title: Pre-clinical evidence for the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of sildenafil, vardenafil and tadalafil, all phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors used for treating erectile dysfunction, for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The mRNA expression of the PDE-5 was determined in rat LUT tissues. The PDE-5 inhibitors were also tested in organ-bath experiments and in a partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) rat model in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest PDE-5 mRNA expression was in the bladder, followed by the urethra and prostate. PDE-5 inhibitors dose-dependently reduced the contraction of the isolated bladder, urethral and prostate strips. The rank order of potency was vardenafil > sildenafil > tadalafil. In human prostate stromal cells vardenafil inhibited cell proliferation and was more effective than tadalafil and sildenafil. In the BOO model, there was a reduction in the non-voiding contractions after bolus intravenous administration of 3 mg/kg sildenafil and vardenafil.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that PDE-5 is expressed in LUT tissues. PDE-5 inhibitors induced significant relaxation of these tissues, inhibited the proliferation of human prostate stromal cells and reduced the irritative symptoms of BPH/LUTS in vivo. Therefore, PDE-5 inhibitors could be used as an effective treatment for BPH/LUTS.
authors.affiliation: Bayer Health Care AG-Institute for Product-Related Research, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tinel
authors.forename: Beatrix
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stelte-Ludwig
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hütter
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandner
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002243:Carbolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053448:Prostatism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011687:Purines; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068581:Tadalafil; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D007093:Imidazoles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000068581:Tadalafil; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human; C517384:Pde5a protein, rat