title: Two cases of transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage are well known, but the etiology remains unclear. Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome is characterized by acute onset myocardial infarction-like symptoms, transient (reversible) cardiac dysfunction, and shapes resembling ampulla on left ventriculography. We managed general anesthesia for two patients with transient left ventricular apical ballooning and ECG abnormalities associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. During anesthesia, their hemodynamic status was almost stable although their cardiac performance analyzed by transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal cardiography was poor. Anesthetic management of this syndrome may be simplified if less cardiosuppressive anesthetic management is used. We recommend evaluating cardiac function with transthoracic echocardiography or transesophageal cardiography when an subarachnoid hemorrhage patient has ECG abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otomo
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terasaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000758:Anesthesia; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D003128:Coma; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D013577:Syndrome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology