title: Neocortical atrophy, third ventricular width, and cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Correlations are reported between atrophy and neuropsychological test results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if neocortical volume would supplant or supplement third ventricular width and other magnetic resonance imaging measures when predicting neuropsychological impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University MS clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven patients with relapsing-remitting MS, 42 patients with secondary progressive MS, and 27 healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain atrophy and lesion burden measures were obtained in all patients. A subset of 82 patients and all controls underwent neuropsychological testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with secondary progressive MS had more atrophy than patients with relapsing-remitting MS and controls. Neocortical volume was significantly correlated with all neuropsychological measures, with r values ranging from 0.29 to 0.58. Third ventricular width was retained in most stepwise regression analyses predicting cognitive impairment in patients with MS and distinguishing secondary progressive from relapsing-remitting courses of MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirm an association between neocortical volume and multiple cognitive domains in MS, although neocortical volume did not explain significantly more variance than other magnetic resonance imaging measures. Of the magnetic resonance imaging variables studied, third ventricular width was retained in most regression models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA. benedict@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Ralph H B
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.forename: Jared M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: Nadir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdelrahman
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinstock-Guttman
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Munschauer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zivadinov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D019579:Neocortex / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020542:Third Ventricle / Q000473:pathology*