title: Risk of cardiovascular mortality in prostate cancer patients in the Rotterdam randomized screening trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in prostate cancer patients in the Rotterdam section of European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer, in both arms, and to compare this with the risk in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of cardiovascular mortality for 2,211 prostate cancer patients were calculated including analyses for treatment subgroups (surgery, radiotherapy, watchful waiting, and hormone therapy). Cardiovascular mortality was defined as death as a result of all CVD and as a result of coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, other diseases of the heart, and cerebrovascular accidents. The prevalence of self-reported comorbidities at entry of the trial was evaluated as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean follow-up of 5.5 years, 258 prostate cancer patients (12%) had died. The SMR of all-cause mortality was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.01). The risk for cardiovascular mortality was low compared with that in the general population; the SMRs varied between 0.37 and 0.49. Low cardiovascular mortality risks were also seen within each treatment subgroup. CVD was the most frequently self-reported comorbidity at entry and prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy reported the lowest rates (24%) compared with those receiving other therapies (40% to 42%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although some self-selection has occurred, prostate cancer treatment did not increase the risk of dying as a result of cardiovascular causes in our cohort. The risk was significantly lower for all primary treatment modalities, suggesting that less emphasis should be put on CVD as a contraindication for aggressive (surgical) treatment for prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.otto@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Suzie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Fritz H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Harry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: de Koning
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors