title: Attitudes of general dental practitioners in Europe to the microbial risk associated with dental unit water systems.
abstract: Dental Unit Water Systems (DUWS) are used in dental practices to provide water for cooling of dental equipment and irrigation of the oral cavity. However, they have been demonstrated to be contaminated with micro-organisms. There are currently no European Union (EU) Commission guidelines for the microbial quality of water discharged by DUWS. This study was part of an EU research programme to investigate the microbial contamination of DUWS in general dental practice (GDP) in the UK, Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Ireland, Greece and Spain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To undertake a questionnaire survey on the type of DUWS in use and determine the attitude of GDPs to the risk of microbial infection from DUWS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was written and translated into the language of each country before being posted to each participating dentist. Dentists were asked to complete the questionnaire survey and return it by post.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major findings were that the majority of dentists did not clean, disinfect or determine the microbial load of their DUWS, and that dentists would welcome regular monitoring and advice on maintaining their DUWS; the introduction of guidelines; and recommendations on controlling the microbial load of DUWS.
authors.affiliation: Technological Educational Institute, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kamma
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fulford
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ostergaard
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: ten Cate
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Moorer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mavridou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mandilara
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stoesser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kneist
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goroncy-Bermes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Mullane
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003748:Dental Equipment / Q000382:microbiology*; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D019552:Infection Control, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards