title: Analysis of anomalies of the epididymis and processus vaginalis in human fetuses and in patients with cryptorchidism treated and untreated with human chorionic gonadotrophin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the incidence of epididymal anomalies and the structure of the processus vaginalis (PV) in patients with cryptorchidism treated or not with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and to compare these findings with human fetuses with testes in the scrotum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 24 fetuses with a gestational age of 23-35 weeks, and 114 cryptorchid patients (mean age 10.3 years). The patients were divided into two groups of those who used hCG (55, 65 testes) and those who did not (59, 75 testes). The sample was divided into six groups of possible anatomical relationships between the testis and the epididymis, according to a previous classification. Two situations were considered to analyse the PV: (a) total obliteration between the internal inguinal ring and the upper pole of the testis; and (b) total patency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epididymal anomalies were found in 35% of patients with cryptorchidism and in only 4% of normal fetuses. Of the 47 cases of epididymal anomalies in patients with cryptorchidism 23 (49%) were treated with hCG and 24 (51%) were not. The PV was patent in 58% of patients with cryptorchidism and in only 5% of fetuses. Considering the three groups, the epididymal anomalies were more frequent when the PV was patent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patency of the PV and the incidence of epididymal anomalies were more frequent in patients with cryptorchidism. The existence of epididymal anomalies did not influence testicular migration in patients treated with hCG.
authors.affiliation: Urogenital Research Unit, State University of Rio de Janeiro, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciano A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Favorito
authors.forename: Waldemar S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Francisco J B
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sampaio
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004822:Epididymis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin