title: Bacteria removal in septic effluent: influence of biofilm and protozoa.
abstract: Numerous biological, physical and chemical parameters are involved in the retention and removal of bacteria in wastewater treatment systems. Biological parameters, such as biofilms and protozoa grazing activity, are often mentioned but few studies provide a better understanding of their influence. In this study, the effect of bacterivorous protozoa on pathogenic indicator bacteria removal was investigated in septic effluent and in the presence of a biofilm coating glass slides. Endogenous bacteria from septic effluent were quantified. First, bacteria removal was compared between septic effluents treated or not with an inhibitor of protozoa (cycloheximide). The mortality rates were 10 times lower in treated effluent (96 CFU mL(-1) d(-1)) than in untreated effluent (1100 CFU mL(-1) d(-1)). Secondly, the efficiency of bacteria removal was studied (i) with a biofilm surface and active protozoa, (ii) with a biofilm surface and inactivated protozoa, (iii) with a clean surface. Protozoa in the presence of a biofilm were responsible for 60% of bacteria removal. Biofilm without protozoa and a clean surface each removed similar quantities of bacteria. Grazing by protozoa could be an important biological mechanism for bacterial elimination in wastewater treatment systems.
authors.affiliation: Département C.A.P.E., Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP 82341, 44323 Nantes cedex 03, France. Electronic address: chabaud@cstb.fr.
authors.forename: Sylvaine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chabaud
authors.affiliation: Ecole des Mines de Nantes, GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 03, France. Electronic address: yves.andres@emn.fr.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Andres
authors.affiliation: Département C.A.P.E., Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP 82341, 44323 Nantes cedex 03, France. Electronic address: lakel@cstb.fr.
authors.forename: Abdel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lakel
authors.affiliation: Ecole des Mines de Nantes, GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 03, France. Electronic address: pierre.le-cloirec@emn.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Cloirec
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms; D056890:Eukaryota; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage