title: GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats.
abstract: The ever increasing use of cellular phones and the increasing number of associated base stations are becoming a widespread source of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. Some biological effects are likely to occur even at low-level EM fields. In this study, a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was used as an exposure environment for plane wave conditions of far-field free space EM field propagation at the GSM base transceiver station (BTS) frequency of 945 MHz, and effects on oxidative stress in rats were investigated. When EM fields at a power density of 3.67 W/m2 (specific absorption rate = 11.3 mW/kg), which is well below current exposure limits, were applied, MDA (malondialdehyde) level was found to increase and GSH (reduced glutathione) concentration was found to decrease significantly (p < 0.0001). Additionally, there was a less significant (p = 0.0190) increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) activity under EM exposure.
authors.affiliation: Tubitak-Uekae, EMC TEMPEST Test Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey. yurekli@uekae.tubitak.gov.tr
authors.forename: Ali Ihsan
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Yurekli
authors.forename: Mehmed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Tunaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.forename: Hale
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saybasili
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuncel
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atukeren
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gumustas
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001822:Body Burden; D040421:Cell Phone; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species