title: [The effectiveness of mental health care in developing countries. Intervention and policy options at several levels].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In developing countries psychiatric disorders are a major cause of disability and reduced economic productivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present an overview of intervention and policy options in mental health care in developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the literature using PubMed, supplementing our finding with what we have learned from experience in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research data, though very limited, indicate that psychiatric disorders can be treated effectively in developing countries. Mental health care can be provided at three different levels: at the level of the existing health care system, at primary care level and at community level. We discuss interventions at each of these levels on the basis of three cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More research is needed into the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of mental health care interventions in developing countries; research must be accompanied by the actual implementation of mental health programmes in these countries.
authors.affiliation: HealthNet-TPO, Afghanistan. peterventevogel@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ventevogel
authors.forename: J T V M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003906:Developing Countries; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome