title: Transforming growth factor-beta controls development, homeostasis, and tolerance of T cells by regulatory T cell-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
abstract: The role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in inhibiting T cell functions has been studied with dominant-negative TGF-beta receptor transgenic models; however, the full impact of TGF-beta signaling on T cells and the mechanisms by which TGF-beta signals remain poorly understood. Here we show that mice with T cell-specific deletion of TGF-beta receptor II developed lethal inflammation associated with T cell activation and differentiation. In addition, TGF-beta signaling positively regulated T cell development and homeostasis. Development of CD8+ T cells and NKT cells, maintenance of peripheral Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells, and survival of CD4+ T cells all depended on TGF-beta signaling. Both T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation and survival of activated CD4+ T cells required T-bet, the TGF-beta-regulated transcription factor, which controlled CD122 expression and IL-15 signaling in Th1 cells. This study reveals pleiotropic functions of TGF-beta signaling in T cells that may ensure a diverse and self-tolerant T cell repertoire in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Ming O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shomyseh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanjabi
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Flavell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta