title: Fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level in peripheral arterial disease of type 2 diabetes patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine association of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study with 52 type 2 diabetes patients of 41-74 years old. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who were diagnosed with PAD (16) and without PAD (36). Diagnosis of PAD was based on the ankle brachial index (ABI) measurement. Fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) level were evaluated as hemostatic factors. The two groups were compared for age, sex, smoking, plasma fasting glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride concentrations, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure level. Statistical analyse were conducted to check the significance of differences between variables in the two groups as well as interrelationship between hemostatic factors and other parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrinogen was similar in both group (402.42 +/- 74.44 mg/dl in PAD group and 322.45 +/- 101.05 mg/dl in non-PAD group) (p= 0.259). PAI-1 was also similar in both group (8.93 +/- 11.02 IU/ml in PAD group and 7.06 +/- 7.32 IU/ml in non-PAD group) (p=0.721). Hyperfibrinogenemia was more prevalent in PAD group (68.8%) than in non-PAD group (25%) (p= 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that fibrinogen and PAI-1 level were similar in both groups. As a risk factor hyperfibrinogenemia was more prevalent in PAD group.
authors.affiliation: Departement of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.
authors.forename: Susanna Hilda
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hutajulu
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurnianda
authors.forename: Ibnu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Purwanto
authors.forename: Rizka H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Asdie
authors.forename: Paulus
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiyono
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Asdie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D005340:Fibrinogen