title: Cellular immune activation in children with acute dengue virus infections is modulated by apoptosis.
abstract: Apoptosis is an important modulator of cellular immune responses during systemic viral infections. Peripheral-blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apoptosis and plasma soluble levels of CD95, a mediator of apoptosis, were determined in sequential samples from children participating in a prospective study of dengue virus (DV) infections. During the period of defervescence, levels of PBMC apoptosis were higher in children developing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the most severe form of illness, than in those with dengue fever (DF) and other, nondengue, febrile illnesses. CD8(+) T lymphocytes made up approximately half of the peak circulating apoptotic PBMCs in DHF and DF. Maximum plasma levels of soluble CD95 were also higher in children with DHF than in those with DF. The level of PBMC apoptosis correlated with dengue disease severity. Apoptosis appears to be involved in modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses to DV infection and is likely involved in the evolution of immune responses in other viral hemorrhagic fevers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Khin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Myint
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Endy
authors.forename: Duangrat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mongkolsirichaikul
authors.forename: Choompun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manomuth
authors.forename: Siripen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalayanarooj
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: Ananda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nisalak
authors.forename: Sharone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Libraty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017209:Apoptosis; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003715:Dengue / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012703:Serotyping; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*