title: The vertical distribution of house dust mite allergen in carpet and the effect of dry vacuum cleaning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carpets are large reservoirs of the dust mite allergen Der p 1. The effect of vacuum cleaning on the distribution of Der p 1 in carpets is poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were cut from 7 used household carpets, all over 5 years of age. From each carpet, 10 samples were left untreated, 10 vacuumed with an upright vacuum cleaner, and 10 vacuumed with a canister vacuum cleaner. Each section was then cut into 3 horizontal layers: the top 2mm, the remainder of the carpet pile, and the carpet base. The mass of Der p 1 as a proportion of carpet volume was then determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of Der p 1 in each depth layer varied considerably between the 7 untreated carpets. In the top layer, Der p 1 concentrations were (median; 25th-75th percentiles): 41.9; 28.3-92.6 pg/mm3. For the middle layer they were similar (38.1; 22.4-108.5 pg/mm3), and for the carpet base, higher (212.4; 98.8-456.2 pg/mm3). In most cases, cleaning using either type of vacuum cleaner resulted in no significant reduction in allergen concentration throughout all depth layers. A subset of carpets showed an apparent increase in Der p 1 concentration in one or more layers following vacuum cleaning. In all tests Der p 1 was collected in the vacuum cleaners' filter bags.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The depth-distribution of Der p 1 differs widely amongst used carpets. Vacuum cleaning changes the distribution of Der p 1 within such carpets but does not necessarily result in a reduction in the overall content.
authors.affiliation: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. jasons@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Sercombe
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu-Brennan
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Causer
authors.forename: Euan R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Tovey
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000032:analysis*; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006794:Household Articles / Q000295:instrumentation; D006796:Household Work / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D004391:Dust; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C451162:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen p 1