title: Transcriptome of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to oral supplementation of type 2 Leprdb obese diabetic mice with niacin-bound chromium.
abstract: The effects of oral niacin-bound chromium (NBC) supplementation on the subcutaneous fat tissue of type 2 Lepr(db) obese diabetic mice were examined using high-density comprehensive mouse genome (45,101 probe sets) expression arrays. The influence of such supplementation on the plasma cardiovascular risk factors of these mice was also investigated. Supplementation of NBC had no significant effect on age-dependent weight gain in the Lepr(db) obese diabetic mice. However, NBC lowered total cholesterol (TC), TC-to-HDL ratio, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while increasing HDL cholesterol in the blood plasma. No effect of NBC supplementation was observed on fasting blood glucose levels. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed a significantly improved clearance of blood glucose between 1 and 2 h of glucose challenge in NBC-supplemented mice. Unbiased genome-wide interrogation demonstrated that NBC resulted in the upregulation of muscle-specific gene expression in the fat tissue. Genes encoding proteins involved in glycolysis, muscle contraction, muscle metabolism, and muscle development were specifically upregulated in response to NBC supplementation. Genes in the adipose tissue that were downregulated in response to NBC supplementation included cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor (CIDEA) and uncoupling protein-1, which represent key components involved in the thermogenic role of brown adipose tissue and tocopherol transfer protein, the primary carrier of alpha-tocopherol to adipose tissue. The observation that CIDEA-null mice are resistant to obesity and diabetes suggests that the inhibitory role of NBC on CIDEA expression was favorable. Further studies testing the molecular basis of NBC function and long-term outcomes are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Sashwati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Savita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Trenton
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: Chandan K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001786:Blood Glucose; C112510:Cidea protein, mouse; D007473:Ion Channels; D008055:Lipids; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1; D002857:Chromium; D009525:Niacin; D002784:Cholesterol