title: Effect of photochemical treatment on the biocompatibility of a commercial nonionic surfactant used in the textile industry.
abstract: The degradability of surfactants is a frequent and complex issue arising both at domestic as well as industrial treatment facilities. The present paper describes a laboratory study conducted to elucidate the photochemical and biochemical treatability of a nonionic, alkyl polyethylene ether-based surfactant formulation commonly used in the textile preparation stage. The application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C advanced photochemical oxidation appeared to be a suitable treatment alternative and 90% COD removal (COD(0) approximately 500 mg/L) could be achieved under optimized process conditions. A significant COD removal efficiency (74%) could also be reached after biodegradation (final COD=135 mg/L) of the surfactant; however, necessitated an acclimation period of at least 6 weeks for the achievement of steady-state conditions. H(2)O(2)/UV-C treatment efficiency was seriously retarded upon elevation of the initial COD to around 1000 mg/L, resulting in 46% COD and 38% TOC removal after 120 min photochemical oxidation (H(2)O(2,0)=1020 mg/L; pH(0)=9.1). The BOD(5)/COD ratio increased from 0.23 to 0.31 after the application of H(2)O(2)/UV-C revealing that photochemical pretreatment may have a positive effect on the ultimate biodegradation of the nonionic surfactant. Although the time required for activated sludge treatment to reach steady-state conditions could be reduced to 3 weeks for the photochemically pretreated surfactant formulation biochemical COD removal efficiency dramatically decreased from 74% to 39% for the nonionic surfactant being subjected to H(2)O(2)/UV-C pretreatment (ultimate COD after activated sludge treatment=265 mg/L).
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey. arslanid@itu.edu.tr <arslanid@itu.edu.tr>
authors.forename: Idil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arslan-Alaton
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdinc
mesh_terms: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010777:Photochemistry; D012722:Sewage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013783:Textile Industry; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012722:Sewage; D013501:Surface-Active Agents