title: Enhancement of the enzymatic digestibility of waste newspaper using Tween.
abstract: Methods of increasing the enzymatic digestibility of waste newspaper by adding Tween (TW)-20 and 80 surfactants were investigated. Tween-series surfactants were selected because these surfactants increase cellulase activity during enzymatic hydrolysis and do not inhibit cell growth in downstream fermentation processes. When surfactant was used in a pretreatment, a benefic effect was expected in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage owing to surfactant carry-over from the pretreatment stage immediately upstream of the hydrolysis. However, because it was necessary to wash the pretreated substrate with water to remove inhibitors produced during pretreatment, no added benefit was obtained. When surfactant was used in the pretreatment only, it was found that it had a marked effect on digestibility and that this effect was higher at lower enzyme loadings. Also, TW-80 was found to be more effective than TW-20, and the addition of enzyme and TW-80 to substrate at the beginning of enzyme reaction was found to most effectively increase digestibility. When TW-80 was added into either the pretreatment stage or the hydrolysis stage the digestibilities of untreated sample increased by approx 40%, whereas an increase of only 45% was observed when TW-80 was added to both stages. These results show that the addition of surfactant to either the pretreatment or the enzymatic hydrolysis stage is sufficient to increase digestibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea. sb_kim@gsnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Sung Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Joon
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control; D009524:Newspapers as Topic; D010209:Paper; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D002480:Cellulase; C068430:polysorbate 40