title: Young, adult, and old rats have similar changes in mRNA expression of many skeletal genes after fracture despite delayed healing with age.
abstract: Genes active in fracture healing are not well understood. Because age slows skeletal repair, the change in gene expression between animals of differing ages may illuminate novel pathways important to this healing response. To explore this, 6-, 26-, and 52-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to mid-diaphyseal femoral fracture with intramedullary fixation. The fracture callus was collected at 0, 0.4 (3 days), 1, 2, 4, or 6 weeks after fracture. RNA was extracted and pooled between two animals for each sample. Three samples were done for each time point for each age for a total of 54 Affymetrix U34A GeneChip microarrays. Of the 8700 genes on each array, 3300 were scored as present. Almost all of these genes were affected by femoral fracture with either upregulation or downregulation in the 6 weeks after fracture. Upregulated genes included markers for matrix genes for both cartilage and bone, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, fibroblasts, and mast cells. Downregulated genes included genes related to blood cell synthesis. Nearly all genes presently associated with bone metabolism showed the same response to fracture healing regardless of the age of the animal. In conclusion, skeletal fracture led to similar changes in RNA expression for most skeletal genes despite the delay in the formation of bone to bridge the fracture gap in old rats. Defects in the healing of skeletal trauma in older rats may lie in systems not normally studied by skeletal biologists.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Carolinas Medical Center, P.O. Box 32861, Room 304, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232-2861, USA. ralpham@aol.com
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Bhaloo R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Heiner
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiechtl
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Martha H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D002356:Cartilage / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000502:physiology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger