title: Proopiomelanocortin heterozygous and homozygous null mutant mice develop pituitary adenomas.
abstract: Mice lacking all pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides have been created by gene targeting of the POMC locus in embryonic stem cells. Phenotypes of the POMC null homozygous mutants include obesity, pigmentation defects, and adrenal insufficiency. Here, we report that both POMC null homozygous and heterozygous mutants also develop pituitary gland tumors, which result in their premature death. The tumors occur with 100% penetrance in both POMC heterozygous and homozygous genotypes. Histological examinations reveal that tumors start from hyperplastic focal points of melanotrophic cells within the intermediate lobe. Based on the morphological and immunohistological features, we have classified the tumors as non-invasive, non-secreting, intermediate lobe adenomas. These findings uncover potential novel roles of melanocortins in the regulation of cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karpac
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ostwald
authors.forename: G-Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hunnewell
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hochgeschwender
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D000521:alpha-MSH / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000521:alpha-MSH; D011333:Pro-Opiomelanocortin; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone