title: Distraction forces on repaired bucket-handle lesions in the medial meniscus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have investigated the biomechanical properties of meniscal repair techniques. One of the most commonly discussed parameters is the failure load in the axis of insertion, although little is known about the distraction forces actually occurring at repaired bucket-handle lesions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  There are clinically relevant distraction forces on repaired meniscus bucket-handle lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meniscus bucket-handle lesions were created and repaired in human cadaveric knees with a vertical suture made from a braided steel wire. A small-sized load sensor was connected to the wire at the periphery of the meniscus. The distraction forces acting on the lesion were measured at different knee joint angles (0 degrees -120 degrees of flexion) with internal and external rotation and with and without weight loading. Forces in excess of 10 N were considered to have clinical relevance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean forces on the meniscus repair ranged from 1.64 to 4.72 N. Irrespective of the modalities (ie, different flexion angles, weight load, direction of rotation), it was found that the forces were well below the cutoff value of 10 N (P < .01). Increasing flexion angles generally did not cause an increase in distraction forces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that distraction forces are not the primary factor in the mechanical stability of meniscal repair. It must therefore be assumed that other factors such as shear forces are of greater significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results may help to validate the biomechanical properties of different meniscal repair techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, City Hospital Brandenburg, Hochstrasse 29, 14770 Brandenburg, Germany. roland_becker@yahoo.de
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brettschneider
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gröbel
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Versen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stärke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012399:Rotation; D033081:Shear Strength; D013718:Tensile Strength; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology