title: Survival of Enterobacter sakazakii on fresh produce as affected by temperature, and effectiveness of sanitizers for its elimination.
abstract: A study was done to determine the survival characteristics of Enterobacter sakazakii on the surface of apples, cantaloupes, strawberries, lettuce, and tomatoes stored at 4, 12, and 25 degrees C for 8-28 days. Populations significantly decreased (p<or=0.05) on all test produce at all storage temperatures. The efficacy of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and a peroxyacetic acid-based sanitizer (Tsunami 200) treatments (1 and 5 min) in killing the bacterium on apples, tomatoes, and lettuce was determined. Chlorine and chlorine dioxide, at >or=50 microg/ml, were equivalent in killing E. sakazakii on apples. Populations of E. sakazakii on apples treated with 10 microg/ml chlorine dioxide for 1 or 5 min were significantly reduced (p<or=0.05) by 3.38 and 3.77 log CFU/apple, respectively, compared to the number remaining on apples after washing with water. Treatment with Tsunami 200 at 40 microg/ml for 1 min caused reductions of >or=4.00 log CFU/apple. Reductions of >or=3.70 log CFU/tomato were achieved by treatment with 10 microg/ml chlorine or chlorine dioxide or 40 microg/ml Tsunami 200 for 5 min. Reductions in populations of E. sakazakii on lettuce treated with chlorine at 10, 50, and 100 microg/ml for 1 min ranged from 1.61 to 2.50 log CFU/sample (26+/-4 g), compared to populations remaining on lettuce washed with water. Chlorine was less effective in killing E. sakazakii on lettuce than on apples or tomatoes. Treatment of lettuce with Tsunami 200 (40 and 80 microg/ml) for 5 min caused a reduction of >or=5.31 log CFU/sample. Results provide insights to predicting survival characteristics of E. sakazakii on produce and the efficacy of sanitizers in killing the bacterium.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA.
authors.forename: Hoikyung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jee-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Larry R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Beuchat
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D044083:Cronobacter sakazakii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; D002713:Chlorine; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D010463:Peracetic Acid