title: Genome-scale assessment of molecular pathology in systemic autoimmune diseases using microarray technology: a potential breakthrough diagnostic and individualized therapy-design tool.
abstract: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases are of complex aetiology, characterized by an intricate interplay of various factors. A myriad of genes lies behind the heterogeneous manifestations of these diseases, and the overexpression and repression of particular genes form a specific gene-expression profile (genetic fingerprints) that is characteristic to the given disease phenotype. Besides the description of various cell types by using gene-expression profiling, the data should be directly applicable to the design of individual therapeutic protocols for patients suffering from various autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the gene-expression profile, various genetic signatures of different autoimmune diseases and give an overview on the possible interpretations of the data. The application of recent breakthroughs in high-throughput molecular profiling technologies, such as microarray technology has been the basis for a revolution in biomedical research, as well as diagnostics and pharmaceutical development. It is easy to envision a day when personalized medicine, which is the diagnosis and treatment of a given patient with agents and procedures tailored to that patient's genetics, physiology and pathology, will become the standard of care.
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Centola
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bolstad
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alex
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szanto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeher
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Hjelmervik
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nakken
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szegedi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szodoray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000276:immunology; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics