title: Response surface methodology to obtain beta-estradiol biodegradable microspheres for long-term therapy of osteoporosis.
abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the main and interaction effects of formulation factors on the drug encapsulation efficiency of beta-estradiol biodegradable microspheres by applying response surface methodology. A secondary purpose was to obtain an optimized formula for long-term therapy of osteoporosis. A three factor, three level Box-Behnken experimental design was used to get 15 experimental runs. The independent variables were drug/polymer ratio (X1), dispersing agent concentration (X2), and deaggregating agent concentration (X3). The dependent variables were percentage encapsulation efficiency (Y1), cumulative percent drug released (Y2), and percentage yield of the microspheres (Y3). The formulations were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation technique using ethyl acetate as organic solvent. The optimized formulation was maximized for encapsulation efficiency and further characterized for the particle size distribution, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The mathematical relationship obtained between X1, X2, X3, and Y1 was: Y1 = -129.85 + 29.35X1 + 129.99X2 + 64.82X3 - 3.2X1X2 - 0.29X1X3 - 35.83X2X3 - 2.05X(2)(1) - 13.23X(2)(2) - 5.92X(2)(3) (R2 = 0.99) The equation showed that X1, X2, and X3 affect Y1 positively but interaction between any two of these factors affects Y1 negatively. The most significant interaction was between X2 and X3. The finding indicated that controlled releases beta-estradiol biodegradable microspheres with high encapsulation efficiency and low pulsatile release can be prepared and the quantitative response surface methodology applied helped in understanding the effects and the interaction effects between the three factors applied.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. abdel@hsc.edu.kw
authors.forename: Abdel-Azim
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zaghloul
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Afzal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004655:Emulsions; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D009821:Oils; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); D004958:Estradiol; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D000432:Methanol