title: Complications of bronchoscopy for foreign body removal: experience in 1,035 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tracheobronchial foreign body aspirations, which threaten lives in childhood, also carry potential risks during and after bronchoscopy. The aim of this study is to review complications and precautions that need to be taken against possible risks.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1987 to 2005, bronchoscopy was done in 1,035 children in our department on suspicion of foreign body aspiration. The average age of these patients, mostly male (55%), was 4.1 years. Medical history, physical examination, radiological methods and bronchoscopy were used in the diagnosis. Bronchoscopy was applied under general anaesthesia, and the respiratory and cardiac systems were closely observed for 4 hours after the process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred eleven of 1,035 patients (88%) had a foreign body in the tracheobronchial system. In 42 of the patients, infection required aggressive medication; in 30, hypoxia and bradycardia occurred as a result of obstruction during bronchoscopy; in 37, laryngeal edema, laryngeal spasm and/or bronchospasm required ventilation support; in 6 patients, tracheobronchial system bleeding occurred; in 2 patients pneumothorax occurred, in 1 patient pneumomediastinum was observed and 6 patients needed thoracotomies because of foreign body aspiration. In this series there were 8 deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchoscopy, performed for tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration, carries a potential life-threatening risk during and after the process. The clinician needs to be aware of these risks, take proper precautions, and perform bronchoscopy by taking the medical condition of the patient and characteristics of the inspired foreign body into consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hasdiraz
authors.forename: Fahri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oguzkaya
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bilgin
authors.forename: Cihangir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bicer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001980:Bronchi; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012307:Risk Factors; D014132:Trachea