title: PDGF-C participates in branchial arch morphogenesis and is down-regulated by retinoic acid.
abstract: Retinoic acid (RA) is a teratogen that induces a variety of craniofacial abnormalities, including branchial arch deformities and cleft palate. Platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is a recently identified member of the PDGF family. PDGF-C contributes to normal development of the heart, central nervous system, kidney and palatogenesis. But the roles of PDGF-C in branchial arches development and the relationship between PDGF-C and RA-induced branchial arches abnormalities are poorly understood. We examined the effects of RA on PDGF-C and its receptor PDGFR-alpha expressions. We demonstrated that administration of RA to mouse embryos resulted in dramatic losses of PDGF-C and its receptor PDGFR-alpha. Furthermore, we confirmed that blocking PDGF-C signaling by anti-PDGF-C neutralization antibody led to branchial arch malformations similar to that of RA induced, both hypoplastic branchial arches and FBA. These findings suggest the down-regulation of PDGF-C may be one of mechanisms of branchial arch abnormalities induced by RA and PDGF-C signaling is required for branchial arch morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhaofeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jiuxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005260:Female; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008222:Lymphokines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; C411423:platelet-derived growth factor C; D014212:Tretinoin; D012313:RNA