title: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases the number of rat bone marrow osteogenic stromal cells (BMSC) via binding the EP4 receptor, activating sphingosine kinase and inhibiting caspase activity.
abstract: Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is bone-anabolic, i.e. stimulates bone formation and increases bone mass. In this study, we explored possible intracellular mechanisms of its increase of osteogenic cells in rat bone marrow. Adherent rat bone marrow cells were counted after 12-48 h or cultured for 21 days and mineralized nodules were counted. Also, apoptosis of marrow cells was measured after in vivo PGE(2) injection. PGE(2) (100 nM) increased 2-3 fold the number of adherent BMSC, an effect which was mediated via binding the EP(4) receptor since it was mimicked by forskolin and 11-deoxy-prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) and was blocked by DDA and L-161982 (EP(4) antagonist). PGE(2) stimulated sphingosine kinase (SPK) activity since its effects were blocked by DMS (SPK inhibitor) and mimicked by SPP (SPK product). PGE(2) reduced the activity of caspase-3 and -8 in BMSC and their inhibitors increased BMSC number and nodule formation. In vivo, PGE(2) prevented the increase in the apoptosis of bone marrow cells caused by indomethacin. We propose that PGE(2) exerts an anti-apoptotic effect on BMSC, thereby increasing their number and subsequent osteoblastic differentiation. Such an effect could explain how PGE(2) stimulates bone formation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel. weinreb@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shamir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machwate
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Rodan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E / Q000378:metabolism*; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D018078:Receptors, Prostaglandin E; D058309:Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase; C545652:Ptger4 protein, rat