title: Alterations in cardiac contractile performance and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in sucrose-fed rats is associated with insulin resistance.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes the development of a specific cardiomyopathy that results from the metabolic derangements present in DM and manifests as cardiac contractile dysfunction. Although myocardial dysfunction in Type 1 DM has been associated with defects in the function and regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), very little is known about SR function in Type 2 DM. Accordingly, this study examined whether abnormalities in cardiac contractile performance and SR function occur in the prestage of Type 2 DM (i.e., during insulin resistance). Sucrose feeding was used to induce whole body insulin resistance, whereas cardiac contractile performance was assessed by echocardiography and SR function was measured by SR calcium (Ca(2+)) uptake. Sucrose-fed rats exhibited hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia relative to control rats. Serial echocardiographic assessments in the sucrose-fed rats revealed early abnormalities in diastolic function followed by late systolic dysfunction and concurrent alterations in myocardial structure. The hearts of the 10-wk sucrose-fed rats showed depressed SR function demonstrated by a significant reduction in SR Ca(2+) uptake. The decline in SR Ca(2+) uptake was associated with a significant decrease in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of phospholamban. The results show that abnormalities in cardiac contractile performance and SR function occur at an insulin-resistant stage before the manifestation of overt Type 2 DM.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Zainisha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vasanji
authors.forename: Elliott J F
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: Danijel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Juric
authors.forename: Mellissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moyen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Netticadan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D003971:Diastole; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013599:Systole; D000099211:Phospholamban
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000099211:Phospholamban