title: Plasma long-chain fatty acids and the degree of obesity in Italian children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether the plasma levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are associated with the degree of obesity in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven normolipidaemic obese children, aged 8-12 y, and 67 age- and sex-matched normal-weight children were included in the study. Obesity was defined in accordance with the International Obesity Task Force. BMI z-scores were calculated. Fasting blood samples were analysed for insulin, glucose, lipid profile and fatty acid (FA) levels (expressed as % total FA). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with normal-weight children, obese children exhibited lower mean plasma total PUFA (37.8% vs 39.7%), omega-6 PUFAs (35.0% vs 36.8%) and C22:6omega-3-to-C18:3omega-3 ratio (5.52 vs 7.61), and higher total monounsaturated FA (26.6% vs 25.0%), C18:3omega-3 (0.28% vs 0.25%) and C20:5omega-3 (0.45% vs 0.39%). In obese children, the BMI z-score was negatively related to plasma PUFA, omega-3 PUFAs, C22:6omega-3, and the C22:6omega-3-to-C20:6omega-6 and C22:6omega-3-to-C18:3omega-3 ratios, and positively with total saturated FA and C20:3omega-9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In obese children, plasma LC-PUFA profile may be associated with the degree of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Unit of Medical Statistics, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. silvia.scaglioni@unimi.it
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scaglioni
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verduci
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvioni
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bruzzese
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zetterström
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostoni
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids