title: The human ortholog of the rodent testis-specific ABC transporter Abca17 is a ubiquitously expressed pseudogene (ABCA17P) and shares a common 5' end with ABCA3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During the past years, we and others discovered a series of human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, now referred to as ABC A-subfamily transporters. Recently, a novel testis-specific ABC A transporter, Abca17, has been cloned in rodent. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of the human ortholog of rodent Abca17.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The novel human ABC A-transporter gene on chromosome 16p13.3 is ubiquitously expressed with highest expression in glandular tissues and the heart. The new ABC transporter gene exhibits striking nucleotide sequence homology with the recently cloned mouse (58%) and rat Abca17 (51%), respectively, and is located in the syntenic region of mouse Abca17 indicating that it represents the human ortholog of rodent Abca17. However, unlike in the mouse, the full-length ABCA17 transcript (4.3 kb) contains numerous mutations that preclude its translation into a bona fide ABC transporter protein strongly suggesting that the human ABCA17 gene is a transcribed pseudogene (ABCA17P). We identified numerous alternative ABCA17P splice variants which are transcribed from two distinct transcription initiation sites. Genomic analysis revealed that ABCA17P borders on another ABC A-subfamily transporter - the lung surfactant deficiency gene ABCA3. Surprisingly, we found that both genes overlap at their first exons and are transcribed from opposite strands. This genomic colocalization and the observation that the ABCA17P and ABCA3 genes share significant homologies in several exons (up to 98%) suggest that both genes have evolved by gene duplication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that ABCA17P and ABCA3 form a complex of overlapping genes in the human genome from which both non-coding and protein-coding ABC A-transporter RNAs are expressed. The fact that both genes overlap at their 5' ends suggests interdependencies in their regulation and may have important implications for the functional analysis of the disease gene ABCA3. Moreover, this is the first demonstration of the expression of a pseudogene and its parent gene from a common overlapping DNA region in the human genome.
authors.affiliation: R&D Group, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ulleval University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway. armin.piehler@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: Armin P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Piehler
authors.forename: Jürgen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Ole K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Olstad
authors.forename: Kari Bente Foss
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Haug
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kierulf
authors.forename: Wolfgang E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kaminski
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D020440:Gene Duplication; D005807:Genes, Overlapping; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009154:Mutation; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011544:Pseudogenes; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: C506287:ABCA17 protein, mouse; C441524:ABCA3 protein, human; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C506286:Abca17 protein, rat; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011506:Proteins