title: The limited significance of a longer duration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy prior to radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer in Japanese men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic significance of a longer duration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) in Japanese men with high-risk prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included a total of 42 patients with high-risk prostate cancer who were treated with NHT for >or=8 months prior to RP. In this series high-risk prostate cancer was defined as clinical stage T2c or T3, pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/ml and/or a biopsy Gleason score of 8-10. Biochemical recurrence was defined as a serum PSA level of >or=0.2 ng/ml. The data of these patients were retrospectively reviewed to clarify the relationships between treatment outcomes and various clinicopathological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical stage was T2c in 13 patients and T3 in 29, the median value of pretreatment serum PSA was 43.3 ng/ml (range 9.7-322.2), and the biopsy Gleason score was 6 in 3 patients, 7 in 16 and >or=8 in 23. Following NHT (median 12 months, range 8-27), the median value of serum PSA decreased to 0.05 ng/ml (<0.01-18.3 ng/ml), and 15 patients (35.7%) were pathologically downstaged. During the median follow-up of 38 months (range 8-58), 11 patients (26.2%) developed biochemical recurrence, and the multivariate analysis identified pretreatment serum PSA, biopsy Gleason score and percentage of positive biopsy core as independent predictors of biochemical recurrence. The 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rate of the 42 patients was 68.3%, which was not significantly different from that of 34 patients who underwent RP for high-risk prostate cancer without NHT during the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A longer duration of NHT followed by RP for patients with high-risk prostate cancer resulted in a comparatively favorable outcome. However, despite the nonrandomized retrospective analysis, the present findings suggest no significant impact of long-term NHT on biochemical recurrence. Longer follow-up is needed to determine whether this therapeutic strategy is beneficial for high-risk prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, Akashi, Japan. hideakimiyake@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Iori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Taka-Aki
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000813:Anilides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009570:Nitriles; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014105:Tosyl Compounds
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D017273:Goserelin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D005485:Flutamide; C053541:bicalutamide; D016729:Leuprolide