title: mTOR-independent translational control of the extrinsic cell death pathway by RalA.
abstract: Oncogenic potential is associated with translational regulation, and the prevailing view is that oncogenes use mTOR-dependent pathways to up-regulate the synthesis of proteins critical for transformation. In this study, we show that RalA, a key mediator of Ras transformation, is also linked to the translational machinery. At least part of this linkage, however, is independent of mTOR and acts through RalBP1 to suppress cdc42-mediated activation of S6 kinase and the translation of the antiapoptotic protein FLIP(S). This action, rather than contributing to transformation, opens a latent tumor-suppressive mechanism that can be activated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. These results show that the translational machinery is linked to tumor suppression as well as cell-proliferative pathways and that the reestablishment of cell death pathways by activation of the Ral oncogenic program provides a means for selective therapeutic targeting of Ral-driven malignancies.
authors.affiliation: UCSF Cancer Center, 2340 Sutter St., Rm N219, San Francisco, CA 94115-0875, USA.
authors.forename: Amith
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panner
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Parsa
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Viciana
authors.forename: Mitchel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stokoe
authors.forename: Russell O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Pieper
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020725:ral GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; C506387:Cflar protein, mouse; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; C505654:Tnfsf10 protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020725:ral GTP-Binding Proteins