title: Cerebrospinal fluid insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 in infantile autism.
abstract: There has been little exploration of major biologic regulators of cerebral development in autism. We measured insulin-like growth factors (IGF) -1 and -2 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by radio immunoassay in 25 children with autism (median age 5y 5mo; range 1y 11mo-15y 10mo; 20 males, 5 females), and in 16 age-matched comparison children without disability (median age 7y 4mo; range 1y 1mo-15y 2mo; eight males, eight females). IGF-1 and -2 concentrations were further correlated with age of patients and head size. CSF IGF-1 concentration was significantly lower in patients with autism than in the comparison group. The CSF concentrations of children with autism under 5 years of age were significantly lower than their age-matched comparisons. The head circumferences correlated with CSF IGF-1 in children with autism but no such correlation was found in the comparison group. There was no difference between the two groups in CSF IGF-2 concentrations. No patients with autism had macrocephaly. We conclude that low concentrations of CSF IGF-1 at an early age might be linked with the pathogenesis in autism because IGF-1 is important for the survival of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The head growth might be explained by the actions of IGF-1 and -2 reflected in CSF concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Neurology, Kuopio University Central Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. raili.riikonen@kolumbus.fi
authors.forename: Raili
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riikonen
authors.forename: Ismo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Makkonen
authors.forename: Raija
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vanhala
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Turpeinen
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuikka
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kokki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II