title: Interleukin-7 dose-dependently restores parenteral nutrition-induced gut-associated lymphoid tissue cell loss but does not improve intestinal immunoglobulin a levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Without enteral nutrition, the mass and function of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), a center of systemic mucosal immunity, are reduced. Therefore, new therapeutic methods, designed to preserve mucosal immunity during parenteral nutrition (PN), are needed. Our recent study revealed that exogenous interleukin-7 (IL-7; 1 microg/kg twice a day) restores the GALT cell mass lost during intravenous (IV) PN but does not improve secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels. Herein, we studied the IL-7 dose response to determine the optimal IL-7 dose for recovery of GALT mass and function during IV PN. We hypothesized that a high dose of IL-7 would increase intestinal IgA levels, as well as GALT cell numbers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male mice (n = 42) were randomized to chow, IL-7-0, IL-7-0.1, IL-7-0.33, IL-7-1 and IL-7-3.3 groups and underwent jugular vein catheter insertion. The IL-7 groups were fed a standard PN solution and received IV injections of normal saline (IL-7-0), 0.1, 0.33, 1, or 3.3 microg/kg of IL-7 twice a day. The chow group was fed chow ad libitum. After 5 days of treatment, the entire small intestine was harvested and lymphocytes were isolated from Peyer's patches (PPs), intraepithelial (IE) spaces, and the lamina propria (LP). The lymphocytes were counted and phenotypes determined by flow cytometry (alphabetaTCR, gammadeltaTCR, CD4, CD8, B cell). IgA levels of small intestinal washings were also examined using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-7 dose-dependently increased total lymphocyte numbers in PPs and the LP. The number of lymphocytes harvested from IE spaces reached a plateau at 1 microg/kg of IL-7. There were no significant differences in any phenotype percentages at any GALT sites among the groups. IgA levels of intestinal washings were significantly higher in the chow group than in any of the IL-7 groups, with similar levels in all IL-7 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exogenous IL-7 dose-dependently reverses PN-induced GALT cell loss, with no major changes in small intestinal IgA levels. IL-7 treatment during PN appears to have beneficial effects on gut immunity, but other therapeutic methods are needed to restore secretory IgA levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Japan. fukatsu@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukatsu
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ikezawa
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maeshima
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Omata
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yaguchi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Hoshio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraide
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology; D011897:Random Allocation; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D015851:Interleukin-7