title: [Comparison between optical microscopic examination and phase contrast microscopic examination for diagnosing the origin of urinary bleeding].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phase contrast microscopy method is useful in the examination of urine sediment to differentiate glomerular(Gl) hematuria from non glomerular(nonGl) hematuria. In this study, we compared the diagnostic value of optical microscopy with that of phase contrast microscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty fresh urine samples of microscopic hematuria(5/HPF or more) from 118 patients with renal disease and 42 patients with urologic disease were analyzed. The erythrocytes referred to as Gl, are defined to have acanthocytes, target configuration, or finger ring shape, and a Gl cell/total erythrocyte ratio greater than 3% is defined as reliable marker for Gl bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity and specificity of this criteria for Gl bleeding were 50.9% and 94.9% in acanthocytes, 69.6% and 89.1% in the target configuration, and 88.4% and 89.1% in the finger ring, respectively. As for the microscopic observation methods, the sensitivity and specificity of this criteria for GI bleeding were 88.1% and 81.0% with phase contrast microscopy, 74.6% and 90.9% with optical microscopy with no dyeing, and 74.6% and 88.6% with optical microscopy with dyeing, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GI and nonGl hematuria were correctly diagnosed by counting the urinary Gl cells not only by phase contrast microscopy, but also by optical microscopy. This method seems to have important clinical usefulness by offering information on urinary bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohisa
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaku
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D008875:Middle Aged; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*