Tumor microenvironment and drug resistance in hematologic malignancies.
Increasing evidence supports the role of the tumor microenvironment in conferring drug resistance as a major cause of relapse and incurability of cancers. The tumor microenvironment consists of normal stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and soluble factors such as cytokines and growth factors. Tumor-tumor cell interaction, tumor-stromal cell interaction, as well as tumor-ECM interaction, all contribute to direct cell contact mediated drug resistance. In addition, soluble factors produced in the tumor microenvironment provide further signals for tumor cell growth and survival. Environment mediated-drug resistance (EM-DR) could be considered as the totality of cell adhesion mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) and soluble factor mediated drug resistance (SM-DR) produced by the tumor-host interaction. This review focuses on the EM-DR model system and signaling pathways involved in cell survival of hematological malignancies.
Li
Zhi-Wei
ZW
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, SBR-2, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
Dalton
William S
WS
D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology