title: A clinical review of 128 cases of head and neck tuberculosis presenting over a 10-year period in Bradford, UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis of head and neck tuberculosis (TB).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a 10-year retrospective study of all cases of tuberculosis of the head and neck region occurring in Bradford, UK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 1315 cases of TB, 128 presented with head and neck TB (12 per cent of which (15/128) were in children). Cervical lymph nodes were most commonly involved (87 per cent, 111/128), other sites being: salivary glands (five cases); larynx, oral cavity, eyes and ears (two cases each); and skin, thyroid, nasopharynx and retropharyngeal space (one case each). Patients' ethnic origins were Asian (89 per cent, 114/128), Caucasian (10 per cent, 13/128) and African (one case). Only 26 per cent (33/128) had constitutional symptoms, and 20 per cent (25/128) had a coexistent site of TB. Only 39 per cent (40/105) of surgical specimens were sent for culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isolated head and neck TB is not uncommon. Atypical presentations render diagnosis challenging, so awareness aids early diagnosis. Mycobacterial cultures should be performed, where possible, for diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bem
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gouldesbrough
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Strachan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009305:Nasopharynx; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014382:Tuberculosis, Cutaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014387:Tuberculosis, Laryngeal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D014393:Tuberculosis, Oral / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology