title: Efficacy and safety of pramipexole in restless legs syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pramipexole in patients with moderate to severe restless legs syndrome (RLS) METHODS: The authors conducted a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fixed doses of pramipexole (0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/day). Patients (N = 344) were up-titrated to their randomized dose over 3 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoints were patient ratings of symptom severity on the International RLS Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS) and clinician ratings of improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scale. Secondary efficacy endpoints included visual analogue ratings of sleep and quality of life (QOL) RESULTS: By both primary measures, pramipexole was superior to placebo. For IRLS, the adjusted mean (SE) change from baseline to week 12 was -9.3 (1.0) for placebo, -12.8 (1.0) for 0.25 mg/day, -13.8 (1.0) for 0.50 mg/day, and -14.0 (1.0) for 0.75 mg/day (all p < 0.01). Similarly, pramipexole increased the percentage of patients with a CGI-I rating of "very much improved" or "much improved" at the end of the trial (51.2% for placebo and 74.7%, 67.9%, and 72.9% for pramipexole; all p < 0.05). Pramipexole significantly improved ratings of symptom severity, day and night, and also ratings of sleep satisfaction and QOL. Pramipexole was well tolerated: The most frequent adverse events with higher occurrence in the pramipexole group were nausea (19.0% vs 4.7%) and somnolence (10.1% vs 4.7%)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As rated by patients and by clinicians, pramipexole was efficacious and safe in reducing the symptoms of restless legs syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Sleep Health Center, 1505 Commonwealth Avenue, Brighton, MA 02135, USA. jwwinkelman@partners.org
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Winkelman
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kushida
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koester
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cappola
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reess
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077487:Pramipexole; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077487:Pramipexole