title: Microsatellite DNA alterations of gastrointestinal stromal tumors are predictive for outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 22 and its presumptive biological function has been described. The prognostic value of these and other DNA regions for patient survival remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients who underwent surgery at our institution between 1992 and 2003 for GIST were histopathologically reclassified by immunohistochemistry and the GIST consensus group criteria 2001. Twenty-one microsatellite loci on chromosomes 3, 9, 13, 17, 18, and 22 were screened for alterations in tumor and healthy DNA. Survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier plots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (18.3%) of 60 patients showed metastases at presentation. Thirteen (21.7%) of 60 were high-risk GISTs. LOH was found in all tumors. Twenty-eight (46.7%) of 60 showed more than two LOH in 21 microsatellite marker sites. The frequency of single marker LOH varied from 1.7% to 28.3% among tumors. Frequent LOH was found on chromosomes 22 and 17. The correlation of LOH positivity and the consensus scoring was significant (P=0.005, chi2 test). After a median observation time of 33.3 months (95% confidence interval, 23.9-42.6), overall survival was best for patients with tumors of very low, low, and intermediate risks with only 6 of 36 death events, whereas 14 of 24 high-risk and metastasized patients had died (P<0.001, log-rank test). Likewise, LOH significantly predicted survival (P=0.013) and the effect was particularly detrimental for LOH on chromosome 17 (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LOH is a useful phenomenon for the prognosis of GIST. Rather than chromosome 22 markers, chromosome 17 markers independently predict survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, and Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. schurr@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Paulus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: Jussuf
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaifi
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reichelt
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kleinhans
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wachowiak
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yekebas
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strate
authors.forename: Viacheslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalinin
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.forename: Hansjoerg
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Izbicki
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics*; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm