title: Cardiovascular changes associated with venlafaxine in the treatment of late-life depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Potential cardiovascular side effects from venlafaxine-XR must be considered when prescribing this medication, especially in geriatric patients, who often present with comorbid medical conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants age 60 and older with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnosis of a major depressive episode without psychotic features were treated openly with venlafaxine-XR for 12 weeks during which venlafaxine-XR was titrated based on tolerability and response according to predefined guidelines. Sitting and standing blood pressures and heart rates were measured. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was obtained at baseline and at week 12.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two participants started treatment; 59 completed at least two weeks of the 12-week study. The mean final dose of venlafaxine-XR was 195.5 mg/day (standard deviation: 72.2). Twenty-four percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.3%-40.7%) of initially normotensive participants and 54% (95% CI: 34.3%-74%) of those with preexisting hypertension experienced an increase in blood pressure. Twenty-nine percent (95% CI: 14.6%-43.4%) of participants developed orthostatic hypotension. Two participants experienced a clinically significant increase in QTc interval. One participant reported new-onset mild dizziness, whereas four participants reported new-onset tachycardia or palpitation. Overall, 17 unique participants (28.8%; 95% CI: 17.3%-40.4%) experienced a new-onset cardiovascular problem, potentially related to the study medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, venlafaxine-XR was well tolerated. However, similar to previous reports, venlafaxine-XR was associated with some undesirable cardiovascular effects in some of the participants. Systematic monitoring of cardiovascular parameters during treatment with venlafaxine-XR should be strongly recommended, especially in the elderly.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ellyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Benoit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D003511:Cyclohexanols; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride