title: On effects of trawling, benthos and sampling design.
abstract: The evidence for the wider effects of fishing on the marine ecosystem demands that we incorporate these considerations into our management of human activities. The consequences of the direct physical disturbance of the seabed caused by towed bottom-fishing gear have been studied extensively with over 100 manipulations reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The outcome of these studies varies according to the gear used and the habitat in which it was deployed. This variability in the response of different benthic systems concurs with established theoretical models of the response of community metrics to disturbance. Despite this powerful evidence, a recent FAO report wrongly concludes that the variability in the reported responses to fishing disturbance mean that no firm conclusion as to the effects of fishing disturbance can be made. This thesis is further supported (incorrectly) by the supposition that current benthic sampling methodologies are inadequate to demonstrate the effects of fishing disturbance on benthic systems. The present article addresses these two erroneous conclusions which may confuse non-experts and in particular policy-makers.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. j.s.gray@bio.uio.no
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dayton
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thrush
authors.forename: Michel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D005398:Fisheries / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D014480:United Nations