title: Twice-daily 0.2% brimonidine-0.5% timolol fixed-combination therapy vs monotherapy with timolol or brimonidine in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a 12-month randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of 0.2% brimonidine tartrate and 0.5% timolol maleate (fixed brimonidine-timolol) compared with the component medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2 identical, 12-month, randomized, double-masked multicenter trials, patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma were treated with fixed brimonidine-timolol twice daily (n = 385), 0.2% brimonidine tartrate 3 times daily (n = 382), or 0.5% timolol maleate twice daily (n = 392).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean change from baseline IOP and incidence of adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean decrease from baseline IOP during 12-month follow-up was 4.4 to 7.6 mm Hg with fixed brimonidine-timolol, 2.7 to 5.5 mm Hg with brimonidine, and 3.9 to 6.2 mm Hg with timolol. Mean IOP reductions were significantly greater with fixed brimonidine-timolol compared with timolol at all measurements (P< or =.002) and brimonidine at 8 am, 10 am, and 3 pm (P<.001) but not at 5 pm. The incidence of treatment-related adverse events in the fixed-combination group was lower than that in the brimonidine group (P = .006) but higher than that in the timolol group (P<.001). The rate of discontinuation for adverse events was 14.3% with the fixed combination, 30.6% with brimonidine, and 5.1% with timolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twice-daily fixed brimonidine-timolol therapy provides sustained IOP lowering superior to monotherapy with either thrice-daily brimonidine or twice-daily timolol and is better tolerated than brimonidine but less well tolerated than timolol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fixed brimonidine-timolol is an effective and convenient IOP-lowering therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: E Randy
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Harvey B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: DuBiner
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Batoosingh
authors.forename: Rhett M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Whitcup
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013999:Timolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D013999:Timolol