title: Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis.
abstract: Draft genome sequences have been determined for the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae and the sudden oak death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Oömycetes such as these Phytophthora species share the kingdom Stramenopila with photosynthetic algae such as diatoms, and the presence of many Phytophthora genes of probable phototroph origin supports a photosynthetic ancestry for the stramenopiles. Comparison of the two species' genomes reveals a rapid expansion and diversification of many protein families associated with plant infection such as hydrolases, ABC transporters, protein toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and, in particular, a superfamily of 700 proteins with similarity to known oömycete avirulence genes.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. bmtyler@vt.edu
authors.forename: Brett M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tyler
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authors.forename: Konstantinos
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authors.lastname: Krampis
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authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
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authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Mónica
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authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Harold J G
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authors.lastname: Meijer
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authors.lastname: Nordberg
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authors.lastname: Ospina-Giraldo
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authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Vipaporn
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authors.lastname: Phuntumart
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authors.lastname: Putnam
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authors.lastname: Rash
authors.forename: Jocelyn K C
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Yasuko
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authors.lastname: Sakihama
authors.forename: Asaf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Salamov
authors.forename: Alon
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authors.lastname: Savidor
authors.forename: Chantel F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Scheuring
authors.forename: Brian M
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authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Bruno W S
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Sobral
authors.forename: Astrid
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authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: Trudy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Torto-Alalibo
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Win
authors.forename: Zhanyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Grigoriev
authors.forename: Daniel S
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authors.lastname: Rokhsar
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authors.lastname: Boore
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005075:Biological Evolution; D048028:DNA, Algal / Q000235:genetics*; D005796:Genes; D016678:Genome; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D048028:DNA, Algal; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D006867:Hydrolases