title: DY-9760e, a novel calmodulin inhibitor, exhibits cardioprotective effects in the ischemic heart.
abstract: DY-9760e (3-[2-[4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-1-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-1H-indazole dihydrochloride-3.5 hydrate) inhibits Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS), thereby inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production. In cardiomyocytes from ischemic rat heart NO and superoxide levels are increased causing protein tyrosine nitration. In hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion DY-9760e totally abolishes protein tyrosine nitration. Notably, DY-9760e also inhibits calpain and cas-pase-3 activation that occurs prior to apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In ischemic hearts fodrin is the substrate for calpain. DY-9760e inhibits fodrin breakdown in the peri-infarct area rather than in the infarct core. In the ischemic rat brain DY-9760e inhibits caspase-3-induced proteolysis of calpastatin, an endogenous calpain inhibitor, suggesting that crosstalk between calpain and caspase-3 is mediated by calpastatin breakdown. Thus, DY-9760e rescues neurons and cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury by inhibiting crosstalk between calpain and caspase-3 as well as protein tyrosine nitration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. fukunaga@mail.pharm.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shioda
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriguchi
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasahara
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirasaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: C109602:3-(2-(4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)1-piperazinyl)ethyl)5,6-dimethoxy-1-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-1H-indazol dihydrochloride 3.5 hydrate; D002147:Calmodulin; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D007191:Indazoles