title: Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure: prevalence and prognostic importance--pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) may be particularly susceptible to unfavorable effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of HHcy (plasma homocysteine [Hcy]>or=14 micromol/L) in an unselected cohort of CHF patients, its clinical determinants, and prognostic implications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 108 consecutive CHF patients (81 men, age: 66+/-11 years) with mean plasma Hcy level 12.5+/-5.5 micromol/L (range 2.3-28.3 micromol/L), 38 (35%) patients demonstrated HHcy. Among clinical and metabolic parameters, in multivariable regression models, advanced NYHA class (P<0.0001), plasma NT-proBNP (P<0.001), peak oxygen consumption (P<0.05), reduced glomerular filtration rate (P<0.0001) and elevated serum uric acid (P<0.05) predicted high plasma Hcy level. HHcy was related to increased mortality (HR=3.26, 95% CI: 1.78-5.98, P=0.0001), also when adjusted for conventional prognosticators in multivariable models (all P<0.01). In patients with HHcy, a 3-year survival was 37% (95% CI: 22-52%) as compared to 73% (95% CI: 63-83%) in those with normal Hcy levels (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HHcy is common in CHF, is related to the disease severity, depicts generalized metabolic imbalance (evidenced by hyperuricaemia), and independently predicts poor long-term prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland. mnarusze@sci.pam.szczecin.pl
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naruszewicz
authors.forename: Ewa A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jankowska
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zymlinski
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bukowska
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Millo
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Banasiak
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponikowski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain