title: Wnk4 controls blood pressure and potassium homeostasis via regulation of mass and activity of the distal convoluted tubule.
abstract: The mechanisms that govern homeostasis of complex systems have been elusive but can be illuminated by mutations that disrupt system behavior. Mutations in the gene encoding the kinase WNK4 cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII), a syndrome featuring hypertension and hyperkalemia. We show that physiology in mice transgenic for genomic segments harboring wild-type (TgWnk4(WT)) or PHAII mutant (TgWnk4(PHAII)) Wnk4 is changed in opposite directions: TgWnk4(PHAII) mice have higher blood pressure, hyperkalemia, hypercalciuria and marked hyperplasia of the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), whereas the opposite is true in TgWnk4(WT) mice. Genetic deficiency for the Na-Cl cotransporter of the DCT (NCC) reverses phenotypes seen in TgWnk4(PHAII) mice, demonstrating that the effects of the PHAII mutation are due to altered NCC activity. These findings establish that Wnk4 is a molecular switch that regulates the balance between NaCl reabsorption and K+ secretion by altering the mass and function of the DCT through its effect on NCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical, Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lalioti
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Volkman
authors.forename: Kristopher T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kahle
authors.forename: Kristin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Hakan R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Toka
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nelson-Williams
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flavell
authors.forename: Carmen J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lifton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011546:Pseudohypoaldosteronism / Q000235:genetics; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; C499024:Prkwnk4 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011188:Potassium