title: Influence of garlic (Allium sativum) on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The herbal supplement garlic (Allium sativum) is commonly used by cancer patients. Preclinical studies have shown that allicin, a major component of garlic, may affect cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity. This study examines the influence of garlic supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel, a CYP3A4 substrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with docetaxel (30 mg/m(2)) given weekly for 3 of 4 weeks. Three days after the initial dose of docetaxel, patients received 600 mg of garlic twice daily for 12 consecutive days. Docetaxel pharmacokinetics were assessed during the first three administrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10 evaluable patients, the mean baseline clearance of docetaxel was 30.8 L/h/m(2) [95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 16.7-44.9]. Coadministration of garlic reduced mean clearance of docetaxel to 23.7 L/h/m(2) (95% CI, 15.5-31.8) and 20.0 L/h/m(2) (95% CI, 13.3-26.7) on days 8 and 15, respectively (P = 0.17). Additional pharmacokinetic variables of docetaxel, including peak concentration (P = 0.79), area under the curve (P = 0.36), volume of distribution (P = 0.84), and half-life (P = 0.36), were also not statistically significantly different. The mean area under the curve ratio between day 15 and day 1 was 3.74 in three individuals with the CYP3A5*1A/*1A genotype (all African American) compared with 1.02 in six individuals with the CYP3A5*3C/*3C genotype (all Caucasian).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that garlic does not significantly affect the disposition of docetaxel. However, it cannot be excluded that garlic decreases the clearance of docetaxel in patients carrying a CYP3A5*1A allele.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology Research Core, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Low
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walshe
authors.forename: Neelima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Denduluri
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Permenter
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Petros
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Figg
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparreboom
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Swain
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005737:Garlic; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A