title: Response-adaptive randomization for clinical trials with continuous outcomes.
abstract: We provide an explicit asymptotic method to evaluate the performance of different response-adaptive randomization procedures in clinical trials with continuous outcomes. We use this method to investigate four different response-adaptive randomization procedures. Their performance, especially in power and treatment assignment skewing to the better treatment, is thoroughly evaluated theoretically. These results are then verified by simulation. Our analysis concludes that the doubly adaptive biased coin design procedure targeting optimal allocation is the best one for practical use. We also consider the effect of delay in responses and nonstandard responses, for example, Cauchy distributed response. We illustrate our procedure by redesigning a real clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA.
authors.forename: Lanju
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011897:Random Allocation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric