title: Update on the management of neuroendocrine hepatic metastases.
abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and represent a diverse collection of malignancies that occur in many organ systems throughout the body, including the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Unfortunately, the majority of patients with NETs have hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis. Although some patients may be asymptomatic, others have unusual clinical presentations and variable tumor growth patterns. Although many patients have long indolent courses, without treatment, most patients die within 5 years of diagnosis. This article reviews the care of patients with NETs and hepatic metastases, with emphasis on the increasingly important role of oncologic image-guided interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Interventional Radiology Section, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 325, Houston, 77030-4009, USA. dmadoff@di.mdacc.tmc.edu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Madoff
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahrar
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003452:Cryosurgery; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D009382:Neoplasms, Unknown Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000431:Ethanol