title: Macrophages inhibit neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 50 y of age in at least three continents. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the process by which abnormal blood vessels develop underneath the retina. CNV develops in 10% of patients with AMD but accounts for up to 90% of the blindness from AMD. Although the precise etiology of CNV in AMD remains unknown, the macrophage component of the inflammatory response, which has been shown to promote tumor growth and support atherosclerotic plaque formation, is thought to stimulate aberrant angiogenesis in blinding eye diseases. The current theory is that macrophage infiltration promotes the development of neovascularization in CNV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the role of macrophages in a mouse model of CNV. IL-10(-/-) mice, which have increased inflammation in response to diverse stimuli, have significantly reduced CNV with increased macrophage infiltrates compared to wild type. Prevention of macrophage entry into the eye promoted neovascularization while direct injection of macrophages significantly inhibited CNV. Inhibition by macrophages was mediated by the TNF family death molecule Fas ligand (CD95-ligand).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immune vascular interactions can be highly complex. Normal macrophage function is critical in controlling pathologic neovascularization in the eye. IL-10 regulates macrophage activity in the eye and is an attractive therapeutic target in order to suppress or inhibit CNV in AMD that can otherwise lead to blindness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. apte@vision.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Rajendra S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Apte
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007267:Injections; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D016753:Interleukin-10