title: Hypertropia associated with superolateral translation of the superior rectus muscle pulley in unilateral coronal synostosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the mechanisms underlying the hypertropia associated with unilateral coronal synostosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 13 patients with unilateral coronal synostosis, we measured gaze-dependent binocular alignment before and after strabismus surgery, assessed the superior rectus muscle (SRM) pulley using computed tomography, and simulated posterior displacement of the trochlea and superolateral displacement of the SRM pulley.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients had an ipsilateral hypertropia in primary gaze (3-30 diopters) that increased in contralateral gaze and decreased in ipsilateral gaze and that simulated an inferior oblique muscle overaction. Strabismus surgery fully or partially corrected the hypertropia in only 7 of 11 patients. High-resolution computed tomography demonstrated that the pulley of the SRM relative to the inferior rectus muscle was translated 0 to 11.0 mm laterally and up to 2.7 mm vertically. Lateral translation (up to 10 mm) alone or combined with vertical translation (up to 5 mm) of the SRM pulley in the simulated model produced a hypertropia with lateral incomitance. Posterior translation (15 mm) of the trochlea did not induce a significant hypertropia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Superolateral translation of the SRM pulley creates an imbalance of muscle pulling forces that better accounts for the hypertropia than posterior displacement of the trochlea.
authors.affiliation: Author Affiliations: Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle and Departments of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
authors.forename: Avery H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003393:Cranial Sutures; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015348:Vision, Binocular