title: Application of hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction to the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in vegetables by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: A new analytical procedure using a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of pesticide residues in vegetables by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (MS). The extraction technique requires minimal sample preparation and solvent consumption. Optimum extraction conditions have been evaluated with respect to sample pH, ionic strength, liquid membrane composition, extraction time, stirring rate and acceptor composition. The extraction method has been validated for matrices such as cucumber, tomato and pepper, indicating that cucumber can be selected as representative matrix for routine analysis of these food commodities. Linear ranges of pesticides in vegetable samples were 10 to 200 microg/kg, and the repeatability of the method was less than 20% for the lowest calibration point. The limits of detection ranged from 0.06 to 2.7 microg/kg and the limits of quantification from 0.2 to 9.0 microg/kg, which were low enough to determine the pesticide residues at concentrations below or equal to the maximum residue levels (MRLs) specified by European Union. The method was finally applied to the determination of more than 20 pesticides in market vegetable samples and the concentrations found in these samples were always lower than the MRLs. This new approach can be considered as a powerful alternative to the traditional extraction techniques.
authors.affiliation: Research Group Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Almería University, 04071 Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero-González
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pastor-Montoro
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martínez-Vidal
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrido-Frenich
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010573:Pesticide Residues