title: First recorded pregnancy and normal birth after ICSI using electrophoretically isolated spermatozoa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DNA damage in the male germ line is associated with poor fertilization and cleavage rates, impaired embryo quality and early pregnancy loss. Given these associations, embryologists are keen to develop techniques that will allow the selection of viable spermatozoa exhibiting low levels of DNA damage for assisted conception purposes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, we describe a novel electrophoretic approach for the rapid isolation of cells possessing little DNA damage. The limits of the method were examined using cryostored and snap-frozen semen samples as well as testicular biopsy material. In addition, clinical utility was demonstrated in a case study involving treatment of a patient exhibiting persistently high levels of DNA damage in his spermatozoa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From a range of difficult starting materials (biopsies, cryostored semen and snap-frozen sperm suspensions), the electrophoretic system rapidly isolated populations of motile, viable, morphologically normal spermatozoa exhibiting high levels of DNA integrity. Clinical application in a couple suffering from long-term infertility associated with extensive DNA damage in the male germ line led to the first human pregnancy following such electrophoretic sperm isolation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The electrophoretic procedure holds promise as a convenient method for the rapid preparation of high-quality spermatozoa for assisted conception purposes.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Science Group, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.forename: R P S
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aitken
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D053625:Sperm Retrieval