title: "It can always happen": the impact of urinary incontinence on elderly men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on the quality of life of the elderly in the general population and to identify factors with the greatest effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative and quantitative analyses of interview data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients from the nine family practices of the Nijmegen University Research Network.
  
  
  METHODS
  Independently living patients aged 60 and over.
  
  
  METHODS
  All independently living patients aged 60 and over with uncomplicated UI were interviewed at home using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and open-ended questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 56 men and 314 women were interviewed. A majority do not have such an impact. In the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) emotional well-being was most affected. Half to one-third of the patients felt nervous, embarrassed, or frustrated because of their incontinence. In the social domain "clothing" and "fear of odour" scored the highest impact. The most affected practical consequence in the IIQ was "going to places where you are not sure about the availability of a toilet" followed by "travelling longer than 20 minutes" and "entertainment". Men reported higher impact scores than women, despite the fact that incontinence was less severe in men. The most important effect of incontinence reported in men was "being out of control" while most women considered "feeling impelled to take several precautions" to be the most important consequence of UI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UI affects nearly half of patients, particularly as regards their emotional well-being and in public activities. Men experienced more impact compared with women and experienced loss of control more often than women.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands. D.Teunissen@hag.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Doreth
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teunissen
authors.forename: Wil
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Van Den Bosch
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Weel
authors.forename: Toine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lagro-Janssen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy