title: Suppression of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase is essential to the Wnt/cGMP/Ca2+ pathway.
abstract: Novel downstream effectors sensing changes in intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ and cyclic GMP in response to activation of the Wnt/Frizzled-2 pathway were sought. Activation of Frizzled-2 suppressed protein kinase G activity while activating NF-AT-dependent transcription. Each of these responses was abolished by pertussis toxin and by knock-down of the expression of either Galphat2 or Galphao. Activation of NF-AT-dependent transcription in response to Wnt5a stimulation was suppressed by activation of protein kinase G and by buffering intracellular Ca2+. Elevation of intracellular cyclic GMP either by inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase or by addition of 8-bromocyclic GMP was shown to activate protein kinase G, to block Ca2+ mobilization, as well as to markedly attenuate activation of NF-AT-dependent transcription in response to Wnt5a stimulation. Chemical inhibition of protein kinase G by Rp-8-pCPT-cGMP, conversely, was shown to provoke increased NF-AT gene transcription and Ca2+ mobilization in the absence of Wnt stimulation. Protein kinase G is shown to be a critical downstream effector of the noncanonical Wnt-Frizzled-2/cGMP/Ca2+ pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hsien-yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D051157:Frizzled Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein
chemical_list: D051157:Frizzled Receptors; C489743:Fzd2 protein, mouse; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D000071818:Wnt-5a Protein; C438615:Wnt5a protein, mouse; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D002118:Calcium