title: Pathophysiology of contrast-induced nephropathy.
abstract: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is the third leading cause of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients and is associated with significant patient morbidity. The pathogenesis of CIN is complex and not fully understood, but iodinated contrast agents induce intense and prolonged vasoconstriction at the corticomedullary junction of the kidney. Moreover, high-osmolar dyes directly impair the autoregulatory capacity of the kidney through a loss of nitric oxide production. These effects, coupled with direct tubular toxicity of contrast media, lead to overt acute tubular necrosis and the syndrome of CIN.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Renal Research Institute (SERRI), Charlotte, North Carolina 28028, USA. jtumlin@emory.edu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tumlin
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stacul
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Christoph R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lameire
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCullough
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000241:Adenosine / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017700:Embolism, Cholesterol / Q000503:physiopathology; D016232:Endothelins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015424:Reperfusion; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003287:Contrast Media; D016232:Endothelins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012964:Sodium; D000241:Adenosine