title: The reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of oximes to counteract Russian VX poisonings.
abstract: Russian VX (O-isobutyl-S-(2-diethylaminoethyl)methylphosphonothioate) is the structural analogue of VX agent. It differs from VX agent (O-ethyl-S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioate) by two alkyl groups. The potency of currently available oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6) to reactivate Russian VX-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and to eliminate Russian VX-induced acute toxic effects was evaluated using in vivo methods. In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of Russian VX-inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase in poisoned rats shows that HI-6 seems to be the most efficacious reactivator of Russian VX-inhibited acetylcholinesterase among currently used oximes in the peripheral compartment, whereas no difference between reactivating efficacy of all tested oximes was observed in the central compartment. The oxime HI-6 was also found to be the most efficacious oxime in the elimination of acute lethal toxic effects in Russian VX-poisoned mice among all studied oximes. Thus, the oxime HI-6 seems to be the most suitable oxime for the antidotal treatment of acute poisonings with Russian VX as in the case of VX, sarin, cyclosarin, and soman poisonings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. kassa@pmfhk.cz
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kassa
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuca
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010091:Oximes; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; D009768:Obidoxime Chloride; D001285:Atropine; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C022870:asoxime chloride; C451779:S-(N,N-diethylaminoethyl) isobutyl methylphosphothiolate; C028797:pralidoxime