title: Risk of tooth loss after cigarette smoking cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the effect of cigarette smoking cessation on risk of tooth loss. We examined how risk of tooth loss changed with longer periods of smoking abstinence in a prospective study of oral health in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research subjects were 789 men who participated in the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study from 1968 to 2004. Tooth status and smoking status were determined at examinations performed every 3 years, for a maximum follow-up time of 35 years. Risk of tooth loss subsequent to smoking cessation was assessed sequentially at 1-year intervals with multivariate proportional hazards regression models. Men who never smoked cigarettes, cigars, or pipes formed the reference group. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, education, total pack-years of cigarette exposure, frequency of brushing, and use of floss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hazard ratio for tooth loss was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-3.1) among men who smoked cigarettes during all or part of follow-up. Risk of tooth loss among men who quit smoking declined as time after smoking cessation increased, from 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4-2.9) after 1 year of abstinence to 1.0 (95% CI, 0.5-2.2) after 15 years of abstinence. The risk remained significantly elevated for the first 9 years of abstinence but eventually dropped to the level of men who never smoked after 13 or more years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that smoking cessation is beneficial for tooth retention, but long-term abstinence is required to reduce the risk to the level of people who have never smoked.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study and Dental Longitudinal Study, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Mass 02118, USA. kralle@bu.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Krall
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nunn
authors.forename: Raul I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003740:Dental Clinics; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013997:Time Factors; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000209:etiology*