title: Secretory endometrium highly expresses urocortin messenger RNA and peptide: possible role in the decidualization process.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urocortin (UCN) gene expression and synthesis have been reported in epithelial and stromal cells of the human endometrium. In this study we evaluated (i) UCN messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and peptide production in uterine specimens collected throughout the endometrial cycle, (ii) UCN secretion after decidualization of cultured human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and (iii) the effect of UCN on endometrial decidualization.
  
  
  METHODS
  HESCs were isolated from samples of human endometrium collected from healthy patients with normal menstrual cycle and cultured in presence of cAMP, 17-beta-estradiol (E(2)) + medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and UCN. UCN levels were measured in endometrial extracts by an enzyme immunoassay, and changes of endometrial UCN mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UCN peptide concentrations and mRNA expression were highest in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle (P < 0.001, late secretory versus early and late proliferative phase) and higher in the late than the early secretory phase (P < 0.01). After decidualization of HESC with cAMP or E(2) + MPA, UCN levels rose in parallel with prolactin concentrations by days 6 (P < 0.01, for all). Finally, the addition of UCN to HESCs, with or without E(2) + MPA, induced the release of prolactin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence that (i) UCN is highly expressed in the secretory phase of the endometrial cycle; (ii) cAMP and E(2) + MPA modulate secretion of UCN and (iii) UCN induces HESCs decidualization together suggest a possible role for UCN in endometrial physiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torricelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Falco
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leucci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leoncini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D003656:Decidua / Q000254:growth & development*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D054832:Urocortins
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054832:Urocortins; D004958:Estradiol; D011388:Prolactin; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D000242:Cyclic AMP