title: Thermodynamics of activated phase transitions of 8CB: DSC and MC calorimetry.
abstract: The present paper reports the heating rate effect on the phase transitions of a pure liquid crystal octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) with use of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Modulation Calorimetry (MC) techniques. The DSC runs were taken at various temperature ramp rates from 20 to 0.5 K/min for heating and cooling scans. Well-defined endothermic/exothermic peaks were found at the melting/crystallization, smectic-A to nematic (SmA-N), and nematic to isotropic (N-I) transitions on heating/cooling scans, respectively. All transitions shift in temperature significantly with different ramp rates. The temperature shift of C(p) peaks between heating and cooling scans indicates the order of the transitions. In addition, all transitions follow an Arrhenius behavior. The activation energy of a transition increases as the total energy involved in the transition decreases. The respective enthalpy and entropy change of each transition provides information on the Gibbs free energy. The significance of the results is discussed in terms of the order of transitions. A comparative analysis of MC and DSC techniques highlights the significance of the two techniques. MC is a practicable tool for observing the phase dynamics whereas DSC is a good tool for studying the rate kinematics of the transitions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, USA.
authors.forename: Dipti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Germano S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Iannacchione