title: Subintimal angioplasty of tibial vessel occlusions in critical limb ischaemia: a good opportunity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and the mid-term results of subintimal angioplasty (SA) in the treatment of critical limb ischaemia (CLI) with tibial vessels occlusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between August 2000 and March 2005, we attempted to treat 46 patients (23 men, 23 women, median age of 75 years; range 35-92) and 50 limbs by SA of occluded tibial vessels. Twenty-one had gangrene, 25 ulcerations and 4 had rest pain. Thirty-nine occlusions (78%) were more than 10 cm in length, 28 (56%) involved popliteal and tibial artery and distal re-entry was at the ankle level in 18 cases (36%). Twenty-eight patients (61%) were diabetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were nine technical failures. Five of these patients were successfully treated medically (1), by conventional surgery (1) or by conventional angioplasty of another diseased tibial vessel (3). The four remaining patients had major amputation and 3 died within 3 months. There were 7 complications including 2 embolisms, 1 perforation and 4 haematomas. By intention to treat, one-year primary, secondary and clinical patency rates were 46%, 55% and 63%, respectively. One and two-year limb salvage rates were 87%. One and two-year survival rates were 74% and 64%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SA of tibial vessel occlusions is a valuable treatment of CLI. Technical failures do not preclude conventional surgery when there is a valuable outflow. Complications may often be treated medically or by endovascular procedures. Results have to be confirmed by long-term follow up. Both techniques should be considered as complementary techniques in the management of CLI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier du Grand Hornu, Hornu, Belgium. hubert.vraux@tiscali.be
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vraux
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bertoncello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D023821:Limb Salvage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D016909:Tibial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000601:surgery*; D014654:Vascular Patency