title: Seroepidemiological profile of pregnant women after inadvertent rubella vaccination in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2001-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze postvaccination serological status in pregnant women inadvertently vaccinated against rubella in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant women 15 to 29 years old, vaccinated against rubella and measles from November 2001 to March 2002, who were unaware of their pregnancy at the time of vaccination or who became pregnant within 30 days thereafter. They were tested for rubella-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) and classified as immune (IgM-negative, IgG-positive, tested within 30 days after vaccination), susceptible (IgM-positive after vaccination) or indeterminate (IgM-negative, IgG-positive, vaccination-serological testing interval greater than 30 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2 292 women, 288 (12.6%) were susceptible, 316 (13.8%) immune, 1 576 (68.8%) indeterminate, 8 (0.3%) ineligible, and 104 (4.5%) lost to follow-up. IgM seropositivity by vaccination-serological testing interval was 16.1% (</= 30 days), 15.4% (30-60 days), and 14.2% (61-90 days). Considering the campaign's target age, the 20-to-24-year age group had the largest proportion of individuals susceptible to rubella (14.8%) and represented 42.4% (122/288) of all susceptible women. In 75% of susceptible pregnant women, gestational age was 5 weeks or less at the time of vaccination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mass immunization of childbearing-age women was justified on the basis of epidemiological and serological data. Follow-up of vaccinated pregnant women revealed no cases of congenital rubella syndrome due to rubella vaccination. However, the observed rate of congenital infection supports the recommendation to avoid vaccinating pregnant women, and to avoid conception for up to 1 month following rubella vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Secretaria de Estado de Saúde, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Assessoria de Doenças Imunopreveníveis, Vigilância das Doenças Exantemáticas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gloria Regina
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: da Silva e Sá
authors.forename: Luiz Antonio Bastos
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Marilda M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Mônica S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Stavola
authors.forename: Daise Almeida
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012411:Rubella Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D012412:Rubella virus / Q000276:immunology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D012411:Rubella Vaccine