title: Vegetable and synthetic tannins induce hormesis/toxicity in sea urchin early development and in algal growth.
abstract: Mimosa tannin and phenol-based synthetic tannin (syntan) were tested for toxicity to sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus and Sphaerechinus granularis) early development and to marine algal growth (Dunaliella tertiolecta). Sea urchin embryogenesis was affected by vegetable tannin and syntan water extracts (VTWE and STWE) at levels >or=1mg/L. Developmental defects were significantly decreased at VTWE and STWE levels of 0.1 and 0.3mg/L when control cultures displayed suboptimal quality, i.e. <70% "viable" (normal or retarded) larvae. Fertilization success of sea urchin sperm was increased up to 0.3 mg/L STWE or VTWE, then was inhibited by increasing tannin levels (1-30 mg/L). Offspring abnormalities, following sperm exposure to VTWE or STWE, showed the same shift from hormesis to toxicity. Cell growth bioassays in D. tertiolecta exposed to VTWE or STWE (0.1-30 mg/L) showed non-linear concentration-related toxicity. Novel criteria are suggested in defining control quality that should reveal hormetic effects.
authors.affiliation: Italian National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, via M. Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.forename: Süreyya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meriç
authors.forename: Marialuisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iaccarino
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Della Rocca
authors.forename: Giusy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lofrano
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D003582:Cytogenetics; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D031298:Mimosa; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects; D013634:Tannins / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D013634:Tannins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical