title: Eriocalyxin B inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB activation by interfering with the binding of both p65 and p50 to the response element in a noncompetitive manner.
abstract: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been recognized to play a critical role in cell survival and inflammatory processes. It has become a target for intense drug development for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Here, we describe a potent NF-kappaB inhibitor, eriocalyxin B (Eri-B), an ent-kauranoid isolated from Isodon eriocalyx, an anti-inflammatory remedy. The presence of two alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones give this compound the uniqueness among the ent-kauranoids tested. Eri-B inhibited the NF-kappaB transcriptional activity but not that of cAMP response element-binding protein. It suppressed the transcription of NF-kappaB downstream gene products including cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric-oxide synthase induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha or lipopolysaccharide in macrophages and hepatocarcinoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that Eri-B selectively blocked the binding between NF-kappaB and the response elements in vivo without affecting the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor. Down-regulation of the endogenous p65 protein sensitized the cells toward the action of the compound. Furthermore, in vitro binding assays suggested that Eri-B reversibly interfered with the binding of p65 and p50 subunits to the DNA in a noncompetitive manner. In summary, this study reveals the novel action of a potent NF-kappaB inhibitor that could be potentially used for the treatment of a variety of NF-kappaB-associated diseases. Modification of the structure of this class of compounds becomes the key to the control of the behavior of the compound against different cellular signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8066, USA.
authors.forename: Chung-Hang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Susan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Grill
authors.forename: Wing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Han-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yung-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004224:Diterpenes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C516552:eriocalyxin B; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2