title: Titration curves: a useful instrument for assessing the buffer systems of acidic mining waters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The acidification of mine waters is generally caused by metal sulfide oxidation, related to mining activities. These waters are characterized by low pH and high acidity due to strong buffering systems. The standard acidity parameter, the Base Neutralization Capacity (BNC), is determined by endpoint titration, and reflects a cumulative parameter of both hydrogen ions and all buffering systems, but does not give information on the individual buffer systems. We demonstrate that a detailed interpretation of titration curves can provide information about the strength of the buffering systems. The buffering systems are of importance for environmental studies and treatment of acidic mining waters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titrations were carried out by means of an automatic titrator using acidic mining waters from Germany and Canada. The curves were interpreted, compared with each other, to endpoint titration results and to elemental concentrations contained therein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The titration curves were highly reproducible, and contained information about the strength of the buffer systems present. Interpretations are given, and the classification and comparison of acidic mining waters, by the nature and strength of their buffering systems derived from titration curves are discussed. The BNC-values calculated from the curves were more precise than the ones determined by the standard endpoint titration method. Due to the complex buffer mechanisms in acidic mining waters, the calculation of major metal concentrations from the shape of the titration curve resulted in estimates, which should not be confused with precise elemental analysis results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Titration curves provide an inexpensive, valuable and versatile tool, by which to obtain sophisticated information of the acidity in acidic water. The information about the strength of the present buffer systems can help to understand and document the complex nature of acidic mining water buffer systems. Finally, the interpretation of titration curves could help to improve treatment measurements and the ecological understanding of these acidic waters.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. totsche@igb-berlin.de
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Totsche
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fyson
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalin
authors.forename: Christian E W
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002021:Buffers; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008906:Mining; D017186:Titrimetry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D002021:Buffers; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical