title: Meat, milk, saturated fatty acids, the Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms of the PPARgamma gene and colorectal cancer risk in Japanese.
abstract: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) gene plays important roles in energy homeostasis. To examine interactions between consumption of foods and fatty acids and the Pro12Ala and C161T (His447His) polymorphisms for colorectal cancer, we performed two case-control studies in Japanese. In study 1, there were 128 colorectal cancer cases and 238 non-cancer controls, and in study 2 there were 257 cases and 771 (age- and sex-matched) non-cancer controls. Assessment of food and nutrients consumption in study 1 was via a nine-item questionnaire, while in study 2 assessment of consumption was according to a more detailed semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of foods and fatty acids was divided into low, moderate and high groups. The overall frequency of the Ala allele was <4%, and the frequencies of the Pro/Pro + C/C and Pro/Pro + (C/T + T/T) genotypes were 70-73% and 20-26%, respectively. Compared with subjects with low meat intake and the Pro/Pro + C/C genotype, those with high meat consumption and the same genotype had a stronger increased risk in study 1 [OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.14-7.30; P for trend = 0.02], but a positive association with processed meat consumption was greatest in those with the Pro/Pro + (C/T + T/T) genotype (P for trend = 0.05) in study 2. Likewise, high consumption of saturated fatty acids and milk appeared to confer marginal increased risk and stronger decreased risk, respectively, in those with the Pro/Pro and Pro/Pro + C/C genotypes (OR, 1.35 and 0.65; 95% CI, 0.93-1.96 and 0.43-1.00; P for trend = 0.10 and 0.06). Further large-scale studies are needed to determine colorectal cancer risk according to relationships between the PPARgamma gene polymorphisms and dietary intakes of meat, processed meat, milk and saturated fatty acids in Japanese with very low frequency of the Ala allele.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan. kkuriki@aichi-cc.jp
authors.forename: Kiyonori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuriki
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanemitsu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamajima
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takezaki
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D047495:PPAR gamma