title: A normative study of the Trail Making Test in Korean elders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of age, education and gender on the performance of the Trail Making Test (TMT) and provide normative information in Korean elders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TMT was administered to 997 community-dwelling volunteers aged 60-90. People with serious neurological, medical and psychiatric disorders, including dementia, were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Education and age had significant effects on both parts of the TMT. Gender also had an effect on part A of the TMT (Trail A). Based on these results, the norms of Trail A stratified by age (four overlapping tables), education (four strata) and gender, and the norms of part B of TMT (Trail B) stratified by age (four overlapping tables) and education (three strata).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age and educational level had a considerable influence on both Trail A and B. Our normative information on the Trail A will be useful in the elders with poor educational attainment and can be utilized for cross-cultural comparison of the Trail A performance. The fact that a large number of elders fail to complete Trail B indicates a limited applicability of Trail B in elderly population, particularly with poor educational background.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, and Department of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Hyun
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Dong Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ki Woong
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Hie
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin Hyeong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jhoo
authors.forename: Jong Choul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Il Han
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Jong Inn
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D014145:Trail Making Test