title: Aerosol therapy by pressured metered-dose inhaler-spacer in sleeping young children: to do or not to do?
abstract: One third of young children are distressed during inhalation therapy. It has been suggested that administration during sleep could be a good alternative for these children. A laboratory study in our department using an infant upper airway model showed significantly higher lung doses from a pressured metered-dose inhaler (pMDI)-spacer for sleep-breathing patterns compared with wake-breathing patterns.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We set up a daily life study to investigate the feasibility of aerosol administration by means of pMDI-spacer in sleeping young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of 3 weeks, 30 children (age range, 6 to 23 months) with recurrent wheeze daily inhaled 1 puff of budesonide aerosol (200 mug) while awake and 1 puff during sleep. Filters positioned between the chamber and the facemask trapped the budesonide aerosol. Parents scored the child's asthma symptoms, degree of cooperation, and feasibility of administration on diary cards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 69% of the sleep administrations, the children woke up, and in 75% of these cases the children were distressed. The mean filter dose (expressed as the percentage of the nominal dose) while awake was 47%, and during sleep it was 16% (p = 0.007). The median within-subject dose variability while awake was 50%, and during sleep it was 110% (p = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerosol administration by means of pMDI-spacer during sleep offers no advantage and is not a feasible treatment option in most young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Esposito-Festen
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ijsselstijn
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hop
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Jongste
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiddens
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003657:Decision Making; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers; D012890:Sleep; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D019819:Budesonide