title: Signalling pathways implicated in early mammary gland morphogenesis and breast cancer.
abstract: Specification of mammary epithelial cell fate occurs during embryogenesis as cells aggregate to form the mammary anlage. Within the embryonic mammary bud, a population of epithelial cells exists that will subsequently proliferate to form a ductal tree filling the stromal compartment, and which can produce milk upon terminal differentiation after birth. Subsequently, these structures can be remodelled and returned to a basal state after weaning before regenerating in future pregnancies. The plasticity of the mammary epithelial cell, and its responsiveness to hormone receptors, facilitates this amazing biological feat, but aberrant signalling may also result in unintended consequences in the form of frequent malignancies. Reflecting this intimate connection, a considerable number of signalling pathways have been implicated in both mammary gland morphogenesis and carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: University College London, United Kingdom. beatrice.howard@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ashworth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D053331:Ectodysplasins / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D009024:Morphogenesis; D020880:Neuregulins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053331:Ectodysplasins; C496464:Fgf10 protein, mouse; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020880:Neuregulins; C108113:Nrg3 protein, mouse; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C491460:Tbx3 protein, mouse; D051153:Wnt Proteins