title: Diffusion tensor imaging in hydrocephalus: initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MR imaging-based technique that provides an in vivo tool for visualization of white matter tracts. In this preliminary study, we used this technique to investigate the diffusion characteristics of white matter tracts in patients with hydrocephalus before and after surgery and compared them with age-matched volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients with different types of acute hydrocephalus (defined by acute clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure and imaging evidence of enlarged ventricles) underwent MR imaging including a DTI protocol before and after surgery for shunt placement/revision or ventriculostomy. Eight age-matched healthy subjects served as a control group. The DTI was acquired in a clinical setting that included 6 gradient directions with a b value of 1000 s/mm(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery, in fiber systems lateral to the ventricles (corona radiata), the diffusion parallel to the fibers was increased (+10%) and the diffusion perpendicular to the fibers was decreased (-25%) in all patients, resulting in an overall increase in the fractional diffusion anisotropy (FA, +28%). Following surgery, the FA values approached those of control values in all except 1 patient. In the corpus callosum, the presurgery FA values in patients with hydrocephalus (HCP) were lower than those of control values, and no significant changes were seen following surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DTI can distinguish the compression characteristics of white matter before and after surgery in patients with HCP. At the acute stage of the disease, DTI characteristics point to white matter compression as a possible cause of the observed changes.
authors.affiliation: The Levie-Edersheim-Gitter Institute for Functional Brain Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, Israel. asafyan@zahav.net.il
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Assaf
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ben-Sira
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Constantini
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beni-Adani
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020772:Internal Capsule / Q000473:pathology; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D014696:Ventriculostomy