Long-term height gain of prematurely born children with neonatal growth restraint: parallellism with the growth pattern of short children born small for gestational age.
BACKGROUND
It is unknown whether children born very preterm (< 32 weeks' gestation) with appropriate size for gestational age, who grow poorly in the first postnatal months (ie, preterm growth restraint), show a similar growth pattern as children born small for gestational age.


OBJECTIVE
Childhood growth and adult height of children with preterm growth restraint were compared to those of very preterm small-for-gestational-age and non-preterm-growth-restraint children.


METHODS
Data were drawn from the Project on Preterm and Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants cohort. Preterm growth restraint was considered to have occurred after appropriate-size-for-gestational-age birth and if length and/or weight was below -2 SD score at 3 months postterm.


RESULTS
Among 380 very preterm children, 274 experienced no preterm growth restraint and showed near-normal growth, whereas 79 (21%) experienced preterm growth restraint and subsequently displayed a growth pattern similar to that of very preterm small-for-gestational-age children (n = 27). Adult height of these children was -1.1 to -1.2 SD score. Very preterm small-for-gestational-age and preterm-growth-restraint children with a height below -2 SD score at 5 years had an adult height of approximately -2.5 SD score.


CONCLUSIONS
Childhood growth and adult height were similar in very preterm small-for-gestational-age and preterm-growth-restraint children. These long-term findings further strengthen the plausibility of extending the small-for-gestational-age indication for growth hormone therapy in such a way that preterm-growth-restraint children are no longer excluded if they have a short stature persisting beyond the age of approximately 5 years.
Finken
Martijn J J
MJ
Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands. m.j.j.finken@lumc.nl
Dekker
Friedo W
FW
de Zegher
Francis
F
Wit
Jan M
JM
D001827:Body Height; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies