title: Surgery for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: report of 121 cases receiving community-based treatment in Lima, Peru.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While most patients with tuberculosis (TB) can be successfully treated using short-course medical chemotherapy, thoracic surgery is an important adjunctive strategy for many patients with drug-resistant disease. The need for physical, technical and financial resources presents a potential challenge to implementing surgery as a component of treatment for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in resource-poor settings. However, a cohort of patients with severe MDR-TB in Lima, Peru underwent surgery as part of their treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  121 patients underwent pulmonary surgery for drug-resistant tuberculosis between May 1999 and January 2004. Surgery was performed by a team of thoracic surgeons under the Ministry of Health. Patient demographic data, clinical characteristics, surgical procedures and surgical outcomes were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most of the patients had failed multiple TB regimens and were resistant to a median of seven drugs. The median time of follow-up after surgery was 33 months. 79.3% of patients were culture-positive before surgery, and sustained culture-negative status among survivors was achieved in 74.8% of patients. 63% of those followed up for at least 6 months after surgery were either cured or probably cured. Postoperative complications, observed in 22.6% of patients, were associated with preoperative haemoptysis, vital capacity <50% and low forced expiratory volume in 1 s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is one of the largest cohorts with MDR-TB to be treated with surgery, and the first from a resource-poor country. Although surgery is not often considered an option for patients in resource-poor settings, the findings of this study support the argument that adjunctive surgery should be considered an integral component of MDR-TB treatment programmes, even in poor countries such as Peru.
authors.affiliation: Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Perú.
authors.forename: Jose G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Somocurcio
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sotomayor
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Portilla
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valcarcel
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010568:Peru; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents