title: Neocortical hyperexcitability in a genetic model of absence seizures and its reduction by levetiracetam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (LEV) on the patterns of intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) generated by slices of the somatosensory cortex obtained from 3- and 6-month-old WAG/Rij and age-matched, nonepileptic control (NEC) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  WAG/Rij and NEC animals were anesthetized with enfluorane and decapitated. Brains were quickly removed, and neocortical slices were cut coronally with a vibratome, transferred to a submerged tissue chamber, and superfused with oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Slices were illuminated with a dark-field condensor and examined with a x2.5 objective; images were processed with a real time digital video image-enhancement system. Images were acquired before (background) and during electrical stimulation with a temporal resolution of 10 images/s and were displayed in pseudocolors. Extracellular stimuli (200 micros; <4 V) were delivered through bipolar stainless steel electrodes placed in the white matter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IOSs recorded in NEC slices bathed in control aCSF became less intense and of reduced size with age (p < 0.05); this trend was not seen in WAG/Rij slices. Age-dependent decreases in IOS intensity and area size were also seen in NEC slices superfused with aCSF containing the convulsant 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 5 microM); in contrast, significant increases in both parameters occurred with age in 4-AP-treated WAG/Rij slices (p < 0.05). Under any of these conditions, the IOS intensity and area size slices were larger in WAG/Rij than in NEC slices. LEV (50-500 microM) application to WAG/Rij slices caused dose-dependent IOS reductions that were evident both in control and in 4-AP-containing aCSF and were more pronounced in 6-month-old tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate age-dependent IOS modifications in NEC and WAG/Rij rat slices and identify a clear pattern of hyperexcitability that occurs in 6-month-old WAG/Rij neocortical tissue, an age when absence seizures occur in all animals. The ability of LEV to reduce these patterns of network hyperexcitability supports the potential use of this new antiepileptic drug in primary generalized epileptic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Arcangelo
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Antuono
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tancredi
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Avoli
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007089:Image Enhancement; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008957:Models, Genetic; D019579:Neocortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D014743:Videotape Recording
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D010889:Piracetam