title: Protective effects of ethanolic extract of Delphinium denudatum in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the major neurodegenerative disorders, and oxidative stress has been implicated in playing an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the present study, we investigated if Delphinium denudatum extract can slow down the neuronal injury in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of Parkinsonism. Rats were treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of D. denudatum extract for 3 weeks. On day 22, 2 microL of 6-OHDA (10 microg in 0.1% ascorbic acid-saline) or vehicle was infused into the right striatum of the animals. Three weeks after the 6-OHDA injections, the rats were killed for estimation of lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, catecholamines, dopaminergic D2 receptor binding and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. Increased LPO and significant depletion of reduced GSH content in the substantia nigra resulting from the lesion were appreciably prevented with Delphinium treatment. Delphinium extract also dose-dependently attenuated the activities of SOD and CAT in striatum, which had been reduced significantly by lesioning. A significant decrease in the level of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites and an increase in the number of dopaminergic D2 receptors in striatum were observed after 6-OHDA injection, both parameters were significantly recovered with treatment of the extract. Finally, all these results were confirmed by an increase in expression of TH in the ipsilateral striatum of the lesioned groups following treatment with Delphinium extract. Thus, the study indicates that D. denudatum extract may be helpful in checking neuronal injury in Parkinsonism.
authors.affiliation: Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India. mahmad7@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Muzamil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yousuf
authors.forename: M Badruzzaman
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Abdullah Shafique
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Sofiyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.forename: Md Nasrul
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hoda
authors.forename: Fakhrul
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D031882:Delphinium; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D016627:Oxidopamine; D002374:Catalase; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D004298:Dopamine