International Union of Pharmacology LVIII: update on the P2Y G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors: from molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology to therapy.
There have been many advances in our knowledge about different aspects of P2Y receptor signaling since the last review published by our International Union of Pharmacology subcommittee. More receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterized and most orphan receptors de-orphanized, so that it is now possible to provide a basis for a future subdivision of P2Y receptor subtypes. More is known about the functional elements of the P2Y receptor molecules and the signaling pathways involved, including interactions with ion channels. There have been substantial developments in the design of selective agonists and antagonists to some of the P2Y receptor subtypes. There are new findings about the mechanisms underlying nucleotide release and ectoenzymatic nucleotide breakdown. Interactions between P2Y receptors and receptors to other signaling molecules have been explored as well as P2Y-mediated control of gene transcription. The distribution and roles of P2Y receptor subtypes in many different cell types are better understood and P2Y receptor-related compounds are being explored for therapeutic purposes. These and other advances are discussed in the present review.
Abbracchio
Maria P
MP
Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Burnstock
Geoffrey
G
Boeynaems
Jean-Marie
JM
Barnard
Eric A
EA
Boyer
José L
JL
Kennedy
Charles
C
Knight
Gillian E
GE
Fumagalli
Marta
M
Gachet
Christian
C
Jacobson
Kenneth A
KA
Weisman
Gary A
GA
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D007473:Ion Channels; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D058910:Purinergic P2 Receptor Agonists; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2