title: [Historic landmarks in the study of lung cancer].
abstract: This study reviews the milestones which have been reached in the study of lung cancer, from its first early descriptions up until the end of the twentieth century. The study accompanies the birth of this new clinical entity, underlining the difficulties inherent in its diagnosis, its ever-growing increase and traces the growth of its aetiological factors, placing particular emphasis on smoking. In tandem with this, the study delves into the clinical aspects, along with new discoveries in imaging techniques and endoscopic and bioscopic techniques. It also looks at the histopathological classifications of bronchopulmonary tumours and the various staging systems which have been used over the course of time as well as the importance of mapping the disease and the different treatment weapons which have successively become available in the fight against it. The study also takes a look at the scales used in evaluating patients' physiological condition, the criteria used in evaluating response to oncostatic treatment and the role some international and national scientific societies and medical associations have played in adding to the increasing medical knowledge of lung cancer. The study clearly shows to whom we are indebted for each advance. This is a fascinating sweep of history - as is the story of all medical progress - and one we feel is important to understand, in order for us to see more clearly where we are now.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de Santa Maria. Assistente Convidado da Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sotto-Mayor
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015272:Pulmonary Medicine / Q000266:history*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor