title: Long-term followup of visual internal urethrotomy for management of short (less than 1 cm) penile urethral strictures following hypospadias repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed the results of direct vision urethrotomy for short (less than 1 cm) penile urethral strictures following hypospadias surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with less than 1 cm anterior penile urethral strictures located proximal to the meatus underwent direct vision urethrotomy. Based on the type of initial urethroplasty patients were randomly divided into treatment with direct vision urethrotomy vs direct vision urethrotomy plus clean intermittent catheterization for 3 months. Success was defined as absent obstructive voiding symptoms and a normal urine flow 2 years following the last patient instrumentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of patients with urethral strictures following hypospadias repair 44% (32) had previously undergone tubularized graft urethroplasty and 56% (40) had previously undergone flap urethroplasty, including a tubularized island flap in 18, an onlay flap in 11 and urethral plate urethroplasty in 11. Direct vision urethrotomy alone was performed in 51% of patients (37), and direct vision urethrotomy and clean intermittent catheterization were performed in 49% (35). Success with the 2 methods was similar, that is 24% (9 of 37 patients) vs 22% (8 of 35). Following direct vision urethrotomy all patients with tubularized graft urethroplasty showed failure (0 of 32). Success was noted in 11% of patients (2 of 18) with tubularized island flap urethroplasty compared to 72% (8 of 11) with onlay urethroplasty and 63% (7 of 11) with urethral plate urethroplasty (each p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of clean intermittent catheterization to direct vision urethrotomy does not improve the likelihood of success. Direct vision urethrotomy for short (less than 1 cm) urethral stricture usually fails following any type of tubularized graft or flap urethroplasty but it had moderate success following onlay flap and urethral plate urethroplasties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55906, USA. dhusmann@mayo.edu
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Husmann
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rathbun
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014563:Urodynamics; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects*