title: Syncrystallization: a technique for temporization of immediately loaded implants with metal-reinforced acrylic resin restorations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rigid temporization has been recognized to have a significant impact on the peri-implant tissue response in immediate implant loading since it reduces the mechanical stress exerted on each implant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A successful protocol for immediate loading of multiple implants depends on an adequate fixation and immobility of the implants to prevent the risk of micromovements in relation to the surrounding bone. The objective of this article was to evaluate a prosthetic concept for an accelerated rigid splinting of multiple implants for same-day immediate loading with metal-reinforced provisional restorations using a technique of welding temporary implant abutments with a prefabricated titanium bar directly in the oral cavity (syncrystallization).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2004 and January 2005, immediate loading of threaded implants with a metal- reinforced acrylic resin provisional restoration at stage 1 surgery was evaluated in 40 consecutive patients. A total of 192 implants were placed in selected edentulous or partially edentulous patients using the syncrystallization technique. Once the titanium bar was welded intraorally to the abutments, opaque was applied and the provisional restoration was relined and screw-retained the same day. In addition, a comparison of deformations and stress distributions in implant-supported, metal-reinforced and nonmetal-reinforced resin provisional restorations was analyzed in the edentulous mandible by a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the 192 rigidly temporized immediately loaded implants osseointegrated. An implant success rate of 100% was achieved over a period of 6 months postplacement. No fracture or luting cement failure of the provisional restoration occurred during the observation time. Compared to mere acrylic superstructures, a significant reduction of deformation and strain within metal-reinforced provisional restorations was detected by FEM analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the syncrystallization technique allows an expedite and adequate rigid splinting of multiple immediately loaded implants. The advantages of the technique are: (1) reduction of treatment time for immediate temporization at stage 1 surgery; (2) predictable fixation and immobility of implants in the early stages of bone healing; and (3) less time for repairing provisional restorations as a result of no or rare fracture.
authors.affiliation: University of Chieti, Pescara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Degidi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gehrke
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spanel
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piattelli
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003460:Crystallization; D000044:Dental Abutments; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D003794:Dental Restoration, Temporary; D012994:Dental Soldering / Q000379:methods*; D003779:Denture Design; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D008334:Mandible / Q000503:physiopathology; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D013165:Splints; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium