Use of pesticides and its impact on health of farmers in South India.
The relationship between extent of pesticide use and signs and symptoms of illnesses due to exposure was assessed in a cross-sectional survey of 631 farmers (537 men and 94 women) in South India. Responses to questionnaires showed that 433 farmers (68.6%) sprayed pesticides themselves and were thus directly exposed. More than 75% used moderately or highly hazardous pesticides; 88% used no protection while handling pesticides. About 50% of sprayers mixed different brands. Retailers were the source of information about pesticides for 56%. The farmers reported excessive sweating (36.5%), burning/stinging/itching of eyes (35.7%), dry/sore throat (25.5%), and excessive salivation (14.1%), all more prevalent among sprayers. Among men, excessive sweating and eye and throat problems were significantly associated with exposure. There is a need to raise farmers' and authorities' awareness of the need to use protective gear when handling pesticides.
Chitra
Grace A
GA
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Muraleedharan
V R
VR
Swaminathan
T
T
Veeraraghavan
D
D
D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000383:Agriculture; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007306:Insecticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016272:Occupational Health; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007306:Insecticides