title: Somatic growth after ventricular septal defect in malnourished infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess somatic growth after ventricular septal defect (VSD) repair in severely malnourished infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety consecutive infants (age at surgery: 7.2 +/- 3.2 months) were followed after VSD closure at a referral center in southern India to evaluate somatic growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At surgery, 44% and 30% of patients had weight and height Z score <-3, respectively. On follow-up (age 5.4 +/- 0.8 years), despite a significant improvement from baseline (Z score -1.8 +/- 1.2 vs -2.8 +/- 1.3, P <.001), weight was significantly lower compared with healthy Indian children, particularly for boys. Height Z score improved significantly only in girls (-0.8 +/- 1.3 vs -1.8+/-2.1, P = .01). Weight, height, and combined weight and height Z scores (failure to thrive) of <-2 were observed in 42%, 27%, and 18 % of patients, respectively. On multivariate analysis, weight Z score <-2 on follow-up was predicted by weight Z score at surgery and male sex, height Z score <-2 by maternal height and male sex, and failure to thrive by maternal height and caloric intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is suboptimal recovery of somatic growth after repair of VSD in severely malnourished infants. Preoperative malnutrition affected only weight on follow-up, whereas height recovery and failure to thrive were influenced by constitutional factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Balu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Kimberlee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gauvreau
authors.forename: Krishnanaik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shivaprakasha
authors.forename: Suresh G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: R Krishna
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003249:Constitution and Bylaws; D003376:Counseling; D003906:Developing Countries; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*