title: Characteristics of fathers who have children with fetal alcohol syndrome or incomplete fetal alcohol syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine alcohol use, referrals to treatment, receiving treatment, and medical problems related to alcohol among fathers who have children with FAS or incomplete FAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fathers who had American Indian children with FAS (Study 1) or incomplete FAS (Study 2) were compared with fathers whose children did not have FAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About half of case and control fathers had alcohol use and alcohol-related medical problems documented in their medical records. Case fathers were more likely to receive alcohol treatment and have injuries related to alcohol abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significantly more fathers of children with FAS were referred for alcohol treatment, received alcohol treatment, experienced injuries, and had delirium tremens than control fathers. Fathers of children with incomplete FAS were significantly more likely to drink alcohol, to have received alcohol treatment, and to have alcohol-related medical problems and injuries than control fathers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Rural Health Improvement, Department of Family Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Valborg L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Kvigne
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Leondardson
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Welty
mesh_terms: D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016549:United States Indian Health Service; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000209:etiology