title: Influence of light-activated and auto- and dual-polymerizing adhesive systems on bond strength of indirect composite resin to dentin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinicians must be aware of the bonding effectiveness of auto- and dual- polymerizing adhesive systems before choosing the material and technique of cementing inlay/onlays to dentin. An inadequate choice may compromise the success of indirect restorations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of indirect composite resin bonded to dentin by light-activated, autopolymerizing, and dual-polymerizing adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Occlusal dentin surfaces of 36 human third molars were exposed and flattened. Teeth were assigned to 1 of the following 6 groups (n=6) of adhesive luting systems: 2 dual-polymerizing systems (Scotchbond Multipurpose Plus/Rely X [SBMP] and Prime & Bond NT Dual Cure/Enforce [PBDC]); 1 autopolymerizing system (ED Primer/Panavia F [EDP]); and 3 light-activated systems (control groups) (Adper Single Bond/Rely X [SB], Prime & Bond NT/Enforce [PB], and Clearfil SE Bond/Panavia F [CF]). The restorative materials were applied according to manufacturer's directions. A 2-mm-thick prepolymerized composite resin (Clearfil APX) disc was cemented with the resin cements on the bonded dentin. Teeth were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. Afterwards, teeth were sectioned both mesial-distally and buccal-lingually to obtain multiple bonded beam specimens with 0.8 mm(2) of cross-sectional area. Each specimen was tested in tension at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. Data (MPa) were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (alpha=.05). Failure patterns of tested specimens were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean MTBS values (MPa) for experimental groups were as follows: SBMP, 32.89 +/- 3.26(a); SB, 26.74 +/- 7.45(ab); PB, 26.11 +/- 4.48(ab); CF, 25.30 +/- 6.42(ab); EDP, 16.82 +/- 5.53(bc); PBDC, 11.20 +/- 5.89(c) (P<.001). Groups with similar lowercase letters were not significantly different. Failure pattern of fractured specimens varied according to the polymerization mode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The autopolymerizing system and one of the dual-polymerizing systems were as effective as the light-activated systems in bonding indirect composite restorations to dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Jose Lorena
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.forename: Cesar Augusto Galvao
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Arrais
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giannini
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007284:Inlays; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C500742:ED Primer II; C103503:EnForce-Sure Cure; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D008689:Methacrylates; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; D019279:Resin Cements; C425844:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; C084550:Vitremer; C115612:single bond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate