title: Chromosome Conformation Capture Carbon Copy (5C): a massively parallel solution for mapping interactions between genomic elements.
abstract: Physical interactions between genetic elements located throughout the genome play important roles in gene regulation and can be identified with the Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) methodology. 3C converts physical chromatin interactions into specific ligation products, which are quantified individually by PCR. Here we present a high-throughput 3C approach, 3C-Carbon Copy (5C), that employs microarrays or quantitative DNA sequencing using 454-technology as detection methods. We applied 5C to analyze a 400-kb region containing the human beta-globin locus and a 100-kb conserved gene desert region. We validated 5C by detection of several previously identified looping interactions in the beta-globin locus. We also identified a new looping interaction in K562 cells between the beta-globin Locus Control Region and the gamma-beta-globin intergenic region. Interestingly, this region has been implicated in the control of developmental globin gene switching. 5C should be widely applicable for large-scale mapping of cis- and trans- interaction networks of genomic elements and for the study of higher-order chromosome structure.
authors.affiliation: Program in Gene Function and Expression and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605-0103, USA.
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dostie
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Richmond
authors.forename: Ramy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Arnaout
authors.forename: Rebecca R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Selzer
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tracey A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Honan
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krumm
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nusbaum
authors.forename: Roland D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Job
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D017931:DNA Primers; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D017931:DNA Primers; D005914:Globins