title: Short and long-term results of connective tissue manipulation and combined ultrasound therapy in patients with fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the short-term and 1-year follow-up results of connective tissue manipulation and combined ultrasound (US) therapy (US and high-voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation) in terms of pain, complaint of nonrestorative sleep, and impact on the functional activities in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational prospective cohort study of 20 female patients with FM. Intensity of pain, complaint of nonrestorative sleep, and impact of FM on functional activities were evaluated by visual analogue scales. All evaluations were performed before and after 20 sessions of treatment, which included connective tissue manipulation of the back daily, for a total of 20 sessions, and combined US therapy of the upper back region every other session. One-year follow-up evaluations were performed on 14 subjects. Friedman test was used to analyze time-dependent changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analyses revealed that pain intensity, impact of FM on functional activities, and complaints of nonrestorative sleep improved after the treatment program (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methods used in this study seemed to be helpful in improving pain intensity, complaints of nonrestorative sleep, and impact on functional activities in patients with FM.
authors.affiliation: Mugla University, Mugla School of Health Sciences, Mugla, Turkey. ilkim74@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ilkim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Citak-Karakaya
authors.forename: Türkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akbayrak
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Demirtürk
authors.forename: Gamze
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Yeşim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bakar
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003238:Connective Tissue; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D026882:Manipulation, Chiropractic; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy