title: Laryngeal cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in patients with laryngeal cancer. However, the role of GERD in laryngeal cancer remains controversial because of poor matching and selection of inappropriate control groups in prior studies. We aimed to better understand this relationship by conducting a matched case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was based in a single tertiary care center over a 2-year period. Cases included all patients with a diagnosis of new laryngeal cancer presenting to the otolaryngology clinics. Two controls, derived from the internal medicine clinics, were matched to the cases on an individual basis for age (within 1 year), gender, ethnicity, and time of first visit to the institution (within 1 month). Data were extracted by chart review. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between laryngeal cancer and GERD, tobacco, and alcohol consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 96 cases were matched to 192 controls. On univariable analysis, the significant risk factors were current smoking, odds ratio (OR) 5.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.59-11.50); alcohol, OR 1.97 (CI, 1.19-3.26); and GERD, OR 1.79 (CI, 1.03-3.11). On multivariable analysis, only smoking and GERD continued to be significantly associated with laryngeal cancer, OR 6.08 (CI, 2.82-13.10) and OR 2.11 (CI, 1.16-3.85), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking and GERD are significant risk factors for laryngeal cancer and may have an independent incremental risk for laryngeal carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn, USA. Michael.vaezi@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vaezi
authors.forename: Mohammed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Qadeer
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Colabianchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects