title: Anesthesia and analgesia protocols for total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: Uncontrolled pain associated with total knee arthroplasty can have significant untoward effects on patient outcomes, leading to delayed recovery, inability to participate in rehabilitation, prolonged hospitalization, and increased use of health care resources. In this article, I review the methodologies and outcomes of several studies and protocols involving preemptive, perioperative, and postoperative use of various anesthetic and analgesic agents. Used together with minimally invasive techniques, appropriate pain control should result in significant improvements in patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors