title: Pain relief by single low-level laser irradiation in orthodontic patients undergoing fixed appliance therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of single low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on pain perception in patients having fixed appliance treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients (46 women, 30 men; mean age, 23.1 years) enrolled in this single-blind study were assigned to 2 groups. The patients in group 1 (G1; 38 patients, 13 men, 25 women; mean age, 25.1 years) received a single course of LLLT (Mini Laser 2075, Helbo Photodynamic Systems GmbH & Co KG, Linz, Austria; wavelength 670 nm, power output 75 mW) for 30 seconds per banded tooth. The patients in group 2 (G2; 38 patients, 17 men, 21 women; mean age, 21.0 years) received placebo laser therapy without active laser irradiation. Pain perception was evaluated at 6, 30, and 54 hours after LLLT by self-rating with a standardized questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major differences in pain perception were found between the 2 groups. The number of patients reporting pain at 6 hours was significantly lower in G1 (n = 14) than in G2 (n = 29) (P <.05), and the differences persisted at 30 hours (G1, n = 22; G2, n = 33) (P <.05). At 54 hours, no significant differences were seen between the number of patients reporting pain (G1, n = 20; G2, n = 25), although the women had a different prevalence between G1 (n = 11) and G2 (n = 15) (P = .079). At 6, 30, and 54 hours, more than 90% of the subjects in both groups described the pain as "tearing."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LLLT immediately after multibanding reduced the prevalence of pain perception at 6 and 30 hours. LLLT might have positive effects in orthodontic patients not only immediately after multibanding, but also for preventing pain during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. dritan.turhani@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Dritan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turhani
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheriau
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kapral
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Benesch
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jonke
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Bantleon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010465:Perception / Q000528:radiation effects; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*