title: Recruiting participants to cancer prevention clinical trials: lessons from successful community oncology networks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the organizational designs and task environments of community oncology networks with high accrual rates to cancer prevention clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Replicated case study design; structural contingency theory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local Community Clinical Oncology Programs (CCOPs) funded by the National Cancer Institute to test preventive and therapeutic interventions in community settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary sample: oncology professionals affiliated with four CCOPs ranking among the top 10 in earned cancer control accrual credits in fiscal years 1999-2003. Secondary sample: oncology professionals affiliated with three CCOPs ranking among the top 10 three to four times during the study period. A total of 63 people participated in the interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary sample: on-site interviews with CCOP investigators, clinical research staff, and nononcology physicians. Secondary sample: telephone interviews with each CCOP's nurse administrator and at least one prevention research nurse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staffing patterns, organizational processes, recruitment strategies, and environmental characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the CCOPs employed dedicated prevention research staff. Recruitment through media publicity, mass mailings, or group information sessions worked best when prevention trials had flexible eligibility requirements and evaluated interventions with few health risks. Prevention trials evaluating agents with known toxicities in high-risk populations required more targeted recruitment through cancer screening programs, physician referral networks, and one-on-one discussions with protocol candidates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-performing CCOPs configured their structures, processes, and recruitment strategies to fit with accrual goals. They also benefited from stable and supportive task environments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse-coordinated research networks have great potential to generate new knowledge about cancer prevention that can reduce cancer incidence and mortality significantly.
authors.affiliation: Community Health Solutions, Inc., Richmond, KY, USA. mcki5494@bellsouth.net
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McKinney
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D019058:Community Networks / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004608:Eligibility Determination; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000458:organization & administration; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D018579:Patient Selection