title: Fibroblast growth factor-21 improves pancreatic beta-cell function and survival by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is a recently discovered metabolic regulator. Here, we investigated the effects of FGF-21 in the pancreatic beta-cell. In rat islets and INS-1E cells, FGF-21 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. In islets isolated from healthy rats, FGF-21 increased insulin mRNA and protein levels but did not potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion. Islets and INS-1E cells treated with FGF-21 were partially protected from glucolipotoxicity and cytokine-induced apoptosis. In islets isolated from diabetic rodents, FGF-21 treatment increased islet insulin content and glucose-induced insulin secretion. Short-term treatment of normal or db/db mice with FGF-21 lowered plasma levels of insulin and improved glucose clearance compared with vehicle after oral glucose tolerance testing. Constant infusion of FGF-21 for 8 weeks in db/db mice nearly normalized fed blood glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels. Immunohistochemistry of pancreata from db/db mice showed a substantial increase in the intensity of insulin staining in islets from FGF-21-treated animals as well as a higher number of islets per pancreas section and of insulin-positive cells per islet compared with control. No effect of FGF-21 was observed on islet cell proliferation. In conclusion, preservation of beta-cell function and survival by FGF-21 may contribute to the beneficial effects of this protein on glucose homeostasis observed in diabetic animals.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Essener Bogen 7, D-22419 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wente
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Efanov
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Alexei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kharitonenkov
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Köster
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Sandusky
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sewing
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Treinies
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zitzer
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gromada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C488187:FRS2alpha protein, mouse; D007328:Insulin; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; C505524:Casp7 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases