title: Insulin-like growth factor I: a predictor of long-term glucose abnormalities in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low levels of IGF-I are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the IGF-I system in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without previously known diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-eight AMI patients were classified before hospital discharge by means of an OGTT as having NGT, IGT or newly detected type 2 diabetes. Age- and sex-matched subjects from the background population (n=185) served as the control group. The associations between fasting levels of IGF-I and IGF binding proteins 1 and 3 (IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3) and glucose metabolism during a follow-up period of 12 months were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At hospital discharge, age-adjusted IGF-I (IGF-I SD) was significantly lower in patients with abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT=IGT or type 2 diabetes) compared with patients with NGT (p=0.014) and control subjects (p<0.001). IGF-I was strongly correlated with IGFBP-3 (r=0.730, p<0.001), which was significantly lower in patients with AGT compared with patients with NGT (p=0.009) and control subjects (p<0.001). Fasting levels of IGFBP-1 did not differ significantly between patients with NGT and AGT or between patients and control subjects. In a multiple logistic regression analysis in patients, IGF-I at hospital discharge was a significant predictor of AGT at discharge and after 12 months (adjusted odds ratio 0.29, p=0.022, and adjusted odds ratio 0.29, p=0.034, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low levels of IGF-I may be a useful predictor of abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with AMI.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit N5:00, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. marit.wallander@ki.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallander
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brismar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ohrvik
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rydén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norhammar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005947:Glucose