title: Ochratoxins: a global perspective.
abstract: Ochratoxins have been overshadowed by better-known mycotoxins, but they are gaining importance. Here we consider ochratoxins in the context of aflatoxins, which are better understood than ochratoxins on many levels. We review recent work on taxonomic distribution, contamination of commodities, biosynthesis, toxicity and regulatory aspects of ochratoxins. We focus on ochratoxins in coffee, since coffee is becoming a key commodity in ochratoxin research and regulation.
authors.affiliation: Depto. de Biología, Universidad de Puerto Rico-Río Piedras, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA. pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bayman
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000009:adverse effects; D005060:Europe; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007881:Legislation, Food; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013045:Species Specificity; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D009793:Ochratoxins