title: Identification and characterization of new protein chemoattractants in the frog skin secretome.
abstract: The vomeronasal organ is a chemosensory organ present in most vertebrates and involved in chemical communication. In the last decade, the deciphering of the signal transduction process of this organ has progressed. However, less is known about the vomeronasal organ ligands and their structure-function relationships. Snakes possess a highly developed vomeronasal system that is used in various behaviors such as mating, predator detection, or prey selection, making this group a suitable model for study of the vomeronasal chemoreception. In this work, we used a proteomics approach to identify and characterize proteins from frog cutaneous mucus proteome involved in prey recognition by snakes of the genus Thamnophis. Herein we report the purification and characterization of two proteins isolated from the frog skin secretome that elicit the vomeronasal organ-mediated predatory behavior of Thamnophis marcianus. These proteins are members of the parvalbumin family, which are calcium-binding proteins generally associated to muscular and nervous tissues. This is the first report that demonstrates parvalbumins are not strictly restricted to intracellular compartments and can also be isolated from exocrine secretions. Purified parvalbumins from frog muscle and mucus revealed identical chemoattractive properties for T. marcianus. Snake bioassay revealed the Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) dependence of the bioactivity of parvalbumins. So parvalbumins appear to be new candidate ligands of the vomeronasal organ.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Proteomics and Protein Biochemistry, University of Mons-Hainaut, Av. du Champs de Mars, 6, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toubeau
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falmagne
authors.forename: Ruddy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wattiez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000378:metabolism*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000737:chemistry; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D017812:Colubridae / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009093:Mucus / Q000737:chemistry; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry*; D019147:Vomeronasal Organ / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D010320:Parvalbumins; D020543:Proteome; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium