title: Endoscopic off-pump aortic valve replacement: does the pericardial cuff improve the sutureless closure of left ventricular access?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Off-pump trans left ventricular approach provides more precise deployment of stented aortic valve of any size with respect to the endovascular replacement. One of the key steps of this procedure is the ventricle repair after catheter withdrawing. We designed an animal study to compare the consistency of a sutureless repair of the left ventricle access using nitinol occluder with and without pericardial cuff on the ventricular side.
  
  
  METHODS
  Material description: The Amplatz-nitinol occluder consists of two square heads squeezing ventricle wall in between them, sealing the defect. To improve its sealing property, a pericardial patch was sutured to the ventricular head of the occluder. Animal study setup: In adult pigs, a 30F sheath was inserted into the epigastric area through the cardiac apex, up to the left ventricle, simulating the approach for off-pump aortic valve replacement. The sheath was then removed and the ventricle closed with standard occluder in half of the animals, and cuffed occluder in the other half. Animals were followed-up for 3h, collecting haemodynamics data and pericardial bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Device was successfully deployed in 12 animals in less than 1min. In the group where the standard occluder was used, bleeding during the deployment was 80+/-20ml and after the deployment was 800+/-20ml over 3h. In the group where the cuffed occluder was used, bleeding during the deployment was 85+/-20ml and after the deployment was 100+/-5ml over 3h. In the cuffed group, bleeding was significantly lower than the standard group, p-value being <0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occluder is easy to use and the pericardial cuff dramatically increases its efficacy as demonstrated by a significant reduction of blood loss. The cuffed occluder opens the way for endoscopic, off-pump, transventricular aortic valve replacement.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University of Lausanne CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Piergiorgio.Tozzi@hospvd.ch
authors.forename: Piergiorgio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawelec-Wojtalic
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bukowska
authors.forename: Vassilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Argitis
authors.forename: Ludwig K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: von Segesser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D010496:Pericardium / Q000601:surgery; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015607:Stents; D013537:Sutures; D013552:Swine; D013906:Thoracoscopy