title: A single decoy oligodeoxynucleotides targeting multiple oncoproteins produces strong anticancer effects.
abstract: Cancer in general is a multifactorial process. Targeting a single factor may not be optimal in therapy, because single agents are limited by incomplete efficacy and dose-limiting adverse effects. Combination pharmacotherapy or "drug cocktail" therapy has value against many diseases, including cancers. We report an innovative decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (dODN) technology that we term complex decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (cdODNs) in which multiple cis elements are engineered into single dODNs attacking multiple target transcription factors, mimicking the drug cocktail approach. We designed dODNs targeting NF-kappaB, E2F, and Stat3 separately and a cdODN targeting NF-kappaB, E2F, and Stat3 concomitantly. We evaluated effects of this cdODN on expression of cancer-related genes, viability of human cancer cell lines, and in vivo tumor growth in nude mice. The cdODN targeting all NF-kappaB, E2F, and Stat3 together demonstrated enhancement of efficacy of more than 2-fold and increases in potency of 2 orders of magnitude compared with each of the dODNs or the combination of all three dODNs. The cdODN also showed earlier onset and longer-lasting action. Most strikingly, the cdODN acquired the ability to attack multiple molecules critical to cancer progression via multiple mechanisms, leading to elimination of regression. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the cdODNs knocked down expression of the genes regulated by the target transcription factors. The cdODN strategy offers resourceful combinations of varying cis elements for concomitantly targeting multiple molecules in cancer biological processes and opens the door to "one-drug, multiple-target" therapy for a broad range of human cancers.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger East, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8 Canada.
authors.forename: Huanhuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jiening
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Huixian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Baofeng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors