title: Increased ratio of CD31+/CD42- microparticles to endothelial progenitors as a novel marker of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atherosclerosis may be caused by increased endothelial damage and by a consumptive loss of endothelial repair capacity by endothelial progenitors. Arterial stiffness is a reliable marker of atherosclerosis and a positive correlate of endothelial damage. We investigated whether an increased ratio of CD31+/CD42- microparticles to endothelial progenitors, a possible indicator of endothelial damage and impaired endothelium reparation, may contribute to aortic stiffness in hypercholesterolemia. We also studied the in vitro effect of microparticles from hypercholesterolemic patients on endothelial progenitor survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating CD31+/CD42- microparticles, endothelial progenitors, and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), a measure of aortic stiffness, were measured in 50 patients with never-treated hypercholesterolemia and 50 normocholesterolemic controls. Hypercholesterolemic patients had more circulating CD31+/CD42- microparticles, less endothelial progenitors, and a stiffer aorta than controls. aPWV was associated with CD31+/CD42- microparticles (r=0.61; P<0.001), endothelial progenitors (r=-0.45, P<0.001), and with cholesterol levels (r=0.51; P<0.001). High plasma cholesterol and a high ratio of CD31+/CD42- microparticles to endothelial progenitors independently predicted an increased aPWV. Microparticles from hypercholesterolemic patients caused a significant endothelial progenitor loss in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypercholesterolemia-related aortic stiffness is promoted by plasma cholesterol directly, increased endothelial damage, and reduced endothelium repair capacity by endothelial progenitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy. mpirro@unipg.it
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirro
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schillaci
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paltriccia
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagaglia
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menecali
authors.forename: Massimo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mannarino
authors.forename: Marusca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Capanni
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velardi
authors.forename: Elmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002470:Cell Survival; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004548:Elasticity; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011674:Pulse; D012307:Risk Factors; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D002784:Cholesterol