title: Eigengene-based linear discriminant model for tumor classification using gene expression microarray data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nearest shrunken centroids classifier has become a popular algorithm in tumor classification problems using gene expression microarray data. Feature selection is an embedded part of the method to select top-ranking genes based on a univariate distance statistic calculated for each gene individually. The univariate statistics summarize gene expression profiles outside of the gene co-regulation network context, leading to redundant information being included in the selection procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We propose an Eigengene-based Linear Discriminant Analysis (ELDA) to address gene selection in a multivariate framework. The algorithm uses a modified rotated Spectral Decomposition (SpD) technique to select 'hub' genes that associate with the most important eigenvectors. Using three benchmark cancer microarray datasets, we show that ELDA selects the most characteristic genes, leading to substantially smaller classifiers than the univariate feature selection based analogues. The resulting de-correlated expression profiles make the gene-wise independence assumption more realistic and applicable for the shrunken centroids classifier and other diagonal linear discriminant type of models. Our algorithm further incorporates a misclassification cost matrix, allowing differential penalization of one type of error over another. In the breast cancer data, we show false negative prognosis can be controlled via a cost-adjusted discriminant function.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  R code for the ELDA algorithm is available from author upon request.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0602, USA.
authors.forename: Ronglai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Debashis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Arul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chinnaiyan
authors.forename: Zhaoling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Meng
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins