title: The pioneers of venom production for Australian antivenoms.
abstract: Before the introduction of the first Australian antivenom was the era of the self-styled 'snakemen' and their diverse snakebite remedies. Many received multiple bites from highly dangerous snakes, some of which were deliberately taken to either prove a certain treatment or liven up their show. The mortality rate among these handlers and showmen was high. Production of the first effective Australian antivenom, the tiger snake antivenom, in 1930, began the scientific approach to treating snakebite and opened new frontiers for professional and amateur snake people. Collecting venoms in the development and early production of antivenoms was carried out by a number of professional herpetologists often with little or no reward and in some instances at the ultimate cost of their lives. This paper reviews the most important of those late nineteenth and twentieth century snakemen and their contributions to venom research, antivenom production and current toxinological knowledge.
authors.affiliation: Venom Supplies Pty Ltd, PO Box 546, Tanunda, South Australia 5352, Australia. venoms@venomsupplies.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirtschin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009790:Occupations; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000266:history* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000266:history* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000506:poisoning; D014116:Toxicology / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D012910:Snake Venoms