title: Mechanism of ASC-mediated apoptosis: bid-dependent apoptosis in type II cells.
abstract: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) is an adaptor molecule that mediates apoptotic and inflammatory signals, and implicated in tumor suppression. However, the mechanism of ASC-mediated apoptosis has not been well elucidated. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of ASC-mediated apoptosis in several cell lines using a caspase recruitment domain 12-Nod2 chimeric protein that transduces the signal from muramyl dipeptide into ASC-mediated apoptosis. Experiments using dominant-negative mutants, small-interfering RNAs and peptide inhibitors for caspases indicated that caspase-8 was generally required for ASC-mediated apoptosis, whereas a requirement for caspase-9 depended on the cell type. In addition, caspase-like apoptosis-regulatory protein (CLARP)/Fas-like inhibitor protein, a natural caspase-8 inhibitor, suppressed ASC-mediated apoptosis, and Clarp-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts were highly sensitive to ASC-mediated apoptosis. Bax-deficient HCT116 cells were resistant to ASC-mediated apoptosis as reported previously, although we failed to observe colocalization of ASC and Bax in cells. Like Fas-ligand-induced apoptosis, the ASC-mediated apoptosis was inhibited by Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-XL in type-II but not type-I cell lines. Bid was cleaved upon ASC activation, and suppression of endogenous Bid expression using small-interfering RNAs in type-II cells reduced the ASC-mediated apoptosis. These results indicate that ASC, like death receptors, mediates two types of apoptosis depending on the cell type, in a manner involving caspase-8.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Development of Molecular Target Drugs, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inohara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D053468:CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C402202:PYCARD protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering