Urokinase-receptor (u-PAR): an essential player in multiple games of cancer: a review on its role in tumor progression, invasion, metastasis, proliferation/dormancy, clinical outcome and minimal residual disease.
The relevance of the u-PA system in mediating tumor-associated proteolysis, invasion and metastasis, amongst other phenomena associated with tumor progression, has been clearly demonstrated in diverse cancer entities. This review will update on the biological and clinical relevance of the urokinase-receptor (u-PAR). Specifically, the article focuses on the potential importance of u-PAR for the development of minimal residual disease in solid cancer, and in this context reviews the biological relevance of the u-PAR for tumor cell dormancy. Furthermore, transcriptional mechanisms regulating u-PAR in vitro and in vivo, and their potential clinical and therapeutic relevance in gastrointestinal cancers, are elucidated.
Laufs
Stephanie
S
Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology, Klinikum Mannheim, Joint Unit Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg.
Schumacher
Jens
J
Allgayer
Heike
H
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator