title: Stability, sterility, coagulation, and immunologic studies of salmon coagulation proteins with potential use for mammalian wound healing and cell engineering.
abstract: Fibrin sealants made by polymerization of fibrinogen activated by the protease thrombin have many applications in hemostasis and wound healing. In treatments of acute injury or surgical wounds, concentrated fibrin preparations mimic the initial matrix that normally prevents bleeding and acts as a scaffold for cells that initiate tissue repair. However risks of infectious disease, immunogenic reaction, and the high cost of purified human or other mammalian blood proteins limit widespread use of these materials. Purified coagulation proteins from Atlantic salmon represent a potentially safer, equally effective, and less costly alternative in part because of the low ambient temperature of these farmed animals and the absence of endogenous agents known to be infectious in mammalian hosts. This study reports rheologic measurements of lyophilized salmon fibrinogen and thrombin that demonstrate stability to prolonged storage and gamma irradiation sufficient to reduce viral loads by over five orders of magnitude. Coagulation and immunologic studies in rats and rabbits treated intraperitoneally with salmon fibrin show no deleterious effects on coagulation profiles and no cross reactivity with host fibrinogen or thrombin. The results support the potential of salmon fibrin as an alternative to mammalian proteins in clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, IGMP, University of Tartu, Ravila Street 19, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laidmäe
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Herod
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.forename: Tiit
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salum
authors.forename: Evelyn S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Janmey
authors.forename: Raivo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uibo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000737:chemistry; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012474:Salmon / Q000378:metabolism; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D005340:Fibrinogen; D005341:Fibrinolysin