title: The effects of growth hormone treatment on bone mineral density and body composition in girls with turner syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many girls with Turner syndrome (TS) are treated with GH to increase adult height. In addition to promoting longitudinal bone growth, GH has effects on bone and body composition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine how GH treatment affects bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in girls with TS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, we compared measures of body composition and BMD by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and phalangeal cortical thickness by hand radiography in 28 girls with TS who had never received GH and 39 girls who were treated with GH for at least 1 yr. All girls were participants in a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Research Center (CRC) protocol between 2001 and 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were similar in age (12.3 yr, sd 2.9), bone age (11.5 yr, sd 2.6), and weight (42.8 kg, sd 16.6); but the GH-treated group was taller (134 vs. 137 cm, P = 0.001). The average duration of GH treatment was 4.2 (sd 3.2) yr (range 1-14 yr). After adjustment for size and bone age, there were no significant differences in BMD at L1-L4, 1/3 radius or cortical bone thickness measured at the second metacarpal. However, lean body mass percent was higher (P < 0.001), whereas body fat percent was lower (P < 0.001) in the GH-treated group. These effects were independent of estrogen exposure and were still apparent in girls that had finished GH treatment at least 1 yr previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although GH treatment has little effect on cortical or trabecular BMD in girls with TS, it is associated with increased lean body mass and reduced adiposity.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Mim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ari
authors.forename: Vladimir K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Bakalov
authors.forename: Suvimol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Carolyn A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bondy
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects; D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D011859:Radiography; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone