Cytochrome P450 systems--biological variations of electron transport chains.
Cytochromes P450 (P450) are hemoproteins encoded by a superfamily of genes nearly ubiquitously distributed in different organisms from all biological kingdoms. The reactions carried out by P450s are extremely diverse and contribute to the biotransformation of drugs, the bioconversion of xenobiotics, the bioactivation of chemical carcinogens, the biosynthesis of physiologically important compounds such as steroids, fatty acids, eicosanoids, fat-soluble vitamins and bile acids, the conversion of alkanes, terpenes and aromatic compounds as well as the degradation of herbicides and insecticides. Cytochromes P450 belong to the group of external monooxygenases and thus receive the necessary electrons for oxygen cleavage and substrate hydroxylation from different redox partners. The classical as well as the recently discovered P450 redox systems are compiled in this paper and classified according to their composition.
Hannemann
Frank
F
FR 8.3-Biochemistry, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Bichet
Andreas
A
Ewen
Kerstin M
KM
Bernhardt
Rita
R
D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D004579:Electron Transport; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D015262:Xenobiotics; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010100:Oxygen