title: Study of the effectiveness of musical stimulation during intracardiac catheterization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracardiac catheterization is a routine physical examination. Due to psychological strains, several psychosocial interventions, including music therapy, have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the preventive or adjuvant use of music therapy results in a reduction in both subjective and objective anxiety and thus leads to a reduction in sedative medication. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT: N=83 patients (48 male, 35 female, 66+/-11 yrs) waiting for scheduled cardiac catheterization were randomly allocated to one of three groups: control group (standard care), exposure group (music stimulation during the procedure), or coaching group (additional music therapeutic coaching). Target variables were subjective anxiety and physiological parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Music intervention did effectively reduce subjective anxiety (STAI-S reduction pre-post: exposure 11 pt, coaching: 4 pt, control: 6 pt; p=0.033). Physiological values and medication did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of music stimulation during the catheterization has a relaxing and calming effect on patients. It seems to be especially beneficial in a subgroup of patients with higher-than-average psychological strains.
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Zentrum für Musiktherapieforschung, (Viktor Dulger Institut) DZM e.V., Maassstr. 26, 69123, Heidelberg, Germany. heike.argstatter@fh-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Argstatter
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haberbosch
authors.forename: Hans Volker
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Bolay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives