title: Fluorescence cystoscopy: is it ready for use in routine clinical practice?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the recent literature on the use of fluorescence cystoscopy in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent advances have been made in fluorescence cystoscopy with the use of newer fluorescence agents (hexylester aminolevulinate and hypericin) and their application to flexible cystoscopy. Within several hours of intravesical administration of these agents, bladder tumors can be detected using fluorescence cystoscopy resulting in improved cancer detection and lower short-term recurrence rates than white light cystoscopy. Preliminary results with flexible fluorescence cystoscopy suggest that this technique can be used for office-based cystoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant advances have been made in the field of fluorescence cystoscopy. The currently available fluorescence agents in recent phase II and III trials outperform white light cystoscopy in terms of cancer detection and recurrence-free survival. Fluorescence cystoscopy should be considered as an adjunctive tool for the diagnosis and management of superficial bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Philippe E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Spiess
authors.forename: H Barton
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes