title: Reproducibility and clinical significance of exercise-induced increases in cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide in endurance athletes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac troponins I and T and brain natriuretic peptide are the accepted standards to serologically identify myocardial necrosis and elevated wall stress. In addition, they allow risk stratification in cardiovascular patients. The clinical significance of increases in cardiac markers after strenuous endurance exercise in obviously healthy athletes is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore examined the reproducibility and clinical significance of exercise-induced increases in cardiac troponins I and T and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide after two standardized endurance exercise trials in healthy endurance athletes with prior competition-induced elevations of cardiac troponins (I, 0.08-1.93 mug/l; T, 0.01-0.56 mug/l).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male athletes (36+/-7 years; VO2max: 60+/-5 ml/min per kg) completed a 1-h and a 3-h exercise study (exercise intensities 100 and 75%, respectively, of the individual anaerobic threshold) on two different days in randomized order to determine cardiac markers before, 30 min and 3 h after exercise. In addition to pre- and post-exercise echocardiography including tissue Doppler imaging, delayed enhancement magnetic-resonance-imaging was performed after a 3-h exercise study to detect myocardial necrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A marginal increase in cardiac troponin I was documented after both exercise trials (from 0.02 to 0.03 mug/l; P < 0.001). Cardiac troponin T remained without significant changes. N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide increased by 9 and 30 ng/l after 1-h and 3-h exercise studies, respectively (P < 0.001). In contrast to cardiac troponins, increases in N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide after competition correlated with those after 1-h exercise study (rho = 0.88) and 3-h exercise-study (rho = 0.82). No pathologies were demonstrated by echocardiography or delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the missing reproducibilty and evidence of myocardial damage, exercise-induced increases in cardiac troponins may represent a physiologic reaction under special conditions and seem to be without pathological significance in healthy athletes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany. j.scharhag@mx.uni-saarland.de
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scharhag
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urhausen
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haschke
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kindermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000378:metabolism; D004452:Echocardiography; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019210:Troponin I / Q000378:metabolism*; D020107:Troponin T / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019210:Troponin I; D020107:Troponin T; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form