title: [Raynaud phenomenon in dermatology : Part 2: therapy].
abstract: While primary Raynaud phenomenon (RP) only rarely leads to complications, secondary RP when associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) frequently results in necrosis, ulcers or even gangrene. Therefore timely therapeutic intervention is required. Management of RP includes physical therapy, avoidance of triggers, and a variety of medications, depending on the disease severity. On the basis of published studies and of our own experience we suggest: a) for primary and uncomplicated secondary RP, calcium channel blockers in adequate doses; b) for SSc-associated secondary RP with hypertension, cardial or renal involvement, drugs which interfere with angiotensin; c) in case of concomitant depression, exploitation of the vasodilatory effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, d) in presence of ulcers or marked trophic alterations, intravenous administration of iloprost, e) for recalcitrant cases and endangered digits, sildenafil, f) for prevention of severe relapses, the endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan. The drugs mentioned in c-f are not approved for RP and used off-label. In patients with secondary SSc-associated RP, timely therapy can reduce the percentage of complications such as ulcers or amputations. In addition, timely treatment of RP possibly retards ensuing fibrotic processes.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinik Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48129, Münster, Deutschland. cord.sunderkoetter@ukmuenster.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sunderkötter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riemekasten
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*