title: Detection of lysergic acid in ruminal fluid, urine, and in endophyte-infected tall fescue using high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: Ergot alkaloids present in endophyte-infected tall fescue induce fescue toxicosis in livestock consuming the plant. The lysergic acid (LA) ring structure is a common moiety among the ergot alkaloids. Little is known about the bioavailability of LA because of limitations in available analytical protocols. Thus, a high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed to analyze biological matrices for LA. The biological matrices of interest were tall fescue straw and seed, and ruminant feces, urine, and ruminal fluid. Lysergic acid was added to each matrix at a high (150 ng/ml) or low (30 ng/ml) level. Using the high-level addition, the greatest recovery of LA was obtained from ruminal fluid, feces, and urine (P < 0.05), with an average 85.1% recovered. At the low level, a greater recovery of added LA was observed in the ruminal fluid, urine, and feces (82.1%; P < 0.05) than that in the other 2 matrices (62.6%). The limit of quantitation (LOQ) in ruminal fluid and urine was 5.5 and 18.4 ng/ml, respectively. Seed, straw, and feces had higher LOQ (24.2, 14.5, and 36.0 ng/g, respectively). Limit of detection (LOD) was 1.64, 10.80, 4.35, 5.52, and 7.26 ng/g for ruminal fluid, feces, urine, seed, and straw, respectively. To test the assay in vivo, samples of ruminal fluid and urine were collected from steers consuming a diet containing 400 ng of ergovaline/g and 30 ng of LA/g. All matrices sampled resulted in levels above the LOD and LOQ for the assay, indicating that this assay is sufficiently sensitive for use in assessing the bioavailability of LA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Range Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lodge-Ivey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: True
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004873:Ergolines / Q000737:chemistry; D004879:Ergotamines / Q000737:chemistry; D008237:Lysergic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D006109:Poaceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004873:Ergolines; D004879:Ergotamines; C076760:ergovaline; D008237:Lysergic Acid; C061884:lysergol