title: Critical role of Brg1 member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex during neurogenesis and neural crest induction in zebrafish.
abstract: Brg1 is a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, and in some organisms Brg1 has been shown to interact with beta-catenin and positively control the TCF/LEF transcription factor that is located downstream of the Wnt signal transduction pathway. During development, TCF/LEF activity is critical during neurogenesis and head induction. In zebrafish, Brg1-deficient embryos exhibit retinal cell differentiation and eye defects; however, the role of Brg1 in neurogenesis and neural crest cell induction remains elusive. We used zebrafish deficient in Brg1 (yng) or Brg1 specific-morpholino oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown to analyze the embryonic requirements of Brg1. Our results indicate that reduction in Brg1 expression leads to the expansion of the forebrain-specific transcription factor, six3, and marked reduction in expression of the mid/hind-brain boundary and hind-brain genes, engrailed2 and krox20, respectively. At 12 hpf, the expression of neural crest specifiers are severely affected in Brg1-morpholino-injected embryos. These results suggest that Brg1 is involved in neural crest induction, which is critical for the development of neurons, glia, pigment cells, and craniofacial structures. Brg1 is a maternal factor, and brg1-deficient embryos bearing the yng mutation derived from heterozygote intercrosses exhibit lesser effects on neural crest-specific gene expression, but show defects in neurogenesis and neural crest cell differentiation. This is exhibited by the aberrant brain patterning, a reduction in the sensory neurons, and craniofacial defects. These results further elucidate the critical role for Brg1 in neurogenesis, neural crest induction, and differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Chaperone/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Binnur
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eroglu
authors.forename: Guanghu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Naxin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Xutong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nahid F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Mivechi
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C445179:SWI-SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C516328:smarca4a protein, zebrafish; C096850:snai1b protein, zebrafish; D004265:DNA Helicases