title: Field dissipation and environmental hazard assessment of clomazone, molinate, and thiobencarb in Australian rice culture.
abstract: The fates of clomazone [2-(2-chlorophenyl)methyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone], molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1-H-azepine-1-carbothioate), and thiobencarb {S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]diethylcarbamothioate} applied to rice were studied at two locations in New South Wales (Australia). Rates of dissipation (DT50) from floodwaters and soils were measured. Dissipation of the three herbicides from water and soil can be best explained by a first-order decay process. DT(50) values for clomazone, molinate, and thiobencarb were 7.2, 5.1, and 3.5 days, respectively, in water and 14.6, 23.9, and >46 days, respectively, in surface soil. Maximum measured concentrations of clomazone, molinate, and thiobencarb in floodwaters were 202, 1042, and 148 microg/L, respectively, taking 18.4, 26.4, and 21.4 days to dissipate to concentrations set to protect aquatic ecosystems. A hazard assessment identified clomazone as presenting a low environmental hazard while molinate and thiobencarb presented a medium environmental hazard when used at registered field rates.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 3, Griffith, NSW, 2680 Australia. Wendy.Quayle@csiro.au
authors.forename: Wendy C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Quayle
authors.forename: Danielle P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Sharyn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zrna
mesh_terms: D001381:Azepines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009517:New South Wales; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; D006540:Herbicides; D007555:Isoxazoles; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D012987:Soil; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D014867:Water; C095255:clomazone; C009821:molinate; C037925:benthiocarb