title: Developmental origins of sociality in brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater).
abstract: Five variables were studied relating to the emergence of sociality in hand-reared cowbirds (Molothrus ater): proximity, sex assortment, reactions to adults, head-down displays, and vocalizations. The authors were especially interested in female sociality because adult female birds influence male courtship, song content, and use through proximity, attention, and displays. The authors found that young female birds failed to show same-sex affiliation typical of the species at any point in the study. Brief introduction of adults did not affect social patterns. Adults used more head-down displays than juveniles, who used more displays with familiar peers. Directed and undirected singing emerged concurrently; directed singing was positively correlated with earlier hatching. This is the first demonstration of the need for early learning in the development of female sociality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S Grace
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Freed-Brown
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Meredith J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000819:Animal Communication; D000818:Animals; D003380:Courtship; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D008297:Male; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D012951:Socialization; D020308:Songbirds / Q000254:growth & development*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014828:Vocalization, Animal