title: Water-soluble oligomer formation from acid-catalyzed reactions of levoglucosan in proxies of atmospheric aqueous aerosols.
abstract: Herein is reported the first laboratory observation of the oligomerization of levoglucosan studied under atmospherically relevant conditions. Oligomers up to 1458 Da (9-mer) were measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A rational mechanism is proposed based on both the acid-catalyzed cationic ring-opening of levoglucosan and nucleophilic attack of ROH from levoglucosan on the hemi-acetal carbon to produce pyranose oligomers through the formation of glycosidic bonds. Oligomer formation is further supported by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Levoglucosan is a viable tracer for biomass burning aerosols, and the observed products may serve as secondary tracers for these types of aerosols, possibly providing additional information to facilitate source apportionment and better understand atmospheric processing of the aerosol parcel. Also, the processes supported here may contribute to the saccharide character of humic-like substances, which are proposed to be formed through the atmospheric processing of biomass burning aerosols.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405-0125, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Giuseppe A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Petrucci
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry; D000393:Air Pollutants; D001272:Atmosphere; D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012995:Solubility; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D006027:Glycosides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014867:Water; C014989:1,6-anhydro-beta-glucopyranose; D002244:Carbon; D005947:Glucose