title: Effect of inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and oxatomide on immune mediated otitis media.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory mediators (IMs) play a major role in the production of middle ear effusion (MEE). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and leukotrienes (LTs) appear to be important in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion (OME). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of TNF-alpha and LT antagonist on the outcome of experimental immune-mediated OME.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Otitis media was induced in rats by injecting keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) transtympanically 7 days after systemic immunization. Experimental groups were treated with soluble TNF receptor type I (sTNF RI) or oxatomide simultaneously. Seventy-two hours after transtympanic injection, MEE was aspirated, and temporal bone was taken. Vascular permeability (VP) of the middle ear mucosa was measured using the Evans blue dye technique. Hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemical stain for leukocyte common antigen was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In KLH, sTNF RI, and oxatomide groups, MEE was developed in 83%, 0%, and 66% of the ears, respectively. The sTNF RI group showed significant decrease in effusion production, inflammation, mucosal thickening, and VP compared with the KLH group. These parameters were less significant in the oxatomide group than in the sTNF RI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transtympanic administration of sTNF RI and oxatomide appears to suppress the development of immune-mediated MEE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-HNS, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyeon-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Auo
authors.forename: Eun-Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Ki-Hong
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Seung Kyun
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D005070:Evans Blue; D006433:Hemocyanins; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010784:Photomicrography; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005070:Evans Blue; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin; C015408:oxatomide