title: Comparative evaluation of heating ability and biocompatibility of different ferrite-based magnetic fluids for hyperthermia application.
abstract: In this study, lauric acid-coated, superparamagnetic, nanoparticle-based magnetic fluids of different ferrites (Fe(3)O(4), MnFe(2)O(4), and CoFe(2)O(4)) were prepared and compared in terms of heating ability and biocompatibility to evaluate the feasibility of use in hyperthermia treatment of cancer. All the magnetic fluids prepared had particles of average sizes 9-11 nm. Heating ability of these magnetic fluids was evaluated by calorimetric measurement of specific absorption rate (SAR) at 300 kHz frequency and 15 kA/m field. Fe(3)O(4) and MnFe(2)O(4) showed higher SAR (120 and 97 W/g of ferrite, respectively) than CoFe(2)O(4) (37 W/g of ferrite). In vitro study on BHK 21 cell lines showed dose-dependent cell viability for all the magnetic fluids. Threshold-biocompatible ferrite concentration for all the magnetic fluids was 0.1 mg/mL. Above 0.2 mg/mL, CoFe(2)O(4) was more toxic than the other magnetic fluids. On intravenous injection of different doses (50, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) of magnetic fluids in mice, no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed for Fe(3)O(4) and MnFe(2)O(4). With CoFe(2)O(4), an increase in SGPT levels at a dose rate of 400 mg/kg body weight was observed, indicating its mild hepatotoxic effect. However, histology of different vital organs showed no pathological changes for all the three magnetic fluids. Further, long term in vivo evaluation of biocompatibility of the lauric acid-coated ferrites is warranted. This study shows that lauric acid-coated, superparamagnetic Fe(3)O(4) and MnFe(2)O(4) may be used for hyperthermia treatment and are to be preferred over CoFe(2)O(4).
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai 400076, India.
authors.forename: Pallab
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Jyotsnendu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.forename: Haladhar Dev
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Sarma
authors.forename: Kaushala Prasad
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Jayesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellare
authors.forename: Rinti
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Dhirendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bahadur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002151:Calorimetry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D006224:Cricetinae; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000737:chemistry; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006361:Heating; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007850:Lauric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005295:Ferrocyanides; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D007850:Lauric Acids; C030358:lauric acid; C001215:ferrite; C000170:ferric ferrocyanide