title: Tuberculosis control in conflict-affected East Timor, 1996-2004.
abstract: METHODS
  East Timor has undergone major political changes in the past 10 years. Tuberculosis (TB) control has flourished, despite chronic low tension conflict, a brief but intense period of high-level conflict and post-conflict reconstruction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess TB control in East Timor from 1996 to 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from a variety of sources. Key TB programme indicators were analysed with reference to WHO targets to assess the performance of the three TB control programmes that operated during the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before 1999, a non-governmental TB control programme was established in several districts in parallel with the government TB programme, and showed optimistic results. External donor funds, technical assistance and local control strategies were key components. In 1999, conflict led to complete disruption of both programmes. In 2000, a National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP) was established from the non-governmental programme in collaboration with other partners. The smear-positive TB case notification rate of 108 per 100000 population is the highest in the region and reflects high population coverage. The cure rate of 81% is close to reaching the WHO target.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-quality TB control has been introduced in conflict-affected East Timor. Further research is needed to examine Timorese approaches to inform other, similar settings.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heldal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rolandsen
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation; D049648:Timor-Leste; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014857:Warfare