title: P-selectin gene genotypes or haplotypes and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased levels of sP-selectin, a member of the selectin family involved in the transient attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells, are found in a number of conditions including diabetes and ischemic heart disease. A number of polymorphisms in the gene encoding P-selectin have been identified. The purpose of the present study was to explore the role of three non-synonymous P-selectin gene polymorphisms, Tyr715Pro, Asn562Asp and Ser290Asn, in determining the risk of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following a cross-sectional case-control design from 837 Italian type 2 diabetics, 301 cases with at least one episode of angina pectoris (AP), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, transient ischemic attacks (TIA) or peripheral arterial disease (PAD) were compared with 536 controls free of ischemic vascular complications in the period preceding the examination. Case subjects had longer duration of diabetes at the time of examination and were older as compared with controls. Hypertension and male sex were over-represented among cases. Allele frequency and genotype distribution of the three polymorphic variants did not show any significant preferential association in groups of cases or controls. Odds ratios also indicated no effect on risk of cardiovascular disease even after adjustment for potentially confounding variables. There was a strong allelic association between Tyr715Pro and Asn562Asp (D' = -0.99, P < 0.0001). Ser290Asn was in linkage disequilibrium with Tyr715Pro (D' = 0.43, P = 0.15) and in almost complete equilibrium with Asn562Asp (D' = 0.05, P = 0.5). Haplotype phase inferred from genotypic data revealed the presence of 6 haplotypes. Global test of significance showed no difference in three marker haplotype distribution between cases and controls (P = 0.88, df = 5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study excludes a major contribution of Tyr715Pro, Asn562Asp and Ser290Asn P-selectin polymorphisms to a susceptibility to ischemic vascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetic and Environmental Epidemiology, Center for High Technology Research and Education in Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zalewski
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciccarone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Castelnuovo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Gaetano
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacoviello
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin