title: Negative and positive regulation of gene expression by mouse histone deacetylase 1.
abstract: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from core histones. Because of their capacity to induce local condensation of chromatin, HDACs are generally considered repressors of transcription. In this report, we analyzed the role of the class I histone deacetylase HDAC1 as a transcriptional regulator by comparing the expression profiles of wild-type and HDAC1-deficient embryonic stem cells. A specific subset of mouse genes (7%) was deregulated in the absence of HDAC1. We identified several putative tumor suppressors (JunB, Prss11, and Plagl1) and imprinted genes (Igf2, H19, and p57) as novel HDAC1 targets. The majority of HDAC1 target genes showed reduced expression accompanied by recruitment of HDAC1 and local reduction in histone acetylation at regulatory regions. At some target genes, the related deacetylase HDAC2 partially masks the loss of HDAC1. A second group of genes was found to be downregulated in HDAC1-deficient cells, predominantly by additional recruitment of HDAC2 in the absence of HDAC1. Finally, a small set of genes (Gja1, Irf1, and Gbp2) was found to require HDAC activity and recruitment of HDAC1 for their transcriptional activation. Our study reveals a regulatory cross talk between HDAC1 and HDAC2 and a novel function for HDAC1 as a transcriptional coactivator.
authors.affiliation: Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Gordin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zupkovitz
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tischler
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Posch
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sadzak
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramsauer
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grausenburger
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schweifer
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiocca
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Decker
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seiser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D000074289:High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D007372:Interferons; D000074289:High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; C492073:HtrA1 protein, mouse; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C484389:Hdac1 protein, mouse; C533424:Hdac2 protein, mouse; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D006655:Histone Deacetylases