title: Efficacy and safety of polyacrylamide hydrogel for facial soft-tissue augmentation in a 2-year follow-up: a prospective multicenter study for evaluation of safety and aesthetic results in 101 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyacrylamide (Aquamid) is a nonabsorbable soft-tissue filler. It consists of a polyacrylamide hydrogel. Safety and aesthetic results after injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel for facial soft-tissue enhancement were analyzed in a clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective multicenter study, 251 patients were enrolled for injection of polyacrylamide hydrogel (Aquamid). The results of the first year follow-up have been described previously. One hundred one of 251 initially enrolled patients could be recruited for follow-up 24 months after the first injection. Standardized photographs were taken, and blood and urine samples were collected before treatment and during follow-up visits. Common sites of injection were nasolabial folds, lips, glabella folds, and other sites. The amount of injected gel ranged from 0.2 to 12 ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A course of 24 months was followed in 101 patients. Results were judged to be good or very good by the investigators in 93 patients. Eighty-six patients judged the aesthetic outcome as satisfactory or very satisfactory. No severe side effects were observed during the 2-year follow-up period. Transient local reactions that resolved spontaneously were detected in several patients. In one case, burning sensations after lip augmentation were reported lasting up to the 24-month follow-up visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyacrylamide hydrogel (Aquamid) yielded satisfying aesthetic results in more than 90 percent of patients. There was no difference in efficacy between 12 and 24 months' follow-up. No adverse soft-tissue reaction was observed. The study group may be biased, as patients with bad results may have refrained from further follow-up. Long-term follow-up is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital, Aachen University of Technology, Germany. svonbuelow@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Silvester
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Buelow
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pallua
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002610:Cheek; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012060:Rejuvenation; D015595:Skin Aging; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C486838:Aquamid; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels