title: Evaluation of the learning curve for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The literature reports that the learning curve for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) is approximately 75-100 cases. This aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of shortening the learning curve for performing LRYGBP by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study analyzed retrospectively the first 100 consecutive LRYGBP cases performed by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon between April 2003 and September 2003. The surgeon performed these cases after first assisting in 30 cases, and the first 4 cases were proctored by an experienced laparoscopic bariatric surgeon. Two cases done after previous gastric stapling and Nissen fundoplication were excluded from the study. Outcome variables included operative time, complications, conversion, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first 100 LRYGBP patients, the mean age was 42.6 years (range, 22-62 years) and mean body mass index (BMI) was 47.6 kg/m2 (range, 36-71.8). The complications included 1 case of intestinal leak, 1 case of small bowel obstruction, 6 cases of gastrojejunal stenosis, 8 cases of wound infection, 1 case of wound seroma, and 2 cases of pulmonary embolism, resulting in 1 mortality. One case was converted to an open technique. Over the second 50 cases, there was a significant reduction in mean operative time, to 73 minutes (range, 39-145 minutes) from 113 minutes (range, 54-238 minutes) (P < .0001). However, despite the reduction in complication frequency (no gastrointestinal leak or obstruction, 2 cases of gastrojejunal stenosis, 2 cases of wound infection, no pulmonary embolism/deep venous thrombosis, and no mortality), there was no significant correlation between the mortality, conversion, and complication rates and the surgeon's experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A bariatric surgical practice incorporating LRYGBP can be safely done by an experienced laparoscopic surgeon. With appropriate advanced laparoscopic skills, preparatory steps, proctorship, and adequate volume of cases, the learning curve for performing LRYGBP can be reduced to 50 cases. Further experience is associated with a significant reduction in operative time with acceptable mortality, complication, and conversion rates.
authors.affiliation: Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, West Virginia, USA. rshinmd@msn.com
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y / Q000193:education*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors