Habitat fragmentation effects on trophic processes of insect-plant food webs.
Habitat fragmentation is the transformation of once-extensive landscapes into smaller isolated remnants surrounded by new types of habitat. There is ample evidence of impoverished biodiversity as a consequence of habitat fragmentation, but its most profound effects may actually result from functional changes in ecological processes such as trophic interactions. We studied the trophic processes of herbivory and parasitism in insect-plant food webs composed of hundreds of species in a fragmented woodland landscape. We recorded all plant species, collected mined leaves, and reared leafminers and parasitoids from 19 woodland remnants. Herbivory and parasitism rates were then analyzed in relation to woodland size and edge or interior location. Herbivory by leaf-mining insects and their overall parasitism rates decreased as woodland remnants became smaller For each remnant the intensity of both processes differed between edge and interior Our results provide novel evidence of the magnitude of habitat fragmentation effects, showing they can be so pervasive as to affect trophic processes of highly complex food webs and suggesting a response associated with trophic specialization of the involved organisms as much as with their trophic level.
Valladares
Graciela
G
Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba, X5000 JJC, Argentina. gvalladares@efn.uncor.edu
Salvo
Adriana
A
Cagnolo
Luciano
L
D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D020387:Food Chain; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007313:Insecta / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D063245:Plant Development; D018521:Plant Physiological Phenomena; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013045:Species Specificity