title: Is a patient's self-reported health-related quality of life a prognostic factor for survival in non-small-cell lung cancer patients? A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of EORTC study 08975.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prognostic factor analysis was to investigate if a patient's self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) provided independent prognostic information for survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pretreatment HRQOL was measured in 391 advanced NSCLC patients using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the EORTC Lung Cancer module (QLQ-LC13). The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for both univariate and multivariate analyses of survival. In addition, a bootstrap validation technique was used to assess the stability of the outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final multivariate Cox regression model retained four parameters as independent prognostic factors for survival: male gender with a hazard ratio (HR) = 1.32 (95% CI 1.03-1.69; P = 0.03); performance status (0 to 1 versus 2) with HR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.04-2.54; P = 0.032); patient's self-reported score of pain with HR= 1.11 (95% CI 1.07-1.16; P < 0.001) and dysphagia with HR = 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.21; P = 0.003). A 10-point shift worse in the scale measuring pain and dysphagia translated into an 11% and 12% increased in the likelihood of death respectively. A risk group categorization was also developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that patients' self-reported HRQOL provide independent prognostic information for survival. This finding supports the collection of such data in routine clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), EORTC Data Center, Brussels, Belgium. f.efficace@fondazioneime.org
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Efficace
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bottomley
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lianes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Legrand
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Debruyne
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schramel
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaafar
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biesma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manegold
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coens
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giaccone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeeck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis