title: Interpectoral approach to dissection of the axillary apex: an elegant and effective approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Axillary dissection is the gold standard for treatment of the axilla. It provides important prognostic information, accurately stages the axilla, and has the lowest recurrence rate among all modalities. In today's age of conservation surgery, the axilla is often addressed through a cosmetically acceptable small incision with limited access, thereby making clearance of the level III nodes difficult.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a method of apical lymph node dissection through the interpectoral plane, which effectively clears the apex despite the constraints of limited exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This method has been used in nearly 5,000 axillary dissections performed at our institute, with excellent results. It preserves the innervation of the pectoral muscles and affords access to the interpectoral nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our method has a short learning curve, provides good exposure of a difficult area and consistently provides a good yield of nodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Piyush
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.forename: Mandar S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nadkarni
authors.forename: Vani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parmar
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Badwe
mesh_terms: D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D015411:Mastectomy, Modified Radical / Q000379:methods*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000294:innervation