title: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders three years after the 1999 earthquake in Turkey: Marmara Earthquake Survey (MES).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study is to describe the community prevalence of psychiatric disorder, mainly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 3 years after a devastating earthquake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three years after the Marmara Earthquake, 683 individuals from the epicentre were randomly selected to form a representative sample and were assessed with Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 36 months prevalence of PTSD and MDD after the Marmara Earthquake were 19.2% and 18.7% respectively. The current prevalence of PTSD and MDD in the affected community was found to be 11.7% and 10.5%, respectively. PTSD and MDD were the most prevalent disorders after the disaster and showed a decrease over time. However, only 38.9% of the PTSD cases identified at any time over the 3 years were in remission at the 3rd-year. The co-occurrence of MDD with PTSD resulted in a decrease in the rate of recovery from PTSD. MDD was also the most prevalent disorder accompanying PTSD. Of all the subjects 37.5% with PTSD still met the MDD criteria at the 3rd year postearthquake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison with the data from pre-earthquake national mental health profile, the present study showed that the prevalence of MDD, panic disorder, OCD, GAD, social phobia and special phobias were still higher in the affected region 3 years after the earthquake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty of Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tural
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aker
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiliç
authors.forename: Sarper
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
mesh_terms: D004190:Disasters; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey