title: [The Portuguese version, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of specific quality-of-life questionnaire -AQUAREL - for pacemaker patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate, to make the cultural adaptation and to evaluate reproducibility and validity of the Portuguese version of the AQUAREL (Assessment of QUAlity of life and RELated events) questionnaire, which is a specific tool to assess quality of life in pacemaker patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 202 pacemaker patients: 63 patients during the cross-cultural adaptation stage and 139 during the reproducibility and validity evaluation stages. The questionnaire translation was reviewed repeatedly until > or = 85% of patients correctly understood the questions. Reproducibility of the final version was tested in 69 patients in whom the interview was performed twice by the same researcher. Validity was checked by the correlation between scores obtained in AQUAREL domains and those obtained in SF36 domains, in the functional class and the distance walked in the six-minute test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency of AQUAREL was adequate, with Cronbachs alpha coefficient varying between 0.59 and 0.85. Reproducibility was good, with high correlation coefficients (0.68-0.89) and random distribution of data in Bland and Altman plots, without systematic bias. A significant association was observed among AQUAREL domains and those obtained in SF36 domains and the functional class (p<0.01), although significant correlations with the distance walked in the six-minute test were not found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Portuguese version of the AQUAREL questionnaire is easy and rapid to apply, and could be used as a specific questionnaire to assess quality of life in pacemaker patients.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Escola de Enfermagem e Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Guimarães
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Jorge Gustavo Velasquez
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Melendez
authors.forename: Rozana Mesquita
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ciconelli
authors.forename: Leonor Garcia
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Rincón
authors.forename: Ana Amélia Soares
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Lidiane Aparecida Pereira
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: Antônio Luiz Pinho
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating