title: 3D-CT evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with maxillofacial deformities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to characterize the symmetrical features of patients with facial deformities and to suggest a classification system for facial asymmetry based on 3-dimensional-computed tomography (3D-CT) evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative CT images were investigated for 49 patients with maxillofacial deformities. Asymmetry indices were calculated for some landmarks in the maxilla, mandibular body and the mandibular ramus regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asymmetry was observed most frequently in the mandibular body region. The subjects were divided into 3 groups. Subjects without any asymmetry in the 3 regions were classified as Group I (44.9%). Groups II or III were defined for subjects without or with maxillary region asymmetry, respectively, and they were subcategorized. In Group IIA (8.2%), asymmetry was shown solely in the mandibular body region, and in Group IIB (18.4%), additional asymmetry was shown in the mandibular ramus region. Group IIIA (6.1%) showed asymmetry only in the maxillary region, and Group IIIB (22.4%) showed asymmetry in all 3 regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D-CT classification for facial asymmetry has the potential to replace the conventional cephalometric classification.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya and Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katsumata
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ariji
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shigemi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurita
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ariji
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000002:abnormalities; D019767:Maxillofacial Abnormalities / Q000150:complications*; D011378:Prognathism / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods