title: Phase II trial of nolatrexed dihydrochloride [Thymitaq, AG 337] in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of nolatrexed in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight patients were entered onto this study. Nolatrexed was administered every 3 weeks as a 24-h continuous intravenous infusion of 725 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days. Doses were adjusted to maintain a dose level that produced > or = grade 2 toxicity. Response was assessed after every two cycles. Plasma pharmacokinetic samples were assayed using a validated high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine (81%) patients were evaluable for response. The mean number of cycles received was 2.8 (range 1-12). The mean dose intensity was 700 mg/m(2)/day (SD of 71). One patient had a partial response (2.6%) for 7 months. Eighteen (46%) patients had SD, 20 (51%) patients had progressive disease. The median duration of SD was 93 days. The median overall survival was 32 weeks [95% CI (22-37)]. The most frequent Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were stomatitis (25%), dehydration (23%) and asthenia (21%). There was no evidence of cumulative toxicity. The overall median plasma concentration (C (max)) was 14.20 microg/mL (range 1.41 to 119 microg /mL) with no accumulation observed between cycles 1-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This phase II study of nolatrexed in advanced HCC patients, demonstrated minimal activity and significant stomatitis. Hence, it does not warrant further study as a single agent for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Montefiore Medical Center, NY, USA. mjhawer@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Minaxi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jhawer
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dancey
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hochster
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamburg
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tempero
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clendeninn
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011799:Quinazolines; C099178:nolatrexed