title: The world of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations.
abstract: Although antibiotics have long been known to have multiple effects on bacterial cells at low concentrations, it is only with the advent of genome transcription analyses that these activities have been studied in detail at the level of cell metabolism. It has been shown that all antibiotics, regardless of their receptors and mode of action, exhibit the phenomenon of hormesis and provoke considerable transcription activation at low concentrations. These analyses should be of value in providing information on antibiotic side-effects, in bioactive natural product discovery and antibiotic mode-of-action studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 01Z3, Canada. jed@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents