title: Exercise-induced oxidative stress in G6PD-deficient individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate whether individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency can exercise without greater perturbations in their redox status compared with non-G6PD-deficient individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine males with established G6PD deficiency and nine males with normal G6PD activity performed two exhaustive treadmill exercise protocols of different duration (the shorter one lasting 12 min and the longer one 50 min). Several hematological parameters, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyls, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the blood before and after each exercise bout.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both GSH and GSSG were significantly higher in the control group compared with the G6PD-deficient group at baseline (0.404 +/- 0.101 vs 0.195 +/- 0.049 mmol.L(-1) for GSH and 0.047 +/- 0.012 vs 0.012 +/- 0.006 mmol.L(-1) for GSSG; P < 0.05); as a result, their ratio was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). All other oxidative stress indices were not different between groups at rest (P > 0.05). Exercise of both durations affected significantly (P < 0.05) and similarly the levels of all oxidative stress indices either in the G6PD-deficient group or in the control group. Only the long exercise affected GSH status significantly (P < 0.05), whereas both short and long exercise increased the levels of TBARS, protein carbonyls, catalase activity, and TAC to a similar extent (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G6PD-deficient individuals are able to exercise until exhaustion without higher oxidative stress compared with non-G6PD-deficient individuals. Exercise duration is an important determinant of the magnitude of exercise-induced changes for GSH, GSSG, and GSH/GSSG, but not for TBARS, protein carbonyls, catalase activity, or TAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Michalis G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nikolaidis
authors.forename: Athanasios Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Jamurtas
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paschalis
authors.forename: Iason A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Kostaropoulos
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kladi-Skandali
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balamitsi
authors.forename: Yiannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koutedakis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kouretas
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005955:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000097:blood; D049669:History, 16th Century; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide