title: Law, pregnancy and sport: what are the repercussions when a pregnant lady plays?
abstract: This article reflects on the issue of pregnancy and sport that was brought to the fore in Gardner v National Netball League (2001) 182 ALR 408; [2001] FMCA 50 and Gardner v All Australia Netball Association Ltd (2003) 174 FLR 452. It suggests that these cases did not provide a definitive discussion of the tortious liability implications that initially led Netball Australia to introduce a ban on pregnant players. In an attempt to fill some of these gaps, other case law that deals with liability of sporting organisations and prenatal injury is discussed. The article primarily focuses on whether the unborn child when born alive will have an action against her or his mother as a result of injury occasioned while the mother was playing sport when pregnant. This examination is undertaken in light of recent Australian tort reform as well as changes in policy direction. The article summarises the legal position of the parties involved in sport--sporting organisations, medical practitioners, other participants and the pregnant mother--and argues that, with reference to the guidelines and case law, in only a very small number of cases would liability be found against the sporting organisation or pregnant mother as a result of injuries incurred prenatally.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Law, University of New England. jwerren@une.edu.au
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werren
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016365:Liability, Legal; D016134:Organizational Policy; D009938:Organizations / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People; D049188:Prenatal Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013177:Sports / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*