title: Breast cancer-specific mortality after invasive local recurrence in patients with ductal carcinoma-in-situ of the breast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies on the efficacy of primary treatments for ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) have focused on local recurrence rates. Our objective was to detail the outcomes of local invasive recurrence, distant recurrence, and breast cancer mortality in patients previously treated for DCIS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, pathologic, and outcome data were collected prospectively for 1236 patients with pure DCIS accrued from 1972 through 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 150 recurrences (87 DCIS and 63 invasive). Invasive local recurrence after mastectomy was rare (0.5% of patients) and after breast preservation was more frequent (12.0% of patients). The 12-year probabilities of breast cancer-specific mortality after mastectomy and after breast preservation were 0.8% and 1.0%, respectively. The 12-year breast cancer-specific mortality and distant disease probability for the 63 patients with invasive recurrences were 12% and 15%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of initial treatment, most patients with invasive local recurrence after treatment for DCIS can be treated and cured.
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0800, USA. lalee1061@gmail.com
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Melvin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silverstein
authors.forename: Cathie T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Premal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanghavi
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Dennis R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silberman
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lagios
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome