title: Ethyl vinyl chloride vapocoolant spray fails to decrease pain associated with intravenous cannulation in children.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of ethyl vinyl chloride vapocoolant spray on pain reported by children undergoing intravenous cannulation. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on eligible children between the ages of 9 and 18 years seen in a pediatric emergency department and requiring intravenous cannulation. Informed consent was obtained, and children were randomized to receive ethyl vinyl chloride spray, isopropyl alcohol spray, or no spray (control group). Patient demographics and information pertaining to each intravenous cannulation were recorded. Children indicated the degree of pain associated with intravenous cannulation on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) compared to a baseline pain score of "zero." Statistical analysis was performed by using Stata version 7. One hundred twenty-seven subjects were enrolled: 37 received ethyl vinyl chloride vapocoolant spray, 48 received isopropyl alcohol spray (placebo), and 42 received no pretreatment. Mean VAS scores for pain experienced during cannulation were 34, 33, and 31 mL for each group, respectively. Ethyl vinyl chloride vapocoolant spray failed to measurably reduce pain associated with intravenous cannulation when compared to those pretreated with isopropyl alcohol spray or receiving no intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramundo
authors.forename: Norman C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005018:Ethyl Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010919:Placebos; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014752:Vinyl Chloride
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D005018:Ethyl Chloride; D014752:Vinyl Chloride