title: Protective role of protein kinase C epsilon activation in ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemic heart disease carries an increased risk of malignant ventricular tachycardia (VT), fibrillation (VF), and sudden cardiac death. Protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon activation has been shown to improve the hemodynamics in hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. However, very little is known about the role of epsilon PKC in reperfusion arrhythmias. Here we show that epsilon PKC activation is anti-arrhythmic and its inhibition is pro-arrhythmic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Langendorff-perfused isolated hearts from epsilonPKC agonist (epsilonPKC activation), antagonist (epsilonPKC inhibition) transgenic (TG), and wild-type control mice were subjected to 30 min stabilization period, 10 min global ischemia, and 30 min reperfusion. Action potentials (APs) and calcium transients (CaiT) were recorded simultaneously at 37 degrees C using optical mapping techniques. The incidence of VT and VF was assessed during reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No VT/VF was seen in any group during the stabilization period in which hearts were perfused with Tyrode's solution. Upon reperfusion, 3 out of the 16 (19%) wild-type mice developed VT but no VF. In epsilonPKC antagonist group, in which epsilonPKC activity was downregulated, 10 out of 13 (76.9%) TG mice developed VT, of which six (46.2%) degenerated into sustained VF upon reperfusion. Interestingly, in epsilonPKC agonist mice, in which the activity of epsilonPKC was upregulated, no VF was observed and only 1 out of 12 mice showed only transient VT during reperfusion. During ischemia and reperfusion, CaiT decay was exceedingly slower in the antagonist mice compared to the other two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate in vivo activation of epsilonPKC exerts beneficial antiarrhythmic effect vis-a-vis the lethal reperfusion arrhythmias. Abnormal CaiT decay may, in part, contribute to the high incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias in the antagonist mice. These findings have important implications for the development of PKC isozyme targeted therapeutics and subsequently for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.
authors.affiliation: VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11209 and NYU School of Medicine, NY 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Yuankun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Yongxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boutjdir
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon