title: Breaching the great wall: peptidoglycan and microbial interactions.
abstract: Once thought to be a process that occurred only in a few human pathogens, release of biologically active peptidoglycan fragments during growth by Gram-negative bacteria controls many types of bacterial interaction, including symbioses and interactions between microorganisms. This Perspective explores the role of peptidoglycan fragments in mediating a range of microbial-host interactions, and discusses the many systems in which peptidoglycan fragments released during bacterial growth might be active.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Cloud-Hansen
authors.forename: S Brook
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Eric V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Stabb
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McFall-Ngai
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Handelsman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D010457:Peptidoglycan