title: Lethal acute lung injury and hypoglycemia after subcutaneous administration of monochloroacetic acid.
abstract: Hypoglycemia is suspected in the acute lethal toxicity induced by cutaneous exposure to monochloroacetic acid (MCA). Although it has been shown that hepato-renal dysfunction is involved, the mechanism and the target organs that directly affect mortality remain to be determined. We suspected respiratory failure as a main cause of death in some reported cases. We investigated dose-response effects, hypoglycemia, and lung injury in rats exposed to MCA. Serum glucose, blood gases, and parameters of alveolar injury in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analysed 2 and 4 h after subcutaneous administration of MCA (108, 135 or 163 mg/kg). Apparent pulmonary injury and hypoglycemia were not identified 2 h after administration, but lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total cells in BALF were dose-dependently increased; and severe hypoglycemia was identified 4 h after administration. Blood gas analysis showed remarkable alveolar gas dysfunction as exchange in the 163 mg/kg group. Thus, hypoglycemia and lung injury appear to cause death in response to MCA exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan. in1073@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tomotaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dote
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D001786:Blood Glucose; C006972:chloroacetic acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase