title: Cardiorespiratory compromise under conscious sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the cardiorespiratory effects of benzodiazepine and midazolam used for sedation in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with cardiorespiratory changes in the non-sedated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative, randomized, single blind study. Duration and Setting: Department of Medicine at Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India, from January to July 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 252 adult patients without previous cardiorespiratory co-morbidity, undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited. They were randomly allocated in to group I (placebo with saline administration), group II (diazepam administered) and group III (midazolam administered). The pulse rate, blood pressure, ECG and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was noted at baseline, after pre-medication, during endoscopy and postendoscopy. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test, Chi-square test and ANOVA as applicable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in baseline record of the three groups. Significant fall in SpO2 was noted in all the groups, more marked in the sedated one during endoscopy. Tachycardia developed in all the three groups and settled within 5 minutes of endoscopy. Blood pressure remained more stable in the sedated group. ECG changes included atrial and ventricular premature contraction in all the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopy is a safe procedure where cardiorespiratory complication are minimized in non-sedated patients when appropriately selected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India. ashish-ritibhalla@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Bahalla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: A
authors.forename: Sood
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: A
authors.forename: Sachdeva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: A
authors.forename: Duseja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: A
authors.forename: Gupta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: V
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam