title: Symptom clusters and quality of life in survivors of lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the prevalence and intensity of depression, fatigue, and pain in survivors of lung cancer; to examine the relationship of symptoms in a cluster; and to examine the relationship of the symptom cluster to quality of life (QOL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary data analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Online lung cancer support group.
  
  
  METHODS
  51 patients diagnosed with lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed survey with self-report of depression, fatigue, and pain measured by subscales of the Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey and QOL measured by the Fox Simple QOL Scale. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the possible symptom cluster.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depression, fatigue, pain, and QOL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression, fatigue, and pain were found in a majority of survivors, with pain being the least common symptom. Fatigue was the most intense of the three symptoms. Two significantly correlated symptoms were depression and fatigue. The cluster explained 29% (p less than 0.01) of the variance in QOL in the lung cancer survivors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data provided preliminary support for the presence of a symptom cluster in patients with lung cancer consisting of depression and fatigue. The cluster had a negative relationship with QOL. Survivors of lung cancer have depression and fatigue that affect QOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthcare providers must assess the potential for symptoms to cluster, adversely affecting key patient outcomes such as QOL. Through increased knowledge of symptom clusters, clinicians will be able to more effectively target the most distressing set of symptoms for intervention.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charolottesville, USA. foxsherry@aol.com
authors.forename: Sherry W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Debra E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lyon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*