title: Prediction of cervical involvement in endometrial cancer by hysteroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the ability of hysteroscopy to preoperatively predict cervical involvement in endometrial cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 110 surgically staged consecutive endometrial cancer patients treated at our institution from 1997 to 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Data on demographics, preoperative staging procedures, surgical pathology reports, and adjuvant treatments were retrieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen (12.7%) patients had cervical involvement (stage II) according to the surgical pathology report, of whom nine (8.1%) had stage IIA and five (4.6%) had stage IIB. Clinical evaluation by speculoscopy and palpation had failed to reveal any indication of cervical involvement. Preoperative diagnostic hysteroscopy procedures were included. None of the hysteroscopy procedures revealed any suspicious lesion in the cervical canal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hysteroscopy and clinical examination fail to adequately predict cervical involvement in endometrial carcinoma. Fractional D&C appears to be the best method until a more effective alternative becomes available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Benny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Almog
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutman
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grisaru
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies