title: The inhibitory effects of local anesthetics on primary sensory nerve and parasympathetic nerve in rabbit eye.
abstract: Primary sensory nerves transmit information to both the periphery and central nervous systems, and they mediate neurogenic inflammation by release of neurotransmitters, such as tachykinins, in the periphery. Because the effect of local anesthetics on neurogenic inflammation is a subject of controversy, we investigated the direct effect of local anesthetics on tachykininergic neurotransmission, comparing it with cholinergic neurotransmission in the rabbit iris sphincter muscle. Rabbit iris sphincter muscle is innervated by trigeminal tachykininergic and parasympathetic cholinergic nerves, and the electrical transmural stimulation produces tachykininergic and cholinergic contractions. Cocaine and lidocaine (1-300 microM) attenuated tachykininergic and cholinergic contractions induced by electrical transmural stimulation in concentration- and stimulus frequency-dependent manner. However, the sensitivity to both local anesthetics was slightly, but significantly, higher in tachykininergic than in cholinergic responses. Exogenous neurokinin A and carbachol produced contractions that were not inhibited by 100 microM of cocaine and lidocaine. These results show that local anesthetics have a direct inhibitory effect on tachykininergic neurotransmission of the trigeminal sensory nerve, and the effect on this nerve is more potent than on the parasympathetic nerve and suggests that local anesthetics may have antineurogenic inflammatory effects via the inhibitory effects on the peripheral transmission of primary sensory nerve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu, Japan. takakura@dent.asahi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizogami
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: Ikunobu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017776:Autonomic Pathways; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002799:Cholinergic Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007498:Iris / Q000294:innervation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects*; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D013373:Substance P; D001285:Atropine; D015288:Neurokinin A; D002217:Carbachol; D008012:Lidocaine; D003042:Cocaine