title: Efficiency of the Vector -system compared with conventional subgingival debridement in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of the novel ultrasonic Vector -system system for subgingival debridement and to compare the results with conventional periodontal instrumentation in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty extracted human teeth were treated in vitro: Vector -system with polishing (VP) and abrasive fluid (VA), conventional ultrasonic system (U) and hand instrument (H). At intervals of 40 s, calculus removal was assessed using a 3D laser scanning device. Eight single-rooted teeth were treated in vivo with the Vector -system or hand instruments. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained for microbiological evaluation. After extraction, residual calculus was assessed by means of digitized planimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro efficiency of hand instruments was statistically higher compared with the conventional ultrasonic system (p < 0.05) and the Vector -system with no difference between U and VA (p > 0.05) and VA and VP (p > 0.05). Residual calculus following in vivo instrumentation was not different in the Vector and the hand instrument group (p > 0.05) but treatment time with the Vector -system was statistically higher (p < 0.05). A similar reduction of periopathogenic bacteria could be observed in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the Vector -system, root surfaces can be debrided as thoroughly as with conventional instruments. However, treatment is more time consuming than conventional debridement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventitive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Germany. andreas.braun@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hartschen
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jepsen
mesh_terms: D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013357:Subgingival Curettage / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*