title: No association between the polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 promoter regions and colorectal cancer in Chinese.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 are implicated in all steps of cancer initiation, invasion, and metastasis. Recently, several genetic studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-1-1607 ins/delG (1G/2G) polymorphism and matrix metalloproteinase-3-1612 ins/delA (5A/6A) polymorphism modify each transcriptional activity in allele-specific manners. In this study, we investigated whether these functional polymorphisms are associated with colorectal cancer in a Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genotypings were performed on 126 pathologically diagnosed colorectal cancer patients and 126 age-matched and gender-matched controls by polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis or restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distributions of the matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genotypes in healthy control subjects were inconsistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Neither the genotype frequencies nor allele frequencies of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 polymorphisms showed significant difference from those in healthy control subjects. There also were no significant associations between matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genotypes and clinicopathologic features. When we examined the linkage disequilibrium between these two single nucleotide polymorphisms using expectation-maximization algorithm, we found that the two single nucleotide polymorphisms were in a strong linkage disequilibrium, but no significant difference was found in haplotype distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present data suggest that the matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 promoter polymorphisms may not be useful markers to predicate susceptibility of colorectal cancer in Chinese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Center for Environmental Genomics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, China.
authors.forename: Enping
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Maode
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Bingjian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lŭ
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1