title: Family suffering related to war experiences: an interpretative synopsis review of the literature from a caring science perspective.
abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a synopsis review of findings from families' experiences related to combat and war events and to interpret these findings from the perspective of theories of suffering. The method used in the study was a synopsis review of 12 articles dealing with family suffering related to war or combat experiences and an interpretation of the articles from a caring science perspective. Findings from the synopsis review were that the dominant part of the articles viewed suffering in general and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in particular from a medical, psychiatric or psychologically behaviouristic perspective. PTSD and other distress-related conditions were mainly described in terms of their symptoms and dealt with in terms of pathology. The interpretation of the articles from a caring science perspective generated three significant themes: first, interdependence as a spiritual dimension of dependence, secondly, familial communion as sharing moral and spiritual values and thirdly, familial suffering visualized by compassion. The study's conclusion is that, from a caring science perspective, the appearance of family suffering should be comprehended in terms of expressed compassion and that any disturbance within familial communion is likely to have an emotional impact on all of the family members, as a result of their interdependence.
authors.affiliation: Blekinge Institute of Technology, School of Health Science, Karlskrona, Sweden. sis@bth.se
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isovaara
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arman
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rehnsfeldt
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D006808:Humanism; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D009014:Morals; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012107:Research Design; D012945:Social Values; D029181:Spirituality; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D014857:Warfare