title: Relationship between clinical efficacy of treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex disease and drug-sensitivity testing of Mycobacterium avium complex isolates.
abstract: We prospectively investigated the relationship between the clinical efficacy of treatment of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease and drug-sensitivity testing of MAC isolates for antituberculous drugs, new quinolone antibiotics, and clarithromycin (CAM). Fifty-two patients who satisfied the diagnostic criteria of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and who received treatment between April 1998 and December 2005, using combined therapy of rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), streptomycin (SM), and CAM, were enrolled in this study. The causative microorganisms isolated were Mycobacterium avium in 30 patients and M. intracellulare in 22 patients. Although separation of the two strains showed drug sensitivity testing to have slightly better minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for M. intracellulare than for M. avium, there were no significant differences in the sputum eradication rate or clinical improvement between the two strains. The MICs of various antibiotics for the isolated MAC strains were as follows: RFP, 0.125-8 microg/ml; CAM, 0.25-16 microg/ml; SM, 2-128< or =microg/ml; EB, 128< or = microg/ml; levofloxacin (LVFX), 1-32 microg/ml; sparfloxacin (SPFX), 0.5-16 microg/ml; and gatifloxacin (GFLX), 0.25-8 microg/ml. The isolated MAC strains showed the same excellent drug sensitivity test results for RFP, new quinolones, and CAM, but they showed resistant drug-sensitivity results for EB and SM. Regarding the relationship between clinical efficacy and the MICs of RFP, EB, CAM, and SM, there was a good relationship only for CAM. Although the ATS has not yet recommended routine drug susceptibility testing of CAM, we believe that drug susceptibility testing of CAM should be performed before the initial treatment is undertaken for pulmonary MAC disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan. yoshihiro@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobashi
authors.forename: Kouichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015363:Quinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D017291:Clarithromycin