title: An antireflux stent versus conventional stents for palliation of distal esophageal or cardia cancer: a randomized clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-expandable metal stents placed across the esophagogastric junction for palliative treatment of malignant strictures may lead to gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration. This study compared the effects of a Dua antireflux stent with those of a conventional stent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with incurable cancer of the distal esophagus or gastric cardia were randomly assigned to receive an antireflux stent (n = 19) or a standard stent (n = 22) at nine Swedish hospitals during the period September 1, 2003 to July 31, 2005. Complications were recorded at clinical follow-up visits. Survival rates were assessed through linkage to the Population Register. Dysphagia, reflux symptoms, esophageal pain, dyspnea, and global quality of life were assessed as changes in mean scores between baseline and 1 month after stent insertion through validated questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No technical problems occurred during stent placement in the 41 enrolled patients. Fewer patients with complications were observed in the antireflux stent group (n = 3) than in the standard group (n = 8), but no statistically significant difference was shown (p = 0.14). The survival rates were similar in the two groups (p = 0.99; hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.5-2.0). The groups did not differ significantly in terms of studied esophageal or respiratory symptoms or quality of life. Clinically relevant improvement in dysphagia occurred in both groups. Dyspnea decreased after antireflux stent insertion (mean score change, -11), and increased after insertion of standard stent (mean score change, +21).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antireflux stents may be used without increased risk of complications, mortality, esophageal symptoms, or reduced global quality of life. These results should encourage large-scale randomized trials that can establish potentially beneficial effects of antireflux stents.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Esophageal and Gastric Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnsson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Arnelo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lundell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagergren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002299:Cardia; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome