title: The effect of macronutrients on gastric volume responses and gastric emptying in humans: A magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: The effects of macronutrients on gastric volume changes, emptying, and gastrointestinal symptoms are incompletely understood. Three liquid meals of 500 ml (fat emulsion, 375 kcal; protein solution, 375 kcal; glucose solution, 400 kcal) were infused into the stomach of 12 healthy volunteers on three occasions. Studies were performed in seated body position using an open-configuration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. MRI imaging sequences, assessing stomach and meal volumes, were performed prior to and at times t = 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min after meal administration. Areas under the curve for the early emptying phase (0-15 and 0-45 min) were calculated, and characteristics of the volume curves were analyzed by a gastric emptying model. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by a self-report scale. Initial (t = 0 min) and early postprandial gastric volumes were highest for glucose because of lower initial emptying. However, in the early emptying phase the characteristics of the volume curves for stomach and meal were uniform for all macronutrients. Perceptions of fullness and satiety were linearly associated with postprandial gastric volumes, but not with macronutrient composition. Isovolumic macronutrient meals modulate gastric volume response by initial meal emptying patterns. Macronutrient specific accommodation responses, as shown in barostat studies, are not reflected as gastric volume responses under noninvasive conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steingoetter
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menne
authors.forename: Ivo R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: van der Voort
authors.forename: Monika A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kwiatek
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boesiger
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weishaupt
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thumshirn
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwizer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013270:Stomach / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions