title: Moving from fast to ballistic gradient in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry pharmaceutical bioanalysis: Matrix effect and chromatographic evaluations.
abstract: The paper describes the steps taken by the authors to move from a fast to a ballistic gradient in routine liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis of plasma samples from pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling of new chemical entities. The reduction of column dimensions from 50 x 4.6 mm to 30 x 2.1 mm followed by optimization of chromatographic separation led to a decrease in the typical runtime from 5 (fast) to 2 min (ballistic) using an API4000 tandem mass spectrometer in Turbo Ionspray mode for detection. Three analytical standards representing typical molecular structures from our sample repository were used to spike plasma from four different species (rat, dog, human and mouse). Two different approaches were used to evaluate matrix effect: post-column infusion and comparison of the peak areas of neat standards and standards spiked after extraction into different pools of plasma; the influence of PEG400 as a typical dosing vehicle was also considered. Two different protein precipitation procedures were taken into account for sample extraction prior to injection. Peak shape, width and height, selectivity and sensitivity of the method were taken into account for chromatographic evaluation. The ballistic method was successfully cross-validated with the conventional fast gradient chromatographic assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti (IRBM), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Via Pontina km 30.600, 00040 Pomezia, Rome, Italy. claudio.denardi@merck.com
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Nardi
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000097:blood*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols