title: Characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus heat shock, cold shock, stringent, and SOS responses and their effects on log-phase mRNA turnover.
abstract: Despite its being a leading cause of nosocomal and community-acquired infections, surprisingly little is known about Staphylococcus aureus stress responses. In the current study, Affymetrix S. aureus GeneChips were used to define transcriptome changes in response to cold shock, heat shock, stringent, and SOS response-inducing conditions. Additionally, the RNA turnover properties of each response were measured. Each stress response induced distinct biological processes, subsets of virulence factors, and antibiotic determinants. The results were validated by real-time PCR and stress-mediated changes in antimicrobial agent susceptibility. Collectively, many S. aureus stress-responsive functions are conserved across bacteria, whereas others are unique to the organism. Sets of small stable RNA molecules with no open reading frames were also components of each response. Induction of the stringent, cold shock, and heat shock responses dramatically stabilized most mRNA species. Correlations between mRNA turnover properties and transcript titers suggest that S. aureus stress response-dependent alterations in transcript abundances can, in part, be attributed to alterations in RNA stability. This phenomenon was not observed within SOS-responsive cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska 68198, USA.
authors.forename: Kelsi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Corbette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Disz
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vonstein
authors.forename: Kaitlyn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Overbeek
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Projan
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Dunman
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020871:RNA Stability; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012333:RNA, Messenger