title: Displacement of the beating heart induces an immediate and sustained increase in myocardial reactive oxygen species.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart manipulation and displacement are common maneuvers during beating heart surgery to expose coronary arteries for revascularization. Effects of heart displacement on free radical generation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have not been previously described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven adult male dogs were anesthetized, a left lateral thoracotomy performed to expose the heart, and the coronary sinus cannulated for ROS sampling during different manipulation protocols: (1) heart in normal position; (2) 90 degree manual heart displacement; (3) Trendelenburg position while the heart displaced 90 degrees and (4) return heart to normal resting anatomical position and plus the operating table returned to horizontal. Heart displacement followed by anatomical re-positioning significantly increased the ROS signal as measured by EPR (50-fold compared with control values; p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trendelenburg positioning and/or repositioning the heart during cardiac surgery may induce acute reperfusion injury and increase ROS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zakaria A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Almsherqi
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.forename: Iouri
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kostetski
authors.forename: Chung-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Chaw-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Shan-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Stacey K H
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Yuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species