Head and neck blocks in children: an anatomical and procedural review.
Children undergo a variety of neurosurgical, otorhinolaryngology and plastic surgery procedures to the head and neck. Although opioids are utilized for pain control, they are associated with adverse side effects including postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, somnolence and itching. The utilization of peripheral nerve blocks provides analgesia while reducing the need for opioids. This review will provide a summary of a variety of commonly used head and neck nerve blocks in children with a brief anatomical and technical summary.
Suresh
Santhanam
S
Pain Treatment Services, Children's Memorial Hospital, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 19, Chicago, IL 60614, USA. ssuresh@northwestern.edu
Voronov
Polina
P
D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*