title: Antibodies against glutathione S-transferase T1 in non-solid organ transplanted patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article describes the presence of antibodies against glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) in a group of patients who never received a solid organ graft. These antibodies have been previously detected in liver and kidney transplant subjects with donor-recipient mismatch for this enzyme at the genetic level. In liver-grafted subjects, the appearance of these antibodies correlated with de novo immune hepatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To obtain some insights in this phenomenon, the clinical records of these patients were reviewed, and the possible causes leading to the production of these antibodies and possible clinical consequences were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical situation of these patients was very heterogeneous, but they had in common the need for transfusions or a previous pregnancy. GSTT1 antigen is present in red blood cells, liver, kidney, and other tissues. Because the presence of the GSTT1-null allele in seven of these patients has been demonstrated, it can be hypothesized that both GSTT1-positive transfusions or pregnancy of a GSTT1-positive fetus could induce these antibodies. Because the recipient is allele-null, no adverse effects in the host are expected to occur. The longest follow-up (5 years) shows no antibody-derived diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that anti-GSTT1 can appear in a context different from the previously published alloreactivity after liver and kidney transplantation, as a consequence of transfusions and pregnancies. So far, no adverse clinical outcomes in our patients have been observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Andalusian Service of Health, Seville, Spain. iws2002@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernardos
authors.forename: Emilio J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: García Núñez
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vigil
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Magariño
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Magariño
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Núñez-Roldán
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007518:Isoantibodies; D007519:Isoantigens; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase