title: Interactions between bacteria and Cryptosporidium molnari in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) under farm and laboratory conditions.
abstract: The possible interaction of Cryptosporidium molnari and bacteria in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was studied. Epidemiological data from a pathological survey under farm conditions were analyzed. In addition, parasite and bacteria burdens were studied in experimental models in which naturally and experimentally parasitized fish were challenged with a particular strain of Vibrio harveyi (H57). All the bacteria species present were studied. Under farm conditions, the parasite was more prevalent when mortality or morbidity cases (study C) occurred than in randomly sampled fish (study B). In study C, parasite abundance was significantly higher in bacteria-negative fish, and total bacteria abundance was significantly higher within non-parasitized fish. V. harveyi and V. splendidus were the most prevalent among bacteria carriers in studies B and C, respectively. In study C, among bacteria carriers, most isolates were slightly more prevalent in parasitized than in non-parasitized fish. Two groups (G1, G2) of naturally parasitized fish were inoculated with H57 by intracoelomic injection (ICI) and by oral intubation (OI). H57 was recovered only in G1 inoculated fish, which had a significantly higher basal abundance of total bacteria, and where the only ones with mortalities. In G1, the mortality rate and the prevalence of other V. harveyi strains different from the H57 molecular type were higher in ICI than in OI fish, and the total bacteria abundance was also significantly higher in ICI fish. C. molnari abundance was significantly higher in G1 than in G2, and also in OI than in ICI fish within G1. When H57 was IC inoculated to fish (G3, from the same farm as G2) experimentally infected with C. molnari, H57 was not recovered from any fish. A low mortality was recorded, and only in those fish inoculated with both pathogens. Also in these fish, the prevalence of infection of C. molnari was higher and histopathological damage to the stomach was greater than in fish inoculated only with the parasite. Therefore, the impact of the parasite would be reduced notably when the bacterial burden or the intensity of parasite infection are low (G2, G3).
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Torre de la Sal s/n, 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain. ariadna@iats.csic.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sitjà-Bobadilla
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pujalte
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Macián
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Pellitero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005398:Fisheries; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000469:parasitology; D013997:Time Factors; D014733:Vibrio / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*