title: Trichococcus patagoniensis sp. nov., a facultative anaerobe that grows at -5 degrees C, isolated from penguin guano in Chilean Patagonia.
abstract: A novel, extremely psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe, strain PmagG1(T), was isolated from guano of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) collected in Chilean Patagonia. Gram-variable, motile cocci with a diameter of 1.3-2.0 mum were observed singularly or in pairs, short chains and irregular conglomerates. Growth occurred within the pH range 6.0-10.0, with optimum growth at pH 8.5. The temperature range for growth of the novel isolate was from -5 to 35 degrees C, with optimum growth at 28-30 degrees C. Strain PmagG1(T) did not require NaCl, as growth was observed in the presence of 0-6.5 % NaCl with optimum growth at 0.5 % (w/v). Strain PmagG1(T) was a catalase-negative chemo-organoheterotroph that used sugars and some organic acids as substrates. The metabolic end products were lactate, formate, acetate, ethanol and CO(2). Strain PmagG1(T) was sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, kanamycin and gentamicin. The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 45.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed 100 % similarity of strain PmagG1(T) with Trichococcus collinsii ATCC BAA-296(T), but DNA-DNA hybridization between them demonstrated relatedness values of <45+/-1 %. Another phylogenetically closely related species, Trichococcus pasteurii, showed 99.85 % similarity by 16S rRNA sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization showed relatedness values of 47+/-1.5 %. Based on genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the novel species Trichococcus patagoniensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain PmagG1(T) (=ATCC BAA-756(T)=JCM 12176(T)=CIP 108035(T)) as the type strain.
authors.affiliation: NASA/NSSTC, VP-62, Astrobiology Laboratory, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35805, USA.
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Pikuta
authors.affiliation: NASA/NSSTC, VP-62, Astrobiology Laboratory, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35805, USA.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Asim K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bej
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Structural Biology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, MSB, 203C, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marsic
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2605, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.affiliation: American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Krader
authors.affiliation: Mitretek Systems, 3150 Fairview Park Drive South, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002677:Chile; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D046429:Spheniscidae / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S