title: Dipyridamole may induce migraine in patients with migraine without aura.
abstract: Dipyridamole inhibits phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) and adenosine re-uptake. The most prominent side-effect is headache. We examined the migraine-generating effects of dipyridamole as well as the cerebral blood velocity response in a single-blind study, including 10 patients with migraine without aura and 10 healthy subjects. Dipyridamole 0.142 mg/kg per min was administered intravenously. Headache intensity was scored on a verbal rating scale along with pain characteristics and accompanying symptoms. Blood velocity in the middle cerebral artery (V(mca)), blood pressure and heart rate were recorded repeatedly. Headache was induced in all migraine patients and in eight of 10 healthy subjects (P = 0.47) with no significant difference in headache intensity (P = 0.53). However, five patients but only one healthy subject experienced the symptoms of migraine without aura, according to ICHD-2 criteria, within 12 h (P = 0.14). Four patients reported photophobia after dipyridamole compared with no healthy subjects (P = 0.087). V(mca) decreased (P < 0.001) during and after dipyridamole infusion with no difference between groups (P = 0.15) coinciding with initiation, but not cessation of immediate headache. Thus, dipyridamole induces symptoms of migraine and an initial decrease in V(mca) in migraine patients, but not significantly more than in healthy subjects. This relatively low frequency of migraine induction, compared with nitric oxide donors and sildenafil, is probably due to the less specific action of dipyridamole on the cGMP signalling pathway as well as a possible bidirectional effect of adenosine on migraine induction.
authors.affiliation: Danish Headache Centre and Department of Neurology, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kruuse
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oestergaard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olesen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D004176:Dipyridamole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D004176:Dipyridamole