[Retrograde signaling in the GABA- and glutamatergic synapses of the brain].
According to classical concept, due to chemical synapses, information in the central nervous system is transferred in one direction: from presynaptic neurons to postsynaptic ones. Although several cases of information transfer in the opposite direction were known for a long time, those were considered as rare exceptions. However, recent results indicate that retrograde signaling between brain neurons is rather a common phenomenon. In this review we will focus on two related forms of short-term plasticity of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission observed in several brain structures and mediated by retrograde messengers endocannabinoids. Namely, we will characterize phenomenon termed "depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition", observed at GABAergic synapses and related phenomenon observed at glutamatergic synapses named "depolarization-induced suppression of excitation".
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D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D018079:Receptors, GABA / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D018079:Receptors, GABA; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate