title: Enhanced reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of norovirus genogroup I.
abstract: We have developed a one-tube reverse transcription (RT)-PCR method using the real-time TaqMan PCR system for the detection of norovirus genogroup I (NV GGI). By introduction of a novel probe based on locked nucleic acid technology, we enhanced the sensitivity of the assay compared to those of conventional TaqMan probes. The sensitivity of the NV GGI RT-PCR was determined by probit analysis with defined RNA standards and quantified norovirus isolates to 711 copies/ml (95% detection limit). In order to detect PCR inhibition, we included a heterologous internal control (IC) system based on phage MS2. This internally controlled RT-PCR was tested on different real-time PCR platforms, LightCycler, Rotorgene, Mastercycler EP realplex, and ABI Prism. Compared to the assay without an IC, the duplex RT-PCR exhibited no reduction in sensitivity in clinical samples. In combination with an established NV GGII real-time RT-PCR, we used the novel assay in a routine assay for diagnosis of clinical and food-borne norovirus infection. We applied this novel assay to analyze outbreaks of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis. Norovirus of GGI was detected in these outbreaks. Sequence and similarity plot analysis of open reading frame 1 (ORF1) and ORF2 showed two genotypes, GGI/2 and GGI/4, in semiclosed communities.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Laboratoriums und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany. jdreier@hdz-nrw.de
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dreier
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Störmer
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mäde
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burkhardt
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kleesiek
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017909:Levivirus / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012015:Reference Standards; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012367:RNA, Viral