title: Moderate coffee and alcohol consumption improves the estrogen metabolite profile in adjuvant treated breast cancer patients: a pilot study comparing pre- and post-operative levels.
abstract: Most, but not all, studies have found that women with a high urinary 2-hydroxyestrogen (2OHE) to 16alpha-hydroxyestrone (16alphaOHE1) ratio are at reduced risk for breast cancer and have a better prognosis. The aim was to identify factors associated with the pre-operative 2OHE to 16alphaOHE1 ratio and factors that predicted the change in the ratio between the pre-operative visit and first follow-up visit three to six months post-operatively among 59 women with primary ER positive breast cancer tumors. Body measurements, questionnaires and blood samples for measurements of the 2OHE and 16alphaOHE1 plasma levels and CYP1A2 *1F genotyping were collected at both visits. Post-operatively, 15 women received tamoxifen, 30 women tamoxifen and radiotherapy concomitantly, and 14 women radiotherapy. The pre-operative ratio was not correlated with tumor characteristics, but was significantly higher in women who consumed three or more cups of coffee daily (p = 0.009). The number of CYP1A2 *1F C-alleles was correlated with a lower ratio at both visits (p = 0.13 and p = 0.02, respectively). The ratio increased between the two visits in 69.5% of the women. The factors associated with a significant increase in the ratio were concomitant tamoxifen and radiotherapy (p = 0.006), increasing alcohol consumption (p = 0.006), and a high coffee consumption (p = 0.03), but not age or CYP1A2 *1F genotype. In this pilot study, breast cancer patients who started tamoxifen during radiotherapy and who had a moderate coffee and alcohol consumption demonstrated a significant improvement in their estrogen metabolite profile between the pre- and post-operative visits.
authors.affiliation: Immuna Care Corporation, Bell, PA 19422, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Klug
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bågeman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ingvar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jernström
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D003069:Coffee; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000235:genetics; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006894:Hydroxyestrones / Q000097:blood*; D006915:Hydroxytestosterones / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D003069:Coffee; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D004967:Estrogens; D006894:Hydroxyestrones; D006915:Hydroxytestosterones; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen; C045261:16-hydroxytestosterone; C504573:CYP1A2 protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; C024980:2-hydroxyestrone