title: Hydrogen peroxide-mediated downregulation of matrix metalloprotease-2 in indomethacin-induced acute gastric ulceration is blocked by melatonin and other antioxidants.
abstract: Gastric mucosal damage is directly associated with extracellular matrix degradation in which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role. Remodeling of connective tissues and loss of tissue integrity due to the action of MMPs are reported in several inflammatory diseases, including gastric ulcer. Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration involves the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in MMP-2 transcription and translation. Our aim was to identify the mechanism for suppression of MMP-2 activity by ROS during acute ulceration and further to examine the possible actions of antioxidants, especially melatonin, during healing. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) blocked hydroxyl radical and nitrite anion generation, protein oxidation, mucosal cell disruption, and MMP-2 downregulation. In addition, suppression of MMP-2 activity by H2O2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro is blocked by melatonin, omeprazole, and curcumin. We observed that melatonin and other antioxidants (e.g., curcumin and omeprazole) offered gastroprotection in vivo by upregulation of suppressed MMP-2 expression and activity at the level of secretion and synthesis. Moreover, antioxidants reversed the suppression of MMP-2 expression by upregulation of MT1-MMP and downregulation of TIMP-2. Hence, we hypothesize that antioxidants exerted protection against H2O2-mediated inactivation and downregulation of MMP-2 expression during onset of indomethacin-induced ulceration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Krishnendu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganguly
authors.forename: Parag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Russel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Snehasikta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swarnakar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008550:Melatonin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017931:DNA Primers; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017364:Collagenases; C120487:pro-matrix metalloproteinase 9; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008550:Melatonin; D007213:Indomethacin