title: The occurrence of genital types of human papillomavirus in normal pregnancy and in pregnant renal transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate: 1) The prevalence of human papillomavirus (types 6 and 11 carrying a low risk of neoplasia, and type 16 implicated as cause of cervical neoplasia and cancer) in normal pregnant women and pregnant renal transplant recipients. 2) The correlation between maternal HPV infection and HPV presence in the cord blood and the oral cavity of the neonate. Evaluation of a likely, additional route of HPV transmission to the fetus, apart from the infected birth canal during vaginal delivery. The correlation between the mode of delivery in HPV-infected patients and the presence of HPV in their offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine pregnant patients were included in the study. The study group consisted of nine pregnant renal transplant recipients. The control group consisted of 30 patients with normal pregnancy. The DNA of HPV types 6, 11 and 16 was studied in the discharge from the cervical canal, the maternal venous blood, the cord blood and the buccal smear obtained from the neonates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university teaching hospital delivering approximately 2000 women annually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) was found in 10 (26%) of 39 subjects. HPV types 6 and 11 was found in 7 (18%) of 39 subjects while HPV type 16 was present in 5 (13%) of the subjects. The co-occurrence of HPV types 6, 11 and 16 was detected in 2 patients from the control group. Transmission of HPV was established in 70% of study patients and their offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1) The HPV was found with 26% pregnant women. 2) The occurrence of HPV infections with pregnant renal transplant recipients in comparison with normal pregnancy was on similar level. High percentage of HPV transmission from mother to neonate was obtained. 3) The cesarean section probably doesn't protect from HPV infection. 4) There's a suggestion, the HPV infection of fetus may occur in utero.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. bernard.gajewski@xl.wp.pl
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajewska
authors.forename: Miroslaw
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wielgos
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kamiński
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marianowski
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malejczyk
authors.forename: Slawomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majewski
authors.forename: Longin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marianowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D052140:Human papillomavirus 11; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D052163:Human papillomavirus 6; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology