title: [False negative diagnosis of HIV-1].
abstract: We report a case of a false negative diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in an African girl. Two HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were negative at the second and fourth months of life. Because anti-HIV antibodies persisted when the patient was 18 months old, the HIV-1 RNA PCR test was performed with a positive result, confirming HIV-1 non-B subtype, recombinant A-G. The prevalence of non-B HIV-1 subtypes are increasing in Spain, which could be related to the phenomenon of immigration. Approximately one-third of HIV-infected foreigners have non-B subtypes and the percentage increases to 70 % of the African population in Spain. In non-B HIV-1 subtypes, false negative results and inconsistencies between viral load and CD4 count are more frequent. These subtypes also show a higher rate of resistance to protease inhibitors, which can have therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Díaz Pernas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riesco Riesco
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larrú Martínez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fernández
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Bujalance
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: de José Gómez
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn