title: Health responses of New York City firefighter spouses and their families post-September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.
abstract: Much attention has been focused on New York City firefighters and their responses to the traumatic events of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, given their extensive involvement in rescue efforts, and the overwhelming loss of life among the fire department employees. It quickly became evident that the impact of this horrendous event had resonated deeply not only on the families and children of the firefighters who gave their lives, but also on those who had survived. The goal of this study was to conduct semi-structured focus groups of women whose firefighter husbands were directly involved in rescue efforts at Ground Zero. We hoped to identify patterns in survivors' responses to the events as well as any coping mechanisms that the participants used to manage their exposure to the tragedy. An analysis of transcripts from interviews reveals the nature and extent of the impact of the trauma on these women, their husbands, and their children. There were two recurring themes that were apparent from the interview data. Women used patterns of connectedness to other spouses to cope with the emotional impact of the event. In addition, participants reported a constant need to be vigilant in helping their families cope. Issues related to the family's physical, mental, and spiritual health in the context of nursing practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Queensborough Community College, City University of New York, Bayside, NY 11364, USA. amenendez@qcc.cuny.edu
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Menendez
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.forename: Maryann Corrigan
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Magaldi
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D005390:Fires / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008393:Marriage / Q000523:psychology; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing; D002666:Psychology, Child; D036301:Qualitative Research; D018635:Rescue Work; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce