title: Midazolam does not inhibit association formation, just its storage and strengthening.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there have been many studies examining the effects of benzodiazepines on memory performance, their effects on working memory are equivocal and little is known about whether they affect the efficacy of practice of already learned material.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives in two experiments were to examine (a) whether midazolam impairs performance on a working memory task designed to minimize mnemonic strategies such as rehearsal or chunking of information to be recalled and (b) the effect of midazolam on repeated practice of paired associates that were learned before drug administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both experiments involved subcutaneous administration of 0.03 mg of saline or midazolam per kilogram of bodyweight in within-subject, placebo-controlled designs, involving 23 subjects in (a) and 31 in (b).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drug had no effect on the ability to recall the digits in serial order even though the encoding task prevented the digits from being rehearsed or maintained in an articulatory buffer. Paired associates that were learned before the injection showed a benefit of subsequent practice under saline but not under midazolam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that (a) midazolam does not affect the formation of new associations in short-term memory provided that the presentation rate is not too fast to form these associations when sedated, despite the evidence that the drug blocks long-term memory (LTM) retention of associations; and (b) the potential for over-learning with practice of learned associations in LTM is adversely affected by midazolam such that repeated exposures do not strengthen new learning.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. reder@cmu.edu
authors.forename: Lynne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Reder
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gyulai
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Quinlan
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oates
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D018757:GABA Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018757:GABA Modulators; D008874:Midazolam