title: Controversial issues and optimal management of stage T1G3 bladder cancer.
abstract: The management of T1G3 bladder cancer is controversial. Diagnostic methods, such as bladder mapping or second-look transurethral resection are recommended to assess risk. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin intravesical therapy with a maintenance regimen is recommended for solitary T1G3 tumors. The timing of radical cystectomy for these patients is controversial, but early recurrence during intravesical therapy is an indication for radical cystectomy. Multifocal disease, concomitant carcinoma in situ and disease in the prostatic urethra and bladder neck also suggest aggressive disease and cystectomy should be considered in these patients.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Unit 1373, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ametwalli@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Metwalli
authors.forename: Ashish M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kamat
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000465:Algorithms; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine