title: Re-biopsy of the prostate using a stereotactic transperineal technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we investigated the detection rate and morbidity of stereotactic transperineal prostate re-biopsy with 3-dimensional mapping for diagnosis of nonpalpable isoechoic occult prostate malignancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 180 consecutive patients with continued increasing total prostate specific antigen and at least 1 prior benign transrectal prostate biopsy underwent stereotactic transperineal prostate biopsy at a single outpatient institution between April 2004 and March 2006. Similar to a prostate brachytherapy procedure, patients were placed in the dorsal lithotomy position. With the patient under general anesthesia, and using transrectal ultrasound, a perineal brachytherapy template and stabilizing device, the prostate was positioned on the implant grid. It was equally divided into 8 sections (octants) according to x and y coordinates on the mid gland axial image. The midplanes of axial and sagittal prostate gland images for each patient determined the x, y and z coordinates that would occupy each octant. Tissue cores were initially obtained from the apical octants, followed by identical x and y coordinates of the basilar octants. Specimens from each specific octant were placed in 1 of 8 specimen jars and pathological review was reported accordingly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stereotactic transperineal prostate biopsy yielded positive biopsies identifying adenocarcinoma in 68 of 180 (38%) patients. Acute urinary retention developed in 18 of 180 (10%) patients requiring an indwelling urinary catheter upon discharge home. In all patients estimated blood loss was less than 5 cc and median pain score was 1 of 10.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic transperineal prostate biopsy is extremely well tolerated and useful for diagnosis of nonpalpable isoechoic occult prostate malignancy. Additionally, stereotactic transperineal prostate biopsy provides comprehensive tissue sampling with accurate 3-dimensional mapping of malignancy in this select group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Chicago Prostate Cancer Center, Westmont, Illinois 60559, USA. seeds@prostateimplant.com
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Michelle H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Braccioforte
authors.forename: Dean J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Conterato
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010502:Perineum; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen