title: Pilates-based therapeutic exercise: effect on subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain and functional disability: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial, prestest-posttest design, with a 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the efficacy of a therapeutic exercise approach in a population with chronic low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic approaches developed from the Pilates method are becoming increasingly popular; however, there have been no reports on their efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine physically active subjects between 20 and 55 years old with chronic LBP were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The specific-exercise-training group participated in a 4-week program consisting of training on specialized (Pilates) exercise equipment, while the control group received the usual care, defined as consultation with a physician and other specialists and healthcare professionals, as necessary. Treatment sessions were designed to train the activation of specific muscles thought to stabilize the lumbar-pelvic region. Functional disability outcomes were measured with The Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ/RMDQ-HK) and average pain intensity using a 101-point numerical rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significantly lower level of functional disability (P = .023) and average pain intensity (P = .002) in the specific-exercise-training group than in the control group following the treatment intervention period. The posttest adjusted mean in functional disability level in the specific-exercise-training group was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3 to 2.7) RMQ/RMDQ-HK points compared to a posttest adjusted mean in the control group of 3.2 (95% CI, 2.5 to 4.0) RMQ/RMDQ-HK points. The posttest adjusted mean in pain intensity in the specific-exercise-training group was 18.3 (95% CI, 11.8 to 24.8), as compared to 33.9 (95% CI, 26.9 to 41.0) in the control group. Improved disability scores in the specific-exercise-training group were maintained for up to 12 months following treatment intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The individuals in the specific-exercise-training group reported a significant decrease in LBP and disability, which was maintained over a 12-month follow-up period. Treatment with a modified Pilates-based approach was more efficacious than usual care in a population with chronic, unresolved LBP.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Rochenda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rydeard
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leger
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome