title: Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway influences smooth muscle hyperplasia in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiopoietins are involved in blood vessel maturation and remodeling.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  One consequence of endothelium-specific tyrosine kinase-2 (Tie2) receptor activation by angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is the release of endothelium-derived growth factors that recruit vascular wall cells. We investigated this process in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ang1, Ang2, and total and phosphorylated Tie2 expression (mRNA and protein) was evaluated in human lung specimens and in cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) and pulmonary endothelial cells (P-ECs) isolated from patients with iPAH and control subjects. Media collected from Ang1-treated P-ECs were assessed for their PA-SMC growth-promoting effect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tie2 receptor was fourfold higher in lungs and P-ECs from patients with iPAH than in those from control subjects, with a parallel increase in phosphorylated lung Tie2 receptor. In contrast, Ang1 and Ang2 expression in lungs, P-ECs, and PA-SMCs did not differ. Incubation of PA-SMCs with medium collected from P-EC cultures induced marked proliferation, and this effect was stronger when using P-ECs from patients with iPAH than from control subjects. Ang1 pretreatment of P-ECs from either patients or control subjects induced a further increase in PA-SMC proliferation. Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of the mitogenic action of serotonin, reduced the growth-promoting effect of P-EC media. Ang1 added to P-ECs from patients with iPAH increased the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and serotonin, but not of platelet-derived growth factor-BB or epidermal growth factor, and increased the amount of mRNA encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis), preproET-1, and ET-1-converting enzyme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ang1/Tie2 pathway is potentiated in iPAH, contributing to PA-SMC hyperplasia via increased stimulation of endothelium-derived growth factors synthesis by P-ECs.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U651, Faculté de Médecine, 8, Rue Général Sarrail, Créteil, France. dewachter@creteil.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dewachter
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adnot
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fadel
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humbert
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maitre
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barlier-Mur
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonneau
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamon
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naeije
authors.forename: Saadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eddahibi
mesh_terms: D042683:Angiopoietin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D042683:Angiopoietin-1; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D019332:Endothelin-1; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes; D005473:Fluoxetine; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; C467630:ANGPT1 protein, human