title: Increased spatial vasa vasorum density in the proximal LAD in hypercholesterolemia--implications for vulnerable plaque-development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vasa vasorum (VV) neovascularization is associated with advanced and ruptured atherosclerotic lesions that occur predominantly within the proximal third of the LAD. To investigate further the possible role of VV spatial distribution in determining this predominantly proximal location of complex lesions we analyzed the changes in VV spatial densities along the LAD in early atherosclerosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-month-old, female domestic pigs were placed on normal (N; n=6) or high-cholesterol (HC; n=6) diet for 3 months. VV count, vascular-area-fraction (Sigma vasa vasorum areas/mm(2) vessel wall area, i.e., flow capacity), and the endothelial-surface-fraction (Sigma vasa vasorum endothelial surfaces/mm(3) vessel wall volume) were calculated in three equal thirds of the coronary artery from microcomputed-tomography images. In N animals, the proximal thirds tended to have a higher vascular-area-fraction (mean+/-S.D., 1.4+/-0.6 versus 0.9+/-0.3 and 0.9+/-0.2%; P=0.1) and endothelial-surface-fraction (0.72+/-0.29 versus 0.59+/-0.22 and 0.53+/-0.20 mm(2)/mm(3); NS) than the mid and distal thirds with significantly higher VV counts (26+/-12, 15+/-8, 8+/-5, P=0.01). In HC animals, we observed significant VV neovascularization (3.3+/-1.2 n/mm(2) versus 6.8+/-1.9 n/mm(2), P<0.01), with significantly higher VV counts (24+/-3 and 14+/-3 versus 6+/-4; P<0.001) as well as higher vascular-area- (1.4+/-0.2 and 1.4+/-0.2% versus 0.8+/-0.2%; P<0.001) and endothelial-surface-fractions (0.88+/-0.14 and 0.90+/-0.12 mm(2)/mm(3) versus 0.56+/-0.14 mm(2)/mm(3); P=0.001) within the proximal and middle thirds compared to the distal third.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VV neovascularization in early atherosclerosis leads to a proximally accentuated increase in flow-capacity and endothelial-exchange-surface, which may favour the predominant development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in proximal portions of the LAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gössl
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Versari
authors.forename: Dallit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mannheim
authors.forename: Erik L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ritman
authors.forename: Lilach O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Lerman
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014651:Vasa Vasorum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*