title: Molecular and immunohistochemical analyses of cardiac troponin T during cardiac development in the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.
abstract: The Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, is an excellent animal model for studying heart development because it carries a naturally occurring recessive genetic mutation, designated gene c, for cardiac nonfunction. The double recessive mutants (c/c) fail to form organized myofibrils in the cardiac myoblasts resulting in hearts that fail to beat. Tropomyosin expression patterns have been studied in detail and show dramatically decreased expression in the hearts of homozygous mutant embryos. Because of the direct interaction between tropomyosin and troponin T (TnT), and the crucial functions of TnT in the regulation of striated muscle contraction, we have expanded our studies on this animal model to characterize the expression of the TnT gene in cardiac muscle throughout normal axolotl development as well as in mutant axolotls. In addition, we have succeeded in cloning the full-length cardiac troponin T (cTnT) cDNA from axolotl hearts. Confocal microscopy has shown a substantial, but reduced, expression of TnT protein in the mutant hearts when compared to normal during embryonic development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pietras
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Sferrazza
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Athauda
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rueda-de-Leon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rveda-de-Leon
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lemanski
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lemanski
mesh_terms: D000558:Ambystoma mexicanum / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D007120:Immunochemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009154:Mutation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014335:Tropomyosin / Q000378:metabolism; D020107:Troponin T / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014335:Tropomyosin; D020107:Troponin T