title: Experimental therapy of prostate cancer with an immunomodulatory oligonucleotide: effects on tumor growth, apoptosis, proliferation, and potentiation of chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was designed to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel immunomodulatory oligonucleotide (IMO) for prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effects of the IMO in xenograft (PC-3) and syngeneic (TRAMP C1) models of prostate cancer, and in prostate cancer cells. The IMO was also evaluated in combination with chemotherapy, and the in vitro expression of TLR9 was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IMO had significant anti-tumor activity in both prostate cancer models and almost complete tumor regression was observed when the IMO was combined with taxotere or gemcitabine. TLR9 mRNA and protein were both expressed in prostate cancer cells. The IMO also induced apoptosis and decreased proliferation and survival of PC-3 cells in vitro in the presence of Lipofectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IMO inhibits prostate cancer growth in vivo and in vitro, and potentiates the effects of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. This is the first report of TLR9 expression in prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0019, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Rayburn
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ruiwen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D043823:Taxoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043823:Taxoids; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; C020888:1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine; D000093542:Gemcitabine