title: Degradation of carbazole and its derivatives by a Pseudomonas sp.
abstract: Carbazole, carbazoles with monomethyl or dimethyls substituted on different positions (C(1)-carbazoles or C(2)-carbazoles), and benzocarbazoles, as toxic and mutagenic components of petroleum and creosote contamination, were biodegradable by an isolated bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. XLDN4-9. C(1)-carbazoles were degraded in preference to carbazole and C(2)-carbazoles. The biodegradation of C(1)-carbazoles or C(2)-carbazoles was influenced by the positions of methyl substitutions. Among C(1)-carbazole isomers, 1-methyl carbazole was the most susceptible. C(2)-carbazole isomers with substitutions on the same benzo-nucleus were more susceptible at a concentration of less than 3.4 microg g(-1) petroleum, especially when harboring one substitution on position 1. In particular, 1,5-dimethyl carbazole was the most recalcitrant dimethyl isomer.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinggang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fuli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Fengrui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009876:Operon / Q000235:genetics; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D004269:DNA, Bacterial