title: The balance between cell division and endoreplication depends on E2FC-DPB, transcription factors regulated by the ubiquitin-SCFSKP2A pathway in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The balance between cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation needed to maintain the organogenetic program depends on the coordination of gene expression, posttranslational modification, and specific proteolysis of cell cycle regulators. The G1/S and G2/M transitions are critical checkpoints controlled, in part, by cyclin-dependent kinases in the retinoblastoma (RBR)/E2F/DP pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana DPB is regulated by phosphorylation and targeted to proteasome-mediated proteolysis by the SCF(SKP2A) complex. In addition, DPB interacts in vivo with E2FC, because ectopic coexpression of E2FC and DPB produces severe developmental defects. To understand E2FC/DPB heterodimer function, we analyzed the effect of reducing E2FC mRNA levels with RNA interference. The e2fc-R plants developed organs with more but smaller cells and showed increased cell cycle marker gene expression and increased proliferative activity in developing leaves, meristems, and pericycle cells. This last feature produces plants with more lateral roots, consistent with an E2FC role in restricting lateral root initiation. The e2fc-R plants also show marked reductions in ploidy levels of mature leaves. These results indicate that the transition from cell division to the endocycle is sensitive to different pathways, E2FC/DPB being one of them. Our results show that E2FC/DPB is a key factor in controlling the balance between cell proliferation and the switch to the endocycle program.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: del Pozo
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diaz-Trivino
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.forename: Crisanto
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D044783:F-Box Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011003:Ploidies; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C462528:CycB1 protein, Arabidopsis; D019926:Cyclin B; C417206:DP transcription factor, plant; C558979:DPb protein, Arabidopsis; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; C514752:E2FC protein, Arabidopsis; D044783:F-Box Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025801:Ubiquitin