title: Do race, gender, and source of payment impact on anesthetic technique for inguinal hernia repair?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential differences in the type of anesthesia provided to patients of different race, gender, and source of payment undergoing inguinal hernia repair (IHR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory surgical centers/National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  5810 patients older than 14 years who underwent IHR in an ambulatory surgical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inguinal hernia repair under different types of anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association of race, gender, and source of payment with different types of anesthesia for IHR as determined by multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant discrepancies in the use of various anesthetics between patients of different race, gender, and source of payment were found. Patients identified as black and those of other minority groups were significantly more likely to receive general anesthesia compared with those identified as white (odds ratio [OR] 2.76, confidence interval [CI] 1.96-3.88 and OR 1.66, CI 1.14-2.42, respectively). Those identified as black were less likely to receive epidural anesthesia compared with their white counterparts (OR 0.36, CI 0.14-0.95). Women were less likely than men to undergo IHR with epidural anesthesia (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant discrepancies in the use of various anesthetics for IHR between patients of different race, gender, and insurance status were found. Despite limitations inherent to secondary data analysis, the findings raise the possibility that nonmedical factors may influence anesthetic management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. memtsoudiss@hss.edu
authors.forename: Stavros G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Memtsoudis
authors.forename: Melanie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Besculides
authors.forename: Cephas P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Swamidoss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011287:Prejudice; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013531:Surgicenters / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*