title: Feasibility of MR imaging-guided percutaneous drainage of pancreatic fluid collections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility and safety of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided percutaneous drainage of pancreatic fluid collections in an open configuration low field MR imaging system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with pancreatic fluid collections were examined prospectively. Five of the fluid collections were symptomatic pseudocysts and five were pancreatic abscesses. All percutaneous drainages were performed solely under MR imaging guidance with a 0.23-T open configuration C-arm shaped MR imaging scanner with interventional optical tracking. Every step of the procedure was monitored using balanced fast field echo sequences. In each case, the drainage of the fluid collection was performed with a MR imaging-compatible drainage kit using the Seldinger technique. The kit included an 18-gauge needle, a 0.035-inch stiff guide wire, 6-F and 8-F dilators, and an 8-F pigtail drainage catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All drainage catheters could successfully be placed into the pancreatic fluid collections under MR imaging guidance. Visualization of the needle, dilator, and drainage catheter was excellent. However, visualization of the guide wire was suboptimal. The mean time needed for the MR-guided drainage procedure was 44 minutes. No immediate complications occurred. The clinical success rate of the percutaneous drainage was 70%; three patients were subsequently treated surgically. There were no deaths. The average duration of catheterization was 40 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging-guided percutaneous drainage of pancreatic fluid collections is feasible and safe. The presented technique has limitations--lack of real-time imaging control and small selection of MR imaging-compatible devices--that necessitate further technical developments before the procedure can be recommended for routine clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, P.O. Box 50, Oulu, Finland. juho.kariniemi@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Juho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kariniemi
authors.forename: Roberto Blanco
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sequeiros
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ojala
authors.forename: Osmo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tervonen
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010192:Pancreatic Pseudocyst / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome