title: [The influence of the T stage on the risk of metastasis of penis cancer: T1 vs. T2].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversies persist over the therapeutic approach to T1 penile carcinoma, particularly in patients with negative inguinal lymph nodes. Available data on lymph nodes metastases (LNM) in T1 carcinoma are contradictory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metastatic risk of T1 carcinoma and to compare it with that of T2 carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 37 patients (pts) with T1 or T2 tumors were reviewed. Assessment of the inguinal lymph node condition was based on node dissection in 29 pts and surveillance in eight pts (mean 62 months, range 22-162).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grading was classified as good (G1), moderate (G2) and poor (G3) in seven, 26 and four pts, respectively. Tumor stage was T1 in 21 and T2 in 16 pts. LNM were observed in eight of 21 T1 (38%) and six of 16 T2 tumors (38%). No G1 and all G3 tumors developed LNM independently of tumor stage. Ten of the 26 G2 carcinomas (38%) harboured LNM and seven of these pts (70%) had a T1 tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our data, the metastatic potential of T1 penile carcinoma has been underestimated in the recent literature. Tumor grading has a substantially stronger impact on the metastatic risk in T1 and T2 penile carcinoma than tumor stage, indicating a surgical lymph node staging starting at the pT1G2 stage.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel. c.naumann@urology.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Volkmer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Martinéz Portillo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seif
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hautmann
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hautmann
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jünemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy