title: Dietary copper and high saturated and trans fat intakes associated with cognitive decline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence from prospective epidemiologic studies and animal models suggests that intakes of dietary fats and copper may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether high dietary copper intake is associated with increased cognitive decline among persons who also consume a diet high in saturated and trans fats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-based prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chicago, Ill. Patients Chicago residents 65 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive function was assessed using 4 cognitive tests administered during in-home interviews at 3-year intervals for 6 years. Dietary assessment was performed with a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes of copper and fats were related to change in global cognitive score (the mean of the 4 tests) among 3718 participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among persons whose diets were high in saturated and trans fats, higher copper intake was associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline. In multiple-adjusted mixed models, the difference in rates for persons in the highest (median, 2.75 mg/d) vs lowest (median, 0.88 mg/d) quintiles of total copper intake was -6.14 standardized units per year (P<.001) or the equivalent of 19 more years of age. There was also a marginally statistically significant association (P = .07) with the highest quintile of food intake of copper (median, 1.51 mg/d) and a strong dose-response association with higher copper dose in vitamin supplements. Copper intake was not associated with cognitive change among persons whose diets were not high in these fats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that high dietary intake of copper in conjunction with a diet high in saturated and trans fats may be associated with accelerated cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 W. Jackson Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Martha_C_Morris@rush.edu
authors.forename: Martha Clare
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Denis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Christine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tangney
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bienias
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Scherr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D003300:Copper