title: Measurement method for the fetal electrocardiogram.
abstract: A fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) provides clinically significant information concerning the electrophysiological states of a fetus. Since the first attempt by Cremer in 1906, for about 100 years nobody has been able to non-invasively extract the fetal ECG popularly used in clinical situations. The low amplitude of the fetal signals and the high background noise and the non-linearity of the ECG signals mainly have been interfering with the noninvasive extraction of the fetal ECG. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new nonlinear filtering method to extract the fetal electrocardiogram detected from the mother's abdominal wall. This method consists of two steps: The rough extraction step performed by blind source separation (BSS) with references and the precise extraction step with fast non-linear state space projection (FNSSP) based on a nonlinear state space projection (NSSP), which needs several complicated conditions or has limitations. So, it takes a lot of time to calculate. Our new method does not require such conditions, and it has about a thirty-fold speedup when compared with the previous method. Our new method has been successfully applied to on-line recordings with fetal components and will be useful for monitoring the fetal electrocardiogram in clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Tohoku University Biomedical Engineering Research Organization, Sendai, Japan. ykimura@tubero.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matuyama
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chida
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Mitsuyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
mesh_terms: D004562:Electrocardiography; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted