title: Sex differences in negative affective response during nicotine withdrawal.
abstract: This study examined physiological indicants of the neurobiological mediators of negative affect during acute nicotine withdrawal. Eighty subjects (41 male) were assigned to one of four groups (24-h deprived or nondeprived dependent smokers, occasional smokers, and nonsmokers) and participated in an instructed fear conditioning paradigm involving cued administration of electric shock. Negative affective response was measured with fear-potentiated startle during cues that signaled electric shock and during the postcue offset recovery period. Salivary cortisol and self-report measures were also collected. Fear-potentiated startle results indicated that affective recovery postcue offset was delayed in nicotine-deprived women. Nicotine-deprived women also displayed elevated cortisol levels throughout the fear conditioning procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hogle
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Curtin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D004597:Electroshock; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone