title: Toxicity of hexachlorobenzene and its transference from microalgae (Chlorella kessleri) to crabs (Chasmagnathus granulatus).
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the transference of hexachlorobenzene from a green alga (Chlorella kessleri) to an estuary crab (Chasmagnathus granulatus), and to analyze the toxic effects that the xenobiotic has on the latter. The effect of hexachlorobenzene uptake was evaluated measuring oxidative stress, Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity and morphometric parameter alteration, and also performing a histological analysis of crab hepatopancreas. Results demonstrated that hexachlorobenzene enters the alga, is accumulated in it, and then transferred into the crab, causing a decrease in Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity in both organisms. The high malondialdehyde levels detected in crab hepatopancreas after the toxic treatment suggested the existence of hexachlorobenzene-induced lipid peroxidation. Antioxidant defenses such as superoxide dismutase activity and reduced glutathione content fell below normal values on the fourth week of treatment. At the same time, the hepatosomatic index, used as a morphometric parameter, reduced 20% with respect to the control. The histological analysis revealed epithelium disorganization in hepatopancreas tubules, confirming the existence of structural damage caused by hexachlorobenzene.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pab. 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina. gchaufan@qb.fcen.uba.ar
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaufan
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Juárez
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basack
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ithuralde
authors.forename: Sebastián E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.forename: Griselda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: María L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Oneto
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kesten
authors.forename: María Del Camen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Ríos de Molina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D003386:Brachyura / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002708:Chlorella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020387:Food Chain; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015262:Xenobiotics; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione