title: Pleiotropic phenotype of a genomic knock-in of an RGS-insensitive G184S Gnai2 allele.
abstract: Signal transduction via guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins) is involved in cardiovascular, neural, endocrine, and immune cell function. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS proteins) speed the turn-off of G protein signals and inhibit signal transduction, but the in vivo roles of RGS proteins remain poorly defined. To overcome the redundancy of RGS functions and reveal the total contribution of RGS regulation at the Galpha(i2) subunit, we prepared a genomic knock-in of the RGS-insensitive G184S Gnai2 allele. The Galpha(i2)(G184S) knock-in mice show a dramatic and complex phenotype affecting multiple organ systems (heart, myeloid, skeletal, and central nervous system). Both homozygotes and heterozygotes demonstrate reduced viability and decreased body weight. Other phenotypes include shortened long bones, a markedly enlarged spleen, elevated neutrophil counts, an enlarged heart, and behavioral hyperactivity. Heterozygous Galpha(i2)(+/G184S) mice show some but not all of these abnormalities. Thus, loss of RGS actions at Galpha(i2) produces a dramatic and pleiotropic phenotype which is more evident than the phenotype seen for individual RGS protein knockouts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1301 MSRB III, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Xinyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Raelene A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Charbeneau
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kurt D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hankenson
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Louis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: D'Alecy
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Neubig
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2 / Q000235:genetics*; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D006130:Growth Disorders; D006402:Hematologic Diseases; D006720:Homozygote; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010641:Phenotype; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D020710:RGS Proteins; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; D051960:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunit, Gi2; C498016:Gnai2 protein, mouse