title: In vitro study of the ilial anatomic landmarks for safe implant insertion in the first sacral vertebra of the intact canine sacroiliac joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define landmarks on the canine ilial wing for accurate, consistent insertion of implants into the 1st sacral (S1) vertebral body when the sacroiliac joint is intact.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anatomic study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intact, cadaveric canine pelves and sacra (n=25).
  
  
  METHODS
  Median sections (5 specimens) were drilled from the center of S1 in a lateral direction, exiting on the ilial wing. Landmarks on the ilial wing and shaft used to define this exit point were then used to locate this point on both wings of 20 articulated specimens, positioned and rigidly held so that the dorsal plane of the pelvis was aligned with a plumb line and the median plane of the pelvis was horizontal. A 2 mm hole was drilled from the marked point, parallel to the plumb line, until it exited the contralateral ilial wing. Distance of drill hole position from the geometric center (GC) of S1 was located on median and paramedian plane images derived from plane, computed tomographic (CT) scans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The entire drill hole was located within S1 in 18 specimens. Mean deviation of the hole from GC (ratio of the distance of GC from the closest S1 body border) in median section was 0.40 +/- 0.29 (craniocaudal direction) and 0.29 +/- 0.23 (dorsoventral).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of ilial wing landmarks and drilling perpendicular to the median plane will improve accuracy for insertion of implants into S1 when the sacroiliac joint is intact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ilial wing landmarks should be used to improve accuracy of implant insertion into S1.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomechanics and Applied Anatomy, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
authors.forename: Rotem
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milgram
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shahar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012446:Sacroiliac Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D012447:Sacrum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed