title: The prognostic value of pimonidazole and tumour pO2 in human cervix carcinomas after radiation therapy: a prospective international multi-center study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoxia adversely affects treatment outcome in human uterine cervical cancer. Here, we present the results of a prospective international multi-centre study evaluating the prognostic value of pre-treatment tumour oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)) and the hypoxia marker pimonidazole (pimo).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-seven patients with primary cervix cancer were entered. Pre-treatment tumour pO(2) measurements were obtained, and reported by the median tumour pO(2), the fraction of pO(2) values <or=10 mmHg (HP(10)), <or=5 mmHg (HP(5)) and <or=2.5 mmHg (HP(2.5)). Following intravenous pimonidazole administration, biopsies were taken, stained for pimonidazole adducts, and scored for the area of labelled tumour cells on a scale from 0 to 4. Treatment modalities were surgery (11%), radiotherapy (98%), chemotherapy (33%) and carbogen (14%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the hypoxia descriptors were statistically significant prognostic factors for loco-regional tumour control or overall survival when analyzed as continuous variables or divided by the sample median. By univariate analysis only tumour size and nodal status were significant prognostic factors for local control. Tumour size and FIGO stage were significant for overall survival. In a multivariate analysis stratified by centre, only tumour size above 5 cm and lower pre-treatment haemoglobin predicted poorer overall survival among FIGO stage, nodal involvement, tumour size, pre-treatment haemoglobin dichotomized at 12 g/dl and pimo 1, pimo 4 and HP(5) as continuous variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither Eppendorf nor pimonidazole should be dismissed based on the current results. However, further investigations are needed to readdress the hypotheses of the current study having optimized statistical designs, and a population of sufficient size treated more homogenously following rigorous protocols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. marianne@oncology.dk <marianne@oncology.dk>
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nordsmark
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loncaster
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aquino-Parsons
authors.forename: Shu-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gebski
authors.forename: Catharine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Jacob C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lindegaard
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Havsteen
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Raleigh
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overgaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009593:Nitroimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D009593:Nitroimidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C033815:pimonidazole; D010100:Oxygen