title: Determination of exposure and probable ingestion of fluoride through tea, toothpaste, tobacco and pan masala.
abstract: Levels of water soluble and acid soluble fluoride in tea, toothpaste, tobacco and pan masala (mouth freshener) were estimated. These items are, generally, ignored while calculating the total dietary intake of fluoride. Tea, toothpaste, tobacco, pan masala (with tobacco and without tobacco) frequently expose human body to 3.88-137.09, 53.5-338.5, 28.0-113.0, 16.5-306.5 and 23.5-185.0 microg of fluoride per gram of these items, respectively. An effort was also made to quantify, on the basis of available studies, the probable human ingestion of fluoride through these substances. Increased leaching of fluoride from some of these substances has been observed in acidic conditions in the present study. The results can be extrapolated to acidic conditions of human stomach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India. ashyaduvanshi@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Asheesh Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: Anil Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Haritash
authors.forename: Bhupender
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Shiv Pratap
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Raghuvanshi
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kansal
mesh_terms: D003802:Dentifrices / Q000737:chemistry*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003802:Dentifrices; D013662:Tea; D005459:Fluorides