title: ND3 and ND4L subunits of mitochondrial complex I, both nucleus encoded in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, are required for activity and assembly of the enzyme.
abstract: Made of more than 40 subunits, the rotenone-sensitive NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is the most intricate membrane-bound enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In vascular plants, fungi, and animals, at least seven complex I subunits (ND1, -2, -3, -4, -4L, -5, and -6; ND is NADH dehydrogenase) are coded by mitochondrial genes. The role of these highly hydrophobic subunits in the enzyme activity and assembly is still poorly understood. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the ND3 and ND4L subunits are encoded in the nuclear genome, and we show here that the corresponding genes, called NUO3 and NUO11, respectively, display features that facilitate their expression and allow the proper import of the corresponding proteins into mitochondria. In particular, both polypeptides show lower hydrophobicity compared to their mitochondrion-encoded counterparts. The expression of the NUO3 and NUO11 genes has been suppressed by RNA interference. We demonstrate that the absence of ND3 or ND4L polypeptides prevents the assembly of the 950-kDa whole complex I and suppresses the enzyme activity. The putative role of hydrophobic ND subunits is discussed in relation to the structure of the complex I enzyme. A model for the assembly pathway of the Chlamydomonas enzyme is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Photobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium. pierre.cardol@ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cardol
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lapaille
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minet
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.forename: René F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Matagne
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Remacle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011061:Poly A / Q000235:genetics; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D011061:Poly A; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I