title: Effects of cueing and collaboration on the acquisition of complex legal skills.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To overcome the teacher bandwidth problem in supporting large groups of students, both automated process support (cueing) and face-to-face feedback by peers during small group work (collaboration) can be provided to students.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this experimental study was to examine whether a multimedia practical containing cueing could be effectively combined with peer feedback to support the acquisition of the complex skill of preparing a plea in court.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the context of a regular court practical, 50 junior law students at a Dutch university individually studied a multimedia practical and participated in small group discussions about intermediate learning outcomes of the practical.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study examined the effects of cueing and collaboration on training outcomes and transfer pleas, and on cognitive activity during collaboration, by combining the multimedia practical and small group collaboration to support the complex task of preparing a plea in court.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cueing and collaboration positively influence training outcomes, with participants without cueing benefiting most from additional collaboration. Transfer plea scores reveal a positive effect of collaboration but a negative effect of cueing. Analysis of discussions during small group collaboration reveals a negative effect of cueing on the level of cognitive activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peer feedback during small group work indeed appears to be a feasible option to be combined with or (partially) substitute individualized cueing when training complex learning tasks.
authors.affiliation: Open University of The Netherlands, The Netherlands. hans.hummel@ou.nl
authors.forename: Hans G K
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paas
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koper
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D001076:Aptitude; D003071:Cognition; D003463:Cues; D006801:Humans; D007603:Jurisprudence; D007858:Learning; D009042:Motivation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors