title: Augmentation procedures for the rehabilitation of deficient edentulous ridges with oral implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze publications related to augmentation procedures and to evaluate the success of different surgical techniques for ridge reconstruction and the survival/success rates of implants placed in the augmented areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical investigations published in English involving at least 5 patients and with a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included. The following procedures were considered: a) Guided bone regeneration (GBR); 2) Onlay bone grafts; 3) Inlay grafts; 4) Bone splitting for ridge expansion (RE); 5) Distraction osteogenesis (DO); and 6) Revascularized flaps. Success rates of augmentation procedures and related morbidity, as well as survival and success rates of implants placed in the augmented sites were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success rates of surgical procedures ranged from 60% to 100% for GBR, from 92% to 100% for onlay bone grafts, from 98% to 100% for ridge expansion techniques, from 96,7% to 100% for DO, and was 87.5% for revascularized flaps, whereas survival rates of implants ranged from 92% to 100% for GBR, from 60% to 100% for onlay bone grafts, from 91% to 97.3% for RE, from 90.4% to 100% for DO, and, finally, was 88.2% for revascularized flaps.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of available data it was shown that it was difficult to demonstrate that a particular surgical procedure offered better outcome as compared to another. The main limit encountered in this review has been the overall poor methodological quality of the published articles. Therefore larger well-designed long term trials are needed.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Oral Surgery, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. matteo.chiapasco@unimi.it
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiapasco
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaniboni
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boisco
mesh_terms: D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007575:Jaw, Edentulous / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D019340:Osteotomy, Le Fort; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants