title: [Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893) Moravec, 1982--capillaria with an atypical life cycle].
abstract: Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893)--commonly known as Capillaria hepatica is a nematode parasitising in liver of rodents, some domestic and wild mammals: Insectivora, Carnivora, Artiodactyla and Primates including human as well. C. hepaticum is the only nematode--geohelminth, which for the continuity of the life cycle needs the death of the host being the intermediate and final host at the same time. The eggs of the parasite deposited by female worms in liver of the host became entrapped in fibrotic tissue. C. hepaticum is a cosmopolitic nematode. Rats and mice (domestic and field) are the main hosts of this parasite, the prevalence of infection can be very high e.g. Rattus norvegicus--100% in the Baltimore Zoo (Farhang-Azad 1977) as well as from the urban area of Milan (Italy)--the prevalence of infection was 36% (Ceruti et al. 2001). Hepatic capillariasis was not recorded in our country but its existence seems to be very probable.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Parazytologii, Instytut Genetyki i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okulewicz
authors.forename: Perec
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agnieszka
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okulewicz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000469:parasitology; D002195:Capillaria / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D051381:Rats; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D013045:Species Specificity