title: Morphologic analyses of mandible and upper airway soft tissue by MRI of patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the morphological features of the mandible and the volume of the upper airway soft tissues in determining the anatomical risk factors for the upper airway in Japanese male patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five morphological parameters of the mandible at the mandibular base plane and three volumetric parameters of the upper airway soft tissue were analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging software in 31 OSAHS and 20 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the two groups in mandibular internal width (the distance between the internal right and left gonia [IRG and ILG]) and mandibular bony thickness. However, the patients with OSAHS had a significantly wider mandibular divergence (the angle between the spina mentalis (SM)- IRG line and SM- ILG line), a smaller mandibular internal length (the perpendicular distance from SM to the RG- LG line), and a smaller area than the normal subjects at the mandibular base plane. There were no significant differences in these morphological parameters for the mandible between obese and nonobese OSAHS patients. The volumes of the tongue, soft palate, and lateral pharyngeal walls were not significantly different between the OSAHS and the control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Japanese male OSAHS patients had specific anatomical features in the bottom part of the mandible; however, obesity seemed to be a less significant risk factor. Investigators and clinicians must realize that ethnicity may modify the effects of obesity and abnormal craniofacial anatomy as risk factors for the pathogenesis of OSAHS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Mau
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higano
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugawara
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*