title: Subdural hematomas in infants with benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces are not pathognomonic for child abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients who have benign enlargement of the subarachnoid spaces (BESS) have long been suspected of having an increased propensity for subdural hematomas either spontaneously or as a result of accidental injury. Subdural hematomas in infants are often equated with nonaccidental trauma (NAT). A better understanding of the clinical and imaging characteristics of subdural hematomas that occur either spontaneously or as a result of accidental trauma may help distinguish this group of patients from those who suffer subdural hematomas as a result of NAT. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of subdural hematomas that occur either spontaneously or as a result of accidental injury in infants with BESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with BESS complicated by subdural hematomas evaluated at a single institution from 1998 to 2004. Data concerning the patient's clinical presentation, physical findings, imaging, and management are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 7 patients with BESS complicated by subdural hematoma were identified. Their mean age at identification of the subdural hematoma was 7.4 months of age. In 5 cases, there was no recognized trauma before identification of the subdural hematoma. In 3 cases, baseline CT or MR imaging was available, showing prominent subarachnoid spaces without any evidence of subdural hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although suspicious for NAT, subdural hematomas can occur in children either spontaneously or as a result of accidental trauma. Caution must be exercised when investigating for NAT based on the sole presence of subdural hematomas, especially in children who are otherwise well and who have BESS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. dmcneely@dal.ca
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saigal
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: O'Gorman
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Farmer
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001497:Battered Child Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000175:diagnosis; D006408:Hematoma, Subdural / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013346:Subarachnoid Space / Q000473:pathology*; D013355:Subdural Space / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed