title: Effect of various Ca2+/PO4(3-) concentrations of linseed-based saliva substitutes on enamel in vitro.
abstract: Remineralization might be hampered by various polymers used in saliva substitutes. Thus, the present study evaluated the effects of various calcium and phosphate concentrations of linseed-based solutions on the mineral loss of pre-demineralized bovine enamel in vitro. A commercially available saliva substitute (Salinum) based on linseed was tested as well. Enamel specimens were prepared from bovine incisors and embedded in epoxy resin. One-third of each sample was covered with nail varnish (control of sound enamel). After demineralization (37 degrees Celsius; pH 5.0; 14 days) another third of the samples was nail-varnished again. Subsequently, the specimens (n = 10) were exposed to 12 linseed-based solutions (Ca(2+) addition 0-2 mM; PO4(3-) addition 0-3.2 mM) at pH 5.5 and 6.5 as well as to Salinum) for 14 days (37 degrees Celsius). The differences in mineral loss between the values prior to and after the storage in the various solutions were evaluated from microradiographs of thin sections (100 mum). The general linear model revealed a significant dependency for the mineral loss on 'calcium' (P = 0.003), but not on 'pH' (P = 0.397) and 'phosphate' (P = 0.094). Salinum) induced a significant greater mineral loss compared with equivalently saturated solutions (P < 0.05; anova, Bonferroni). The solution with the highest calcium and phosphate concentration showed the greatest mineral gain (P = 0.033; paired t-test). The addition of calcium and phosphate seems to have a positive effect on the remineralizing qualities of linseed-based saliva substitutes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lueckel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tschoppe
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kielbassa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D019597:Flax; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007477:Ions / Q000494:pharmacology; D008852:Microradiography / Q000379:methods; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry*; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D007477:Ions; D010710:Phosphates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C450899:Salinum; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C022045:octacalcium phosphate; D002118:Calcium