title: Loss of Ikkbeta promotes migration and proliferation of mouse embryo fibroblast cells.
abstract: The IkappaB kinase complex (IKK) is central to the activation of NF-kappaB, a critical transcription factor governing expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic responses. Mice with genetic disruptions of the Ikkbeta or Ikkgamma gene loci die during embryogenesis because of severe hepatic apoptosis. We now show that Ikkbeta gene deficiency promotes migration and proliferation of mouse embryo fibroblast cells. Morphological analyses revealed an unusual protrusion of the cytoplasm in Ikkbeta(-/-) cells when cultured at a lower density. In a Boyden chamber assay, Ikkbeta(-/-) cells exhibited a high rate of invasion and migration. Enhanced formation of actin stress fibers was also observed in the Ikkbeta(-/-) cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that IKKbeta affects the expression of proteins involved in the assembly of cytoskeleton and cell movement. Furthermore, re-expression of Ikkbeta and antioxidant treatment in Ikkbeta(-/-) cells caused a reversal of protrusive phenotype and high motility, respectively. Furthermore, elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) blocked expression of snail and subsequently derepressed E-cadherin expression. Although the underlying mechanism is likely entangled and complicated, the data presented indicate that generation of ROS played a key role in the morphological and mobility changes in Ikkbeta(-/-) cells. These data thus suggest that IKKbeta provides inhibitory signals for cell mobility and growth. Deficiency in the Ikkbeta gene promotes cell mobilization, at least partially, through a ROS-dependent mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lfd3@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongju
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Vince
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D010641:Phenotype; D034622:RNA Interference; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase