title: Measurement of inflammatory cytokines by multicytokine assay in tears of patients with glaucoma topically treated with chronic drugs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the ocular surface inflammatory response to chronic topical treatments in patients with glaucoma by measuring the cytokine level in tears using multiplex bead analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tear samples were collected from 21 patients with glaucoma and 12 healthy volunteers. Tears were analysed for the presence of 17 cytokines: interleukin (IL)1beta, IL2, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL8, IL10, IL12, IL13, IL17, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, interferon (INF)gamma, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha. The cytokines in each sample of tears were measured using multiplex bead analysis with microspheres as solid support for immunoassays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the tears of treated patients, proinflammatory cytokines (IL1beta, IL6, IL12, TNFalpha) were significantly increased compared with controls. T helper (Th)1 (INFgamma, IL2) and Th2 (IL5, IL10, IL4) type cytokines were also significantly higher (p<0.05); however, the most marked increase was observed with Th1 cytokines. The expression of chemokine IL8 and MCP1 was also increased in the treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by conjunctival cells is increased in response to topical treatments for glaucoma. The characterisation of cytokines in tears was previously limited by the small volume attainable, a limitation that has been overcome by multiplex analysis.
authors.affiliation: CHU Dijon, Service d'Ophtalmologie, 3 rue du Faubourg Raines, 21000 Dijon, France. laure.malvitte@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malvitte
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Montange
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vejux
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baudouin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Creuzot-Garcher
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lizard
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002354:Carteolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013666:Tears / Q000276:immunology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D008055:Lipids; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D011810:Quinoxalines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; D003008:Cloprostenol; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D000077338:Latanoprost; D013999:Timolol; D002354:Carteolol; C062765:dorzolamide; D000069580:Bimatoprost