title: Clinical evaluation of dietary modification for treatment of spontaneous chronic kidney disease in cats.
abstract: Objective-To determine whether a renal diet modified in protein, phosphorus, sodium, and lipid content was superior to an adult maintenance diet in minimizing uremic episodes and mortality rate in cats with stage 2 or 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design-Double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Animals-45 client-owned cats with spontaneous stage 2 or 3 CKD. Procedures-Cats were randomly assigned to an adult maintenance diet (n = 23 cats) or a renal diet (22) and evaluated trimonthly for up to 24 months. Efficacy of the renal diet, compared with the maintenance diet, in minimizing uremia, renal-related deaths, and all causes of death was evaluated. Results-Serum urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly lower and blood bicarbonate concentrations were significantly higher in the renal diet group at baseline and during the 12- and 24-month intervals. Significant differences were not detected in body weight; Hct; urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; and serum creatinine, potassium, calcium, and parathyroid hormone concentrations. A significantly greater percentage of cats fed the maintenance diet had uremic episodes (26%), compared with cats fed the renal diet (0%). A significant reduction in renal-related deaths but not all causes of death was detected in cats fed the renal diet. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The renal diet evaluated in this study was superior to an adult maintenance diet in minimizing uremic episodes and renalrelated deaths in cats with spontaneous stage 2 or 3 CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Sheri J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: Lori A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Polzin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002415:Cats; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014511:Uremia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary