title: Validation of 2 techniques for electrocardiographic recording in dogs and cats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard electrocardiographic (ECG) recording in the dog and cat is commonly performed in right lateral recumbency, by connecting the ECG leads to the skin of the patient via metallic alligator clips. The jaws of the alligator clips are usually filed or flattened to reduce their uncomfortable pressure on the patient's skin. However, filed and flattened alligator clips can occasionally lose their grip to the skin, causing lead detachment during standard ECG recording.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to validate two novel ECG recording techniques ("gel" and "pads").
  
  
  METHODS
  Six-lead standard ECG recording was obtained from 42 dogs and 40 cats using the standard technique, as well as the two novel methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were taken of the amplitude and duration of P waves and QRS complexes, duration of PQ and QT intervals, and mean electrical axis (MEA). In each recording, five representative complexes were measured, and the results were averaged for each parameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A good quality ECG recording was obtained with all the three different techniques, although a degree of wandering trace was observed in one third of cats with the "pads" technique. Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement between the ECG values recorded with the two novel techniques and those recorded with the standard traditional technique. Furthermore, the observed differences were not clinically relevant, except for the R wave amplitude recorded with the "pads" method in cats (-0.35 to 0.37 mV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this study supports the reliability and clinical validity of the "gel" and "pads" techniques for ECG recording both in the dog and the cat, with some limitations for the "pads" technique in cats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK. ferasin@umn.edu
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferasin
authors.forename: Annarita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amodio
authors.forename: Jane K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results