title: Polyoma virus-associated nephropathy and concurrent cytomegalovirus infection in the kidney transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and polyoma virus BK (BKV) may both establish latency following primary infection. Frequent reactivation of these viruses can occur in the kidney transplant recipients. BKV may induce CMV gene expression by stimulating cellular regulator proteins or by its own gene regulator proteins. A high rate of concurrent CMV infections has been noted in kidney transplant recipients with polyoma virus-associated nephropathy (PVAN).
  
  
  METHODS
  PVAN was identified in 10 of 191 patients who received kidney transplants between October 1998 and September 2003. PVAN was confirmed by allograft kidney biopsy. Four of the 10 patients were complicated by concurrent CMV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients had only serological evidence of CMV infection and one patient had CMV gastritis. These three patients were treated with intravenous ganciclovir with good results. Disseminated ganciclovir-resistant CMV disease was demonstrated in the remaining patient. This 34-year-old kidney transplant recipient with PVAN died of multiorgan failure despite antiviral therapy with both ganciclovir and foscarnet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVAN with concurrent CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients showed variable clinical courses including mortality. Further studies are needed to elucidate the influence of PVAN on the pathogenesis of CMV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dong San Dong, Daegu 700-712, Korea. sbpark@dsmc.or.kr
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000821:virology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data