title: [Assessment of the characteristics of echocardiography in pediatric patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection].
abstract: To assess the accuracy of echocardiography in diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).
  
  
  
  A combination of suprasternal, parasternal, subcostal and apical views were employed to diagnose TAPVC and to trace the course of the anomalous pulmonary venous connection, the direction of the inter-atrial shunt, enlargement of right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV), superior and inferior vena cava. All pediatric patients underwent surgical repair. The results of echocardiography were compared with surgical findings.
  
  
  
  A total of 28 consecutive pediatric patients with suspected TAPVC were included in this study. The TAPVC diagnosis was confirmed in 26 cases after surgery, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) in one case, and Cor Triatriatum and possible TAPVC in another. The diagnostic accuracy of TAPVC by echocardiography in the study was 92.86%. There were 17 supracardiac TAPVC, 11 intracardiac TAPVC. In all patients, enlargement of the RA and RV, inter-atrial right-to-left shunt via atrial septal defects were documented in parasternal and subcostal views. Common pulmonary vein or four pulmonary vein direct to RA or via coronary sinus to RA were the draining sites of intracardiac TAPVC. The enlargement of left innominate vein-right superior vena cava draining to RA was seen in supracardiac TAPVC.
  
  
  
  A combination of suprasternal and subcostal multi-views in echocardiography can increase the diagnostic accuracy of TAPVC in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Childrenos Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China. jgp_hz@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Guo-ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jing-jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xue-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiu-zhen
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*