title: Sexual violence inside prisons: rates of victimization.
abstract: People in prison are exposed to and experience sexual violence inside prisons, further exposing them to communicable diseases and trauma. The consequences of sexual violence follow the individual into the community upon release. This paper estimates the prevalence of sexual victimization within a state prison system. A total of 6,964 men and 564 women participated in a survey administered using audio-CASI. Weighted estimates of prevalence were constructed by gender and facility size. Rates of sexual victimization varied significantly by gender, age, perpetrator, question wording, and facility. Rates of inmate-on-inmate sexual victimization in the previous 6 months were highest for female inmates (212 per 1,000), more than four times higher than male rates (43 per 1,000). Abusive sexual conduct was more likely between inmates and between staff and inmates than nonconsensual sexual acts. Sexual violence inside prison is an urgent public health issue needing targeted interventions to prevent and ameliorate its health and social consequences, which spatially concentrate in poor inner-city areas where these individuals ultimately return.
authors.affiliation: Center for Mental Health Services & Criminal Justice Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. nwolff@ifh.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Blitz
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ronet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.forename: Jane A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011329:Prisoners / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011330:Prisons; D012737:Sex Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*