title: Estradiol protects against ethanol-induced bone loss by inhibiting up-regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand in osteoblasts.
abstract: To investigate the effects of sex hormones on ethanol (EtOH)-induced bone loss, female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control or EtOH-containing diets (12 g/kg/day) by intragastric infusion. After 3 weeks, rats receiving EtOH had significant decreases in tibial trabecular and total bone mineral density, induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) mRNA expression, and enhanced bone resorption, all of which were prevented by treatment with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)). The addition of progesterone did not enhance the beneficial effect of E(2) alone. Consistent with our in vivo findings, EtOH stimulated RANKL mRNA expression in cultured primary osteoblasts, and this expression was blocked by 4-methylpyrazole. Acetaldehyde also induced RANKL expression. Class 1 alcohol dehydrogenase was found to be expressed and EtOH-inducible in cultured osteoblasts, whereas CYP2E1 was undetectable. We found that EtOH induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3). E(2) and the mitogenactivated protein kinase kinase inhibitor 2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone (PD98059) blocked ERK and STAT3 phosphorylation and blocked RANKL induction. Moreover, E(2) completely blocked EtOH-induced osteoclastogenesis in a primary osteoblast and osteoclast precursor coculture system. The E(2) effects were estrogen receptor-mediated. Therefore, E(2) prevents EtOH-induced bone loss by opposing the induction of RANKL mRNA in osteoblasts and ethanol-induced osteoclastogenesis, through opposing effects on sustained ERK signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
authors.forename: Jin-Ran
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rani Lynn
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hidestrand
authors.forename: Kartik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Charles K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lumpkin
authors.forename: Pippa M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.forename: Martin J J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ronis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D000431:Ethanol; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases