title: Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone responses to naloxone in subjects with high and low neuroticism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroticism is a highly heritable personality trait that is a risk factor for certain affective and anxiety disorders. Studies link neuroticism with alterations in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) stress response. We interrogated HPA axis dynamics as a function of neuroticism, employing the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were assigned to either high or low neuroticism groups on the basis of Revised Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) scores and received naloxone hydrochloride (0, 125 microg/kg, and 375 microg/kg). Serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant, dose-dependent differences in cortisol response were observed between neuroticism groups, whereas no differences were observed in ACTH. The low neuroticism group demonstrated a dose-dependent cortisol response with a plateau at the 125 microg/kg dose of naloxone. In contrast, the high neuroticism group demonstrated a graded cortisol response to all doses of naloxone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that neuroticism is associated with altered cortisol responses to opioid receptor blockade, suggesting that alterations in HPA axis function already exist in persons at increased risk for certain depressive and anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA. dmangold@utsa.edu
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mangold
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wand
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009497:Neurotic Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology; D010556:Personality Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone