title: Detection of NaCl and KCl in TRPV1 knockout mice.
abstract: Both amiloride-sensitive and -insensitive mechanisms contribute to NaCl taste transduction. The amiloride-sensitive mechanism relies on the epithelial Na(+) channel ENaC, which is widely expressed on the apical membrane of fungiform taste cells. The amiloride-insensitive mechanism, which predominates in circumvallate and foliate taste buds, was recently reported to involve a variant of the nonselective cation channel TRPV1. We performed 2-bottle preference and threshold experiments with TRPV1 knockout mice and wild-type (C57BL/6J) controls to test for NaCl preference and detection thresholds in the presence and absence of amiloride. Surprisingly, TRPV1 knockout mice not only detected NaCl in the presence of amiloride but they preferred NaCl over water at concentrations avoided by the wild-type mice. NaCl detection thresholds were between 2 and 3 mM for both genotypes. Amiloride increased the detection thresholds of wild-type mice but not knockout mice. The knockout mice also preferred 100 mM KCl compared with wild-type controls, suggesting that TRPV1 receptors may mediate a general aversive response to salts. Analyses of consumption data also revealed that TRPV1 knockout mice ingested more of the NaCl, with and without amiloride, and KCl solutions than the wild-type mice. However, comparisons of preference ratios and consumption volumes indicated that both wild-type and TRPV1 knockout mice avoided citric acid in quite a similar manner, suggesting that TRPV1 receptors do not mediate the detection of citric acid. These data, taken together, suggest that additional mechanisms must contribute to the amiloride-insensitive NaCl response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. sue.kinnamon@colostate.edu
authors.forename: Collin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutknecht
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delay
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinnamon
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013652:Taste Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493921:TRPV1 protein, mouse; D019343:Citric Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D000584:Amiloride