title: Validation of a Portuguese version of a generic health quality-of-life questionnaire for children with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate a Portuguese version of a generic HRQL instrument already used for children with epilepsy. To analyze differences of scores among children with epilepsy and co-morbidities in contrast to other neurological and neuropsychiatric diagnosis, especially Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 194 children (64 with epilepsy, 94 with ADHD and 38 with other neurological or neuropsychiatric diagnosis) were consecutively seen in a neuropaediatric ambulatory unit. Parents or caregivers responded to a Portuguese version of ICIS (Impact of Childhood Illness Scale). The questionnaire was analyzed for internal consistency and face validity. Clinical and socio-demographic variables were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency, analyzed by Cronbach's alpha showed good results for total and combined scores and all sections of ICIS, except for the section "impact of illness and its treatment". The diagnostic categories differed in several ICIS sections, with the worst scores for children with epilepsy and co-morbidities. Children who only had epilepsy had a worse score on the section about treatment impact compared with children with ADHD, but better scores in relation to disease impact in development and parents/family. In the epilepsy group, HRQL scores were worst for symptomatic epilepsy, whilst seizure control and socioeconomic factors affected each section of the instrument in different ways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICIS Portuguese version has good psychometric properties. It is a useful tool for analyzing HRQL in children with epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Epilepsy and psychiatric co-morbidity seems to have an additive impact on a child's HRQL. This result is clinically important since epilepsy management must include not only seizure control but also mental health support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis/Postgraduation, Institute of Psychiatry/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. heber@redetaho.com.br <heber@redetaho.com.br>
authors.forename: Heber de Souza
authors.initials: Hde S
authors.lastname: Maia Filho
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoare
authors.forename: Marleide da Mota
authors.initials: Mda M
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009484:Neuropsychology; D010290:Parents; D011174:Portugal; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires