title: Hodgkin transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hodgkin transformation is a rare complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). In this study, the authors assessed the incidence, presenting characteristics, and outcomes of patients with CLL/SLL who developed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic database search of patients with CLL/SLL who presented at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Department of Leukemia between 1975 and 2005 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 4121 patients with CLL/SLL, 18 patients (0.4%) developed HL. Presenting features included B-symptoms (67%), lymph node enlargement (79%), splenomegaly (43%), hepatomegaly (29%), hypercalcemia (6%), infection (6%), and mental status changes (6%). The median age was 72 years (range, 49-81 years), and there was a male preponderance (78%). The median time from CLL to HL diagnosis was 4.6 years (range, 0-12.9 years). Fourteen patients (78%) had been previously treated for CLL/SLL. Ten patients (56%) had received >1 prior therapy. The median beta2-microglobulin level was 4.5 mg/L, and the median lactate dehydrogenase level was 610 IU/L. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was positive by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA in 3 of 4 tested patients. Fourteen patients (78%) received chemotherapy. The overall response rate was 44% (complete response rate, 19%). The median overall survival duration was 0.8 years (range, 0.03 years-6.7+ years). The median failure-free survival (FFS) duration was 0.4 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rates of response, survival, and FFS in patients with Hodgkin transformation of CLL/SLL were inferior to those reported in patients with de novo HL and were similar to those in patients with Richter syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. atsimber@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Apostolia-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tsimberidou
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Hagop M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kantarjian
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Fredrick B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hagemeister
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bueso-Ramos
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keating
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D013781:Texas; D016896:Treatment Outcome