title: Natural killer receptors on CD8 T cells and natural killer cells from different HLA-C phenotypes in melanoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because immune mechanisms involved in cutaneous melanoma have not been fully elucidated, efforts have been made to achieve prognosis markers and potential targets for immune therapies, but they have not been entirely fruitful thus far. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the involvement of early changes in CD8 T cells and CD56 natural killer (NK) cells expressing NK receptors in different HLA-C dimorphism groups of melanoma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD8 T cells and CD56 NK cells were analyzed in 41 patients and 39 sex- and age-matched controls with different HLA-C genotypes by flow cytometry. HLA-C dimorphism at position 80 was tested by PCR sequence-specific primers and PCR sequence-specific oligonucleotide to examine whether it could mediate in the emergence of cells expressing killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five of 41 patients had benign sentinel node, and showed an imbalance in the absolute number of CD8(+)DR(+) or CD8(+)CD161(+) peripheral blood T cells according to the CD28 coexpression compared with controls. CD8(+)CD28(-)CD158a(+) T and CD56(+)CD158a(+) NK cells were significantly increased in HLA-C(Lys80) homozygous nonmetastatic patients, whereas only CD56(+)CD158a(+) NK cells increased in heterozygous ones. An up-regulation of the CD158a KIR receptor was also seen on NK cells but not in T cells of patients at advanced disease stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides, for the first time, evidence of immune activation in early stages of cutaneous melanoma, together with an increase of cells expressing CD158a in patients bearing the corresponding HLA-C ligand, which may be important to evaluate the disease progression and to use individualized immune therapeutic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Service and Dermatology Section, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Campillo
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Escribano
authors.forename: M Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moya-Quiles
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muro
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parrado
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: José F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Frías
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minguela
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Alonso
authors.forename: María Rocío
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alvarez-López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D015236:HLA-C Antigens; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D054340:Receptors, KIR; D054342:Receptors, KIR2DL1