title: Periodic duplex ultrasonography screening together with elective percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the management of graft arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of regular duplex ultrasonography in the management of graft arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1997 and December 2004, we prospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent polytetrafluoroethylene graft arteriovenous (AV) fistulae in the upper extremity with a subsequent regular duplex ultrasound examination for the identification of stenosis. The main ultrasound-guided indication for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was the identification of 50% or more venous stenosis. The assisted primary and secondary patency rates of vascular access were calculated in these 36 patients and were then compared with those in 19 patients who had undergone graft AV fistula before the start of regular ultrasonographic screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up lasted 25 months. PTA procedures were performed in 24 patients, of which 13 patients received multiple PTAs. The half survival time (secondary patency) of the graft was 49 +/- 3.8 months in patients who had undergone ultrasound screening followed by elective PTA, which was significantly (P < 0.01) longer than the 22 +/- 7.1 months observed in patients who had not undergone regular duplex ultrasound screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prospective monitoring of AV fistula with ultrasound is a simple and reliable technique for detecting graft AV outflow stenosis. Elective PTA is therefore considered to be an effective therapy for the maintenance of hemodialysis access.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toya
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tachihara
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D019737:Transplants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014654:Vascular Patency