Dietary PBDE intake: a market-basket study in Belgium.
A food market-basket, representative for the general Belgian population, containing various meat, fish and dairy food products, was assembled and analysed for its polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) content. Additionally, fast food samples were also investigated. Based on the measured PBDE levels, an average daily dietary intake estimate of PBDEs was calculated. Of all foods analysed, fish had the highest average sum of PBDE levels (BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183; 460 pg/g ww), followed by dairy products and eggs (260 pg/g ww), fast food (86 pg/g ww) and meat products (70 pg/g ww). One fresh salmon filet had the highest total concentration of PBDEs (2360 pg/g ww), whereas levels in steak and chicken breast were the lowest of all foods analysed. BDE 209 was never found above LOQ in any food. PBDE intake calculations were based on the average daily food consumption in Belgium and were estimated between 23 and 48 ng/day of total PBDEs (lower and upper bound). This value is in accordance with what was previously reported for diets from geographical distinct areas, such as Canada, Finland, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Although it is only a minor constituent of the Belgian diet, fish is the major contributor to the total daily PBDE-intake (around 40%) due to the high PBDE levels in this type of food. Although low contaminated, meat products account for around 30% of the total dietary intake of PBDEs. Dairy products and eggs contribute to a lesser degree (less than 30%).
Voorspoels
Stefan
S
Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmacy, University of Antwerp (UA), Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. stefan.voorspoels@gmail.com
Covaci
Adrian
A
Neels
Hugo
H
Schepens
Paul
P
D000818:Animals; D001530:Belgium; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*
D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C031538:phenyl ether