title: Levels of cystathionine gamma lyase production by Geotrichum candidum in synthetic media and correlation with the presence of sulphur flavours in cheese.
abstract: Geotrichum candidum is a cheese-ripening agent with the potential to produce sulphur flavour compounds in soft cheeses. We aimed to develop an alternative test for predicting the aromatic (sulphur flavours) potential of G. candidum strains in soft cheese. Twelve strains of G. candidum with different levels of demethiolase activity (determined by a chemical method) in YEL-met (yeast extract, lactate methionine) medium were studied. We investigated cgl (cystathionine gamma lyase) gene expression after culture in three media - YEL-met, casamino acid and curd media - and then carried out sensory analysis on a Camembert cheese matrix. We found no correlation between demethiolase activity in vitro and cgl gene expression. Sensory analysis (detection of sulphur flavours) identified different aromatic profiles linked to cgl expression, but not to demethiolase activity. The RT-PCR technique described here is potentially useful for predicting the tendency of a given strain of G. candidum to develop sulphur flavours in cheese matrix. This is the first demonstration that an in vitro molecular approach could be used as a predictive test for evaluating the potential of G. candidum strains to generate sulphur compounds in situ (Camembert cheese matrix).
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire, EA 3213, Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen cedex, France. stephanie.gente@unicaen.fr
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gente
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Carbona
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guéguen
mesh_terms: D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D003470:Culture Media; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005848:Geotrichum / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; C005231:methylmercaptan; D003542:Cystathionine gamma-Lyase