title: Systematic analysis of missed extremity fractures in emergency radiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To systematically analyze fractures in the extremities that were missed in the initial radiological report, primarily on plain radiographs, in the emergency department (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2003 to June 2004, 2407 new patients were confirmed to have fractures in the extremities in the ED. A total of 3081 fractures were confirmed. In the initial radiological reports, 115 fractures in 108 patients were missed. One musculoskeletal radiologist and one emergency radiologist independently carried out a second review of these images. The easily missed fracture sites were recorded. The possible reasons for misinterpretation were determined by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent location for missed fractures, expressed as a percentage of all fractures in the same location, was the foot (7.6%), followed by the knee (6.3%), elbow (6.0%), hand (5.4%), wrist (4.1%), hip (3.9%), ankle (2.8%), and shoulder (1.9%). The average percentage for all missed fractures was 3.7%. On the second review, 70% of the initially missed fractures were identified. Analysis of the possible reasons for missed fractures showed the most common reason was subtlety of the fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall percentage of missed fractures in the extremities was 3.7%. Only 33% of the initially missed fractures were attributed to radiographically imperceptible lesions. Adequate training for physicians and radiologists in the ED may reduce the rate of missed fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: C-M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tiu
authors.forename: H-T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed