title: Preemptive, but not reactive, spinal cord stimulation mitigates transient ischemia-induced myocardial infarction via cardiac adrenergic neurons.
abstract: Our objective was to determine whether electrical neuromodulation using spinal cord stimulation (SCS) mitigates transient ischemia-induced ventricular infarction and, if so, whether adrenergic neurons are involved in such cardioprotection. The hearts of anesthetized rabbits, subjected to 30 min of left anterior descending coronary arterial occlusion (CAO) followed by 3 h of reperfusion (control), were compared with those with preemptive SCS (starting 15 min before and continuing throughout the 30-min CAO) or reactive SCS (started at 1 or 28 min of CAO). For SCS, the dorsal C8-T2 segments of the spinal cord were stimulated electrically (50 Hz, 0.2 ms, 90% of motor threshold). For preemptive SCS, separate groups of animals were pretreated 15 min before SCS onset with 1) vehicle, 2) prazosin (alpha(1)-adrenoceptor blockade), or 3) timolol (beta-adrenoceptor blockade). Infarct size (IS), measured with tetrazolium, was expressed as a percentage of risk zone. In controls exposed to 30 min of CAO, IS was 36.4 +/- 9.5% (SD). Preemptive SCS reduced IS to 21.8 +/- 6.8% (P < 0.001). Preemptive SCS-mediated infarct reduction was eliminated by prazosin (36.6 +/- 8.8%) and blunted by timolol (29.4 +/- 7.5%). Reactive SCS did not reduce IS. SCS increased phosphorylation of cardiac PKC. SCS did not alter blood pressure or heart rate. We conclude that preemptive SCS reduces the size of infarcts induced by transient CAO; such cardioprotection involves cardiac adrenergic neurons.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology, East Tennessee State Univ., James H. Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614-0577, USA. ardellj@etsu.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Southerland
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Milhorn
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linderoth
authors.forename: M J L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DeJongste
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ardell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells; D011817:Rabbits; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic