Cost effectiveness of changing health professionals' behavior: training dental hygienists in brief interventions for smokeless tobacco cessation.
OBJECTIVE
Disseminating effective interventions to health care professionals is a critical step in ensuring that patients receive needed advice and materials. This cost effectiveness analysis compared two methods of disseminating an effective protocol for smokeless tobacco cessation intervention.


METHODS
Interested dental hygienists (N = 1051) were recruited in 20 Western and Midwestern U.S. communities and randomized by community to receive workshop training, self-study with mailed materials, and delayed self-study training, in 1996-98. Hygienists were surveyed about their smokeless tobacco-related activities with patients at baseline and post-intervention. Data on intervention costs were collected, and incremental costs per unit of behavior change were calculated.


RESULTS
Self-study was more cost effective than workshop training under a wide range of assumptions: change in group versus individual behavior, hygienists' time and travel costs included or excluded, and hygienist wage rates at the national median or substantially lower. However, workshops may be as cost effective in producing behavior change among hygienists earning wages substantially higher than the national median.


CONCLUSIONS
Self-study may be a more cost effective method than workshops to achieve behavior change among motivated health professionals.
Akers
Laura
L
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR 94703, USA. lauraa@ori.org
Gordon
Judith S
JS
Andrews
Judy A
JA
Barckley
Maureen
M
Lichtenstein
Edward
E
Severson
Herbert H
HH
D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003376:Counseling; D003729:Dental Care / Q000592:standards*; D003756:Dental Hygienists / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D004517:Education, Professional / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011380:Programmed Instructions as Topic / Q000191:economics*; D013664:Teaching Materials / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D020340:Tobacco Use Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects; D014481:United States