title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with nephrocutaneous fistula after failed flank exploration.
abstract: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting with nephrocutaneous fistula is a rare condition, and its treatment of choice is nephrectomy. Laparoscopic management has been proved to be challenging in these inflammatory renal conditions. However, there was no previous report in the literature regarding laparoscopic treatment of nephrocutaneous fistula especially after previous operation. In this communication, we report the first case of hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with nephrocutaneous fistula after previous failed flank exploration.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. kittinutk@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kittinut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kijvikai
authors.forename: Charuspong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dissaranan
authors.forename: Panas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chalermsanyakorn
authors.forename: Chaiyasit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matchariyakul
authors.forename: Wachira
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kochakarn
mesh_terms: D017577:Cutaneous Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011705:Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*