title: Monitoring of EBV-DNAemia by quantitative real-time PCR after adult liver transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in transplantation. The clinical significance of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of PTLD is clear, but not all EBV-reactivations cause PTLD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively analyzed EBV-DNAemia in liver transplant patients by a quantitative TaqMan-based real-time plasma PCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Altogether 1284 specimens, obtained from 105 patients for frequent monitoring of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus-6 and -7 (HHV-6, HHV-7) during the post-transplant year, were retrospectively tested for EBV-DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether, 14/105 (13%) patients showed EBV-DNAemia, which usually occurred within 3 months after transplantation and subsided within a few weeks. EBV-DNAemia occurred concurrently with CMV in 10/14, with HHV-6 in 11/14, and with all three betaherpesviruses in 4/14 cases. The peak viral loads were relatively low (median 2100 EBV-DNA copies/ml, range 568-6600), except in one patient who first had low-level EBV-DNA (562-3022 copies/ml) in the early post-transplant period, but on day 175 after transplantation developed high-level DNAemia (9851-86,975copies/ml) which continued for 6 months and developed into PTLD at 6 months after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-level EBV-DNAemia is common after liver transplantation, often occurring together with betaherpesviruses, but seldom leads to high viral loads or PTLD. However, monitoring of EBV-DNA levels in the patients can be useful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Raisa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loginov
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aalto
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Piiparinen
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halme
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arola
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: Krister
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Höckerstedt
authors.forename: Irmeli
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lautenschlager
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral