Environmental determinants of Parkinson's disease.
Increasing toxicologic and epidemiologic evidence suggests that pesticides and other environmental exposures are associated with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Using a case-control study, the authors examined the impact of farming, pesticide use, rural residence, and well water use (including critical periods of childhood exposure) on the risk of Parkinson's disease. After adjustment for confounding, > or = 40 years of well-water exposure (compared to no well water use) was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (OR = 7.1; 95% CI: 2.3-22.1). The authors found an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (OR = 2.1; 95% Cl: 0.7-6.4) for well water use during the first 20 years of life (compared with <20 years of exposure) and saw some suggestion of an exposure-response relationship with increasing childhood exposure. Farming and pesticide use (occupational or residential) was not associated with Parkinson's disease but exposure assessment limitations warrant further investigation.
Wright
J Michael
JM
Program in Environmental Studies, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA. wright.michael@epa.gov
Keller-Byrne
Jane
J
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000383:Agriculture; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012424:Rural Population; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014881:Water Supply
D010575:Pesticides