[Glycotoxins and cellular dysfunction. A new mechanism for understanding the preventive effects of lifestyle modifications].
Recently the AGE-RAGE interaction was identified as a potential mechanism underlying chronic and inflammatory diseases like atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and kidney disease. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the derivatives of glucose-protein or glucose-lipid reactions and are mainly generated from the diet (depending on intensity of heating, cooking time and oxygenation). Binding of AGEs or other ligands to the AGE receptor (RAGE) results in cellular activation, i.e. increased expression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. Diet-derived AGEs thus induce deleterious effects on tissues and the cardiovascular system. Recent research also found that other lifestyle factors are associated with pronounced inflammatory activation, e.g. psychosocial stress and smoking. In addition, each intake of meals is associated with proinflammatory cellular changes. The AGE-RAGE model and investigations of the underlying cellular mechanisms thus may lead to a better understanding of the health benefits of diets (Mediterranean diet, uncooked vegetarian diets), caloric restriction and intermittent fasting. The clinical impact of low-AGE diets and fasting and the interaction between stress and food intake should be further investigated in controlled trials.
Michalsen
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Abteilung Innere Medizin, Naturheilkunde und Integrative Medizin, Kliniken Essen Mitte, Am Deimelsberg 34a, 45276 Essen, BRD. andreas.michalsen@uni-essen.de
Bierhaus
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Nawroth
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Dobos
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D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior
D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic