title: Decreased quality of life and depression as predictors for shorter survival among patients with low-grade gliomas: a follow-up from 1990 to 2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term survival of brain tumor patients, and in particular to evaluate the relation of quality of life (QOL) to survival among low-grade glioma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The postoperative survival of 101 brain tumor patients was followed from surgery (1990-1992) until the end of the year 2003. Depression was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and QOL with Sintonen's 15D scale before operation and at one year as well as at five years after operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean survival times in years (SD) were significantly related to tumor malignancy, being the shortest, 1.9 (0.6), for patients with high-grade gliomas, while patients with low-grade gliomas or a benign brain tumor had mean survival times of 9.1 (1.0) and 11.6 (0.5), respectively. At all follow-ups, depressed low-grade glioma patients had a significantly shorter survival time, 3.3-5.8 years, compared to non-depressed low-grade glioma patients, 10.0-11.7 years. A decreased level of QOL in low-grade glioma patients was significantly related to the shorter survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that depression and decreased QOL among low-grade glioma patients is related to shorter survival at long-term follow-up. Decreased QOL may serve as an indicator for poor prognosis in low-grade glioma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland. arja.mainio@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mainio
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuunanen
authors.forename: Helinä
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakko
authors.forename: Asko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koivukangas
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Räsänen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005910:Glioma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis