title: Correlation of the size of undescended testis with its locations in vatrious age groups.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the correlation of the size of undescended testis with its location in children of various age groups, per-operatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical Unit B, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi from February 2004 - November 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children presenting with undescended testis at surgical outpatient were recruited. Physical examination and relevant investigations (haemoglobin, ultrasound for location and size of testes) were performed. Patients were divided randomly into three age groups, group I (8 months - 2.5 years), group II (2.6 - 8 years), group III (8.1-13 years). At orchiopexy location and size of undescended testis were noted. Patients were further sub-divided into groups according to peroperative location of undescended testis, group A (intra-abdominal), group B (intra-canalicular), group C (distal to superficial inguinal ring - pubic). Where no testis was found, a separate group D was assigned. The size of undescended testis at different locations in various age groups was compared with reference to normal descended testicular size in the respective age group, for statistical significance. ANOVA test was used for intergroup comparison for the size of undescended testis and Student t- test was applied for comparison with reference to normal values of the size of testis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 102 patients with undescended testis were included in the study. The total number of 107 testicular units were assessed. Group I had 28, group II, 41 and group III, 38 testes. There were 24 intra-abdominal, 68 intra-canalicular and 12 pubic in location. In 3 cases, no testis was found at exploration. We found no statistically significant difference amongst groups (p-value=0.090) between the size of the undescended testis at different peroperative locations. The size of undescended testis grew with the age as undescended testis of larger size were found in older age group as compared to younger age group. By applying Student t-test, we did not find statistically significant difference in relation to the size of undescended testis in various age groups in comparison to the reference of mean volume of normally descended testis in the respective age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-pubertal size of undescended testis does not differ significantly from that of normal reference value of descended testis in relation to age and location. The ultimate size of the testis can only be assessed after puberty whether it is a normally descended or undescended testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics Surgery, National Institute of child Health, Karachi. taqvi@cyber.net.pk
authors.forename: Syed Raees
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hussain Taqvi
authors.forename: Jamshed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: Tayyaba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Batool
authors.forename: Razia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tabassum
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010173:Palpation; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index