title: Hard tissue pediatric facial trauma: a review.
abstract: Although hard tissue injuries are uncommon in the pediatric patient, dentists may be involved in the initial assessment of these patients. In this paper, we review fractures of the facial skeleton with a focus on dentoalveolar injuries. Minimally displaced fractures in pediatric patients can be managed conservatively, while displaced fractures may require open approaches and rigid fixation. New fixation stratagems are presented, and possible facial growth disturbances resulting from trauma are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia 25302, USA. n_hogg@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nicholas J V
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Bruce B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Horswell
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D011859:Radiography; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000628:therapy