title: Cerebral cortical processing of swallowing in older adults.
abstract: While brain-imaging studies in young adults have implicated multiple cortical regions in swallowing, investigations in older subjects are lacking. This study examined the neural representations of voluntary saliva swallowing and water swallowing in older adults. Nine healthy females were examined with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while laryngeal swallow-related movements were recorded. Swallowing in the older adults, like young adults, activated multiple cortical regions, most prominently the lateral pericentral, perisylvian, and anterior cingulate cortex. Activation of the postcentral gyrus was lateralized to the left hemisphere for saliva and water swallowing, consistent with our findings in young female subjects. Comparison of saliva and water swallowing revealed a fourfold increase in the brain volume activated by the water swallow compared to the saliva swallow, particularly within the right premotor and prefrontal cortex. This task-specific activation pattern may represent a compensatory response to the demands of the water swallow in the face of age-related diminution of oral sensorimotor function.
authors.affiliation: School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Elborn College, Room 2568, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. remartin@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: MacIntosh
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taves
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gati
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hachinski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012463:Saliva / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen