title: Accelerated bone healing and excessive callus formation in patients with femoral fracture and head injury.
abstract: The effect of head injury on systemic physiology, including bone healing is still a topic of vivid discussion. Whether the observed changes genuinely represent accelerated fracture healing or are a form of local heterotopic ossification remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether in patients with long bone fractures the presence of head injury is associated with accelerated bone healing and excessive callus formation. In total 67 patients were studied 17 with head injury and 50 without head injury (25 treated with reamed and the other 25 with the unreamed nailing technique). Both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, ISS. All underwent stabilisation of their femoral fracture with intramedullary nailing. The quantification of fracture healing response was estimated by taking the radiological ratio of the largest diameter of callus formed into two planes and the adjacent normal diameter of femoral canal. The minimum follow up of the patients was 12 months. In patients with head injury, the mean time to fracture union was significantly shorter than either the reamed or unreamed group (10.5 weeks compared with 20.5 and 26.9 weeks, p<0.001). The difference between the mean callus to diaphyseal ratio was statistically significant for both the AP and Lateral projections (AP: mean difference 0.462, 95% CI 0.312 to 0.602, p<0.0001, LAT: mean difference 0.289, 95% CI 0.142 to 0.436, p<0.001) with the head injured patients having more florid callus compared to the control group.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, Leeds University, Chancellor Wing, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, West Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK. Pgiannoudi@aol.com
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kambhampati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dimoutsos
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stavrou
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Pape
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002146:Bony Callus / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray