title: Porcine alveolar epithelial cells in primary culture: morphological, bioelectrical and immunocytochemical characterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to establish a primary culture of porcine lung epithelial cells as an alternative to the currently existing cell cultures from other species, such as e.g., rat or human. Primary porcine lung epithelial cells were isolated, cultivated and analyzed at distinct time points after isolation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main part of the work focused on the morphology of the cells and the detection of alveolar epithelial cell markers by using electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. Regarding a later use for in vitro pulmonary drug absorption studies the barrier properties of the cell monolayer were evaluated by monitoring bioelectrical parameters and by marker transport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epithelial cells isolated from porcine lung grew to confluent monolayers with typical intercellular junctions within a few days. Maximum transepithelial resistance of about 2,000 Omega cm2 was achieved and demonstrated the formation of a tight epithelial barrier. Permeability data of sodium fluorescein recommended a minimal transepithelial resistance of 600 Omega cm2 for transport studies. The cell population changed from a heterogeneous morphology and marker distribution (caveolin-1, pro-SP-C, surface sugars) towards a monolayer consisting of two cell types resembling type I and type II pneumocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The porcine alveolar epithelial primary cell culture holds promise for drug transport studies, because it shares major hallmarks of the mammalian alveolar epithelium and it is easily available and scaled up for drug screening.
authors.affiliation: Across Barriers GmbH, Department R&D Cell & Tissue based Systems, Science Park Saar, Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steimer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laue
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Eleonore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haltner-Ukomado
authors.forename: Claus-Michael
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lehr
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019793:Fluorescein; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000378:metabolism; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013552:Swine; D016707:Tissue Fixation
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D037102:Lectins; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D019793:Fluorescein