title: Relationship between diurnal glucose levels and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study results still conflict on the contribution of diurnal blood glucose (BG) values to Hb (A1c) in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the relationship between Hb (A1c) and diurnal BG obtained under standardized conditions - before breakfast, two hours after breakfast, before lunch, two hours after lunch, before dinner, two hours after dinner, and at 10 PM, 12 midnight and 3 AM in 68 type 2 diabetic patients before and after optimizing glycemic control. The areas under the curve above fasting BG (AUC1) and above 5.6 mmol/l (AUC2) were calculated for further evaluation. Hb (A1c) was measured at baseline and after a mean of 89 (74 to 108) days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each BG value at baseline and after treatment optimization significantly correlated with baseline and follow-up Hb (A1c), respectively. The pre-breakfast BG showed the closest correlation with Hb (A1c). The relative contribution of postprandial BG concentrations (AUC1) to overall hyperglycemia (AUC2) decreased with poorer glycemic control. However, treatment optimization mainly resulted in improved blood glucose values in patients with the poorest glycemic control at baseline. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that fasting (AUC2-AUC1) and postprandial (AUC1) hyperglycemia independently determined Hb (A1c) or the change in Hb (A1c) after treatment optimization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that intensive blood glucose monitoring during fasting and postprandial states is important for glycemic control, and is therefore an essential part of good clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Dept. of Medicine, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany. frankpistrosch@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pistrosch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wildbrett
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanefeld
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005215:Fasting / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin