title: Early production of activated oxygen species in root apoplast of wheat following copper excess.
abstract: Wheat seedlings (Triticum durum Desf.) were incubated in a solution containing 100 microM CuSO(4) for increasing time ranging from 1 min to 6h. Copper rapidly accumulated into the roots, and its amount increased significantly until 360 min. During the experiment, copper did not cause any lipid peroxidation and K(+) leakage. Up to 60 min of copper treatment the superoxide (O2(*-)) production in root apoplast decreased concomitantly with increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In contrast, after 60 min of incubation, SOD decreased and this facilitated an increase in O2(*-) production. In the presence of the SOD inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid, O2(*-) production was more than two times higher and showed a biphasic increase. Very high SOD activity in the apoplast, due to the presence of three different isozymes, one Mn-SOD and two CuZn-SODs, dismutated the radical giving rise, at least in part, to an increase in hydrogen peroxide. The highest value of H(2)O(2) was detected at 15 min, when peroxidase (POD) activity reached the lowest value. Root apoplast showed the presence of at least five different isoforms of PODs, whose pattern did not change during the entire treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Biotecnologie Agrarie, Università di Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sgherri
authors.forename: Mike Frank
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Quartacci
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Navari-Izzo
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D003300:Copper; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D011188:Potassium