title: Laparoscopic transperitoneal nephrectomy is feasible in the first year of life and is not affected by kidney size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the feasibility of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in children younger than 1 year, with regard to size of impaired kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 consecutive children underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy during a 4-year period. Of the patients 19 (48%) were younger than 1 year and were analyzed in detail. Nine of these patients (47.4%) had a multicystic dysplastic kidney, 9 (47.4%) had reflux nephropathy and 1 (5.3%) had obstructive nephropathy. The duration of operation, reasons for conversion, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were prospectively documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operative time was 133 minutes (range 60 to 240), and did not differ significantly between patients up to age 12 months compared to children 1 year and older (126 vs 148 minutes, NS). Nephroureterectomy was completed laparoscopically in 17 of 19 children (89%) up to age 12 months vs 20 of 21 (95%) 1 year and older (NS). In 1 child younger than 1 year suture dislocation at the renal artery required laparoscopic resuturing. No further complications were seen. In children younger than 1 year the mean operating time was not significantly different for resection of multicystic dysplastic kidney (8 patients, 113 minutes) compared to reflux nephropathy (9, 134 minutes, NS). Mean operating time did not differ significantly for kidney volumes less than 10 cc (8 patients, 119 minutes) compared to kidney volumes greater than 10 cc (9, 129 minutes, NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility of transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in children younger than 1 year is excellent. The duration of operation is not affected by patient age, underlying disease or kidney size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Jesch
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Metzelder
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kuebler
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ure
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size; D010537:Peritoneum; D011446:Prospective Studies