title: Caring, chaos and the vulnerable family: experiences in caring for newborns of drug-dependent parents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infants exposed to intrauterine drugs present a number of challenging features with which the new mother is faced. They can be irritable, unresponsive, and unpredictable. Available treatments require specialised neonatal care for the first four to six weeks of life; a critical time for the parent-infant attachment relationship to develop. Neonatal nurses have the opportunity to promote this development and ameliorate the effect of other developmental risk factors the baby is likely to experience.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore neonatal nurses' experiences of providing care to drug-exposed newborns and their parents throughout treatment for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used interpretive methods by conducting group interviews with eight neonatal nurses in each of four Special Care Nursery Units in South-East Queensland, Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Barriers to promoting the parent-infant attachment relationship were found to be both attitudinal and organisational. These barriers were significant, and were seen to impact negatively on optimal care delivery to this vulnerable population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unfortunately, the results of this study indicated that management of these babies and their parents is compromised by a range of attitudinal and organisational factors. There is a need to address these barriers to optimise care delivery and improve the way in which neonatal nurses impact on parent-infant relationships.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld., Australia. j.fraser@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Herbert C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Biggs
authors.forename: Victoria J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D022143:Family Nursing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000451:nursing*; D009769:Object Attachment; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D011793:Queensland; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations