title: Diagnostic value of markers M2A, OCT3/4, AP-2gamma, PLAP and c-KIT in the detection of extragonadal seminomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the suitability of new seminoma markers including transcription factors AP-2gamma, OCT3/4 and M2A for detection of metastatic and extragonadal seminomas with the two well-known markers c-KIT and PLAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunohistochemical distribution of PLAP, c-KIT, M2A, AP-2gamma and OCT3/4 was examined in two pineal germinomas, 28 metastatic seminomas and 10 of their testicular primaries. Evaluation of specificity was achieved by additional tissue array studies on 75 malignancies other than germ cell tumours (GCT). Clinical data including serum PLAP were available in 18 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with other markers, significantly better staining results were observed with antibodies to M2A and AP-2gamma in all seminomatous GCT. In contrast, the staining pattern with antibodies to c-KIT, PLAP and OCT3/4 was variable or absent. The lowest specificity was obtained with c-KIT, which was expressed in a variety of non-GCT. The only M2A+ mesothelioma expressed no other seminoma markers. No correlation between serum PLAP level and tissue PLAP expression was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M2A and AP-2gamma are the most sensitive markers for seminoma metastases or primary extragonadal seminomas. Combination of these markers provides highly specific and clear results for detection of a seminomatous GCT.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Department of Developmental Pathology, University of Bonn, Germany. katharina.biermann@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Biermann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klingmüller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pietsch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schorle
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Büttner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018237:Germinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010871:Pinealoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018239:Seminoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; C500987:monoclonal antibody D2-40; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase