title: Analysis of triacetone triperoxide by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry by electron and chemical ionization.
abstract: The explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) has been analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and sub-nanogram detection limits are reported by ammonia positive ion chemical ionization (PICI), electron ionization (EI) and methane negative ion chemical ionization (NICI). Analysis by methane PICI and ammonia NICI gave detection limits in the low nanogram range. Analyses were carried out on (linear) quadrupole and ion trap instruments. Analysis of TATP by PICI using ammonia reagent gas is the preferred analytical method, producing low limits of detection as well as an abundant (greater than 60% of base peak) diagnostic adduct ion at m/z 240 corresponding to [TATP + NH4]+. Isolation of the [TATP + NH4]+ ion with subsequent collision-induced dissociation (CID) produces extremely low abundance product ions at m/z values greater than 60, and the m/z 223 ion corresponding to [TATP + H]+ was not observed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B88LYP/DVZP level indicate that dissociation of the complex to form NH4+ and TATP occurs at energies lower than peroxide bond dissociation, while protonation of TATP leads to cleavage of the ring structure. These results provide a method for pico-gram detection levels of TATP using commercial instrumentation commonly available in forensic laboratories. As a point of comparison, a detection limit of 15 ng was obtained by flame ionization detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, PO Box 162367, Orlando, FL 32816-2367, USA. msigman@mail.ucf.edu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sigman
authors.forename: C Douglas
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.forename: Cherie L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Clausen
mesh_terms: D044707:Forensic Sciences / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000032:analysis*; D008832:Microchemistry; D010545:Peroxides / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D023481:Terrorism / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D010545:Peroxides; C495284:triacetone triperoxide