title: Cataract surgery and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term (10-year) risk of late age-related maculopathy (ARM) in eyes that had previously undergone cataract surgery (before the baseline examination).
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) cohort, 2335 of 3654 baseline participants > or =49 years old (75% of survivors) were reexamined after 5 years and 1952 (76% of survivors) were reexamined after 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the baseline examination, nonphakic (aphakic or pseudophakic) eyes were identified at slit-lamp examination and confirmed at lens photographic grading. Side-by-side grading of baseline and follow-up stereoretinal photographs was performed using the Wisconsin ARM grading system. Eye-specific data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and generalized estimating equation models, adjusting for correlation between the 2 eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident late ARM was defined if either neovascular ARM or geographic atrophy developed in eyes without either lesion at baseline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After excluding eyes with either late ARM lesion at baseline or that had missing photographs at either examination, 4763 eyes were considered at risk of incident late ARM, including 132 eyes that had cataract surgery before the baseline examination. Late ARM developed in 10 of 132 nonphakic eyes (7.6%) compared to 96 of 4631 phakic eyes (2.1%). After adjusting for baseline age, gender, smoking, and presence of early ARM lesions, nonphakic (cataract surgical) eyes had a 3-fold risk of developing late-stage ARM (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-9.9) or neovascular ARM (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1-10.9) compared to phakic eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the hypothesis that the long-term risk of developing late ARM is higher in cataract surgical eyes, consistent with findings from the Beaver Dam Eye Study.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and the Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cugati
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rochtchina
authors.forename: Ava G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jie Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors