title: Clonal relationship among Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains causing the largest cholera epidemic in Kenya in the late 1990s.
abstract: Eighty Vibrio cholerae O1 strains selected to represent the 1998-to-1999 history of the largest cholera epidemic in Kenya were characterized by ribotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility, and random amplified polymorphic DNA patterns. Except for 19 strains from 4 local outbreaks in North Eastern Province along the Somalia border, the other 61 strains from 25 outbreaks occurring in districts scattered around the country were all ribotype B27 and resistant to chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. The 61 strains showed similar and specific amplified DNA patterns. These findings indicate that the predominant strains that caused the Kenyan epidemic had a clonal origin and suggest that ribotype B27 strains, which first appeared in West Africa in 1994, have had a rapid spread to eastern Africa.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Bari, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scrascia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maimone
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mohamud
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Materu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimont
authors.forename: P A D
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grimont
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pazzani
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D021521:Ribotyping; D041241:Vibrio cholerae O1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins