title: Selecting indicators for the quality of cardiac care at the health system level in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are major causes of morbidity and death in adults in the world. Major differences have been reported in the management strategies and the outcome of CV diseases within and between countries. To better understand and address these differences, there is a need for quantitative information on patient management, outcome, and prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article describes the development of a set of quality indicators for cardiac care and summarizes work undertaken by the Cardiac Care Panel of the OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  A list of 61 potential indicators was identified through a literature search, review of national measurement systems, and nomination from countries participating in the project. The Cardiac Care Panel then used a modified Delphi process developed originally by RAND to select indicators. Panel members individually rated each indicator on a scale of 1-9 for scientific soundness and importance. All indicators receiving scores of 7 or more for both importance and soundness were included in the final set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen cardiac indicators were selected for the final set of indicators from the following areas: acute coronary syndromes, cardiac interventions, secondary prevention, and congestive heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final set of 17 indicators selected by the Cardiac Care Panel constitutes a comprehensive set of measures for the most relevant domains of CV care. Nevertheless, gaps remain in the area of primary prevention and in particular in areas with rapidly changing technology and improving treatment options.
authors.affiliation: National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Health and Social Services, Helsinki, Finland. ulla.idanpaan-heikkila@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Ulla M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Idänpään-Heikkilä
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lambie
authors.forename: Soeren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattke
authors.forename: Vin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Jack V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D019985:Benchmarking; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality / Q000592:standards; D002309:Cardiology / Q000592:standards*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D032921:Consensus; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D019049:Developed Countries; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D007391:International Cooperation; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000145:classification