title: The influence of diabetes on gingival crevicular fluid beta-glucuronidase and interleukin-8.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) dysfunction is associated with diabetes. We examined the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) beta-glucuronidase (BG) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels of periodontitis patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty five adults with type 2 DM and 32 adults without DM, both with chronic periodontitis were enrolled. GCF was collected from eight posterior sites in each quadrant, and periodontal parameters were recorded. GCF was assayed for IL-8 by ELISA and BG by a fluorometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCF IL-8 was positively correlated with probing depth (PD), and GCF BG but not clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), or plaque index (PI). In contrast, GCF BG was strongly correlated with each of the clinical measures of periodontal disease. Subjects with DM significantly lower levels of both BG (73.0+/-44.8 versus 121.9+/-84.6 pg/sample; p=0.002) and IL-8 (32.1+/-33.1 versus 90.8+/-83.2 pg/sample; p<0.0001) even after adjustments for age, gender, PD, CAL, BOP, and PI. Neither BG nor IL-8 was correlated with HbA1c levels in subjects with DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that an inadequate local response by PMN, partially explained by an altered chemokine gradient, may contribute to periodontal disease in patients with type 2 DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. sengebretson@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Engebretson
authors.forename: Faranak
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vossughi
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hey-Hadavi
authors.forename: Gülnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emingil
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Grbic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000378:metabolism; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000378:metabolism; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005966:Glucuronidase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D016209:Interleukin-8