Cognitive-behavioural group intervention for climacteric syndrome.
BACKGROUND
During peri- and postmenopause there is a high prevalence of psychological symptoms such as emotional instability, depressive moods, anxiety, sleep disorders, and sexual dysfunction. Aetiologically relevant factors for discomfort are decline of sex hormones and psychosocial factors such as lifestyle, attitude towards menopause, pre-menopausal mental health and sociocultural factors. In contrast to the relevance of psychosocial factors, there are few studies on psychological interventions. The present study evaluates an open trial of cognitive-behavioural group intervention consisting of psychoeducation, group discussion and coping skills training for women suffering from climacteric symptoms.


METHODS
Thirty women were enrolled in this first trial. Standardised (MRS, HADS-D, Partnership Questionnaire, McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire) and especially developed ('Attitudes Towards the Menopause') instruments were administered 3 times, twice before (T1 and T2) and once after the group intervention (T3). General linear model repeated measures were used to analyse changes in questionnaire measures.


RESULTS
Taking the average of the two pre-intervention scores, significant improvements were observed in anxiety (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.02), partnership relations (p < 0.02), overall score of sexuality (p < 0.02), hot flashes (p < 0.01) and cardiac complaints (p < 0.01) from pre- to post-intervention. No changes were found for sexual satisfaction and stressfulness of menopausal symptoms.


CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study points at a possible effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural interventions for the treatment of climacteric syndrome. Further studies will have to use randomised trials, comparing different treatments (HRT, phyto-oestrogens, relaxation training, discussion groups) for their effectiveness.
Alder
Judith
J
Universitats-Frauenklinik Basel, Basel, Switzerland. jalder@uhbs.ch
Eymann Besken
Kathrin
K
Armbruster
Ulrike
U
Decio
Roberta
R
Gairing
Anja
A
Kang
Anjeung
A
Bitzer
Johannes
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000628:therapy*; D002979:Climacteric; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D013557:Switzerland