title: Combined staged procedures for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aneurysms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of a staged approach for the treatment of thoracoabdominal aneurysms, with open visceral revascularization followed by aortic endografting, in selected patients not considered candidates for conventional surgical repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of 13 consecutive patients (8 women; mean age 64 years, range 33-77) who underwent visceral bypass followed by endovascular thoracoabdominal stent-graft implantation since 1999. Three patients presented with symptomatic aneurysms and 2 with rupture. Two patients had connective tissue disorders. All patients were deemed unfit for conventional thoracoabdominal repair due to comorbid conditions. The procedures were tailored to the pathology and specific patient anatomical situation: 5 aortic dissections with aneurysmal degeneration and 8 aneurysms (5 Crawford type II, 2 type III, and 1 type IV).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients underwent retrograde visceral bypass (11 iliovisceral and 2 infrarenal aortic to visceral artery) followed by endovascular aortic relining with Zenith TX2 devices (n=7), homemade endografts (n=5), or a Talent thoracic endograft (n=1). Six patients required either a proximal or distal direct aortic repair (2 infrarenal reconstructions, 3 arch elephant trunk grafts, and 1 ascending aortic repair), while 3 patients also underwent left carotid-subclavian bypass grafting. Two patients developed paraplegia (1 following a ruptured aneurysm), and 2 patients had transient paraparetic events. Two patients had acute renal failure requiring short-term dialysis. Three patients died within 30 days; 2 late aneurysm-related deaths were noted. Three patients developed endoleaks during follow-up. Mean lengths of stay were 13 days (7-30) for the visceral bypass and 12 (3-25) for the endovascular stent-graft. In addition, remaining procedures in 8 patients required a mean of 7 days (0-14) in hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staged endovascular and open procedures are feasible for thoracoabdominal aneurysms in patients at prohibitive risk for open thoracoabdominal reconstruction. However, this approach still carries a significant risk of perioperative mortality and morbidity. The potential for less invasive alternatives should be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 42195, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Resch
authors.forename: Roy K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyden
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Clair
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.forename: Vikram S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Kashyap
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Lars G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ouriel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D001027:Aortography; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000401:mortality; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*