title: Transformation of phenol, catechol, guaiacol and syringol exposed to sodium hypochlorite.
abstract: Germs, xenobiotics and organic matter that influence the colour, turbidity and organoloeptic properties of water are removed by chlorination. Unfortunately, chlorine oxidants including sodium hypochlorite, used in water treatment induce processes that partly convert the treated compounds to unwanted chlorinated derivatives. The purpose of this work was to analyse the efficiency of transformation of phenol, catechol, guaiacol and syringol exposed to sodium hypochlorite and determine the intermediates formed during oxidative conversion of these compounds. The analysis was performed in aerobic conditions, both in acidic (pH 4.0) and alkaline (pH 8.0) medium. The effectiveness of transformation was slightly higher in acidic in comparison to alkaline conditions. Some chlorophenols, such as 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were determined as the products of phenol conversion. Chlorophenols were also formed during catechol, guaiacol and syringol transformation by replacement of hydroxy and methoxy residues by chlorine atoms. Moreover, some chlorocatechols and chlorinated methoxyphenols were determined during catechol and methoxyphenols transformations. Higher concentrations of chlorinated compounds were observed in the alkaline environment during phenol transformation. Conversion of catechol and methoxyphenols generated higher amounts of chlorinated intermediates in the acidic medium. In samples carboxylic acids like acetic and formic acids were determined. The formation of these compounds was the result of the cleavage of aromatic structure of phenols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, University of Łódź, 12/16 Banacha St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland. michalow@biol.uni.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Jaromir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michałowicz
authors.forename: Wirgiliusz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duda
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stufka-Olczyk
mesh_terms: D002396:Catechols / Q000737:chemistry*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry*; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011748:Pyrogallol; D019800:Phenol; C010120:pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether; D006139:Guaiacol; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; C034221:catechol