title: Anemia, physical disability, and survival in older patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anemia is common in congestive heart failure, and it has been associated with poor prognosis. The effect of anemia on functional ability in heart failure has not been described. We evaluated the relationship of anemia, physical disability, and survival in patients with heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-year longitudinal study of 567 non-disabled, hospitalized heart failure patients, age > or = 65 years, enrolled in the Italian Group of Pharmacoepidemiology in the Elderly Study. Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization criteria. Physical disability was defined as dependence in performing at least 2 basic activities of daily living. After adjustment for disease severity and health-related variables, anemia was associated with higher risk of disability (odds ratio = 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-4.24). After stratification according to gender, a strong relationship of anemia and risk of disability persisted in women, but it was reduced in men. Anemic women were significantly more likely to die during the follow-up, even after adjustment for potential confounders (hazard ratio = 2.33; CI = 1.02-5.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anemia is a predictor of physical disability in older heart failure patients, and in women anemia is associated with increased mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, Institute on Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maraldi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cesari
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedone
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Woodman
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fellin
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis