title: Chewing fails to induce oral bacteraemia in patients with periodontal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether chewing in patients with untreated chronic periodontitis or plaque-induced gingivitis causes bacteraemia of oral origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with untreated chronic periodontitis (32-75 years old) and 20 with plaque-induced gingivitis (26-54 years old) chewed a standard wax medium for 4 min. Blood samples were drawn before, during and 5 min. post-chewing. Aerobic and anaerobic Bactec system culturing was performed for 21 days and positive bottles were subcultured and isolates were identified to genus level. A full periodontal analysis was performed on all teeth and included probing depths, recession, attachment levels, bleeding on probing, mobility plaque index and gingival index. Radiographs were assessed for the severity of alveolar bone loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No bacteraemia of oral origin was detected in any patient. Skin contaminants (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium spp.) were detected in blood samples from three patients (two periodontitis; one gingivitis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chewing did not cause bacteraemia in chronic periodontitis or plaque-induced gingivitis patients and may not be a risk factor for infective endocarditis in at-risk individuals with periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Brad H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000150:complications; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000145:classification; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D011424:Propionibacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011859:Radiography; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000302:isolation & purification