title: Failure of protein to improve time trial performance when added to a sports drink.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have reported that adding approximately 2% protein to a carbohydrate sports drink increased cycle endurance capacity compared with carbohydrate alone. However, the practical implications of these studies work are hampered by the following limitations: (a) the rate of carbohydrate ingestion was less than what is considered optimal for endurance performance, and (b) the performance test (exercise time to fatigue) did not mimic the way in which athletes typically compete (i.e., a race in which a fixed distance or set amount of work is performed as quickly as possible).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that adding 2% protein to a 6% carbohydrate drink (CHO-PRO) would improve 80-km cycling time trial performance, as compared with a 6% carbohydrate drink (CHO) and a nonenergetic sweetened placebo (PLAC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten trained male cyclists (24 +/- 2 yr; VO2peak = 63 +/- 2 mL.kg(-1).min(-1); mean +/- SE) performed an 80-km laboratory time trial (TT) on three occasions separated by 7 d. In a double-blind crossover manner, subjects ingested CHO-PRO, CHO, or PLAC at a rate of 250 mL every 15 min with no temporal, verbal, or physiological feedback.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Time to complete the TT was 4.4% lower (P < 0.002) during CHO (135 +/- 9 min) and CHO-PRO (135 +/- 9) compared with PLAC (141 +/- 10), with no difference between CHO and CHO-PRO (P = 0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ingesting 6% carbohydrate at a rate of 1 L.h(-1) (60 g.h(-1)) improved an 80-km TT performance in trained male cyclists. However, adding 2% protein to a 6% carbohydrate drink provided no additional performance benefit during a task that closely simulated the manner in which athletes typically compete.
authors.affiliation: Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Essen
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001628:Beverages; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D011506:Proteins; D019344:Lactic Acid