title: Pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading in colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgery induces a catabolic response with stress hormone release and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of pre-operative carbohydrate administration on grip strength, gastrointestinal function and hospital stay following elective colorectal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients undergoing elective colonic resection were randomized into one of three groups. Group 1 were fasted; Group 2 were given pre-operative oral water, Group 3 received equivalent volumes of a Maltodextrin drink. Time to first flatus, first bowel movement and hospital stay were recorded. Muscle strength was measured pre-operatively, and on alternate days thereafter until discharge using a grip strength dynamometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the carbohydrate group had a median postoperative hospital stay of 7.5 days compared with 13 days in the water group (P > 0.01) and 10 days in the fasted group (P = 0.06). The median time postsurgery to first flatus was 3 days for both the fasted and water groups compared with 1.5 days in the carbohydrate group (P = 0.13). First bowel movement occurred on day 3 in the carbohydrate group, day 4 in the fasting group and day 5 in the water group. The fasted group showed a significant reduction in postoperative grip strength (P < 0.05) with a median drop of 10% at discharge. Neither the water nor the carbohydrate groups showed significant reductions in muscle strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that pre-operative administration of oral carbohydrate leads to a significantly reduced postoperative hospital stay, and a trend towards earlier return of gut function when compared with fasting or supplementary water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Freeman Hospital, High Heaton, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Noblett
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davison
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Horgan
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates