title: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor regulates effector differentiation of invariant natural killer T cells during thymic ontogeny.
abstract: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell-derived cytokines have important functions in inflammation, host defense, and immunoregulation. Yet, when and how iNKT cells undergo effector differentiation, which endows them with the capacity to rapidly secrete cytokines upon activation, remains unknown. We discovered that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Csf-2)-deficient mice developed iNKT cells that failed to respond to the model antigen alpha-galactosylceramide because of an intrinsic defect in the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane. Exogenous Csf-2 corrected the functional defect only when supplied during the development of thymic, but not mature, splenic Csf-2-deficient iNKT cells. Thus, we ascribe a unique function to Csf-2, which regulates iNKT cell effector differentiation during development by a mechanism that renders them competent for cytokine secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Jelena S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bezbradica
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gordy
authors.forename: Aleksandar K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Stanic
authors.forename: Srdjan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dragovic
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawiger
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Unutmaz
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Kaer
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joyce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor