title: Impact of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on dose-volume histograms in patients with localized prostate cancer under radical radiation therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prostate volume involves a defined toxicity predictor in the radiation therapy of localized prostate cancer. Neoadjuvant hormone therapy (nHT) can reduce prostate volume and, therefore, the planned volume. The objective of this study was to establish if the value of nHT reduces the planned volume and if this reduction correlates with a reduction of the dose received in the target organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 patients diagnosed of localized prostate cancer and referred to our departments for radiation therapy with radical intention, in the period ranging between April 2002 and October 2003, were included prospectively. The patients received nHT (triptorelin + flutamide) for 2 months and adjuvant HT until completing 2 years in the high-risk cases. A transrectal ultrasound study was performed in all patients, simulation CT and planning before the start of HT and after 2 months of treatment. The radiation therapy was carried out with 6 or 18 MV LINAC photons, with a dose fractioning scheme of 5 x 180-200 cGy, a total dosage of 66-72 Gy to prostate, 56 Gy to seminal vesicles and, in the high-risk cases, 46 Gy to pelvic lymph nodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution according to risk group was: low risk 3.6%, intermediate risk 28.6% and high risk 67.9%. By transrectal ultrasound, prostate volume on diagnosis was 50.65 cc pre HT and 38.97 cc post HT (p < 0.001), which means a volume reduction of 24%. The comparative analysis of the dose-volume histograms of the first versus the second CT shows a reduction in the planned volume GTV1 (prostate) (81.33 cc vs 63.96 cc, p < 0.05), PTV1 (prostate and margin) (197.51 cc vs 168.38 cc, p < 0.001) and PTV2 (prostate, vesicles and margin) (340.5 cc vs 307.26 cc, p < 0.05), a reduction of the maximum dose in the seminal vesicles (70.2 versus 68.75 Gy, p < 0.05), a reduction of the mean dose in the seminal vesicles (65.07 Gy versus 63.07 Gy, p < 0.05), PTV2 (67.72 Gy versus 66.9 Gy, p < 0.01) and PTV3 (prostate, vesicles, pelvic lymph nodes and margin) (58.86 Gy versus 57.21 Gy, p < 0.01), a reduction of the D90 in the seminal vesicles (61.83 Gy versus 60.06 Gy, p < 0.05) and PTV2 (61.04 Gy versus 59.45 Gy, p < 0.05) and a reduction of V60 of the rectum (32.45% versus 28.22%, p < 0.05) and V60 of the bladder (41.78% versus 31.67%, p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neoadjuvant hormone therapy reduces significantly prostate volume and as a result the planned volume and consequently the rectal and bladder V60 can be significantly reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Central de la Defensa, Madrid, Spain. psamperots@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pilar M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Samper
authors.forename: M Concepción
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: López Carrizosa
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez Casas
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vallejo
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rubio Rodríguez
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez Vara
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melchor Iñiguez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017329:Triptorelin Pamoate; D005485:Flutamide