title: Effectiveness of clinical guidelines in interventional pain management.
abstract: Many commissions and groups throughout the world have proposed clinical guidelines on the management of low back pain, spinal pain, and chronic pain. Practice guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist the practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific clinical circumstances. The American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians developed practice guidelines for interventional techniques which are professional practice recommendations for practices for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic painful disorders, and in some cases, disability management. The effectiveness of so-called evidence-based guidelines has not proven. This study was designed to evaluate a total of 300 patients with 100 randomized patients seen in the month of January 1999, 2000 and 2001, in one private pain management practice in a non-university setting. The study was retrospective for 1999 and 2000, whereas it was prospective for 2001. The results showed that there were no significant differences in patient demographics or their psychological status. The results consistently showed decrease in number of visits from 1999 to 2000 and 2001 with 5.5 +/- 0.18, 5.1 +/- 0.17, and 4.3 +/- 0.15 respectively. The average expenditure also decreased from per visit of $872 in 1999 to $891 in 2000, to $810 to 2001. further, the average expenditure per year also decreased as expected due to decrease in frequency of visits, as well as the average expenditure per visit from $4751 +/- $231 in 1999 to $4505 +/- $214 in 2000 and to $3514 +/- $193 in 2001 even without consideration of inflation. Thus, it is concluded that guidelines describing the interventional techniques in the management of chronic pain are effective in reducing the cost and frequency of visits with improvement or at least maintenance of similar outcomes, physician decision making abilities, and patient preferences.
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Center of Paducah, 2831 Lone Oak Road, Paducah, KY 42003, USA. drm@apex.net
authors.forename: Laxmaiah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manchikanti
authors.forename: Jose J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Vidyasagar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pampati
authors.forename: Carlar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Damron
authors.forename: Renee C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Barnhill