title: Serum transforming growth factor-beta1 levels and pancreatic cancer risk: a nested case-control study (Japan).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship of baseline levels of serum TGF-beta1 to the subsequent risk of death from pancreatic cancer in a nested case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases were 85 persons who had provided a blood sample at baseline and subsequently died of pancreatic cancer during the study period. For each case, three controls were randomly selected from among the cohort participants, and were matched for each case by sex, age (+/-1 year), and study area. Serum TGF-beta1 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from conditional logistic models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean of serum TGF-beta1 levels was significantly higher among cases than among controls (p = 0.01). Individuals with serum TGF-beta1 levels in the highest quartile had a 2.5-fold increase in risk as compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.9-6.9), after adjustment for month of blood draw, cigarette smoking, body mass index and history of diabetes. Excluding 12 pancreatic cancer deaths that occurred within three years of follow-up did not alter the positive association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our prospective data indicate that high serum TGF-beta1 levels may be associated with an increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 21 Karimata, Yazako, Aichi-gun, Aichi, Japan. kikuchis@aichi-med-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yingsong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagyu
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Motohashi
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1