Structure elucidation of the tetrahydrocannabinol complex with randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin.
The low aqueous solubility of the bioactive cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a serious obstacle for the development of more efficient administration forms. In this study the aqueous solubility of THC was tested in the presence of alpha-, beta- and gamma-CD, and randomly methylated beta-CD (RAMEB). It was found that only RAMEB was able to increase the aqueous solubility of THC to a significant level. A THC concentration of about 14 mg/ml was reached by using a 24% (187 mM) RAMEB solution, which means an increase in solubility of four orders of magnitude. The resulting THC/RAMEB complex was investigated through phase-solubility analysis, complemented by (1)H NMR, NOESY- and UV-studies in order to obtain details on the stoichiometry, geometry and thermodynamics of the complexation. The binding ratio of THC to CD was found to be 2:1, with the second THC molecule bound by non-inclusion interactions. Based on the obtained results a model for the complex structure is presented. Stability of the complex under laboratory room conditions was tested up to 8 weeks. Results show that complexation with RAMEB seems to be promising for the development of water-based THC formulations.
Hazekamp
Arno
A
Department of Pharmacognosy, Leiden University, Institute of Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands. ahazekamp@rocketmail.com
Verpoorte
Rob
R
D013759:Dronabinol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008745:Methylation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry*
D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D013759:Dronabinol; C031215:betadex