title: Assessment of the effects of 2 sedation regimens on cardiopulmonary parameters in pediatric dental patients: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of 2 sedation regimens during treatment: (1) oral meperidine and hydroxyzine with nitrous oxide (N2O); and (2) oral diazepam and hydroxyzine, submucosal meperidine, and N2O. Nitrous oxide was tapered to oxygen (O2) only 10 minutes following submucosal meperidine administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two children were evaluated who met the following criteria: (1) history of uncooperative behavior; (2) ASA I or II; (3) nothing to eat or drink after midnight the night before the appointment; (4) an initial/recall exam prior to the sedation appointment; and (4) patients who met the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry guidelines for sedation. Regimens I and II included 32 and 30 patients, respectively. A single clinician treated all patients. A Criticare monitor recorded the following at 5-minute intervals: (1) O2 saturation; (2) respiratory rate; (3) heart rate; (4) systolic and diastolic blood pressures; (5) end tidal carbon dioxide concentration; and (6) mean arterial blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The t test indicated significant differences between the 2 regimens for: (1) heart rate; (2) systolic blood pressure; and (3) diastolic blood pressure (regimen II had higher values). Using the general linear model, no significant differences were found. All cardiopulmonary parameters were within normal limits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regimens I and II had similar cardiopulmonary effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, USA. jung-wei.chen@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Jung-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Susan V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Seybold
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yazdi
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006919:Hydroxyzine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D006919:Hydroxyzine; D008614:Meperidine; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D003975:Diazepam