title: Increased occupancy of dopamine receptors in human striatum during cue-elicited cocaine craving.
abstract: In all, 19 research subjects, with current histories of frequent cocaine use, were exposed to cocaine-related cues to elicit drug craving. We measured the change of occupancy of dopamine at D2-like receptors with positron emission tomography (PET) and inferred a change of intrasynaptic dopamine (endogenous dopamine release), based on the displacement of radiotracer [(11)C]raclopride. Receptor occupancy by dopamine increased significantly in putamen of participants who reported cue-elicited craving compared to those who did not. Further, the intensity of craving was positively correlated with the increase in dopamine receptor occupancy in the putamen. These results provide direct evidence that occupancy of dopamine receptors in human dorsal striatum increased in proportion to subjective craving, presumably because of increased release of intrasynaptic dopamine.
authors.affiliation: The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA. dfwong@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Dean F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schretlen
authors.forename: Katherine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bonson
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ayon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nandi
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brasić
authors.forename: Alane S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kimes
authors.forename: Marika A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maris
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Contoreggi
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Links
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rousset
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zukin
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Jae Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jasinski
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gjedde
authors.forename: Edythe D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003463:Cues; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020891:Raclopride / Q000378:metabolism; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; D020891:Raclopride; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine