title: Contribution of the shaping and restraint components of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy to treatment outcome.
abstract: Two important components of Constraint-Induced Movement therapy are thought to be intense training of the more-impaired arm and physical restraint of the less-impaired arm. This preliminary study examined the effects of type of training (task-practice, shaping) and restraint (sling, half-glove, no restraint) on treatment outcomes. Seventeen individuals at least 1-year post-stroke with mild/moderate upper extremity motor deficit were consecutively assigned to Sling and Task-practice, Sling and Shaping, Half-glove and Shaping, and Shaping Only groups. Task-practice involved repetitive more-impaired arm training on functional tasks for 6 hr/day for 10 consecutive weekdays. Shaping differed from task-practice in that task demands were progressively increased and immediate performance feedback was provided frequently and systematically. "Sling" groups placed the less-impaired arm in a resting hand-splint/sling assembly for most waking hours over the 2-week intervention, while the "Half-glove" group wore a modified gardening glove as a reminder not to use the more affected arm in the life situation. There were no between-group differences in outcome at post-treatment, although two-years afterwards Sling & Task-practice and Half-glove & Shaping participants showed larger and smaller retention of gains, respectively, than those in the Sling & Shaping group. Thus, long-term outcomes may have been affected by type of more-impaired arm motor training and less-impaired arm restraint. These variables, however, were confounded with between-group differences in training intensity, limiting confidence in this conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Social & Behavioral Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. guswatte@uab.edu
authors.forename: Gitendra
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uswatte
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taub
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Joydip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barman
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crago
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome