title: Method for efficient storage and transportation of sputum specimens for molecular testing of tuberculosis.
abstract: METHODS
  The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a highly sensitive method for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is available in most countries, though to a lesser extent in rural areas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To amplify M. tuberculosis DNA sequences of sputum spotted on FTA cards and compare them with the results of microscopic examination among culture-positive samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 sputum specimens of TB patients in treatment were spotted on FTA cards and stored at room temperature until DNA analysis. We assessed the IS6110 region of M. tuberculosis. The efficacy of the PCR assay for the direct detection of M. tuberculosis was evaluated and compared with the results of cultures (Middlebrook 7H9 broth) and smears of fresh sputum specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to detect 10 fg/microl of mycobacterial DNA even after 6 months in storage. The PCR sensitivity and specificity using the FTA card system were 82% and 96%, while microscopic examination showed 41% and 95%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FTA card system for the storage of bacterial DNA from sputum samples should be considered for the molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis. Samples can easily be obtained from geographically isolated populations and shipped by mail for accurate molecular diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ashino
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakanowatari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000592:standards; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000592:standards; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial