title: Grades I-II intraventricular hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants: effects on neurodevelopment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the effect of grades I-II intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on the neurosensory and cognitive outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 706 extremely low birth weight infants without major malformations admitted to our center from 1992 to 2000, 537 survived to 20 months' corrected age (CA) and had cranial ultrasound studies performed, of whom 490 (91%) had complete neurodevelopmental assessments. Infants with severe cranial ultrasound abnormalities or meningitis were excluded, leaving a population of 362 infants, 258 of whom had a normal cranial ultrasound and 104 had an isolated grade I-II IVH. The groups had similar birth weight (808 vs 801 grams) and gestational age (26.5 vs 26.3 weeks). Outcomes of infants with normal cranial ultrasound were compared with those with grades I-II IVH at 20 months' CA. Outcomes included the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and major neurosensory abnormality. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of grades I-II IVH on outcomes while adjusting for other risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extremely low birth weight infants with grades I-II IVH had a significantly lower mean MDI score than infants with normal cranial ultrasound (74 +/- 16 vs 79 +/- 14, P = .006). They had higher rates of MDI <<70 (45% vs 25%; OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.30; P = .008), major neurologic abnormality (13% vs 5%; OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.06 to 6.36; P = .036), and neurodevelopmental impairment (47% vs 28%; OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3.03; P = .018) at 20 months' CA, even when adjusting for confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extremely low birth weight infants with grades I-II IVH have poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at 20 months' CA than infants with normal cranial ultrasound. Advanced radiologic imaging may indicate additional brain injury associated with grade I-II IVH, which could explain these outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics at Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. kousiki_patra@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kousiki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.forename: Deanne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilson-Costello
authors.forename: H Gerry
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Nori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mercuri-Minich
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hack
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003638:Deafness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003710:Demography; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004453:Echoencephalography; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D009035:Mothers; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009123:Muscle Hypotonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index