title: Peginterferon-alfa2a plus ribavirin for 48 versus 72 weeks in patients with detectable hepatitis C virus RNA at week 4 of treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with chronic hepatitis C who do not respond rapidly to therapy have a low chance of developing a sustained virologic response (SVR) when treated for 48 weeks. This study investigated whether treatment for 72 weeks increases the rate of SVR in patients with detectable hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels at week 4 of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 510 treatment-naive patients were treated with peginterferon-alfa2a (180 microg/wk) plus ribavirin (800 mg/day). Patients with detectable HCV-RNA levels at week 4 (n = 326) were randomized to complete 48 (group A, n = 165) or 72 weeks (group B, n = 161) of treatment. Patients with undetectable HCV-RNA levels at week 4 (n = 184) were allocated into group C (n = 148) or group D (n = 36), according to HCV genotype and baseline viremia, and treated for 24 or 48 weeks, respectively. All patients were followed-up for 24 weeks after the end of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The end-of-treatment response rate (61%) was similar in groups A and B, but the SVR rate was higher in group B (45% vs 32% in A; P = .01). In genotype 1-infected patients randomized to group A (n = 149) or B (n = 142), SVR rates were 28% and 44%, respectively (P = .003). The incidence of adverse events was similar in all groups. Treatment discontinuation was more frequent in group B (36%) than in group A (18%) (P = .0004). SVR rates in groups C and D were 79% and 64%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extension of treatment with peginterferon-alfa2a plus ribavirin from 48 to 72 weeks significantly increases the rate of SVR in patients with detectable viremia at week 4 of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. sanchez@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Tapias
authors.forename: Moisés
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diago
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Escartín
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Enríquez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romero-Gómez
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bárcena
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Bauer
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Testillano
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Planas
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solá
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Bengoechea
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia-Samaniego
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Sánchez
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno-Otero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a