title: Renin-angiotensin system genes and exercise training-induced changes in sodium excretion in African American hypertensives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensinogen (ACT) genotypes could predict changes in urinary sodium excretion in response to short-term aerobic exercise training (AEX).
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the University of Maryland at College Park and at Baltimore, and the University of Pittsburgh General Clinical Research Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 (age 53 +/- 2 years) sedentary, hypertensive (146 +/- 2/88 +/- 2 mm Hg) African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aerobic exercise training (AEX) consisted of seven or eight consecutive days, 50 minutes per day, at 65% of heart rate reserve. Participants underwent a 24-hour period of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring and urine collection at baseline and 14-18 hours after the last exercise session.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiotensiongen (AGT) M235T and ACE I/D genotype and sodium excretion and ambulatory BP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average sodium excretion for the entire group independent of genotype increased after AEX (108 +/- 9 vs 143 +/- 12 mEq/day, P=.003). Sodium excretion significantly increased after exercise training in the ACE II (114 +/- 22 vs 169 +/- 39 mEq/day, P=.04), but not in the ID (100 +/- 8 vs 133 +/- 17 mEq/day, P=.12) or DD (113 +/- 18 vs 138 +/- 11 mEq/day, P=.13) genotype groups. In the II genotype group, the increase in sodium excretion was significantly and inversely correlated with decreases in 24-hour diastolic (r= -.88, P=.02) and mean (r= -.95, P=.004) BP. The ACT TT and MT+MM genotype groups similarly increased their sodium excretion by 34 +/- 16 (P=.05) and 37 +/- 17 (P=.05) mEq/day respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that African American hypertensives with the ACE II genotype may be more susceptible to sodium balance and BP changes with exercise training compared with those with the ID and DD genotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, USA. jennifer.jones@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jung-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vizcaino
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obisesan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000235:genetics; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D012964:Sodium; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A