Ten-year changes in sun protection behaviors and beliefs of young adults in 13 European countries.
OBJECTIVE
Sun protection behaviors are important to the prevention of skin cancers, but little is known about changes over time in attitudes and behavior.


METHODS
Cross-sectional surveys were carried out among university students in thirteen European countries in 1990 (n = 10,241) and 2000 (n = 10,161). Sun protection behavior and beliefs about the importance of sunscreen use for health were measured.


RESULTS
There was little change in the proportion of men and women who sunbathed, but use of sun protection increased over the 10-year interval from 52% to 63% in men and 80% to 87% in women. There was wide variation in sun protection use and strength of health beliefs between countries. The association between strength of beliefs and behavior was more marked in 2000 than 1990. Sun protection behavior was positively associated with the socioeconomic background of participants.


CONCLUSIONS
The use of sunscreen increased among educated young Europeans from several countries over the 1990s, but important sex differences remain. Awareness of the risk to health of unprotected sunbathing is high, but there is scope of strengthening attitudes to sunscreen use.
Peacey
Victoria
V
Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Steptoe
Andrew
A
Sanderman
Robbert
R
Wardle
Jane
J
D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003625:Data Collection; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014495:Universities
D013473:Sunscreening Agents