title: Phosphorylation of the liver X receptors.
abstract: The liver X receptors (LXRs) function as nutritional sensors for cholesterol and have important roles in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation. We provide the first evidence that LXRs are phosphorylated proteins. Mutational analysis and metabolic labeling indicate LXRalpha is phosphorylated on serine 198 in the hinge region. This is a consensus target for the MAPK family. A phosphorylation-deficient mutant, LXRalpha S198A, remains nuclear and responds to ligands like the wild-type protein. The biological significance of LXR phosphorylation remains to be elucidated but could provide a novel mechanism for the regulation of LXR signaling pathways and cellular metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Mingyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michelle N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Simon W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Beaven
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tontonoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D051379:Mice; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; C000605214:Nr1h3 protein, mouse; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012694:Serine