title: Cell death induced by MPPa-PDT in prostate carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Lack of effective photosensitizers has become a major limit for extensive application of photodynamic therapy. In this study, the photocytotoxicity and mode of death induced by a newly developed photosensitizer MPPa, a derivative of chlorophyll a, were investigated in PC-3M cell line, a highly metastatic variant of poorly differentiated androgen-independent proctanec adenocarcinoma PC-3. MTT reduction assay was used to measure cytotoxicity in both PC-3M and HUVEC, after which a flow cytometer was used to measure apoptotic rate and cell cycle, and then Caspase-3, -8, -9 were investigated. Finally, an animal model was set up to embody the curative effect and for histopathological examinations. The photocytotoxicity of MPPa showed both light- and drug-dose dependent characteristics and no significant dark cytotoxicity was observed in PC-3M cells. In HUVEC, MPPa exhibited an obviously low cytotoxicity. By other in vitro studies, we found MPPa-PDT induced apoptotic mainly via the mitochondrial/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathway and could restrain the cell cycle progression from the more sensitive G0/G1-phases. In vivo, the tumour growth was significantly inhibited after PDT, and many apoptotic cells could be seen by histopathological examinations. These results indicate the death way of cells induced by MPPa is mainly via mild apoptotic and the cure effect is obvious, suggesting that MPPa is a potential photosensitizer of photodynamic therapy for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Wingnang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Kinman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Naiki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mak
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003624:Darkness; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D011166:Porphyrins; C452939:pyropheophorbide-a methylester; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases