Influence of sodium hypochlorite on fracture properties and corrosion of ProTaper Rotary instruments.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the influence of immersion in NaOCl on resistance to cyclic fatigue fracture and corrosion of ProTaper NiTi Rotary instruments.


METHODS
A total of 120 new ProTaper NiTi Rotary files (F2) were randomized and assigned to three different groups of 40 each. Group 1 was the control group; 20 mm (excluding the shaft) of group 2 instruments were immersed in 5% NaOCl at 50 degrees C for 5 min; instruments in group 3 were completely immersed in 5% NaOCl at 50 degrees C for 5 min. All instruments were then tested for cyclic fatigue, recording the time in seconds to fracture. Data were analysed by the Kruskall-Wallis test and post-hoc multiple comparisons (P < 0.05). Micromorphological and microchemical analyses were also completed by means of a field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on those instruments in group 3 that had undergone early fracture.


RESULTS
Instruments in group 3 had a significantly lower resistance to fracture because of cyclic fatigue than those in groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.001). In some instruments in group 3, early fracture occurred after only a few seconds of fatigue testing. SEM observations revealed evident signs of corrosion of the fractured instruments.


CONCLUSIONS
Group 3 had significantly reduced resistance to cyclic fatigue compared with instruments in groups 1 and 2. The phenomenon of early fracture may be attributed to galvanic corrosion induced by the presence of dissimilar metals, where one acts as the cathode of a galvanic couple, established when the instrument is immersed in NaOCl solution. The NiTi alloy may acts as the anode and thus undergoes corrosion.
Berutti
E
E
Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Angelini
E
E
Rigolone
M
M
Migliaretti
G
G
Pasqualini
D
D
D003343:Corrosion; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D004868:Equipment Failure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel; D011897:Random Allocation; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium
D003722:Dental Alloys; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite