title: Relationship of cognitive measures and gray and white matter in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between commonly used screening cognitive measures with gray and white matter integrity in patients with mild to moderate AD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  New neuroimaging techniques, such as voxel-based morphometry (VBM), make it possible to study the relationship between structural brain integrity and cognitive functioning in AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gray and white matter integrity was evaluated using VBM in fifteen patients with mild to moderate AD. ADAS-Cog and MMSE scores were also performed as part of the baseline assessment for a larger clinical trial in the AD patients. Correlations between cognitive measures and VBM were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the ADAS-Cog and the MMSE showed a similar relationship with gray matter degeneration, reflecting greater cognitive impairment with decreased gray matter in the left temporal lobe. However, the MMSE score was much more reflective of underlying white matter changes than ADAS-Cog scores, particularly in frontotemporal region. These findings suggest that the ADAS-Cog and MMSE reflect different aspects of the underlying brain changes observed in AD. The ADAS-Cog was more specific to gray matter integrity whereas the MMSE reflected a more global reduction in both gray and white matter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support using neuroimaging markers of neural integrity as an important consideration when evaluating treatment efficacy. Furthermore, whole-brain analyses such as VBM help to evaluate neural systems that are not necessarily targeted by the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA. leslie.baxter@chw.edu
authors.forename: Leslie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: D Larry
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: Sterling C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lenoski
authors.forename: Jean E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Marwan N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sabbagh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology