title: Subretinal membranes are associated with abnormal degrees of pupil "evasion": an index of clinical macular dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether macular dysfunction caused by unilateral subretinal neovascular membranes (SRNs) is associated with pupil "evasion" (that is, increased initial rate of re-dilation following a brief light stimulus).
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative observational series. 20 eyes of 10 participants, all with unilateral SRNs and healthy fellow eyes. Dynamic infrared pupillography at seven stimulus intensities (duration 1100 ms, intensities over 2 log unit range). Pupil evasion ratio (PEVR; defined as the ratio of light response amplitude to amount of recovery at the mid-time point of re-dilation expressed as a percentage) was calculated for each stimulus intensity (mean of five recordings).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inter-eye PEVR is significantly reduced in eyes with SRN (that is, greater pupil evasion in SRN eyes: range p = 0.002 to p = 0.05 (paired t test)) and is most apparent at higher stimulus intensities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEVR is a novel parameter that is analogous to the pupil escape ratio, but measured following a short rather than a sustained light stimulus. PEVR is significantly altered by macular disease. Clinically PEVR may be used to detect occult unilateral or asymmetric maculopathy in situations such as ocular media opacities like cataract, when pupil reactions are unaffected or augmented, while other tests of retinal function are diminished. PEVR represents altered neuronal firing in cones and macular ganglion cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience, Imperial College London, UK. fhz12@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gregory-Evans
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Cocker
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moseley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology; D012025:Reflex, Pupillary; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*