title: The new 4DDome prosthesis: an original light and partially absorbable composite mesh for hernia repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of non-absorbable meshes for the repair of inguinal hernias has become standard; however, these meshes have been associated with complications including long-term postoperative pain. To this end, a new partially absorbable composite mesh has been developed, and the aim of this study was to investigate its efficacy in animal and human trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty male Wistar rats were used to evaluate the behavior of the newly designed composite mesh. Composite meshes were implanted in the extra-peritoneal plane for 2, 4 and 8 weeks and compared to a standard polypropylene mesh. Forty patients with symptomatic inguinal hernias were treated using a new 4DDome designed prosthesis. Follow-up was by clinical and ultrasound examination at 1, 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animal study demonstrated that the inflammatory reaction associated with the new composite mesh was significantly lower than a standard polypropylene mesh, characterized by a lower macrophage infiltrate (P < 0.001). The mesh did not shrink over the 8-week period, unlike the polypropylene mesh (P < 0.05). The human study showed that there were three minor postoperative complications, no recurrences and the mesh was well tolerated. Follow-up with serial ultrasound showed that at 10 days and 1 month the dome was clearly visible in position; however, by 6 months it had flattened out, been partially absorbed and become incorporated into the repair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experimental and clinical studies have validated the concept of the new 4DDome composite mesh. It was well tolerated and was associated with good short-term results. The combination of the dome shape and the new composite mesh means that less polypropylene is required and represents a significant advance in anterior hernia repair.
authors.affiliation: IRCAD/EITS, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mutter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forgione
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vix
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marescaux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005355:Fibrosis; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000473:pathology; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D013526:Surgical Mesh