title: Caryophyllene-rich rhizome oil of Zingiber nimmonii from South India: Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity.
abstract: Volatile oil from the rhizomes of Zingiber nimmonii (J. Graham) Dalzell was isolated, characterized by analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Sixty-five constituents accounting for 97.5% of the oil were identified. Z. nimmonii rhizome oil is a unique caryophyllene-rich natural source with isomeric caryophyllenes, beta-caryophyllene (42.2%) and alpha-humulene (alpha-caryophyllene, 27.7%), as its major constituents along with traces of isocaryophyllene. The rhizome oil contained 71.2% sesquiterpenes, 14.2% oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 8.9% monoterpenes, 1.9% oxygenated monoterpenes and 1.3% non-terpenoid constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was tested against human and plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The oil showed significant inhibitory activity against the fungi, Candida glabrata, C. albicans and Aspergillus niger and the bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No activity was observed against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum.
authors.affiliation: Phytochemistry Division, Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode, Thiruvananthapuram 695 562, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Baby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sabulal
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.forename: Anil John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: J
authors.forename: Rajani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurup
authors.forename: Nediyamparambu Sukumaran
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: Renju Krishna
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Valsamma
authors.forename: Varughese
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D007194:India; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D030521:Zingiberaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010938:Plant Oils; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C024714:caryophyllene