title: Neither sequence variation in the IL-10 gene promoter nor presence of IL-10 protein in the cerebral cortex is associated with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine produced in response to neuroinflammation and might be involved in modulating the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through inhibiting the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We have used immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, real time-PCR (RT-PCR) on frontal (BA 6/24) and temporal (BA 20-22) neocortex and hippocampus from AD and control brains as well as genetic association analysis to address the possible involvement of IL-10 in AD. Expression of IL-10 in AD and control brains at both protein and mRNA levels were detected. However, the level of expression, particularly of IL-10 protein, varied considerably in individual brains and we did not find a significant difference between AD and controls. Using direct sequencing we examined five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-3538, -1354, -1087, -824, -597) and two microsatellites (IL-10-G, IL-10-R) in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene. None of the identified SNPs were found to be associated with AD either individually or as haplotypes. Levels of IL-10 protein and gene expression examined also did not appear to be related to AD. Despite this being a relatively small sample, these data suggest that IL-10 does not play a major role in the development of AD.
authors.affiliation: Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Sciences at North Bristol, University of Bristol, John James Buildings, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1LE, United Kingdom. Doris.Culpan@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Culpan
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Prince
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Love
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kehoe
authors.forename: Gordon K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Wilcock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10