Do carbamates cause polyneuropathy?
Carbamates are reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, and some also inhibit neuropathy target esterase (NTE), the target in organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. However, based on mechanistic considerations, these carbamates were thought to be unable to initiate polyneuropathy. Consequently, clinical reports of polyneuropathy associated with carbamate exposures have been disregarded. We discuss three cases of polyneuropathy that occurred after severe poisoning by methylcarbamates. In addition, high repeated doses of phenyl N-methyl N-benzylcarbamate caused nearly 100% NTE inhibition and polyneuropathy in the hen model. These data suggest the need to reconsider the long-standing tenet that carbamates cannot cause polyneuropathy. Alternatively, a preexisting subclinical neuropathy in these individuals may have been amplified by carbamates, as observed in animal models. We suggest that individuals with underlying neuropathy (e.g., diabetics) who are poisoned by carbamates should be followed closely. In addition, procedures for the current risk assessment of carbamate pesticides may need to be reconsidered.
Lotti
Marcello
M
Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Moretto
Angelo
A
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002219:Carbamates / Q000506:poisoning*; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002645:Chickens; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010575:Pesticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D011115:Polyneuropathies / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018570:Risk Assessment
D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D010575:Pesticides; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; C021859:neurotoxic esterase; D002235:Carbofuran