title: Sequential gemcitabine and cisplatin followed by docetaxel as first-line treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma: a multicenter phase II study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity and efficacy of the sequential administration of gemcitabine (GMB) in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) followed by docetaxel (Taxotere) as first-line treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients [aged </=70 years and performance status (PS) (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) 0-2] with previously untreated locally advanced/recurrent or metastatic urothelial carcinoma were eligible. Study treatment consisted of GMB (1000 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8) and CDDP (70 mg/m(2), day 1) (GP regimen), every 21 days for a total of four cycles followed by docetaxel (D; 100 mg/m(2), day 1) every 21 days for four cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients with a median age of 67 years were enrolled; 67% of them had PS 0 and 87% stage IV disease. Patients received a median of four GP and four D cycles per patient. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 27% and 63% patients with GP and D, respectively. Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 11% of patients, only with the GP regimen. Other toxic effects were mild. There was no toxic death. The objective response rate was 55.2% [95% CI: 39.45%-71.07%]. Five patients had complete response (13.15%) and 16 patients had partial response (42.1%), while nine patients had disease stabilization (23.7%) (intention-to-treat analysis). After a median follow-up period of 13 months (range 1.5-40.5 months), the median time to progression was 6.8 months (range 1-40.5 months), the median overall survival 13 months (range 1.5-40.5 months), and the 1-year survival rate 55.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sequential administration of GP followed by D is active and well tolerated as first-line treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma and merits to be further evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medical Oncology, "Theagenion" Cancer Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. ibouk@otenet.gr
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boukovinas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Androulakis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vamvakas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papakotoulas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ziras
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polyzos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalykaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kotsakis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xenidis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gioulmbasanis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mavroudis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Georgoulias
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010349:Patient Compliance; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine