title: Clinically overt postpartum urinary retention after vaginal delivery: a retrospective case-control study.
abstract: We set out to determine the incidence of symptomatic postpartum urinary retention (PUR) after vaginal delivery and to establish any associated risk factors. We carried out a retrospective case-control study of women having PUR after vaginal delivery from 2001 to 2005. Four controls, matched for date of delivery, were selected for each case in univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses. There were 15,757 deliveries and 30 cases of PUR (incidence 0.2%). Median duration of PUR was 19 days (range 3-85). Eighty percent were managed with intermittent self-catheterization. The use of regional analgesia increased the risk of PUR [odds ratio (OR) 6.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.01-19.96], while ethnicity (Caucasian vs Asian) reduced the risk (OR 0.27, CI 0.08-0.85) (p<0.05). PUR is uncommon but carries significant morbidity. Epidural analgesia and Asian ethnic origin increase the risk. We recommend routine catheterization for up to 24 h after delivery after epidural analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Urogynaecology Department, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, UK. rodnfiona@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Punter
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayne
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tincello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000453:epidemiology*