title: Telemedicine-friendly, portable tonometers: an evaluation for intraocular pressure screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings from two portable, telemedicine-friendly tonometers for suitability in glaucoma screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  213 eyes of 107 consenting patients attending an eye clinic were tested with an I-care tonometer and a Pulsair-Easy Eye puff-air tonometer. Gold standard IOP was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). Effect of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and refractive errors on IOP measurements were also analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean difference of IOP by GAT and both the portable tonometers was +/- 2.2 mmHg. The analysis indicates minimal difference between IOP readings of both the portable tonometers. The mean difference between two consecutive readings by I-care was 0.01 mmHg. Using 21 mmHg as a threshold for suspected glaucoma, both the portable digital tonometers reported a sensitivity of 38% and specificity of >95%. In the subjects studied, central corneal thickness had statistically significant influence on IOP measurements while refractive errors and anterior chamber depth had no significant influence on IOP measurements with any tonometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IOP readings by both portable tonometers are comparable and were within clinically acceptable range from GAT. These portable tonometers are useful tools for IOP screening.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence in e-Medicine, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia. sajeesh@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Sajeesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Middlemiss
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulsara
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guibilato
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tay-Kearney
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Constable
authors.forename: Kanagasingam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yogesan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation*