title: Gene expression analysis for the prediction of recurrence in patients with primary Ta urothelial cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The individual recurrence-free period after primary surgery of patients with Ta urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) cannot be predicted accurately. This study aims at discriminating between patients with primary Ta UCC and long or short recurrence-free periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated mRNA expression of 23 genes in 44 primary Ta tumours (23 and 21 tumours were from patients with long [>or=4 yr] or short [<or=2 yr] recurrence-free periods, respectively), using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The genes were selected from previously published studies and showed a relationship with tumour recurrence in patients with UCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differential mRNA expression between the two patient groups indicated statistical significance only for the gene survivin (p=0.0011). Its recurrence predictive value could not be increased by a combination with any of the other genes. Comparison of the receiver operating characteristic curves for survivin expression between patients with long or short recurrence-free intervals revealed an area under the curve of 0.79 (95%CI, 0.65-0.92). Using the median expression (0.84) as cut-off level, survivin identified 71.4% (95%CI, 47.8-88.7) and 69.6% (95%CI, 47.1-86.8) of the patients with long or short recurrence-free periods, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study identifies survivin as the most promising candidate to distinguish between patients with primary Ta UCC and long or short recurrence-free intervals. Therefore, survivin mRNA expression analysis might help the urologist to individualise patient treatment and prevent unnecessary cystoscopies in a subgroup of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Iman J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: Huub
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Straatman
authors.forename: Lambertus A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kiemeney
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babjuk
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mares
authors.forename: Johannes L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: Dorine W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Swinkels
authors.forename: J Alfred
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
authors.forename: Per-Uno
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
authors.forename: Jacques B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: de Kok
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm