title: Drug therapy recommendations from the 2005 ACC/AHA guidelines for treatment of chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and discuss key aspects of the drug therapy recommendations in the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure (HF) in the Adult.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for Chronic HF. English-language clinical trials, observational studies, and pertinent review articles evaluating the pharmacotherapy of chronic HF were identified, based on MEDLINE searches through January 2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles presenting information that impacts the evidence base for recommendations regarding the use of various drug therapies in patients with chronic HF were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for HF provides revised, evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of chronic HF. The new guidelines are based on a staging system that recognizes both the development and progression of HF. Recommendations are provided for 2 stages of patients (A and B) who do not yet have clinical HF but are clearly at risk and 2 stages (C and D) that include patients with symptomatic HF. The guidelines continue to emphasize the important role of neurohormonal blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor blockers, beta-adrenergic blockers, and aldosterone antagonists. Based on recent trials, updated recommendations address the roles of combination therapy and the selective addition of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. Along with specific drug recommendations, information on the practical use of various drugs is provided. Although the guidelines primarily focus on HF due to systolic dysfunction, general recommendations are also provided for patients with preserved systolic function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update provides evidence-based recommendations for healthcare professionals involved in the care of adults with chronic HF. Recent clinical trial findings have further clarified the evolving role of neurohormonal-blocking drugs in the prevention and treatment of HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7231, USA. phoward@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Judy W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Colucci
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kalus
authors.forename: Sarah A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Spinler
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munger
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association; D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States