title: Measuring surgeons' treatment preferences and satisfaction with nerve reconstruction techniques for children with unique brachial plexus birth palsies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study surveyed microsurgeons on treatments chosen for infants with brachial plexus birth palsies who have had failure of antigravity biceps and/or triceps function due to nerve surgery or natural history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to surgeons participating in a prospective multicenter brachial plexus birth palsy study. With a response rate of 82 percent, the sample comprised 22 surgeons with extensive experience in treating brachial plexus birth palsy. The survey gathered collective information on two unique clinical groups: (1) infants with no antigravity biceps function but intact antigravity deltoid and radial nerve function and (2) infants with no antigravity radial nerve function (wrist and digital extension, triceps) but intact antigravity biceps and deltoid function. Analysis of data and age-based trends was performed using the Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With failure of biceps recovery, surgeons preferred microsurgery for children 6 to 18 months old and tendon transfers for children older than 18 months. Both procedures were preferred over observation alone (p < 0.001). With regard to microsurgery techniques, with increasing age, surgeons used nerve transfers more than resected neuroma and grafting. With tendon transfers, regional transfers were performed more than 90 percent of the time at all ages. For patients with no antigravity radial nerve function, most cases at all ages were managed by observation rather than microsurgery or tendon transfers (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' data indicate a general consensus in treatment choices for the two cases of microsurgical failure in infants with brachial plexus birth palsies as well as in satisfaction among experienced surgeons in using these treatments.
authors.affiliation: Boston, Mass. From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: Amee K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zurakowski
authors.forename: Rebecca H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Jessel
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Waters
mesh_terms: D001720:Birth Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000601:surgery*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008866:Microsurgery; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function