title: Feasibility of laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgical staging for locally advanced cervical carcinoma in a gynecologic oncology fellowship training program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Feasibility of laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgical staging for locally advanced cervical carcinoma in a gynecologic oncology fellowship training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis (II-2) of all patients who underwent laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgical staging at Women and Children's Hospital for locally advanced cervical cancer between June 2002 and June 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gynecologic oncology fellowship training program at a University-County Hospital
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with clinical stage IIB-IVA cervical carcinoma were identified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgical staging for clinical stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 cases of laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgical staging for locally advanced cervical cancer performed by fellows-in-training were identified. Fellows were first assistant surgeon in 10 cases, and operating surgeon in 22 cases. Each fellow was mentored an average of 5 cases as first assistant surgeon. As operating surgeon, all 22 fellow cases (100%) were successfully performed without conversion to laparotomy. Fellow mean operative time was 163 minutes. Fellow mean aortic nodal count was 14. Fellow mean blood loss was 42 mL. The mean hospital stay was 1.6 days. Overall, 2 patients (6.2%) experienced a complication from the procedure. Over one half (53%) of the patients reported a prior abdominal surgery. No lymphedema has been reported in patients who underwent laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgical staging with a median follow-up of 10 months. Surgical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity were common in the study group. A steep surgical learning curve for the fellows was demonstrated by comparing mean operative times to academic year. Aortic nodal metastasis was detected in 25% of cases, and 14% were occult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible to teach laparoscopic extraperitoneal surgical staging to fellows-in-training. Our data suggest that by the end of training, fellows can become proficient with the procedure and are capable of surgical outcomes and complication rates comparable to reported literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA. plowe@WESTCLINIC.com
authors.forename: M Patrick
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahador
authors.forename: Laila I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Muderspach
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caffrey
authors.forename: Lynda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: C Paul
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000193:education*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*