title: Multilocus sequence typing of hospital-associated Enterococcus faecium from Brazil reveals their unique evolutionary history.
abstract: We studied the genetic relationships between vancomycin-susceptible (n = 11) and -resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE, n = 20) recovered from Brazil using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme. Grouping of allelic profiles revealed six clusters of related sequence types (STs) that differ in no more than two of the seven alleles. Of these, one cluster harbored 16 of the 20 isolates recovered during the first VRE outbreak in Brazil. The ampicillin and gentamicin resistance profiles were stable in the isolates that clustered within the groups I-III. Comparison with the allelic profiles of 139 E. faecium from different geographical regions and origins found in the international database http://www.mlst.net revealed that the Brazilian outbreak clone did not cluster in the previously named complex-17. This genetic complex contains hospital epidemic and clinical isolates recovered from different countries and continents. Twenty two of the 31 Brazilian isolates, including the VRE outbreak clone, clustered apart from the E. faecium isolates from the database, suggesting that these Brazilian isolates have a distinct evolutionary history.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. titze@unb.br
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Titze-de-Almeida
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Van Belkum
authors.forename: Maria Sueli Soares
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: Rosemeire C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Janetta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Top
authors.forename: Rob J L
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins