title: Family conflict in childhood: a predictor of later insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between childhood exposure to family conflict and insomnia at 18 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal prospective data on an entire birth cohort were obtained. Parents completed the Conflict subscale of the Moos Family Environment Scale when the study members were 7, 9, 13, and 15 years of age. Insomnia was examined in a standardized interview when the participants were aged 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were born in Dunedin, New Zealand, and were interviewed at this location.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand thirty-seven children born between April 1, 1972, and March 31, 1973, enrolled in the study (52% male). At age 18 years, 993 (97% of living cohort members) provided data.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean level of family conflict at age 7 to 15 years predicted insomnia at 18 years after controlling for sex, socioeconomic status, sleep problems at 9 years, and self-reported health (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.42 [1.17-1.73], p < .001). There was a dose-response relationship, whereby the more assessments at which families scored in the top 25% for conflict, the greater the young person's likelihood of developing insomnia at age 18 years. This association was present even after controlling for depression at 18 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a modest but robust longitudinal link between family conflict during childhood and insomnia experienced at 18 years of age. Future work needs to replicate this finding in different populations and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom. a.gregory@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alice M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Avshalom
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caspi
authors.forename: Terrie E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Moffitt
authors.forename: Richie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D000786:Anger; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic