title: Phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 3 (MYPT3) and regulation of protein phosphatase 1 by protein kinase A.
abstract: Myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 3 (MYPT3) and transforming growth factor-beta-inhibited membrane-associated protein (TIMAP) are two closely related myosin-binding targeting subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1c) with a characteristic CAAX (where AA indicates aliphatic amino acid) box at the C termini. Here we show that MYPT3 can be a substrate for protein kinase A (PKA). We first mapped the multiple phosphorylation sites within a central conserved motif. Deletion or mutations of this motif resulted in enhancement of the associated PP1c activity, suggesting that phosphorylation of MYPT3 may play an important role in regulating PP1c catalytic activity. However, unlike the other known MYPTs, which upon phosphorylation inhibit PP1c, PKA phosphorylation of MYPT3 resulted in PP1c activation, indicating a different mode of action. There is a direct interaction between the central conserved phosphorylated site motif with the N-terminal ankyrin repeat region; this interaction was significantly reduced with MYPT3 phosphorylation or acidic phosphorylation site mutations, with concomitant alterations in biochemical and morphological consequences. We therefore propose a novel mechanism for the phosphorylation of MYPT3 by PKA and activation of the catalytic activity through direct interaction of a central region of MYPT3 with its N-terminal region.
authors.affiliation: GSK-IMCB Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C515115:PPP1R16A protein, human; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D043263:Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase; D014357:Trypsin