title: Psychological and physical activity training for older persons: who does not attend?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interventions to promote successful aging include psychological and physical activity programs. Identification of determinants of attendance of older persons may be useful to develop strategies to improve attendance. For physical activity programs determinants of attendance have been investigated extensively. For psychological programs hardly any knowledge is available. Determinants of attendance at psychological and physical activity programs have never been investigated simultaneously.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify demographic, physical and psychological determinants of attendance of older subjects following multifaceted psychological training - aimed at promoting active social participation - and physical activity training and to compare the variation of these determinants between the two training programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  118 subjects aged 65-92 years were randomized over psychological and physical activity training. Determinants of attendance were obtained at pretest with questionnaires and performance-based tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean attendance was 62%. Attendance was not related to type of program. Having chronic diseases facilitated attendance in the psychological training group and limited attendance in the physical activity training group. Low and high levels of Activities of Daily Living performance (ADLs) and walking endurance were related to a high attendance in the psychological training group. A low level of activities of daily living (ADL) and a low walking endurance were related to a low attendance in the physical activity training group. For both training groups, persons living with a partner had higher attendance rates than persons living alone, and persons with a low level of anxiety had higher attendance rates than persons with a moderate or a high level of anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological training may be more suitable for frail older persons with chronic diseases, low ADL levels and low walking endurance than physical activity training, and may help to prepare such persons for physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. M.J.G.van.Heuvelen@ppsw.rug.nl
authors.forename: Marieke J G
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Heuvelen
authors.forename: Jacqueline B H
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hochstenbach
authors.forename: Wiebo H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: Mathieu H G
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Greef
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scherder
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003071:Cognition; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011580:Psychological Techniques; D045808:Refusal to Participate; D012919:Social Behavior