title: Visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex: a diagnostic tool for migraine vestibulopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1) To compare the incidence of elevated visually enhanced vestibular-ocular reflex (VVOR) rotational gain during rotational chair testing in a normal control group versus a group of patients diagnosed with migraine vestibulopathy; 2) to discuss the possible application of VVOR gain during rotational chair testing for diagnosing migraine vestibulopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective normal control group and retrospective cohort comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  1) Prospective rotational chair studies including VVOR in 20 normal control patients; 2) retrospective review of vestibular studies including VVOR in 100 consecutive patients with migraine vestibulopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty of the normal controls and 69 of the migraine vestibulopathy patients met all inclusion criteria. One of 20 (5%) normal control patients had elevated VVOR gain, whereas 49 of 69 (71%) of migraine vestibulopathy patients had elevated VVOR gain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VVOR gain normal criteria were appropriate in 95% of our normal control test group. VVOR gain was more frequently elevated in migraine vestibulopathy patients than in the normal controls, and the difference was significant (P < .001). VVOR gain elevation was the most common vestibular test abnormality in this cohort of patients with migraine vestibulopathy. Because VVOR measures visual-vestibular interaction and its central connections, this parameter may be a useful diagnostic tool for migraine vestibulopathy in patients manifesting disequilibrium and motion sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Pittsburgh Ear Associates, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. tec8lote@aol.com
authors.forename: Moisés A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arriaga
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kunschner
authors.forename: Rebecca Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Arriaga
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004244:Dizziness / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012399:Rotation; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests