title: Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a general concern on the possible hazardous health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations (RFR) emitted from mobile phone base station antennas on the human nervous system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the possible neurobehavioral deficits among inhabitants living nearby mobile phone base stations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on (85) inhabitants living nearby the first mobile phone station antenna in Menoufiya governorate, Egypt, 37 are living in a building under the station antenna while 48 opposite the station. A control group (80) participants were matched with the exposed for age, sex, occupation and educational level. All participants completed a structured questionnaire containing: personal, educational and medical histories; general and neurological examinations; neurobehavioral test battery (NBTB) [involving tests for visuomotor speed, problem solving, attention and memory]; in addition to Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of neuropsychiatric complaints as headache (23.5%), memory changes (28.2%), dizziness (18.8%), tremors (9.4%), depressive symptoms (21.7%), and sleep disturbance (23.5%) were significantly higher among exposed inhabitants than controls: (10%), (5%), (5%), (0%), (8.8%) and (10%), respectively (P<0.05). The NBTB indicated that the exposed inhabitants exhibited a significantly lower performance than controls in one of the tests of attention and short-term auditory memory [Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)]. Also, the inhabitants opposite the station exhibited a lower performance in the problem solving test (block design) than those under the station. All inhabitants exhibited a better performance in the two tests of visuomotor speed (Digit symbol and Trailmaking B) and one test of attention (Trailmaking A) than controls. The last available measures of RFR emitted from the first mobile phone base station antennas in Menoufiya governorate were less than the allowable standard level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhabitants living nearby mobile phone base stations are at risk for developing neuropsychiatric problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral functions either by facilitation or inhibition. So, revision of standard guidelines for public exposure to RER from mobile phone base station antennas and using of NBTB for regular assessment and early detection of biological effects among inhabitants around the stations are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt. gaafar17@yahoo.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rassoul
authors.forename: O Abou
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: El-Fateh
authors.forename: M Abou
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farahat
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Batanouny
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000528:radiation effects; D001519:Behavior / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D040421:Cell Phone; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D004534:Egypt; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000528:radiation effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009420:Nervous System / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000528:radiation effects; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000528:radiation effects; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012890:Sleep / Q000528:radiation effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014202:Tremor / Q000209:etiology