title: Effect of tributyltin on veliger larvae of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum.
abstract: We investigated the effects of waterborne and maternal exposure to tributyltin (TBT) on veliger larvae of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. In a waterborne exposure test, veliger larvae (D-larvae stage: 24h after fertilization) were exposed to TBT at measured concentrations of <0.01 (control), 0.055, 0.130, 0.340, and 0.600microg/l for 13d. The percentage of normal veliger larvae (the ratio of normal veliger larvae to all larvae) decreased significantly in all TBT treatment groups compared with that in the control group. In a maternal exposure test, 100 clams were exposed to TBT at measured concentrations of <0.01 (control), 0.061, and 0.310microg/l at 20-22 degrees C for 3 weeks, and the percentage of normal veliger larvae assessed for 13d. No maternal effects on veliger larvae from TBT were observed in TBT treatment groups as compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that waterborne TBT affects Manila clam veliger larvae, and indicates that TBT may have reduced Manila clam populations by preventing the development and survival of veliger larvae.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fisheries Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Usuki
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hanamura
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimasaki
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011559:tributyltin