title: Excess in the spring and deficit in the autumn in birth rates of male schizophrenic patients in Italy: potential role of perinatal risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there were different seasonal variations of births in an Italian population of patients with schizophrenia, with other psychotic disorders, and with personality disorders than in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Birth dates of 1270 patients admitted to one university psychiatric unit in Rome between 1990 and 2003, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorder (OPD) and personality disorder/cluster A (PD) were analyzed according to seasonal variation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant excess of births in spring (with a peak in May) and a deficit in autumn (with a trough in October) was found in the sample of male schizophrenics (n = 506). No statistically significant variations were found in either the sample of female schizophrenics (n = 88) or in the combined sample with OPD and PD (n = 676).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings serve to strengthen the existing hypotheses that schizophrenia is related to environmental factors acting on the development of the central nervous system intrauterinely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Sciences and Psychological Medicine, III Psychiatric Clinic, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Italy. giuseppe.bersani@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bersani
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pucci
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gherardelli
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.forename: Iliana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bersani
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: Vidje
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pancheri
mesh_terms: D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D036801:Parturition; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012621:Seasons