title: Evaluation of an educational intervention to encourage advance directive discussions between medicine residents and patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most medical schools are remiss in preparing physicians in end-of-life communication skills. As a result, many residents are uncomfortable with approaching the patient, have not developed the skills required to discuss the patients' wishes, and avoid end-of-life conversations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate an educational intervention focused on teaching residents skills to discuss advance directives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medicine Residents attended a morning report consisting of both didactic training and participation in a role-play exercise. Charts of inpatients were audited ten days prior to and five days subsequent to the intervention to ascertain if there was a documented do-not-resuscitate (DNR) discussion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-nine records of patients assigned to eight physicians who attended the intervention and who were responsible for patients before and after the intervention were reviewed. Of the patients assigned to these residents before the intervention, 32% had a documented DNR discussion. Thirty-four (34%) of the physicians had discussions after the intervention, demonstrating only minimal improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single intervention may be inadequate to affect physician practices related to DNR discussions. Physicians may need more interactive, experiential learning opportunities and related supervision over the course of their training in order to improve these communication skills. A chart review that only records if a DNR discussion was documented in the medical record may not be the best tool to evaluate the success of this educational intervention. Improvement in attitudes and knowledge were not able to be measured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Geriatric Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Christian Davis
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Furman
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lazor
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casper
authors.forename: Christine Seel
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ritchie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D012381:Role Playing