title: Influence of electromagnetic fields and protective effect of CAPE on bone mineral density in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most mobile phones emit electromagnetic radiation at 900 MHz or 1800 MHz. An electromagnetic field has some biological effects on the behavior of the cell population of bone. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of the radiation emitted by mobile phones on bone mineral density (BMD). The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the radiation-induced changes were also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study, 48 Sprague Dawley rats were used. Rats were divided into five groups as follows: control, irradiated with 900 MHz, irradiated with 900 MHz and treatment, irradiated with 1800 MHz, irradiated with 1800 MHz and treatment groups. The rats in the control group (first group) were left within the experimental setup during 30 min/day for 28 days without radiation exposure. Nine hundred-MHz radiation group was exposed to irradiate both second and third groups for 28 days (30 min/day); 1800-MHz radiation group was exposed to irradiate both fourth and fifth groups for 28 days (30 min/day). Third and fifth groups were also treated by CAPE for 28 days. Treatment groups received 10 microml/kg/day CAPE i.p. before the irradiation. Bone mineral densities were determined in all groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BMD was found to be decreased in the irradiated groups and to be increased in the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes were not significant (p >0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey. yildiz@med.sdu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.forename: Sevim Sureyya
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cerci
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cerci
authors.forename: Baha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oral
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol