title: Blunt and penetrating traumatic ruptures of the diaphragm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The difficulties in diagnosing traumatic diaphragmatic rupture (TDR) at the first admission are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with the management of TDR in order to identify the factors contributing to diagnostic delay and associated morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with TDR were treated in our hospital between January 2000 and June 2005. They have been investigated retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study identified 9 men (64 %) and 5 women (36 %), with ages ranging from 19 to 65 years (mean 35.3 years). Rupture of the diaphragm was left-sided in 10 (71 %) and right-sided in 4 (29 %) of the patients. Blunt trauma accounted for the injuries of 11 patients (79 %). Early diagnosis was obtained in 9 patients (64 %). The diagnosis was established preoperatively in 8 patients (57 %), and intraoperatively in 4 (29 %). The diagnosis was missed in 2 (14 %) patients in the first operation. Multiple associated injuries were observed in 12 patients (85 %). Postoperative complications were encountered in five patients (35 %), and the overall mortality was 7 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diaphragmatic rupture should be suspected in all blunt or penetrating traumas of the thorax and abdomen, and the presence of such an injury should be excluded before terminating the exploratory procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Pembe Hastane, 03200 Afyon, Turkey. hesme@aku.edu.tr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esme
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Solak
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sezer
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D000058:Accidental Falls; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006491:Hemothorax / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D046449:Hernia, Abdominal / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012253:Rib Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D012421:Rupture / Q000175:diagnosis; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications*; D014951:Wounds, Stab / Q000150:complications