title: The effects of Gingko biloba extract on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gingko biloba is an antioxidant substance which has antagonistic activity on platelet-activating factor. We aimed to investigate the antioxidant effect and the histopathologic changes caused by Gingko biloba on acetic acid-induced colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 22 rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=7) served as the control group. Group 2 (n=7) and Group 3 (n=8) were given 2 ml/day of 4% acetic acid by intracolonic instillation for three days. Gingko biloba (100 mg/kg) was then given only to Group 3 intraperitoneally for three days. Oxidative stress was assessed by determinate tissue and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and colonic damage was assessed by histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depth of necrosis, extent of necrosis, degree of inflammation, extent of inflammation, fibrosis and total histologic scores in Group 2 were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). The same parameters were lower in Group 3 versus Group 2, but the difference was not significant. Tissue and serum MDA levels in Group 2 were significantly higher than Group 1 (p<0.01 and 0.05, respectively). Again, the same parameters in Group 3 were lower than in Group 2, but the difference was not significant statistically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gingko biloba did not significantly affect histopathological and oxidative stress parameters in experimental colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey. mharputluoglu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Murat M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Harputluoglu
authors.forename: Ulvi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yücel
authors.forename: Neşe
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karadağ
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Temel
authors.forename: Serpil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Firat
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ara
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aladağ
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karincaoğlu
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hilmioğlu
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D019342:Acetic Acid