title: Prenatal ultrasonographic prediction of the umbilical coiling index at birth and adverse pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the antenatal umbilical coiling index (aUCI) as measured by ultrasonography predicts the postnatal umbilical coiling index (pUCI) and adverse pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study in 117 pregnancies, the aUCI was measured between 28 weeks and term by ultrasonography. The aUCI was calculated as the reciprocal value of the mean pitch of one complete coil. The pUCI was calculated as the number of coils divided by the cord length in cm. The correlation between aUCI and pUCI was assessed and likelihood ratios for adverse pregnancy outcome were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We had complete data on 81 subjects. Mean aUCI +/- SD was 0.30 +/- 0.09 and mean pUCI +/- SD was 0.17 +/- 0.08. The correlation coefficient between aUCI and pUCI was 0.66, P < 0.001. Limits of agreement were 0-0.28 coils/cm. The positive likelihood ratio for small-for-gestational-age infants was 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6-11.6) for ultrasound hypocoiling, and 5.7 (95% CI 1.3-24.8) for ultrasound hypercoiling. The positive likelihood ratio for interventional delivery for non-reassuring fetal status was 1.2 (95% CI 0.2-9.0) for ultrasound hypocoiling, and 10.3 (95% CI 2.1-50.2) for ultrasound hypercoiling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strong correlation coefficients comparing the aUCI and pUCI do not reflect agreement. Since the limits of agreement were almost as wide as the full range for the pUCI, the aUCI does not predict the pUCI with sufficient precision. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm the predictive potential of the aUCI for adverse pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. mdelaat@dds.nl
authors.forename: M W M
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: De Laat
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franx
authors.forename: P G J
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Nikkels
authors.forename: G H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging