title: Interleukin-2/interferon-alpha2a/13-retinoic acid-based chemoimmunotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma: results of a prospectively randomised trial of the German Cooperative Renal Carcinoma Chemoimmunotherapy Group (DGCIN).
abstract: We performed a prospectively randomised clinical trial to compare the efficacy of four subcutaneous interleukin-2-(sc-IL-2) and sc interferon-alpha2a (sc-IFN-alpha2a)-based outpatient regimens in 379 patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Patients with lung metastases, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate < or =70 mm h(-1) and neutrophil counts < or =6000 microl(-1) (group I) were randomised to arm A: sc-IL-2, sc-IFN-alpha2a, peroral 13-cis-retinoic acid (po-13cRA) (n=78), or arm B: arm A plus inhaled-IL-2 (n=65). All others (group II) were randomised to arm C: arm A plus intravenous 5-fluorouracil (iv-5-FU) (n=116), or arm D: arm A plus po-Capecitabine (n=120). Median overall survival (OS) was 22 months (arm A; 3-year OS: 29.7%) and 18 months (arm B; 3-year OS: 29.2%) in group I, and 18 months (arm C; 3-year OS: 25.7%) and 16 months (arm D; 3-year OS: 32.6%) in group II. There were no statistically significant differences in OS, progression-free survival, and objective response between arms A and B, and between arms C and D, respectively. Given the known therapeutic efficacy of sc-IL-2/sc-INF-alpha2a/po-13cRA-based outpatient chemoimmunotherapies, our results did not establish survival advantages in favour of po-Capecitabine vs iv-5-FU, and in favour of short-term inhaled-IL-2 in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma receiving systemic cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Fachklinik Hornheide an der Universität Münster, Internistische Onkologie, Dorbaumstrasse 300, Münster 48157, Germany. SekrProfAtzpodien@yahoo.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atzpodien
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rebmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soder
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gertenbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siebels
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roigas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raschke
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salm
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwindl
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leiber
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huland
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heinzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siemer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heynemann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fornara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D015474:Isotretinoin; D005472:Fluorouracil