title: Effects of weaning and ionophore supplementation on selected blood metabolites and growth in dairy calves.
abstract: Dairy calf weaning results in blood ketone concentrations in excess of mature rates of use and can result in excretion of ketones in urine representing a loss of energy. Lasalocid is frequently supplemented as an anticoccidial agent in calf starters; however, in mature ruminants it is known to alter molar ratios of ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA). Effects of weaning transition and postweaning ionophore supplementation on body weight, dry matter (DM) intake, average daily gain (ADG), and blood concentrations of glucose, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), lactate, pyruvate, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), VFA, insulin, and glucagon were examined using Jersey bull calves (n = 24) over 16 wk. Calves were blocked into groups of 2 according to birth date and weight and randomly assigned to receive either a commercial pelleted starter (control), or the same diet containing lasalocid (TRT; 83 mg/kg of DM). Calves were fed milk replacer from d 3 to 34 (d 3 to 20 = 454 g/d at 12% solids; d 21 to 34 = 568 g/d at 15% solids), from d 35 to 48 calves received both replacer (d 35 to 41 = 454 g/d; d 42 to 38 = 227 g/d) and free access to control or TRT starter, and from d 49 to 112 received ad libitum control or TRT. Body weight and jugular blood metabolite concentrations were measured and recorded weekly. Postweaning DM intake, average daily gain, and feed:gain did not differ between control and TRT calves. Glucose and NEFA concentrations did not differ between control and TRT, but declined with age. Insulin and glucagon concentrations did not differ between control and TRT, but glucagon concentrations increased with weaning. Total VFA significantly increased following introduction of solid feed at d 35 in both groups with an apparent 1-wk lag in TRT VFA increases compared with control. Jugular acetate and butyrate concentrations were greater in control calves than TRT calves during wk 7. Propionate concentrations did not differ between control and TRT at any time following weaning. Blood BHBA concentrations were greater in control than TRT during wk 8 and 9. Thus, consumption of starter supplemented with lasalocid delayed peak acetate and butyrate and lowered peak BHBA concentrations. However, supplementation at concentrations currently recommended for control of coccidiosis did not appear to be sufficient to enhance growth or efficiency during the wk 7 to 16 postweaning interval for this sample size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Klotz
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Heitmann
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000097:blood; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007476:Ionophores / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D007832:Lasalocid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007328:Insulin; D007476:Ionophores; D007773:Lactates; D011773:Pyruvates; C016635:acetoacetic acid; D005934:Glucagon; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D007832:Lasalocid