title: Peginterferon and ribavirin treatment in African American and Caucasian American patients with hepatitis C genotype 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compared with Caucasian Americans (CA), African Americans (AA) with chronic hepatitis C are less likely to respond to interferon-based antiviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter treatment trial, 196 AA and 205 CA treatment-naive patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection were treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (180 microg/wk) and ribavirin (1000-1200 mg/day) for up to 48 weeks. The primary end point was sustained virologic response (SVR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline features were similar among AA and CA, including HCV-RNA levels and histologic severity, but AA had higher body weights, a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, and lower alanine transaminase levels (P < .001 for all). The SVR rate was 28% in AA and 52% in CA (P < .0001). Racial differences in viral responses were evident as early as treatment week 4. Breakthrough viremia was more frequent among AA than CA (13% vs 6%, P = .05); relapse rates were comparable (32% vs 25%, P = .30). Proportions of patients with serious adverse events and dose modifications and discontinuations were similar among AA and CA. In multiple regression analyses, CA had a higher SVR rate than AA (relative risk, 1.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.60; P < .0001). Other factors independently associated with higher SVR included female sex, lower baseline HCV-RNA level, less hepatic fibrosis, and more peginterferon taken.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AA with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 have lower rates of virologic response to peginterferon and ribavirin than CA. These differences are not explained by disease characteristics, baseline viral levels, or amount of medication taken.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0362, USA. omsairam@umich.edu
authors.forename: Hari S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Conjeevaram
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Lennox J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jeffers
authors.forename: Norah A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Terrault
authors.forename: Thelma E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wiley-Lucas
authors.forename: Nezam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Afdhal
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Belle
authors.forename: Jay H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hoofnagle
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a