title: The effect of capsicum plaster in pain after inguinal hernia repair in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capsicum plaster at a classical Chinese acupoint is an alternative to acupuncture, which has been used as a supplemental therapy to opioid analgesics for pain control during the postoperative period. We investigated the postoperative analgesic efficacy of capsicum plaster at Zusanli (ST-36) points after pediatric hernia repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blind, sham-controlled study was designed in 108 children, aged 4 month to 9 year, undergoing unilateral hernia repair, and was randomly assigned to three treatment regimens: group Zusanli (Z)=capsicum plaster at Zusanli acupoints and placebo tape on the shoulder as a nonacupoint, group Sham (S)=capsicum plaster on the shoulders and placebo tape at Zusanli acupoints, and group control (C)=placebo tape at Zusanli acupoints and on the shoulder. The postoperative pain scores and analgesic requirements during 24 h postoperatively were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total meperidine consumption was significantly lower in group Z (0.87+/-0.35 mg.kg-1) compared with group C (1.27+/-0.41 mg.kg-1) and S (1.22+/-0.45 mg.kg-1) (P<0.001). The pain scores on both the objective pain scale (OPS) and the Children Hospital of Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS), were significantly lower in group Z compared with the other groups at 6 and 24 h postoperatively, but not at the 10 min and 1 h postoperative time periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placement of capsicum plaster at the Zusanli points reduces pain and postoperative opioid consumption in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair, but not in the first six postoperative hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. kimks@hanyang.ac.kr
authors.forename: Kyo S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeon K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002212:Capsicum; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008614:Meperidine