title: [Ovarian tissue vitrification: Cortex and whole ovary in sheep].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate a cryopreservation technique by vitrification of cortex or whole ovaries in sheep, using two cryoprotectant solutions: VS1 and VS4 and to study their physical properties to avoid ice crystallisation by vitrification of whole sheep ovaries permeated with a cryoprotectant solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 6-month-old ewes, whole sheep ovaries with their vascular pedicles were collected at the slaughterhouse or at the veterinary school and prepared for cryoprotectant toxicity tests and freezing procedure. Follicle viability was measured by trypan blue test and histological examination of ovary. The hemi-ovarian cortex was stored in liquid nitrogen. Four to six weeks after the first laparotomy, the controlateral ovary was removed and the vitrified-warmed hemi-ovary was sutured. Thermal properties of a cryoprotectant solution called VS4 (critical cooling rates [Vccr], vitreous transition temperature [Tg], end of melting temperature [Tm]) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in follicle viability or normal follicle rates was observed between ovarian cortex exposed or non-exposed to cryoprotectant solutions. Nor was any significant difference observed before and after vitrification. Three pregnancies occurred, from which four lambs were born after autografts of vitrified ovarian cortex. With whole ovary, the decrease in the number of normal follicles was lower when frozen-thawed ovaries were treated with VS4 (P = 0.04). There were less nuclear anomalies (P = 0.02). The Vccr of VS4 has been estimated to be 14.3+/-1.1 degrees C/min and Tg was -125.0+/-0.2 degrees C. Because the penetration of cryoprotectants was very low, Vccr was very high and the cooling speed did not allow cortex to vitrify.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryopreservation of cortex or whole ovary by vitrification seems a promising technique in reproductive medicine. The best histologic results were obtained with the VS4 cryoprotectant when whole ovary was vitrified.
authors.affiliation: Unité Inserm 418, hôpital Debrousse, 29, rue Soeur-Bouvier, 69322 Lyon cedex 05, France. jlornage@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lornage
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Courbière
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazoyer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Odagescu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baudot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bordes
authors.forename: M-T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Poirel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franck
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005260:Female; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology; D010053:Ovary / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D011247:Pregnancy; D012756:Sheep; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D012996:Solutions