title: Dynamical changing patterns of histological structure and ultrastructure of liver graft undergoing warm ischemia injury from non-heart-beating donor in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the histological and ultra-structural characteristics of liver graft during different of warm ischemia time (WIT) in rats and to predict the maximum limitation of liver graft to warm ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were randomized into 7 groups undergoing warm ischemia injury for 0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min, respectively. All specimens having undergone warm ischemia injury were investigated dynamically by light and electron microscopy, and histochemistry staining. After orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the recovery of morphology of liver grafts after 6, 24 and 48 h was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The donor liver from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) underwent ischemia injury both in the warm ischemia period and in the reperfusion period. Morphological changes were positively related to warm ischemia injury in a time-dependent manner during the reperfusion period. The results demonstrated that different degrees of histiocyte degeneration were observed when WIT was within 30 min, and became more severe with the prolongation of WIT, no obvious hepatocyte necrosis was noted in any specimen. In the group undergoing warm ischemia injury for 45 min, small focal necrosis occurred in the central area of hepatic lobule first. In the group undergoing warm ischemia injury for 60 min, patchy or diffused necrosis was observed and the area was gradually extended, while hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells were obviously swollen. Hepatic sinusoid was obstructed and microcirculation was in disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rat liver graft undergoing warm ischemia injury is in the reversible stage when the WIT is within 30 min. The 45 min WIT may be a critical point of rat liver graft to endure warm ischemia injury. When the WIT is over 60 min, the damage is irreversible.
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China. anhuimayi2002@sohu.com
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rui-De
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014019:Tissue Donors; D052096:Warm Ischemia