title: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for large ureteral stones using HM3 lithotriptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for large (more than 10 mm) ureteral calculi with the unmodified Dornier HM3 lithotriptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 96 consecutive patients with large ureteral stones were treated with shock wave lithotripsy using an unmodified HM3 lithotriptor. Patients, stone characteristics, preliminary treatment before shock wave lithotripsy, additional procedures after shock wave lithotripsy, complications and clinical outcomes were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 2000 and 2003 a total of 96 patients (75 males, 21 females, mean age 51 years [range 16 to 81]) with large ureteral stones underwent shock wave lithotripsy. Average stone size was 14 mm (range 10 to 22), 90 stones were calcified, and 66 stones were located in the upper ureter, 20 in the mid ureter and 10 in the distal ureter. A total of 77 (80.2%) patients underwent a single shock wave lithotripsy session, 18 (18.7%) underwent 2 sessions and 1 (1.1%) patient underwent 3 sessions. The overall stone-free rate was 86.5% (83 patients). Complications occurred in 10 (10.4%) patients. Shock wave lithotripsy failed in 13 (13.5%) patients who were successfully treated with ureteroscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that shock wave lithotripsy for large ureteral stones along the entire ureter with the unmodified HM3 lithotriptor has a high success rate with minimal morbidity. We recommend it as first line treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Rambam Medical Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Sarel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halachmi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagar
authors.forename: Shai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golan
authors.forename: Yehoshua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ginesin
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meretyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018666:Ureteroscopy