title: Regulation of Ncx1 expression. Identification of regulatory elements mediating cardiac-specific expression and up-regulation.
abstract: The Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) is up-regulated in hypertrophy and is often found up-regulated in end-stage heart failure. Studies have shown that the change in its expression contributes to contractile dysfunction. We have previously shown that the 1831-bp Ncx1 H1 (1831Ncx1) promoter directs cardiac-specific expression of the exchanger in both development and in the adult, and is sufficient for the up-regulation of Ncx1 in response to pressure overload. Here, we utilized adenoviral mediated gene transfer and transgenics to identify minimal regions and response elements that mediate Ncx1 expression in the heart. We demonstrate that the proximal 184 bp of the Ncx1 H1 (184Ncx1) promoter is sufficient for expression of reporter genes in adult cardiomyocytes and for the correct spatiotemporal pattern of Ncx1 expression in development but not for up-regulation in response to pressure overload. Mutational analysis revealed that both the -80 CArG and the -50 GATA elements were required for expression in isolated adult cardiomyocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in adult cardiocytes demonstrate that SRF and GATA4 are associated with the proximal region of the endogenous Ncx1 promoter. Transgenic lines were established for the 1831Ncx1 promoter-luciferase containing mutations in the -80 CArG or -50 GATA element. No luciferase activity was detected during development, in the adult, or after pressure overload in any of the -80 CArG transgenic lines. The Ncx1 -50 GATA mutant promoter was sufficient for driving the normal spatiotemporal pattern of Ncx1 expression in development and for up-regulation in response to pressure overload but importantly, expression was no longer cardiac restricted. This work is the first in vivo study that demonstrates which cis elements are important for Ncx1 regulation.
authors.affiliation: Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ludivine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.forename: Joachim G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Catalin F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Baicu
authors.forename: D Dirk
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Bonnema
authors.forename: Hongming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Christiana S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kappler
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kubalak
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zile
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Menick
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002415:Cats; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019831:Sodium-Calcium Exchanger; C110374:sodium-calcium exchanger 1