Measures of oxidative stress.
Development of in vivo markers of oxidative stress that are sensitive, specific, reliable, and accurate in reflecting underlying atherosclerotic disease states and prediction of cardiovascular risk and clinical events will be invaluable in the future in clinical medicine. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) and isoprostanes are emerging plasma biomarkers that hold promise for cardiovascular risk prediction. This article describes the pathophysiology of OxLDL and isoprostanes as potential biomarkers, the rationale behind development of methods to measure OxLDL and isoprostanes, and a detailed description of current methodologies, including advantages and disadvantages of available assays. Clinical investigations consisting of epidemiological, case-control, and prospective studies are reviewed to elucidate the role of these biomarkers in reflecting pathophysiology and risk prediction.
Tsimikas
Sotirios
S
Department of Vascular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9350 Campus Point Drive, Cardiovascular Diseases, La Jolla, CA 92037-0975, USA. stsimikas@ucsd.edu
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D028421:Isoprostanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D028421:Isoprostanes; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein