title: Comparison of annexin II, p63 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase immunoreactivity in prostatic tissue: a tissue microarray study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current ancillary markers for diagnosis in prostate biopsies include p63 and alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR). Annexin II (ANXII), a calcium and phospholipid binding protein, is lost in prostate cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate ANXII expression in order to assess its utility as a novel diagnostic marker in comparison to p63 and AMACR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using immunohistochemistry on six tissue microarrays, ANXII, p63, and AMACR expression was analysed from 210 radical prostatectomy cases. Staining was evaluated in benign and atrophic glands, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Separate scores were given for ANXII, AMACR and p63 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diffuse cytoplasmic expression of ANXII correlated with p63 reactivity in basal cells. Benign glands were positive for ANXII in 286/292 cores (98%) and negative for AMACR in all 292 cores. HGPIN showed heterogeneous expression of AMACR and ANXII. A significantly larger proportion of HGPIN glands were correctly identified as ANXII negative than as positive for AMACR. ANXII loss in prostate cancer was found in 282/320 cores (88%) and correlated with positive AMACR expression (272/320 cores, 85%), which was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant correlation between ANXII scores and the clinical parameters examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunohistochemical staining for ANXII is a consistent and reliable marker of prostatic neoplasia. The findings of this study suggest the potential utility of ANXII as a diagnostic aid in prostate cancer histopathology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jocelyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fleshner
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sweet
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017306:Annexin A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011468:Prostatectomy; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017306:Annexin A2; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C115051:TP63 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019998:Racemases and Epimerases; C108352:alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase