title: Bowel movement, state of stool, and subsequent risk for colorectal cancer: the Japan public health center-based prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence about whether irregular bowel movements or unusual stool conditions are associated with colorectal cancer is still inconsistent.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 479 newly diagnosed cases of colorectal cancer (303 men and 176 women) during a 7.9-year follow-up of a cohort consisting of 57,940 subjects (27,529 men and 30,411 women) aged 40 to 69 years at baseline. Bowel movements and stool conditions were asked through a self-administered questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither high nor low frequency of bowel movements was associated with colorectal cancer incidence compared with one bowel movement per day. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for two bowel movements or more per day were 1.03 (95% CI, 0.76-1.41) in men and 1.16 (95% CI, 0.68-2.00) in women. HRs for two to three bowel movements per week were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.61-1.55) in men and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.49-1.13) in women. There was no clear association between an unusual stool state, such as diarrhea or hard stools, and colorectal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that neither bowel movement frequency nor any specific state of stool causes colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. teotani@gan2.res.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasazuki
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003248:Constipation; D003672:Defecation; D003967:Diarrhea; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors