title: A novel genetic hierarchy functions during hypaxial myogenesis: Pax3 directly activates Myf5 in muscle progenitor cells in the limb.
abstract: We address the molecular control of myogenesis in progenitor cells derived from the hypaxial somite. Null mutations in Pax3, a key regulator of skeletal muscle formation, lead to cell death in this domain. We have developed a novel allele of Pax3 encoding a Pax3-engrailed fusion protein that acts as a transcriptional repressor. Heterozygote mouse embryos have an attenuated mutant phenotype, with partial conservation of the hypaxial somite and its myogenic derivatives, including some hindlimb muscles. At these sites, expression of Myf5 is compromised, showing that Pax3 acts genetically upstream of this myogenic determination gene. We have characterized a 145-base-pair (bp) regulatory element, at -57.5 kb from Myf5, that directs transgene expression to the mature somite, notably to myogenic cells of the hypaxial domain that form ventral trunk and limb muscles. A Pax3 consensus site in this sequence binds Pax3 in vitro and in vivo. Multimers of the 145-bp sequence direct transgene expression to sites of Pax3 function, and an assay of its activity in the chick embryo shows Pax3 dependence. Mutation of the Pax3 site abolishes all expression controlled by the 145-bp sequence in transgenic mouse embryos. We conclude that Pax3 directly regulates Myf5 in the hypaxial somite and its derivatives.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2578, Department of Developmental Biology, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lola
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bajard
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Relaix
authors.forename: Mounia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lagha
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rocancourt
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daubas
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019170:Somites / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C497418:Myf5 protein, mouse; D051787:Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C068686:Pax3 protein, mouse