Alcohol dependence is associated with the ZNF699 gene, a human locus related to Drosophila hangover, in the Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of Alcohol Dependence (IASPSAD) sample.
Because tolerance is an important aspect of alcohol dependence (AD) in humans, recent evidence showing that the Drosophila gene hang is critically involved in the development of alcohol tolerance in the fly suggests that variation in related human loci might be important in the etiology of alcohol-related disorders. The orthology of hang in mammals is complex, but a number of human gene products (including ZNF699) with similar levels of amino-acid identity (18-26%) and similarity (30-41%), are consistently identified as the best matches with the translated hang sequence. We tested for association between the dichotomous clinical phenotype of alcohol dependence and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ZNF699 in our sample of 565 genetically independent cases and 496 siblings diagnosed with AD, and 609 controls. In analyses of genetically independent cases and controls, four of the seven single markers show strong evidence for association with AD (0.00003<Fisher's exact P<0.001), and the most significant single marker, rs7254880, tags an associated haplotype with frequency 0.071 in cases compared to 0.034 in controls (chi2 15.563, P<0.00008, 5000 permutation P<0.001, OR 2.17); inclusion of affected siblings gives similar results. Expression analyses conducted in independent postmortem brain samples show that expression of ZNF699 mRNA is significantly reduced in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals carrying this haplotype compared with other observed haplotype combinations.
Riley
B P
BP
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0424, USA. bpriley@vcu.edu
Kalsi
G
G
Kuo
P-H
PH
Vladimirov
V
V
Thiselton
D L
DL
Vittum
J
J
Wormley
B
B
Grotewiel
M S
MS
Patterson
D G
DG
Sullivan
P F
PF
van den Oord
E
E
Walsh
D
D
Kendler
K S
KS
Prescott
C A
CA
D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012016:Reference Values; D035781:Siblings; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics*
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C515654:ZNF699 protein, human; C503359:hang protein, Drosophila