title: Community support is associated with better antiretroviral treatment outcomes in a resource-limited rural district in Malawi.
abstract: A study was carried in a rural district in Malawi among HIV-positive individuals placed on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in order to verify if community support influences ART outcomes. Standardized ART outcomes in areas of the district with and without community support were compared. Between April 2003 (when ART was started) and December 2004 a total of 1634 individuals had been placed on ART. Eight hundred and ninety-five (55%) individuals were offered community support, while 739 received no such support. For all patients placed on ART with and without community support, those who were alive and continuing ART were 96 and 76%, respectively (P<0.001); death was 3.5 and 15.5% (P<0.001); loss to follow-up was 0.1 and 5.2% (P<0.001); and stopped ART was 0.8 and 3.3% (P<0.001). The relative risks (with 95% CI) for alive and on ART [1.26 (1.21-1.32)], death [0.22 (0.15-0.33)], loss to follow-up [0.02 (0-0.12)] and stopped ART [0.23 (0.08-0.54)] were all significantly better in those offered community support (P<0.001). Community support is associated with a considerably lower death rate and better overall ART outcomes. The community might be an unrecognized and largely 'unexploited resource' that could play an important contributory role in countries desperately trying to scale up ART with limited resources.
authors.affiliation: Médecins Sans Frontières, Medical Department (Operational Research), Brussels Operational Center, 68 Rue de Gasperich, L-1617, Luxembourg, Belgium. zachariah@internet.lu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teck
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Buhendwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitzerland
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chinji
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Humblet
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Harries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012423:Rural Health; D012944:Social Support; D016896:Treatment Outcome