title: Monitoring ligand-mediated internalization of G protein-coupled receptor as a novel pharmacological approach.
abstract: Agonist activation of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) results in the redistribution of the receptor protein away from the cell surface into internal cellular compartments through a process of endocytosis known as internalization. Visualization of receptor internalization has become experimentally practicable by using fluorescent reagents such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). In this study, we examined whether the ligand-mediated internalization of a GPCR can be exploited for pharmacological evaluations. We acquired fluorescent images of cells expressing GFP-labeled GPCRs and evaluated the ligand-mediated internalization quantitatively by image processing. Using beta2-adrenoceptor and vasopressin V1a receptor as model GPCRs that couple to Gs and Gq, respectively, we first examined whether these GFP-tagged GPCRs exhibited appropriate pharmacology. The rank order of receptor internalization potency for a variety of agonists and antagonists specific to each receptor corresponded well with that previously observed in ligand binding studies. In addition to chemical ligand-induced internalization, this cell-based fluorescence imaging system successfully monitored the internalization of the proton-sensing GPCR TDAG8, and that of the free fatty acid-sensitive GPCR GPR120. The results show that monitoring receptor internalization can be a useful approach for pharmacological characterization of GPCRs and in fishing for ligands of orphan GPCRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genomic Drug Discovery Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimo-adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin'ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setoguchi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.forename: Gozoh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C498007:FFAR4 protein, mouse; C513334:GPR65 protein, human; D008024:Ligands; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins