title: A chemical toolkit for proteins--an expanded genetic code.
abstract: Recently, a method to encode unnatural amino acids with diverse physicochemical and biological properties genetically in bacteria, yeast and mammalian cells was developed. Over 30 unnatural amino acids have been co-translationally incorporated into proteins with high fidelity and efficiency using a unique codon and corresponding transfer-RNA:aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase pair. This provides a powerful tool for exploring protein structure and function in vitro and in vivo, and for generating proteins with new or enhanced properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, the Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D003062:Codon; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005815:Genetic Code; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003062:Codon; D011506:Proteins; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases