title: Casein kinase 2 inhibition decreases hypoxia-inducible factor-1 activity under hypoxia through elevated p53 protein level.
abstract: HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) is the main transcription factor involved in the adaptation of cells to hypoxia. In addition to regulation of HIF-1alpha protein level, HIF-1 activity is also enhanced by several pathways involving asparagine hydroxylation and phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the relationship between casein kinase 2 (CK2), p53 and HIF-1. An increase in p53 protein level and transcriptional activity was observed when CK2 was inhibited by different inhibitors under normoxia and hypoxia. This increase was in parallel with a decrease in HIF-1 activity without changes in HIF-1alpha protein level, indicating a regulation of its transcriptional activity. Similar results were obtained using CK2alpha siRNA. Ectopic overexpression of p53 also led to an inhibition of HIF-1 activity. Conversely, CK2 inhibition had no effect in p53-null cells indicating that the inhibitory effect of CK2 inhibitors requires the presence of p53. p53 activity was not required because overexpression of a p53 mutated in its DNA-binding domain exerted the same effect as wild-type p53 and because the effect of CK2 inhibitors was still observed when p53 activity was inhibited by pifithrin-alpha. Since CK2 activity is increased in hypoxic conditions, this process provides one more mechanism to ensure enhanced HIF-1 activity under such conditions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: Jean-Pascal
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Piret
authors.forename: Noëlle
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ninane
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Michiels
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D047390:Casein Kinase II