title: Morphologic, molecular and hemodynamic cardiac alterations in a model of nephropathy induced by puromycin aminonucleoside.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proteinuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate are assuming increased importance in defining cardiovascular risk in chronic renal insufficiency. The aim of this work was to study morphologic, molecular and hemodynamic cardiac alterations in an animal model of proteinuria and renal insufficiency induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Normotensive rats (n = 14) were injected with PAN (150 mg/kg, i.p.) or with vehicle. Blood pressure was measured daily and the animals were placed in metabolic cages for evaluation of urinary excretion of sodium, protein and creatinine. Fourteen days after PAN administration left ventricular hemodynamics were evaluated through a pressure tip micromanometer and heart morphology was examined. Transmural samples of left ventricle were then taken for mRNA quantification of SERCA2a, phospholamban (PLB), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals treated with PAN presented a decrease in creatinine clearance (14th day: 2.24 +/- 0.32 vs. 4.51 +/- 1.08 ml/min) and an increase in proteinuria (14th day: 51.0 +/- 9.0 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.7 mg/mg creatinine), without changes in systolic (14th day: 151 +/- 7 vs. 141 +/- 6 mmHg) or diastolic blood pressure (14th day: 85 +/- 7 vs. 86 +/- 3 mmHg), These alterations were accompanied by cardiac atrophy with decreased left ventricular contractility. A reduction in the SERCA2a/PLB mRNA ratio was observed without significant alteration in the expression of IGF-1 in the left ventricle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAN-induced nephropathy is accompanied by cardiac atrophy, left ventricular dysfunction and alterations in the expression of genes involved in myocardial calcium kinetics. These findings were not accompanied by increases in blood pressure and may contribute to our understanding of the increased cardiovascular risk in chronic renal insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Nefrologia, Serviço de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreira-Rodrigues
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roncon-Albuquerque
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henriques-Coelho
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sampaio-Maia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leite-Moreira
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pestana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D011692:Puromycin Aminonucleoside