title: Differential expression of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in human motoneurons at low and high risk of degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: Glutamate excitotoxicity has been suggested to play a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, since overstimulation of post-synaptic glutamate receptors by accumulated extracellular glutamate leads to motoneuron cell death. It is however unclear as to why some groups of motoneurons degenerate in this disease while other groups remain relatively intact even during terminal stages of the disease. Our previous studies in the rat showed differential expression of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in motoneurons at low and high risk of degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here we have extended this study to normal human brains. In situ hybridization showed that transcripts of both metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 1 and mGluR5 were expressed in motoneurons in both the resistant motor nucleus III and the vulnerable motor nucleus XII. Immunolabeling of mGluR1alpha and mGluR5 was found in both motoneurons and glia-like cells in all the motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the cervical spinal cord studied. Quantitative analysis of optical density measurements showed higher levels of mGluR1alpha protein expression but lower levels of mGluR5 protein expression in the vulnerable motoneuron pool (VII, XII and spinal cord) than in the resistant motoneuron pool (III, IV and VI). This differential expression of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor proteins within vulnerable motoneuron pools may predispose these neurons to degeneration as seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy with Radiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ostrovsky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lipski
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: L F B
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology*; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C578935:GRM5 protein, human; C578937:Grm5 protein, rat; D064529:Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase