title: Continent catheterizable channels and the timing of their complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed our experience with continent catheterizable channels with interest in the timing of conduit related complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of the outcome of continent catheterizable channels in all patients between 1998 and 2003 who had undergone construction of an antegrade continence enema and/or a Mitrofanoff procedure using appendix, small bowel or continent cutaneous vesicostomy. We performed a total of 117 such stomas in 37 male and 41 female patients 2.5 to 20 years old (mean age 8.9). For the antegrade continence enema we used appendix in 92% of cases, an ileal Yang-Monti tube in 6% and a cecal tube in 2%. For the continent catheterizable channel we used appendix in 43% of cases, a Yang-Monti tube in 38% and continent cutaneous vesicostomy in 19%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Continence was achieved in 98% of patients. Followup was 6 to 71 months (mean 28.4). There were 27 channel related complications (23%). Stomal stenosis occurred in 7 antegrade continence enema procedures (14%) within 1 to 10 months (mean 6.2) and in 9 continent bladder channels (13%), including 5 continent cutaneous vesicostomies, within 1 to 24 months (mean 9.4) after surgery. False passages occurred in 5 antegrade continence enema procedures (10%) within 1 to 13 months (mean 3.6) and in 4 continent catheterizable channels (6%) within 1 to 13 months (mean 6.5) after surgery. Of patients with stomal stenosis 50% were treated with surgical revision, while the remainder was successfully treated with dilation. Most false passages were managed by catheter drainage alone. Reasons for revision were contained perforation, colovesical fistula and inability to catheterize. Patient noncompliance appeared to have a role in stomal stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continent catheterizable stomas help patients achieve bowel and bladder continence. Stomal incontinence after reconstruction is rare. In our experience most stoma related complications occurred in the first year after reconstruction. Experience with more patients and longer followup will help determine whether such problems continue to accumulate with time or whether continent stomas function well with time, particularly after the initial period of healing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, 2200 Children's Way, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. john.thomas@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trusler
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: DeMarco
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000473:pathology