title: High uptake of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by vetiver grass--potential for phytoremediation?
abstract: 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a potent mutagen, and a Group C human carcinogen that has been widely used to produce munitions and explosives. Vast areas that have been previously used as ranges, munition burning, and open detonation sites are heavily contaminated with TNT. Conventional remediation activities in such sites are expensive and damaging to the ecosystem. Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective, environment-friendly solution, utilizing plants to extract TNT from contaminated soil. We investigated the potential use of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) to effectively remove TNT from contaminated solutions. Vetiver grass plants were grown in hydroponic systems containing 40 mg TNTL(-1) for 8d. Aqueous concentrations of TNT reached the method detection limit ( approximately 1 microg L(-1)) within the 8-d period, demonstrating high affinity of vetiver for TNT, without any visible toxic effects. Results from this preliminary hydroponic study are encouraging, but in need of verification using TNT-contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Science, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-0663, USA.
authors.forename: Konstantinos C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: Kabindra M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shakya
authors.forename: Rupali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Dibyendu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Devanand
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pachanoor
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D049930:Chrysopogon / Q000378:metabolism*; D053834:Explosive Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D018527:Hydroponics; D012107:Research Design; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D053834:Explosive Agents; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014303:Trinitrotoluene