title: Refractometry for quality control of anesthetic drug mixtures.
abstract: Injectable anesthetic drugs used in rodents are often mixed and further diluted to increase the convenience and accuracy of dosing. We evaluated clinical refractometry as a simple and rapid method of quality control and mixing error detection of rodent anesthetic or analgesic mixtures. Dilutions of ketamine, xylazine, acepromazine, and buprenorphine were prepared with reagent-grade water to produce at least 4 concentration levels. The refraction of each concentration then was measured with a clinical refractometer and plotted against the percentage of stock concentration. The resulting graphs were linear and could be used to determine the concentration of single-drug dilutions or to predict the refraction of drug mixtures. We conclude that refractometry can be used to assess the concentration of dilutions of single drugs and can verify the mixing accuracy of drug combinations when the components of the mixture are known and fall within the detection range of the instrument.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA. stabenow@slu.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stabenow
authors.forename: Mindy L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Maske
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Vogler
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000592:standards; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D007649:Ketamine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D011786:Quality Control; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000777:Anesthetics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D014991:Xylazine; D002047:Buprenorphine; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine