title: Transcriptional regulation of ULBP1, a human ligand of the NKG2D receptor.
abstract: Tumor cells expressing ligands of the NKG2D receptor stimulate anti-tumor immunity mediated by natural killer and T cells. In humans, NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) are encoded by MIC and ULBP proteins. NKG2DL exhibit highly restricted expression in healthy tissues but are widely expressed in tumors. However, regulation of each NKG2DL differs substantially in different cancer cells. In this study, we characterized the mechanisms that regulate the expression of ULBP1. We show that the transcription of ULBP1 strictly depends on the binding of Sp1 and Sp3 to a CRE(1) site located in the ULBP1 minimal promoter. The mutation or deletion of this Sp1/Sp3 binding site abolished the transcription of ULBP1. It also diminished the transactivation of ULBP1 promoter by Sp3 overexpression, but not by Sp1, indicating that Sp3 is the main transcription factor that regulates ULBP1 through the CRE(1) site. Experiments in SL2 cells showed that the ULBP1 promoter was inactive in the absence of the Sp proteins and indicate that Sp3 is the essential activator of ULBP1 transcription, because the overexpression of Sp3 up-regulated its promoter activity > 500-fold. Additionally, we demonstrated that AP-2alpha repressed the expression of ULBP1 in HeLa cells by interfering with the binding of Sp3 and Sp1 to the ULBP1 promoter. These data indicate that Sp1, Sp3, and AP-2alpha may play an important role in the immunosurveillance against cancer. Finally, the definition of ULBP1 regulation may have implications for development of new therapeutic strategies against cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Soto
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Lombraña
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: López-Arbesú
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Larrea
authors.forename: Segundo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006367:HeLa Cells; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C527085:KLRK1 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D055655:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D055607:Receptors, Natural Killer Cell; C423231:ULBP1 protein, human; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor