title: Protective effects of N-acetylcysteine and erdosteine on hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The drugs N-acetylcysteine and erdosteine were used to evaluate their protective effects in hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty rats were used and randomly allocated into four groups (n=10). Animals in group III were fed with water containing 1 mg/dl erdosteine, and those in group IV were given 0.5 mg/dl N-acetylcysteine 3 days before the experiment. Group I was taken as the control and group II was taken as the hemorrhagic shock group. Hemorrhagic shock was initiated by blood withdrawal and reduction of the mean arterial pressure to 40 mmHg within 10 min via the right carotid artery. After a hypotensive period of 2 h, animals were resuscitated by transfusion of the shed blood and Ringer lactate in a volume equal to the shed blood. After a period of 1 h, blood samples were taken via the carotid artery. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to recover cells from the alveolar space with 40 ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Lung tissues were also resected to measure tissue malondialdehyde and L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine levels with high performance liquid chromatography. The numbers of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the shock groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Lung malondialdehyde levels were also significantly increased in the shock groups (P<0.05). In the erdosteine-applied group, tissue malondialdehyde levels were lower than in group II and the NAC-applied group (P<0.05). In the analyses of serum and lung tissue L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, the values of groups I, II and IV were found to be below the calibration graphics. The alveolar macrophage count was found to be the highest and the neutrophil count the lowest in group III when compared with the other groups in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analyses (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We may say that in the model of hemorrhagic shock-induced acute lung injury, it was found that erdosteine has a protective effect on lung tissue.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkan
authors.forename: Füsun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eroğlu
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eroğlu
authors.forename: Cağri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ergin
authors.forename: Celal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cerçi
authors.forename: Güleren
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alsancak
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils; D011292:Premedication; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013864:Thioglycolates; D013876:Thiophenes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C048498:erdosteine; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine