title: Location as an important predictor of lymph node involvement for pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing data implicate histologic grade and radiographic appearance along with tumor size as key prognostic indicators for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. The impact of tumor location on prognosis has not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 530 consecutive patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma pathologically staged between June 1979 and July 2002 were reviewed. All patients had a preoperative computed tomographic scan of the chest and underwent surgical staging by mediastinoscopy, lymph node sampling, or lymph node dissection. Patients with bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma were excluded. Peripheral tumors were compared with central tumors with regard to stage and survival. A tumor was considered to be central if visualized within the inner third of the lung field or seen bronchoscopically. Patients with T1 cancers were further analyzed on the basis of tumor size. Survival was determined by the Kaplan-Meier analysis and comparisons were made by the log-rank method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Central tumors were more advanced and demonstrated a significantly (P < .0001) poorer survival than peripheral tumors (median 18 vs 39 months). Sixty percent of patients with central tumors had stage III or stage IV disease compared with 25% of those with peripheral tumors. Central T1 tumors, however, demonstrated a 50% incidence of lymph node involvement. Although the incidence of lymph node metastases increased incrementally with the size of peripheral T1 tumors, it remained 50% for central T1 tumors irrespective of size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor location for pulmonary adenocarcinoma should be considered when planning therapy. Central tumors have a high incidence of lymph node metastases (regardless of size) and a poorer prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Mass 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ketchedjian
authors.forename: Benedict D T
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Hiran C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Fernando
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Florin
authors.forename: Curtis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Shemin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate