title: Prevalence of newer beta-lactamases in gram-negative clinical isolates collected in the United States from 2001 to 2002.
abstract: Newer beta-lactamases such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), transferable AmpC beta-lactamases, and carbapenemases are associated with laboratory testing problems of false susceptibility that can lead to inappropriate therapy for infected patients. Because there appears to be a lack of awareness of these enzymes, a study was conducted during 2001 to 2002 in which 6,421 consecutive, nonduplicate clinical isolates of aerobically growing gram-negative bacilli from patients at 42 intensive care unit (ICU) and 21 non-ICU sites across the United States were tested on-site for antibiotic susceptibility. From these isolates, 746 screen-positive isolates (11.6%) were referred to a research facility and investigated to determine the prevalence of ESBLs in all gram-negative isolates, transferable AmpC beta-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae, and carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae. The investigations involved phenotypic tests, isoelectric focusing, beta-lactamase inhibitor studies, spectrophotometric assays, induction assays, and molecular analyses. ESBLs were detected only in Enterobacteriaceae (4.9% of all Enterobacteriaceae) and were found in species other than those currently recommended for ESBL testing by the CLSI (formerly NCCLS). These isolates occurred at 74% of the ICU sites and 43% of the non-ICU sites. Transferable AmpC beta-lactamases were detected in 3.3% of K. pneumoniae isolates and at 16 of the 63 sites (25%) with no difference between ICU and non-ICU sites. Three sites submitted isolates that produced class A carbapenemases. No class B or D carbapenemases were detected. In conclusion, organisms producing ESBLs and transferable AmpC beta-lactamases were widespread. Clinical laboratories must be able to detect important beta-lactamases to ensure optimal patient care and infection control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Center for Research in Anti-Infectives and Biotechnology, CRAB, School of Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Moland
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Ashfaque
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Wonkeun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C048795:AmpC beta-lactamases; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C063912:carbapenemase