title: Combined LDI/SAT test to evaluate intestinal lactose digestion and mucosa permeability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal mucosal damage causes impaired digestive capacity and increased mucosal permeability. Quantification of damage can be used to improve treatment options. Currently, the Lactose Digestion Index (LDI) and the Sugar Absorption Test (SAT) are used for evaluation. The investigation studied whether both tests could be combined to provide a useful multifunctional test and whether measurements in blood (LDI) could be replaced by measurements in urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LDI (25 g 13C-lactose, 0.5 g 2H-glucose), the SAT (5 g lactulose, 1 g L-rhamnose) and the LDI/SAT combination test were performed in seven lactose-digesting and eight lactose-maldigesting adults. Plasma glucose 13C-enrichment was determined by gas-chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass-spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS), 2H enrichment determined by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) and urinary sugars by gas-chromatography (GC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the separate LDI test were not different from those of the LDI/SAT in the lactose-digester group (0.82 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.09), nor in the lactose-maldigester group (0.36 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.06). A significant correlation was found between the 10-h urinary-lactose/lactulose ratio and the LDI (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.01). There were no differences in the lactulose/L-rhamnose ratio between lactose-digesters and lactose-maldigesters using both the SAT and LDI/SAT tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LDI/SAT test is a reliable method of measuring digestion and permeability simultaneously. The 10-h period urinary lactose/lactulose excretion ratio following lactose consumption reflects lactose digestive capacity.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Koetse
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klaassen
authors.forename: A R H
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: van der Molen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elzinga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bijsterveld
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boverhof
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stellaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D007787:Lactose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D007792:Lactulose; D005947:Glucose; D007785:Lactose; D012210:Rhamnose