title: The microbial degradation of azimsulfuron and its effect on the soil bacterial community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Azimsulfuron is a recently introduced sulfonylurea herbicide useful in controlling weeds in paddy fields. To date very little information is available on the biodegradation of this pesticide and on its effect on the soil microbial community. The aim of this work was to study its biodegradation both in slurry soil microcosms and in batch tests with mixed and pure cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Azimsulfuron was applied to forest bulk soil in order to study its effect on the structure of the bacterial soil community, as detectable by denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses. Biodegradation and abiotic processes were investigated by HPLC analyses. In addition, a microbial consortium was selected, that was able to use azimsulfuron as the sole energy and carbon source. One of the metabolites produced by the consortium was isolated and identified through LC-MS analyses. Cultivable bacteria of the consortium were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing (1400 bp).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Azimsulfuron treatment seems to have the ability to cause changes in the bacterial community structure that are detectable by DGGE analyses. It is easily biodegraded both in microcosms and in batch tests, with the formation of an intermediate that was identified as 2-methyl-4-(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-pyrazole-3-sulfonamide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study increases the knowledge on the biodegradation of azimsulfuron and its effects on the soil microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche (DISTAM), Sezione MAAE, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. anna.valle@unimi.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boschin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abbruscato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sorlini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Agostina
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zanardini
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D017753:Ecosystem; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006540:Herbicides; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; C487586:azimsulfuron