title: Tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil improved natural killer lymphocyte reconstitution one year after kidney transplant by reference to cyclosporine/azathioprine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently introduced immunosuppressive drugs are more potent to control graft rejection, but current concerns are raised regarding their potential to increase long-term neoplastic and infectious complications. Considering the role of B, T, or natural killer (NK) lymphocyte in controlling alloreactive, anti-infectious, and antitumoral immune responses, we compared the impact of two immunosuppressive regimens on lymphocyte subsets one year following kidney transplant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate regression analysis of variables affecting lymphocyte subset counts was retrospectively performed on 91 kidney-transplanted patients, analyzed before graft, at day 15 and 1-year postgraft. These patients were included in a randomized prospective open trial comparing tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil (FK/MMF) versus cyclosporine/azathioprine (CSA/Aza), both used in association with rabbit antithymocyte globulines (rATG) induction and prednisone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen days postgraft, severe T and NK lymphocyte depletion were observed in all patients, while B cell counts were selectively higher in the FK/MMF group as compared to before graft. One-year posttransplant, NK cell counts and NK cell cytotoxicity was significantly higher in patients receiving FK/MMF therapy, as compared to CSA/Aza. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during the first year posttransplant was also associated to higher NK, CD8, and CD4CD8 T cell counts at month 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to its higher potential in preventing graft rejection, we show that after one year of transplant, FK/MMF better preserves NK innate immune effector cells and their cytotoxic potential. These data prompt to further evaluate the role of NK cells in relation to antiviral and tumoral surveillance of transplanted patients, which are common complications of long-term immunosuppression.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation Unit, Hôpital Conception, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vacher-Coponat
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moal
authors.forename: Andersen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loundou
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lyonnet
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravet
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sampol-Manos
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sampol
authors.forename: Yvon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berland
authors.forename: Françoise Dignat
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D001379:Azathioprine; D016559:Tacrolimus