title: Which thrombophilic gene mutations are risk factors for recurrent pregnancy loss?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombophilia has been associated with poor obstetrical outcomes. To determine the association of specific inherited thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss, 10 thrombophilic genes were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 550 women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss had buccal swabs taken for DNA analyses of the following gene mutations: factor V G1691A, factor V H1299R (R2), factor V Y1702C, factor II prothrombin G20210A, factor XIII V34L, beta-fibrinogen -455G>A, PAI-1 4G/5G, HPA1 a/b(L33P), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T, MTHFR A1298C. The frequencies of these mutations were compared with controls published in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When examined individually, PAI-1 4G/5G (P = 0.009), factor XIII V34L (P < 0.0001), and homozygous MTHFR C667T (P < 0.0001) correlated significantly with recurrent pregnancy loss compared with controls. The frequency of the factor V Y1702C mutation was extremely low in patients and controls; thus, this gene was removed from further calculations. The remaining six mutated genes, when analyzed cumulatively, also corresponded with recurrent pregnancy loss (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A panel of thrombogenic gene mutations consisting of factor V G1691A, factor V H1299R (R2), factor II prothrombin G20210A, factor XIII V34L, beta-fibrinogen -455G>A, PAI-1 4G/5G, HPA1 a/b(L33P), MTHFR C677T, and MTHFR A1298C can identify individuals at risk for recurrent pregnancy loss.
authors.affiliation: Millenova Immunology Laboratories, 233 East Erie Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Cyle S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Carolyn B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Coulam
authors.forename: Rajasingam S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jeyendran
authors.forename: Vida A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Roumen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roussev
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D017354:Point Mutation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000235:genetics*