title: In utero magnetic resonance of non-isolated ventriculomegaly: Does ventricular size or morphology reflect pathology?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm whether ventricular size or morphology reflects the underlying pathology in foetuses referred with a diagnosis of possible ventriculomegaly (Vm) and central nervous system (CNS) pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 40 in utero magnetic resonance (MR) examinations was undertaken. Ventricular size was measured on axial sections by two observers, and morphology was agreed by consensus. Results were analysed according to gestational age at referral, degree of Vm (mild 10-15 mm, moderate/severe >15 mm) and morphology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine cases had no Vm (mean gestational age 23.6 weeks, range 19-33), 17 had mild Vm (mean age 23.9 weeks, range 20-31), and 14 had moderate/severe Vm (mean age 25.9 weeks, range 20-35). All groups had a mix of morphology and pathology. Eighteen suspected cases of spina bifida were referred and 17 confirmed (mean age 22.6 weeks, range 19-30) using MR. The morphology was mixed, five cases (27.8%) had an angular appearance (this morphology was only seen in cases with spina bifida). Fourteen cases (77.8%) had Vm (eight mild, six severe). Of the thirteen cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) suspected on ultrasound, seven were confirmed using MR (mean age 26.5 weeks, range 20-35). Of those seven cases with ACC confirmed on MR, and three additional cases only detected by in utero MR, five had colpocephaly, seven had Vm (four mild, three severe).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severity of Vm did not reflect the type, or presence, of underlying pathology. Morphology appears an indicator of pathology. Angular ventricles should initiate a search for spinal defects. Colpocephaly may indicate ACC.
authors.affiliation: Acadamic Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. samrickard@tiscali.co.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rickard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Whitby
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies