title: Isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry method for analysis of selected acidic herbicides in surface water.
abstract: In this work, an isotope dilution method for determination of selected acidic herbicides by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was developed for surface water samples. Average percent recoveries of native analytes were observed to be between 70.8 and 93.5% and average recoveries of labeled quantification standards [(13)C(6)]2,4-D and [(13)C(6)]2,4,5-T were 85.5 and 101%, respectively. Using this method, detection limits of 0.05 ng/L for dicamba, MCPA, MCPP, and triclopyr, and 0.5 ng/L for 2,4-D were routinely achieved. The method was applied to measuring the concentration of these analytes in surface water samples collected from five sampling locations in the Lower Fraser Valley region of British Columbia, Canada. All of the herbicides monitored were detected at varying levels in the surface water samples collected. The highest concentrations detected for each analyte were 345 ng/L for 2,4-D, 317 ng/L for MCPA, 271 ng/L for MCPP, 15.7 ng/L for dicamba, and 2.18 ng/L for triclopyr. Average detection frequencies of the herbicides were 95% for MCPA, 80% for MCPP, 70% for dicamba, 65% for 2,4-D, and 46% for triclopyr. Seasonal variations of herbicide levels are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: AXYS Analytical Services Ltd., 2045 Mills Road West, Sidney, BC V8L 3S8, Canada. mwoudneh@axys.com
authors.forename: Million B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Woudneh
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekela
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gledhill
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D003996:Dicamba / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D007554:Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007554:Isotopes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D003996:Dicamba