title: Dengue virus induces expression of CXC chemokine ligand 10/IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, which competitively inhibits viral binding to cell surface heparan sulfate.
abstract: Dengue virus is an arthropod-borne flavivirus that causes a mild febrile illness, dengue fever, or a potentially fatal syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Chemokines primarily orchestrate leukocyte recruitment to the areas of viral infection, which makes them critical mediators of immune and inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the induction and function of chemokines in mice early after infection with dengue virus in vivo. We found that CXCL10/IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) expression was rapidly and transiently induced in liver following infection. The expressed CXCL10/IP-10 likely mediates the recruitment of activated NK cells, given that anti-CXCL10/IP-10-treated mice showed diminished NK cell infiltration and reduced hepatic expression of effector molecules in activated NK cells after dengue virus infection. Of particular interest, we found that CXCL10/IP-10 also was able to inhibit viral binding to target cells in vitro. Further investigation revealed that various CXCL10/IP-10 mutants, in which the residues that mediate the interaction between the chemokine and heparan sulfate were substituted, failed to exert the inhibitory effect on dengue binding, which suggests that CXCL10/IP-10 competes with dengue virus for binding to heparan sulfate on the cell surface. Moreover, subsequent plaque assays showed that this inhibition of dengue binding blocked viral uptake and replication. The inhibitory effect of CXCL10/IP-10 on the binding of dengue virus to cells may represent a novel contribution of this chemokine to the host defense against viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-Perng
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsin-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Szu-Liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Gabriele S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.forename: Jui-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Mei-Yi
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Betty A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wu-Hsieh
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Luster
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002459:Cell Fusion; D002460:Cell Line; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009033:Culicidae; D003715:Dengue / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
chemical_list: D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C515202:CXCL11 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; C485433:Cxcl10 protein, mouse; C515203:Cxcl11 protein, mouse