title: Rhodococcus equi in the soil environment of horses in Inner Mongolia, China.
abstract: Little is known about the distribution of Rhodococcus equi in the soil environment of native horses in China. One hundred and eight soil samples were collected from native-horse farms in the Hulun Beier grasslands of eastern Mongolia, the Xilin Goler grasslands of southern Mongolia, and Tongliao City in Inner Mongolia, China. The isolation rates of R. equi from soil samples from the Hulun Beier and Xilin Goler grasslands ranged from 25.9% to 30.0%. In contrast, isolation rates from soil samples from Tongliao City were as high as 82.3% and the mean number of R. equi in soil samples from Tongliao City was 10 times more than those of samples from the grasslands. The 488 isolates were examined using PCR for the presence of genes that encode virulence-associated 15-17 kDa antigen protein (VapA) and the 20 kDa antigen protein (VapB). All isolates were negative for virulence-associated proteins. Plasmid profiles of these avirulent isolates showed that cryptic plasmids of various sizes were present with an incidence of 13.3% to 21.5%. The results of the present study contrast with those of our recent study (J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67:611-613, 2005), in which we reported that R. equi was absent from Mongolian horses in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. It is suggested that the difference between the results of these two studies is due to the mobile pasturing system in Mongolia and nonmobile pasturing system in Inner Mongolia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Xiao-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Madarame
authors.forename: Ming-Hua
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhong-Tian
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Shuang-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hatori
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakuda
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsubaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006736:Horses; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D016929:Rhodococcus equi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014774:Virulence