title: Assessing war trauma in refugees: properties of the Comprehensive Trauma Inventory-104.
abstract: In this article, the authors describe the properties of the Comprehensive Trauma Inventory-104 (CTI-104), developed and designed empirically to improve assessment of traumatic war-related events. The mean number of events reported by 252 community dwelling Kurdish and Vietnamese refugees was 32 (SD=27) out of the 104 items. Internal and test-retest reliability was excellent, and the validity of the CTI-104 as a measure of war trauma was supported by its high correlation with standard measures of known outcomes of trauma. The CTI-104 is reliable and valid, and assesses a broader range of traumatic war-related events in a broader range of refugees than currently available instruments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. m.hollifield@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hollifield
authors.forename: Teddy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Janis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Nityamo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinclair-Lian
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krakow
authors.forename: Valorie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Pary
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karadaghi
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westermeyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000208:ethnology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology; D014857:Warfare