title: Preoperative serum caveolin-1 as a prognostic marker for recurrence in a radical prostatectomy cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Up-regulation of caveolin-1 (cav-1) is associated with virulent prostate cancer, and serum cav-1 levels are elevated in prostate cancer patients but not in benign prostatic hyperplasia. In this study, we evaluated the potential of high preoperative serum cav-1 levels to predict biochemical progression of prostate cancer. The value of the combined preoperative markers, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), biopsy Gleason score, and serum cav-1 for predicting biochemical recurrence was also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples taken from 419 prostate cancer patients before radical prostatectomy were selected from our Specialized Programs of Research Excellence prostate cancer serum and tissue bank. Serum samples were obtained 0 to 180 days before surgery and all patients had complete data on age, sex, race, stage at enrollment, and follow-up for biochemical recurrence. Serum cav-1 levels were measured according to our previously reported ELISA protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cav-1 levels were measured in the sera of 419 prostate cancer patients; the mean serum level was 4.52 ng/mL (median 1.01 ng/mL). Patients with high serum cav-1 levels had a 2.7-fold (P = 0.0493) greater risk of developing biochemical recurrence compared with those with low serum cav-1 levels. Importantly, patients with serum PSA >/= 10 ng/mL and elevated levels of serum cav-1 had 2.44 times higher risk (P = 0.0256) of developing biochemical recurrence compared with patients with low levels of cav-1. In addition, high serum cav-1 levels combined with increasing biopsy Gleason score predicted much shorter recurrence-free survival in the group of patients with PSA >/= 10 ng/mL (P = 0.0353). Cav-1 was also able to distinguish between high- and low- risk patients with biopsy Gleason score of seven, after adjusting, for patients PSA levels (P = 0.0429).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, elevated preoperative levels of serum cav-1 predict decreased time to cancer recurrence. In the subset of patients with serum PSA of >/=10 ng/mL, the combination of serum cav-1 and biopsy Gleason score has the capacity to predict time to biochemical recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology and Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Salahaldin A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frolov
authors.forename: Teresa G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Martha P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mims
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Seth P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kadmon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051242:Caveolin 1; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen