title: Computational fluid dynamics modeling of intracranial aneurysms: effects of parent artery segmentation on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to show the influence of the upstream parent artery geometry on intraaneurysmal hemodynamics of cerebral aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-specific models of 4 cerebral aneurysms (1 posterior communicating artery [PcomA], 2 middle cerebral artery [MCA], and 1 anterior communicating artery [AcomA]) were constructed from 3D rotational angiography images. Two geometric models were constructed for each aneurysm. One model had the native parent vessel geometry; the second model was truncated approximately 1 cm upstream from the aneurysm, and the parent artery replaced with a straight cylinder. Corresponding finite element grids were generated and computational fluid dynamics simulations were carried out under pulsatile flow conditions. The intra-aneurysmal flow patterns and wall shear stress (WSS) distributions were visualized and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Models using the truncated parent vessel underestimated the WSS in the aneurysms in all cases and shifted the impaction zone to the neck compared with the native geometry. These effects were more pronounced in the PcomA and AcomA aneurysms where upstream curvature was substantial. The MCA aneurysm with a long M1 segment was the least effected. The more laminar flow pattern within the parent vessel in truncated models resulted in a less complex intra-aneurysmal flow patterns with fewer vortices and less velocity at the dome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failure to properly model the inflow stream contributed by the upstream parent artery can significantly influence the results of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic models. The upstream portion of the parent vessel of cerebral aneurysms should be included to accurately represent the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics.
authors.affiliation: School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22042, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Putman
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cebral
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology