title: One percent ability and ninety-nine percent perspiration: a study of a Japanese memorist.
abstract: In 1987, Hideaki Tomoyori, a Japanese memorist, set a world record for reciting the first 40,000 digits of pi. The authors report results from a series of tests that give a view of Tomoyori's memory performance compared with that of a control group, matched for age and educational level. He showed very good scores on tasks with digits, such as digit memory span tasks and 5 x 5 number matrix learning, although some of the control participants were nearly as good. In contrast, his performance was not particularly good for learning word lists and story recall. Overall, his performance on the tasks does not suggest that he has superior cognitive abilities. We believe that his extraordinary memory performance in reciting the digits of pi results from his effective use of a combination of digit-syllable transformations and imagery mnemonics developed from extensive practice. These results are consistent with the skilled memory framework.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of the Sacred Heart, Tokyo, Japan. mtakahas@u-sacred-heart.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tomoyori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*