title: Activities of mixtures of soil-applied herbicides with different molecular targets.
abstract: The joint action of soil-applied herbicide mixtures with similar or different modes of action has been assessed by using the additive dose model (ADM). The herbicides chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, pendimethalin and pretilachlor, applied either singly or in binary mixtures, were used on rice (Oryza sativa L.). The growth (shoot) response curves were described by a logistic dose-response model. The ED50 values and their corresponding standard errors obtained from the response curves were used to test statistically if the shape of the isoboles differed from the reference model (ADM). Results showed that mixtures of herbicides with similar molecular targets, i.e. chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron (acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors), and with different molecular targets, i.e. pendimethalin (microtubule assembly inhibitor) and pretilachlor (very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) inhibitor), followed the ADM. Mixing herbicides with different molecular targets gave different results depending on whether pretilachlor or pendimethalin was involved. In general, mixtures of pretilachlor and sulfonylureas showed synergistic interactions, whereas mixtures of pendimethalin and sulfonylureas exhibited either antagonistic or additive activities. Hence, there is a large potential for both increasing the specificity of herbicides by using mixtures and lowering the total dose for weed control, while at the same time delaying the development of herbicide resistance by using mixtures with different molecular targets.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE), University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: Jens Carl
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Streibig
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cedergreen
mesh_terms: D004336:Drug Antagonism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012275:Oryza / Q000187:drug effects*; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012987:Soil