title: Non-viral delivery of nuclear factor-kappaB decoy ameliorates murine inflammatory bowel disease and restores tissue homeostasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a key transcriptional regulator of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the therapeutic potential of a locally administered "non-viral" nuclear factor-kappaB decoy (NFkappaBD) in multiple experimental models of IBD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fully phosphorothioated decoy oligonucleotide with improved stability that specifically binds NF-kappaB and blocks inflammatory mediators regulated by this transcription factor without the help of viral envelope-assisted delivery was developed. The therapeutic effects of NFkappaBD were studied in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, oxazolone and dextran sodium sulphate induced colitis models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracolonic administration of NFkappaBD results in the delivery of NFkappaBD to inflammatory cells and a reduction of NF-kappaB heterodimers. In the T helper cell 1-driven trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis model, mice receiving NFkappaBD treatment exhibit a dose-dependent reduction in disease severity and a more rapid recovery to normal body weight, similar to a clinically relevant dose of budesonide. Clinical efficacy was corroborated by considerable reductions in colitis pathology and tissue levels of several pro-inflammatory markers, including tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 1beta and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. NFkappaBD also mitigates disease activity in the T helper cell 2-like oxazolone colitis and epithelial injury-related acute dextran sodium sulphate colitis models. Interestingly, restoration of tissue homeostasis is observed in NFkappaBD-treated animals with the rapid re-emergence of functional goblet cells and a return to normal patterns of cell proliferation in the mucosal epithelium and smooth muscle cell layers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support the potential use of "naked" NFkappaBD as a cross-functional therapeutic in IBD, and show for the first time that it can facilitate the restoration of colon homeostasis and function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, Corgentech, Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: De Vry
authors.forename: Srinivasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Komuves
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzana
authors.forename: Christi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parham
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Sarvesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adda
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kahoud
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garlapati
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shyamsundar
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muchamuel
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dajee
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schryver
authors.forename: Leslie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.forename: Rolf O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Ehrhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010081:Oxazolone; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; C468119:NF-kappaB decoy; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D010081:Oxazolone; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D016264:Dextran Sulfate