title: Cyclo-oxygenase-2-immunoreactive neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn in a chicken acute inflammation model.
abstract: Acute and chronic peripheral inflammation is known to induce the expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 in spinal cord neurons and increase the synthesis and release of prostaglandins (PG). Although these PG are presumed to cause inflammatory pain or hyperalgesia, the relationship between PG-producing cells in the dorsal horn and substance P (SP)-containing, pain-transmittimg nerve fibers remains unknown. In the present study we investigated immunohistochemically changes in the number of COX-2-containing neurons using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method in dorsal horn superficial laminae in chicken lumbosacral enlargement (L4, L5) under inflammatory conditions induced by unilateral intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. After 12-24 h, a significant increase in the number of small COX-2-containing neurons was observed in lamina II on the injected side compared with the contralateral side. Furthermore, using fluorescent double-labeling for COX-2 and SP, an increase in the number of small COX-2-containing neurons in contact with SP-containing elements was observed ipsilaterally (1.4-1.6-fold compared with the contralateral side) in lamina II. Fluorescence triple-labeling of COX-2, SP and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) confirmed that the majority of these SP-containing elements coexisted with CGRP, indicating that these elements originated from primary afferent neurons. Using electron microscopy, two types of SP-containing axon terminals were found to form synapses with COX-2-containing neurons in lamina II. These results indicate that the number of COX-2-containing neurons increases concomitantly with an increase in the number of contacts of these neurons with SP-containing primary afferent fibers and suggest that this phenomenon is associated with PG production and the persistence of inflammatory pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toyoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawate
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Saoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Atsumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D013373:Substance P; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide