title: How much can current interventions reduce colorectal cancer mortality in the U.S.? Mortality projections for scenarios of risk-factor modification, screening, and treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., available interventions to reduce CRC mortality are disseminated only partially throughout the population. This study assessed the potential reduction in CRC mortality that may be achieved through further dissemination of current interventions for risk-factor modification, screening, and treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MISCAN-COLON microsimulation model was used to simulate the 2000 U.S. population with respect to CRC risk-factor prevalence, screening use, and treatment use. The model was used to project age-standardized CRC mortality from 2000 to 2020 for 3 intervention scenarios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without changes in risk-factor prevalence, screening use, and treatment use after 2000, CRC mortality would decrease by 17% by the Year 2020. If the 1995 to 2000 trends continue, then the projected reduction in mortality would be 36%. However, if trends in the prevalence of risk-factors could be improved above continued trends, if screening use increased to 70% of the target population, and if the use of chemotherapy increased among all age groups, then a 49% reduction would be possible. Screening drove most (23%) of the projected mortality reduction with these optimistic trends; however, decreasing risk-factors (16%) and increasing use of chemotherapy (10%) also contributed substantially. The contribution of risk-factors may have been overestimated, because effect estimates could not be obtained from randomized controlled trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently available interventions for risk-factor modification, screening, and treatment have the potential to reduce CRC mortality by almost 50% by the Year 2020. However, without action now to further increase the uptake of current effective interventions, the reduction in CRC mortality may be only 17%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. i.vogelaar@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vogelaar
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Ballegooijen
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schrag
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: Sidney J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Winawer
authors.forename: J Dik F
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Habbema
authors.forename: Ann G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zauber
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States