title: Reference values for the timed up and go test: a descriptive meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is widely employed in the examination of elders, but definitive normative reference values are lacking. This meta-analysis provided such values by consolidating data from multiple studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies reporting TUG times for apparently healthy elders were identified through the on-line search of bibliographic databases. Study specifics and data were consolidated and examined for homogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis. The mean (95% confidence interval) TUG time for individuals at least 60 years of age was 9.4 (8.9-9.9) seconds. Although the data contributing to this mean were homogeneous, data for individuals who could be categorized by age were more homogeneous. The mean (95% confidence intervals) for 3 age groups were: 8.1 (7.1-9.0) seconds for 60 to 69 year olds, 9.2 (8.2-10.2) seconds for 70 to 79 years, and 11.3 (10.0-12.7) seconds for 80 to 99 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reference values presented, though obtained from studies with clear differences, provide a standard to which patient performance can be compared. Patients whose performance exceeds the upper limit of reported confidence intervals can be considered to have worse than average performance.
authors.affiliation: Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. ptconsultant@comcast.net
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bohannon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D012016:Reference Values