title: A polysomnography study of eszopiclone in elderly patients with insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of eszopiclone 2 mg in elderly patients (aged 64-86 years) with chronic insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-week study. Patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia and screening polysomnography criteria (wakefulness after sleep onset [WASO] >or= 20 min and latency to persistent sleep >or= 20 min) were randomized to 2 weeks of nightly treatment with eszopiclone 2 mg (n = 136) or placebo (n = 128). Efficacy was assessed using polysomnography (Nights 1, 2, 13, and 14) and patient reports (Nights 1-14); safety was assessed using adverse events, clinical labs, physical examination, and vital signs. The mean of all efficacy results during the double-blind period was used for the efficacy analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that eszopiclone was associated with significantly shorter sleep onset, less WASO, higher sleep efficiency, more total sleep time, and greater patient-reported quality and depth of sleep scores than placebo (p < 0.05 for all) with a trend in patient-reported morning sleepiness (p = 0.07). Other measures of daytime functioning (ability to function, daytime alertness, and sense of well-being) were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Among patients who napped, eszopiclone patients reported fewer naps (p = 0.03) and less cumulative naptime (median: 98 min placebo, 70 min eszopiclone, p = 0.07). Unpleasant taste, dry mouth, somnolence, and dizziness were higher in the eszopiclone group (12.5%, 8.8%, 6.6%, and 6.6%, respectively) than in the placebo group (0%, 1.6%, 5.5%, and 1.6%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, eszopiclone was well tolerated and produced significant improvements in both polysomnographic and patient-reported measures of sleep maintenance, sleep induction, and sleep duration in elderly patients with chronic primary insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. vmccall@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: W Vaughn
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erman
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Krystal
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Zammit
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wessel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000187:drug effects*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; D010919:Placebos; C515050:zopiclone