Cerebral emboli and depressive symptoms in dementia.
BACKGROUND
The vascular depression hypothesis and our recent findings of increased frequency of spontaneous cerebral emboli in dementia suggest that such emboli may be involved in the causation of depressive symptoms in dementia.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the association between spontaneous cerebral emboli and depressive symptoms in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.


METHODS
In a cohort of 142 patients with dementia (72 with Alzheimer's disease and 70 with vascular dementia), the association between spontaneous cerebral emboli and clinically relevant depressive symptoms was examined using multiple logistic regression analyses.


RESULTS
Spontaneous cerebral emboli were significantly more frequent in the patients with clinically relevant depressive symptoms (66 v. 37%, P=0.03). After adjustment for age, gender, Mini-Mental State Examination score, type of dementia and significant cardiovascular risk factors, the relationship remained significant (OR=3.47, 95% CI 1.10-10.97).


CONCLUSIONS
Spontaneous cerebral emboli are associated with clinically relevant depressive symptoms in dementia, and further research is needed to explore the nature of this relationship.
Purandare
Nitin
N
University of Manchester, Division of Psychiatry, Education and Research Centre, South Manchester University Hospital, Manchester M23 9LT, UK. nitin.purandare@manchester.ac.uk
Voshaar
Richard C Oude
RC
Hardicre
Jayne
J
Byrne
Jane
J
McCollum
Charles
C
Burns
Alistair
A
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors