title: Validation of the diagnostic value of NMP22 BladderChek test as a marker for bladder cancer by photodynamic diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to validate the sensitivity and specificity of the new "point-of-care" NMP22 BladderChek test compared to photodynamic diagnosis (PDD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Voided urine samples from 100 patients with suspicion of bladder cancer were collected to perform the NMP22 BladderChek test and voided urinary cytology. The nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) levels were measured by a lateral flow immunochromatographic qualitative assay, using 10 U/ml as the cut-off value. Subsequently patients underwent PDD, using 5-aminolevulinic acid or hexyl-aminolevulinate; previous bladder washings for cytology were collected. Sensitivity and specificity of the NMP22 BladderChek test were compared with cytology and PDD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty of the 100 patients had urothelial malignancies (22 pTa, 4 pT1, 3 pT2, 9 carcinoma in situ, 2 pTx; 16 G1, 6 G2, 18 G3). The sensitivity was 65% for the NMP22 BladderChek test, 44% for voided cytology, 75% for washing cytology, and 93% for PDD. Specificity rates were 40%, 78%, 62%, and 43%, respectively. Positive predictive values were 0.42, 0.58, 0.53, and 0.52 and the negative predictive values 0.63, 0.68, 0.82, and 0.9, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that the NMP22 BladderChek is an easily applied test, giving diagnostic findings within 30 min. However, validated by the highly sensitive PDD, the NMP22 BladderChek test demonstrates poor specificity and sensitivity and, therefore, cannot be recommended for screening or surveillance in daily clinical routine use. Further studies with careful patient selection are necessary to identify the patient population that might benefit from the NMP22 BladderChek test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tritschler
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tilki
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knuechel
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Stief
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22