title: Long-term outcomes after a variety of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy approaches for clinical stage IA lung cancer: a multi-institutional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been in use for more than a decade, its application to major lung resection for lung cancer is still not widely practiced. The success of a cancer operation is judged by the long-term survival of the treated patients. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to evaluate long-term outcomes associated with various video-assisted lobectomy techniques and conventional surgery in patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer less than or equal to 2 cm in diameter (stage IA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multi-institutional, retrospective review was performed in 145 consecutive patients. Patients with clinical stage IA disease, with tumor size less than or equal to 2 cm in diameter, from three institutions underwent a complete VATS (c-VATS, n = 56), an assisted VATS (a-VATS, n = 34), or a conventional open (open, n = 55) approach for pulmonary lobectomy and lymph node dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients undergoing lobectomy and lymph node dissection with c-VATS had less blood loss, faster recovery, shorter hospitalization, and longer operating times than did patients undergoing the lobectomy with the a-VATS and open approaches. At a mean follow-up of 38.8 months, Kaplan-Meier probabilities of survival at 5 years were as follows: c-VATS, 96.7%; a-VATS, 95.2%; open, 97.2%. There was no significant difference in the rate of recurrence among the 3 different procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VATS lobectomy, a safe procedure with earlier return to normal activities, can be regarded as an acceptable cancer operation for the patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer less than or equal to 2 cm in diameter (clinical stage IA) with the same long-term survivals as open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Takarazuka Municipal Hospital, Hyogo, Japan. drshige0714@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shigemura
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Funaki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagiri
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawabata
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiono
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Yukiyasu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Meinoshin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors