title: Effect of electric field during incubation of eggs on the immune responses of hatched chickens.
abstract: The effects of electric field (EF) during incubation of eggs on the immunocompetence of chickens were investigated over a 42-day experimental period. Eggs from a meat-type breeder flock were incubated under EF of 30 kV/m, 60 Hz during the first 18 days of incubation as compared with the control incubation (C). Chickens from the two incubation treatments were fed ad libitum and their immune system were monitored. Measurements were made of body weight (BW), and lymphoid organs weight (thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius (BOF)) of birds at 21 and 42 days of age. Immune systems of birds were tested for specific antibody responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) and Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV), in vivo T-lymphocyte proliferation responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and in vitro to concanavalin A (Con-A). EF incubation of eggs did not significantly (P > 0.05) influence BW of bird, absolute weight of lymphoid organs and weight of thymus, and BOF as a percentage of BW of bird (% BW) at 21 and 42 days of age, humoral immune responses as measured by antibody responses to SRBC and NDV, and cell-mediated immune responses as measured by T-lymphocyte proliferation responses to PHA, and Con-A of birds when compared with those of the C treatment. EF incubation of eggs significantly (P < 0.05) increased spleen weight as a % BW at 21 and 42 days of age when compared with those incubated under the C treatment. Birds at 42 days of age had significantly (P < 0.01) higher BW, lymphoid organ weight, and weight of BOF as a % BW, and lower spleen weight as a % BW when compared with those of 21 days of age. It is concluded that the incubation of eggs under EF of 30 kV/m, 60 Hz increased spleen weight as a % BW, without altering cell-mediated and humoral immune responses and, consequently, immunocompetence of meat chickens during the rearing period of 42 days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. tmshafey@ksu.edu.sa
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shafey
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Mufarej
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Batshan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002645:Chickens; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015053:Zygote / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects*