title: Behavioral responses of Rhagoletis cingulata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to GF-120 insecticidal bait enhanced with ammonium acetate.
abstract: GF-120 is a baited formulation of the insecticide spinosad containing 1% ammonium acetate, developed for control of economically important fruit flies. The response of feral cherry fruit flies, Rhagoletis cingulata Loew, to GF-120 augmented with 0, 5, or 10% ammonium acetate was evaluated under orchard conditions. Significantly more flies were observed within 30 cm of bait droplets with 10% ammonium acetate added compared with standard bait or to a water control. These fly visits to GF-120 enhanced with 10 or 5% ammonium acetate lasted an average of 263.2 +/- 85.2 and 337.6 +/- 72.6 s, respectively, compared with 50.3 +/- 36.4 s for standard GF-120. Droplets containing additional ammonium acetate also were contacted by more flies, and more flies fed upon these droplets than on GF-120 or the water control. Furthermore, the duration of feeding on GF-120 bait enhanced with either level of additional ammonium acetate was significantly greater compared with standard GF-120 or water. Feeding events lasted between 61.5 +/- 30.7 and 73.4 +/- 21.0 s on enhanced GF-120 compared with 6.8 +/- 5.7 s on standard GF-120. Collectively, these results indicate that the interaction of feral R. cingulata with GF-120 droplets and the toxicant spinosad can be increased by addition of ammonium acetate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Pelz-Stelinski
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gut
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isaacs
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D027861:Prunus / Q000469:parasitology; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; C018824:ammonium acetate; C415329:spinosad