title: Integrated chemical--physical processes kinetic modelling of multiple mineral precipitation problems.
abstract: A three-phase (aqueous/gas/solid) mixed weak acid/base chemistry kinetic model is applied to evaluate the processes operative in the aeration treatment of swine wastewater (SWW) and sewage sludge anaerobic digester liquor (ADL). In both applications, with a single set of constants (except for the aeration rates which are situation specific), close correlation could be obtained between predicted and measured data, except for the Ca concentration-time profile in the SWW. For this wastewater, the model application highlighted an inconsistency in the measured Ca data which could not be resolved; this illustrates the value of a mass balance-based model in evaluating experimental data. From the model applications, in both wastewaters the dominant minerals precipitating are struvite and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), which precipitate simultaneously competing for the same species, P. The absolute and relative masses of the two precipitants are governed by the initial solution state (e.g. total inorganic C (C(T)), Mg, Ca and P concentrations), their relative precipitation rates (struvite > ACP) and the system conditions imposed (aeration rates and time applied). It is concluded that the kinetic model is able to predict correctly the time-dependent weak acid/base chemistry reactions and final equilibrium state for situations where multiple minerals competing for the same species precipitate simultaneously or sequentially, a deficiency in traditional equilibrium chemistry-based algebraic models.
authors.affiliation: Water Research Group, Dept of Civil Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa. ekama@ebe.uct.ac.za
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ekama
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wentzel
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Loewenthal
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D007700:Kinetics; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D012722:Sewage