title: Arteriogenesis: noninvasive quantification with multi-detector row CT angiography and three-dimensional volume rendering in rodents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate two-dimensional (2D) multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) angiography and three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering for depiction of patterns of arterial growth and quantification of blood vessel density and volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional animal care and use committee approved this study. The right femoral artery and its branches were ligated and excised in 16 inbred Lewis rats; animals were randomly assigned to receive 70 microL Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) or 1.5 x 10(7) bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMC) from isogenic donor rats in 70 microL DMEM. At 2 weeks, CT angiography was performed with injection of 0.45 mL barium sulfate suspension at 0.7 mL/min, followed by silver staining. Number of blood vessels, area, mean area, volume, and blood vessel size distribution derived from digitally subtracted 2D CT angiographic sections were quantified; 3D images were reconstructed. Two-way analysis of variance and paired and unpaired Student t tests were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT angiography showed two patterns of arterial growth: collateral arterial formation and branching arteriogenesis. Two-way analysis of variance indicated that differences within subjects (ischemic vs nonischemic legs) and between subjects (BMC vs DMEM treatment) were significant for total blood vessel area, total blood vessel volume, and mean of blood vessel area (P < .001). In the BMC group, there were significantly more arteries (mean, 241.6 +/- 77.0 [standard deviation] vs 196.4 +/- 75.2, P = .028), but mean cross-sectional area of these arteries was smaller in ischemic versus nonischemic legs (5.4 mm(2) +/- 1.2 vs 6.8 mm(2) +/- 1.3, P = .006). Total arterial area and volume did not differ significantly between ischemic and nonischemic legs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMC injection had a substantial effect on arteriogenesis, with normalization of total arterial area and volume in the BMC group; this effect was successfully depicted.
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis Research Center and Department of Radiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Borwell Research Building HB 7700, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. zzw@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Zhen W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pearlman
authors.forename: Terry J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sackett
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Ebo D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: de Muinck
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000254:growth & development*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed