title: Inhibitive effects of anti-oxidative vitamins on mannitol-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study blood vessel injury and gene expression indicating vascular endothelial cell apoptosis induced by mannitol with and without administration of anti-oxidative vitamins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Mannitol was injected into the vein of the rabbit ear in each animal. Pre-treatment prior to mannitol injection was performed with normal saline (group B), vitamin C (group C) and vitamin E (group D). Blood vessel injury was assessed under electron and light microscopy. In a second experiment, cell culture specimen of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with mannitol. Pre-treatment was done with normal saline (sample B), vitamin C (sample C) and vitamin E (sample D). Total RNA was extracted with the original single step procedure, followed by hybridisation and analysis of gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the animal experiment, serious blood vessel injury was seen in group A and group B. Group D showed light injury only, and normal tissue without pathological changes was seen in group C. Of all 330 apoptosis-related genes analysed in human cell culture specimen, no significant difference was seen after pre-treatment with normal saline, compared with the gene chip without pre-treatment. On the gene chip pre-treated with vitamin C, 45 apoptosis genes were down-regulated and 34 anti-apoptosis genes were up-regulated. Pre-treatment with vitamin E resulted in the down-regulation of 3 apoptosis genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin C can protect vascular endothelial cells from mannitol-induced injury.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China. beyondmy2002@163.com
authors.forename: Kai-yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Mei-ping
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zhi-hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xiao-na
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Shi-qiang
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008353:Mannitol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011817:Rabbits; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D014815:Vitamins; D008353:Mannitol