title: The curvature of sensitometric curves for Kodak XV-2 film irradiated with photon and electron beams.
abstract: Sensitometric curves of Kodak XV-2 film, obtained in a time period of ten years with various types of equipment, have been analyzed both for photon and electron beams. The sensitometric slope in the dataset varies more than a factor of 2, which is attributed mainly to variations in developer conditions. In the literature, the single hit equation has been proposed as a model for the sensitometric curve, as with the parameters of the sensitivity and maximum optical density. In this work, the single hit equation has been translated into a polynomial like function as with the parameters of the sensitometric slope and curvature. The model has been applied to fit the sensitometric data. If the dataset is fitted for each single sensitometric curve separately, a large variation is observed for both fit parameters. When sensitometric curves are fitted simultaneously it appears that all curves can be fitted adequately with a sensitometric curvature that is related to the sensitometric slope. When fitting each curve separately, apparently measurement uncertainty hides this relation. This relation appears to be dependent only on the type of densitometer used. No significant differences between beam energies or beam modalities are observed. Using the intrinsic relation between slope and curvature in fitting sensitometric data, e.g., for pretreatment verification of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, will increase the accuracy of the sensitometric curve. A calibration at a single dose point, together with a predetermined densitometer-dependent parameter ODmax will be adequate to find the actual relation between optical density and dose.
authors.affiliation: VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands. lj.battum@vumc.nl
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Battum
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huizenga
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003720:Densitometry; D004583:Electrons; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010315:Particle Accelerators; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014962:X-Ray Film