title: Goal-based action selection and utility-based action bias.
abstract: According to artificial intelligence studies, goal-based and utility-based agents can select an action to attain a desired outcome. The goal-based agent sets a specific goal regardless of its utility at first, and selects the action that leads to that goal (goal-based action selection). The utility-based agent compares the utilities of different possible outcomes, and selects the action that causes the outcome with the highest utility (utility-based action bias). The medial prefrontal cortex is involved in implementing the goal-based action selection and the striatum is involved in implementing the utility-based action bias. Goal-based action selection may be temporarily dominant over the utility-based action bias in a new environment, whereas the utility-based action bias becomes dominant after acquisition of action utilities in the environment. This transition of dominance between the two decision systems may be enhanced by a reference-point shift based on the goal-setting process during goal-based action selection.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Brain Mapping Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan. matsumot@riken.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015982:Bias; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012201:Reward