title: Visual phonemic ambiguity and speechreading.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the role of visual perception of phonemes in visual perception of sentences and words among normal-hearing individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four normal-hearing adults identified consonants, words, and sentences, spoken by either a human or a synthetic talker. The synthetic talker was programmed with identical parameters within phoneme groups, hypothetically resulting in simplified articulation. Proportions of correctly identified phonemes per participant, condition, and task, as well as sensitivity to single consonants and clusters of consonants, were measured. Groups of mutually exclusive consonants were used for sensitivity analyses and hierarchical cluster analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consonant identification performance did not differ as a function of talker, nor did average sensitivity to single consonants. The bilabial and labiodental clusters were most readily identified and cohesive for both talkers. Word and sentence identification was better for the human talker than the synthetic talker. The participants were more sensitive to the clusters of the least visible consonants with the human talker than with the synthetic talker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that ability to distinguish between clusters of the least visually distinct phonemes is important in speechreading. Specifically, it reduces the number of candidates, and thereby facilitates lexical identification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Sciences, Linköping University SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden. bjli@ibv.liu.se
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lidestam
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beskow
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008085:Lipreading; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*