title: Roles for accessory molecules in microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors.
abstract: The Toll family of receptors recognizes a variety of microbial products and triggers immune responses. Recent progress has revealed a requirement for accessory molecules in microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition requires LPS binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2. MD-2 is directly involved in ligand-binding and subsequent receptor activation, whereas LBP and CD14 control ligand presentation to the receptor complex, Toll-like receptor (TLR4)/MD-2. CD14 and LBP influence the amplitude of LPS responses and LPS-induced type I interferon production. TLR2 is also reported to require similar accessory molecules. Innate immune responses to microbial products driven by TLRs are controlled by accessory molecules working upstream of TLRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. kmiyake@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology*; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein