title: Ventriculo-lumbar perfusion in acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective treatment for severe ischemic stroke continues to be largely an unmet medical need. Using a nonvascular (paravascular cerebrospinal fluid) pathway to provide oxygen and nutrients to ischemic tissues may be a means of treating this disease. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and technical feasibility of ventriculo-lumbar perfusion with the oxygenated fluorocarbon nutrient emulsion (OFNE) perfusion system in the treatment of patients with severe hemispheric cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients were enrolled in this pilot study. At admission, patients' National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ranged from 16 to 24. The perfusion pathway was successfully established in all four patients. Maximum perfusion rates varied from 25 to 40 mL/minute; total volume perfused over the 24-hour period ranged from 30.6 to 45.8 L. ICP ranged from -3 to 16 mmHg during the perfusion. The 24-hour perfusion was successfully completed in all four patients with no serious adverse events during the perfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is technically feasible and safe to establish a ventriculo-lumbar perfusion pathway using a specially designed lumbar drainage catheter and to control intracranial pressure while perfusing large volumes of OFNE.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University Medical College, Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. rodney.bell@jefferson.edu
authors.forename: Rodney D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: J Javier
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Provencio
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benetiz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenwasser
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strause
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frazer
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hesson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barnitz
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Osterholm
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006355:Heart-Lung Machine; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010100:Oxygen