title: Stabilizing daily clock proteins.
abstract: Biological timekeeping is determined by internal temporal programmes and the resetting of these programmes or clocks by external stimuli. Many of the core genes of the mammalian daily or circadian clock are known, but the factors regulating so-called 'clock' gene proteins are unclear. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Gallego and colleagues show for the first time that protein phosphatase 1 plays a major role in the stability of mammalian PER2, a key protein in the core clock works. This contrasts somewhat with circadian rhythm control in the fruitfly Drosophila and the fungus Neurospora where current evidence supports a role for protein phosphatase 2A in core timekeeping. The mechanisms underpinning these actions of phosphatase 1 are unclear, and future investigations will need to identify the regulatory subunit that targets phosphatase 1 to mammalian PER2 (Period 2).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 3.614 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. hugh.piggins@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Hugh D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Piggins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004330:Drosophila; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2