title: Reactive oxygen metabolites and anti-oxidative defenses in aspirin-induced gastric damage in rats: Gastroprotection by Vitamin E.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been proposed that neutrophil infiltration and oxygen radicals may be the important prime events that lead to mucosal injury induced by aspirin. Vitamin E acts as a potent antioxidant, and is capable of scavenging free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxygen metabolites and anti-oxidative defenses in acute gastric damage induced by aspirin and to find the effects of Vitamin E.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 24 rats each as follows: (1) the control group; (2) the ASA group that received 300mg/kg of ASA; (3) the Vitamin E plus ASA group and (4) the Vitamin E group that received Vitamin E (75 units) alone. At 3, 6, 9 and 24h after the drug administration, six rats were randomly selected from each group and gastric mucosal injury, prostaglandin E2, and the activities of myeloperoxidase, xanthine-oxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase as well as glutathione level were measured and compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of ASA caused acute gastric erosions and an increase in myeloperoxidase activity. It also decreased prostaglandin E2, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione level. Concomitant administration of Vitamin E and ASA restored all the changes toward the control levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free radicals and suppression of anti-oxidizing enzymes play important roles in gastric damage induced by aspirin. Increased myeloperoxidase activity suggests that activated neutrophils may be a major source of free radicals. Vitamin E protects against ASA-induced damage due to its anti-oxidizing activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrafarin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fesharaki
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasimi
authors.forename: Saloomeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.forename: Roozbeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mokhtari
authors.forename: Raana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moradian
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amirpoor