title: Use of transfixation pin casts to treat adult horses with comminuted phalangeal fractures: 20 cases (1993-2003).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the clinical applications, short and long-term survival, and complications of using transfixation pin casts for treatment of comminuted phalangeal fractures in adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding signalment, fracture location, treatment methods, complications, and short-term survival (discharge from hospital). Long-term follow-up information was obtained via contact with owners or trainers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  12 fractures were in a hind limb, and 8 were in a forelimb. Fourteen fractures occurred in a middle phalanx, and 6 occurred in a proximal phalanx. Eleven fractures were treated with internal fixation combined with transfixation pin casts, and 9 fractures were treated with transfixation pin casts alone. Transfixation pin casts were maintained for a mean of 52 days (median, 49 days; range, 1 to 131 days). Fourteen (70%) horses were discharged from the hospital, whereas 6 (30%) were euthanized during the treatment period. Reasons for euthanasia included secondary fracture of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone, avascularity of the distal aspect of the limb associated with an open fracture, and displacement of the fracture after transfixation pin cast removal. A significantly greater number of horses was discharged from the hospital when the transfixation pin cast was maintained for > 40 days, compared with those in which the transfixation pin cast was maintained for < 40 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggested that horses should be maintained in a transfixation pin cast for a minimum of 40 days, as this was associated with an increase in short-term survival without an increased risk of catastrophic failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523-1620, USA.
authors.forename: Jolynn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Tiffany L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Sarrafian
authors.forename: Ted S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Stashak
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trotter
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frisbie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002370:Casts, Surgical / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014034:Toes / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome