The Northwest Forest Plan: origins, components, implementation experience, and suggestions for change.
In the 1990s the federal forests in the Pacific Northwest underwent the largest shift in management focus since their creation, from providing a sustained yield of timber to conserving biodiversity, with an emphasis on endangered species. Triggered by a legal challenge to the federal protection strategy for the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), this shift was facilitated by a sequence of science assessments that culminated in the development of the Northwest Forest Plan. The plan, adopted in 1994, called for an extensive system of late-successional and riparian reserves along with some timber harvest on the intervening lands under a set of controls and safeguards. It has proven more successful in stopping actions harmful to conservation of old-growth forests and aquatic systems than in achieving restoration goals and economic and social goals. We make three suggestions that will allow the plan to achieve its goals: (1) recognize that the Northwest Forest Plan has evolved into an integrative conservation strategy, (2) conserve old-growth trees and forests wherever they occur and (3) manage federal forests as dynamic ecosystems.
Thomas
Jack Ward
JW
Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA. jwt@forestry.umt.edu
Franklin
Jerry E
JE
Gordon
John
J
Johnson
K Norman
KN
D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods*; D017753:Ecosystem; D016468:Forestry / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D015205:Northwestern United States; D014197:Trees