title: Update in prevention of atherosclerotic heart disease: management of major cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains as the first cause of death worldwide. Scientific community works everyday trying to ameliorate this burden. Only in the year 2004 around 2,790 publications about the therapeutic use of antihypertensive agents can be found in MEDLINE. Despite this overwhelming effort and information, only a relatively short number of manuscripts have a real impact in clinical practice. For the busy clinician, it becomes almost impossible to screen and be updated with the landmark publications. The purpose of this article is to provide concise information related to prevention of CVD. We reviewed publications in the past 5 years regarding cardiovascular risk factors with special attention to dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking cessation and obesity, discussing some new findings and treatments. We also discuss obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a recently identified cardiovascular risk factor, and provide a general overview about its pathophysiology and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romero-Corral
authors.forename: Virend K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Somers
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Korinek
authors.forename: Justo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sierra-Johnson
authors.forename: Randal J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Allison
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez-Jimenez
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents