title: Individual differences in drug abuse vulnerability: d-amphetamine and sensation-seeking status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the personality dimensions of novelty seeking and sensation seeking are associated with drug abuse vulnerability, the mechanisms associated with this vulnerability remain obscure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine in healthy volunteers scoring in the upper and lower quartiles based on age- and gender-adjusted population norms on the impulsive Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS) of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman personality questionnaire (ZKPQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed 7-day outpatient studies examining the subjective, performance, and cardiovascular effects of d-amphetamine (0, 7.5, and 15 mg/70 kg, p.o.) under double-blind conditions according to a randomized block design. Performance tasks included behavioral measures of impulsivity, including attention, inhibition, and risk-taking behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences in baseline performance or d-amphetamine effects on measures of attention, inhibition, and risk-taking behavior were observed. High impulsive sensation seekers reported greater increases on several subjective report measures associated with drug abuse potential, including visual analog scales feel drug, like drug, and high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy adults scoring in the top quartile on the population of the impulsive SSS of the ZKPQ may be vulnerable to the abuse potential of d-amphetamine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA. thkelly@uky.edu
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fillmore
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Nancy G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rush
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000661:Amphetamine