title: Distribution of viral antigens and development of lesions in chicken embryos inoculated with nipah virus.
abstract: An isolate of Nipah virus was injected into fertile eggs via the allantoic cavity or yolk sac. Allantoic inoculation resulted in considerable pathological variation and only partial mortality. Dead embryos showed severe necrosis in the brain and congestion in the kidney and the subcutis of limbs. In contrast, yolk sac inoculation led to uniform infection and mortality, the dead embryos exhibiting the same lesions as those described above but without the subcutaneous congestion. Histological lesions in dead embryos inoculated by either route were similar and particularly severe in the central nervous system. Viral antigens were detected mainly in the vasculature and neurons. The results indicated that Nipah virus is highly pathogenic to chicken embryos, and that the route of inoculation is an important determinant of the course of disease. The findings also suggested that yolk sac inoculation can be used for viral titration, and that the chicken embryo represents a useful model for studying the vascular and neuronal tropisms of Nipah virus.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan and (*)Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanimura
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan and (*)Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan and (*)Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwazaki
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan and (*)Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sharifah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000821:virology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005724:Ganglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006321:Heart / Q000821:virology; D045464:Henipavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D045405:Nipah Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral