Women's status and child well-being: a state-level analysis.
We conducted an ecologic analysis of the relation between women's status and child well-being in the 50 United States. State-level women's status was assessed via four composite indices: women's political participation, economic autonomy, employment and earnings, and reproductive rights. Child well-being was measured via five outcomes: percentage of low birthweight babies, infant mortality, teen mortality, high school dropout rate, and teen birth rate. Higher state-level women's status on all indicators was associated with significantly better state-level child well-being in unadjusted analyses. Several associations remained significant after adjusting for income inequality and state racial composition. Women's political participation was associated with a significantly lower percentage of low birthweight babies (p<.001) and lower teen birth rates (p<.05). Women's employment and earnings was associated with lower infant mortality (p<.05) and teen birth rates (p<.05). More economic and social autonomy for women was associated with better child outcomes on all measures (p<.01 all). Greater reproductive rights were associated with significantly lower infant mortality (p<.01). We conclude that child well-being is worse in states where women have lower political, economic, and social status. Women's status is an important aspect of children's social context which may impact their well-being. Multi-level analyses of the association between state-level women's status and child well-being are needed.
Koenen
Karestan C
KC
Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA. kkoenen@hsph.harvard.edu <kkoenen@hsph.harvard.edu>
Lincoln
Alisa
A
Appleton
Allison
A
D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012923:Social Class; D012924:Social Conditions; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D016387:Women's Health