title: Urinary levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility of an assay for urinary levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the potential usefulness of urinary MMPs as a marker of coronary atherosclerosis or acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured urine and plasma MMP-9, MMP-2 and urine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) in patients with ACS (n=27), patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but no clinical instability (n=47) and a group of healthy volunteers (n=15) who were <35 years of age, had no risk factors for CAD and did not undergo angiography. Compared with volunteers, patients with ACS and CAD had higher urine MMP-9, urine TIMP-1, plasma MMP-9 and plasma MMP-2 levels, but these did not differ between those with CAD and ACS. Using the volunteers to roughly establish an upper limit of normal, 84% of the urine TIMP-1 values and 95% of the urine MMP-9 values were abnormally elevated among those with CAD and ACS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels are elevated in patients with CAD and ACS compared with healthy volunteers. A high percent of patients with CAD or ACS had elevated urine values of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 suggesting these variables might be a useful marker of atherosclerotic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Texas A&M University College of Medicine and Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fitzsimmons
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forough
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: D Scott
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gantt
authors.forename: M Hasan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rajab
authors.forename: Hyunsun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weylie
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spiekerman
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Dehmer
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002624:Chemistry, Clinical / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9