title: Phospholipid hydroxyalkenals, a subset of recently discovered endogenous CD36 ligands, spontaneously generate novel furan-containing phospholipids lacking CD36 binding activity in vivo.
abstract: We recently identified a novel family of oxidized choline glycerophospholipid (oxPC) molecular species enriched in atheroma that serve as endogenous ligands for the scavenger receptor CD36 (oxPC(CD36)), facilitating macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation (Podrez, E. A., Poliakov, E., Shen, Z., et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 38517-38523). A high affinity CD36 recognition motif was defined within oxPC(CD36), an oxidatively truncated sn-2 acyl group with a terminal gamma-hydroxy (or oxo)-alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl. The fate of these species once formed in vivo is unknown. Here we show that a subset of oxPC(CD36), a phosphatidylcholine molecular species possessing sn-2 esterified fatty acyl hydroxyalkenal groups, can undergo a slow intramolecular cyclization and dehydration reaction to form novel oxPC species possessing a sn-2 acyl group that incorporates a terminal furyl moiety (oxPC-furan). Using high performance liquid chromatography with on-line tandem mass spectrometry in combination with unambiguous organic synthesis, we confirm that oxPC-furans, ultimately derived from phospholipids with sn-2 esterified docosahexaenoic, arachidonic, or linoleic acids, are formed during exposure of model membranes and isolated lipoproteins to physiological oxidant systems. In vivo generation of oxPC-furans at sites of enhanced oxidant stress is also demonstrated, such as within brain tissues following cerebral ischemia. Cell binding studies reveal that in contrast to their oxPC(CD36) precursors, oxPC-furans lack CD36 binding activity. Taken together, the present studies identify oxPC-furans as a novel family of oxidized phospholipids that are formed in vivo from phospholipid hydroxyalkenals but that lack CD36 binding activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Shengqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Renliang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Mingjiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bruce S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Levison
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Salomon
authors.forename: Stanley L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hazen
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000737:chemistry*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005663:Furans / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005663:Furans; D008024:Ligands; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D002784:Cholesterol