title: Influence of premorbid IQ and education on progression of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower education is associated with a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Years of education and measures of general intellectual function (IQ) are highly correlated. It is important to determine whether there is a relationship between education and AD outcomes that is independent of IQ.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that premorbid IQ is a stronger predictor of cognitive decline, global progression, and overall survival, than education in patients with AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 478 probable AD patients (322 women and 156 men, mean age 74.5 years) followed in a large AD referral center for a mean of 3.2 years. Eligible participants had a baseline estimate of premorbid IQ using the American version of the Nelson Adult Reading Test (AMNART) and at least one follow-up visit with complete neuropsychological assessment. We used random effects linear regression analysis, and Cox proportional hazards analysis to determine whether or not education and/or premorbid IQ were independently associated with cognitive decline, global progression of AD, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the baseline AMNART score was included in regression models along with education and other demographic variables, AMNART score, but not education, was associated with a higher baseline score and slower rate of decline in MMSE and ADAS-Cog scores, and the Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes score. Neither higher premorbid IQ nor higher education was associated with longer survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a baseline AMNART score is a better predictor of cognitive change in AD than education, but neither variable is associated with survival after diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77098-3926, USA. vpavlik@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Pavlik
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Doody
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Massman
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004493:Education; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013534:Survival