title: [The use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) in children and adolescents].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The compelling safety and efficacy data in numerous large, blinded trials on adult patients, and the progress in device- and leadtechnology have led to increasing use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in pediatric patients. The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy and safety of ICD in the pediatric age group of a tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1998 and October 2003 12 patients underwent ICD-implantation. The mean age at implantation was 14,8 years with a range between 10-17 years. The underlying cardiac disorders included long QT-syndrome in 4 patients, ventricular fibrillation in 3 patients, dilated cardiomyopathy in 4 patients, and congenital heart disease in 1 patient (pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect after Rastelli repair). All patients received a transvenous ICD-system (VVI-ICD in 4 patients, DDD-ICD in 8 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow up was 35 months (6-68 months). During this period there were no severe complications nor mortality. We haven't seen infections, thromboembolic complications or lead-perforations. 2 patients (17 %) received appropriate DC-shocks, 1 patient (8 %) received an inappropriate DC-shock. 10 patients (83 %) had no malignant ventricular arrhythmia under medical therapy. 2 patients (17 %) required revision because of lead-dysfunction. In 2 patients with DCM the device was explanted during orthotopic heart transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that advances in device- and leadtechnology have resulted in a decrease of severe complications in the pediatric age group. We conclude that ICD-implantation represents a safe and effective therapy for children and adolescents with lifethreatening ventricular dysrhythmias. Since it represents an invasive therapy, indication should be confined to patients with lifethreatening dysrhythmias according to the guidelines of the American Heart Association.
authors.affiliation: Universitätskliniken Tübingen, Abteilung Kinderheilkunde II, Kardiologie, Intensivmedizin, Pulmologie, Tübingen. christian.apitz@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apitz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gass
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dörnberger
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kuehlkamp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofbeck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*