title: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is a potent inhibitor of the growth of light chain-secreting human multiple myeloma cells.
abstract: Multiple myeloma represents a malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, which often overproduces immunoglobulin light chains. We have shown previously that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) markedly suppresses the release of proinflammatory cytokines from light chain-stimulated human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and prevents the resulting tubule cell injury. In this study, we have shown that PACAP suppresses the proliferation of human kappa and lambda light chain-secreting multiple myeloma-derived cells. The addition of PACAP suppressed light chain-producing myeloma cell-stimulated interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion by the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). A specific antagonist to either the human PACAP-specific receptor or the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor attenuated the suppressive effect of PACAP on IL-6 production in the adhesion of human multiple myeloma cells to BMSCs. The secretion of IL-6 by BMSCs was completely inhibited by 10(-9) mol/L PACAP, which also attenuated the phosphorylation of both p42/44 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as well as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in response to the adhesion of multiple myeloma cells to BMSCs, whereas the inhibition of p42/44 MAPK signaling attenuated PACAP action. The signaling cascades involved in the inhibitory effect of PACAP on IL-6-mediated paracrine stimulation of light chain-secreting myeloma cell growth was mediated through the suppression of p38 MAPK as well as modulation of activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. These findings suggest that PACAP may be a new antitumor agent that directly suppresses light chain-secreting myeloma cell growth and indirectly affects tumor cell growth by modifying the bone marrow milieu of the multiple myeloma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2632, USA. minlee@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamachi
authors.forename: Vecihi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Batuman
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arimura
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains / Q000187:drug effects*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007147:Immunoglobulin Light Chains; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha