title: Evaluation of ultrasound lung comets by hand-held echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) are a clinically useful sign of extravascular lung water. They require very limited technology (2 D-echo), and a short learning curve. The aim of the present study is to compare ULCs information obtained by experienced echocardiologists using a full feature echocardiographic platform and by inexperienced sonographers using a hand-held echocardiography system.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 consecutive in-hospital patients underwent, within 15' and in random order, 2 ultrasound examinations for ULCs by 2 observers with different specific expertise and different technology: 1) "high-tech veteran": ULCs assessment with full feature echocardiographic platform (HP Sonos 7500 Philips Medical Systems, Andover, MA, USA) by a trained echocardiologist, with > or =2 years expertise in ULCs assessment and accredited by the European Association of Echocardiography; 2) and a "low-tech beginner": ULCs assessment with hand-held echocardiography (Optigo; Philips, Andover, MA) by an echocardiographer with very limited (30') dedicated training on ULCs assessment. In each patient, ULC score was obtained by summing the number of comets from each of the scanning spaces in the anterior right and left hemithorax, from the second to the fifth intercostal space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant, tight correlation (r = .958, p < 0.001) between the 2 observations in the same patient by "high-tech veteran" and "low-tech beginner".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ULCs are equally reliable in the hands of highly experienced echocardiologists using full feature echocardiographic platforms and in the hands of absolute beginners with miniaturized, compact, and battery-equipped echocardiographic systems. From the technological and expertise viewpoint, ULCs are the "kindergarten" of echocardiography, ideally suited for bedside evaluation of patients with both known or suspected heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Imola Hospital, Imola, Italy. bedetti@osp.imola.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bedetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gargani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corbisiero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frassi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poggianti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mottola
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged