title: Sacrococcygeal teratoma--a 25-year experience in a UK regional center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is uncommon (1:35,000-1:40,000 newborns). We report a 25-year single-center experience with a focus on late effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical and tumor registries identified patients with SCT between 1977 and 2001. Perinatal data, associated anomalies, operative findings, histology, and survival were recorded. Continence was assessed clinically. Urodynamics and anorectal manometry were performed as indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three patients (28 females) were treated for SCT. Before 1988, 2 of 18 were diagnosed antenatally compared with 8 of 15 between 1988 and 2001. Ten babies were delivered by cesarean birth. Seven children presented after the neonatal period. Surgery comprised tumor excision with coccygectomy. Histology was benign in 26 (79%), malignant in 6 (18%), and immature in a single patient. Presentation beyond the newborn period was associated with malignant disease and poorer outcome. Overall survival was 94%. Neuropathic bladder or bowel disturbance was identified in 7 of 20 patients on long-term follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antenatal diagnosis of SCT appears to be increasing. Parental counseling should include the continence problems that may follow removal of even benign tumors. Resection by surgical oncologists and reconstruction by colorectal specialists may improve function. Follow-up by oncologists, surgeons, and urologists remains an important part of SCT management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital (Alder Hey), The University of Liverpool, L12 2AP Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Hany O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Gabra
authors.forename: Edwin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Jesudason
authors.forename: Heather P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Barry L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Pizer
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Losty
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012042:Registries; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D013724:Teratoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal