title: Ampakines and the threefold path to cognitive enhancement.
abstract: Ampakines are the first peripherally administered drugs that increase excitatory monosynaptic responses in the brain. Because of this effect, the compounds improve communication in complex networks, potently facilitate long-term potentiation (LTP) and induce the expression of neurotrophic factors. Ampakines are effective in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders and have produced positive results in a small number of human studies. Neurobiological considerations and modeling studies suggest that the drugs, in addition to their effects on disturbed behavior, will alter the encoding and organization of information in normal brains. Results from physiological and behavioral studies accord with this prediction. Building on these findings, this article considers how the threefold effects of ampakines will modify, and enhance, cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, USA. glynch@uci.edu
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents; D018091:Receptors, AMPA