title: Albumin infusion after reperfusion prevents gut ischemia-reperfusion-induced gut-associated lymphoid tissue atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our recent study clarified that gut ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) causes gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) mass atrophy, a possible mechanism for increased morbidity of infectious complications after severe surgical insults. Because albumin administration reportedly reduces hemorrhagic shock-induced lung injury, we hypothesized that albumin treatment prevents GALT atrophy due to gut I/R.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male mice (n = 37) were randomized to albumin, normal saline, and sham groups. All groups underwent jugular vein catheter insertion. The albumin and normal saline groups underwent 75-minute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. During gut ischemia, all mice received normal saline infusions at 1.0 mL/h. The albumin group was given 5% bovine serum albumin in normal saline at 1.0 mL/h for 60 minutes after reperfusion, whereas the normal saline group received 0.9% sodium chloride at 1.0 mL/h. The sham group underwent laparotomy only. Mice were killed on day 1 or 7, and the entire small intestine was harvested. GALT lymphocytes were isolated and counted. Their phenotypes (alphabetaTCR, gammadeltaTCR, CD4, CD8, B220) were determined by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 1, the gut I/R groups showed significantly lower total lymphocyte and B cell numbers in Peyer's patches and the lamina propria than the sham group. However, the albumin infusion partially but significantly restored these cell numbers. On day 7, there were no significant differences in any of the parameters measured among the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Albumin infusion after a gut ischemic insult may maintain gut immunity by preventing GALT atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ikezawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeshima
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hoshio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraide
authors.forename: Charlene W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Compher
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins