Biochemical properties and pathophysiological roles of cytosolic phospholipase A2s.
Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) (EC 3.1.1.4) catalyzes hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of glycerophospholipids. The enzyme is essential for the production of two classes of lipid mediators, fatty acid metabolites and lysophospholipid-related lipids, as well as being involved in the remodeling of membrane phospholipids. Among many mammalian PLA(2)s, cytosolic PLA(2)alpha (cPLA(2)alpha) plays a critical role in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions through generating lipid mediators. Here, we summarize the in vivo significance of cPLA(2)alpha, revealed from the phenotypes of cPLA(2)alpha-null mice, and properties of newly discovered cPLA(2) family enzymes. We also briefly introduce a quantitative lipidomics strategy using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, a powerful tool for the comprehensive analysis of lipid mediators.
Kita
Yoshihiro
Y
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Ohto
Takayo
T
Uozumi
Naonori
N
Shimizu
Takao
T
D000818:Animals; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D020404:Glycerophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
D020404:Glycerophospholipids; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2