via endocytic trafficking signals.
abstract: Voltage-dependent and calcium-activated K(+) (MaxiK, BK) channels are ubiquitously expressed and have various physiological roles including regulation of neurotransmitter release and smooth muscle tone. Coexpression of the pore-forming alpha (hSlo) subunit of MaxiK channels with a regulatory beta1 subunit (KCNMB1) produces noninactivating currents that are distinguished by high voltage/Ca(2+) sensitivities and altered pharmacology [McManus OB, Helms LM, Pallanck L, Ganetzky B, Swanson R, Leonard RJ (1995) Functional role of the beta subunit of high conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. Neuron 14:645-650; Wallner M, Meera P, Ottolia M, Kaczorowski G, Latorre R, Garcia ML, Stefani E, Toro L (1995) Characterization of and modulation by a beta-subunit of a human maxi K(Ca) channel cloned from myometrium. Receptors Channels 3:185-199]. We now show that beta1 can regulate hSlo traffic as well, resulting in decreased hSlo surface expression. beta1 subunit expressed alone is able to reach the plasma membrane; in addition, it exhibits a distinct intracellular punctated pattern that colocalizes with an endosomal marker. Coexpressing beta1 subunit with hSlo, switches hSlo's rather diffuse intracellular expression to a punctate cytoplasmic localization that overlaps beta1 expression. Furthermore, coexpressed beta1 subunit reduces steady-state hSlo surface expression. Site-directed mutagenesis underscores a role of a putative endocytic signal at the beta1 C-terminus in the control of hSlo surface expression. We propose that aside from its well-established role as regulator of hSlo electrical activity, beta1 can regulate hSlo expression levels by means of an endocytic mechanism. This highlights a new beta1 subunit feature that regulates hSlo channels by a trafficking mechanism.
authors.affiliation: South Texas Arthritis Center, Brownsville, TX 78526, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garrido-Sanabria
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toro
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zarei
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection / Q000295:instrumentation; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D021122:Protein Subunits; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein