title: Effect of hypo- and hypersaline conditions on osmolality and Na+/K+-ATPase activity in juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed low- and high-HUFA diets.
abstract: Fatty acid composition of cellular membranes can modify permeability and can modulate the activity of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Although highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) improve survival and osmoregulatory capacity to low salinities in penaeid shrimp, the possible mechanisms have not been established. For this purpose the influence of HUFA supplementation in diet (2.9 vs. 34% HUFA proportion to total fatty acids) on osmoregulatory responses of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei submitted to an acute (15 h) or chronic exposure (21 days), to low (5 g L(-1)) and high salinities (50 g L(-1)) was analyzed. Shrimp fed the high-HUFA diet, had higher concentration of main HUFA (20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3) in polar lipids of gills. Osmotic pressure in hemolymph was significantly affected by salinity in acute (640, 751, 847 mOsm/kg for 5, 30 and 50 g L(-1), respectively), and chronic exposure (645, 713, 814 mOsm/kg), but variations between them were small compared to environmental salinity (206, 832, 1547 mOsm/kg), indicating that osmoregulation was achieved in a matter of hours. An increase in Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity was observed only after a chronic exposure to low salinity. Free amino acids (FAA), mainly alanine and arginine, were higher at 30 (control) and 50 g L(-1) in accordance to their role as organic osmolites. Neither osmotic pressure, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, nor FAA was affected by HUFA supplementation. However, higher water content in gills of shrimp exposed to low salinities was counteracted by increased HUFA content, which could be a result of changes in water permeability of gills. The osmoregulatory capacity of penaeid shrimp to low and high salinities was achieved within 15 h of acclimation and did not depend on HUFA supplementation in the diet.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, México.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hurtado
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, México.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Racotta
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, México.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Civera
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, México.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ibarra
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana - Ensenada, Ensenada, B.C. 22860, México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, México. Electronic address: epalacio@cibnor.mx.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palacios
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005880:Gills / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D011506:Proteins; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase