title: Cag pathogenicity island-independent up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -2 secretion and expression in mice by Helicobacter pylori infection.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island (PAI) is a major determinant of gastric injury via induction of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the present study, we examined the influence of the cag PAI on gastric infection and MMP-9 production in mice and in cultured cells. A new mouse colonizing Indian H. pylori strain (AM1) that lacks the cag PAI was used to study the cag PAI importance in inflammation. Groups of C57BL/6 mice were inoculated separately with H. pylori strains AM1 and SS1 (cag+), gastric tissues were histologically examined, and bacterial colonization was scored by quantitative culture. Mice infected with either cag+ or cag- H. pylori strains showed gastric inflammation and elevated MMP-3 production. Significant up-regulation of pro-MMP-9 secretion and gene expression in H. pylori infected gastric tissues indicate dispensability of cag PAI for increased pro-MMP-9 secretion and synthesis in mice. In agreement, cell culture studies revealed that both AM1 and SS1 were equipotent in pro-MMP-9 induction in human gastric epithelial cells. Both strains showed moderate increase in MMP-2 activity in vivo and in vitro. In addition, increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 induced pro-MMP-9 secretion and synthesis in AM1 or SS1 strain-infected mice suggesting elicitation of pro-inflammatory cytokines by both cag- and cag+ genotype. Moreover, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 expression were decreased with increase in pro-MMP-9 induction. These data show that H. pylori may act through different pathways other than cag PAI-mediated for gastric inflammation and contribute to up-regulation of MMP-9 via pro-inflammatory cytokines.
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India.
authors.forename: Parag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kundu
authors.forename: Asish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Rajashree
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.forename: Aditi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Snehasikta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swarnakar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D044404:Genomic Islands; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013270:Stomach / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9