title: Differential induction of electrophile-responsive element-regulated genes by n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
abstract: In this study the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid appear to be effective inducers of electrophile-responsive element (EpRE) regulated genes, whereas the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid is not. These n-3 PUFAs need to be oxidized to induce EpRE-regulated gene expression, as the antioxidant vitamin E can partially inhibit the PUFA induced dose-dependent effect. Results were obtained using a reporter gene assay, real-time RT-PCR and enzyme activity assays. The induction of EpRE-regulated phase II genes by n-3 PUFAs may be a major pathway by which n-3 PUFAs, in contrast to n-6 PUFAs, are chemopreventive and anticarcinogenic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research Center, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands. Vincent.vanBeelen@wur.nl
authors.forename: Vincent A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: van Beelen
authors.forename: Jac M M J G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aarts
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mooibroek
authors.forename: Lolke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sijtsma
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Ivonne M C M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Rietjens
authors.forename: Gerrit M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Alink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C491732:Nqo1 protein, mouse; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase