title: Intraobserver reliability of 4 physiologic movements of the shoulder in subjects with and without symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess intraobserver reliability of 4 physiologic movements of the shoulder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test-retest analyses. Blinded data entry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient department in National Health Service teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five asymptomatic volunteers and 45 subjects with shoulder symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), 95% confidence intervals, and standard error (SE) of measurements for bilateral measurements of shoulder flexion and abduction (gravity dependent inclinometer), shoulder external rotation (tape measure), and shoulder internal rotation (visual estimation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For subjects without symptoms, single measure ICC results ranged from .85 to .96; SE of measurement results for the angular movements ranged from 2.1 degrees to 2.8 degrees and for the linear measurements 1.1 to 1.6 cm. For subjects with symptoms, single measure ICC results ranged from .82 to .98; SE of measurement results for the angular movements ranged from 1.5 degrees to 13.3 degrees and for the linear measurements 1.3 to 1.6 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of painful shoulder flexion in the group of subjects with symptoms, the single-measure ICC results were very good to excellent and the highest SE of measurement values were 5.3 degrees for the angular measurements and 1.6 cm for the linear measurements. For clinicians involved in the management of subjects with shoulder symptoms, the SE of measurement results provide guidance as to the error associated with the individual measurements. Using the SE of measurement results, a clinician may determine if a clinically important change, be it negative or positive, has occurred as a result of any intervention offered.
authors.affiliation: Therapy Department, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology*