The three-photon yield from e+ annihilation in various fluids.
Positronium in the triplet state decays by the emission of three photons and it has been proposed that their simultaneous detection can be used for medical imaging. The three-photon yield has been observed to be enhanced in low O(2) levels in some fluids but has never been measured in biologically relevant liquids. In this study, the delayed three-photon decay yield, at both high and low O(2) levels, has been extracted by fitting the time dependence of the two-photon yield to a set of coupled differential equations. The differential equations, in a simple yet seemingly satisfactory fashion, account for the e(+) capture to form positronium, its decay and the interconversion of the two spin configurations. Our results indicate that the delayed three-photon fraction is 0.25% in water (or blood-like) samples and exhibits no (or exceedingly small) dependence on the dissolved oxygen content. If one assumes that the direct component contributes a fraction expected by annihilation on free electrons (1/372), then the total three-photon fraction is 0.52% in the samples of biological relevance.
Mercurio
K
K
Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Zerkel
P
P
Laforest
R
R
Sobotka
L G
LG
Charity
R J
RJ
D000465:Algorithms; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D017785:Photons; D011859:Radiography; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D013997:Time Factors
D010100:Oxygen