title: Ubiquilin 1 modulates amyloid precursor protein trafficking and Abeta secretion.
abstract: Ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1) is a ubiquitin-like protein, which has been shown to play a central role in regulating the proteasomal degradation of various proteins, including the presenilins. We recently reported that DNA variants in UBQLN1 increase the risk for Alzheimer disease, by influencing expression of this gene in brain. Here we present the first assessment of the effects of UBQLN1 on the metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). For this purpose, we employed RNA interference to down-regulate UBQLN1 in a variety of neuronal and non-neuronal cell lines. We demonstrate that down-regulation of UBQLN1 accelerates the maturation and intracellular trafficking of APP, while not interfering with alpha-, beta-, or gamma-secretase levels or activity. UBQLN1 knockdown increased the ratio of APP mature/immature, increased levels of full-length APP on the cell surface, and enhanced the secretion of sAPP (alpha- and beta-forms). Moreover, UBQLN1 knockdown increased levels of secreted Abeta40 and Abeta42. Finally, employing a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay, we show that UBQLN1 and APP come into close proximity in intact cells, independently of the presence of the presenilins. Collectively, our findings suggest that UBQLN1 may normally serve as a cytoplasmic "gatekeeper" that may control APP trafficking from intracellular compartments to the cell surface. These findings suggest that changes in UBQLN1 steady-state levels affect APP trafficking and processing, thereby influencing the generation of Abeta.
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiltunen
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Anne V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Minji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Phill B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Zhongcong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Maria Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Kounnas
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berezovska
authors.forename: Bradley T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tesco
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertram
authors.forename: Rudolph E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tanzi
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D019921:Biotinylation; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005091:Exons; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C107792:UBQLN1 protein, human