title: Possible correlation between polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-beta gene and the clinicopathological features of bladder cancer in Japanese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a variety of cancers, several polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) genes have been reported to result in different clinical outcomes. We investigated whether a polymorphism of the TNF gene is associated with a susceptibility to bladder cancer and its disease status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha gene promoter (-308 bp) and the NcoI site in the first intron of the TNF-beta gene were analyzed in 141 Japanese patients with bladder cancer and 173 Japanese controls by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The correlations between the polymorphisms of the TNF genes and the clinicopathological features were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of cases and controls with TNF-alpha2 was too small to be assessable. In contrast, the TNF-beta1/2 genotype at the NcoI site in the first intron conferred a 1.71-fold increased risk of bladder cancer compared to the TNF-beta2/2 genotype. In the bladder cancer group, patients with the TNF-beta1 allele had a significantly higher risk for a high-grade tumor (grade 3) or carcinoma in situ (CIS) than those without the TNF-beta1 allele. Moreover, in the superficial bladder cancers, patients with the TNF-beta1 allele showed a significantly higher intravesical recurrence rate than those without the TNF-beta1 allele.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This polymorphism in the TNF-beta gene appears to be associated with tumor occurrence and disease status, such as the tumor grade and the presence of CIS. Further study with an increased sample size is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan. nono@uro.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonomura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokizane
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okuyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha