title: Direct thrombin inhibition appears to be a safe and effective anticoagulant for percutaneous bypass graft interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) are associated with worse outcomes compared with those of native coronary PCI. Little is known concerning the use of direct thrombin inhibition during CABG intervention. The objective of this report is to examine the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin with GPIIb/IIIa blockade inhibition in patients undergoing CABG PCI. GP IIb/IIIa use was provisional in REPLACE-2 and planned in REPLACE-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A post hoc analysis of patients undergoing CABG PCI in the REPLACE-1 and -2 trials was performed. In REPLACE-1, patients were randomized to either heparin or bivalirudin, with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor use at the operator's discretion. In REPLACE-2, patients were randomized to heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibition versus bivalirudin with provisional GP IIb/IIIa blockade. In both studies, randomized treatment groups were well matched. In unadjusted and logistic regression analysis, there were no significant differences in the combined endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, or major bleeding when patients were treated with either heparin or bivalirudin. Individual safety and efficacy endpoints were also similar. Minor bleeding was significantly reduced in patients treated with bivalirudin (14.8% vs. 22.7%, P = 0.037). Follow-up data available from the REPLACE-2 trial at 12 months found similar efficacy between groups with a trend towards decreased 12 month mortality in the bivalirudin vs. heparin groups (4.2% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CABG PCI using bivalirudin with provisional GPIIb/IIIa inhibition appears to provide similar safety and efficacy to heparin with GPIIb/IIIa inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lincoff
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madrid
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: J Price
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Teirstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006629:Hirudins; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D000991:Antithrombins; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; D013917:Thrombin; C074619:bivalirudin