title: Positron emission tomography reveals correlations between brain metabolism and mood changes in hyperthyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperthyroidism is frequently associated with emotional distress. The underlying cerebral processes of the endocrine-induced mood changes are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the neuronal correlates of thyrotoxicosis-associated psychic symptoms using positron emission tomography (PET).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a cross-sectional trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at joint nuclear medicine and thyroid clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of emotional distress were self-rated by means of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Both patients and 20 age- and gender-matched euthyroid controls underwent a brain fluorodeoxyglucose PET scan. Subsequently, the functional relationship between brain metabolism and the psychometric scores was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls and visualized by fluorodeoxyglucose PET, hyperthyroid patients showed a decreased (P < 0.0001) glucose metabolism in the limbic system (uncus and inferior temporal gyrus). Activation foci in the posterior cingulate and in the inferior parietal lobe were correlated with both anxiety and depression scales (P < 0.001). Compared with patients with normal anxiety levels, those with increased anxiety yielded an enhanced glucose metabolism (P < 0.001) in the bilateral sensory association cortex. Serum free T3/free T4 levels negatively correlated with regional glucose metabolism in the medial posterior cingulate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyrotoxicosis and associated psychic symptoms are correlated to regional metabolic changes in the main structures of the limbic/paralimbic system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gutenberg University Hospital, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany. schreckenberger@nuklear.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schreckenberger
authors.forename: U T
authors.initials: UT
authors.lastname: Egle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drecker
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bartenstein
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kahaly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose