title: Improving comfort and communication in the ICU: a practical new tool for palliative care performance measurement and feedback.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a practical set of measures for routine monitoring, performance feedback, and improvement in the quality of palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Use of an interdisciplinary iterative process to create a prototype "bundle" of indicators within previously established domains of ICU palliative care quality; operationalization of indicators as specified measures; and pilot implementation to evaluate feasibility and baseline ICU performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The national Transformation of the Intensive Care Unit program developed in the United States by VHA Inc.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critically ill patients in ICUs for 1, > 3, and > 5 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Palliative care processes including identification of patient preferences and decision making surrogates, communication between clinicians and patients/families, social and spiritual support, and pain assessment and management, as documented in medical records. Application is triggered by specified lengths of ICU stay. Pilot testing in 19 ICUs (review of > 100 patients' records) documented feasibility, while revealing opportunities for quality improvement in clinician-patient/family communication and other key components of ICU palliative care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new bundle of measures is a prototype for routine measurement of the quality of palliative care in the ICU. Further investigation is needed to confirm associations between measured processes and outcomes of importance to patients and families, as well as other aspects of validity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. judith.nelson@mountsinai.org
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mulkerin
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pronovost
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003422:Critical Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D003657:Decision Making; D005246:Feedback; D006788:Hospitals, Voluntary / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000592:standards*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D016730:Program Development; D019727:Proxy; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D029181:Spirituality; D014481:United States