title: The prevalence of autonomic symptoms in dementia and their association with physical activity, activities of daily living and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is little published data regarding autonomic symptoms in dementia. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and severity of autonomic symptoms in patients with different subtypes of dementia in comparison with healthy controls, and their association with levels of physical activity, depression, quality of life and ability to carry out activities of daily living.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence and severity of autonomic symptoms in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD, n = 46), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 32), vascular dementia (VAD, n = 38), Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 42) were assessed using a structured symptom scale. The associations between autonomic symptoms and physical activity, Bristol Activities of Daily Living Score, Geriatric and Cornell Depression Scores and quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, SF-36) were examined by multiple linear regressions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total autonomic symptom scores, urinary symptoms, constipation and postural dizziness were significantly higher in PDD, DLB and VAD patients than either controls or AD patients (all p < 0.05). Higher autonomic symptom scores were associated with poorer outcomes in all measures of physical activity, activities of daily living, depression and quality of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The burden of autonomic symptoms is high in non-Alzheimer's dementias. The identification of such symptoms is of importance because of the detrimental effect of these symptoms upon physical activity, depression, activities of daily living and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Ageing and Health, Wolfson Research Centre, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. louise.allan@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allan
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McKeith
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Rose Anne
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life