title: Serum basal hormone concentrations and muscle mass in aging women: effects of strength training and diet.
abstract: This study examined the effects of strength training and diet on serum basal hormone concentrations and muscle mass in aging women. Fifty-one women age 49 to 74 y were divided into two groups: strength training and nutritional counseling (n = 25), and strength training (n = 26). Both groups performed strength training twice a week for 21 wk. Nutritional counseling was given to attain sufficient energy and protein intake and recommended intake of fat and fiber. We found that the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris increased by 9.5 +/- 4.1% in the nutritional counseling group versus 6.8 +/- 3.5% in the strength training only group after training (P < 0.052). Nutritional counseling evoked dietary changes such as increases in the proportion of energy from protein and the ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Strength training increased testosterone and testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin ratio after the first half of training, but these returned to baseline values at the end of the entire training period. Changes in serum basal hormone concentrations did not differ between the groups. Our results support the conclusion that nutritional counseling can contribute to the increase in the muscle cross-sectional area during prolonged strength training in aging women.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sallinen
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pakarinen
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fogelholm
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sillanpää
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alen
authors.forename: Jeff S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Volek
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate