title: Valproate protects dopaminergic neurons in midbrain neuron/glia cultures by stimulating the release of neurotrophic factors from astrocytes.
abstract: Valproate (VPA), one of the mood stabilizers and antiepileptic drugs, was recently found to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDAC). Increasing reports demonstrate that VPA has neurotrophic effects in diverse cell types including midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. However, the origin and nature of the mediator of the neurotrophic effects are unclear. We have previously demonstrated that VPA prolongs the survival of midbrain DA neurons in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated neuron-glia cultures through the inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory factors from microglia. In this study, we report that VPA upregulates the expression of neurotrophic factors, including glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from astrocytes and these effects may play a major role in mediating VPA-induced neurotrophic effects on DA neurons. Moreover, VPA pretreatment protects midbrain DA neurons from LPS or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity. Our study identifies astrocyte as a novel target for VPA to induce neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions in rat midbrain and shows a potential new role of cellular interactions between DA neurons and astrocytes. The neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of VPA also suggest a utility of this drug for treating neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Moreover, the neurotrophic effects of VPA may contribute to the therapeutic action of this drug in treating bipolar mood disorder that involves a loss of neurons and glia in discrete brain areas.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
authors.forename: P-S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: G-S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: R-B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: P-W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Gean
authors.forename: D-M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: J-S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D014635:Valproic Acid