title: [Relationship between the polymorphism of start codon and CDX2 site in vitamin D receptor gene and the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density of postmenopausal women].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association of polymorphisms of start codon (Fok I site) and CDX2 binding site in vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) concerned with the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers of postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundreds unrelated postmenopausal women of Han ethnicity in Shanghai were randomly divided into 2 groups of 100 women: high calcium group (1000 mg element calcium and 400 units of vitamin D were given daily for 12 months) and low calcium group (300 mg element calcium and 300 units of vitamin D were given daily for 12 months). BMD and bone turnover markers were measured at baseline and 12 months after calcium supplementation. VDR gene Fok I and CDX2 polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele-specific multiplex PCR, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and seventy-one women completed 12-month study period. The frequency of VDR Fok I genotypes was 48.0 % for Ff, 31.0 % for FF, and 21.0 % for ff, and the frequency of CDX2 genotypes was 56.7 % for AG, 25.7% for GG, and 17.6% for AA. The frequencies distribution of Fok I and CDX2 alleles in the entire population or in two subgroups all followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No significant difference of baseline BMD and bone turnover markers in Fok I genotypes or CDX2 genotypes was observed in the entire population or in two subgroups. Moreover, regardless of calcium supplementation given for 12 months, no significant association was found between Fok I or CDX2 polymorphisms and the endpoint values or percentage changes of any BMD and bone turnover markers in either high calcium group or low calcium group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no significant relationship between VDR gene Fok I or CDX2 polymorphisms and the effect of high or low doses calcium supplementation on BMD and bone turnover markers in Shanghai postmenopausal women of Han ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Preventing and Treating Osteoporosis, Osteoporosis Research Unit, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P. R. China. ZZL2002@medmail.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhen-lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jin-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qi-ren
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yue-juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Yun-qiu
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018387:Codon, Initiator / Q000235:genetics*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D018387:Codon, Initiator; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D