title: Endoscopic transaxillary near total thyroidectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since first reported in 1996, endoscopic minimally invasive surgery of the cervical region has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of benign thyroid and parathyroid disease. The endoscopic transaxillary technique uses a remote lateral approach to the thyroid gland. Because of the perceived difficulty in accessing the contralateral anatomy of the thyroid gland, this technique has typically been reserved for patients with unilateral disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study examines the safety and feasibility of the transaxillary technique in dissecting and assessment of both thyroid lobes in performing near total thyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to this study we successfully performed endoscopic transaxillary thyroid lobectomy in 32 patients between August 2003 and August 2005. Technical feasibility in performing total thyroidectomy using this approach was accomplished first utilizing a porcine model followed by three human cadaver models prior to proceeding to human surgery. After IRB approval three female patients with histories of enlarging multinodular goiter were selected to undergo endoscopic near total thyroidectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average operative time for all models was 142 minutes (range 57-327 min). The three patients in this study had clinically enlarging multinodular goiters with an average size of 4 cm. The contralateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands were identified in all cases. There was no post-operative bleeding, hoarseness or subcutaneous emphysema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic transaxillary near total thyroidectomy is feasible and can be performed safely in human patients with bilateral thyroid disease.
authors.affiliation: Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Titusduncan@msn.com
authors.forename: Titus D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Ijeoma Acholonu
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Ejeh
authors.forename: Fredne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Speights
authors.forename: Qammar N
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ideis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001365:Axilla; D002102:Cadaver; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013552:Swine; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*