title: Hyperinsulinism in mice with heterozygous loss of K(ATP) channels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channels couple glucose metabolism to insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. In humans, loss-of-function mutations of beta cell K(ATP) subunits (SUR1, encoded by the gene ABCC8, or Kir6.2, encoded by the gene KCNJ11) cause congenital hyperinsulinaemia. Mice with dominant-negative reduction of beta cell K(ATP) (Kir6.2[AAA]) exhibit hyperinsulinism, whereas mice with zero K(ATP) (Kir6.2(-/-)) show transient hyperinsulinaemia as neonates, but are glucose-intolerant as adults. Thus, we propose that partial loss of beta cell K(ATP) in vivo causes insulin hypersecretion, but complete absence may cause insulin secretory failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heterozygous Kir6.2(+/-) and SUR1(+/-) animals were generated by backcrossing from knockout animals. Glucose tolerance in intact animals was determined following i.p. loading. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), islet K(ATP) conductance and glucose dependence of intracellular Ca(2+) were assessed in isolated islets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both of the mechanistically distinct models of reduced K(ATP) (Kir6.2(+/-) and SUR1(+/-)), K(ATP) density is reduced by approximately 60%. While both Kir6.2(-/-) and SUR1(-/-) mice are glucose-intolerant and have reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, heterozygous Kir6.2(+/-) and SUR1(+/-) mice show enhanced glucose tolerance and increased GSIS, paralleled by a left-shift in glucose dependence of intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm that incomplete loss of beta cell K(ATP) in vivo underlies a hyperinsulinaemic phenotype, whereas complete loss of K(ATP) underlies eventual secretory failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA. mremedi@wustl.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Remedi
authors.forename: J V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Rocheleau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Piston
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Nichols
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000235:genetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007700:Kinetics; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D064233:Sulfonylurea Receptors; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D064233:Sulfonylurea Receptors; D000099161:Kcnj11 Channel; C577507:ABCC8 protein, human; C577508:Abcc8 protein, mouse; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel