title: Biological control of Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on finished stored products using egg and larval parasitoids.
abstract: Biological control using hymenopteran parasitoids presents an attractive alternative to insecticides for reducing infestations and damage from the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in retail and warehouse environments. We examined the potential for using combinations of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma deion Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), and the larval parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for preventing infestations of P. interpunctella in coarse-ground cornmeal as well as the influence of packaging on parasitoid effectiveness. Treatments included one or both parasitoids and either cornmeal infested with P. interpunctella eggs or eggs deposited on the surface of plastic bags containing cornmeal. H. hebetor had a significant impact on the number of live P. interpunctella, suppressing populations by approximately 71% in both unbagged and bagged cornmeal. In contrast, T. deion did not suppress P. interpunctella in unbagged cornmeal. However, when released on bagged cornmeal, T. deion significantly increased the level of pest suppression (87%) over bagging alone (15%). When H. hebetor was added to bagged cornmeal, there was a significant reduction of live P. interpunctella compared with the control (70.6%), with a further reduction observed when T. deion was added (96.7%). These findings suggest that, in most situations, a combined release of both T. deion and H. hebetor would have the greatest impact; because even though packaging may protect most of the stored products, there are usually areas in the storage landscape where poor sanitation is present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Grieshop
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Flinn
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nechols
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D018857:Food Packaging; D016266:Food Parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000469:parasitology*; D009036:Moths / Q000469:parasitology*; D010063:Ovum / Q000469:parasitology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D014863:Wasps / Q000502:physiology*