title: Exposure to predator odor stress increases efflux of frontal cortex acetylcholine and monoamines in mice: comparisons with immobilization stress and reversal by chlordiazepoxide.
abstract: Psychogenic stress may be associated with the development of mood disorders and schizophrenia. The frontal cortex (FC) regulates stress responses, and its dysfunction contributes to certain neuropsychiatric disorders. We tested the effects of exposure to predator odor stress (POS), a psychogenic stressor, on the concurrent efflux of four major neurotransmitters within the FC in mice in comparison to immobilization stress (IMS), a physical/systemic stressor. POS and IMS significantly increased efflux of acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA), but not norephinephrine, within the FC. POS produced a somewhat longer-lasting efflux of 5-HT, as compared to IMS. The effects of POS and IMS on ACh, 5-HT and DA were blocked by chlordiazepoxide. Overall, we demonstrate a novel method to measure the effects of distinctly different stress modalities on FC neurotransmission and suggest that FC responsivity to stressors may be an important marker for evaluating anxiolytic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Discovery Research, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46278, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gehlert
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Nomikos
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009812:Odorants; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide; D000109:Acetylcholine