title: Iontophoretic delivery of carboplatin in a murine model of retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and dose-response of transcorneoscleral Coulomb controlled iontophoresis (CCI) of carboplatin in the treatment of retinal tumors of a murine model of retinoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty 6-week-old LHBETATAG mice underwent a total of six, serial iontophoretic treatments administered two times per week using a current density of 2.57 mA/cm2 for 5 minutes. Fourteen animals received carboplatin treatments at concentrations of 1.4, 7.0, 10.0, or 14.0 mg/mL without current. Ten control mice underwent treatment with balanced saline solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-dependent inhibition of intraocular tumor was observed after repetitive iontophoretic treatment. At carboplatin concentrations of 7 mg/mL, 50% of the treated eyes (4/8) exhibited tumor control. No corneal toxicity was observed in eyes treated at carboplatin concentrations under 10 mg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCI delivery of carboplatin safely and effectively controls intraocular tumors in a dose-dependent manner in this murine model of retinoblastoma. CCI is a noninvasive, painless option for the focal delivery of carboplatin. However, further clinical and laboratory research is needed before this method of drug delivery is available for children with retinoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA.
authors.forename: Brandy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: Maria-Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jockovich
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Martina T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kralinger
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voigt
authors.forename: Eleut
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Feuer
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin