title: Does HAART improve renal function? An association between serum cystatin C concentration, HIV viral load and HAART duration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of renal disease in human HIV-infected individuals varies between 2% and 10%. Many reports have demonstrated the beneficial effect of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy on slowing the progression of renal diseases. The aim of our cross-sectional study was to determine serum cystatin C concentration in different stages of HIV infection and the relationship between cystatin C concentration and ARV treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cystatin C concentration was measured in the sera of 77 HIV-1-infected individuals and 18 HIV-seronegative volunteers. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV infection resulted in a significant increase in serum cystatin C concentration compared with healthy individuals (933.4 +/- 32.1 vs 621.1 +/- 56.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in urea, creatinine and GFR between those groups. On multivariate analyses serum cystatin C was independently associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) duration (beta = -0.34, P = 0.04) and HIV viral load (beta = 0.33, P = 0.04), whereas there were no significant relationships with age, body mass index, HIV duration, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts and serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial observations indicate that serum cystatin C, which may reflect mild renal dysfunction, is increased during HIV-infection and is associated with HIV viral load. Long-lasting HAART seems to decrease cystatin C concentration, thus potentially improves renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaroszewicz
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiercinska-Drapalo
authors.forename: Tadeusz W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Lapinski
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prokopowicz
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rogalska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parfieniuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors