title: Lung cell fiber evanescent wave spectroscopic biosensing of inhalation health hazards.
abstract: Health risks associated with the inhalation of biological materials have been a topic of great concern; however, there are no rapid and automatable methods available to evaluate the potential health impact of inhaled materials. Here we describe a novel approach to evaluate the potential toxic effects of materials evaluated through cell-based spectroscopic analysis. Anchorage-dependent cells are grown on the surface of optical fibers transparent to infrared light. The probe system is composed of a single chalcogenide fiber (composed of Te, As, and Se) acting as both the sensor and transmission line for infrared optical signals. The cells are exposed to potential toxins and alterations of cellular composition are monitored through their impact on cellular spectral features. The signal is collected via evanescent wave absorption along the tapered sensing zone of the fiber through spectral changes between 3,000 and 600 cm(-1) (3,333-16,666 nm). Cell physiology, composition, and function are non-invasively tracked through monitoring infrared light absorption by the cell layer. This approach is demonstrated with an immortalized lung cell culture (A549, human lung carcinoma epithelia) in response to a variety of inhalation hazards including gliotoxin (a fungal metabolite), etoposide (a genotoxin), and methyl methansesulfonate (MMS, an alkylating agent). Gliotoxin impacts cell metabolism, etoposide impacts nucleic acids and the cell cycle, and MMS impacts nucleic acids and induces an immune response. This spectroscopic method is sensitive, non-invasive, and provides information on a wide range of cellular damage and response mechanisms and could prove useful for cell response screening of pharmaceuticals or for toxicological evaluations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. riley@ag.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Le Coq
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juncker
authors.forename: Dianne E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Boesewetter
authors.forename: Jayne L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Diana M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: DeRosa
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Katterman
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boussard-Plédel
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bureau
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D005047:Etoposide / Q000633:toxicity; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005912:Gliotoxin / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D055100:Optical Fibers; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000477:Alkylating Agents; D009183:Mycotoxins; D019384:Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; D005912:Gliotoxin; D005047:Etoposide; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate