title: Effect of naringin on bone cells.
abstract: Statin, a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, was shown to increase BMP-2 gene expression for bone formation, by blocking the mevalonate pathway in cholesterol production. We investigated the effect of naringin, a flavonoid available commonly in citrus fruits, which was also a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, in UMR 106 osteoblastic cell line in vitro. The control group consisted of cells cultured without any intervention for different time intervals (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h), whereas the experimental (naringin) group consisted of cells cultured with naringin of different concentrations (0.001 micromol/L, 0.01 micromol/L, and 0.1 micromol/L) for the same time intervals of the control. Colorimetric Tetrazolium (MTT) assay, total protein content assay, and alkaline phosphatase activity were used to measure the cellular activities. Results for the naringin group showed an increase in MTT assay compared with the control and the effect was dose dependent. At high concentration (0.1 micromol), the increases ranged from 60% to 80%. In the total protein content assay, naringin also showed an increase compared with control and the effect was also dose dependent. At high concentration (0.1 micromol), the increases ranged from 9% to 20%. In the alkaline phosphatase activity assay, naringin at high concentration (0.1 micromol) significantly increased the activity up to 20%. In conclusion, naringin significantly increased bone cell activities in vitro. This is the first study specifically attempted to investigate the effect of naringin on bone cell activities. Besides statin, this provided another example of mevalonate pathway blockage in the cholesterol production pathway by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition will increase the bone cell activities.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong. fyoung@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: R W K
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: A B M
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rabie
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005562:Formazans / Q000378:metabolism; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D005562:Formazans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C079782:MTT formazan; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C005274:naringin