title: [Radiation exposure with 3D rotational angiography of the skull].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determination and comparison of radiation exposure for examinations of the skull with unsubtracted 3D Rotational Angiography (3D RA) and 2D Digital Subtraction Angiography (2D DSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were carried out with a skull of an Alderson phantom for 3D RA and for 2D DSA in p. a. and lateral projections using an Innova 4100 angiography system with a digital flat panel detector from GE Healthcare. 45 thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD 100H from Harshaw were placed inside the phantom to measure organ doses. In addition the dose area product was recorded and the effective dose was calculated using the Monte Carlo program PCXMC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a biplanar DSA run (lateral and p. a. projection), the organ doses were 4 to 5 times higher and the effective dose was 4 times higher than for a 3D RA even though the number of images for the two DSA runs was only half of that for 3D RA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The radiation exposure for unsubtracted 3D RA using a flat panel detector is significantly lower than for biplanar DSA. Using 3D RA in place of 2D DSA can reduce the radiation exposure of patients in neuroradiology procedures.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig AöR. gosd@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gosch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kurze
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deckert
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001921:Brain / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012399:Rotation; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry