Relation of low-grade inflammation and endothelial activation to blood pressure in obese children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the role of low-grade, systemic inflammation and endothelial activation in the modulation of blood pressure (BP) independently of other traditional risk factors in obese children and adolescents.


METHODS
We surveyed 281 obese subjects, aged 6-18 years to investigate the relationship of serum inflammation and endothelial activation markers and blood pressure.


METHODS
Clinical variables, indices of obesity, ambulatory 24-h blood pressure and serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), glucose and insulin. HOMA IR was used as a marker of insulin resistance (IR).


RESULTS
CRP, IL-6, IL-1 beta, and ICAM-1 correlated significantly with mean 24-h systolic BP, whereas CRP and IL-6 was positively correlated with mean 24-h diastolic BP. Multiple regression analysis showed that serum IL-6 (P < .001) concentration, HOMA IR (P < .01), and waist to hip ratio (P < .05) were the significant determinants of systolic BP, whereas CRP (P < .05) level was the only predictor of diastolic BP. There were no significant associations of cell adhesion molecules with BP.


CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that low-grade inflammation may play a role in the modulation of arterial BP relatively early in life.
Syrenicz
Anhelli
A
Department of Endocrinology, Arterial Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. anhelli@asymed.ifg.pl
Garanty-Bogacka
Barbara
B
Syrenicz
Małgorzata
M
Gebala
Aneta
A
Dawid
Grazyna
G
Walczak
Mieczysław
M
D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000276:immunology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein