title: Stereological study of neovascularization in temporal arteritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As giant cell arteritis (GCA) progresses, newly formed microvessels are one of the main sites of leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Our aim was to stereologically map the distribution of microvessels in the temporal arterial wall and to assess their relationship to the degree of inflammation in GCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflamed temporal arteries from 21 patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for GCA were analyzed. Paraffin sections, stained with an antibody directed at vascular endothelium, were analyzed stereologically. The degree of inflammation and the surface of microvascular endothelium per volume (microm2/microm3) were assessed in 4 different layers of the arterial wall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The degree of inflammation and of vascularization was greatest in the adventitia, smaller in the media, and smallest in the intima. A significant positive relationship was observed between the degree of inflammation and the degree of vascularization in the media and in the outer and inner layers of the intima. In 8 biopsies, the microvessels formed a prominent plexus in the intima without apparent connection with microvessels in the adventitia/media, and there were no signs of endothelial budding from the arterial lumen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that inflammation is a major determinant in neovascularization in GCA. Some new microvessels are formed by the budding of the adventitial vasa vasorum. The presence of intimal microvascular networks without apparent connection with microvessels in the media might indicate additional influence on neovascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. claes.nordborg@vgregion.se
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nordborg
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nordborg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34