title: Medulloblastoma outcome is adversely associated with overexpression of EEF1D, RPL30, and RPS20 on the long arm of chromosome 8.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Improvements in clinical outcome require a better understanding of the genetic alterations to identify clinically significant biological factors and to stratify patients accordingly. In the present study, we applied cytogenetic characterization to guide the identification of biologically significant genes from gene expression microarray profiles of medulloblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 71 primary medulloblastomas for chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Among 64 tumors that we previously analyzed by gene expression microarrays, 27 were included in our CGH series. We analyzed clinical outcome with respect to CNAs and microarray results. We filtered microarray data using specific CNAs to detect differentially expressed candidate genes associated with survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent lesions detected in our series involved chromosome 17; loss of 16q, 10q, or 8p; and gain of 7q or 2p. Recurrent amplifications at 2p23-p24, 2q14, 7q34, and 12p13 were also observed. Gain of 8q is associated with worse overall survival (p = 0.0141), which is not entirely attributable to MYC amplification or overexpression. By applying CGH results to gene expression analysis of medulloblastoma, we identified three 8q-mapped genes that are associated with overall survival in the larger group of 64 patients (p < 0.05): eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1D (EEF1D), ribosomal protein L30 (RPL30), and ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complementary use of CGH and expression profiles can facilitate the identification of clinically significant candidate genes involved in medulloblastoma growth. We demonstrate that gain of 8q and expression levels of three 8q-mapped candidate genes (EEF1D, RPL30, RPS20) are associated with adverse outcome in medulloblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. mxdebort@txccc.org
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Bortoli
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Castellino
authors.forename: Xin-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deyo
authors.forename: Lisa Marie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sturla
authors.forename: Adekunle M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Adesina
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perlaky
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pomeroy
authors.forename: Ching C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Tsz-Kwong
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Pulivarthi H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: John Y H
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002898:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8; D005784:Gene Amplification / Q000502:physiology; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000502:physiology; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C035201:ribosomal protein L30; C029611:ribosomal protein S20