title: Cerebral microbleeds are associated with lacunar stroke defined clinically and radiologically, independently of white matter lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Associations among microbleeds, white matter lesions (WMLs), and small deep infarcts on imaging have been reported. Because many of these imaging infarcts were asymptomatic, the relationship of microbleeds to clinical lacunar stroke is unclear. An association between microbleeds and clinically defined lacunar stroke might suggest a common causal microangiopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with lacunar, partial anterior circulation or posterior circulation stroke syndromes and older healthy subjects underwent MRI. Microhemorrhages, infarcts, hemorrhages, and WMLs were coded blind to clinical details. A final clinicoradiologic stroke subtype diagnosis was assigned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 308 subjects (67 older healthy and 241 with stroke), 54 patients had microbleeds (17%). Microbleeds were twice as frequent in lacunar than cortical strokes (26% versus 13%, P=0.03) or healthy older subjects (9%) and associated with increasing WML scores (P<0.0001). Lacunar and cortical stroke subtypes and healthy older subjects had similar WML scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microbleeds are associated with lacunar stroke defined clinicoradiologically more than other stroke subtypes but not simply by association with WMLs. This suggests that microbleeds and lacunar stroke have a similar microvascular abnormality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Rd, Edinburgh, EH4 2EX, UK. joanna.wardlaw@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wardlaw
authors.forename: Stephanie C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Keir
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shenkin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D020526:Brain Stem Infarctions / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D016037:Single-Blind Method