title: Switching between univalent task-sets in schizophrenia: ERP evidence of an anticipatory task-set reconfiguration deficit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study used behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) indices of task-switching to examine whether schizophrenia patients have a specific deficit in anticipatory task-set reconfiguration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants switched between univalent tasks in an alternating runs paradigms with blocked response-stimulus interval (RSI) manipulation (150, 300, 600, and 1200ms). Nineteen high functioning people with schizophrenia were compared to controls that were matched for age, gender, education and premorbid IQ estimate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Schizophrenia patients had overall increased RT, but no increase in corrected RT switch cost. In the schizophrenia group, ERPs showed reduced activation of the differential positivity in anticipation of switch trial at the optimal 600ms RSI and reduced activation of the frontal post-stimulus switch negativity at both 600 and 1200ms RSI compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite no behavioral differences in task switching performance, anticipatory and stimulus-triggered ERP indices of task-switching suggest group differences in processing of switch and repeat trials, especially at longer RSI conditions that for control participants provide opportunity for anticipatory activation of task-set reconfiguration processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are compatible with impaired implementation of endogenously driven processes in schizophrenia and greater reliance on external task cues, especially at long preparation intervals.
authors.affiliation: Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. frini.karayanidis@newcastle.edu.au
authors.forename: Frini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karayanidis
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meem
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fulham
authors.forename: Patricia T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Michie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*