title: Early cerebrovascular disease in a 2-year-old with extreme obesity and complete metabolic syndrome due to feeding of excessively high amounts of energy.
abstract: A 2-year-old morbidly obese boy presented with early manifestation of vascular disease associated with several obesity-related features of the metabolic syndrome due to massive overfeeding. Ultrasound of the carotid arteries showed significant thickening of the intima media, perfusion magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated cerebral microcirculation disturbance, and echocardiography revealed left ventricular hypertrophy. Thorough assessment of morbidly obese children seems to be of importance from early childhood on. Studies evaluating the prevalence of obesity-related metabolic and vascular comorbidities in very young morbidly obese children are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Vienna Medical University, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weghuber
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaknun
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nasel
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willforth-Ehringer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boriss-Riedl
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Widhalm
mesh_terms: D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography