title: Activity and expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinases in human colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are involved in colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis. There is still debate whether the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 differs between tumors located in the colon and rectum. We designed this study to determine any differences in the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and uPA system between colon and rectal cancer tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cancer tissue samples were obtained from colon carcinoma (n = 12) and rectal carcinomas (n = 10). MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were examined using gelatin zymography and Western blotting; their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), were assessed by Western blotting. uPA, uPAR and PAI-1 were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activity of uPA was assessed by casein-plasminogen zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both colon and rectal tumors, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 protein levels were higher than in corresponding paired normal mucosa, while TIMP-2 level in tumors was significantly lower than in normal mucosa. The enzyme activities or protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and their endogenous inhibitors did not reach a statistically significant difference between colon and rectal cancer compared with their normal mucosa. In rectal tumors, there was an increased activity of uPA compared with the activity in colon tumors (P = 0.0266), however urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) showed no significant difference between colon and rectal cancer tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that uPA may be expressed differentially in colon and rectal cancers, however, the activities or protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, PAI-1 and uPAR are not affected by tumor location in the colon or the rectum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University and Hospital, Daejeon, 301-721, Korea. tdkim@cnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Tae-Dong
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyoung-Sub
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hae-Duck
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Byung-Doo
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Wan-Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; C051321:SERPINE1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9