title: Hyperplasia and carcinomas in Pten-deficient mice and reduced PTEN protein in human bladder cancer patients.
abstract: PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in many human cancers. We used the Cre-loxP system to generate an urothelium-specific null mutation of Pten in mice [FabpCrePten(flox/flox) (FPten(flox/flox)) mice]. Histologic examination revealed that all FPten(flox/flox) mice exhibited urothelial hyperplasia in which component cells showed enlarged nuclei and increased cell size. With time, 10% of FPten(flox/flox) mice spontaneously developed pedicellate papillary transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). This type of tumor also arose in FPten(flox/flox) mice treated with the chemical carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. FPten(flox/flox) urothelial cells were hyperproliferative and showed increased activation of the survival signaling molecules Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In humans, 53% of primary bladder cancer patients exhibited decreased or absent expression of PTEN protein in either the cytoplasm or nucleus of tumor cells. In early bladder cancers, PTEN expression was repressed in 42% of superficial papillary TCC but in only 8% of cases of carcinoma in situ (CIS). In advanced bladder cancers, PTEN protein was significantly reduced (particularly in the nucleus) in 94% of cases, and this decrease in PTEN correlated with disease stage and grade. Thus, PTEN deficiency may contribute to bladder cancer both by initiating superficial papillary TCC and by promoting the progression of CIS to advanced invasive and metastatic forms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natsui
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Tak Wah
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Habuchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; C487757:Pten protein, mouse