title: The prognostic significance of pretreatment plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, and IGF binding protein-3 in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is related to cell proliferation and tumor growth. We tested whether pretreatment plasma levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 would predict the prognosis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays from 77 patients with advanced NSCLC enrolled in a phase II study of irinotecan plus cisplatin chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IGF-2 and IGFBP-3 levels were elevated in female patients, non-squamous cell carcinoma, and never smokers. In a univariate Cox proportional hazards model, higher levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-3 were predictive of longer progression-free (P=0.001, 0.006, and 0.007, respectively) and overall survival (P=0.025, <0.0001, and 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are independent factors for progression-free survival (P<0.0001 and P=0.001, respectively). In addition, IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-3 are independently predictive for overall survival (P=0.004, 0.001, and 0.043, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High plasma levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-3 were associated with good prognosis in patients with advanced NSCLC. Further validation of these results is needed to determine the prognostic significance of IGF system in advanced NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, Lung Cancer Branch, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu-dong, Ilsan-gu, Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, Republic of Korea. jymama@ncc.re.kr
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Byung Gil
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ju
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012907:Smoking; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006728:Hormones; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II