title: Influence of dyslipidemia on moxidectin distribution in plasma lipoproteins and on its pharmacokinetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the influence of dyslipemia on the distribution of moxidectin, a potent antiparasitic drug of the macrocyclic lactone (ML) family, in plasma lipoproteins and on its pharmacokinetic behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples from normolipidemic or dyslipidemic subjects were spiked with moxidectin (20 ng/ml). Rabbits fed with standard (n = 5) or cholesterol-enriched diet (n = 5) were injected subcutaneously with moxidectin (300 microg/kg) and blood samples were collected over 32 days. Lipoproteins were separated from plasma samples by ultracentrifugation on density gradients. Moxidectin and lipids were measured in plasma and in lipoproteins and the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normolipidemic subjects or rabbits, the drug bound preferentially to HDL. In hyperlipidemic samples, moxidectin shifted to the VLDL-LDL fraction. In addition, hyperlipidemic rabbits had a 2.8-fold higher area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) and a lower clearance and volume of distribution when compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslipidemia led to major changes in moxidectin plasma distribution and in drug disposition. Therefore, a high variability in moxidectin disposition might be expected in humans or animals liable to develop dyslipidemia, with a possible impact on the efficacy and safety of this class of drugs.
authors.affiliation: INRA-UR66, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie-Toxicologie, BP 3, 31931 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Mohamad Firas
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bassissi
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvinerie
authors.forename: Pascal Guy Pierre
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perret
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lespine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000378:metabolism; D018942:Macrolides / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D008074:Lipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D018942:Macrolides; C027837:moxidectin