title: Heterogeneity of vat(E)-carrying plasmids in Enterococcus faecium recovered from human and animal sources.
abstract: In this study, quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D)-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates (33 from poultry farms and 1 from a human outpatient) with Q/D minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 microg/mL to 32 microg/mL were analysed. Polymerase chain reaction detected the presence of vat(E) in all isolates. Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), 14 distinct PFGE patterns were identified. The human E. faecium isolate was distinguishable from the 33 farm isolates by PFGE. Southern hybridisation localised the vat(E) gene to an 11 kb plasmid and resulted in five plasmid hybridisation types. The vat(E)-carrying plasmid from the human isolate showed a nearly identical hybridisation pattern to a plasmid from a farm isolate. This study showed that the vat(E) gene, conferring resistance to Q/D, was carried on different plasmids in a heterogeneous group of E. faecium, some of which may be acquired by E. faecium capable of infecting humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Shabbir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simjee
authors.forename: Yifan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Donabedian
authors.forename: Marcus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zervos
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014422:Turkeys / Q000382:microbiology; D014769:Virginiamycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014769:Virginiamycin; C062940:quinupristin-dalfopristin; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C082449:Vat protein, Bacteria