Allergic and nonallergic reactions to nitroglycerin.
Allergic and nonallergic reactions to nitroglycerin occur. The aims of this study were to review the different manifestations of nitroglycerin allergy, to explain how to evaluate for it, and to discuss its treatment. We reviewed relevant literature in peer-reviewed journals, computerized databases, and references identified from relevant bibliographics. Nitroglycerin's most common side effects are headache, facial flushing, head throbbing, fainting, hypotension, tachycardia, and syncope. The majority of reported skin reactions to topical and transdermal nitroglycerin products are irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and urticaria. Five cases of presumed allergic reactions to oral, sublingual, intravenous, or perianal nitroglycerin products have been described. Patch testing may be helpful in subjects with skin reactions to topical or transdermal nitroglycerin. In subjects with positive patch tests to nitroglycerin (allergic contact dermatitis), transdermal nitroglycerin patches and other topical nitroglycerin products should be avoided. Most patients with contact dermatitis to nitroglycerin have tolerated oral nitroglycerin, sublingual nitroglycerin, or oral isosorbide challenges.
Ramey
John T
JT
Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida and James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612-4745, USA.
Lockey
Richard F
RF
D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012882:Skin Tests; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin