title: Interleukin-6: a new therapeutic target.
abstract: The therapeutic success of biological agents, especially the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, has opened a new chapter in the book of therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, more than 50% of patients may not respond by > 50% improvement. New compounds have recently entered the treatment arena. One of these is rituximab, which depletes B cells, and another, abatacept, interferes with T-cell co-stimulation. However, although these agents may be effective in a number of patients who fail to respond to TNF blockade, they only rarely induce remission and overall 50% response rates do not exceed those with the TNF inhibitors. Among the major proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 plays a pleiotropic role both in terms of activating the inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis. Here, we review recent phase II trials of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody that achieves a significant therapeutic response rate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. josef.smolen@wienkav.at
authors.forename: Josef S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: Ravinder N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Maini
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D006801:Humans; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; C502936:tocilizumab