title: Persistence of vanA-type Enterococcus faecium in Korean livestock after ban on avoparcin.
abstract: Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was investigated in Korean livestock 4 years after the ban of avoparcin in feed additives. VRE were isolated from approximately 16.7% of the chicken samples (57 strains from 342 meat samples) and 1.9% of the pig samples (4 from 214 fecal samples). No VRE, however, was isolated from 110 bovine fecal samples. All the 61 VRE isolates were vanA-type Enterococcus faecium expressing a high-level resistance to vancomycin, and showed resistance to teicoplanin as well except two poultry isolates. In addition, the VRE isolates had heterogeneous pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of SmaI-digested DNA, although identical or closely related profiles were observed among strains isolated from the same farm. Although the chicken isolates were all poultry type with G at position 8,234 of the vanX gene, the pig isolates were all swine type with T at position 8,234 of the vanX gene.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Tae-Soon
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyang-Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Yi-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Hong-Bum
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D009154:Mutation; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D046929:Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase / Q000235:genetics; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006020:Glycopeptides; D046929:Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase; C091956:VanX dipeptidase; C016249:avoparcin