title: Low blood lead levels do not appear to be further reduced by dietary supplements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to evaluate the association of dietary intakes of selected micronutrients and blood lead (PbB) concentrations in female adults and in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  With longitudinal monitoring, we measured daily intakes of the micronutrients calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, barium, strontium, phosphorus, zinc, iron (limited data), and copper from 6-day duplicate diets (2-13 collections per individual) and PbB concentrations. Participants were three groups of females of child-bearing age (one cohort consisting of 21 pregnant subjects and 15 nonpregnant controls, a second cohort of nine pregnant migrants), and one group of 10 children 6-11 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean PbB concentrations were <5 microg/dL. A mixed linear model that included only group and time accounted for 5.9% of the variance of the PbB measurements; neither the effect of time nor the effect of group was significant. The model containing all of the micronutrients (except iron, for which there was a great deal of missing data), along with time and group, accounted for approximately 9.2% of the variance of PbB; this increase was not statistically significant. There was, however, a significant association of PbB with phosphorus, magnesium, and copper when all micronutrients were included in the statistical analysis, perhaps reflecting a synergistic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to most previous studies, we found no statistically significant relationships between the PbB concentrations and micronutrient intake. In adults and older children with low PbB concentrations and minimal exposure to Pb, micronutrient supplementation is probably unnecessary.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. bgulson@gse.mq.edu.au
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Gulson
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mizon
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Korsch
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000494:pharmacology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D007854:Lead