title: Impulsivity and sustained attention in pathological gamblers: influence of childhood ADHD history.
abstract: Pathological gambling (PG) has been associated to both impulsiveness and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in different studies. Our objective was to compare different impulsivity and sustained attention variables, using both behavioural tasks and self-administered questionnaires, in a group of pathological gamblers with a history of childhood ADHD (PG-ADHD; n = 16), a group of pathological gamblers without this history (PG-non-ADHD; n = 39), and a control group (n = 40). As instruments of measure, we used the stop signal task (to evaluate inhibitory control/impulsivity), the differential reinforcement of Low Rate Responding Task (delay of gratification/impulsivity) and the Continuous Performance Test (sustained attention). The Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) was used as a self-administered questionnaire to measure impulsiveness. Our results show that patients in the PG-ADHD group exhibit a significantly lower capacity to delay gratification than those in the PG-non-ADHD and control groups, and less inhibitory control than patients in the PG-non-ADHD group. On self-administered questionnaires such as the BIS-11 the PG-ADHD group obtained higher scores than the PG-non-ADHD and control groups. However, no differences were found with respect to sustained attention using the CPT. Our results suggest a possible selective implication of the prefrontal cortex in PG, which would be especially evident in those with a childhood history of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Servicio de Psiquiatría, Unidad de Patología Dual y Conductas Adictivas, Avda Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain. rrodriguezj.hdoc@salud.madrid.org
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Jimenez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Arriero
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Monasor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aragües
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoenicka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palomo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012647:Self-Assessment