title: Effects of smoking cessation on the risk of laryngeal cancer: an overview of published studies.
abstract: Epidemiological studies showed that stopping smoking substantially decreases the risk of lung cancer. With reference to laryngeal cancer, at least four cohort studies and 15 case-control studies reported information on smoking cessation. These studies indicated that the risk of laryngeal cancer is considerably reduced in ex-smokers as compared to current smokers. The relative risk steeply decreases with time since stopping smoking, with reductions by about 60% after 10-15 years since cessation, and even larger after 20 years. The favorable effect of stopping smoking is already evident within few years after cessation, thus suggesting that smoking has a relevant impact on the late stage of laryngeal carcinogenesis. However, several years after stopping smoking, ex-smokers still have elevated risks of laryngeal cancer as compared to never smokers. In conclusion, the epidemiological evidence clearly indicates that cessation of smoking is the best measure to reduce laryngeal cancer risk, the beneficial effect being evident within a few years after cessation, and steadily increasing with passing time since cessation.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Laboratory of Epidemiology, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy. bosetti@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bosetti
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Garavello
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013997:Time Factors