title: Long-term refractive change after intraocular lens implantation in childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine refractive change occurring with age in children who had cataract removal with intraocular lens implantation and in whom the immediate postoperative refraction was targeted either to match the refractive error of the opposite eye in unilateral cases, or for only a small refractive error when surgery was bilateral.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of the refractive error over time in 36 eyes of 25 children who underwent cataract removal (11 bilateral) with insertion of an intraocular lens from 1987 to 1998 and who had at least 4 years follow-up, but no glaucoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at surgery was 5.5 years (median 5.7 y, range 1.3-12 y), with a mean follow-up of 8 years (median 6 y, range 4-16 y). The average refraction followed a logarithmic decline with age. Although eyes with unilateral surgery had a slightly faster rate of change and lower final refraction than did eyes with bilateral surgery, this difference was not statistically significant. Variation from this trend was also observed in 3 patients. When the hyperopic refractive error created immediately after surgery was small, children usually became significantly myopic when older, often creating anisometropic myopia in unilateral cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When implanting intraocular lenses bilaterally one should aim for a significant but balanced hyperopic correction immediately postoperatively in young patients, anticipating that there will be emmetropization with aging. Parents should be warned that variations can occur.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sas. ra.walker@shaw.ca
authors.forename: Randy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Kenneth G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Romanchuk
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology