title: Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 3A contains six nuclear-localization signals.
abstract: The Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 3A (EBNA3A) is one of only six viral proteins essential for Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of primary human B cells in vitro. Viral proteins such as EBNA3A are able to interact with cellular proteins, manipulating various biochemical and signalling pathways to initiate and maintain the transformed state of infected cells. EBNA3A has been reported to have one nuclear-localization signal and is targeted to the nucleus during transformation, where it associates with components of the nuclear matrix. By using enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged deletion mutants of EBNA3A in combination with site-directed mutagenesis, an additional five functional nuclear-localization signals have been identified in the EBNA3A protein. Two of these (aa 63-66 and 375-381) were computer-predicted, whilst the remaining three (aa 394-398, 573-578 and 598-603) were defined functionally in this study.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Griffith Medical Research Centre, Griffith University, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Griffith Medical Research Centre, Griffith University, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: Queensland University of Technology, School of Life Sciences, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.|Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Griffith Medical Research Centre, Griffith University, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Roslynn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stirzaker
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Griffith Medical Research Centre, Griffith University, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Kenia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krauer
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Griffith Medical Research Centre, Griffith University, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sculley
mesh_terms: D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: C508151:EBNA-3A antigen; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D019913:Nuclear Localization Signals