title: Long-term results in three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of localized prostate cancer at moderate dose (66 Gy).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biochemical control (bNED), disease-specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS), and late gastrointestinal (GI) and urogenital (UG) side effects (EORTC/RTOG) of patients with long-term follow-up were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional radiotherapy up to 66 Gy with/without additional hormonal therapy was performed in 154 prostate cancer (T1-3 N0 M0) patients. According to T-stage, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and grading, patients were divided into a low-, intermediate-, and high-risk group. The 5-, 8-, and 10-year actuarial rates of bNED, DSS and OS and late side effects were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 80 months. Additional hormonal therapy was given in 57% of patients. Distribution concerning risk groups (low, intermediate, high) showed 15%, 49%, and 36% of patients, respectively. bNED 5-, 8-, and 10-year actuarial rates were 46%, 44%, and 44%. DSS 5-, 8- and 10-year rates amounted to 96%, 90%, and 82%. OS 5-, 8- and 10-year rates were 81%, 64%, and 56%. In uni- and multivariate analysis, only pretreatment PSA (<10 vs. >or=10 ng/ml; p<0.05) and PSA nadir (<0.5 vs. >or=0.5 ng/ml; p<0.0001) affected bNED significantly. Age, risk group, T-stage, grading, and hormonal therapy had no significant influence on bNED, DSS, and OS. Rates of late GI and UG side effects grade>or=2 at 5 years were 17% and 15%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current dose escalation studies with better bNED rates may be able to further increase long-term clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, University Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. Gregor.Goldner@akhwien.at
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goldner
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wachter
authors.forename: Natascha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wachter-Gerstner
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dieckmann
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pötter
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen