title: Prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure and risk of breast cancer.
abstract: It has been hypothesized that breast cancer risk is influenced by prenatal hormone levels. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, was widely used by pregnant women in the 1950s and 1960s. Women who took the drug have an increased risk of breast cancer, but whether risk is also increased in the daughters who were exposed in utero is less clear. We assessed the relation of prenatal DES exposure to risk of breast cancer in a cohort of DES-exposed and unexposed women followed since the 1970s by mailed questionnaires. Eighty percent of both exposed and unexposed women completed the most recent questionnaire. Self-reports of breast cancer were confirmed by pathology reports. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute incidence rate ratios (IRR) for prenatal DES exposure relative to no exposure. During follow-up, 102 incident cases of invasive breast cancer occurred, with 76 among DES-exposed women (98,591 person-years) and 26 among unexposed women (35,046 person-years). The overall age-adjusted IRR was 1.40 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.89-2.22]. For breast cancer occurring at ages >or=40 years, the IRR was 1.91 (95% CI, 1.09-3.33) and for cancers occurring at ages >or=50 years, it was 3.00 (95% CI, 1.01-8.98). Control for calendar year, parity, age at first birth, and other factors did not alter the results. These results, from the first prospective study on the subject, suggest that women with prenatal exposure to DES have an increased risk of breast cancer after age 40 years. The findings support the hypothesis that prenatal hormone levels influence breast cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA. jpalmer@slone.bu.edu
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Troisi
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Titus-Ernstoff
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Strohsnitter
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Noller
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyer
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hoover
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002273:Carcinogens; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol