title: Delayed changes in T1-weighted signal intensity in a rat model of 15-minute transient focal ischemia studied by magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence.
abstract: Previous studies have found that rats subjected to 15-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) show neurodegeneration in the dorsolateral striatum only, and the resulting striatal lesion is associated with increased T1-weighted (T1W) signal intensity (SI) and decreased T2-weighted (T2W) SI at 2-8 weeks after the initial ischemia. It has been shown that the delayed increase in T1W SI in the ischemic region is associated with deposition of paramagnetic manganese ions. However, it has been suggested that other mechanisms, such as tissue calcification and lipid accumulation, also contribute to the relaxation time changes. To clarify this issue, we measured changes in relaxation times, lipid accumulation, and elemental distributions in the brain of rats subjected to 15-min MCAO using MRI, in vivo 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS), and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF). The results show that a delayed (2 weeks after ischemia) increase in T1W SI in the ischemic striatum is associated with significant increases in manganese, calcium, and iron, but without evident accumulation of MRS-visible lipids or hydroxyapatite precipitation. It was also found that 15-min MCAO results in acutely reduced N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio in the ipsilateral striatum, which recovers to the control level at 2 weeks after ischemia.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xuxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Junchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Nianqing
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011522:Protons; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011522:Protons