title: Effects of simultaneous application of ultrasound and microbubbles on intracerebral hemorrhage in an animal model.
abstract: Microbubble-enhanced sonothrombolysis (MEST) may be an alternative therapeutic option in ischemic stroke. Clinical study of the efficacy of MEST as an adjunct stroke therapy, before imaging with CT or MRI, requires experimental data on the safety of this approach in the presence of hemorrhagic stroke. We, therefore, investigated the effect of diagnostic transcranial ultrasound combined with microbubbles (US + MB) in an experimental animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH was induced in anesthetized rats by intracerebral collagenase injection. Transcranial ultrasound (2 MHz, mechanical index 1.3, 1051 kPa) was applied 3 h after ICH induction to rat brains for 30 min during a continuous IV infusion of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles (SonoVue). The size of cerebral hemorrhage, the extent of brain edema, and the amount of apoptosis were compared with those from control rats with ICH but without US + MB. Results showed no significant effect of US + MB on hemorrhage size (control 23.3 +/- 10.7 mm(3), US + MB 20.3 +/- 5.8 mm(3)), on the extent of brain edema (control 3.3 +/- 2.0%, US +MB 3.5 +/- 1.9%), or on the rate of apoptosis (control 5.2 +/- 1.5%, US + MB 5.2 +/- 1.0%). We conclude that diagnostic ultrasound in combination with microbubbles does not cause additional damage to the rat brain during ICH in our experimental set-up. This finding provides support for the use of MEST as an early stroke therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stroick
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fatar
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griebe
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreisel
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaud
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arditi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hennerici
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meairs
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride