title: Transfusion-related risks of intradermal allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy: single cases in a large cohort and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) is applied in infertility treatment. Moreover, it has been suggested for prevention of rhesus D-hemolytic disease and as a vaccine for reduction of human immunodeficiency virus-1 susceptibility. Although transfusion-related problems have been rarely reported they were a matter of debate. Here we discuss extensive single-center experience with intradermal LIT for implantation failure and recurrent miscarriages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective 2- to 3-year follow-up of in vitro fertilization couples treated during 1996-2002 (feedback 2,848/3,041 = 93%), registering 930 deliveries. Prospective survey for acute reactions for 2000-2003 (feedback 2,687/3,246 = 83%). Review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infections of the patient and transplant rejection later in life are minor residual risks. Post-transfusion purpura was suspected once but not verified. Anaphylaxis or malignancy were not promoted. Fetal/newborn alloimmune disease (severe hemolytic disease, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia) were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on microbiological, immunological, and hematological testing the risks of intradermal LIT are low.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany. kling@immunologie.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kling
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Flesch
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kabelitz
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy*; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy