title: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for the development of hypertension in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common diseases that are frequently found concomitantly in postmenopausal women. These findings suggest a close and/or synergistic nature in the relationship between the two disease processes; however, no prospective data exist on the incidence rate of hypertension in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study assessed the risk of developing hypertension in 840 postmenopausal women: 102 women (12.1% of the cohort) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 738 (87.9%) free of diabetes. The mean +/- SD follow-up was 3.2 +/- 0.9 years (range 0.5-6.0 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rate (cases of hypertension per 100 person-years) was 1.1 for the group of women without diabetes versus 5.6 in women with diabetes (P < 0.0001). Compared with the non-diabetic group, women with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a statistically significant higher risk of developing hypertension. The relative risks for women with diabetes was 5.09 [crude: 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.52-7.36; P < 0.0001]; 3.43 (adjusted for body mass index and waist circumference: 95% CI = 2.25-5.14; P < 0.001); and 2.95 (adjusted for all potential confounders: 95% CI = 1.86-4.32; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our prospective study, on the incidence of hypertension, the presence of type 2 diabetes was found to be a potent independent risk determinant. This suggests that postmenopausal women affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus comprise a population at high risk for the subsequent development of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: aInstitute of Cardiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. rossi.rosario@policlinico.mo.it
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turco
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Origliani
authors.forename: M Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Modena
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment