title: [Effect of acute exposure to microwave from mobile phone on DNA damage and repair of cultured human lens epithelial cells in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the DNA damage of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) caused by acute exposure to low-power 217 Hz modulated 1.8 GHz microwave radiation and DNA repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured LECs were exposed to 217 Hz modulated 1.8 GHz microwave radiation at SAR (specific absorption rate) of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 W/kg for 2 hours in an sXc-1800 incubator and irradiate system. The DNA single strand breaks were detected with comet assay in sham-irradiated cells and irradiated cells incubated for varying periods: 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after irradiation. Images of comets were digitized and analyzed using an Imagine-pro plus software, and the indexes used in this study were tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference in DNA-breaks between the exposure and sham exposure groups induced by 1 and 2 W/kg irradiation was not significant at every detect time (P > 0.05). As for the dosage of 3 and 4 W/kg there was difference in both group immediately after irradiation (P < 0.01). At the time of 30 min after irradiation the difference went on at both group (P < 0.01). However, the difference disappeared after one hour's incubation in 3 W/kg group (P > 0.05), and existed in 4 W/kg group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No or repairable DNA damage was observed after 2 hour irradiation of 1.8 GHz microwave on LECs when SAR < or = 3 W/kg. The DNA damages caused by 4 W/kg irradiation were irreversible.
authors.affiliation: The Eye Center, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Li-xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Ji-liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: De-qiang
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Kai-jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hong-wu
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000166:cytology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008872:Microwaves