title: Long-term follow-up and the role of surgery in adolescents with morbid obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity has become a health-care crisis in the United States. Adolescent obesity is now one of the most common childhood disorders, with 4.7 million American adolescents having a body mass index (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile. Most patients do not respond to diet modification or exercise programs and attention is now turning toward surgery as a source of weight loss in adolescents. Few studies have looked at the overall morbidity and mortality of weight loss surgery in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of medical charts of 15 bariatric surgical procedures performed on 14 adolescents without known genetic syndromes associated with severe childhood obesity from 1971 to 2001 at the University of Minnesota. Procedures performed on these patients included vertical banded gastroplasty (n = 7), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 5), and jejunoileal bypass (n = 3). Jejunoileal bypass procedures were performed from 1971 to 1977, after which time this procedure was abandoned. Patient age ranged from 13 to 17 years (mean, 15.7 years). Mean follow-up time was 6 years, with 9 patients available for long-term follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All procedures were performed using an open technique by 1 surgeon. There were no perioperative deaths; complications included 1 case of wound infection, 2 episodes of dumping syndrome that resolved without revision, 1 episode of hypoglycemia, and 1 case of short-term electrolyte imbalance in a patient who underwent jejunoileal bypass. The average BMI dropped from 58.5 +/- 13.7 to 32.1 +/- 9.7 kg/m(2) (P < .01)--a 45% reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgery for morbid obesity is safe and results in significant weight loss in adolescents who fail medical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, 55455, USA. barne058@umn.edu
authors.forename: Sean J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Acton
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.forename: Sayeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikramuddin
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buchwald
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome