title: [Influence of carbachol on intestinal dysfunction after traumatic or burn injury].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of enteral administration of carbachol on the intestinal dysfunction of both severely burn patients and rabbits with partial intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five white rabbits were inflicted with I/R injury and randomized into intestinal I/R (I, n=25), carbachol [C, n=25, with 3g/L carbachol (3 mg/kg) injection into duodenum 1 h after SMA occlusion] and sham operation (SO, n=25, with SMA isolation but no occlusion) groups, and 5 other as normal controls. The blood flow of intestinal mucosa was detected before and after SMA occlusion or admission of carbachol. Changes in diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, xylopyranose absorption, blue dextran discharging time were measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48, 72 h after SMA occlusion. In addition, eight severe burn patients with TBSA of 84 +/- 12% were enrolled in the study, and carbachol (15 microg/kg) was administered to patients when abdominal distension or bowel sound was lower than 2 times/min, then the number of abdominal distension and bowel sounds per minute were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood flow in intestinal mucosa of rabbits without SMA occlusion was (102 +/- 5) PU, reduced to (48 +/- 6) PU after SMA occlusion, and increased to (77 +/- 3) PU after injection of carbachol. The plasma DAO activity and D-lactic acid content in I group began to increase 4 hours after SMA occlusion, and they reached the peak 24 hours after SMA occlusion (4.63 +/- 0.27 U/ml, 7.9 +/- 2.4 mg/L) , after that they decreased gradually, but still higher than the normal value (0.89 +/- 0.14 U/ml, 2.0 +/- 1.1 mg/L, P < 0.05). In carbachol group, data showed the same trends as that in intestine I/R group with lower values, while no obvious changes were in sham operation group (P > 0.05). The content of D-lactic decreased dramatically 2 hours after D-lactic administration in both I and C groups, increased 6 hours after SMA occlusion, then decreased gradually, but it in C group was always higher than normal values, and little fluctuation was in sham operation group. There was no blue dextran discharge 2 hours after SMA occlusion. The discharging distance increased 6 hours later, but it was obviously shorter than the normal value 24 hrs after operation (P < 0.05) , then it returned to normal 48 to 72 hrs after operation. In the C group, blue dextran discharge was found immediately after its injection, with obvious increase in the discharging distance to peak value (43 +/- 6 cm) 6 hours after injury, and returning to normal (28 +/- 3 cm) gradually. In severe burned patients, the bowel sounds was (1.6 +/- 1.1) per minutes before carbachol administration, then increased dramatically to (6.9 +/- 1.7) per minutes 10 mins after administration, reached to a higher level 30 minutes after administration (8.3 +/- 2.4 ) times/min, and it maintained to (6.1 +/- 1.3) times/min 1 hour after administration. Abdominal distension was ameliorated 2 hours after carbachol administration, six patients were able to defecate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral administration of Carbachol can increase the blood flow of intestine mucosa, help to improve the movement, absorption and barrier functions of intestine, and ameliorate intestinal dysfunction in patients with severe burns.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei-hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jia-ke
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hong-ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tian-jun
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao-fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Zhi-yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002217:Carbachol