title: Using the Natural Language Paradigm (NLP) to increase vocalizations of older adults with cognitive impairments.
abstract: The Natural Language Paradigm (NLP) has proven effective in increasing spontaneous verbalizations for children with autism. This study investigated the use of NLP with older adults with cognitive impairments served at a leisure-based adult day program for seniors. Three individuals with limited spontaneous use of functional language participated in a multiple baseline design across participants. Data were collected on appropriate and inappropriate vocalizations with appropriate vocalizations coded as prompted or unprompted during baseline and treatment sessions. All participants experienced increases in appropriate speech during NLP with variable response patterns. Additionally, the two participants with substantial inappropriate vocalizations showed decreases in inappropriate speech. Implications for intervention in day programs are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Western Michigan University, 1903 W. Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA. Linda.Leblanc@wmich.edu
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Kaneen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sautter
authors.forename: Tina M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Sidener
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003631:Day Care, Medical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008875:Middle Aged; D019989:Persons with Intellectual Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D014040:Token Economy; D014705:Verbal Behavior