title: Physical controls on directed virus assembly at nanoscale chemical templates.
abstract: Viruses are attractive building blocks for nanoscale heterostructures, but little is understood about the physical principles governing their directed assembly. In situ force microscopy was used to investigate organization of Cowpea Mosaic Virus engineered to bind specifically and reversibly at nanoscale chemical templates with sub-30 nm features. Morphological evolution and assembly kinetics were measured as virus flux and inter-viral potential were varied. The resulting morphologies were similar to those of atomic-scale epitaxial systems, but the underlying thermodynamics was analogous to that of colloidal systems in confined geometries. The 1D templates biased the location of initial cluster formation, introduced asymmetric sticking probabilities, and drove 1D and 2D condensation at sub-critical volume fractions. The growth kinetics followed a t(1/2) law controlled by the slow diffusion of viruses. The ability of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to induce the lateral expansion of virus clusters away from the 1D templates suggests a significant role for weak interactions.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry and Materials Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
authors.forename: Chin Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Sung-Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatterji
authors.forename: Tianwei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Saphon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hok
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: De Yoreo
mesh_terms: D017798:Comovirus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D019065:Virus Assembly / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; D006639:Histidine