title: The immediate response to severe shock in a canine model with a combination of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution with naloxone.
abstract: To evaluate the acute hemodynamic and acid-base balance effects of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution (HHS) combined with naloxone in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock in 45 male splenectomized adult mongrel dogs, a severe controlled hemorrhagic shock (20 mmHg mean arterial pressure during 30 min) was established in the groups (n=6) no treatment, shed blood reinfusion, hypertonic-hyperoncotic (saline-dextran) solution alone, naloxone alone (NX), or combination. Interventions included propiopromazine-pentobarbital anesthesia and installation of Swan-Ganz, femoral arterial, and urethral catheters, and exsanguination at 20 mmHg mean arterial pressure during 30 min followed by treatment and observation for 160 min. Fifteen (33%) dogs died before completing the 30-min shock period. Another 33% from the no-treatment group died during the following 90 min. Shed blood improved the cardiac index, arterial pressure, and acid-base balance. NX restored the cardiac index to less than 60% of baseline and reduced vascular resistance. Additionally, NX produced no improvement in acidosis, with 1 dog dead at 95 min posttreatment. HHS restored the cardiac index for 45 min and increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure. Acidosis was not improved. Single-dose HHS combined with naloxone resulted in a high cardiac index, oxygen consumption, and urine output with low peripheral vascular resistance (and no acute mortality) compared with untreated or single-dose groups.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Research Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García-Martínez
authors.forename: Eliseo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portilla-de Buen
authors.forename: Caridad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santillán
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muñiz
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012769:Shock / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; C028426:hyperoncotic albumin; D009270:Naloxone