title: Periodontal infection and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetics: association with increased HMG-CoA reductase expression.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested that the periodontal disease, chronic sub-clinical inflammation, is associated with atherosclerosis, although "cause or effect" relationship is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the degree of periodontal infection and lipid profiles in diabetic subjects. Additionally, the association of such sub-clinical inflammation with HMG-CoA reductase gene expression was evaluated. One hundred and thirty-one non-obese relatively well-controlled Japanese type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled for the study. Although no significant association was observed between serum triglycerides, HLD-cholesterol and antibody titer to Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), the most predominant periodontal pathogen in adults, LDL-cholesterol was significantly associated with antibody titer to Pg. Concomitantly, the same works out to be true for total cholesterol. To understand the possible mechanisms underlying this association, we evaluated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase gene expression in cultured HepG2 cells stimulated by either bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or inflammatory cytokines. Although Pg and E. coli LPS had no effect on HMG-CoA reductase gene expression, both tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6), especially IL-6 at low concentration, markedly up-regulated HMG-CoA reductase gene expression. It can be concluded that Pg infection is associated with increased LDL-cholesterol in diabetic subjects, which may be accompanied by increased cholesterol synthesis by inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Patho-physiology/Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan. fusanori@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi-Morimoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokeguchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuroe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016866:Bacteroidaceae Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases