title: Comparison of analgesic activity of the addition to neostigmine and fentanyl to bupivacaine in postoperative epidural analgesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the analgesic and side effects of bupivacaine in combinations with neostigmine and fentanyl using patient-controlled-epidural analgesia (PCEA) methods in the postoperative period after abdominal hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five adult American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II patients, aged 18-65 years were included in the study. The study took place in Celal Bayar University Hospital, Turkey between 2003-2004 years. After preoperative epidural catheterization, the patients were operated under general anesthesia. After surgery, the patients were randomly allocated in a double-blinded manner to receive PCEA and divided into 3 groups: Group B: 0.125% bupivacaine, Group N: 0.125% bupivacaine plus neostigmine 4 ug kg-1 and Group F: 0.125% bupivacaine plus 1 ug kg-1 fentanyl solutions (10 mL loading dose, 5 mL bolus dose, 10 min lockout time, 30 mL in 4 hour limit). During the following 24 hours, hemodynamic parameters, pain score using visual analog scale, total analgesic consumption, additional analgesic requirements, sedation, satisfaction, nausea scores and probable side-effects were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total analgesic consumption was 143.7 +/- 7.2 mL in Group B, 123.4 +/- 6.2 mL in Group N and 106 +/- 8.3 mL in Groups F. The mean value in Group F was significantly lower than Group N and Group B (p<0.05), and was lower in Group N than Group B. Visual analog scale scores were lower in Group F than other groups (p<0.05). There were no differences in side effects between all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl and neostigmine by the PCEA method can be used safely for postoperative analgesia after gynecologic surgery. They increase analgesia quality and satisfaction without an increase in side effects.
authors.affiliation: Guzelyurt Mah. Ingolstadt Cad, Anadolu Konutlari No:11, 45030, Manisa, Turkey. selcengeraslan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Selcen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: Ismet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Topcu
authors.forename: Neriman Z
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Husnu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Caglar
authors.forename: Tuna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Erincler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009388:Neostigmine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics; D009388:Neostigmine; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine