title: Trans-kingdom transposition of the maize dissociation element.
abstract: Transposons are very valuable tools for genetic manipulation. However, the number of transposable elements that have been suitably adapted for experimental use is insufficient and the spectrum of heterologous hosts in which they have been deployed is restricted. To date, only transposons from animal hosts have been utilized in heterologous animal species and transposons of plant origin have been used in plant genetics. There has been no experimental evidence that any of the known elements could transpose in hosts belonging to both kingdoms. Here we demonstrate that the maize Dissociation (Ds) element is capable of effective Activator (Ac) transposase-mediated transposition in the zebrafish Danio rerio, yielding remarkable germline transmission rates. In addition, mammalian cells were also found to be conducive to Ds transposition. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nuclear localization of Ac transposase is essential for genomic Ds transposition. Our results support the hypothesis that Ac/Ds elements do not rely on host-specific factors for transposition and that host factors involved in their mobility mechanism are widely conserved. Finally, even in vertebrate cells, the Ac/Ds system displays accurate transposition, large-fragment carrying capacity, high transposition frequencies, efficient germline transmission, and reporter gene expression, all of which are advantageous for various genetic applications and animal biotechnology.
authors.affiliation: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, The National University of Singapore, 117604 Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emelyanov
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Naweed Isaak
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Naqvi
authors.forename: Serguei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parinov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002460:Cell Line; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D018628:Gene Dosage; D017343:Genes, Plant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D016678:Genome; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008845:Microinjections; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D019895:Transposases / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005819:Genetic Markers; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019895:Transposases