title: Indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus western blot results in Iranian patients with discordant screening assay results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Western blot (WB) assay is the most widely accepted confirmatory assay for the detection and confirmation of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and 2 (HIV-2). However, indeterminate WB reactivity to HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteins may occur in individuals who do not appear to be infected with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we describe the results of indeterminate WB reactivity in Iranian patients with discordant screening assays. The samples were obtained from the Iranian Blood Transfusion Center, Tehran, Iran and evaluated in the Biotechnology Process Development Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran between 2003 and 2004. A total of 4707 were tested for the presence of HIV-1 antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hundred and four (12.8%) patients tested for HIV were positive for HIV-1 antibody. Nine (1.49%) have discordant results among screening assays and indeterminate WB results as interpreted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria. Most (66.7%) of these indeterminate WB results were due to p24 reactivity. However, 2 (22.2%) display reactivity to both gp41 and gp120 proteins [Positive by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria]. Of 9 WB assays initially indeterminate by the CDC criteria and with follow-up samples, 8 (88.8%) became negative when retested subsequently while one (11.1%) remained indeterminate for more than a year and were thus considered negative. In addition, all the indeterminate samples were negative when assessed by polymerase chain reaction assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, there was an 88.8% concordance between the CDC and WHO criteria for an indeterminate WB result. The CDC II criteria best met the specified objectives for diagnosis in our setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravanshad
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahboudi
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sabahi
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bayanolhagh
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies