title: Monitoring primary breast cancer throughout chemotherapy using FDG-PET.
abstract: We have compared 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) images of large or locally advanced breast cancers (LABC) acquired during Anthracycline-based chemotherapy. The purpose was to determine whether there is an optimal method for defining tumour volume and an optimal imaging time for predicting pathologic chemotherapy response.
  
  
  METHODS
  PET data were acquired before the first and second cycles, at the midpoint and at the endpoint of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. FDG uptake was quantified using the mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV) and the coefficient of variation within a region of interest. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the discrimination between tumours demonstrating a high pathological response (i.e. those with greater than 90% reduction in viable tumour cells) and low pathological response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only tumours with an initial tumour to background ratio (TBR) of greater than five showed a difference between response categories. In terms of response discrimination, there was no statistically significant advantage of any of the methods used for image quantification or any of the time points. The best discrimination was measured for mean SUV at the midpoint of therapy, which identified 77% of low responding tumours whilst correctly identifying 100% of high responding tumours and had an ROC area of 0.93.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG-PET is efficacious for predicting the pathologic response of most primary breast tumours throughout the duration of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. However, this technique is ineffective for tumours with low image contrast on pre-therapy PET scans.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
authors.forename: Garry M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Roger T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Staff
authors.forename: Fiona J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schweiger
authors.forename: Scott I K
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.forename: Tim A D
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hutcheon
authors.forename: Iain D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Heys
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18