title: HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations among newly diagnosed patients before scaling-up programmes in Burkina Faso and Cameroon.
abstract: We analysed whether mutations associated with resistance to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs circulate among treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals at a period when these drugs started to become more widely available in Africa. Overall, major resistance mutations in the pol gene, as defined by the International AIDS Society Resistance Testing-USA panel, were observed in 16 treatment-naive individuals. Eight of the 97 patients tested in Burkina Faso bore mutations conferring resistance to one drug class of ARV drugs: two to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; M41L [n = 1], M41L+T69S [n = 1]), four to non-NRTIs (NNRTIs; V106A/V [n = 1] and V1081 [n = 3]) and two to protease inhibitors (PIs; L33F [n = 2]). In Cameroon, resistance mutations were identified in 8 of 102 patients: three to PIs (M461/L [n = 2], L33F [n = 1]), three to NRTIs (T69N/T [n = 1], M184V [n = 1], A62V [n = 1]) and two to NNRTIs (P236L [n = 1], V1081 [n = 1]). It is important to note that not all genotypic drug-resistance algorithms give similar interpretations to the observed mutations. Population surveillance for ARV drug resistance is required and should be included in all implementation programmes.
authors.affiliation: UMR145, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vergne
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diagbouga
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kouanfack
authors.forename: Avelin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aghokeng
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Butel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noumssi
authors.forename: Michêle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tardy
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawadogo
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drabo
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hien
authors.forename: Léopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zekeng
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Delaporte
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002050:Burkina Faso; D002163:Cameroon; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009313:National Health Programs; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D012194:RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D016333:HIV Protease