title: Adjunctive aripiprazole in treatment-resistant bipolar depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are limited management options for treatment-resistant depression in bipolar disorder (BD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open adjunctive aripiprazole was administered to outpatients with treatment-resistant depression assessed with the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for BD (STEP-BD) Affective Disorders Evaluation, and followed with the STEP-BD Clinical Monitoring Form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty BD (11 type I, 15 type II, 4 NOS) patients (mean age 44.4 +/- 17.0 years, 70% female) on a mean of 3.2 +/- 1.6 other psychotropic and 2.3 +/- 1.6 nonpsychotropic prescription medications received aripiprazole for a mean duration of 84 +/- 69 days, with a mean final dose of 15.3 +/- 11.2 (range 2.5-40) mg/day. Fourteen patients (47%) discontinued aripiprazole; due to inefficacy in 5/30 (17%), patient choice in 3/30 (10%), and adverse effects in 6/30 (20%). Aripiprazole yielded improvement in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S, 4.4 +/- 1.1 to 3.8 +/- 1.2, p < 0.01), with 8/30 (27%) patients responding (CGI-S improvement > or = 2), including 4/30 (13%) who remitted (final CGI-S < or = 2). Global Assessment of Function, and depressed mood and suicidal ideation ratings also improved. Aripiprazole was generally well tolerated, with no significant change in mean adverse effect ratings or mean weight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aripiprazole appeared effective and generally well tolerated in treatment-resistant bipolar depression. Controlled trials are warranted to systematically explore these preliminary naturalistic observations.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. tketter@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Terence A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ketter
authors.forename: Po W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Jenifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Culver
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alarcon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000068180:Aripiprazole; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D015363:Quinolones; D000068180:Aripiprazole