title: Rugosin E, an ellagitannin, inhibits MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway.
abstract: In this study, we first report the chemopreventive effect of rugosin E in human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Treatment with rugosin E decreased the cell proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Rugosin E treatment arrested MDA-MB-231 cells at G0/G1 phase. This effect was strongly associated with concomitant decrease in the level of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin E, cdk2, cdk4, and cdk6, and increase of p21/WAF1. In addition, rugosin E also induced apoptotic cell death. Rugosin E increased in the expression of Bax, Bak, and Bcl-Xs, but decreased the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L), and subsequently triggered mitochondria apoptotic pathway (release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-9, and caspase-3). In addition, pre-treatment of cells with caspase-9 inhibitor blocked rugosin E-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis, indicating caspase-9 activation was involved in rugosin E-mediated MDA-MB-231 cells apoptosis. Rugosin E inhibited the constitutively activated and inducible NF-kappaB in both its DNA-binding activity and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, rugosin E also inhibited the TNF-alpha-activated NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression of cyclin D1, c-Myc, XIAP, Bcl-2, and Bcl-X(L) were all downregulated by rugosin E. Our results indicated that rugosin E inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB, and this may provide a molecular basis for drug development in the prevention and treatment of cancer by rugosin E.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Ya-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Ta-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.forename: Yin-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chun-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C106155:rugosin E