title: The RHCE allele ceCF: the molecular basis of Crawford (RH43).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Crawford antigen (RH43) was described in 1980. It occurred in African American people, as a low-prevalence Rhesus antigen, who were also VS+.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve blood samples were analyzed because of inquiries into discrepant reactions in routine anti-D typing. The RHCE alleles were determined by nucleotide sequencing from genomic DNA. The D epitope profile was determined with 60 monoclonal anti-D. The population frequency was estimated in four major US regional blood centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The novel RHce(W16C, Q233E, L245V) allele, dubbed ceCF, was found to be occurring in the cde haplotype as cause of the reactivity with the immunoglobulin M anti-D GAMA401. The ceCF phenotype expressed few D epitopes resembling but not matching the reaction patterns observed with other RhCE variants, like R0 (Har), ceRT, and ceSL. The frequency of the ceCF phenotype was 0.056 percent among African American persons and 0.007 percent in the general US population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The novel RHce(W16C, Q233E, L245V) allele, which is a variant of the known ce(s) allele, RHce(W16C, L245V), occurs in a haplotype with the RHD deletion and represents the molecular basis of the Crawford antigen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany. waf@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Willy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Flegel
authors.forename: Franz F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlanser
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frame
authors.forename: Connie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Westhoff
authors.forename: Marilyn K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Moulds
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000483:Alleles; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000276:immunology; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000939:Epitopes; C066468:RHCE protein, human; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System