title: Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in the ventral medulla are essential for normal central and peripheral chemoreception in the conscious rat.
abstract: Neurokinin-1 receptor immunoreactive (NK1R-ir) neurons and processes are widely distributed within the medulla, prominently at central chemoreceptor sites. Focal lesions of NK1R-ir neurons in the medullary raphe or the retrotrapezoid nucleus partially reduced the CO(2) response in conscious rats. We ask if NK1R-ir cells and processes over a wide region of the ventral medulla are essential for central and peripheral chemoreception by cisterna magna injection of SSP-SAP, a high-affinity version of substance P-saporin. After 22 days, NK1R-ir cell loss was -79% in the retrotrapezoid nucleus and -65% in the A5 region, which lie close to the ventral surface, and -38% in the medullary raphe and -49% in the pre-Bötzinger complex/rostral ventral respiratory group, which lie deeper. Dorsal chemoreceptor sites, the caudal nucleus tractus solitarius and the A6 region, were unaffected. At 8 and 22 days, these lesions produced 1) hypoventilation during air breathing in wakefulness ( approximately 8%) and in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) ( approximately 9%) and rapid eye movement ( approximately 14%) sleep, as measured over a 4-h period; 2) a substantially reduced ventilatory response to 7% CO(2) by 61% in wakefulness and 46-57% in NREM sleep; and 3) a decreased ventilatory response to 12% O(2) by 40% in wakefulness and 35% in NREM sleep at 8 days, with partial recovery by 22 days. NK1R-ir neurons in the ventral medulla are essential for normal central chemoreception, provide a drive to breathe, and modulate the peripheral chemoreceptor responses. These effects are not state dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Borwell Bldg., Lebanon, NH 03756-0001, USA. Eugene.Nattie@Dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nattie
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D003243:Consciousness; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000502:physiology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1