title: Patterns in current anaesthesiological peri-operative practice for colonic resections: a survey in five northern-European countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For colorectal surgery, evidence suggests that optimal management includes: no pre-operative fasting, a thoracic epidural analgesia continued for 2 days post-operatively, and avoidance of fluid overload. In addition, no long-acting benzodiazepines on the day of surgery and use of short-acting anaesthetic medication may be beneficial. We examined whether these strategies have been adopted in five northern-European countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2003, a questionnaire concerning peri-operative anaesthetic routines in elective, open colonic cancer resection was sent to the chief anaesthesiologist in 258 digestive surgical centres in Scotland, the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 74% (n = 191). Although periods of pre-operative fasting up to 48 h were reported, most (> 85%) responders in all countries declared to adhere to guidelines for pre-operative fasting and oral clear liquids were permitted until 2-3 h before anaesthesia. Solid food was permitted up to 6-8 h prior to anaesthesia. In all countries more than 85% of the responders indicated that epidural anaesthesia was routinely used. Except for Denmark, long-acting benzodiazepines were still widely used. Short-acting anaesthetics were used in all countries except Scotland where isoflurane is the anaesthetic of choice. With the exception of Denmark, intravenous fluids were used unrestrictedly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In northern Europe, most anaesthesiologists adhere to evidence-based optimal management strategies on pre-operative fasting, thoracic epidurals and short-acting anaesthetics. However, premedication with longer-acting agents is still common. Avoidance of fluid overload has not yet found its way into daily practice. This may leave patients undergoing elective colonic surgery at risk of oversedation and excessive fluid administration with potential adverse effects on surgical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht and NUTRIM Institute, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hannemann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lassen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hausel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nimmo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ljungqvist
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soop
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Revhaug
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: von Meyenfeldt
authors.forename: C H C
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Dejong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spies
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery*; D003625:Data Collection; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004435:Eating; D005060:Europe; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D011292:Premedication; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires