A virtual reality surgery simulation of cutting and retraction in neurosurgery with force-feedback.
A virtual-reality surgical simulator aimed at neurosurgery is presented. The simulator utilises boundary element (BE) technology to develop real-time realistic deformable models of the brain. The simulator incorporates the simulation of surgical prodding, pulling and cutting. Advanced features include the separation the cut surfaces by retractors and post-cutting deformations. The experience of virtual surgery is enhanced by implementing 3D stereo-vision and the use of two hand-held force-feedback devices.
Wang
P
P
School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and Management, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
Becker
A A
AA
Jones
I A
IA
Glover
A T
AT
Benford
S D
SD
Greenhalgh
C M
CM
Vloeberghs
M
M
D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface