title: Electromyographic findings in nucleus pulposus-induced radiculopathy in the rat.
abstract: METHODS
  This study was conducted to investigate the electromyographic changes and their pathophysiologic background in the animal model of nucleus pulposus-induced radiculopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To observe the abnormal spontaneous activities in the electromyography (EMG) of rats with nucleus pulposus-induced radiculopathy and assess the role of nitric oxide in their development.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been shown that application of nucleus pulposus to nerve roots induces changes consistent with radiculopathy. However, to our knowledge, electromyographic findings and their background have never been studied in this model of radiculopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous nucleus pulposus was harvested from the tails of Sprague-Dawley rats, and applied to L4 and L5 nerve roots. The rats were tested for mechanical allodynia, motor paresis, and needle EMG, before and after surgery. Specimens of nerve roots were stained histochemically for nitrotyrosine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rats had mechanical allodynia after surgery, but motor paresis was absent. EMG showed abnormal spontaneous activities after surgery, but only temporarily. Immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine was detected in the cell bodies and axons of nerve roots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that abnormal spontaneous activities can be observed in electromyographic examination of nucleus pulposus-induced radiculopathy. The development of these activities is considered related to nitric oxide-mediated protein nitration and resultant axonal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Choongnam, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tai Ryoon
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jung Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Na-Hye
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Myong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004576:Electromyography; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine