title: Susceptibility of Fusobacterium nucleatum to killing by peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combination in buffer solution and in human whole saliva.
abstract: Some Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with the infection of tooth supporting tissues, i.e. periodontitis. Of these bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum is sensitive to lactoperoxidase/myeloperoxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide system in vitro, but salivary concentrations of thiocyanate abolishes the bactericidality. These bacteria are located in periodontal pockets, on oral mucosa and in saliva. Although F. nucleatum most probably does not belong to the group of main periodontal pathogens, it sustains its proportion in the periodontal flora when gingivitis progresses to periodontitis. In this study, the sensitivity of F. nucleatum to different horseradish peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combinations was tested both in buffer and in sterilized human whole saliva. Horseradish peroxidase was chosen because it does not bind thiocyanate at pH > or = 6. After 1h incubation at 37 degrees C, the cell viability was estimated by plate count and with flow cytometer using LIVE/DEAD BacLight kit (Molecular Probes, USA). In saliva, the horseradish peroxidase (50 microg/mL)-iodide (2.5 mM)-hydrogen peroxide (2.5 mM) combination decreased the amount of viable bacteria to 37% compared to 85% in the control without any of the components when measured with flow cytometer. Replacement of buffer by saliva decreased the bactericidality of the peroxidase system. However, in buffer less iodide and hydrogen peroxide was needed to produce significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria when measured by plate count than with flow cytometer. Our study shows that horseradish peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combination is able to kill F. nucleatum cells in saliva. Horseradish peroxidase-iodide-hydrogen peroxide combination may be useful to diminish the degree of re-colonization of periodontitis-associated bacteria after periodontal therapy and to inhibit the transmission of these bacteria via saliva.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Turku Immunology Centre and TuBS, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, Fin-20520 Turku, Finland. riikka.ihalin@utu.fi
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ihalin
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nuutila
authors.forename: Vuokko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Loimaranta
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenander
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tenovuo
authors.forename: Esa-Matti
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lilius