title: Tunneled catheters' outcome optimization among diabetics on dialysis through antibiotic-lock placement.
abstract: Efficacy and safety of antibiotic 'locks', in prevention of thrombotic and infectious complication-related morbidity and mortality, among diabetics dialyzed through tunneled-cuffed catheters (TCCs) has not been effectively investigated. This trial was designed to investigate the outcome of TCCs (n = 109), inserted among 96 diabetic end-stage renal disease patients (March 2002-February 2003), by comparing the catheter thrombosis, catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), catheter survival, and mortality rates, between the cohorts of 49 patients who had TCCs (n = 51) 'locked' with cefotaxime/heparin (group I) and 47 patients with TCCs (n = 58) filled with standard heparin (group II). Thrombosis was defined as the inability to use catheter at a blood flow of 200 ml/min despite intraluminal thrombolysis. Primary end points were catheter thrombosis and CRBSI; elective catheter removal and CRBSI-related death led to sensor of TCCs follow-up. Patients with intraluminal cefotaxime/heparin lock, on cumulative survival analysis, showed a superior thrombosis-free (86.3 vs 63.8%, P = 0.023, log rank), infection-free (72.9 vs 27.1%, P = 0.004, log rank), and thrombosis- and infection-free TCC survival (78.4 vs 37.9%, P = 0.001, log rank) at 365 days, besides having significantly lower incidence of CRBSI (1.56 vs 3.68 episodes/1000 catheter days, P < 0.0001) and CRBSI-related mortality (9.8 vs 23.4%, P = 0.015), compared with the heparin-alone group. Deployment of cefotaxime-heparin 'lock' enhances catheter survival; reduces thrombotic and infectious complications and ensuing mortality, among diabetics on dialysis. However, further studies are needed to define the long-term implications of antibiotic locks in terms of the risk of emergence of antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, King Fahad Hospital & Tertiary Care Center, King Faizal University, AL-HASA, 31982, Saudi Arabia. dranil_31982@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Panhotra
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hafiz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Venkateshappa
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Abu-Oun
authors.forename: S M N
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Ama-A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamdi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002404:Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000382:microbiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D005839:Gentamicins