title: The occurrence of vaginal infections among HIV-infected and high-risk HIV-uninfected women: longitudinal findings of the women's interagency HIV study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate changes over time in rates of bacterial vaginosis (BV), trichomoniasis (TV), and yeast vaginitis (YV) among HIV-infected and similar HIV-uninfected women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand fifty-six HIV-infected women and 554 HIV-uninfected women were evaluated semiannually from 1994 until March 2003 in a prospective cohort study. BV was diagnosed by Gram stain, TV by wet mount, and YV by symptoms with microscopically visible hyphae or positive culture. Trends were assessed using Poisson models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, BV was present in 42.8% and 47.0% of HIV-infected and uninfected women (P = 0.21), TV in 6.1% and 7.8% (P = 0.17), and YV in 10.0% and 3.8% (P < 0.001). Over time, rates of BV and TV decreased significantly in both groups, whereas rates of YV declined only among HIV-infected women. Risk of BV was not associated with HIV status, whereas HIV-infected women had a lower risk of TV. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use was associated with decreased risk of all 3 infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Declines in BV, TV, and YV represent decreased morbidity for HIV-infected women and, potentially, decreased risk of transmission of HIV, because each has been associated with increased genital detection of HIV.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric, Adolescent, and Maternal AIDS Branch, Center for Research on Mothers and Children, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: D Heather
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minkoff
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moxley
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Justman
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cejtin
authors.forename: Casey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Greenblatt
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014247:Trichomonas Vaginitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology; D014626:Vaginal Smears