title: Induction of apoptosis by YTX in myoblast cell lines via mitochondrial signalling transduction pathway.
abstract: Yessotoxin (YTX) can induce apoptotic events in myoblast L6 and BC3H1 cell lines from rat and mouse, respectively. The present study indicates that apoptosis induced by YTX in these cell lines can occur through activation of the mitochondrial pathway indicating an intracellular response. Terminal events during mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis involve perturbations to mitochondria resulting in loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)), permeability transition pore (PTP) opening and the release of proapoptotic factors cytochrome c, smac/DIABLO into the cytosol. Results from western blotting, electron and fluorescent microscopy of YTX-treated myoblast cells provided experimental data for evaluation of cytochrome c, smac/DIABLO release and caspase-9 activation. Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and swelling of mitochondria indicated an active role of mitochondria during the early phase of apoptosis in L6 and BC3H1 cells after YTX exposure. These observations show that YTX targets mitochondria and involve activation of a cascade of events through mitochondrial regulation.
authors.affiliation: The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Food Safety and Infection Biology, Ullevaalsveien 72, P.O. Box 8146 Dep NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. Monica.Suarez@veths.no
authors.forename: Mónica Suárez
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Korsnes
authors.forename: Dyveke Lem
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hetland
authors.forename: Arild
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espenes
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aune
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000502:physiology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000633:toxicity*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D035964:Oxocins / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C489013:DIABLO protein, rat; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; D045304:Cytochromes c; D053453:Caspase 9; C066632:yessotoxin