title: Interactions between child and parent temperament and child behavior problems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies of temperament have tested goodness-of-fit theories of child behavior problems. In this study, we test the hypothesis that interactions between child and parent temperament dimensions predict levels of child psychopathology after controlling for the effects of these dimensions individually.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperament and psychopathology were assessed in a total of 175 children (97 boys, 78 girls; mean age, 10.99 years; SD, 3.66 years) using composite scores from multiple informants of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory and the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. Parent temperament was assessed using the adult version of the Temperament and Character Inventory. Statistical analyses included multiple regression procedures to assess the contribution of child-parent temperament interactions after controlling for demographic variables, other types of child psychopathology, and the individual Temperament and Character Inventory and Junior Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interactions between child and parent temperament dimensions predicted higher levels of externalizing, internalizing, and attention problems over and above the effects of these dimensions alone. Among others, the combination of high child novelty seeking with high maternal novelty was associated with child attention problems, whereas the combination of high child harm avoidance and high father harm avoidance was associated with increased child internalizing problems. Many child temperament dimensions also exerted significant effects independently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between a child temperament trait and psychopathology can be dependent upon the temperament of parents. These data lend support to previous theories of the importance of goodness-of-fit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, 05405, USA. david.rettew@uvm.edu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rettew
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanger
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKee
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hudziak
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001288:Attention; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament