title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acts primarily via the JAK/STAT pathway to promote neurite growth in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat: part I.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification of the molecular mechanism of cavernous nerve regeneration is essential for future development of neuroprotective and regenerative strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify specific signal transduction pathway(s) associated with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhanced cavernous nerve regeneration in an in vitro model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 6-month-old male Fisher rats, inhibitors of four candidate signaling pathways were added to BDNF-treated explant cultures of major pelvic ganglia with attached cavernous nerve fragments. Study groups comprised of controls, BDNF alone at 50 ng/mL, or BDNF 50 ng/mL and inhibitors against MEK, PI3-K, PKA, and JAK/STAT pathways at increasing concentrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The maximal neurite length for each tissue culture was measured and the mean maximal length +/- standard deviation was determined for all groups at 24, 36, and 48 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The JAK/STAT specific inhibitor AG490 significantly reduced BDNF-enhanced neurite growth. Maximum neurite lengths at 24, 36, and 48 hours for BDNF 50 ng/mL treated groups were 182.3, 348.1, and 528.1 microm, compared with AG490 at 25 microM (86.4, 165.1, 278.3 microm), 50 microM (78.8, 151.7, 235.3 microm), and 100 microM (71.83, 107.0, 219.6 microm) (P < 0.05). Neurite measures for BDNF with 25 and 50 microM U0126 (MEK pathway) were reduced to 402.0 and 424.3 microm at 48 hours, respectively (P < 0.05), likely reflecting an accessory molecular pathway. A similar observation was made for 100 uM LY294002 (PI3-K). No difference was observed for PKA inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The JAK/STAT pathway is the major signal-transduction pathway of BDNF-enhanced cavernous nerve growth in an in vitro rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: abella@urology.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bella
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Guiting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kavirach
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tantiwongse
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ching-Schwun
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brant
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Tom F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005726:Ganglia, Parasympathetic / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053613:Janus Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016501:Neurites / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; C507906:Jak1 protein, rat; D053613:Janus Kinase 1