title: Statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction: recommendations for performance and interpretation Part II: How to perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing in chronic heart failure.
abstract: Basic and practical information related to equipment, methodology, exercise protocols, conduct of the test and quality control issues for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) will be addressed in this II part of the statement. CPET users have the responsibility for assuring that measurements remain accurate. CPT, especially when it features breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis, requires meticulous attention to calibration procedures to assure accurate and reproducible measurements. Skills and knowledge of personnel for supervision and test interpretation, as well as patient preparation and information are key features for a correct CPET conduction: all these issues will be faced. Finally, after the test, the investigator needs to format the results in a manner that optimises the ability to discriminate essential response features; that is, to establish 'interpretive clusters' of the variables of interest. An example of a cardiopulmonary summary exercise test data report will be provided, defining the most important information that should be incorporated in a final report.
authors.forename: Massimo F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Piepoli
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Corrà
authors.forename: Pier Giuseppe
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: Romualdo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belardinelli
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen-Solal
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hambrecht
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhees
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards; D000075202:Contraindications; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*