title: Phaeochromocytomas presenting as acute crises after beta blockade therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phaeochromocytoma crisis is a life-threatening emergency that may be undiagnosed because of its numerous, nonspecific manifestations. We analysed, retrospectively, the presentation, management and outcome of patients who were admitted to our institution with phaeochromocytoma crises over a 5-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients (two males, three females; mean age 34.6 years, range 19-51 years) who presented as emergencies requiring intensive care, with multiple non-specific manifestations and previously undiagnosed pheochromocytoma, were identified. The initial presentation included features of cardiomyopathy (n = 3), atypical pneumonia with myocarditis (n = 1) and acute abdomen (n = 1). Only one of the five cases had a raised blood pressure at the time of the acute presentation. Initiation of beta blockers in four patients was associated with further deterioration in haemodynamic status, labile blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias, which led to the diagnosis of the underlying phaeochromocytoma. Following intensive supportive therapy and alpha blockade, all five patients recovered and underwent elective surgical removal of phaeochromocytoma, uneventfully.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unexplained cardiopulmonary dysfunction, particularly after the institution of beta blockers, should alert clinicians to the possibility of phaeochromocytoma. A high index of suspicion is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients through early diagnosis and aggressive management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Newcastle upon Tyne Acute Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. latika.sibal@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sibal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Peaston
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: T W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Lennard
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bliss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Batchelor
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perros
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008676:Metanephrine / Q000652:urine; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D018813:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002395:Catecholamines; D008676:Metanephrine; D008790:Metoprolol