title: Structure in dehydrated trehalose dihydrate--evaluation of the concept of partial crystallinity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (i) To use trehalose as a model compound to evaluate the concept of crystallinity in pharmaceuticals. (ii) To understand the structural nature of dehydrated trehalose dihydrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trehalose dihydrate was dehydrated isothermally at several temperatures below 100 degrees C and the anhydrous product was characterized by XRD, DSC and water vapor sorption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  XRD and DSC suggested that the dehydration product was a partially crystalline alpha-polymorphic form of anhydrous trehalose (T(alpha)). An increase in the temperature of dehydration resulted in a decrease in lattice order. In agreement with earlier findings, the ordered regions in the dehydrated lattice (T(alpha)) converted to the dihydrate at much lower RH values than amorphous trehalose. However, the lattice order in the dehydrated product dictated the RH at which this conversion was initiated--the higher the lattice order the lower this RH. The structural nature of these samples can be explained based on the one-state model of crystallinity. In dehydrated trehalose, there is a continuum in lattice order ranging from highly crystalline (T(alpha)) to a completely disordered (i.e., amorphous) state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of lattice order in anhydrous trehalose T(alpha) was dictated by the kinetics of water removal from trehalose dihydrate. The partially crystalline nature of anhydrous trehalose produced by dehydration could be described on a continuous scale of lattice order based on the one-state model of crystallinity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rani
authors.forename: Ramprakash
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Surana
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suryanarayanan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000465:Algorithms; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003460:Crystallization; D003890:Desiccation; D005612:Freeze Drying; D013696:Temperature; D014199:Trehalose / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D014199:Trehalose