title: The genetic basis of inherited primary nocturnal enuresis: A UAE study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nocturnal enuresis is defined as involuntary emptying of the bladder in the absence of an organic cause in a child aged 5 years or older. Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is the term used if the child has never been dry. Of several factors implicated in the etiology of PNE, genetic factors appear to be the strongest. In about 75% of affected children, there is a strong family history. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic basis of nocturnal enuresis among children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chromosomes 12 and 13 were genotyped in all family members of 10 affected children in four large families. Linkage to earlier reported microsatellite markers on these two chromosomes was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the four families examined, we did not find evidence for linkage to the two loci reported previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among UAE children examined, no linkage was found between PNE and the loci reported previously on chromosomes 12 and 13, indicating further genetic heterogeneity in PNE.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. bayoumi@squ.edu.om
authors.forename: Riad A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bayoumi
authors.forename: Valsamma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Yahyaee
authors.forename: Hameeda S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Al Barwani
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Lihadh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al Gazali
mesh_terms: D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 / Q000235:genetics*; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000276:immunology; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D014479:United Arab Emirates / Q000453:epidemiology