title: Delayed secretory pathway contributions to VLDL-triglycerides from plasma NEFA, diet, and de novo lipogenesis in humans.
abstract: Newly synthesized triglyceride (TG) may exit the liver immediately as VLDL-TG or be stored and secreted after a delay. We quantified the contributions from plasma NEFA, diet, and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) to VLDL-TG via immediate and delayed pathways in five lean, normolipidemic subjects; six obese, hypertriglyceridemic (HPTG) nondiabetics; and six obese, HPTG diabetics. Intravenous [(2)H(31)]palmitate and [1-(13)C(1)] acetate and oral [(2)H(35)]stearate were administered for 30 h preceding an overnight fast. [1,2,3,4-(13)C(4)]palmitate was infused during the subsequent 12 h fast. Contributions from plasma NEFA via the immediate pathway were 64 +/- 15, 33 +/- 6, and 58 +/- 2% in control, HPTG, and diabetic HPTG, respectively. Delayed pool fractional contributions were as follows: dietary FA, 2.0 +/- 0.9, 2.5 +/- 1, and 12 +/- 2%; DNL, 3 +/- 0.3, 14 +/- 3, and 13 +/- 4%; delayed NEFA, 15 +/- 4, 20 +/- 4, and 30 +/- 3%. VLDL-TG production rates and absolute input rates from the delayed pool were significantly higher in HPTG and diabetic HPTG than in controls. In conclusion, we provide direct kinetic evidence for a hepatic TG storage pool in humans and document its metabolic sources. The turnover time and sources of this pool differ in diabetic HPTG and nondiabetic HPTG, with potential therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vedala
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Neese
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Marc K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hellerstein
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C030106:very low density lipoprotein triglyceride