title: Preoperative localization of herniated thoracic discs using myelo-CT guided transpleural puncture: technical note.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, video-assisted thoracoscopic microdiscectomy has gained acceptance as a minimally invasive, safe, and efficient technique suited for herniated thoracic discs from T4T5 until T11T12. However, correct localization is difficult and wrong level exploration is an ever-present threat. We present a reliable and time-efficient localizing technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 86 consecutive cases, 1 day preoperatively intrathecal contrast was administered and a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in prone position. Using local anesthesia, a hollow needle was advanced above the corresponding rib and through the pleura. The inner wire and corresponding pathological level were easily identified endoscopically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myelo-CT provides detailed anatomical information, which is often helpful in determining the side of operative approach and the extent of bone removal needed. Needle localization obviates fluoroscopy, saves OR time, and allows the surgeon to focus on the technically demanding procedure. Furthermore, it is a relatively simple and safe technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, P. Debyelaan 25, PB 5800, Maastricht, 6202 AZ, The Netherlands. ecor@snch.azm.nl
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cornips
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beuls
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geskes
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Aalst
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009192:Myelography; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed