title: Molecular interaction among probucol/PVP/SDS multicomponent system investigated by solid-state NMR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecular weight on the solid-state intermolecular interactions among probucol/PVP/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ternary ground mixtures (GM) and the formation of nanoparticles were investigated by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ternary GMs of probucol were prepared with PVP (K12, K17, K30 or K90) and SDS at a weight ratio of 1:3:1 and were ground for 15, 30 and 60 min. Solid-state interactions were evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and solid-state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) (13)C NMR spectroscopy. A high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe nanoparticles of probucol in the GM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The solid-state (13)C CP/MAS NMR results indicate that the low molecular weight PVP interacts with probucol and SDS more strongly than the high molecular weight PVP in the ternary GM. This finding was consistent with the result that smaller drug nanoparticles were obtained using low molecular weight of PVP. SEM images of probucol/PVP K12/SDS confirmed the presence of nanoparticles (15-25 nm) in the GM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grinding-induced solid-state interactions among drug, PVP and SDS could be detected using solid state (13)C NMR. The interactions in both probucol-PVP and PVP-SDS should occur simultaneously to generate nanometer-sized particles of probucol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Adchara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pongpeerapat
authors.forename: Kenjirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tozuka
authors.forename: Kunikazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moribe
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D011205:Povidone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011341:Probucol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D011205:Povidone; D011341:Probucol