title: Cost of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Emergency Department and Hospital: An Analysis of Administrative Data from 218 US Hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the emergency department (ED) or hospital accounts for a significant portion of COPD costs. This study estimates the cost of a COPD ED or hospitalization visit in the US.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational study utilized administrative data from 218 acute care hospitals. ED/hospital discharges for COPD (International Classification of Diseases - Ninth Revision - Clinical Modification codes 491.xx. 492.xx, 496.xx) during 2001 were identified. Costs were determined for three groups: (i) ED only; (ii) standard admission; and (iii) severe admissions (intensive care unit [ICU] or intubation). Severe admissions were stratified into: (i) ICU/no intubation; (ii) intubation/no ICU; and (iii) ICU + intubation. Mean total costs and length of stay (LOS) were calculated for each group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 59 735 ED/hospital encounters were identified: 20 431 ED only, 33 210 standard admissions, and 6094 severe admissions (4456 ICU/no intubation, 496 intubation/no ICU, and 1142 ICU/intubation). ED visits had a mean cost of $US571 +/- 507 (year 2001 value). Inpatient costs ranged from $US5997 (+/- 5752) for a standard admission to $US36 743 (+/- 62 886) for ICU plus intubation admissions, while LOS ranged from 5.1 days (+/- 4.5) to 14.8 days (+/- 16.7), respectively. In addition, only 10% of encounters required an intubation/ICU admission, but these accounted for 34% of the cost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cost of a COPD hospitalization is substantial in the US, with one-third of those costs being associated with severe admissions, which make up only 10% of all COPD admissions. Treatments aimed at reducing hospitalizations and length of stay could result in substantial cost savings.
authors.affiliation: GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Yingjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
mesh_terms: D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000191:economics