title: Local and distant burn injury alter immuno-inflammatory gene expression in skeletal muscle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe burn trauma mediates immune dysfunction, infection, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. We are investigating the immuno-inflammatory response by characterizing gene expression changes in skeletal muscle after local and distant burn injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male CD1 mice in three experimental groups, control (unburned), hind limb (local burn), and 30% total body surface area (distant burn), were killed between 6 hours and 10 days postburn; and changes in gastrocnemius muscle global gene expression were assessed using microarrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 35 immuno-inflammatory genes are differentially expressed in both models, with an additional 20 and 30 genes specific to distant and local burn, respectively. These genes encode chemokines, oxidative-stress, complement, and defense/immune functions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Burn mediates a common systemic response, independent of the site or extent of injury, and also specific responses to local versus distant trauma. A transcriptome profile of genes that initiate and sustain systemic inflammation has been identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Burns, Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Katie E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Padfield
authors.forename: Qunhao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gopalan
authors.forename: A Aria
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tzika
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Mindrinos
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tompkins
authors.forename: Laurence G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rahme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000293:injuries; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011897:Random Allocation; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*