title: Image-guided ultrasonography for recurrent cystic gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term survival of patients with recurrent gliomas depends on the extent of resection. Thus, the desirability of an intra-operative imaging modality that can augment the resection extension without affecting vital surrounding structures is more than obvious. It was the aim of the present study to evaluate a possible benefit of image-guided intra-operative ultrasonography for the surgery of recurrent gliomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed ultrasonography-assisted image-guided resection of recurrent gliomas in 16 patients. An ultrasound device (IGSonic) was integrated into the VectorVision2 navigation system (BrainLAB, Heimstetten, Germany). The IGSonic Probe 10V5 was connected to the VectorVision Navigation station via an IGSonic Device Box. Following patient registration, MRI based neuronavigation was used to determine the skin incision and the bone flap. Before opening the dura, the underlying structures were explored by ultrasound combined with the corresponding MR images. The navigated ultrasound displayed the sonographic image of the intracranial anatomy on the navigation screen in a composed overlay fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The integration of intra-operative ultrasound into neuronavigation system offered quick and helpful intra-operative images in all 16 procedures. Due to the specific ultrasonic characteristics of the solid and the cystic parts, our technique created highly useful images in 10 patients with cystic recurrences. In these, user friendly images were obtained that were easy to understand even for neurosurgeons without major experience in intra-operative ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurosonography is a time- and cost-effective technology offering intra-operative imaging. The improved orientation and visualization of tumour remnants, adjacent ventricles, and the enhanced intra- and peri-tumoural vasculature is one of the main advantages of ultrasonography-assisted image-guided surgery, which is most obvious during surgery for cystic gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Enchev
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bozinov
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tirakotai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertalanffy
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sure
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004453:Echoencephalography; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome