title: Transfection of human hepatocyte growth factor gene ameliorates secondary lymphedema via promotion of lymphangiogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphedema is a disorder of the lymphatic vascular system characterized by impaired lymphatic return and swelling of the extremities. Treatment for this disabling condition remains limited and largely ineffective. The goal of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in animal models of lymphedema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunofluorescent analysis demonstrated that canine primary lymphatic endothelial cells (cLECs) were positive for lymphatic-specific markers (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3, LYVE-1, podoplanin, and Prox1) and the HGF receptor c-Met. Treating cLECs with human recombinant HGF resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cell growth and migration and increased activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt. In human LECs, c-Met also was expressed, and treatment with HGF increased cell growth and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Transfection of human HGF plasmid DNA in cLECs also increased the c-fos promoter activity. Furthermore, weekly HGF gene transfer in a rat tail lymphedema model by disruption of lymphatic vessels resulted in a decrease in lymphedema thickness. Although expression of the endothelial cell marker PECAM-1 was increased in both HGF- and vascular endothelial growth factor 165-injected groups, expression of LEC markers (LYVE-1 and Prox1) was increased only in the HGF-injected group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that expression of HGF via plasmid transfer improves lymphedema via promotion of lymphangiogenesis. Further studies to determine the clinical utility of this approach would be of benefit to patients with lymphedema.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagami
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Tadahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasajima
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D004247:DNA; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met