title: Abnormal HDL subclasses distribution in overweight children with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Small HDL particles have emerged as significant predictors of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). However, no previous study has investigated HDL size in pediatric subjects with these clinical conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the HDL size distribution by native polyacrilamide gradient gel electrophoresis in 106 overweight children, 47 with T2DM, 43 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 16 with IGT, and 39 healthy weight controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic children had significantly lower proportions of HDL2b and HDL2a, and higher proportions of HDL3b and HDL3c than the other 3 groups. Overweight subjects showed HDL size distributions similar to those of controls. However, insulin-resistant children had lower proportions of HDL2b, and HDL2a, and higher proportions of HDL3b when compared with the insulin-sensitive overweight subjects. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that homeostasis model assessment correlated inversely with HDL2b and HDL2a, and directly with HDL3b, while BMI was independently associated only with HDL3a.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that HDL size distribution was shifted toward smaller particles in T2DM pediatric patients and in overweight children with insulin resistance, independent of their glucose tolerance status. Insulin resistance was the main factor associated with these HDL size abnormalities. This parameter could be useful as an early risk marker of incident diabetes and, probably, of coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", DF, Mexico. opmendez@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pérez-Méndez
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torres-Tamayo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Posadas-Romero
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vidaure Garcés
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carreón-Torres
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Pérez
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Medina Urrutia
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huesca-Gómez
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zamora-González
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Herrera
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol