title: [Risk factors of diabetic nephropathy progression in patients with a long history of diabetic mellitus as shown by a retrospective analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain prognostic factors defining the risk of progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 and 2 suffering from DM over 20 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A one-stage comparative trial studied 141 patients with DM type 1 and 149 patients with DM type 2 with DN of different severity and 20 year history of the disease. The follow-up study covered 34 CD-1 patients and 45 CD-2 patients with normo-, micro- and macroalbuminuria. The groups were made by the principle case-control. The control group consisted of 24 patients with DM-1 and 19 patients with DM-2 having stable renal function, the case group consisted of 10 and 26 patients, respectively, with DN progression. A total duration of the follow-up was 6 years. The end point of the analysis was chronic renal failure (CRF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate regression analysis has shown that the following risk factors of microalbuminuria in DM-1 and DM-2 are independent: the level of HbA1c (RR 3,1 and 2.7, respectively) and duration of arterial hypertension (RR 2.1 and 2.0, respectively); proteinuria - HbA1c (RR 4.4 and 3.4, respectively), systolic blood pressure (RR 3.4 and 3.1, respectively), CRF - systolic blood pressure (RR 5.0 and 4.5, respectively), triglycerides (RR 2.8 and 4.9, respectively) and hemoglobin (RR 3.3 and 5.3, respectively). IN DM-2 other risk factors of CRF were male sex (RR 2.0), family history of hypertension (RR 3.8) and 24-h proteinuria > 2 g (RR 6.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inadequate compensation of carbohydrate metabolism (HbA1c), arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia are main risk factors of MAU and its progression to proteinuria in DM patients. In progression of DN to CRF main risk factors are hypertension, dyslipidemia and severity of anemia.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Shestakova
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Koshel'
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Vagodin
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Dedov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors