title: Evaluation of medical waste incinerators in Alexandria.
abstract: Medical establishments play important roles in different activities by using of modern technology to serve the humans and the environment through different departments in the establishment and its firms. Medical wastes are considered as a hazardous waste because they contain toxic materials, infectious, or non-infectious wastes and they are considered as a hazard to millions of patients, health care workers, and visitors. Treatment processes for medical wastes comprise autoclaving, microwaving, chemical disinfection, irradiation, plasma system, and incineration. Incineration is a thermal process, which destroys most of the waste including microorganisms. Combustion process must be under controlled conditions to convert wastes containing hazardous materials into mineral residues and gases. Hospital waste incinerators may emit a number of pollutants depending on the waste being incinerated. These pollutants include particulate matter, acid gases, toxic metals, and toxic organic compounds products of incomplete combustion, e.g., dioxins, furans, and carbon monoxide, as well as sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. So, there should be a reduction of emissions of most of these pollutants by air pollution control devices. This study was conducted in 51 medical establishments (ME) in Alexandria. To evaluate its incinerators. It was found that only 31.4% of total ME have their own incinerators to treat their medical waste. Also, the incinerators conditions were poor with incomplete combustion. So, the study recommend handling of all medical wastes of ME in Alexandria by the company which is responsible now for management of domestic solid wastes of the city.
authors.affiliation: Petrojet Co., Alexandria.
authors.forename: Ossama A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Labib
authors.forename: Ahmed H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Waffaa I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: El-Shall
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: Mona G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004534:Egypt; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D014186:Transportation; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D019216:Metals, Heavy