title: The effect of enzyme-inducing antiseizure drugs on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of procarbazine hydrochloride.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Procarbazine hydrochloride (PCB) is one of the few anticancer drugs with activity against high-grade gliomas. This study was conducted to determine if the maximum tolerated dose and pharmacokinetics of PCB are affected by the concurrent use of enzyme-inducing antiseizure drugs (EIASD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults with recurrent high-grade glioma were divided into cohorts who were (+) and were not (-) taking EIASDs. PCB was given orally for 5 consecutive days each month. Six patients were evaluated at each dose level beginning with 200 mg/m2/d and escalated using the modified continual reassessment method. Toxicity and response were assessed. Pharmacokinetic studies were done with a new electrospray ionization mass spectrometry assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine patients were evaluated. The maximum tolerated dose was 393 mg/m2/d for the +EIASD group and the highest dose evaluated in -EIASD patients was 334 mg/m2/d. Myelosuppression was the primary dose-limiting toxicity. Significant hepatic dysfunction occurred in three patients in the +EIASD cohort. Four partial responses (8%) and no complete responses were observed. PCB exhibited linear pharmacokinetics with no significant differences between the two cohorts. A marked increase in peak PCB levels was noted on day 5 relative to day 1, which was not attributable to drug accumulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that (a) EIASD use does not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of PCB; (b) changes in the peak plasma concentration of PCB, consistent with decreased apparent oral clearance due to autoinhibition of hepatic metabolism, occur with daily dosing; and (c) severe hepatic dysfunction may accompany this administration schedule.
authors.affiliation: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1000, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. grossman@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Tracy T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Batchelor
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.forename: Jane B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Alavi
authors.forename: Surasak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phuphanich
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hammour
authors.forename: Joy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Jeffrey G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Supko
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011344:Procarbazine