title: West Nile virus epizootiology, central Red River Valley, North Dakota and Minnesota, 2002-2005.
abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) epizootiology was monitored from 2002 through 2005 in the area surrounding Grand Forks, North Dakota. Mosquitoes were tested for infection, and birds were surveyed for antibodies. In 2003, WNV was epidemic; in 2004, cool temperatures precluded WNV amplification; and in 2005, immunity in passerines decreased, but did not preclude, WNV amplification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Nathan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mickelson
authors.forename: Gabriel W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Garman
authors.forename: Jefferson A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D003465:Culex / Q000821:virology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009658:North Dakota / Q000453:epidemiology; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000821:virology*; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral