title: Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)-induced allergy may be controlled by IL-4 and CX3C fractalkine antagonists and CpG ODN as adjuvant: hypothesis and implications for treatment.
abstract: Based on the hypothesis that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) sG protein causes allergy in patients, it is suggested that treatment of RSV patients with antagonists of IL-4 and FKN early in infection will prevent the increased level of IL-4 in the serum. Together with CpG ODNs that induce Toll-like receptor 9(+) (TLR9(+)) plasmacytoid dendritic cells to release type I IFN-alpha and -beta will reactivate the inhibited Th1 cells and the antiviral cytotoxic T leukocytes. In addition, binding of CpG ODNs to TLR9(+) B cells will stop IgE synthesis and antiviral IgG and IgA will continue. Together, the IL-4 and FKN antagonists and CpG ODNs reactivate the adaptive immune response to clear the virus and protect the patient from a second RSV infection. It is also suggested that the less-pathogenic RSV strain Long may be a candidate for vaccine development after deletion of the FKN and superantigen domains from the G gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. becker@md.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000276:immunology*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D054428:Chemokine CX3CL1; D020523:Chemokines, CX3C; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; D015847:Interleukin-4; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; C515538:CX3CL1 protein, human; C015772:CpG dinucleotide