title: Local control in pelvic Ewing sarcoma: analysis from INT-0091--a report from the Children's Oncology Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The impact of the modality used for local control of Ewing sarcoma is uncertain. We investigated the relationship between the type of local control modality, surgery, radiation (RT) or both (S + RT), and subsequent risk for local failure (LF) in patients with nonmetastatic pelvic Ewing sarcoma treated on INT-0091.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients < or = 30 years with Ewing sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor or primitive sarcoma of bone were randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin, (VACA) or with these four drugs alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (VACA-IE). The local control modality, surgery, RT or both was chosen by the treating physicians. The effect of local control modality was assessed after adjusting for the size of tumor (< 8 cm, > or = 8 cm) and chemotherapy type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five patients with pelvic tumors and a median follow-up of 4.4 years (0.6 to 11.4 years) comprised the study population. Twelve underwent surgery, 44 received RT, and 19 received both. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of LF was 49% and 21% (16%, LF only; 5%, LF and distant failure). There was no significant difference in EFS or LF by tumor size (< 8 cm, > or = 8 cm), local control (LC) modality, or chemotherapy. However, VACA-IE seems to confer an LC benefit (11% v 30%; P = .06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant effect of local control modality (surgery, RT or S + RT) selected by the treating physicians on rates of local failure or EFS. However, VACA-IE improves LC (11%) compared with previously published results for pelvic Ewing sarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. TYOCK@PARTNERS.ORG
authors.forename: Torunn I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Yock
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krailo
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: Sarah S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Miser
authors.forename: Zhengjia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Fran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laurie
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: Holcombe E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Grier
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Tarbell
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D010384:Pelvic Bones; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D007069:Ifosfamide