title: Molecular distillation: a powerful technology for obtaining tocopherols from soya sludge.
abstract: Molecular distillation was studied for the separation of tocopherols from soya sludge, both experimentally and by simulation, under different operating conditions, with good agreement. Evaporator temperatures varied from 100 degrees C to 160 degrees C and feed flow rates ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 kg/h. The process pressure was maintained at 10(-6) bar, the feed temperature at 50 degrees C, the condenser temperature at 60 degrees C, and the stirring at 350 rpm. For each process condition, samples of both streams (distillate and residue) were collected and stored at -18 degrees C before tocopherols analyses. Owing to the differences between molecular weights and vapor pressures of free fatty acids and tocopherols, tocopherols preferentially remained in the residue at evaporator temperatures of 100 degrees C and 120 degrees C, whereas for higher temperatures (140 degrees C and 160 degrees C) and lower feed flow rate, tocopherols tended to migrate to the distillate stream.
authors.affiliation: Separation Process Development Laboratory (LDPS), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, State University of Campinas, (UNICAMP), CP 6066, 13081-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil. elenise@feq.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Elenise Bannwart
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Patricia Fazzio
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: César Benedito
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Batistella
authors.forename: Mario Eusebio Torres
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Rubens
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maciel Filho
authors.forename: Maria Regina Wolf
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Maciel
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D019649:Food Industry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control; D011312:Pressure; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D013024:Soybean Oil; D024505:Tocopherols