title: Effect of tacrolimus on the production of oxygen free radicals in hepatic mitochondria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclosporine (CsA) causes side effects that occur mainly in the kidney but also in the liver. Several reports have strongly suggested that the production of oxygen free radicals (OFRs) is a common mechanism of CsA toxicity. However, tacrolimus is believed to suppress the production of OFRs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained the mitochondrial fraction with 96% purity from rat liver using a sucrose density gradient solution. Zero to 100 micromol/L tacrolimus was incubated with the mitochondrial fraction for 6 hours at 37 degrees C. OFRs were evaluated by measuring the fluorescent product from the oxidation of an oxidant-sensitive 2,7-dichlorefluorescein using a VICTOR3 multilabel counter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fluorescence units for OFR production were increased as the time of exposure to tacrolimus passed from 1 to 6 hours. The fluorescence units in 0.1 micromol/L tacrolimus were 6.0 x 10(5) at 1 hour, 7.8 x 10(5) at 2 hours, 9.0 x 10(5) at 3 hours, 10.0 x 10(5) at 4 hours, 11.1 x 10(5) at 5 hours, and 11.4 x 10(5) at 6 hours. However, the fluorescence units were similar although the tacrolimus concentration increases from 0.1 to 100 micromol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results in this experiment suggested that tacrolimus induced the production of OFRs depending on the exposure time.
authors.affiliation: Dongsan Kidney Institute and Chronic Disease Research Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dong San Dong, Daegu 700-712, Korea.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005609:Free Radicals; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016559:Tacrolimus