title: Repeated intravaginal inoculation with cell-associated simian immunodeficiency virus results in persistent infection of nonhuman primates.
abstract: The goal of the present study was to develop a nonhuman primate model of intravaginal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission with cell-associated virus. Reproductively mature, cycling cynomolgus macaques with or without chemically induced, transient ulcers of the lower female reproductive tract repeatedly received challenge with a variable amount of in vitro simian immunodeficiency virus mac239-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Persistent viremia was established with surprisingly few infectious lymphocytes containing physiologically relevant quantities of cell-associated virus. This model will be indispensable for the testing of vaccines and topical agents that are aimed toward the prevention of heterosexual transmission of HIV.
authors.affiliation: Immunogenetics and Virology Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaizu
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Kim L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Weisgrau
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vielhuber
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Shari M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Piaskowski
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furlott
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Maness
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Loffredo
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usborne
authors.forename: Eva G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Rakasz
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex