title: Graduate students' experiences with standardized patients as adjuncts for teaching pelvic examinations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore graduate nurse practitioner students' perceptions of their experiences when learning to perform pelvic examinations in the laboratory and performing them in subsequent clinical rotations. One group was taught by faculty with voluntary peer examination, and the other two groups were taught by standardized patients (SPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys with open- and closed-ended (responses on Likert scales) items administered twice during 3 consecutive years to students enrolled in an advanced health assessment course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All groups reported feeling anxious while learning pelvic exam techniques and in subsequent clinical experiences. SPs provided immediate feedback to students, decreased their feelings of anxiety, and increased their confidence in performing examinations. Students who were taught pelvic examination techniques by SPs rated their learning experiences more positively and reported a better understanding of exam techniques than students who learned to perform exams by voluntary examination of classmates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graduate nursing programs should consider locating and using SP programs for teaching pelvic examinations in advanced health assessment courses. Although more cost-effective, voluntary peer examination was a less effective teaching method.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Worcester, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA. rosemary.theroux@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Theroux
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005181:Faculty, Nursing; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010379:Peer Group; D010388:Pelvis; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011231:Preceptorship; D015397:Program Evaluation; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012752:Shame