title: Apparent suppression of MMP-9 activity by GD1a as determined by gelatin zymography.
abstract: Gelatin zymography is widely used to detect and evaluate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. MMP-9 transcription was previously shown to be negatively regulated by ganglioside GD1a [D. Hu, Z. Man, T. Xuan, P. Wang, T. Takaku, S. Hyuga, X.S. Yao, T. Sato, S. Yamagata, T. Yamagata, Ganglioside GD1a regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in mouse FBJ cell Lines: GD1a suppression of MMP-9 expression stimulated by PI3K-Akt and p38 though not by the Erk signaling pathway, 2006, submitted for publication.]. Zymography of MMP-9 of FBJ-M5 cells preincubated with GD1a indicated a greater decrease in activity than expected from mRNA suppression. Incubation of conditioned medium containing MMP-9 with GD1a caused MMP-9 activity to decrease. Examination was thus made to confirm that MMP-9 activity is actually suppressed and/or MMP-9 protein undergoes degradation by GD1a. GD1a was found to have no effect on MMP-9 activity and Western blots indicated GD1a not to diminish MMP-9 during electrophoresis under reducing conditions. GD1a appeared to mediate the binding of a portion of MMP-9 with certain molecules, with consequently greater molecular mass on the gel, to cause decrease in the activity of MMP-9 at the site where it would normally appear. Caution should be used in doing gelatin zymography since molecules other than GD1a may similarly work, causing decrease in MMP-9 activity in zymography.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Tumor Biology and Glycobiology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Sadako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005732:Gangliosides; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; C021298:ganglioside, GD1a; D005780:Gelatin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9