title: Glycaemic control without weight gain in insulin requiring type 2 diabetes: 1-year results of the GAME regimen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Weight gain appears to be unavoidable in patients with type 2 diabetes who are switched from oral agents to insulin therapy. Peripheral hyperinsulinism induced by the use of long-acting insulin may be the key to explain this adverse effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether a regimen free of long-acting insulin can provide long-term glycaemic control without causing weight gain.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an uncontrolled, 1-year study comprising 58 patients with type 2 diabetes and secondary failure, age 30-75 years, BMI 25-35 kg/m(2), HbA1c > 7.5% and fasting C-peptide level > 0.3 mmol/l. All patients were treated with the GAME regimen, a combination of glimepiride administered at 20:00 hours for nocturnal glycaemic control, insulin aspart three times daily for meal-related glucose control and metformin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-one per cent of the patients were considered evaluable. HbA1c decreased from 10.0 +/- 0.3 to 7.4 +/- 0.1% (p < 0.001). Fifty-nine per cent reached HbA1c levels <or= 7.5%. Symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemia was not reported. Body weight tended to decrease during the first 3 months (-1.0 +/- 0.5 kg, p = 0.06), but then gradually rose to a value 0.8 +/- 0.5 kg higher than at baseline (p = 0.12). This is 4.4 +/- 0.6 kg less than predicted for conventional regimens employing long-acting insulin (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GAME regimen provides long-term glycaemic control as well as stabilization of body weight in about 60% of type 2 patients presenting with secondary failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ziekenhuis Rijnstate, Arnhem, the Netherlands. hdeboer@alysis.nl
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keizers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verschoor
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruineman-Koerts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D008687:Metformin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C057619:glimepiride