title: Ethnic minorities and prescription medication; concordance between self-reports and medical records.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethnic differences in health care utilisation are frequently reported in research. Little is known about the concordance between different methods of data collection among ethnic minorities. The aim of this study was to examine to which extent ethnic differences between self-reported data and data based on electronic medical records (EMR) from general practitioners (GPs) might be a validity issue or reflect a lower compliance among minority groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, national representative general practice study, using EMR data from 195 GPs. The study population consisted of Dutch, Turks, Surinamese, Antilleans and Morrocans. Self-reported data were collected through face-to-face interviews and could be linked to the EMR of GPs. The main outcome measures were the level of agreement between annual prescribing rate based on the EMRs of GPs and the self-reported receipt and use of prescriptions during the preceding 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pattern of ethnic differences in receipt and use of prescription medication depended on whether self-reported data or EMR data were used. Ethnic differences based on self-reports were not consistently reflected in EMR data. The percentage of agreement above chance between EMR data and self-reported receipt was in general relative low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethnic differences between self-reported data and EMR data might not be fully perceived as a cross-cultural validity issue. At least for Moroccans and Turks, compliance with the prescribed medication by the GP is suggested not to be optimal.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, Netherlands. e.uiters@minjus.nl
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uiters
authors.forename: Liset
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Devillé
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Foets
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spreeuwenberg
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Groenewegen
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008498:Medical Record Linkage; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009018:Morocco / Q000208:ethnology; D009426:Netherlands; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology*; D012646:Self Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012650:Self Disclosure; D013532:Suriname / Q000208:ethnology; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology