title: Skin-reducing mastectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors propose a combined flap technique to reconstruct large and medium-sized ptotic breasts in a single-stage operation by use of anatomical permanent implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors enrolled 28 patients fulfilling criteria for skin-sparing mastectomy and presenting with ptotic breasts whose areola-to-inframammary fold distance was more than 8 cm. All reconstructions were performed as a single-stage procedure. After preoperative planning, a large area in the lower half of the breast was deepithelialized according to the conventional Wise pattern. Mastectomy was then carried out. To perform reconstructions, the inferomedial fibers of the pectoralis major muscle were dissected and sutured to the superior border of the inferior dermal flap. An anatomical implant was then inserted into the pouch, which was closed laterally with the previously harvested serratus anterior fascia. Skin flaps were finally closed down to the inframammary fold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors performed 30 procedures on 28 patients. The medium size anatomical implants was 433 cc. Twelve women achieved symmetrization in a single stage ending in a symmetric inverted-T scar. The overall complication rate was 20 percent, with four cases (13 percent) complicated by severe, extensive necrosis of the skin flaps requiring implant removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast cancer treatment must nowadays optimize cosmetic results. This can be accomplished in selected cases by means of a single-stage operation that the authors call "skin-reducing mastectomy." The final scars imitate those of cosmetic surgery. Careful patient selection and improvement in the learning curve may reduce the complication rate.
authors.affiliation: Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. nava@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: Maurizio B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cortinovis
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ottolenghi
authors.forename: Egidio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riggio
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pennati
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catanuto
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Guidubaldo Querci Della
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Rovere
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000209:etiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D062109:Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; D020878:Device Removal; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D020034:Silicone Gels; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020034:Silicone Gels