title: Human mesenchymal progenitor cell responses to a novel textured poly(L-lactide) scaffold for ligament tissue engineering.
abstract: Biocompatibility and cell seeding capability of a new cell scaffold made of textured polylactic acid (PLA) fibers was investigated as a new material for tissue engineering of anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL). Adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPC) was investigated after 15 days by scanning electron microscopy and standard histology. Expression of collagen type I and III, fibronectin, tenascin C, decorin, smooth muscle actin, and the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-1 and MMP-2, as well as their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was analyzed using real-time PCR. Protein expression of collagen I and III, tenascin C, and proliferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined by immunohistology. Apoptosis was analyzed by detection of p53 expression and TUNEL staining. MPC seeded the scaffold homogeneously and showed good cell growth and no increased rate of apoptosis. After 15 days, the matrix forming genes collagen type I, tenascin C, and decorin were upregulated, indicating the formation of a ligament-like matrix. MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were also significantly increased, suggesting initial matrix remodeling. It was concluded that the new porous PLA scaffold allowed homogeneous cell seeding, a fibroblastic phenotype and the production of a ligament-like matrix and, therefore, might be a suitable cell carrier for ACL tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heckmann
authors.forename: Heiter-Julian
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schlenker
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fiedler
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dauner
authors.forename: Gerolf
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergenthal
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mattes
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Claes
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ignatius
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments; D008422:Materials Testing; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011091:Polyesters; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C033616:poly(lactide); D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1