Assessing war trauma in refugees: properties of the Comprehensive Trauma Inventory-104.
In this article, the authors describe the properties of the Comprehensive Trauma Inventory-104 (CTI-104), developed and designed empirically to improve assessment of traumatic war-related events. The mean number of events reported by 252 community dwelling Kurdish and Vietnamese refugees was 32 (SD=27) out of the 104 items. Internal and test-retest reliability was excellent, and the validity of the CTI-104 as a measure of war trauma was supported by its high correlation with standard measures of known outcomes of trauma. The CTI-104 is reliable and valid, and assesses a broader range of traumatic war-related events in a broader range of refugees than currently available instruments.
Hollifield
Michael
M
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. m.hollifield@louisville.edu
Warner
Teddy D
TD
Jenkins
Janis
J
Sinclair-Lian
Nityamo
N
Krakow
Barry
B
Eckert
Valorie
V
Karadaghi
Pary
P
Westermeyer
Joseph
J
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008877:Middle East / Q000208:ethnology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology; D014857:Warfare