title: Carrageenan/MIV-150 (PC-815), a combination microbicide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this article is to study the effect of PC-815, a novel combination microbicide containing carrageenan and the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) MIV-150, in blocking HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in vitro as compared with Carraguard alone.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to develop a combination microbicide that is more efficacious than Carraguard against HIV-1 and HIV-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  The microtiter syncytial assay was used to evaluate: 1) the antiviral and virucidal activity of MIV-150 against HIV-1MN; 2) the additive effect of MIV-150 when combined with carrageenan; and 3) a possible interference of seminal fluid in the antiviral activity of these compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIV-150 effectively inactivated free virus. Combination of MIV-150 and Carraguard demonstrated an additive antiviral effect. Seminal fluid had no effect on the antiviral activity of MIV-150 or Carraguard. The average concentration that blocks 50% of infection (EC50) for PC-815 was approximately 10 times stronger than Carraguard for the different clinical isolates used in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theoretically, PC-815 is likely to be a more efficacious microbicide than Carraguard.
authors.affiliation: Population Council, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernández-Romero
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: Stuart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Turville
authors.forename: Kanani
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Titchen
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudol
authors.forename: Jifan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robbiani
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Buckheit
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044723:Chondrus; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; C510296:MIV 150; D011725:Pyridines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D014508:Urea; D002351:Carrageenan