title: Ubiquity and diversity of multidrug resistance genes in Lactococcus lactis strains isolated between 1936 and 1995.
abstract: The presence and the nucleotide sequence of four multidrug resistance genes, lmrA, lmrP, lmrC, and lmrD, were investigated in 13 strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis, four strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris, two strains of Lactococcus plantarum, and two strains of Lactococcus raffinolactis. Multidrug resistance genes were present in all L. lactis isolates tested. However, none of them could be detected in the strains belonging to the species L. raffinolactis and L. plantarum, suggesting a different set of multidrug resistance genes in these species. The analysis of the four deduced amino acid sequences established two different variants depending on the subspecies of L. lactis. Either lmrA, or lmrP, or both were found naturally disrupted in five strains, while full-length lmrD was present in all strains.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Belén
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Flórez
authors.forename: Clara G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: de Los Reyes-Gavilán
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wind
authors.forename: Baltasar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Abelardo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margolles
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D017045:Lactococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; C101824:LmrA protein, Lactococcus lactis; C513418:LmrC protein, Lactococcus lactis; C513419:LmrD protein, Lactococcus lactis; C096807:LmrP protein, Lactococcus lactis