title: Pain associated with carotid artery surgery performed under carotid plexus block: preemptive analgesic effect of ketorolac.
abstract: Carotid artery surgery (CAS) performed under cervical plexus block is frequently associated with significant intra- and postoperative pain. To evaluate whether preoperative administration of ketorolac may improve analgesia in this type of surgery, 80 patients scheduled for CAS under cervical plexus block were randomly allocated to receive intravenously either 30 mg of ketorolac or placebo 30 minutes before surgery. Verbal rating scale pain scores during surgery and 3 and 6 hours after surgery, the number of patients requiring additional analgesia, and the total analgesic consumption both during and within 6 hours after surgery were significantly lower, whereas the time to first postoperative analgesia was significantly shorter in the ketorolac group than in the control group. The results of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study show that a single 30 mg dose of ketorolac administered intravenously 30 minutes before surgery reduces intraoperative pain and preempts postoperative pain in patients undergoing CAS under carotid plexus block.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmic Anesthesia, Institute for Anesthesia and Reanimation, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
authors.forename: Radomir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sindjelic
authors.forename: Lazar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davidovic
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlajkovic
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markovic
authors.forename: Ilija
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuzmanović
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020910:Ketorolac; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020910:Ketorolac