title: The hemorheological aspects of the metabolic syndrome are a combination of separate effects of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and adiposity.
abstract: The metabolic syndrome which is at high risk for diabetes and atherothrombosis is associated with hemorheologic abnormalities. Initially, insulin resistance was considered as the core of the syndrome. However, it becomes clear that the syndrome is a cluster in which the combined effects of obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia can be inconstantly associated, contributing to a various extent to a global impairment of blood rheology. We previously reported in 157 nondiabetic subjects that both obesity and insulin resistance increase red cell rigidity (Dintenfass's Tk) and plasma viscosity (eta p), and that whole blood viscosity at high shear rate (eta b 1000 s(-1)) reflects rather obesity than insulin resistance. In this study we aimed at defining the specific hemorheologic profile of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia by separating a sample of 81 subjects into 4 subgroups according to quartiles of insulin sensitivity (SI) (measured with the minimal model of an intravenous glucose tolerance test) and baseline insulin. Results show that (1) values of SI within the upper quartile are associated with low eta b due to low eta p; (2) low SI regardless insulinemia is associated with increased aggregation indexes; (3) when low SI is associated with hyperinsulinemia (insulin the upper quartile and SI in the lower) there is a further increase in eta b due to an increase in eta p; (4) neither SI nor insulinemia modify Hct. Thus hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance induce hyperviscosity syndromes which are somewhat different, although they are associated most of the time. Low SI increases RBC aggregation while hyperinsulinemia increases eta p.
authors.affiliation: Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Interactions, Montpellier Institut de Biologie, Boulevard Henri IV, F-34062 France.
authors.forename: Ikram
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aloulou
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varlet-Marie
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mercier
authors.forename: Jean-Frédéric
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brun
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000502:physiology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods; D006400:Hematocrit; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric