title: Nebulized pentoxifylline for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants: a pilot clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of nebulized pentoxifylline (PTXF) compared to intravenous dexamethasone (DX) or placebo (nebulized distilled water) for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty very low birth weight infants were randomly assigned to three groups. Entry criteria were the need for oxygen administration on the fourth day of life, irrespective of whether ventilatory support was required. PTXF was administered with a nebulizer every 6 hours on three consecutive days (a single course) in a dose of 20 mg/kg when infants were breathing spontaneously or 10 mg/kg when they needed ventilatory support. DX was given every 12 hours on three consecutive days in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg. Nebulized distilled water was administered with the schedule of inhalation as in the PTXF group. When the need for ventilatory support or oxygen dependency persisted, the course of both drugs and placebo administration was repeated every seven days until the diagnosis of BPD was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both PTXF and DX reduced the incidence of disease when compared with placebo. The respective data obtained for the PTXF-group versus the placebo group were as follows: difference in risk, 27%; OR: 0.32; CI: 0.11-0.94; p = 0.039; whereas the results for the DX-group versus the placebo group were: difference in risk, - 23%; OR: 0.39; CI: 0.14-1.14; p = 0.07.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that nebulized PTXF reduces the risk of BPD and may be a potential alternative to steroids in the prevention of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. ryszard@lauterbach.pl
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lauterbach
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szymura-Oleksiak
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlik
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warchoł
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lisowska-Miszczyk
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rytlewski
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D003907:Dexamethasone; D010431:Pentoxifylline