title: Participation of stem cells from human cord blood in skeletal muscle regeneration of SCID mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this report, we demonstrate the participation of human cord blood (HUCB) stem cells in the skeletal muscle regeneration of SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HUCB cells were labeled with the PKH26 fluorescent marker or recognized by an anti-HLA-ABC or anti-beta-2-microglobulin antibody. The HUCB cells were implanted directly into the damaged mouse muscle. The regeneration process and the implanted HUCB cells were traced each day after the damage, throughout a period of 7 days, and additionally at day 30 with the use of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PKH26-labeled cells isolated from the regenerating muscle were positive for the anti-HLA-ABC antibody. The percentage of the PKH26(+) and HLA-ABC(+) cells decreased from day 1 to day 5. In the regenerating muscle, the percentage of the HLA-ABC(+) cells increased, as measured on days 7 and 30. Moreover, myofibers containing fragments of the PKH26-labeled sarcolemma were noticed. Labeling with the anti-human beta(2)-microglobulin antibody showed the presence of positive cells and myofibers at day 7 of the regeneration, suggesting fusion of human and mouse cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that the HUCB cells implanted into the damaged muscle are present there for at least 30 days and that they participate in the muscle regeneration. Moreover, our study shows that the implanted HUCB cells form human muscle precursor cells residing in the repaired mouse muscle. We suggest that the HUCB cell circulation after transplantation depends on SDF-1 (stromal-derived factor-1) expression in regenerating muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cytology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brzóska
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grabowska
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoser
authors.forename: Władysława
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stremińska
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wasilewska
authors.forename: Eugeniusz Krzysztof
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Machaj
authors.forename: Zygmunt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pojda
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moraczewski
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawiak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002459:Cell Fusion; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis; D036101:Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012038:Regeneration; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse