title: Behavioral and emotional self-control: relations to substance use in samples of middle and high school students.
abstract: The authors tested how behavioral and emotional self-control are related to adolescent substance (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) use. Data were obtained from 489 middle school students and 602 high school students. Multiple indicators were developed for each domain of self-control, and confirmatory analyses were used to test the measurement structure of latent constructs. Results showed that the domains of behavioral self-control and emotional self-control were statistically distinct, and both were related to adolescent substance use. Structural modeling analyses indicated indirect effects for self-control constructs primarily through pathways to competence and recent events. In addition, poor behavioral control had a direct effect to deviant peer affiliations, and poor emotional control had a direct effect to coping motives for substance use. The results indicate that both types of self-regulation are relevant for adolescent substance use. Implications for prevention and treatment research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. wills@aecom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: Carmella
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ainette
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D006801:Humans; D012574:Schools; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012919:Social Behavior; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires