title: Effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on the oxidative stress in cultured mesangial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) are two primary immunosuppressive agents used for the prevention of graft rejection. However, their use is associated with significant side effects, most notably nephrotoxicity. The mechanisms of this toxicity are not fully understood, but they seem to be associated with increases in the production of oxygen free radicals (OFRs). This present work examined the effect of CsA and Tac on the production of OFRs in cultured rat renal mesangial cells (RMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Varying concentrations of CsA and Tac (0 to 40 micromol/L) were added to RMCs and incubated for 60 minutes at 37 degrees C. The production of OFRs was evaluated by measuring the fluorescent product from the oxidation of an oxidant-sensitive 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 60 minutes, the relative fluorescence units (RFU) for OFRs production in RMCs exposure to CsA were increased by 2.5%, 11.5%, 22.5%, 57.2%, and 174% at 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L, respectively. Tac increased the RFU by 15.9%, 13.6%, 14.8%, 13.2%, 21.4%, 13.2%, and 28.1% at 0.1, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L, respectively. In RMCs, the RFU produced by CsA was higher than that by Tac.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this experiment suggest that CsA and Tac induced renal injury by OFRs.
authors.affiliation: Dongsan Kidney Institute and Chronic Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dong San Dong, Daegu 700-712, Korea.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus