title: Continuous infusion of pantoprazole versus ranitidine for prevention of ulcer rebleeding: a U.S. multicenter randomized, double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No North American randomized study has compared ulcer rebleeding rates after endoscopic hemostasis in high-risk patients treated with high-dose intravenous (IV) proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or IV histamine-2 receptor antagonists. Our hypothesis was that ulcer rebleeding with IV pantoprazole (PAN) would be lower than with IV ranitidine (RAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, U.S. study. Patients with bleeding peptic ulcers and major stigmata of hemorrhage had endoscopic hemostasis with thermal probes with or without epinephrine injection, then were randomly assigned to IV PAN 80 mg plus 8 mg/h or IV RAN 50 mg plus 6.25 mg/h for 72 h, and subsequently had an oral PPI (1/day). Patients with signs of rebleeding had repeat endoscopy. Rebleeding rates up to 30 days were compared in an intention-to-treat analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was stopped early because of slow enrollment (total N = 149, PAN 72, RAN 77). Demographics, APACHE II scores, ulcer type/location, stigmata, and hemostasis used were similar. The 7- and 30-day rebleeding rate was 6.9% (5 of 72 patients) with PAN and 14.3% (11 of 77) for RAN (p= 0.19). Rebleeds occurred within 72 h in 56% and between 4 and 7 days in 44% of patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 4%. Nonbleeding severe adverse events were more common in the RAN than in the PAN group (14 [18.1%]vs 7 [9.7%], p= 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the small sample size of this study, there was an arithmetic but not significant difference in ulcer rebleeding rates.
authors.affiliation: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and CURE Digestive Diseases Research Center, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soffer
authors.forename: Gail M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Comer
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D011899:Ranitidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013454:Sulfoxides; D011899:Ranitidine; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole