title: High-dose testosterone is associated with atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long-term effects of androgen treatment on atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a population-based study in 513 naturally postmenopausal women aged 54-67 years, we studied the association between self-reported intramuscularly administered high-dose estrogen-testosterone therapy (estradiol- and testosterone esters) and aortic atherosclerosis. Aortic atherosclerosis was diagnosed by radiographic detection of calcified deposits in the abdominal aorta, which have been shown to reflect intima atherosclerosis. Hormone therapy users were compared with never users.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intramuscular hormone therapy use for 1 year or longer was reported by 25 women. In almost half of these women severe atherosclerosis of the aorta was present (n=11), while in women without hormone use severe atherosclerosis of the aorta was present in less than 20% (OR 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1-8.5, adjusted for age, years since menopause, smoking, and body mass index). The association remained after additional adjustment for diabetes, cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, or alcohol use. No association was found for hormone use less than 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that high-dose testosterone therapy may adversely affect atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women and indicate that androgen replacement in these women may not be harmless.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. a.hak@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: A Elisabeth
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hak
authors.forename: Iris C D
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Westendorp
authors.forename: Huibert A P
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Jacqueline C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Witteman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone