title: Lupus erythematosus: systemic and cutaneous manifestations.
abstract: Skin and joint involvements are the most commonly occurring manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. There are 3 forms of cutaneous lupus: chronic cutaneous (discoid) lupus, subacute cutaneous lupus, and acute cutaneous lupus. Joint manifestations are usually not associated with warmth of the joints and may be only associated with pain and swelling. Painful or swollen joints respond rapidly to small or moderate doses of corticosteroids, whereas cutaneous manifestations usually respond to antimalarial drugs. Anti-Ro is associated closely with a photosensitive rash and with subacute lupus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, 06030, USA. rothfield@nso.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothfield
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sontheimer
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy