title: Operative management of ankle instability: reconstruction with open and percutaneous methods.
abstract: Chronic ankle instability affects a large number of young patients. A thorough history and clinical examination are key to proper patient selection. Once the patient decides to undergo operative intervention, the appropriate procedure should be selected according to their physical and lifestyle demands. The surgeon should gain familiarity with the full range of procedures, from open to percutaneous, and anatomic to nonanatomic. With proper patient selection, functional outcomes are excellent, with success rates from 80% to 90%.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction, Mercy Medical Center, 301 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smerek
authors.forename: Anish R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kadakia
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Myerson
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods