Exercise and dexamethasone oppositely modulate beta-cell function and survival via independent pathways in 90% pancreatectomized rats.
Long-term dexamethasone (DEX) treatment is well known for its ability to increase insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissues leading to hyperinsulinemia. On the other hand, exercise enhances peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, it is not clear whether DEX and/or exercise affect beta-cell mass and function in diabetic rats, and whether their effects can be associated with the modulation of the insulin/IGF-I signaling cascade in pancreatic beta-cells. After an 8-week study, whole body glucose disposal rates in 90% pancreatectomized (Px) and sham-operated male rats decreased with a high dose treatment of DEX (0.1mg DEX/kg body weight/day)(HDEX) treatment, while disposal rates increased with exercise. First-phase insulin secretion was decreased and delayed by DEX via the impairment of the glucose-sensing mechanism in beta-cells, while exercise reversed the impairment of first-phase insulin secretion caused by DEX, suggesting ameliorated beta-cell functions. However, exercise and DEX did not alter second-phase insulin secretion except for the fact that HDEX decreased insulin secretion at 120 min during hyperglycemic clamp in Px rats. Unlike beta-cell functions, DEX and exercise exhibited increased pancreatic beta-cell mass in two different pathways. Only exercise, through increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, increased beta-cell mass via hyperplasia, which resulted from an enhanced insulin/IGF-I signaling cascade by insulin receptor substrate 2 induction. By contrast, DEX expanded beta-cell mass via hypertrophy and neogenesis from precursor cells, rather than increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis. In conclusion, the improvement of beta-cell function and survival via the activation of an insulin/IGF-I signaling cascade due to exercise has a crucial role in preventing the development and progression of type 2 diabetes.
Choi
Soo Bong
SB
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, KonKuk University, Chung Ju 380-704, South Korea.
Jang
Jin Sun
JS
Hong
Sang Mee
SM
Jun
Dong Wha
DW
Park
Sunmin
S
D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526299:Irs2 protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005947:Glucose