title: Initial results on visualization of coronary artery stents at multiple heart rates on a moving heart phantom using 64-MDCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the image quality of coronary artery stents at various heart rates using Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine different coronary stents were attached to a moving heart phantom and scanned using a 64-MDCT with a rotation time of 330 milliseconds (ms). The heart rate of the phantom was varied between 0 and 115 beats per minute (bpm). Two independent methods were used to investigate image quality. After reconstruction the average Houndsfield Unit (HU) value in the stent lumen was measured in the longitudinal and the cross-sectional plane. The stent images were then presented to two radiologists. The radiologists were asked to rank the images from good to bad based on lumen visibility and overall image quality. A second ranking was obtained using the CT density values. Finally two rankings were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the value for air, the HU-values measured in the lumen increased by 50 to 700 HU. Average slope value in the longitudinal plane was 1.7 +/- 0.6 HU/bpm, and the average slope value in the cross-sectional plane was 1.7 +/- 0.8 HU/bpm. This shows increased attenuation with increasing heart rate and thus a negative correlation between image quality and heart rate in both planes for all stents. The ranking acquired from the radiologists resembled the measured results as they also showed a negative correlation between the two variables. Using the results of the CT density measurements an analysis was done on multi-segment reconstruction (MSR).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A negative correlation between the heart rate and image quality of coronary stents was found by two independent methods. MSR showed no benefit for image quality in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. j.groen@rad.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Jaap M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Groen
authors.forename: Marcel J W
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Greuter
authors.forename: Peter M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: van Ooijen
authors.forename: Tineke P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: Matthijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oudkerk
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*