Phylogeny of primate T lymphotropic virus type 1 (PTLV-1) including various new Asian and African non-human primate strains.
To further unravel intra- and interspecies PTLV-1 evolution in Asia and Africa, we phylogenetically analysed 15 new STLV-1 LTR and env sequences discovered in eight different Asian and African non-human primate species. We show that orang-utan STLV-1s form a tight, deeply branching monophyletic cluster between Asian STLV-1 macaque species clades, suggesting natural cross-species transmission. Novel viruses of Macaca maura, Macaca nigra and siamang cluster with other Sulawesian STLV-1s, demonstrating close relatedness among the STLV-1s in these insular species and suggesting cross-species transmission to a siamang in captivity. Viruses from Western chimpanzees and a Western lowland gorilla cluster within the HTLV-lb/STLV-1 clade, the latter close to a human strain, indicative of zoonosis. A new STLV-1 from Cercopithecus ascanius differs from the published STLV-Cas57, explainable by the existence of five geographically separated subspecies. Barbary macaques, not yet described to be STLV-infected, carry a relatively recent acquired, typical African STLV-1, giving us no clue on the phylogeographical origin of PTLV-1.
Van Dooren
Sonia
S
Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Sonia.VanDooren@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
Verschoor
Ernst J
EJ
Fagrouch
Zahra
Z
Vandamme
Anne-Mieke
AM
D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D006800:Deltaretrovirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D015752:Genes, env; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D018419:Primate Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D030261:Primate T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D011323:Primates; D015303:Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D015047:Zoonoses