title: Safe reduction in administration of naloxone to newborn infants: an observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist, is widely used during neonatal resuscitation to reverse possible opiate-induced respiratory depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency with which naloxone is administered when resuscitation guidelines are conscientiously followed and to document any effect on respiratory morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Perinatal data including naloxone administration and respiratory morbidity were collected retrospectively, and compared with prospectively collected data following the introduction of "Good Practice" guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 500 deliveries in the retrospective arm of the study and 1000 deliveries in the prospective arm. Although a similar proportion of women received opiates in labour in the two periods of study, there was a marked reduction in the use of naloxone when the guidelines were introduced (11% of opiate-exposed deliveries compared to 0.2%). There was no significant effect on respiratory morbidity with the change in practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Naloxone is rarely needed to reverse the effects of opiates in newborn infants, and its use can be curtailed by following current resuscitation guidelines without increasing respiratory morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Martin House Hospice for Children and Young People, Wetherby, England, UK. debbiecbox@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Box
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cochran
mesh_terms: D003490:Cyanosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone