title: Functions of vitamin D, retinoic acid, and dexamethasone in mouse adipose-derived mesenchymal cells.
abstract: Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (AMCs) offer great promise for tissue engineering of bone. Previously, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, retinoic acid (RA), and dexamethasone had been shown to promote osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BMSCs). To study the osteogenic characteristics of mouse AMCs, we applied these 3 hormones alone and in combination to the AMCs and examined markers of osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, vitamin D and RA demonstrated a consistent, dose-dependent enhancement of osteogenesis and upregulated osteoblast specific markers including osteopontin and osteocalcin. However, in AMCs, dexamethasone clearly inhibited osteogenic differentiation in a dose dependent fashion and greatly increased the adipogenic marker peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAgamma). In summary, we show in vitro that vitamin D and RA are potential candidates to serve as enhancers of osteogenesis of AMCs and may be incorporated into future cell-based strategies for bone tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Children's Surgical Research Program, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malladi
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Longaker
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D014212:Tretinoin; D003907:Dexamethasone; D002117:Calcitriol