Signal transduction pathways involved in mechanotransduction in bone cells.
Several in vivo and in vitro studies with different loading regimens showed that mechanical stimuli have an influence on proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. Prerequisite for this influence is the transduction of mechanical signals into the cell, a phenomenon that is termed mechanotransduction, which is essential for the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis in adults. Mechanoreceptors, such as the integrins, cadherins, and stretch-activated Ca2+ channels, together with various signal transduction pathways, are involved in the mechanotransduction process that ultimately regulates gene expression in the nucleus. Mechanotransduction itself is considered to be regulated by hormones, the extracellular matrix of the osteoblastic cells and the mode of the mechanical stimulus.
Liedert
Astrid
A
Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Germany. astrid.liedert@uni-ulm.de
Kaspar
Daniela
D
Blakytny
Robert
R
Claes
Lutz
L
Ignatius
Anita
A
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
D011453:Prostaglandins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002118:Calcium