title: Beta2 adrenergic antagonist inhibits cerebral cortical oxygen delivery after severe haemodilution in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Haemodilution has been associated with neurological morbidity in surgical patients. This study tests the hypothesis that inhibition of cerebral vasodilatation by systemic beta2 adrenergic blockade would impair cerebral oxygen delivery leading to tissue hypoxia in severely haemodiluted rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under general anaesthesia, cerebral tissue probes were placed to measure temperature, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and tissue oxygen tension (P(Br)O2) in the parietal cerebral cortex or hippocampus. Baseline measurements were established before and after systemic administration of either a beta2 antagonist (10 mg kg(-1) i.v., ICI 118, 551) or saline vehicle. Acute haemodilution was then performed by simultaneously exchanging 50% of the estimated blood volume (30 ml kg(-1)) with pentastarch. Arterial blood gases (ABGs), haemoglobin concentration (co-oximetry), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were also measured. Data were analysed using a two-way anova and post hoc Tukey's test [mean (sd)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemodilution reduced the haemoglobin concentration comparably in all groups [71 (9) g litre(-1)]. There were no differences in ABGs, co-oximetry, HR and MAP measurements between control and beta2 blocked rats, either before or 60 min after drug or vehicle administration. In rats treated with the beta2 antagonist there was a significant reduction in parietal cerebral cortical temperature, regional blood flow and tissue oxygen tension, relative to control rats, 60 min after haemodilution (P<0.05 for each). These differences were not observed when probes were placed in the hippocampus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic beta2 adrenergic blockade inhibited the compensatory increase in parietal cerebral cortical oxygen delivery after haemodilution thereby reducing cerebral cortical tissue oxygen tension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and the Cara Phelan Centre for Trauma Research, University of Toronto, St Michael's Hospital 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada. hareg@smh.toronto.on.ca
authors.forename: G M T
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: J M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Worrall
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sikich
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Mazer
mesh_terms: D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006438:Hemodilution; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010313:Partial Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013696:Temperature; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D010100:Oxygen