Differentiation of the gastric mucosa. I. Role of histamine in control of function and integrity of oxyntic mucosa: understanding gastric physiology through disruption of targeted genes.
Many physiological functions of the stomach depend on an intact mucosal integrity; function reflects structure and vice versa. Histamine in the stomach is synthesized by histidine decarboxylase (HDC), stored in enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, and released in response to gastrin, acting on CCK(2) receptors on the ECL cells. Mobilized ECL cell histamine stimulates histamine H(2) receptors on the parietal cells, resulting in acid secretion. The parietal cells express H(2), M(3), and CCK(2) receptors and somatostatin sst(2) receptors. This review discusses the consequences of disrupting genes that are important for ECL cell histamine release and synthesis (HDC, gastrin, and CCK(2) receptor genes) and genes that are important for "cross-talk" between H(2) receptors and other receptors on the parietal cell (CCK(2), M(3), and sst(2) receptors). Such analysis may provide insight into the functional significance of gastric histamine.
Chen
Duan
D
Dept. of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, Laboratory Centre, Erling Skjalgssons Gate 1, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway. duan.chen@ntnu.no
Aihara
Takeshi
T
Zhao
Chun-Mei
CM
Håkanson
Rolf
R
Okabe
Susumu
S
D000818:Animals; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006632:Histamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000378:metabolism
D006632:Histamine