title: Metabolic and skeletal complications of HIV infection: the price of success.
abstract: Over the past 10 years, in conjunction with the broad availability of potent antiretroviral regimens, the care of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has shifted from prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections and malignancies to management of the metabolic and related complications associated with HIV infection and its treatment. Metabolic disorders, including lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, occur at a high rate in HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). These disorders are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. Herein, we present the case of a patient with HIV infection who responded well to HAART but developed multiple complications potentially related to this therapy. This article reviews the clinical characteristics of the metabolic and skeletal disturbances observed in HIV infection and discusses strategies for their management.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-Clinical Center HIV/AIDS Program, Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Md, USA.
authors.forename: Caryn G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kovacs
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors