title: A combination of fentanyl-midazolam-propofol provides better intubating conditions than fentanyl-lignocaine-propofol in the absence of neuromuscular blocking agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of propofol and adjuvants such as opioids, benzodiazepines and local anaesthetic agents, may provide adequate conditions for tracheal intubation without the need for neuromuscular blocking agents. In this randomized, double-blind study, intubating conditions after induction of anaesthesia with propofol, midazolam and fentanyl were compared with those after propofol, lignocaine and fentanyl.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 80 ASA I/II adult patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery, intubating conditions were compared after induction of anaesthesia with a fentanyl 2 microg/kg, midazolam 0.03 mg/kg, propofol 2.5 mg/kg combination (group FMP) vs. a fentanyl 2 microg/kg, lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg, propofol 2.5 mg/kg combination (group FLP). Intubating conditions were assessed using a qualitative scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intubation was successful in all patients in group FMP and in 87.5% of patients in group FLP; (P= 0.021). Overall, intubating conditions were clinically acceptable in 77.5% and 55% of patients in group FMP and group FLP, respectively (P= 0.033).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the fentanyl, midazolam, propofol combination more reliably provides acceptable conditions for intubation than the fentanyl, lignocaine, propofol combination. Intubation was successful in all patients receiving the fentanyl, midazolam, propofol combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India. drsunilprakash@gmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhartiya
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine; D008874:Midazolam; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D015742:Propofol
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D009466:Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; D008012:Lidocaine; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol