title: Disfluent speech in patients with partial epilepsy: beneficial effect of levetiracetam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of levetiracetam (LEV) in patients with partial epilepsy and disfluent speech.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five consecutive patients with partial epilepsy and disfluent speech resulting from developmental or neurogenic stuttering were enrolled in a 9-week, open-label, prospective study. LEV was given in combination with carbamazepine (CBZ) or phenytoin (PHT) at dosages ranging from 500 to 1500mg twice daily. The severity of stuttering was assessed with the verbal fluency test (VFT), and with the patient global impression of improvement (PGI), at baseline and after 9weeks. Electroencephalography and serum monitoring of CBZ and PHT levels were done before and after the study. Seizure frequency was monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After LEV therapy, verbal fluency for all patients, as measured by the VFT, improved from 25% at baseline to 64%, as did the speed of oral reading, from 5 to 23%. On the PGI, all patients rated themselves as better and as having less disfluent speech after LEV therapy. For four patients with incomplete control of their seizures, the seizure count decreased by more than 50% after LEV therapy. The beneficial effect of LEV on verbal disfluency demonstrated on the PGI persisted for the entire period of observation, which ranged from 7 to 11 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As an add-on therapy, LEV seems to improve verbal fluency in patients with partial epilepsy and disfluent speech. This effect seems unrelated to the antiepileptic activity of the drug. A placebo-controlled trial of LEV in patients with this kind of verbal disfluency is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Neurological Clinic, Viale San Pietro 10, 07100 Sassari, Italy. gpsechi@uniss.it <gpsechi@uniss.it>
authors.forename: Gianpietro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sechi
authors.forename: Giovanni A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cocco
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Onofrio
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Deriu
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010889:Piracetam / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077287:Levetiracetam; D010889:Piracetam