title: New generation 3-dimensional echocardiography for left ventricular volumetric and functional measurements: comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-invasive assessment of left ventricular (LV) structure and function is important in the evaluation of cardiac patients. This study was designed to test the accuracy and reproducibility of new generation 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in measuring volumetric and functional LV indices as compared with current "gold standard" of non-invasive cardiac imaging, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four subjects with good acoustic windows, including 40 cardiac patients with LV ejection fraction (EF)<45%, 14 patients with EF>45% and 10 normal volunteers underwent 3DE using a commercially available Philips Sonos 7500 scanner equipped with a matrix phase-array x4 xMATRIX transducer, and CMR on a 1.5 T Signa CV/i scanner (GE Medical Systems). Volumetric assessment was performed with analytical 4D-LV-Analysis software (TomTec) for 3DE and MRI-Mass software (Medis) for CMR. We found no significant differences in LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and EF with excellent correlations between the indices measured using 3DE and CMR (r=0.97, r=0.98, and r=0.94, respectively). Bland-Altman analysis showed bias of 7 ml for EDV, 3 ml for ESV and -1% for EF with 3DE with corresponding limits of agreement (2SD) of 28 ml, 22 ml and 10%, respectively. Intraobserver and interobserver variabilities were for EDV: 3% and 4% (3DE) vs 2% and 2% (CMR), for ESV: 3% and 6% (3DE) vs 2% and 3% (CMR), and for EF: 4% and 4% (3DE) vs 2% and 4% (CMR), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New generation 3DE provides accurate and reproducible quantification of LV volumetric and functional data in subjects with good acoustic windows as compared with CMR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Academic Unit, The University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, Kingston-upon-Hull HU16 5JQ, UK. n.p.nikitin@hull.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nikolay P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Constantin
authors.forename: Poay Huan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Elena I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Lukaschuk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurren
authors.forename: Farqad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alamgir
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: John G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left