title: Vertebrate gene finding from multiple-species alignments using a two-level strategy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One way in which the accuracy of gene structure prediction in vertebrate DNA sequences can be improved is by analyzing alignments with multiple related species, since functional regions of genes tend to be more conserved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe DOGFISH, a vertebrate gene finder consisting of a cleanly separated site classifier and structure predictor. The classifier scores potential splice sites and other features, using sequence alignments between multiple vertebrate species, while the structure predictor hypothesizes coding transcripts by combining these scores using a simple model of gene structure. This also identifies and assigns confidence scores to possible additional exons. Performance is assessed on the ENCODE regions. We predict transcripts and exons across the whole human genome, and identify over 10,000 high confidence new coding exons not in the Ensembl gene set.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We present a practical multiple species gene prediction method. Accuracy improves as additional species, up to at least eight, are introduced. The novel predictions of the whole-genome scan should support efficient experimental verification.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. dmc@sanger.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durbin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods; D005091:Exons; D005796:Genes; D015894:Genome, Human; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D012333:RNA, Messenger