title: The risk of carotid endarterectomy in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been associated with less favorable outcome in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). The authors compared results of CEA in the presence and absence of CRI at their institution over a 5-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article is a retrospective review of 1351 patients who underwent CEA between 1998 and 2004. Chronic renal insufficiency was present in 143 patients. Renal insufficiency was graded as mild (creatinine 1.6-2.9 mg/dL) or severe (creatinine > or = 3.0 mg/dL or on hemodialysis). The composite endpoint was stroke or death within 30 days postoperatively. The results were compared with 150 consecutive patients having CEA in the absence of renal insufficiency between 2002 and 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 143 patients with CRI, the composite endpoint was 9.0%, whereas the composite endpoint for the 150 control patients without CRI was 2.6% (p = 0.032). For patients with severe CRI (creatinine > or = 3.0 or on hemodialysis), the composite endpoint was 19.0% (p = 0.08). For those with mild CRI (creatinine 1.6-2.9), the composite endpoint was 7.3% (p = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic renal insufficiency is associated with increased incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, and death after CEA. For patients with advanced CRI, carotid artery stenting (CAS) or aggressive medical management may be alternative treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18105-1556, USA. sally.lutz@lvh.com
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tarakji
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConaughy
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Nicholas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine