title: Advances in the management of HIV-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Even with a decrease in AIDS-defining illnesses after the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma remains an important problem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, disease stage, performance status, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and number of extranodal sites of disease are all important prognostic factors for HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Recent studies have examined the role of infusional chemotherapy, as well as immunotherapy, in the treatment of aggressive HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. New developments in the association of viral infection and pathogenesis of certain subtypes of HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma have also recently been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes of HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma are improving with the routine use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and combination chemotherapy. For aggressive HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, infusional chemotherapy regimens are well tolerated and lead to complete response in about 50-75% of cases and a 2-3 years overall survival of 40-60%. The potential benefit of adding rituximab to combination chemotherapy may be offset by infectious complications in severely immunosuppressed patients. HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma should be treated with an intensive regimen rather than standard cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone-like chemotherapy. Autologous stem cell transplantation should be considered for selected patients with relapsed or refractory HIV-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA. caroline.behler@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Behler
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kaplan
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000628:therapy*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents