title: Moral agency in other animals.
abstract: Some philosophers have argued that moral agency is characteristic of humans alone and that its absence from other animals justifies granting higher moral status to humans. However, human beings do not have a monopoly on moral agency, which admits of varying degrees and does not require mastery of moral principles. The view that all and only humans possess moral agency indicates our underestimation of the mental lives of other animals. Since many other animals are moral agents (to varying degrees), they are also subject to (limited) moral obligations, examples of which are provided in this paper. But, while moral agency is sufficient for significant moral status, it is by no means necessary.
authors.affiliation: The Humane Society of the United States, 700 Professional Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20879, USA. pshapiro@hsus.org
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000533:Altruism; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D026688:Bioethical Issues; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D040821:Human Characteristics; D006801:Humans; D035863:Moral Development; D028681:Moral Obligations; D028723:Personhood; D028722:Virtues