title: Blood glutathione as independent marker of lipid peroxidation in heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aminothiols have a critical function as intracellular redox buffers and constitute furthermore an important extracellular redox system. Lipid peroxidation is increased in chronic heart failure (CHF), but the contribution of each thiol to oxidative stress in this syndrome has not been evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the correlation between blood and plasma concentrations of aminothiols and lipid peroxidation as marker of oxidative stress in CHF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood reduced glutathione (GSH), plasma total and reduced cysteine, cysteinylglycine, homocysteine, GSH, alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and free malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed in samples obtained from 26 CHF heart transplant candidates and 26 age- and gender-matched controls with atherosclerotic risk factors and no history of cardiovascular disease. Results are expressed as median and interquartile range (I-III).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDA levels were significantly higher in CHF patients than in controls [1.03 (0.56-1.60) microM vs. 0.70 (0.40-0.83) microM, p=0.006]. Blood reduced GSH concentrations were significantly higher [662 (327-867) microM vs. 416 (248-571) microM, p=0.016], while alpha-tocopherol levels were significantly lower [15 (13-19) microM vs. 21 (17-32) microM, p=0.001] in CHF patients than in controls. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the only independent predictors of lipid peroxidation, as expressed by MDA levels > or = 1.00 microM, were increased blood GSH concentrations (OR 1.003 per unit, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.006, p=0.008), ischemic (OR 20, 95% CI 2.6 to 155, p=0.004) and non ischemic CHF etiology (OR 11, 95% CI 1.3 to 99, p=0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormalities in intracellular GSH cycling are associated to increased lipid peroxidation in CHF.
authors.affiliation: CNR Clinical Physiology Institute-Milan, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, P.zza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Jonica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campolo
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Accinni
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turazza
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parolini
authors.forename: Elèna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roubina
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Chiara
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cighetti
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frigerio
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vitali
authors.forename: Oberdan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Parodi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid