title: 17beta-Estradiol supplementation reduces tubulointerstitial fibrosis by increasing MMP activity in the diabetic kidney.
abstract: We previously reported that supplementation with 17beta-estradiol (E2) attenuates albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. The present study examined the mechanisms by which E2 regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism, a process that contributes to the development of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The study was performed in female nondiabetic (ND), streptozotocin-induced diabetic (D), and diabetic with E2 supplementation (D+E2) Sprague-Dawley rats for 12 wk. Diabetes was associated with an increase in the renal expression of collagen alpha type IV [ND, 0.22 +/- 0.02; D, 0.99 +/- 0.09 relative optical density (ROD); P < 0.05] and fibronectin protein (ND, 0.36 +/- 0.08; D, 1.47 +/- 0.08 ROD; P < 0.05), as measured by Western blot analysis. E2 supplementation partially attenuated this increase in collagen alpha type IV (D+E2, 0.47 +/- 0.10 ROD) and fibronectin (D+E2, 0.71 +/- 0.16 ROD) protein expression associated with D. Diabetes was also associated with a decrease in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) isoform MMP-2 (ND, 0.79 +/- 0.01; D, 0.62 +/- 0.06 ROD; P < 0.05) and MMP-9 protein (ND, 0.49 +/- 0.02; D, 0.33 +/- 0.03 ROD; P < 0.05). E2 supplementation restored MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein to levels similar or even greater than in the ND kidneys (MMP-2, 0.75 +/- 0.06; MMP-9, 0.73 +/- 0.01 ROD). The activities of MMP-2 (ND, 7.88 +/- 0.44; D, 5.60 +/- 0.54 ROD; P < 0.05) and MMP-9 (ND, 29.9 +/- 1.8; D, 12.9 +/- 2.3 ROD; P < 0.05), as measured by zymography, were also decreased with D. E2 supplementation restored MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity to levels similar to that in ND kidneys (MMP-2, 7.66 +/- 0.35; MMP-9, 21.4 +/- 2.9 ROD). We conclude that E2 supplementation is renoprotective by attenuating glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by reducing ECM synthesis and increasing ECM degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Georgetown Univ. Medical Center, 394 Bldg D, 4000 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Mankhey
authors.forename: Corinne C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Faizah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bhatti
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maric
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D024141:Collagen Type IV; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D004958:Estradiol; D003404:Creatinine; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases