title: An integrated anaerobic/aerobic bioprocess for the remediation of chlorinated phenol-contaminated soil and groundwater.
abstract: An investigation of biodegradation of chlorinated phenol in an anaerobic/aerobic bioprocess environment was made. The reactor configuration used consisted of linked anaerobic and aerobic reactors, which served as a model for a proposed bioremediation strategy. The proposed strategy was studied in two reactors before linkage. In the anaerobic compartment, the transformation of the model contaminant, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), to lesser-chlorinated metabolites was shown to occur during reductive dechlorination under sulfate-reducing conditions. The consortium was also shown to desorb and mobilize 2,4,6-TCP in soils. This was followed, in the aerobic compartment, by biodegradation of the pollutant and metabolites, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and phenol, by immobilized white-rot fungi. The integrated process achieved elimination of the compound by more than 99% through fungal degradation of metabolites produced in the dechlorination stage. pH correction to the anaerobic reactor was found to be necessary because acidic effluent from the fungal reactor inhibited sulfate reduction and dechlorination.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Biotechnology Research Unit, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. clark.ehlers@boku.ac.at
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ehlers
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000502:physiology*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000502:physiology*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D009153:Mutagens; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C024564:2,4,6-trichlorophenol