title: An experimental investigation on attentional interference by threatening fixations of the neck in patients with chronic whiplash syndrome.
abstract: Previous studies using a primary task procedure have demonstrated that an experimental pain stimulus interrupts ongoing task performance in healthy volunteers and patients, and that this interruption is intensified by catastrophic thinking about pain and the perceived threat value of the pain stimulus. However, no studies have investigated the interruption of attention by relevant threatening stimuli in specific patient samples. In the present study, 40 patients with chronic whiplash syndrome and 40 healthy controls performed a primary task while simultaneously a potentially threatening neck fixation (i.e., extension and rotation) was imposed. Pain catastrophizing, fear of movement/(re)injury, hypervigilance, and depression were assessed. The patients showed a more pronounced deterioration of performance compared to controls when the neck rotation and extension fixations were introduced. Within the groups, neither catastrophic thinking nor fear predicted the magnitude of the performance deterioration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical, Clinical and Experimental Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. k.vangronsveld@dmkep.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Karoline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vangronsveld
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Damme
authors.forename: Madelon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlaeyen
authors.forename: Mariëlle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crombez
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills; D009068:Movement; D009333:Neck / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*