Identification and quantification of the constituents of madder root by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.
The possibilities in the identification and quantitation of the constituents of Rubia tinctorum L.'s root, called also madder root, was described and compared by gas chromatography (GC)-MS, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV/photodiode array detection (DAD) and HPLC-MS: chromatographic analyses were carried out in parallel, from the same samples/extracts/hydrolyzates. Anthraquinone glycosides, anthraquinones, carboxylic acids and sugars were determined directly in the presence of the matrix and in its extracts without and subsequently to hydrolyses. Hydrolyses were performed as a function of time, with hydrochloric and trifluoroacetic acids, as well as enzymatically. Data revealed that as hydrolyzing agent trifluoroacetic acid is to be preferred. Madder root's anthraquinones (pseudopurpurin/purpurin, alizarin, lucidin, munjistin, nordamnacanthal) were identified on the basis of their absorption spectra (HPLC-DAD) and fragmentation patterns by GC-MS and HPLC-MS, equally. Reproducibility of anthraquinone's quantitation, by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS, in the concentration ranges of 4 x 10(-5) to 3 x 10(-2)g/g dried sample, provided an average reproducibility of 4.2% (varying between 0.9 and 9.4% relative standard deviation (RSD percentages)). Carboxylic acids (malic, citric, quinic, rosmarinic acids) and saccharides (xylose, ribose, fructose, glucose, sucrose, primverose) were quantified as their trimethylsilyl (oxime) ether/ester derivatives by GC-MS, in the concentration ranges of 10(-5)g to 10(-2)g/g dried sample, with an average reproducibility of 4.7% RSD.
Boldizsár
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Department of Plant Anatomy, L. Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
Szucs
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Füzfai
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Molnár-Perl
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D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045470:Rubia / Q000737:chemistry*
D000880:Anthraquinones