title: Stenting versus non-stenting after non-complicated ureteroscopic manipulation of stones in bilharzial ureters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stents were used routinely after ureteroscopy to prevent postoperative ureteral obstruction. However, because of the recognized complications of stents, non-stenting is the new trend after uncomplicated ureteroscopy. The wall of the bilharzial ureter is characteristically thick and may be calcified. The aim of this study is to see if the non-stenting trend could be applied to ureteroscopic manipulation of stones in bilharzial ureters.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 56 patients, with evidence of bilharzial lesions in the urinary tract, undergoing ureteroscopy for distal ureteral stones were included. After successful uncomplicated stone fragmentation and extraction, patients were randomized into two groups. Group A includes 28 patients in whom double J 6-Fr polyurethane stents were placed for 3 weeks. Group B includes 28 non-stented patients. Postoperative fever, loin pain, lower urinary tract symptoms and change in the degree of hydronephrosis were reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in the mean age of patients and stone size in both groups. The mean operative time was 43 +/- 14 min in group A and 38 +/- 11 in group B. There was no significant difference in the mean loin pain score, in the first postoperative 48 h, in both groups (4.4 +/- 0.8 in group A and 4.9 +/- 0.5 in group B). Patients in group A had, significantly, more flank pain with voiding (P < 0.01), voiding pain (P = 0.04), frequency (P = 0.01) and urgency (P = 0.04). Radiologic follow-up was available for 24 patients in group A and 23 patients in group B at the 3-month visit. Hydronephrosis had improved in all patients, in both groups, with no evidence of ureteral stricture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine placement of stents after uncomplicated ureteroscopy for distal ureteral stones is unnecessary in bilharzial ureters. Moreover, it might be unadvisable because lower urinary tract symptoms and voiding loin pain are more in patients with ureteral stents and hydronephrosis is equally improved in stented and non-stented patients.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Minia University Hospital, El-Minia, Egypt. alaymanh@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Alayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rifaat
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaki
authors.forename: Mamdouh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abol-Nasr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014567:Urography