title: Gastro-oesophageal reflux of liquids and gas during transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations.
abstract: Some transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLOSRs) are accompanied by gastro-oesophageal reflux and others are not. We aimed to investigate what factors determine the occurrence and type of reflux during TLOSRs. In 12 healthy subjects prolonged high-resolution manometry was performed. Reflux was detected using pH-impedance monitoring. A total of 219 TLOSRs were detected; no differences were observed between the duration of TLOSRs with liquid-containing reflux (20.2 +/- 1.0 s), gas reflux (17.0 +/- 1.0 s) and no reflux (19.0 +/- 1.0 s). Trans-sphincteric pressure gradient was similar in TLOSRs with liquid reflux (1.6 +/- 0.1 kPa), gas reflux (1.5 +/- 0.1 kPa) and no reflux (1.7 +/- 0.3 kPa). Prevalence, duration and amplitude of oesophageal pre-contractions and sphincteric after-contractions were not different for TLOSRs with and without reflux. The total number of TLOSRs decreased significantly from 8.2 +/- 0.8 in the first to 5.7 +/- 0.5 in the second and 4.4 +/- 0.6 in the third 70-min recording period. The number of TLOSRs accompanied by liquid-containing reflux decreased from 4.7 +/- 0.9 to 3.0 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.4, while the numbers of TLOSRs with gas reflux remained unchanged (2.1 +/- 0.6-2.1 +/- 0.7-2.2 +/- 0.6). Besides, time after the meal, no differences were observed in the characteristics of TLOSRs with and without gastro-oesophageal reflux. We conclude that factors, other than TLOSR characteristics, are important of whether or not a TLOSR is reflux-related.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. a.bredenoord@antonius.net
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bredenoord
authors.forename: B L A M
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Weusten
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timmer
authors.forename: A J P M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smout
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017097:Electric Impedance; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005740:Gases; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000502:physiology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005740:Gases