title: Impact of high-dose busulfan plus melphalan as consolidation in metastatic Ewing tumors: a study by the Société Française des Cancers de l'Enfant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the prognosis for patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (ES/PNET) using conventional chemotherapy and consolidation high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) containing busulfan and melphalan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven unselected patients with newly diagnosed metastatic ES/PNET received induction chemotherapy that included five cycles of cyclophosphamide 150 mg/m2/d for 7 days, doxorubicin 35 mg/m2/d once, followed by two cycles of ifosfamide 1.8 g/m2/d for 5 days, and etoposide 100 mg/m2/d for 5 days. Patients in complete or very good partial remission received HDCT with busulfan total dose 600 mg/m2 and melphalan 140 mg/m2 followed by autologous blood stem cells. Local therapy (surgery and/or radiation therapy) was performed before or after HDCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-seven patients were enrolled from 1991 to 1999 (median age, 12.3 years; range, 0.2 to 25 years). Among them, 75 received HDCT. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate for all 97 patients was 37% and the overall survival (OS) rate was 38%. The EFS after HDCT was 47%. The EFS for the 44 patients with lung-only metastases was 52%, whereas it was 36% for patients with bone metastases without bone marrow involvement. Among the 23 patients with bone marrow metastases, only one survived. The multivariate analysis for both EFS and for OS identified three independent prognostic factors: age, fever at diagnosis, and bone marrow involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with conventional chemotherapy, HDCT may yield benefits for patients with lung-only metastases or bone metastases. These results warrant confirmation in a randomized trial and provide part of the background data for the ongoing Euro-Ewing study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Oncology, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif, France. oberlin@igr.fr
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Oberlin
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Anne Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Desfachelles
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Philip
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Plantaz
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plouvier
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lejars
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rubie
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Terrier
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002066:Busulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D012955:Societies, Medical; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002066:Busulfan; D008558:Melphalan