title: Targeted chromosomal gene modification in human cells by single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides in the presence of a DNA double-strand break.
abstract: A DNA double-strand break (DSB) cannot be tolerated by a cell and is dealt with by several pathways. Here, it was hypothesized that DSB induction close to a targeted mutation in the genome of a mammalian cell might attract oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)-directed gene repair. A HEK-293-derived cell line had been engineered harboring a single target locus with open reading frames encoding the living-cell reporter proteins LacZ and EGFP, the latter translationally decoupled by a DNA spacer with a unique I-SceI recognition site for defined DSB induction. To enable expression of a fluorescent LacZ-EGFP fusion protein, single-stranded (ss) ODNs (80 or 96 nucleotides long) spanning the DSB were designed to fuse both reading frames by altering a few base-pair positions, deleting 59 bp or introducing a 10-bp fragment. The ssODNs alone generated few EGFP-positive cells. With I-SceI transiently expressed, more than 0.3% of cells revealed EGFP expression 7 days after transfection, with up to 96% of the loci faithfully corrected, depending on the ssODN used. During these correction events, the ssODN did not become physically incorporated into the chromosome, but served only as information template. Unwanted insertional mutagenesis also occurred. Both observations have important implications for gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Radecke
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radecke
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gellhaus
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cathomen
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins