title: Modulation of HER2 expression by ferulic acid on human breast cancer MCF7 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The molecular mechanisms underlying the mitogenic effect of ferulic acid (FA), an active compound derived from Angelica sinensis, have never been elucidated. It was the aim of this study to investigate the proliferative effect of FA on human breast cancer cell lines and to elucidate its modulation mechanism on HER2 expression in MCF7 line.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using MCF7 (oestrogen receptor-positive; ER+, HER2-low), BT474 (ER+, HER2-high), MDAMB231 (ER-, HER2-low) and SKBR3 (ER-, HER2-high) human breast cancer cell lines as in vitro models, the mitogenic effects of FA were assessed by trypan blue dye exclusion assay and DNA flow cytometry. Ferulic acid-modulated cell signalling and HER2 gene expression were evaluated in MCF7 line by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ferulic acid ER-dependently stimulated cell proliferation on MCF7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The HER2 oncogene (one of the prognostic factors of breast cancer) and ESR1 gene (oestrogen receptor-alpha; ERalpha) transcription were markedly up-regulated by FA treatment. Besides, HER2 signalling and its downstream molecules such as AKT and ERK1/2 were involved in FA-modulated ERalpha and cyclin D1 synthesis. Addition of anti-HER2 antibody, trastuzumab, abrogated FA-enhanced proliferative effect on MCF7 cells, indicated a positive feedback control for the action of HER2 in this setting. The fact that the ER antagonist blocked most of the FA-up-regulated HER2 expression, and that trastuzumab down-regulated ERalpha gene expression, suggested a cross-talk between ERalpha and HER2 signalling on MCF7 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' conclude that FA causes human breast cancer cell proliferation by up-regulation of HER2 and ERalpha expression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lui
mesh_terms: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D018734:Genes, erbB-2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D008934:Mitogens; D019938:Cyclin D1; C004999:ferulic acid; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1