Mimics of childhood stroke: characteristics of a prospective cohort.
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the clinical features and spectrum of diagnoses in children with "stroke mimics," those with acute neurologic deficits but without cerebrovascular diseases.


OBJECTIVE
Our goal was to describe patients with stroke mimics and to determine if clinical features predict benign diagnoses.


METHODS
Our stroke consult team registered a prospective consecutive cohort of 143 patients with acute presentations suspicious for cerebrovascular disease from November 2003 to November 2004. Cases in which stroke was ruled out (stroke mimics) were reviewed for clinical features and diagnostic test results and were classified "benign" if there was no structural brain lesion and there was an expectation of complete recovery.


RESULTS
Of the 143 cases evaluated for suspected stroke, 30 (21%) had stroke mimics. Presenting signs included seizure (n = 11), headache (n = 9), mental status change (n = 6), focal weakness (n = 14), and focal sensory change (n = 7). Eleven patients had "benign" diagnoses (3 migraine, 3 psychogenic diagnoses, 3 musculoskeletal abnormalities, 1 delirium, and 1 episodic vital sign changes). Nineteen patients had "not-benign" diagnoses (3 reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, 3 neonatal seizures, 2 vascular anomalies, 2 inflammatory disease, 2 intracranial infection, 2 epilepsy, 2 metabolic stroke, 1 tumor, 1 drug toxicity, and 1 idiopathic intracranial hypertension). Except for the presence of seizures, there were no significant differences in presentation or risk factors between benign and not-benign cases.


CONCLUSIONS
Many disorders mimic childhood stroke. History and clinical presentation often do not distinguish the one third of patients with benign disorders from the two thirds with more serious problems, necessitating timely comprehensive investigations, especially brain MRI.
Shellhaas
Renée A
RA
Division of Neurology, Wood 6th Floor, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Smith
Sabrina E
SE
O'Tool
Erin
E
Licht
Daniel J
DJ
Ichord
Rebecca N
RN
D000293:Adolescent; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003244:Consciousness Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*