title: Clinically relevant oral cancer model for serum proteomic eavesdropping on the tumour microenvironment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum proteomics has enormous potential in the identification of biomarkers and the development of new therapies for oral cancer. Current efforts are limited by the lack of a control subject. The human-mouse chimeric model offers a solution.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test two orthotopic xenograft mouse models of human oral squamous cell carcinoma for research in serum proteomics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Advanced human oral cancer from three patients was implanted orthotopically into the tongues of 19 SCID and 4 RAG2/gamma(c) knockout (KO) mice. Adjacent normal tissue from each patient was also implanted into nine SCID and 4 RAG2/gamma(c) KO mice. The models were compared for tissue take, the presence of metastasis, and histologic invasiveness. Mouse serum was preserved for studies in serum proteomics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumour tissue was successfully implanted into SCID and RAG2/gamma(c) mice, and the invasiveness was confirmed pathologically. Three of the control mice demonstrated the persistence of normal tissue more than 1 month after implantation. This is the first time that this has been reported. The larger size of the RAG2/gamma(c) KO mouse facilitated serum collection for serum proteomics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both RAG2/gamma(c) KO and SCID mouse are able to reliably engraft human oral cancer. Engraftment of normal oral tissue was less reliable. This is the first in vivo model allowing identification of proteins released from the tumour microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balys
authors.forename: Moulay
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alaoui-Jamali
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hier
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Domanowski
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rochon
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous