title: Endovascular treatment for pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The surgical benefit to pseudo-occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is controversial. Because the benefit of carotid endarterectomy for pseudo-occlusion of the ICA remains uncertain, we examined the use of carotid stenting as a possible alternative treatment for this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty cases of carotid pseudo-occlusion (17 symptomatic, three asymptomatic) were treated with carotid artery stenting. Nineteen patients were treated with various embolic protection techniques. Our clinical results, including angiographic follow-up data, perioperative complications, and data on the effectiveness of the embolic protection methods were studied for ICA pseudo-occlusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All pseudo-occlusions were successfully dilated, and the stenotic ratio was reduced from 95 to 6.7% on average. No neurological deterioration was encountered in any of the cases, although one patient died of cardiac event 1 day after treatment. None of the patients experienced stroke during the mean 24.8 month follow-up period, although one patient died from myocardial infarction. Among the 17 cases in which follow-up angiography was performed at 6 months after stenting, only one patient demonstrated restenosis. This patient was successfully treated with repeated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The rate of restenosis in our series was 5.9%, and the morbidity/mortality rate within 30 days was 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical results of carotid stenting for ICA pseudo-occlusion under embolic protection were fairly good from the viewpoints of periprocedural neurological morbidity, angiographic follow-up results, and stroke prevention. Carotid stenting can be considered an alternative to carotid endarterectomy in patients with ICA pseudo-occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan. teradato@wakayama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Masuo
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaga
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itakura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015607:Stents / Q000592:standards; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants