title: Recent experience with open repair of pectus excavatum with minimal cartilage resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inconsistent results have been reported using a variety of open surgical techniques to correct pectus excavatum (PE) deformities with subperiosteal resection of deformed costal cartilages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective 6-year review of 450 consecutive patients undergoing PE repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptomatic patients with severe PE (severity index >3.4).
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of open repair with minimal cartilage resection, suture reattachment of costal cartilages to the sternum and ribs, and internal support strut for 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age at repair, severity index, reduction of symptoms, complications, recurrence, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine percent of patients were younger than 12 years at repair, 42% were aged 12 to 17 years, 33% were aged 18 to 30 years, and 16% were older than 30 years. Nineteen percent were female. Mean +/- SD severity index was 4.88 +/- 1.8. Mean hospital stay was 2.9 days. No patients received epidural analgesics. Complications occurred in 2.6% of patients and included idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (2 patients), transient pericarditis (2 patients), pleural effusion (3 patients), dislodged sternal bar (2 patients), hematoma (1 patient), seroma (1 patient), and localized infection (1 patient). Mild recurrence occurred in 4 patients, and 9 patients had resection of localized cartilage protrusion when the bar was removed. There were no deaths. Ninety-eight percent of patients reported very good to excellent results. All patients reported improvement in symptoms. Mean follow-up was 26 months after strut removal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this largest, to our knowledge, recently reported series of openly repaired PE using minimal cartilage resection and suture reattachment of the costal cartilages to the sternum and ribs, advantages included short operative time, stable early postoperative chest wall, few complications, mild pain, good physiologic and cosmetic results, and effectiveness for all variations of PE in patients of all ages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCLA Medical Center, 10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. efonkalsrud@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Fonkalsrud
authors.forename: Julianne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome