title: Persistent infection with and serologic cross-reactivity of three novel murine noroviruses.
abstract: According to serologic testing, murine norovirus is the most prevalent viral pathogen in contemporary laboratory mice. Previously, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) was the only norovirus reported to infect research mice. In this study, 3 novel murine norovirus strains--MNV-2, MNV-3, and MNV-4--were isolated from geographically separate mouse research colonies. All 4 murine norovirus strains used as individual antigens in microsphere fluorescent immunoassays displayed serologic cross-reactivity to serum from mice inoculated with MNV-1, MNV-2, MNV-3, or MNV-4. In addition, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis at 8 wk postinoculation detected virus in the feces and tissues of all mice experimentally inoculated with MNV-2, MNV-3, or MNV-4. This finding suggests that mice can have prolonged fecal shedding of and can become persistently infected with murine noroviruses.
authors.affiliation: Research Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA. hsuc@missouri.edu
authors.forename: Charlie C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Lela K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Livingston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral