title: Body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of female collegiate swimmers and divers.
abstract: This study determined the effect of training on body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of eumenorrheic female collegiate swimmers (n = 18) and divers (n = 6) preseason and after 16 wk of training. Athletes trained on dryland (resistance, strength, flexibility) 3 d/wk, 1.5 h/d and in-water 6 d/wk, nine, 2-h sessions per week (6400 to 10,000 kJ/d). Body-mass index (kg/m2; P = 0.05), waist and hip circumferences (P < or = 0.0001), whole body fat mass (P = 0.0002), and percentage body fat (P < or = 0.0001) decreased, whereas lean mass increased (P = 0.028). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we found no change in regional lean mass, but fat decreased at the waist (P = 0.0002), hip (P = 0.0002), and thigh (P = 0.002). Energy intake (10,061 +/- 3617 kJ/d) did not change, but dietary quality improved with training, as reflected by increased intakes of fiber (P = 0.036), iron (P = 0.015), vitamin C (P = 0.029), vitamin B-6 (P = 0.032), and fruit (P = 0.003). Iron status improved as reflected by slight increases in hemoglobin (P = 0.046) and hematocrit (P = 0.014) and decreases in serum transferrin receptor (P < or = 0.0001). Studies are needed to further evaluate body composition and iron status in relation to dietary intake in female swimmers.
authors.affiliation: Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Heidi L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: C Ted
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Manju B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Kathy B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: Rick L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: D Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Alekel
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008572:Menarche / Q000502:physiology; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D007501:Iron