title: Use of Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to screen PTPN21: no association with Graves' disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The protein-tyrosine-phosphate nonreceptor 22 gene (PTPN22) has recently been identified as a susceptibility locus for a number of autoimmune diseases including Graves' disease (GD). PTPN21 is another member of the PTPN family and its gene PTPN21 maps to the first reported region of genetic linkage to GD, GD-1, on chromosome 14q31. The aim of this study was to determine whether PTPN21 is acting as a GD susceptibility locus in UK Caucasian subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control association study of seven Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1469602, rs8007288, rs1998670, rs11622270, rs2274736, rs2295136 and rs366476) selected to predict 51 un-genotyped polymorphisms present within PTPN21.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unrelated Caucasian patients of UK origin with GD and ethnically and gender matched control subjects with no family history of autoimmune disease were recruited. In total, DNA was obtained from 768 GD patients and 768 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association of any of the seven Tag SNPs was detected with GD. Preliminary evidence of association of rs2274736 was found with younger age of GD onset (0-30 years) (OR = 1. 48 [95% CI = 1.11-1.97]). No other correlations with clinical phenotype or previously established susceptibility loci were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a Tag SNP approach we screened PTPN21 as a susceptibility locus for GD and found no evidence for association with disease. Preliminary evidence for association of rs2274736 with younger age of GD onset requires replication in similar sized data sets to exclude a false positive result. Methods such as the Tag SNP approach significantly reduce the amount of genotyping required when screening candidate loci, including those within regions of chromosomal linkage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zeitlin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Heward
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Franklyn
authors.forename: S C L
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gough
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Simmonds
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005091:Exons; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C516765:PTPN22 protein, human; D054596:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases