Therapeutic doses of glucocorticoids: implications for oral medicine.
Glucocorticoids can cause adverse systemic side-effects ranging from iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome during treatment, to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression and clinically significant adrenal insufficiency when the agents are discontinued. While the oral route of administration is most often implicated, it is now becoming more apparent that inhaled and topical administration also can cause these effects. Given the high therapeutic value of glucocorticoids, the ability to prescribe these agents while maintaining a low risk-to-benefit ratio for patients is critical. The aim of this review is to provide oral healthcare practitioners with a practical guide to commonly used glucocorticoids, their adverse effects, and perioperative use.
Baid
S K
SK
Reproductive Biology and Medicine Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1109, USA.
Nieman
L K
LK
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
D005938:Glucocorticoids