title: Open, preperitoneal hernia repair with the Kugel patch: a prospective, multicentre study of 450 repairs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Kugel patch inguinal hernia repair is a relatively new, open, minimally invasive procedure using a preperitoneal approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective multicentre case series of 450 consecutive Kugel patch repairs. Recurrence rates and persistent inguinal pain after at least 1 year as well as short-term outcomes were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a follow-up of 18 months, eight recurrences (1.9%) were found, and persisting inguinal pain was reported in 15 patients (3.5%). The mean operation time and hospital stay were 20 +/- 9 min and 19 +/- 1.3 h respectively. Less than 1% of patients planned for an ambulatory treatment needed prolonged hospitalisation. Analgesics were used for 3 +/- 2 days. Paracetamol was the only painkiller used in 69% of patients, and 13% did not take any painkiller at all. Half of all patients returned to their daily activities after 9 days and half of the employed patients returned to work after 14 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Kugel patch repair is a quick technique with a low recurrence rate and good patient comfort. It offers the advantages of a preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair without the need for general anaesthesia or expensive laparoscopic equipment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Academisch Ziekenhuis-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium. hlkvney@az.vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Van Nieuwenhove
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vansteenkiste
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vierendeels
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coenye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome