title: Consumption of whole-grain cereals during weight loss: effects on dietary quality, dietary fiber, magnesium, vitamin B-6, and obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While various weight-management approaches produce weight loss, they may differ in dietary quality. We monitored changes in nutrient intakes in overweight and obese subjects on three different weight-management programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized clinical trial (pilot study) with two 12-week phases: phase 1, weekly counseling; phase 2, monitoring only.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty nonsmoking, sedentary overweight and obese adults began this outpatient study; 134 (body mass index [calculated as kg/m(2)]=30.9+/-2.4; age=42.3+/-1.2 years) were used in analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four weeks of exercise only (control group), hypocaloric diet plus exercise, or hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  At weeks 0, 12, and 24, diet quality was assessed by 3-day food records and body weight was measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise decreased energy intake more than exercise only (P=0.032). By week 12, the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise and the hypocaloric diet plus exercise decreased total fat more than exercise only, which was sustained in the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise at 24 weeks (P<0.001). At weeks 12 and 24, the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise reduced saturated fat intake more than exercise only. The hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise increased total fiber, insoluble fiber (both P<0.001), magnesium (P=0.004), and vitamin B-6 (P=0.002) intakes more than the hypocaloric diet plus exercise and exercise only. Calcium and vitamin E intakes were inadequate in all groups. Weight loss was similar in the hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereals plus exercise and the hypocaloric diet plus exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight-reduction strategies may be associated with reduced intake of micronutrients, such as calcium and vitamin E. However, a hypocaloric diet with fiber-rich whole-grain cereal is effective for improving or maintaining other aspects of dietary quality during weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Melanson
authors.forename: Theodore J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Angelopoulos
authors.forename: Von T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zukley
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lowndes
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.forename: Justin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fiutem
authors.forename: Byron W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Yount
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rippe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004032:Diet / Q000592:standards*; D015930:Diet Records; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002523:Edible Grain; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009753:Nutritive Value; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014804:Vitamin B Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D008274:Magnesium