title: Stat3 mediates interleukin-6 [correction of interelukin-6] inhibition of human endothelial nitric-oxide synthase expression.
abstract: Chronic activation of the acute phase response (APR) is associated with atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of interleukin-6, the major inducer of the APR, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. One of the clinical hallmarks of atherogenesis is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a decrease in endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO). We hypothesized that interleukin-6 (IL-6) decreases endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression. We now show that IL-6 treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) decreases steady-state levels of human eNOS mRNA and protein. This decrease in eNOS expression is caused in part by IL-6 inhibition of transactivation of the human eNOS promoter. To explore the mechanism by which IL-6 affects eNOS expression, we examined activation of signal transducer and transactivator-3 (Stat3). The IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) is expressed in HAEC, and Stat3 is phosphorylated in response to IL-6 stimulation of the IL-6R. We identified four consensus sequences for Stat3 binding (SIE) in the eNOS promoter at positions -1520, -1024, -840, and -540. Transfection of eNOS promoter mutants revealed that the SIE at -1024 mediates Stat3 inhibition of eNOS promoter activity. Gel-shift analysis of nuclear extracts from HAEC treated with IL-6 confirms that Stat3 binds to a complex containing the SIE at -1024. RNA silencing of STAT3 blocks the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on eNOS expression. Our data show that IL-6 has direct effects upon endothelial cells, inhibiting eNOS expression in part through Stat3. Decreased levels of eNOS may be an important component of the pro-atherogenic effect of the APR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saura
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zaragoza
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herranz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Puyol
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lowenstein
mesh_terms: D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology*; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III