title: Keratometry, biometry and prediction of intraocular lens power in the equine eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine ocular dimensions (A- and B-scan ultrasound) and corneal curvature (radius of corneal diameter determined in B-scan ultrasound) in the equine eye and to calculate the appropriate dioptric power for a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) necessary to achieve emmetropia in the eyes of horses undergoing lens extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen clinically normal adult horses of various breeds. Additionally, for comparison, one American Miniature colt foal, and one 2.5-year-old Shire gelding were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  B-scan ultrasound was performed on one eye from each horse. One eye from both the Shire and the American Miniature were examined for comparison. Data from ultrasound (globe measurements and corneal curvature), and the estimated postoperative IOL positions were entered into theoretical IOL formulas (Binkhorst and Retzlaff theoretical formulas) in order to calculate the predicted IOL strength required to achieve emmetropia after lens extraction in horses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean axial length of globes was 39.23 mm +/- 1.26 mm, mean preoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) was 5.63 +/- 0.86 mm, and mean lens thickness was 11.75 +/- 0.80 mm. Predicted postoperative ACD (PACD) was calculated as the ACD plus 50% of the lens thickness. Additionally, PACD 2 mm anterior and 2 mm posterior to the center of the lens were calculated in order to evaluate the effect of IOL position on its required refractive power. Required IOL strength calculated, using the three values for the predicted postoperative ACD, was 29.91 D +/- 2.50, 29 D +/- 2.52 (center of lens); 27.13 D +/- 2.27, 26.33 D +/- 2.20 (2 mm anterior to center of lens); and 33.18 D +/- 2.78, 32.24 D +/- 2.68 (2 mm posterior to center of lens) with the Binkhorst and Retzlaff theoretical formulas, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An IOL of substantially lower diopter strength than that needed in either dogs or cats is required to achieve emmetropia after lens extraction in adult horses. IOL strength of approximately 30 D, depending on where the IOL ultimately comes to rest, will probably be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McMullen
authors.forename: Brian C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gilger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001699:Biometry; D002386:Cataract / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000662:veterinary; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D014463:Ultrasonography