Consumption of saturated fat impairs the anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoproteins and endothelial function.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary fatty acids on the anti-inflammatory properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and vascular function.


BACKGROUND
The effect of dietary fatty acids on atherogenesis remains uncertain.


METHODS
Fourteen adults consumed an isocaloric meal containing either a polyunsaturated or a saturated fat on 2 occasions. The effects of post-prandial HDL on endothelial cell expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and microvascular reactivity were assessed before and 3 and 6 h after the meal.


RESULTS
Plasma triglycerides, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acids rose after the meals. The HDL collected 6 h after the saturated meal were less effective than HDL isolated from fasting plasma in terms of their ability to inhibit expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, whereas HDL collected 6 h after the polyunsaturated meal had an inhibitory activity that was greater than that of HDL collected from fasting plasma (p < 0.004 and p = 0.01 for comparison of effect of meals on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively). Post-hyperemic microvascular flow significantly increased at 3 h after the polyunsaturated meal by 45 +/- 14% and by 21 +/- 11% after the saturated meal. The FMD decreased 3 h after the saturated meal by 2.2 +/- 0.9% (p< 0.05 compared with baseline) and by 0.9 +/- 1% after the polyunsaturated meal.


CONCLUSIONS
Consumption of a saturated fat reduces the anti-inflammatory potential of HDL and impairs arterial endothelial function. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory activity of HDL improves after consumption of polyunsaturated fat. These findings highlight novel mechanisms by which different dietary fatty acids may influence key atherogenic processes.
Nicholls
Stephen J
SJ
The Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Lundman
Pia
P
Harmer
Jason A
JA
Cutri
Belinda
B
Griffiths
Kaye A
KA
Rye
Kerry-Anne
KA
Barter
Philip J
PJ
Celermajer
David S
DS
D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D044842:Cullin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; C496871:CUL5 protein, human; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D044842:Cullin Proteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1