Waste water disinfection during SARS epidemic for microbiological and toxicological control.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the disinfection of wastewater in China.


METHODS
During the SARS epidemic occurred in Beijing, a study of different disinfection methods used in the main local wastewater plants including means of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet was carried out in our laboratory. The residual coliform, bacteria and trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids were determined after disinfection.


RESULTS
Chlorine had fairly better efficiency on microorganism inactivation than chlorine dioxide with the same dosage. Formation of THMs and HAAs does not exceed the drinking water standard. UV irradiation had good efficiency on microorganism inactivation and good future of application in China. Organic material and ammonia nitrogen was found to be significant on inactivation and DBPs formation.


CONCLUSIONS
Chlorine disinfection seems to be the best available technology for coliform and bacteria inactivation. And it is of fairly low toxicological hazard due to the transformation of monochloramine.
Chen
Chao
C
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Zhang
Xiao-Jian
XJ
Wang
Yun
Y
Zhu
Ling-Xia
LX
Liu
Jing
J
D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002681:China; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology
D000085:Acetates; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010087:Oxides; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D002713:Chlorine; D010126:Ozone; D000641:Ammonia; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen