title: High efficiency gene delivery into laryngeal muscle with bidirectional electroporation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of polarity change on the efficiency of in vivo electroporative (EP) gene transfection was assessed in rat laryngeal muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  High (HV) and low field voltage (LV) were combined with polarity changes to determine transfection in 5 different conditions: 1) without EP (EP[-]), 2) HV+LV (HL), 3) HV+LV followed by HV+LV with no change in polarity (HLHL unidirectional), 4) HV+LV followed by HV+LV with opposite polarity (HLHL bidirectional), 5) HV+LV followed by LV with opposite polarity (HLL bidirectional).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HLL bidirectional sequence showed the best result with less interindividual variability and extended expression period. With the exception of repeated high voltage sequences, EP parameters were not likely to induce cell injury or inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HLL bidirectional electroporative gene delivery produces high transfection rates with limited tissue trauma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bidirectional EP provides a safe and highly efficient method for therapeutic gene delivery into skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehar
authors.forename: Zhao Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samlan
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Flint
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*