title: Integrated testing strategies for use in the EU REACH system.
abstract: Integrated testing strategies have been proposed to facilitate the process of chemicals risk assessment to fulfil the requirements of the proposed EU REACH system. Here, we present individual, decision-tree style, strategies for the eleven major toxicity endpoints of the REACH system, including human health effects and ecotoxicity. These strategies make maximum use of non-animal approaches to hazard identification, before resorting to traditional animal test methods. Each scheme: a) comprises a mixture of validated and non-validated assays (distinguished in the schemes); and b) decision points at key stages to allow the cessation of further testing, should it be possible to use the available information to classify and label and/or undertake risk assessment. The rationale and scientific justification for each of the schemes, with respect to the validation status of the tests involved and their individual advantages and limitations, will be discussed in detail in a series of future publications.
authors.affiliation: FRAME, 96-98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham, NG1 4EE, UK. christina@frame.org.uk
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grindon
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Combes
authors.forename: Mark T D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Garrod
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D003663:Decision Trees; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects; D005062:European Union; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances