title: [Bacterial meningitis in one month-16 year old children at three Pediatric departments in Iceland during the period 1973-2000.].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial meningitis is a serious disease most common in children. We report the epidemiology and outcome of bacterial meningitis in children between the age of one month to 16 years admitted to three Pediatric Departments in Iceland in 1973-2000 (28 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Information was collected retrospectively from the medical records of admitted children diagnosed with bacterial meningitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  454 children were diagnosed; 255 boys and 199 girls; 77% were less than five years of age. Before 1989 the age specific incidence was 29/100.000/year and 12/100.000/year thereafter. The cerebral spinal fluid was culture positive in 74% but no organism was identified in 17%. The most common pathogens were N. meningitidis (44%), Hib (30%), and S. pneumoniae (7%). The incidence varied according to age. No child was diagnosed with Hib after launching of Hib vaccination in 1989. The mean age of the children increased significantly from less than two years prior to 1989 to less than three years thereafter and of children infected with N. meningitidis from around two year to three years. The mortality rate was 4,5%, none due to Hib. Fourteen percent suffered sensory-neural hearing impairment and no protective effects were seen of steroid therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The age specific incidence of bacterial meningitis of children in Iceland has decreased during the last decade, especially due to Hib vaccination. Further reduction can be expected by implementing general vaccination to N. meningitidis C and S. pneumoniae. Additionally, recognizing the symptoms of bacterial meningitis and starting proper therapy as soon as possible is crucial in order to minimize ominous outcome.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital, Hringbraut, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland. thorgud@landspitali.is.
authors.forename: Inga María
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Jóhannsdóttir
authors.forename: Thornórólfur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guðnason
authors.forename: Pétur
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lúðvíksson
authors.forename: Thornrœstur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laxdal
authors.forename: Magnús
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefánsson
authors.forename: Hjœrdís
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harðardóttir
authors.forename: Asgeir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haraldsson