title: DNA replication in phage P4: characterization of replicon II.
abstract: The genetic element P4 propagates in its host Escherichia coli both as a satellite phage and as a plasmid. Two partially overlapping replicons coexist, namely replicon I and replicon II. The former is composed of two sites, ori1 and crr, and depends on P4 alpha gene product for replication. The P4 alpha protein has primase and helicase activities, and binds specifically to both ori1 and crr. Replicon II is composed of two sites, ori2 and crr, and its replication also depends on P4 alpha primase and helicase activities. In replicon II, the alpha protein binds only crr. Here we show that for replicon II the relative orientation of ori2 and crr is essential for replication to occur. Furthermore we delimit ori2 to a 22 bp region (6234-6255), internal to the alpha gene, sufficient for replicon II replication. We mutagenized this region and identified two mutants, which carry one and two base substitutions, respectively, that prevent replicon II replication. In electrophoretic mobility shift experiments of ori2, ori1, and crr DNA fragments with E. coli extracts, ori2 was not shifted, whereas both ori1 and crr were specifically bound, suggesting that other host protein(s), beside P4 alpha, are able to bind to these cis essential regions. Apparently, no binding to ori2 could be identified, thus suggesting that neither alpha nor other bacterial proteins specifically bind to this region.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magnoni
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dehò
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghisotti
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003090:Coliphages / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D012093:Replicon / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers