title: Variability in the performance of nuclear matrix protein 22 for the detection of bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed variability in the diagnostic performance of NMP22 for detecting recurrence and progression in patients with Ta, T1, and/or CIS transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a large international cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  NMP22 voided urine levels were measured in 2,871 patients who underwent office cystoscopy for monitoring previous stage Ta, T1 and/or CIS transitional cell carcinoma at 12 participating institutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient characteristics varied considerably among institutions. Overall 1,045 patients (36.4%) had recurrent transitional cell carcinoma (range across institutions 13.6% to 54.3%). Median NMP22 was 5.5 U/ml (range across institutions 2.5 to 18.8). Of the patients 33.5% had grade III tumors (range across institutions 20.6% to 54.0%) and 22.4% had muscle invasive tumors (range across institutions 3.2% to 38.2%). Area under the ROC curve for bladder TCC detection was 0.735 (95% CI 0.715 to 0.755, range across institutions 0.676 to 0.889). The manufacturer recommended cutoff of 10 U/ml detected 57% of cases with a 19% false-positive rate. AUC for grade III and stage T2 or greater disease was 0.806 (95% CI 0.780 to 831) and 0.864 (95% CI 0.839 to 0.890), respectively. For each NMP22 cutoff NMP22 had higher sensitivity for detecting grade III and stage T2 or greater bladder transitional cell carcinoma than for detecting any cancer. No optimal cutoffs for detecting any or aggressive bladder transitional cell carcinoma could be derived based on NMP22 values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a substantial degree of heterogeneity in the diagnostic performance of NMP22 applied to populations from different institutions. There is no clearly defined NMP22 cutoff but there is a continuum of risk for recurrence and progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA. Shahrokh.Shariat@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Shahrokh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Shariat
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marberger
authors.forename: Yair
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lotan
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Carbayo
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zippe
authors.forename: Gerson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lüdecke
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boman
authors.forename: Ihor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sawczuk
authors.forename: Martin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mian
authors.forename: Sanaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eissa
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akaza
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Serretta
authors.forename: Hartwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huland
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hedelin
authors.forename: Rupesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Arthur I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Sagalowsky
authors.forename: Claus G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Roehrborn
authors.forename: Pierre I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Karakiewicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22