title: Omega-3 fatty acids and perinatal depression: a review of the literature and recommendations for future research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perinatal depression refers to major depression in the context of pregnancy and postpartum. In consideration of its prevalence and consequences, the treatment and prevention of perinatal depression should be important public health priorities. Omega-3 fatty acids are attractive for consideration in perinatal women, due to known health benefits for the mother and baby. Antidepressant medications may pose risks in utero and in breastfeeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE and manual searches were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiological and preclinical data support a role of omega-3 fatty acids in perinatal depression. Two studies failed to support a role of omega-3 fatty acids for postpartum depression prophylaxis, although one included a small sample, and the other utilized a low dosage. Two pilot studies suggest good tolerability and potential efficacy in the acute treatment of perinatal depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research studies are warranted to determine the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of perinatal depression.
authors.affiliation: Women's Mental Health Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724-5002, USA. marlenef@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid