title: Functional evaluation of the autoimmunity-associated CTLA4 gene: the effect of the (AT) repeat in the 3'untranslated region (UTR).
abstract: The third confirmed susceptibility locus in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the CTLA4 gene, harbors several DNA variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD), any one of which, or a combination thereof, could contribute to an individual's susceptibility to disease. Dissecting their contribution to disease requires both genetic and functional studies at each locus, due to the quasi 100% LD in the region. To this effect we have undertaken a detailed functional analysis of the (AT)(n) dinucleotide repeat located in the 3'untranslated region (UTR) using validated methodology for detecting allelic differences in expression in individuals heterozygous for the most common alleles at the 3'UTR (AT)(n) repeat, the 88bp and 106bp alleles, which combined account for two thirds of all chromosomes. We hypothesized that such a dinucleotide repeat may alter the stability of the messenger RNA, and assessed the stability of each allelic-derived messenger RNA in heterozygous individuals by treating steady-state mRNA with the transcription attenuator, actinomycin D. We report no difference between mRNAs carrying an 88bp repeat allele or 106bp, and no effects of the repeat expansion on the stability of the mRNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper, Montreal, QC, Canada H3H 1P3.
authors.forename: Suzana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Anjos
authors.forename: Constantin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polychronakos
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics*; D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics*; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger