title: Management and outcome of intravenous gammaglobulin-resistant Kawasaki disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) and report the outcome of treatment in patients with persistent or recurrent fever.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 KD patients, who received IVIG treatment (2 g/kg) at a tertiary care hospital from January 1995 to June 2004, were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine (13 percent) of the 70 patients failed to respond to initial treatment with IVIG. The patients who did not respond to IVIG had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (104 versus 74 mm/h; p-value is 0.003), longer total days of fever (14.4 +/- 3.8 versus 9.2 +/- 2.3 days; p-value is 0.003) and higher initial coronary artery lesions (CAL) (7 of 9 [77.7 percent] versus 10 of 61 [16.3 percent]; p-value is 0.001) than those who responded to initial treatment. Seven of the nine patients who were retreated with IVIG (2 g/kg) responded to the second dose. The remaining two patients (two of nine, 22 percent) had persistent fever, which subsided after two to three doses of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone. At two months follow-up, IVIG-resistant patients had higher CAL by echocardiogram than IVIG-responsive patients (33 percent versus 3.2 percent, p-value is less than 0.05). Two IVIG-resistant KD patients had delayed diagnosis and developed giant aneurysms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with high ESR had increased risk of IVIG-resistant KD. IVIG-resistant Kawasaki patients had a higher prevalence of CAL at the acute phase and two months after onset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University Hospital, 110 Intavaroros Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. rsittiwa@mail.med.cmu.ac.th
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sittiwangkul
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pongprot
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silvilairat
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Phornphutkul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D005719:gamma-Globulins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D005719:gamma-Globulins; D008775:Methylprednisolone