title: Both abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent and ABA-independent pathways govern the induction of NCED3, AAO3 and ABA1 in response to salt stress.
abstract: The responsiveness of plants to osmotic stress is critically mediated by the increase in abscisic acid (ABA) levels. Osmotic stress induces the biosynthesis of ABA, whose increased levels subsequently exert a positive feedback on its own biosynthetic pathway. As only qualitative or semi-quantitative analyses were performed to test the inducibility of ABA biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, we used quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to re-examine the induction of the ABA1, ABA2, ABA3, NCED3 and AAO3 genes by NaCl and ABA. Quantitative gene expression data obtained from wild-type plants and severely ABA-deficient mutants support the prevailing notion that the 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid cleavage reaction is the key regulatory step in NaCl-induced ABA biosynthesis. Interestingly, strong induction by NaCl of NCED3 was still observed in severe ABA-deficient mutants, pointing to an ABA-independent induction pathway for NCED3 that is NaCl-dependent. Therefore, in the absence of the ABA-mediated positive feedback on ABA biosynthesis, the ABA-independent pathway makes a major contribution to the induction of key ABA biosynthetic genes, such as NCED3, AAO3 and ABA1. In addition, and in contrast to some previous reports, our data do not support the limited ability of ABA to induce NCED3 expression. Under our experimental conditions, the induction of NCED3 by ABA, either in wild-type plants or ABA-deficient mutants, was predominant over that of other ABA biosynthetic genes. Natural variability was found in the induction by NaCl and ABA of NCED3 and ABA1 expression in different Arabidopsis accessions, although NCED3 expression was clearly predominant.
authors.affiliation: División de Genética and Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barrero
authors.forename: Pedro L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quesada
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piqueras
authors.forename: María Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ponce
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Micol
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D049308:Dioxygenases; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D010105:Oxygenases; D049308:Dioxygenases; C109043:9-cis-epoxy-carotenoid dioxygenase; C470342:AAO3 protein, Arabidopsis; D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase