title: Exposure to aerosolized bacteria and fungi among collectors of commercial, mixed residential, recyclable and compostable waste.
abstract: Biological hazards associated with the collection of solid and compostable waste have not been well characterized in North America. This is an issue because workers who handle such materials may be exposed to bioaerosols (airborne bacteria and fungi) and dusts resulting in infections or allergic diseases. We conducted a personal sampling campaign for culturable bacteria and fungi in the breathing zones of waste collectors in a variety of typical work settings (scenarios) in the province of Quebec, Canada. Total culturable bacterial and fungal counts were analyzed and compared to ambient environmental levels (background) to determine the degree of incremental exposure among workers. In several scenarios, worker exposure counts were significantly (p < or = 0.05) higher than ambient levels measured upwind, with the highest personal exposures to bacteria observed for urban compostable waste collectors (median = 50,300 Colony Forming Units/m(3) of air (CFU/m(3))). On the other hand, fungal counts collected on an every-other-week cycle were highest among a group of rural compostable waste collectors (median = 101,700 CFU/m(3)). Similar exposures to culturable bacteria and fungi have been reported in European workers who showed such adverse health effects as nausea, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract irritation, and allergy. Therefore, it may be necessary to modify certain work practices in order to minimize exposure. Recommendations include automation of waste and compost collection, use of personal protective equipment including goggles, gloves, and disposable masks, and meticulous personal hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Hygienist, Institut de Recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et en Sécurité du Travail du Québec, 505 de Maisonneuve West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 3C2. lavoie.jacques@irsst.qc.ca
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavoie
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Dunkerley
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosatsky
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dufresne
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000391:Air Microbiology / Q000592:standards; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011482:Protective Devices; D011792:Quebec; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational