title: Prevalence of bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaw within the field of osteonecrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prevalence of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws within the catchment area of a university hospital maxillofacial unit and to review the outcome of treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a retrospective study, all patients with osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis treated in the period from January 2000 to March 2005 in the department for Maxillo Facial Surgery at the University of Mainz, Germany were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty percent of the patients are grouped to odontogenic or surgically induced osteomyelitis. The second largest group (28%) were patients with osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Ten percent of all patients developed an osteonecrosis after treatment with bisphosphonates (BOJ). Eight percent showed osteomyelitis or sequester due to a trauma while 14% of all patients had osteomyelitis of unknown origin. All BOJ patients took bisphosphonates because of metastatic diseases of the bone (plasmocytoma, mamma carcinoma and prostate cancer) for up to 5 years. All had been administered a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (either pamidronat or zoledronat). Thirteen out of the 17 patients with BOJ and 14 of the 45 with ORN reported a possible trigger like previous tooth extraction, pressure denture sore or periodontal diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the association of bisphosphonate therapy and osteonecrosis of the jaw. The importance of this new disease is characterised by the growing number of patients. The role of dental trigger factors and the poor surgical outcome both seem to justify a prophylactic dental care concept in high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany. walter@mkg.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Knut A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Grötz
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunkel
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Nawas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007571:Jaw Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates