title: Transforming growth factor beta mediates apoptosis in the ganglion cell layer during all programmed cell death periods of the developing murine retina.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is an extracellular signaling molecule known to mediate programmed cell death (PCD) in the developing retina. In the present study, we investigated the expression profiles and activity levels of TGF-beta ligand and TGF-beta receptors (TbetaR) during the successive physiological PCD periods of the developing postnatal mouse retina. The peak of TbetaR expression levels--revealed by Western Blots and MLEC assays--coincided with the main periods of postnatal (P) retinal murine PCD at P2, P9, and P15. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the localization of the TbetaRs is restricted to the ganglion cell layer. Application of a neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody to E15 and P9 retinal cultures resulted in a significant decrease in the number of TUNEL-positive neurons specifically in the ganglion cell or prospective ganglion cell layer. Treatment of P2 and P15 organotypic murine retinal wholemount cultures with exogenous recombinant TGF-beta significantly increased cell death levels. In the P15 retina, where PCD affects ganglion cells and photoreceptors, TGF-beta induced cell death of large retinal ganglion cells, whereas small ganglion cells and photoreceptor neurons remained unaffected. Our data indicate that TGF-beta mediated apoptosis during all postnatal retinal PCD phases specifically affects the fate of retinal ganglion cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, 45122 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Adnana Nicoletta
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Paunel-Görgülü
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scheerer
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dünker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling / Q000379:methods; D007211:Indoles; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D050819:Transcription Factor Brn-3A / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; C494189:Pou4f1 protein, mouse; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D050819:Transcription Factor Brn-3A; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C007293:DAPI