title: Optimal parameters for the treatment of leg veins using Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of large vessels such as leg veins is successfully performed in clinical practice using pulsed Nd:YAG lasers. However, it is still unclear how laser parameters such as wavelength, fluence and pulse duration influence vessel destruction in leg veins.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the governing parameters in selective photothermolysis of large vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A recently developed mathematical model for photothermolysis has been adapted for the treatment of leg veins. The model was used to analyse the effectiveness of the selective photothermolysis process in laser treatment of leg veins by Nd:YAG at 1064 nm. The efficiency of laser-induced vessel heating was defined as a ratio between the absorbed and delivered energy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficiency improved with increasing vessel diameter, in agreement with clinical findings in various studies. The pulse duration made a minor contribution for laser fluences of 100-400 J cm(-2), whereas the efficiency was better for a small spot. The use of moderate fluences of 100-200 J cm(-2) reduced excess dermis heating and pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We provide reference parameters for optimal treatment of leg veins using Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm. Our model predicts a maximal efficiency of a range of fluences (100-200 J cm(-2)) and pulse durations (10-100 ms).
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany Vascular Anomalies Centre, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. baeumler.wolfgang@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bäumler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Landthaler
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shafirstein
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008954:Models, Biological; D017445:Skin Diseases, Vascular / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013696:Temperature; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery