title: Troglitazone and 9cis,11trans,13trans-conjugated linolenic acid: comparison of their antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on different colon cancer cell lines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously reported that troglitazone, a synthetic ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), and bitter gourd seed oil rich in 9cis,11trans,13trans-conjugated linolenic acid (9c,11t,13t-CLN) prevent colon carcinogenesis. To evaluate the chemotherapeutic effect and potency of these compounds on colon cancer cells, we investigated their antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects using different human colon cancer cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of troglitazone and 9c,11t,13t-CLN were evaluated and compared using HT-29, DLD-1 and Caco-2 cells at different stages of enterocytic differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Troglitazone and 9c,11t,13t-CLN decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in three colon cancer cell lines. The susceptibility of HT-29, which expresses PPARgamma at high levels, to troglitazone and 9c,11t,13t-CLN was higher than that of Caco-2 cells with low levels of PPARgamma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Troglitazone and 9c,11t,13t-CLN exhibited more effective chemotherapeutic effects on HT-29 cells than on Caco-2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077288:Troglitazone; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002839:Chromans; D008042:Linolenic Acids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; C004934:eleostearic acid; D000077288:Troglitazone