title: Hyperintense nodules on non-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging of cirrhotic liver: fate and clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the fate of hyperintense hepatic nodules on nonenhanced T1-weighted (T1w) gradient-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) images in cirrhotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 79 cirrhotic patients with hyperintense nodules (>5 mm) on precontrast opposed-phase (repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE) = 140/2.7 msec) GRE images from initial MRI without T2-weighted (T2w) hyperintensity or arterial hypervascularity were subjected to analysis of subsequent MR images obtained at intervals of 12-56 months (mean = 24.5 months). Multiplicity of hyperintense nodules (group A, up to 8; group B, >8) was correlated with follow-up changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group B patients were younger (P = 0.003) than group A patients (mean = 47.5 and 56.2 years, respectively). In 66 group A patients, 39 out of 143 lesions (27%) were enlarged, including 20 malignantly transformed or borderline lesions. Of the 104 lesions (the eight largest lesions in each patient) in 13 group B patients, only three (2.9%) were enlarged. The results of best- and worst-case analyses showed that overall the lesions were benign in 91% and 82% of patients, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T1w hyperintense nodules without T2w hyperintensity or arterial hypervascularity in the cirrhotic liver are benign in most cases. In younger patients with numerous macronodules, almost all of these lesions follow a benign course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and the Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, YongDong Severance Hospital, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. yjsrad97@yumc.yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jeong-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jei Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ki Whang
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media