title: Three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis of a daily activity drinking from a glass: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Development of reliable and objective evaluation methods is required, particularly for natural and goal-oriented upper-extremity tasks. Three-dimensional imaging measurement techniques have turned out to be a powerful tool for a quantitative and qualitative assessment of multijoint movements. The purpose of this study was to develop and test a method of three-dimensional motion analysis for the activity "drinking from a glass" and describe the drinking task with kinematic variables in control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A protocol was developed for the drinking activity including the set-up of cameras and positions of the markers and the subject. The drinking task included reaching, forward transport with glass, drinking, back transport and returning the hand to the initial position. An optoelectronic system was used for the three-dimensional kinematic motion capture. Movement times, velocities, joint angles and interjoint coordination for shoulder and elbow were computed and analyzed for twenty control subjects. Test-retest consistency was evaluated for six subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The test protocol showed good consistency in test-retest. Phase definitions for the drinking task were defined and verified. Descriptive kinematic variables were obtained for movement times, positions, velocities and joint angles for shoulder and elbow joint. Interjoint coordination between shoulder and elbow joint in reaching phase showed a high correlation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a detailed description of the three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the drinking task. Our approach to investigate and analyze a goal-oriented daily activity has a great clinical potential. Consequently, the next step is to use and test this protocol on persons with impairments and disabilities from upper extremities.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Clinical Neuroscience-Rehabilitation Medicin, University of Göteborg, Sweden. margit.alt@telia.com
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alt Murphy
authors.forename: Katharina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sunnerhagen
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnels
authors.forename: Carin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willén