title: Steroid withdrawal increases risk of acute rejection but reduces infection: a meta-analysis of 1681 cases in renal transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety of steroid withdrawal in renal transplantation recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  These following databases were searched: Medline (1966 to September 2005), OVID (1966 to 2004), Embase (1984 to 2004), Cochrane library (issue 4, 2005), Highwire (1849 to September 2005), American Transplant Congress (2005), Chinese Biomedicine database (CBM 1994 to 2005). The safety was measured by the following factors: patient and graft survival, acute rejection, chronic rejection, infection, serum creatinine. We performed meta-analysis by using Revman 4.2.7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine randomized clinical trials were identified to have a steroid withdrawal and a steroid continuing group. They included 1681 patients: 845 with steroid withdrawal and 836 with continuing steroid. The risk of acute rejection after steroid withdrawal was two times higher than steroid-continuing group (RR 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54, 2.72; P < .00001), while the incidence of opportunistic infection and urinary tract infection of steroid withdrawal group were lower than the control group (RR 0.80; 95%CI 0.64, 1.00; P = .05 vs RR 0.74; 95%CI, 0.60, 0.92; P = .004, respectively). The graft and patient survivals, chronic rejection, and serum creatinine were similar to the steroid continuing group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid withdrawal can significantly increase the risk of acute rejection episodes, but reduces the incidence of infection to a certain extent. To prophylaxis against serious infection, steroid withdrawal is worth considering using a sufficient immunosuppressive regimen. The key point is to balance the benefit and harm for the individual recipient.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China. tanjy_6@163.com
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: T X
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Y P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012449:Safety; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D003404:Creatinine