Measuring expressed emotion: an evaluation of the shortcuts.
The construct of expressed emotion (EE) is a highly reliable and valid predictor of poor clinical outcomes in patients with major psychopathology. Patients are at early risk for relapse if they live with family members who are classified as high in EE. Conventionally, EE is assessed with the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), a semistructured interview that is conducted with the patient's key relatives. Unfortunately, training in the CFI is difficult to obtain. The CFI is also time-consuming to administer and labor intensive to rate. In this article, the authors discuss alternative ways of assessing EE. They also evaluate the predictive validity of these measures and make recommendations for researchers and clinicians interested in using these assessments.
Hooley
Jill M
JM
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. jmh@wjh.harvard.edu
Parker
Holly A
HA
D001290:Attitude; D019260:Expressed Emotion / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors