Exploiting the enhanced permeability and retention effect for tumor targeting.
Of the tumor targeting strategies, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of macromolecules is a key mechanism for solid tumor targeting, and considered a gold standard for novel drug design. In this review, we discuss various endogenous factors that can positively impact the EPR effect in tumor tissues. Further, we discuss ways to augment the EPR effect by use of exogenous agents, as well as practical methods available in the clinical setting. Some innovative examples developed by researchers to combat cancer by the EPR mechanism are also discussed.
Iyer
Arun K
AK
Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 862-0082, Japan.
Khaled
Greish
G
Fang
Jun
J
Maeda
Hiroshi
H
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D011108:Polymers
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011108:Polymers