title: A spatiotemporal, patient individualized simulation model of solid tumor response to chemotherapy in vivo: the paradigm of glioblastoma multiforme treated by temozolomide.
abstract: A novel four-dimensional, patient-specific Monte Carlo simulation model of solid tumor response to chemotherapeutic treatment in vivo is presented. The special case of glioblastoma multiforme treated by temozolomide is addressed as a simulation paradigm. Nevertheless, a considerable number of the involved algorithms are generally applicable. The model is based on the patient's imaging, histopathologic and genetic data. For a given drug administration schedule lying within acceptable toxicity boundaries, the concentration of the prodrug and its metabolites within the tumor is calculated as a function of time based on the drug pharamacokinetics. A discretization mesh is superimposed upon the anatomical region of interest and within each geometrical cell of the mesh the most prominent biological "laws" (cell cycling, necrosis, apoptosis, mechanical restictions, etc.) are applied. The biological cell fates are predicted based on the drug pharmacodynamics. The outcome of the simulation is a prediction of the spatiotemporal activity of the entire tumor and is virtual reality visualized. A good qualitative agreement of the model's predictions with clinical experience supports the applicability of the approach. The proposed model primarily aims at providing a platform for performing patient individualized in silico experiments as a means of chemotherapeutic treatment optimization.
authors.affiliation: National Technical University of Athens, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, Laboratory of Microwaves and Fiber Optics, In Silico Oncology Group, Greece. gestam@central.ntua.gr
authors.forename: Georgios S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stamatakos
authors.forename: Vassilis P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Antipas
authors.forename: Nikolaos K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Uzunoglu
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D000077204:Temozolomide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide