title: Non-enzymatic interactions of glyoxylate with lysine, arginine, and glucosamine: a study of advanced non-enzymatic glycation like compounds.
abstract: Glyoxylate is a 2 carbon aldo acid that is formed in hepatic tissue from glycolate. Once formed, the molecule can be converted to glycine by alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGAT). In defects of AGAT, glyoxylate is transformed to oxalate, resulting in high levels of oxalate in the body. The objective of this study was 2-fold. First, it was to determine, if akin to D-glucose, D-fructose or DL-glyceraldehyde, glyoxylate was susceptible to non-enzymatic attack by amino containing molecules such as lysine, arginine or glucosamine. Second, if by virtue of its molecular structure and size, glyoxylate was as reactive a reagent in non-enzymatic reactions as DL-glyceraldehyde; i.e., a glycose that we previously demonstrated to be a more effective glycating agent than D-glucose or D-fructose. Using capillary electrophoresis (CE), high performance liquid chromatography and UV and fluorescence spectroscopy, glyoxylate was found to be a highly reactive precursor of advanced glycation like end products (AGLEs) and a more effective promoter of non-enzymatic end products than D-glucose, D-fructose or DL-glyceraldehyde.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
authors.forename: Udayan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Menashi A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cohenford
authors.forename: Madhumita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dain
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000737:chemistry*; D005985:Glyceraldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D006038:Glyoxylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006038:Glyoxylates; D005632:Fructose; D005985:Glyceraldehyde; D001120:Arginine; D005947:Glucose; C031150:glyoxylic acid; D008239:Lysine; D005944:Glucosamine