title: Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: Acinetobacter species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are noted for their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics and for their ability to acquire genes encoding resistance determinants. Foremost among the mechanisms of resistance in both of these pathogens is the production of beta -lactamases and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Additionally, diminished expression of outer membrane proteins, mutations in topoisomerases, and up-regulation of efflux pumps play an important part in antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, the accumulation of multiple mechanisms of resistance leads to the development of multiply resistant or even "panresistant" strains.
authors.affiliation: Louis Stokes Cleveland Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Section of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. robert.bonomo@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bonomo
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szabo
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000378:metabolism; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018272:Porins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018272:Porins; D015363:Quinolones; D001618:beta-Lactamases