title: Synthesis and characterization of glucosamine-bound near-infrared probes for optical imaging.
abstract: [structure: see text] Two novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have been synthesized by linking a carbocyanine fluorophore and glucosamine through different linkers. These probes demonstrated a high quantum yield, low cytotoxicity, reversible pH-dependent fluorescence in the physiological pH range, and a decreased aggregation tendency in aqueous solutions. In vitro NIR optical imaging studies revealed cellular uptake and strong intracellular NIR fluorescence of these two probes in four breast epithelial cell lines.
authors.affiliation: JHU ICMIC Program, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tiffany R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: Zaver M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Bhujwalla
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glunde
mesh_terms: D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005944:Glucosamine