title: Heme oxygenase-1 protects gastric mucosal cells against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
abstract: Gastric mucosal cell death by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is suggested to be involved in NSAID-induced gastric lesions. Therefore, cellular factors that suppress this cell death are important for protection of the gastric mucosa from NSAIDs. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is up-regulated by various stressors and protects cells against stressors. Here, we have examined up-regulation of HO-1 by NSAIDs and the contribution of HO-1 to the protection of gastric mucosal cells against NSAIDs both in vitro and in vivo. In cultured gastric mucosal cells, all NSAIDs tested up-regulated HO-1. In rats, orally administered indomethacin up-regulated HO-1, induced apoptosis, and produced lesions at gastric mucosa. An inhibitor of HO-stimulated NSAID-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo and also stimulated NSAID-produced gastric lesions, suggesting that NSAID-induced up-regulation of HO-1 protects the gastric mucosa from NSAID-induced gastric lesions by inhibiting NSAID-induced apoptosis. Indomethacin activated the HO-1 promoter and caused nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for the HO-1 gene. Examination of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and experiments with its inhibitor strongly suggest that the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and resulting up-regulation of HO-1 by NSAIDs is mediated through NSAID-dependent activation (phosphorylation) of p38 MAPK. This is the first report showing the protective role of HO-1 against irritant-induced gastric lesions.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aburaya
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Keitarou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makise
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizushima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015854:Up-Regulation; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C055421:tin mesoporphyrin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D007213:Indomethacin