title: Dominantly transmitted focal dystonia in families of patients with musician's cramp.
abstract: Musician's dystonia is generally considered a sporadic disorder. We present three families with the index patient affected by musician's dystonia, but other forms of upper limb focal task-specific dystonia (FTSD), mainly writer's cramp, in seven relatives. Our results suggest a genetic contribution to FTSD with phenotypic variability, including musician's dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hanover University of Music and Drama, Hanover, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jabusch
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altenmüller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagenah
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brüggemann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hedrich
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saunders-Pullman
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bressman
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004421:Dystonia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009120:Muscle Cramp / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D009146:Music; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors