title: Flux through a hole from a shaken granular medium.
abstract: We have measured the flux of grains from a hole in the bottom of a shaken container of grains. We find that the peak velocity of the vibration, v max, controls the flux, i.e., the flux is nearly independent of the frequency and acceleration amplitude for a given value of v max. The flux decreases with increasing peak velocity and then becomes almost constant for the largest values of v max. The data at low peak velocity can be quantitatively described by a simple model, but the crossover to nearly constant flux at larger peak velocity suggests a regime in which the granular density near the container bottom is independent of the energy input to the system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lohr
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McConville
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morss
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scheidemantel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schiffer