title: Selenium supplementation of lactating dairy cows: effect on selenium concentration in blood, milk, urine, and feces.
abstract: The objectives were to determine effects of graded levels of selenized yeast derived from a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CNCM I-3060) on animal performance and in selenium concentrations in the blood, milk, feces, and urine of dairy cows compared with sodium selenite; and to provide preliminary data on the proportion of selenium as selenomethionine in the milk and blood. Twenty Holstein cows were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design study in which all cows received the same total mixed rations, which varied only in source or concentration of dietary selenium. There were 5 experimental treatments. Total dietary selenium of treatment 1, which received no added selenium, was 0.15 mg/kg of dry matter, whereas values for treatments 2, 3, and 4, derived from selenized yeast, were 0.27, 0.33, and 0.40 mg/kg of dry matter, respectively. Treatment 5 contained 0.25 mg of selenium obtained from sodium selenite/kg of dry matter. There were no significant treatment effects on animal performance, and blood chemistry and hematology showed few treatment effects. Regression analysis noted significant positive linear effects of increasing dietary selenium derived from selenized yeast on selenium concentrations in the milk, blood, urine, and feces. In addition, milk selenium results indicated improved bioavailability of selenium from selenized yeast, compared with sodium selenite. Preliminary analyses showed that compared with sodium selenite, the use of selenized yeast increased the concentration of selenomethionine in the milk and blood. There was no indication of adverse effects on cow health associated with the use of selenized yeast.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Dairy Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, RG6 6AR Reading, UK.
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Juniper
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012645:Selenomethionine / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018038:Sodium Selenite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012645:Selenomethionine; D012643:Selenium; D018038:Sodium Selenite