title: A once-daily lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimen provides noninferior antiviral activity compared with a twice-daily regimen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and noninferiority and to explore the efficacy of administration of once-daily versus twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1-infected subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, open-label, multicenter, comparative study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety antiretroviral-naive subjects with plasma HIV-1 RNA level >1000 copies/mL and any CD4 cell count were randomized to lopinavir/ritonavir at a dose of 800/200 mg administered once daily (n = 115) or lopinavir/ritonavir at a dose of 400/100 mg administered twice daily (n = 75). Subjects also received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) at a dose of 300 mg and emtricitabine (FTC) at a dose of 200 mg administered once daily.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA level and CD4 count were 4.8 log10 copies/mL and 216 cells/mm, respectively. Before week 48, 20% (once daily) and 29% (twice daily) subjects discontinued. Virologic responses of the subjects through 48 weeks were comparable; 70% (once daily) and 64% (twice daily) achieved an HIV-1 RNA level <50 copies/mL by intent-to-treat, noncompleter = failure analysis. No subject demonstrated LPV or TDF resistance, but 3 subjects (2 in the once-daily group, 1 in the twice-daily group) demonstrated FTC resistance. Mean increases in CD4 count were similar. Diarrhea (16% in the once-daily group, 5% in the twice-daily group; P = 0.036) was the most common moderate or severe study drug-related adverse event.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Through 48 weeks, a once-daily regimen of lopinavir/ritonavir + TDF + FTC appears to have similar virologic and immunologic responses in antiretroviral-naive subjects as the same regimen with lopinavir/ritonavir administered twice daily. Both regimens were relatively well tolerated, and no LPV or TDF resistance was observed.
authors.affiliation: Royal Free Center for HIV Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gathe
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Podzamczer
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Christian T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: Yi-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Podsadecki
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Brun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D011744:Pyrimidinones; D061466:Lopinavir; D019438:Ritonavir