title: Decision making and counseling around mammography screening for women aged 80 or older.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite uncertain benefit, many women over age 80 (oldest-old) receive screening mammography.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore decision-making and physician counseling of oldest-old women around mammography screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative research using in-depth semi-structured interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three women aged 80 or older who received care at a large academic primary care practice (13 had undergone mammography screening in the past 2 years) and 16 physicians at the same center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We asked patients and physicians to describe factors influencing mammography screening decisions of oldest-old women. We asked physicians to describe their counseling about screening to the oldest-old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients and/or physicians identified the importance of physician influence, patient preferences, system factors, and social influences on screening decisions. Although physicians felt that patient's health affected screening decisions, few patients felt that health mattered. Three types of elderly patients were identified: (1) women enthusiastic about screening mammography; (2) women opposed to screening mammography; and (3) women without a preference who followed their physician's recommendation. However, physician counseling about mammography screening to elderly women varies; some individualize discussions; others encourage screening; few discourage screening. Physicians report that discussions about stopping screening can be uncomfortable and time consuming. Physicians suggest that more data could facilitate these discussions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some oldest-old women have strong opinions about screening mammography while others are influenced by physicians. Discussions about stopping screening are challenging for physicians. More data about the benefits and risks of mammography screening for women aged 80 or older could inform patients and improve provider counseling to lead to more rational use of mammography.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. mschonbe@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Mara A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schonberg
authors.forename: Radhika A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ramanan
authors.forename: Ellen P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Marcantonio
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013637:Tape Recording