title: Implementation of a 20-nm pore-size filter in the plasma-derived factor VIII manufacturing process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Virus inactivation and removal are important prerequisites to ensure the safety of plasma derivatives. For virus inactivation and removal in our coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) product, CROSS EIGHT M, the production process consists of solvent-detergent (S/D) treatment, two chromatography steps and virus filtration with a 35-nm pore-size filter. However, the clearance of non-enveloped viruses was not as good as that of enveloped viruses because non-enveloped viruses are resistant to S/D treatment and are too small to be removed by the filter. In this study, in order to improve the viral safety of the FVIII products, we attempted to replace the 35-nm pore-size virus filter with a 20-nm filter.
  
  
  METHODS
  The virus-filtration process was validated for the removal of enveloped and non-enveloped model viruses. Several factors that might affect the FVIII yield on filtration were investigated to obtain a higher recovery. The biochemical properties of the FVIII products produced with the 20-nm pore-size filter were compared with those produced by the 35-nm filter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Virus filters of 20-nm pore size effectively removed the small non-enveloped viruses when compared with the 35-nm pore-size virus filter. The permeability of FVIII through the 20-nm pore-size filter was inversely proportional to the concentration of FVIII at filtration, and directly proportional to the amount of postfiltration solution. No differences were observed in the biochemical properties of both FVIII products, such as the structure and stability of the FVIII, the contents and multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor (vWF), and FVIII activation by thrombin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The virus-clearance efficiency of the FVIII product, CROSS EIGHT M, was markedly increased, in particular against small non-enveloped viruses, by changing the virus filter pore size from 35 nm to 20 nm. It was possible to implement the 20-nm pore-size filter without variation of the biochemical properties or a serious loss of FVIII.
authors.affiliation: Japanese Red Cross Plasma Fractionation Center, Hokkaido, Japan. furuya-kenji@pfc.jrc.or.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeno
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murozuka
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wakisaka
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanifuji
authors.forename: Tsugikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomono
mesh_terms: D005169:Factor VIII / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D014771:Virion / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D014780:Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D005169:Factor VIII