title: Identifying conditions for inducible protein production in E. coli: combining a fed-batch and multiple induction approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the interest of generating large amounts of recombinant protein, inducible systems have been studied to maximize both the growth of the culture and the production of foreign proteins. Even though thermo-inducible systems were developed in the late 1970's, the number of studies that focus on strategies for the implementation at bioreactor scale is limited. In this work, the bacteriophage lambda PL promoter is once again investigated as an inducible element but for the production of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Culture temperature, induction point, induction duration and number of inductions were considered as factors to maximize GFP production in a 20-L bioreactor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that cultures carried out at 37 degrees C resulted in a growth-associated production of GFP without the need of an induction at 42 degrees C. Specific production was similar to what was achieved when separating the growth and production phases. Shake flask cultures were used to screen for desirable operating conditions. It was found that multiple inductions increased the production of GFP. Induction decreased the growth rate and substrate yield coefficients; therefore, two time domains (before and after induction) having different kinetic parameters were created to fit a model to the data collected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on two batch runs and the simulation of culture dynamics, a pre-defined feeding and induction strategy was developed to increase the volumetric yield of a temperature regulated expression system and was successfully implemented in a 20-L bioreactor. An overall cell density of 5.95 g DW l(-1) was achieved without detriment to the cell specific production of GFP; however, the production of GFP was underestimated in the simulations due to a significant contribution of non-growth associated product formation under limiting nutrient conditions.
authors.affiliation: Bio-P2 Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, PO Box 6079, Centre-Ville Station Montreal, Quebec, Canada. marc.aucoin@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Aucoin
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: McMurray-Beaulieu
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poulin
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: Jingkui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Francisc M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ardelean
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: Young J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Carlos B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Miguez
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jolicoeur