title: Activation of the chicken Ig-beta locus by the collaboration of scattered regulatory regions through changes in chromatin structure.
abstract: A total of 10 B-lymphocyte-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites located in the chicken Ig-beta locus were divided into four regions and combinations of deletions of these regions were carried out. A decrease in transcription of the Ig-beta gene to <3% was demonstrated in cells with deletions in all four regions. The Ig-beta chromatin was resistant to DNase I digestion in these cells. Thus, the collaboration is shown to convert the Ig-beta chromatin from the condensed state to a relaxed state. H3 and H4 acetylation decreased to <8% but H3K4 hypermethylation was observed at the Ig-beta promoter and exon 3. The collaboration of four regions had virtually no effect on CG hypomethylation in the region upstream the transcriptional start site. Accordingly, neither the DNase I general sensitive state in the Ig-beta chromatin nor hyperacetylation of H3 and H4 histones in the promoter proximal region causes H3K4 di-methylation or CG hypomethylation in the promoter. From these analyses, a chromatin situation was found in which both an active state, such as enhanced H3K4 methylation, or CG hypomethylation, and an inactive state, such as DNase I resistance in the Ig-beta chromatin or hypoacetylation of H3 and H4 histones in the Ig-beta locus, coexist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsudo
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osano
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Buerstedde
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kozue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayahara
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torihata
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D051925:CD79 Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D005091:Exons; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008745:Methylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D051925:CD79 Antigens; D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I