title: Effects of antiplatelet components of tomato extract on platelet function in vitro and ex vivo: a time-course cannulation study in healthy humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural antithrombotic agents that influence platelet function are of potential interest for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Previous reports showed that tomato extracts inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro, but little is known of the active components, their mode of action, or their efficacy in vivo.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the study were to examine the antiplatelet activity of specific tomato components by in vitro experimentation and to establish their ex vivo efficacy in healthy humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mechanisms of action of antiplatelet components isolated from tomato extracts were examined in vitro. A 7-h time-course study was carried out in cannulated human subjects (n = 23) to determine the ex vivo efficacy of a supplement drink containing tomato extract and the onset and duration of antiplatelet effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inhibition of ADP-, collagen-, thrombin-, and arachidonate-mediated platelet aggregation by tomato extract components appears to be linked to the inhibition of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and platelet secretory mechanisms. We found a significant inhibition of baseline platelet function, from 2.9 +/- 1.4% (optimal ADP concentrations; P = 0.03) to 20.0 +/- 4.9% (suboptimal ADP concentrations; P < 0.001), 3 h after supplementation with a dose of tomato extract equivalent to 6 tomatoes. The observed effects persisted for >12 h. Coagulation variables were not affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ingestion of tomato components with in vitro antiplatelet activity significantly affects ex vivo platelet function. The reported cardioprotective effects of tomatoes are potentially linked to a modulation of platelet function.
authors.affiliation: Provexis plc, The Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: O'Kennedy
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crosbie
authors.forename: Machteld
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Lieshout
authors.forename: John I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Broom
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Asim K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Duttaroy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002404:Catheterization; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D040201:Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D039661:Integrin beta3; D010936:Plant Extracts; D040201:Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb