title: A chart review comparing paregoric to methadone in the treatment of neonatal opioid withdrawal.
abstract: Neonatal opioid withdrawal often requires treatment but there have been few recent studies of current pharmacological interventions to guide treatment. This retrospective chart review provides an exploratory examination of newborns treated with either methadone or paregoric for opioid withdrawal and outlines dosage ranges and intervals, side effects, and clinical outcomes of the two regimens. The outcome variables examined were time to resolution of withdrawal symptoms, rate of decrease in symptom severity, and length of hospital stay. There were no observed differences in outcome variables between the two treatment groups and side effect profiles were similar. Dosages, dosage intervals, and tapering regimens were consistent with American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations. Although the sample size is small and standardized regimens were not used, this study provides preliminary data about dosing levels and dosing intervals of these two pharmacologic treatment agents. Both groups of infants had favorable outcomes, although given the variation in treatment regimens it is difficult to draw an equation of equivalency. These results are applicable to the design of future studies of pharmacological interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. mwunsch@vcom.vt.edu
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wunsch
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004282:Documentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009892:Opium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009294:Narcotics; D009892:Opium; C017652:paregoric; D008691:Methadone