title: Long-term trends and geographic variations in the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of 11,312 patients in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The survival rates of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated over the past 20 years to clarify the long-term survival trend.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 11 312 patients with HCC from seven medical centers from 1986 to 2002 were included. Survival was analyzed by correlating data with the national mortality databank.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis showed that the following factors were associated with shorter survival: male sex, younger age, hepatitis B virus, earlier year of diagnosis, alpha fetoprotein higher than 400 ng/mL, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) higher than two times the upper normal limit, higher aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ALT ratio, central or southern Taiwan residence, and rural areas residence. Patients diagnosed during 1998-2002 showed the highest survival rate, followed by patients diagnosed during 1994-1997, 1990-1993, and 1986-1989, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are geographic variations in the survival rates of patients with HCC. Survival has been improving gradually over the past 20 years, probably due to earlier detection of HCC or to improved patient care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Sheng-Shun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ting-Tsung
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ken-Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hans Hsienhong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shun-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chuan-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chi-Sin
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Changchien
authors.forename: Chien-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jin-Chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Ding-Shinn
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sheng-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors