title: A prospective multicentre study on the safety of long-term intensive plasmapheresis in donors (SIPLA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The safety of chronic intensive donor plasmapheresis has not been determined in large prospective studies examining dropout rates, dropout reasons and predictors of withdrawals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one plasma centres recruited 3783 donors who were switched from a moderate to an intensive plasmapheresis programme and observed over a 3-year period. Individuals weighing < 70 kg and > or = 70 kg donated 750 ml and 850 ml of plasma per session, respectively. The maximum of annual donations was limited to 60. Total serum protein (TSP) and haemoglobin (Hb) or haematocrit (Hct) were determined at each donation, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) at every fifth donation. Dropout rates, dropout reasons and potential predictors of withdrawal were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dropouts were predominantly due to socioeconomic (49.2% of all donors) or medical reasons not related to plasma donations (10.4% of all donors). Sixteen per cent of donors dropped out when IgG, TSP or Hb levels fell below threshold values. Severe clinical adverse events related to plasmapheresis were observed in five subjects. The incidence in severe cardiovascular diseases was lower in donors than in the general population. The risk factors that led to dropping out as a result of low IgG, TSP or Hb levels included younger age, female gender, low initial IgG levels and a high donation frequency. Neither body weight nor the amounts of plasma donated per kilogram of body weight per session were associated with ceasing due to medical reasons, whether related or unrelated to plasma donations. Females and males within the respective lowest body weight category were not at higher risk of dropping out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term intensive donor plasmapheresis under conditions investigated in this study is safe. All donors weighing > or = 70 kg are safely able to donate 850 ml of plasma in each session up to 60 times per year, provided that they are carefully monitored.
authors.affiliation: RBSD SRK Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schulzki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Storch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karges
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiessig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Taborski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steppat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Behm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeisner
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hellstern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors / Q000523:psychology; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010956:Plasmapheresis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013557:Switzerland; D013997:Time Factors