title: Developmental activation of the lysozyme gene in chicken macrophage cells is linked to core histone acetylation at its enhancer elements.
abstract: Native chromatin IP assays were used to define changes in core histone acetylation at the lysozyme locus during developmental maturation of chicken macrophages and stimulation to high-level expression by lipo-polysaccharide. In pluripotent precursors the lysozyme gene (Lys) is inactive and there is no acetylation of core histones at the gene, its promoter or at the upstream cis-control elements. In myeloblasts, where there is a very low level of Lys expression, H4 acetylation appears at the cis-control elements but not at the Lys gene or its promoter: neither H3 nor H2B become significantly acetylated in myeloblasts. In mature macrophages, Lys expression increases 5-fold: H4, H2B and H2A.Z are all acetylated at the cis-control elements but H3 remains unacetylated except at the -2.4 S silencer. Stimulation with LPS increases Lys expression a further 10-fold: this is accompanied by a rise in H3 acetylation throughout the cis-control elements; H4 and H2B acetylation remain substantial but acetylation at the Lys gene and its promoter remains low. Acetylation is thus concentrated at the cis-control elements, not at the Lys gene or its immediate promoter. H4 acetylation precedes H3 acetylation during development and H3 acetylation is most directly linked to high-level Lys expression.
authors.affiliation: Biophysics Laboratories, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lefevre
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mantouvalou
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonifer
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: Colyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crane-Robinson
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D042381:Granulocyte Precursor Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009113:Muramidase