title: Protective effects of meloxicam on aluminum overload-induced cerebral damage in mice.
abstract: The putative protective effects of meloxicam on the oxidative damage induced by aluminum overload in mice brain were investigated. The cerebral damage model in mice was established via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) microinjection of aluminum (5.0 microg in 2.0 microl), once a day for 5 days. Meloxicam, a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was intragastrically (i.g) administered 30 min before each aluminum administration, and continuously given for another 10 days after the last aluminum administration. Behavioral changes including locomotor activity, passive avoidance, and spatial learning and memory ability were examined two weeks after the last administration of meloxicam. To determine the brain damage, we also measured pathological alterations in the cerebral tissue, malondialdehyde contents and expressions of Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid beta. Furthermore, COX-2 proteins and COX-2 mRNA were examined to investigate the mechanism for underlying the effect of meloxicam. The impairment of learning and memory function was caused by aluminum overload. Consistent with the behavioral changes, neuronal death in the hippocampi, increased content of malondialdehyde, expressions of APP, amyloid beta and COX-2 proteins, as well as COX-2 mRNA, and decreased expression of ChAT protein were detected in the aluminum-overload mice. Meloxicam significantly protected mice from the brain damage, and behavioral and biochemical changes above caused by aluminum overload. These experimental results indicate that there is a close relationship between over-expression of COX-2 and neuron damage induced by aluminum overload. It also suggests that selective inhibitors of COX-2 have potential values in clinical treatment for some other neuron damage-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, PR China. cqjqyang2004@yahoo.com.cn <cqjqyang2004@yahoo.com.cn>
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jun-Qing
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bei-Zhong
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bai-Cheng
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qi-Qin
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D000077239:Meloxicam; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013843:Thiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000535:Aluminum; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D000077239:Meloxicam