title: The effect of cigarette smoking on the hypnotic efficacy of propofol.
abstract: The bispectral index (BIS) was used to examine the hypnotic efficacy of propofol in 25 smokers (20 cigarettes/day for 2 years) and 24 matched non-smokers (same gender, age, height, weight). BIS was recorded at baseline, at four incremental effect-site concentrations of propofol and at loss of consciousness. Compared with non-smokers, smokers were found to have higher BIS values at baseline (mean (SD)) (97 (1) vs 98 (1)), at 0.7 microg x ml(-1) (95 (3) vs 97 (1)) and at 1.1 microg x ml(-1) (89 (6) vs 94 (4)), p = 0.0099, and they lost consciousness at higher propofol concentrations (2.0 (0.4) vs 2.4 (0.8) microg x ml(-1)), p = 0.03, and at lower BIS values (66 (10) vs 60 (10)), p = 0.04. The hypnotic efficacy of propofol is reduced when used at low effect-site concentrations in smokers. This phenomenon may have some impact on the management of smokers undergoing sedation using target controlled infusion systems.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. christopher.lysakowski@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lysakowski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Czarnetzki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tassonyi
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tramèr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol