title: Serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activities in canine malignant mammary neoplasms with and without osseous transformation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased serum activity of total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) has been found in dogs with mammary neoplasms, especially malignant mixed tumors. We hypothesized that the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BALP), a specific indicator of osteoblastic activity and bone formation, may contribute to increased TALP in dogs with mammary neoplasms with osseous transformation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare serum TALP, BALP, and other ALP isoenzyme activities in dogs with mammary malignant neoplasms with and without osseous transformation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one female dogs with malignant mammary neoplasms were compared with 21 clinically healthy, age-matched female control dogs. Physical, clinicopathologic (including preprandial and postprandial serum bile acids, ACTH stimulation, and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests), radiographic, and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on all dogs with tumors to assess coexisting conditions. On the basis of histologic examination of excised tumors, dogs were further classified as having epithelial (n = 11) or mesenchymal/mixed (epithelial-mesenchymal) (n = 10) neoplasms, the latter of which had histologic and radiologic evidence of bone formation. Serum TALP, BALP, liver alkaline phosphatase (LALP), and corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase (CALP) activities were measured using biochemical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dogs with malignant mammary tumors had significantly higher (P < .05) median serum TALP (170 U/L), BALP (59 U/L), LALP (49 U/L), and CALP (24 U/L) activities, compared with control dogs (81, 32, 37, and 5 U/L, respectively). Significantly higher activities of BALP and LALP were found in dogs with epithelial neoplasms; whereas, only CALP activity was higher in dogs with mesenchymal/mixed neoplasms. There was no significant difference in TALP or isoenzyme activitities between epithelial and mesenchymal/mixed groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BALP activity is increased in some dogs with malignant mammary tumors but does not account for the increase in TALP in dogs with neoplasms that have osseous transformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Clinic of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. marikara@vet.auth.gr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karayannopoulou
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Polizopoulou
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Koutinas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fytianou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roubies
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaldrymidou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsioli
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Patsikas
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Constantinidis
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Koutinas
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000556:secondary / Q000662:veterinary*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015592:Immunoradiometric Assay; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase