title: [Prevalence, drug treatment and metabolic control of diabetes mellitus in primary care].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary care sector is of key importance for the management of patients with diabetes mellitus. The authors investigated (a) the prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2, (b) the type and frequency of non-drug and drug treatment and its association with the presence of diabetic complications, and (c) the quality of metabolic control by HbA1c.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a nationwide probability sample of 3,188 general practices (response rate [RR] 50.6%), a total of 55,518 (RR 93.5%) patients were assessed in a prospective cross-sectional study by their physicians in September 2003 in a standardized manner using questionnaires, physician interview, and laboratory assessments. In addition to diabetes mellitus, 28 diseases were explicitly screened for, among them typical macrovascular (coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease) and microvascular disease (neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, diabetic foot) complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 0.5% (type 1) and 14.7% (type 2), respectively. 49.5% (type 1) and 50.2% (type 2) of patients had micro- or macrovascular complications. 6.8% did not receive any treatment, 13.5% received non-drug treatment, and 75.3% received oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin (26.6% a combination of two or more). Compared to diabetics without any complications, treatment intensity was significantly higher in patients with microvascular complications (odds ratio [OR] 3.02), but not in those with macrovascular complications only (OR 0.98). An HbA1c value>or=7.0% was recorded in 39.6% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to previous studies in this setting, the proportion of diabetics with drug treatment has increased. More patients receive antidiabetic drug combinations. Quality of blood sugar control appears to have improved as well.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Forschungsverbund Public Health, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany. david.pittrow@mailbox.tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pittrow
authors.forename: Günther Karl
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stalla
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zeiher
authors.forename: Sigmund
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silber
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: März
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pieper
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klotsche
authors.forename: Heide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glaesmer
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruf
authors.forename: Harald Jörn
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lehnert
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Böhler
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Wittchen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents