title: Effect of trotting velocity on work patterns of the hind limbs of Greyhounds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the effects of trotting velocity on joint angular excursions, net joint moments, and powers across the hind limb joints in Greyhounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 healthy Greyhounds with no history of lameness of the hind limbs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Small reflective markers were applied to the skin over the joints of the hind limbs, and a 4-camera kinematic system was used to record positional data at 200 Hz in tandem with force platform data while the dogs trotted on a runway at slow, medium, and fast velocities. Breed-specific morphometric data were combined with kinematic and force data in an inverse-dynamics solution for net joint moments and powers at the hip, stifle, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angle, moment, and power patterns at the various joints were conserved among the 3 velocities. With increasing velocity, moments and powers at the tarsal, stifle, and hip joints during the stance phase were increased in amplitude, whereas amplitudes during the swing phase were not. The main contributors to increased velocity were the hip extensors and stifle flexors during the early part of the stance phase and the tarsal extensors during the late part of the stance phase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increases in trotting velocity in Greyhounds do not alter the basic patterns of work and power for various joints of the hind limbs, but local burst amplitudes during the stance phase increase incrementally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, North Somerset, UK BS40 5DU.
authors.forename: G Robert
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Colborne
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Anna J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tattersall
authors.forename: Cathy J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fuller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors