title: Antiviral effect of octyl gallate against DNA and RNA viruses.
abstract: The effects of gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) and its alkyl esters on virus growth and virion infectivity were examined. All the compounds tested showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in HEp-2 or Vero cells. The antiviral activity of gallic acid alkyl esters was enhanced by increasing the number of carbon in the alkyl moieties of the compounds, reaching maximum at a carbon number of 12 (lauryl gallate), but both cytocidal activity and cytopathic effect of the compounds were also significantly increased simultaneously. Among these compounds, octyl gallate showed a marked antiviral effect with a relatively moderate cytotoxity. In addition, octyl gallate suppressed the multiplication of RNA viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus. Quantitative characterization of the HSV-1 infection in the presence of octyl gallate revealed that: (1) this reagent can directly inactivate HSV-1 (virucidal activity), (2) it suppresses both the intracellar multiplication and the release of the virus, (3) it selectively accelerates death of the virus-infected cells and (4) the addition of the reagent even at 6-h post infection completely abolishes the formation of progeny virus in the infected cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Virology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Misao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uozaki
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katsuyama
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Tomihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuti
authors.forename: A Hajime
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C016627:octyl gallate; D005707:Gallic Acid