title: Elevated mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferase-1 as an independent prognostic factor in primary nonsmall cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite many reports about the involvement of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in human cancers, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the clinicopathologic significance of DNMTs in primary NSCLC remains to be elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relation between the mRNA levels of DNMTs (1 and 3b) and the promoter methylation of the p16, RARbeta2, H-cadherin, GSTP1, RIZ, and FHIT genes and the clinicopathologic features in 102 fresh-frozen tissues and paraffin blocks were retrospectively studied. The mRNA levels of the DNMTs were assessed via semiquantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the methylation status of the CpG islands were determined by methylation-specific PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3b were elevated in 53% and 58% of 102 NSCLCs, respectively. Hypermethylation of p16, RARbeta2, H-cadherin, GSTP1, RIZ, and FHIT occurred in 37%, 38%, 34%, 18%, 9%, and 31% of patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that elevated DNMT mRNA levels were not significantly associated with the hypermethylation of 6 genes. However, the elevated mRNA levels of DNMT1 were determined to be significantly associated with the hypermethylation of the p16 promoter (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02-7.15; P = .02), after controlling for age, gender, pack-years smoked, histology, and pathologic stage. The hazard of failure in cases with elevated mRNA levels of DNMT1 was 3.51 (95% CI, 1.18-12.76; P = .02) times higher than that in those without. The elevated mRNA levels of DNMT3b were not ultimately associated with patient prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated mRNA expression of DNMT1 may be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC and CpG island hypermethylation in NSCLC may be maintained by a complex interaction of several factors rather than by a simple transcriptional up-regulation of DNMT1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hojoong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jin Seuk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joungho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young Mog
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Joobae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Duk-Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D018899:CpG Islands; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000076123:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; C000619380:DNMT1 protein, human