title: Survey of levels of phthalate ester plasticizers in a sewage lagoon effluent and a receiving stream.
abstract: In this study, samples from a sewage treatment lagoon and those from a receiving stream were analyzed for their phthalate esters content. Knowledge of the distribution of ubiquitous phthalate esters in the sewage lagoon and the receiving stream was necessary because of the reports of their subtle toxicity to aquatic biota and humans. Liquid-liquid extraction, Clean-up experiment and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were the methods employed for the quantitative determination of the Phthalates. A study of uncontaminated water was done to establish blank levels. The sewage lagoon and the receiving stream were grossly polluted as several phthalate ester plasticizers: DMP, DEP, DPhP, DBP, DEHP, DOP and DINP were found present at monthly mean levels of between 24.02 mg/L and 139.25 mg/L in the sewage treatment lagoon and 10.41 mg/L and 80.53 mg/L in the receiving stream. The results showed higher levels of phthalate esters in the sewage lagoon compared to the receiving stream. The sewage lagoon was identified as a pollution point source into the receiving stream. Levels of phthalates obtained from the receiving stream are much higher than the water criteria of 3 microg/L phthalates recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for the protection of fish and other aquatic life in water and the Suggested No-Adverse Effect Levels (SNAEL) of 7.5-38.5 microg/L for drinking water. This should give cause for great environmental concern. Peoples' health downstream is at stake and so is the 'health' of the ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220005, Nigeria. aogunfow@oauife.edu.ng
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ogunfowokan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Torto
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Adenuga
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Okoh
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009549:Nigeria; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032279:phthalic acid