title: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroendocrine tumors of the ampulla of Vater are extremely rare, and few cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the ampulla have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 48-year-old male with obstructive jaundice was admitted to our hospital. On examination the patient was found to have a periampullary growth and subsequently underwent the Whipple's procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological examination and immuno-histochemistry revealed features of LCNEC of the ampulla of Vater. The patient developed multiple liver metastases 6 months after Whipple's procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCNEC of the ampulla of Vater is rare and highly aggressive, with a dismal prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Center for G.I.Bleeding & Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Diseases, Government Stanley Medical College Hospital, the Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
authors.forename: Eswaran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selvakumar
authors.forename: Velayutham
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vimalraj
authors.forename: Shanmugasundaram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajendran
authors.forename: Tirupporur G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Balachandar
authors.forename: Devy G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Satyanesan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeswanth
authors.forename: Palaniappan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
authors.forename: Arunachalam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Rajagopal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Surendran
mesh_terms: D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography