title: Interaction between stem cell factor and endothelin-1: effects on melanogenesis in human skin xenografts.
abstract: The two paracrine melanogenic cytokines, stem cell factor (SCF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in skin pigmentation including UVB-induced pigmentation and senile lentigo. However, little is known regarding their interactive effect on skin pigmentation. In order to investigate their roles in vivo, facultative pigmentation of human skin xenografts on severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was assessed. After 1 week of acclimation in a pathogen-free barrier, dermatomed fresh cadaveric skin was surgically grafted onto the back of the mice and allowed to heal for 5-6 weeks prior to cytokine administration. Intradermal injections of SCF at 0.7 or 2.0 microg significantly increased skin pigmentation when compared to vehicle control. Despite the lack of a dose-dependent pigmentation response following ET-1 administration, the combination of 0.2 microg SCF and 0.1 microg ET-1 demonstrated a statistically significant increase in tyrosinase gene expression substantiated by the enhancement of melanin content and skin pigmentation compared to treatment with SCF alone or ET-1 alone. These findings establish an in vivo interaction between SCF and ET-1 with regard to their capacity to effect an increase in skin pigmentation.
authors.affiliation: Skin Sciences Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0592, USA, Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, Japan.
authors.forename: Penkanok
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sriwiriyanont
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hachiya
authors.forename: Marty O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.forename: Raymond E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Boissy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D008543:Melanins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit