title: DNA mechanics as a tool to probe helicase and translocase activity.
abstract: Helicases and translocases are proteins that use the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to move along or pump nucleic acid substrates. Single molecule manipulation has proved to be a powerful tool to investigate the mechanochemistry of these motors. Here we first describe the basic mechanical properties of DNA unraveled by single molecule manipulation techniques. Then we demonstrate how the knowledge of these properties has been used to design single molecule assays to address the enzymatic mechanisms of different translocases. We report on four single molecule manipulation systems addressing the mechanism of different helicases using specifically designed DNA substrates: UvrD enzyme activity detection on a stretched nicked DNA molecule, HCV NS3 helicase unwinding of a RNA hairpin under tension, the observation of RecBCD helicase/nuclease forward and backward motion, and T7 gp4 helicase mediated opening of a synthetic DNA replication fork. We then discuss experiments on two dsDNA translocases: the RuvAB motor studied on its natural substrate, the Holliday junction, and the chromosome-segregation motor FtsK, showing its unusual coupling to DNA supercoiling.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l' Ecole Normale Supérieure, UMR 8550 CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Timothée
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lionnet
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dawid
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bigot
authors.forename: François-Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Barre
authors.forename: Omar A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Heslot
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Allemand
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bensimon
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Croquette
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000378:metabolism*; D045566:DNA, Cruciform / Q000378:metabolism*; D019563:Mechanics; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D045566:DNA, Cruciform; D004247:DNA; D004265:DNA Helicases