Flux through a hole from a shaken granular medium.
We have measured the flux of grains from a hole in the bottom of a shaken container of grains. We find that the peak velocity of the vibration, v max, controls the flux, i.e., the flux is nearly independent of the frequency and acceleration amplitude for a given value of v max. The flux decreases with increasing peak velocity and then becomes almost constant for the largest values of v max. The data at low peak velocity can be quantitatively described by a simple model, but the crossover to nearly constant flux at larger peak velocity suggests a regime in which the granular density near the container bottom is independent of the energy input to the system.
Chen
K
K
Department of Physics and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Stone
M B
MB
Barry
R
R
Lohr
M
M
McConville
W
W
Klein
K
K
Sheu
B L
BL
Morss
A J
AJ
Scheidemantel
T
T
Schiffer
P
P