title: Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible polymer interlayers on titanium implant materials.
abstract: A bifunctional copolymer series of (4-vinylbenzyl)phosphonic acid diethylester and N-acryloxysuccinimide was developed as an interlayer with the aim of immobilizing proteins on titanium surfaces. Copolymers with varying compositions were synthesized, and an alternating copolymerization of the two monomers was found. The copolymers form ultrathin films of about 2-8 nm on titanium surfaces in a simple dipping process, as estimated from the attenuation of the titanium X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Ti-XPS) signal. The films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, XPS, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the immobilization is due to phosphonate groups, and thus the phosphonate content of the copolymers is decisive for the final film thickness. These polymer films were examined for their potential protein binding capacity by using trifluoroethylamine derivatization and subsequent XPS analysis as a reactivity assay.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Technische Chemie, Abt. TC Makromolekularer Stoffe, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Strasse 10, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adden
authors.forename: Lara J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gamble
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Castner
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Menzel
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002845:Chromatography; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005021:Ethylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005021:Ethylamines; D007477:Ions; D011108:Polymers; C032626:trifluoroethylamine; D014025:Titanium