title: Comparison of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and heartburn diagnoses in UK primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is unclear how gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is diagnosed in primary care. The aim of this study is to compare patients given a diagnosis of GORD with those diagnosed with heartburn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the UK General Practice Research Database were extracted for patients newly diagnosed with heartburn (n = 1841) or GORD (n = 5318) in 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient characteristics, morbidity, healthcare use and prescribed treatments were compared using unconditional logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GORD was diagnosed more frequently than heartburn (3.2 vs. 1.1 per 1000 patient-years). A diagnosis of GORD was less likely among females (odds ratio (OR): 0.8; confidence interval (CI): 0.7-0.9), smokers (OR: 0.8; CI: 0.7-0.9) and patients who consulted their physician frequently (OR: 0.8; CI: 0.7-0.9). There was a wide distribution in the ratio of GORD-to-heartburn diagnoses between primary care practices (mean 2.9; range 0-infinity). GORD patients were more likely to receive proton pump inhibitors (OR: 2.9; CI: 2.6-3.4), but 24% of GORD patients and 40% of heartburn patients received no acid-suppressive treatment in the month after diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several factors influenced the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms by primary care physicians. Further research is needed to aid the diagnosis of GORD in primary care.
authors.affiliation: Centro Español de Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica (CEIFE), Madrid, Spain. aruigomez@ceife.es
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruigómez
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: García Rodríguez
authors.forename: Mari-Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wallander
authors.forename: Saga
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dent
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006356:Heartburn / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D006113:United Kingdom