title: Pattern of inflammation and impact of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in nasal polyps from southern China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study analyzes the impact of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SAEs) and the inflammatory pattern in polyps from China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal tissue was obtained from 27 consecutive bilateral nasal polyps and 15 control patients and assayed for eotaxin, interleukin-5, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, myeloperoxidase, eosinophil cationic protein, total IgE, and specific IgE to SAEs. Activated eosinophils were stained using EG2 antibodies in polyps from Chinese and comparative white patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of EG2+ eosinophils was significantly lower in polyps from Chinese patients versus white patients. Chinese polyps showed significantly increased IgE and soluble interleukin-2 receptor versus control samples, whereas TGF-beta1 was significantly decreased. Ten of 27 samples in the polyp group versus 0 of 15 controls contained SAE-IgE (p < 0.01). TGF-beta1 was significantly down-regulated in SAE+ samples versus SAE- samples (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasal polyps from China are characterized by B- and T-cell activation, a minor eosinophilic inflammation compared with polyps from white subjects, and a decrease in TGF-beta1 in comparison with control inferior turbinate tissue. One-third of patients with polyps showed an IgE response to SAEs.
authors.affiliation: Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, University Hospital Ghent, Upper Airway Research Laboratory, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holtappels
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Claeys
authors.forename: Ganquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Cauwenberge
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000032:analysis; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; D047091:Eosinophil Granule Proteins; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D007073:Immunoglobulin E