title: Promoting female condom use to heterosexual couples: findings from a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The female condom remains the only female-initiated method for preventing pregnancy and STDs, including HIV. Innovative methods for promoting its use, and for involving male partners in its use, are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 217 women and their main male sexual partners were randomly assigned to one of three study conditions: a six-session relationship-based STD prevention intervention provided to the couple together, the same intervention provided to the woman only or a single-session education control provided to the woman only. Assessments were conducted at baseline and three months postintervention. Contrast coding was used to examine whether the effects of the two active interventions differed from those of the control intervention, and whether the effects of the two active interventions differed from each other. Regression analyses were used to estimate treatment effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, participants in either active intervention were more likely to use a female condom with their study partner and with all partners, and used female condoms at a higher rate with all partners, than individuals assigned to the control intervention; at the end of three months, they were more likely to intend to use the condom in the next 90 days. No significant differences in outcomes were found between the active intervention groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focusing on both a woman and her main male sexual partner is efficacious in increasing female condom use and intention to use among heterosexual couples at risk for HIV and other STDs.
authors.affiliation: Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA. ssw12@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Susan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Bassel
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Elwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mingway
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019111:Single-Use Internal Condom / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*