title: Occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields in relation to the risk of thyroid cancer in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to ascertain the risk of thyroid cancer in relation to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF) in a cohort representative of Sweden's gainfully employed population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A historical cohort of 2 992 166 gainfully employed Swedish male and female workers was followed up from 1971 through 1989. Exposure to ELFMF and ionizing radiation was assessed using three job exposure matrices based on industrial branch or occupational codes. Relative risks (RR) for male and female workers, adjusted for age and geographic area, were computed using log-linear Poisson models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occupational ELFMF exposure showed no effect on the risk of thyroid cancer in the study. However, female workers exposed to high intensities of ionizing radiation registered a marked excess risk (RR 1.85, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.02-3.35]. This trend was not in evidence among the men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the study confirms the etiologic role of ionizing radiation, with a higher incidence of thyroid cancer being recorded for the most-exposed female workers, our results do not support the possibility of occupational exposure to ELFMF being a risk factor for the development of thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Section, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, C/Sinesio Delgado, 6, ES-28029 Madrid, Spain. vicarvajal@isciii.es
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lope
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pérez-Gómez
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aragonés
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: López-Abente
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Floderus
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dosemeci
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*