title: Waste water disinfection during SARS epidemic for microbiological and toxicological control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the disinfection of wastewater in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the SARS epidemic occurred in Beijing, a study of different disinfection methods used in the main local wastewater plants including means of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet was carried out in our laboratory. The residual coliform, bacteria and trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids were determined after disinfection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chlorine had fairly better efficiency on microorganism inactivation than chlorine dioxide with the same dosage. Formation of THMs and HAAs does not exceed the drinking water standard. UV irradiation had good efficiency on microorganism inactivation and good future of application in China. Organic material and ammonia nitrogen was found to be significant on inactivation and DBPs formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chlorine disinfection seems to be the best available technology for coliform and bacteria inactivation. And it is of fairly low toxicological hazard due to the transformation of monochloramine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Jian
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ling-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002681:China; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010087:Oxides; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D002713:Chlorine; D010126:Ozone; D000641:Ammonia; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen