title: Dual psychiatric diagnosis and substance abuse in pathological gamblers: a preliminary gender comparison study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathological Gambling (PG) is a highly prevalent and disabling impulse control disorder. Recent studies have consistently shown that PG patients have responded well to treatment with SSRI's, mood stabilizers, and opioid antagonists. These findings have supported the observation that PG is strongly associated with both mood and anxiety disorders as well as substance abuse. The aim of the study is to evaluate the comorbid psychiatric diagnoses in our sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six female, and forty-two male PG's were enrolled in our study. A comprehensive psychiatric diagnostic evaluation was performed on all patients, and patients were screened for symptoms of depression and anxiety using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, and the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. In addition, the patients completed self-report questionnaires about their demographic status and substance abuse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of patients were married with full or part-time employment. The study results demonstrated that PG in males is correlated with substance and alcohol abuse. Diagnoses, which were prevalent among our cohort of female PG's included major depression, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our sample of PGs, the men and women had different patterns of psychiatric comorbidity. The different patterns of psychiatric comorbidity seen in our male versus female PG's raises the question of whether the underlying etiopathology in PG may differ according to gender.
authors.affiliation: Rehovot Community Mental Health & Rehabilitation Center, Remez St 80, Rehovot, 76449, Israel. pinhasd@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Pinhas N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Dannon
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lowengrub
authors.forename: Bosmat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shalgi
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasson
authors.forename: Lali
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tuson
authors.forename: Yafa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saphir
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors