title: Changes of colour and carotenoids contents during high intensity pulsed electric field treatment in orange juices.
abstract: Liquid chromatography (LC) was the method chosen to evaluate the effects of high intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF), with different electric field intensities (25, 30, 35 and 40 kV/cm) and different treatment times (30-340 micros), on orange juice cis/trans carotenoid contents. In parallel, a conventional heat treatment (90 degrees C, 20 s) was applied to the orange juice in order to compare the effect on the carotenoid contents. HIPEF processing of orange juice is an alternative to the thermal treatment of pasteurization, provided that it is kept refrigerated, because, when the most extreme conditions of this kind of treatment are applied, the decrease in the concentration of carotenoids with vitamin A activity is very small, and also most of the carotenoids identified have a slightly increased concentration after application of the most intense treatments, although always less than in untreated fresh juice. In any case, pasteurization treatment causes a greater decrease in the concentration of most of the carotenoids identified and the carotenoids with vitamin A activity. The total carotenoid concentration decreased by 12.6% in pasteurized orange juice with respect to untreated fresh orange juice, as opposed to decreases of 9.6%, 6.3% or 7.8% when fields of 25, 30 or 40 kV/cm were applied. Orange juice treated with HIPEF shows a greater tendency towards the colour yellow and a lesser tendency towards red with respect to untreated orange juice, while the luminance of the juice remains practically invariable. This tendency is less than in pasteurized orange juice.
authors.affiliation: Area de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cortés
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torregrosa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frígola
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D003116:Color; D004560:Electricity; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002338:Carotenoids