title: [Secondary midfacial reconstruction using different surgical techniques and computer assisted surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aim of this retrospective study was to assess the outcome after secondary midfacial reconstruction using different operation techniques and computer assisted surgery. Functional and aesthetic aspects as well as experiences are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 patients were assessed for enophthalmos, diplopia, and aesthetics during a follow-up period of up to 2.5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 40% of the patients several techniques for soft and hard tissue reconstruction were used. In 5 of the 9 patients diplopia was improved; in 4 patients there was no change. A significant enophthalmos was corrected in 8 out of 12 patients. After additional surgery 6 patients had a good aesthetic result, 7 a satisfactory and 5 a poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For secondary midfacial reconstruction often a combination of different surgical techniques is necessary. Bony asymmetries and enophthalmos were successfully corrected, however, functional and aesthetic impairment due to bad soft tissue condition are difficult to correct. Computer assisted surgery is helpful for dissection within the orbit, for graft placement, and for positioning of osteotomized segments.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. guenter.lauer@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Winnie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pradel
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Eckelt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D004172:Diplopia / Q000601:surgery*; D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000601:surgery*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted