Roles for accessory molecules in microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors.
The Toll family of receptors recognizes a variety of microbial products and triggers immune responses. Recent progress has revealed a requirement for accessory molecules in microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) recognition requires LPS binding protein (LBP), CD14, and MD-2. MD-2 is directly involved in ligand-binding and subsequent receptor activation, whereas LBP and CD14 control ligand presentation to the receptor complex, Toll-like receptor (TLR4)/MD-2. CD14 and LBP influence the amplitude of LPS responses and LPS-induced type I interferon production. TLR2 is also reported to require similar accessory molecules. Innate immune responses to microbial products driven by TLRs are controlled by accessory molecules working upstream of TLRs.
Miyake
Kensuke
K
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. kmiyake@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology*; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein