Mitoxantrone-associated acute myelogenous leukemia in a patient with high-risk adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a case report and brief review.
BACKGROUND
Mitoxantrone, a topoisomerase II-targeted drug, is used to treat several conditions and is a Food and Drug Administration approved chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate.


METHODS
A 64-year-old male with high-risk prostate cancer was treated with adjuvant mitoxantrone (12 mg/meter2) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. Approximately 10 months after finishing therapy, he was diagnosed with an inv [16] Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML). Despite aggressive treatment and support, the patient had a rapidly fatal clinical course.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite its regular use in this setting, this is the first reported case of treatment-associated AML after mitoxantrone in prostate cancer.
Bowles
Daniel W
DW
Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA.
Flaig
Thomas W
TW
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008942:Mitoxantrone