title: [Repair of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and skull base defect by endoscope].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the failed causes of repairing the cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and the use of endoscope techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen cases with recurrent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea were retrospective studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen cases were repaired successfully at the first time transnasal endoscope and three cases succeed at the second attempt, two cases lost following-up after the failed repairing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic repairing of CSF rhinorrhea is effective. The failure factors were: the leak location, repairing material and placement techniques, the area of skull base defect, correct localizing leak etc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 150001, China.
authors.forename: Pinan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yonghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult