title: Effects of ractopamine and protein source on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers.
abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between feeding ractopamine and different amounts of MP on growth and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers. Seventy-two crossbred heifers (475 kg of initial BW) were fed individually a diet based on steam-flaked corn for ad libitum intake for 29 d. Heifers were implanted with 140 mg of trenbolone acetate and 14 mg of estradiol-17beta 60 d before the experiment. Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial and included 0 or 200 mg of ractopamine-HCl (23 ppm)/ d, and urea, solvent soybean meal, or expeller soybean meal (ESBM) as the predominant protein supplement. The amounts of MP supplied by the urea, solvent soybean meal, and ESBM diets were 688, 761, and 808 g/ d, respectively, calculated according to level 1 of the NRC model. Body weights were obtained 1 d before ractopamine feeding and at slaughter. Blood samples were obtained 1 d before starting the experiment and 13 d later. Ractopamine improved ADG, efficiency of gain, carcass-adjusted ADG, and carcass-adjusted efficiency of gain (P < 0.01). For ADG, heifers demonstrated a ractopamine x protein source interaction (P < 0.05); heifers not fed ractopamine had greater ADG when fed ESBM than when fed urea, whereas for heifers fed ractopamine there were no differences (P > or = 0.10) among protein supplements. This interaction was not observed for carcass-adjusted ADG (P = 0.60). Final live weights (P = 0.02) and carcass weights (P = 0.01) were greater with ractopamine feeding. Carcass marbling scores and yield grades were not affected by ractopamine or protein source (P > or = 0.39). Plasma total alpha-amino N and glucose concentrations decreased more from pretreatment concentrations when heifers were fed ractopamine (P < 0.05). Feeding ractopamine to heifers for 28 d before slaughter improved ADG and efficiency of gain without any large effects on carcass characteristics. The MP supply does not need to be increased from that provided by finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn with urea as the primary N supplement to allow the maximal response to ractopamine by finishing heifers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA.
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Titgemeyer
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Drouillard
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Loe
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Depenbusch
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Webb
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D010627:Phenethylamines; D019344:Lactic Acid; C060897:ractopamine; D014508:Urea