Monomer conversion and hardness of novel dental cements based on ethyl cyanoacrylate.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work was to study the setting of two novel dental cements: (i) a 'hybrid' cement, incorporating an ethyl cyanoacrylate into a glass-ionomer cement (ECGIC) formulation and (ii) an ethyl cyanoacrylate/hydroxyapatite composite cement (ECHC). The mechanical role of the cyanoacrylate and its curing within the cements have been discussed.


METHODS
The setting of the cements was characterised using Vickers indentation hardness and near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy.


RESULTS
The cyanoacrylate component of ECGIC was 100% cured approximately 10min after the initial cement mixing. The ECGIC continued to increase in hardness after the cyanoacrylate component was fully cured. This proved that the fully polymerised network of cyanoacrylate did not prevent the acid-base reactions of the GIC components from continuing. The Vickers hardness number of ECGIC at 18 weeks was approximately 105. The curing of the cyanoacrylate within ECHC was much slower and was still not complete (98%) 18 weeks after the initial cement mixing. The hardness of the ECHC was shown to be correlated with the extent of cyanoacrylate cure. The Vickers hardness number of ECHC at 18 weeks was approximately 21. The primary reasons for the overall lower hardness of ECHC in comparison to ECGIC were the lower powder:liquid ratio and the softer filler type.


CONCLUSIONS
Careful consideration is needed when incorporating cyanoacrylates into dental cements, as speed of cure and hardness are particularly important.
Tomlinson
Susannah K
SK
School of Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QF, United Kingdom. S.K.Tomlinson@exeter.ac.uk
Ghita
Oana R
OR
Hooper
Robert M
RM
Evans
Kenneth E
KE
D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006244:Hardness; D006245:Hardness Tests; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D044367:Phase Transition; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D019279:Resin Cements; C029054:ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate