title: Prophylactic administration of ponazuril reduces clinical signs and delays seroconversion in horses challenged with Sarcocystis neurona.
abstract: The ability of ponazuril to prevent or limit clinical signs of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) after infection with Sarcocystis neurona was evaluated. Eighteen horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: no treatment, 2.5 mg/kg ponazuril, or 5.0 mg/kg ponazuril. Horses were administered ponazuril, once per day, beginning 7 days before infection (study day 0) and continuing for 28 days postinfection. On day 0, horses were stressed by transport and challenged with 1 million S. neurona sporocysts per horse. Sequential neurologic examinations were performed, and serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected and assayed for antibodies to S. neurona. All horses in the control group developed neurologic signs, whereas only 71 and 40% of horses in the 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg ponazuril groups, respectively, developed neurologic abnormalities. This was significant at P = 0.034 by using Fisher exact test. In addition, seroconversion was decreased in the 5.0 mg/kg group compared with the control horses (100 vs. 40%; P = 0.028). Horses with neurologic signs were killed, and a post-mortem examination was performed. Mild-to-moderate, multifocal signs of neuroinflammation were observed. These results confirm that treatment with ponazuril at 5.0 mg/kg minimizes, but does not eliminate, infection and clinical signs of EPM in horses.
authors.affiliation: Marion DuPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Leesburg, 20176, USA. mfurr@vt.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: W J A
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Saville
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000662:veterinary; D002452:Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D004679:Encephalomyelitis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D012522:Sarcocystis / Q000276:immunology; D012523:Sarcocystosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D014227:Triazines; C415002:ponazuril