title: Influence of acute and sub-chronic nicotine pretreatment on morphine state-dependent learning.
abstract: In the present study, the effects of acute and sub-chronic pretreatment of nicotine on impairment of memory formation and the state-dependent learning by morphine have been investigated in mice. Pre-training administration of morphine (5mg/kg) decreased the learning of a one-trial passive avoidance task, which was reversed by pre-test administration of the same dose of morphine. Amnesia induced by pre-training morphine was also significantly reversed in nicotine (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg)-treated animals on the test day. Morphine induced amnesia was also reversed in animals which had previously received sub-chronic injections of nicotine, once daily for 3 days followed by 14 days of no drug treatment. The restoration of memory by pre-test morphine was also reduced in animals which had previously received once daily injections of atropine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days after 14 of being days drug free. In the animals, restoration of memory by sub-chronic nicotine administration, was also decreased by once daily administration of atropine (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) 10 min prior to injection of nicotine (0.1 microg/kg/day, for 3 days) but not with SCH 23390; R(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine HCl (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) or sulpiride (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) during 3-days of treatment with nicotine. The results suggest that nicotine may induce sensitization which affects the impairment of memory formation via cholinergic but not dopaminergic systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. zarinmr@ams.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zarrindast
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nouraei
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khallilzadeh
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Askari
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine; D009020:Morphine