Posttraumatic stress disorder and other psychological sequelae among world trade center clean up and recovery workers.
We assessed the health of workers exposed to the World Trade Center (WTC) site and of a comparison group of unexposed workers, by means of a mail survey. Exposed workers reported higher frequency of symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and other psychological problems, approximately 20 months after the disaster. PTSD was positively associated with traumatic on-site experiences and with respiratory problems. These findings may have important clinical and public health implications.
Gross
Raz
R
Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. rg547@columbia.edu
Neria
Yuval
Y
Tao
Xuguang Grant
XG
Massa
Jennifer
J
Ashwell
Leslie
L
Davis
Kathleen
K
Geyh
Alison
A
D003371:Cough / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D009519:New York City; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D023481:Terrorism