title: Increased mortality from lung cancer and bronchiectasis in young adults after exposure to arsenic in utero and in early childhood.
abstract: Arsenic in drinking water is an established cause of lung cancer, and preliminary evidence suggests that ingested arsenic may also cause nonmalignant lung disease. Antofagasta is the second largest city in Chile and had a distinct period of very high arsenic exposure that began in 1958 and lasted until 1971, when an arsenic removal plant was installed. This unique exposure scenario provides a rare opportunity to investigate the long-term mortality impact of early-life arsenic exposure. In this study, we compared mortality rates in Antofagasta in the period 1989-2000 with those of the rest of Chile, focusing on subjects who were born during or just before the peak exposure period and who were 30-49 years of age at the time of death. For the birth cohort born just before the high-exposure period (1950-1957) and exposed in early childhood, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for lung cancer was 7.0 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.4-8.9; p<0.001] and the SMR for bronchiectasis was 12.4 (95% CI, 3.3-31.7; p<0.001). For those born during the high-exposure period (1958-1970) with probable exposure in utero and early childhood, the corresponding SMRs were 6.1 (95% CI, 3.5-9.9; p<0.001) for lung cancer and 46.2 (95% CI, 21.1-87.7; p<0.001) for bronchiectasis. These findings suggest that exposure to arsenic in drinking water during early childhood or in utero has pronounced pulmonary effects, greatly increasing subsequent mortality in young adults from both malignant and nonmalignant lung disease.
authors.affiliation: Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7360, USA. ahsmith@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Allan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Catterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferreccio
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liaw
authors.forename: Ondine
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: von Ehrenstein
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinmaus
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Selvin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000401:mortality*; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000401:mortality; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic