title: Circadian expression of clock genes in purified hematopoietic stem cells is developmentally regulated in mouse bone marrow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clock genes are known to mediate circadian rhythms in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Although they are expressed in mouse hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells, it is unknown if they are related to circadian rhythms in these cells. We therefore investigated the 24-hour patterns in the activity of several clock genes in the bone marrow (BM) side population (SP) primitive stem cells, and compared these 24-hour patterns to clock gene variations in the whole BM and liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells were obtained from 84 B6D2F(1) mice in three replicate experiments on the second day after release into constant darkness from a standardizing light-dark schedule. mRNA expression of clock genes was measured with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mPer2 displayed circadian rhythms in SP cells, whole BM, and liver cells. mPer1 and mRev-erb alpha showed a circadian rhythm in whole BM and liver, but not SP cells. mBmal1 was not expressed rhythmically in SP cells, nor in the whole BM, contrary to rhythms observed in the liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of mPer2, most clock genes studied in primitive hematopoietic SP stem cells were not oscillating in a fully organized circadian manner, which is similar to immature cells in rapidly proliferating organs, such as the testis and thymus. These findings indicate that circadian clock gene expression variations in BM are developmentally regulated.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research Group, The Gade Institute, Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsinkalovsky
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Filipski
authors.forename: Benedikte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosenlund
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sothern
authors.forename: Hans Geir
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Eiken
authors.forename: Ming Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Claustrat
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lévi
authors.forename: Ole Didrik
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Laerum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000502:physiology; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors