title: Epidemiology of adverse cutaneous drug reactions. A prospective study in hospitalized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug reactions are commonly present in the skin; however, their frequency in our setting is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-month prospective cohort study including all hospitalized patients was designed. Those with adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDR) were clinically identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty five drug reactions (prevalence of 0.7%) were seen among 4785 (2713 females, 2072 males) discharged patients. According to Begaud's imputability criteria, the reactions were most likely attributed to a drug in 4.87%, likely in 41.46% and possible in 53.65%. The most commonly seen dermatoses were morbilliform rash 51.2%, urticaria 12.2% and erythema multiforme 4.9%. Drugs most frequently associated with ACDR were amoxicillin clavulanate (8), amphotericin B (2) and metamizole (4). Expressed as risk by 1000 day-doses (Dd: the risk a patient has of developing an ACDR after receiving 1 day of treatment with the drug): amoxicillin clavulanate Dd 7.7, amphotericin B Dd 4.8 and metamizole Dd 3.7. Immunosuppressed patients were most frequently affected. Notably, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had a 4.68 higher risk (CI 95% 1.794-12.186 p <0.001) of developing an ACDR. AIDS patients showed a risk of 8.68 (CI 95% 2.18-33.19 p <0.001). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients also had an increased risk of developing an ACDR. Six of the 35 identified cases were patients who had been hospitalized due to a severe drug reaction (1.3/1000 patients); one died from complications directly related to the ACDR, representing a 16.6% mortality rate among those admitted for an ACDR and 0.02% among the global mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have a low prevalence of drug reactions compared to data reported in the literature. Pharmacovigilance with special attention to immunosuppressed SLE or AIDS patients is stressed.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández-Salazar
authors.forename: Samuel Ponce-de-Leon
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.forename: Sigfrido
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rangel-Frausto
authors.forename: Elia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Criollo
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Archer-Dubon
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orozco-Topete
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D019818:Clavulanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004177:Dipyrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D004177:Dipyrone; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000658:Amoxicillin