title: Neuroanatomical and pharmacological assessment of Fos expression induced in the rat brain by the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor 6-(4-pyridylmethyl)-8-(3-nitrophenyl) quinoline.
abstract: A major obstacle in the therapeutic development of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors is the production of adverse side effects such as nausea and vomiting. Immunohistochemical detection of Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) was used to address the neuroanatomical basis for the pharmacological actions of PDE4 inhibitors. The potent and selective PDE4 inhibitors 6-(4-pyridylmethyl)-8-(3-nitrophenyl) quinoline (PMNPQ) and rolipram elevated FLI in brain regions potentially relevant to the anti-depressant and emetic effects of PDE4 inhibition. PMNPQ and rolipram elevated FLI in the locus coeruleus, habenula, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens, all structures with strong limbic connectivity implicated in arousal, memory and affective aspects of behaviour. Consistent with the emetic effects of PDE4 inhibitors such as PMNPQ and rolipram, these compounds elevated FLI in caudal brainstem nuclei such as the area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract. Administration of the NK(1) antagonist RP 67580 prior to PMNPQ reversed increases in FLI produced by PMNPQ in these regions. RP 67580 did not, however, reduce PMNPQ-induced FLI in limbic structures. These findings suggest that PDE4 inhibitors produce emesis by increasing NK(1) receptor activation in the AP/NTS and implicate brain regions associated with reward and mood such as the amygdala, paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus, habenula and nucleus accumbens in the anti-depressant activity of such compounds.
authors.affiliation: Merck-Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Merck Frosst Canada and Company, P.O. Box 1005, Pointe Claire-Dorval, QC H9R 4P8, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bureau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Handa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laliberte
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D054833:Isoindoles; D008297:Male; D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C516052:6-(4-pyridylmethyl)-8-(3-nitrophenyl)quinoline; D000700:Analgesics; D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D016761:Oncogene Proteins v-fos; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D011804:Quinolines; C071693:7,7-diphenyl-2-(1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)perhydroisoindol-4-one