title: Patient compliance in brain injury rehabilitation in relation to awareness and cognitive and physical improvement.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between patients' compliance and awareness and outcome of brain injury rehabilitation. Subjects were 98 patients who underwent a holistic neuropsychological outpatient rehabilitation programme. Patients had suffered a traumatic brain injury (n = 26), a cerebrovascular accident (n = 58), or another neurological insult (n = 14).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two staff members, a neuropsychologist and a physiotherapist, retrospectively and separately rated patients' awareness and their compliance. Outcome was measured with the d2 test of concentration, measures of oxygen uptake, strength endurance, running speed, and patients' and relatives' ratings of patients' cognitive, physical, and overall problems on the European Brain Injury Questionnaire (EBIQ). The discrepancy between patients' and relatives' ratings on the EBIQ was incorporated as a second measure of patients' awareness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neuropsychologist's compliance ratings were significantly related to measures of insight, improvement of d2 performance accuracy and stability, improvement of oxygen uptake, and reduction of cognitive and overall problems as reported by the patients, while the physiotherapist's compliance ratings were related to measures of insight, improvement of d2 performance speed, improvement of oxygen uptake and strength endurance, and all three EBIQ patient scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest a differential relationship between situation-specific compliance and outcome.
authors.affiliation: Center for Rehabilitation of Brain Injury, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. michael@cfh.ku.dk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schönberger
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Humle
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeeman
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Teasdale
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012647:Self-Assessment