title: Auditory temporal processing deficits in patients with insular stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess central auditory function in a series of patients with stroke of the insula and adjacent areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors recruited eight patients with stroke affecting the insula and adjacent areas and eight neurologically normal controls (matched to the patients for age, sex, handedness, and hearing thresholds). The lesion spared the adjacent auditory areas in three patients and included other auditory structures in five cases. The authors conducted pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry and a central auditory test battery, which included the dichotic digits, and three temporal tests, the duration pattern, frequency pattern, and gaps in noise tests. They collected information from the hospital notes on symptoms at presentation and neuropsychological assessment data during the acute phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The central auditory tests gave normal results in all controls. The temporal tests gave abnormal results in all three cases in which other auditory areas were spared, as well as in the other five cases. Results of the gaps in noise test were abnormal contralaterally to the lesion in three and bilaterally in five cases. The central auditory deficits did not cosegregate with the presence of cognitive impairment during the acute stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insular lesions may affect central auditory function and, in particular, temporal resolution and sequencing, consistent with neuroimaging studies.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-otology Department, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. dbamiou@ion.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: D-E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bamiou
authors.forename: F E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Musiek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolotti
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Luxon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001299:Audiometry; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*