title: [Degradation of reactive red X-3B by ultra sound synergized with zero-valent iron].
abstract: The synergistic effects of ultra sound and zero-valent iron were studied by measuring the degradation of X-3B in zero-valent reduction, ultra sound degradation and synergistic systems. The effects of pH, ultra sound power and irradiation time on the synergistic system were explored. The results show that the X-3B is degraded difficultly by ultra sound and the total removal rate is less than 7.75% after 25min ultrasonic irradiation. When pH is 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0, the degradation rate of X-3B in synergistic system is about 1.68, 1.76 and 1.67 times, respectively, than the total removal rate of zero-valent iron reduction plus ultrasound degradation. After 25min ultrasonic irradiation in synergistic system, 99.42% of X-3B is removed at pH7.0. However, the degradation rate of X-3B in zero-valent iron reduction system is much higher than that of synergistic system at pH3.0. The degradation mechanism of X-3B in zero-valent iron reduction system is different from that of synergistic system. The X-3B is degraded into intermediate pollutants in the former, but is degraded completely in the latter. Accordingly, the X-3B can be degraded effectively in the synergistic system of zero-valent iron and ultra sound, when pH is 5.0 approximately 7.0 and the power of ultra sound is 400 approximately 600W.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. ttangxh@sohu.com
authors.forename: Xin-hu
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Li-sha
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ce-hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Ming-yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D013783:Textile Industry; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D007211:Indoles; C511352:Red-3 compound; D007501:Iron