title: Evaluation of dosing regimen of respirable rifampicin biodegradable microspheres in the treatment of tuberculosis in the guinea pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The efficacy of rifampicin-loaded polymeric microspheres (RPLGA) delivered to guinea pigs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) was compared with a daily dose of nebulized rifampicin suspension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aerosol-infected animals were subjected to multiple dose or single dose treatment with RPLGA, PLGA microspheres or micronized rifampicin suspension aerosols. For comparison with treatment with suspensions of microspheres, additional groups received daily doses of rifampicin-only suspensions for 20 (20-RIF) and 10 (10-RIF) days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drug and polymer treated multiple dose groups exhibited significantly lower wet lung weights than untreated animals. Spleen wet weights and viable bacterial counts (VBCs) were much lower for drug microsphere treated animals than for all other groups. In multiple dose studies with rifampicin-only suspensions, wet lung weights for 10-RIF and 20-RIF treated animals were much smaller than controls. Likewise, wet spleen weights of 10-RIF and 20-RIF treated animals were much smaller than controls, consistent with reduced inflammation. Spleen VBC of 20-RIF treated animals was much smaller than controls. No statistical differences were observed in the lung VBC among single dose groups. However, a trend similar to that of the wet weights was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerosolized RPLGA reduced most measures of tuberculosis (TB) infection. These studies are further evidence for the potential of inhaled aerosol therapy for the treatment of TB. However, additional studies are required to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and optimize this route of drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garcia-Contreras
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sethuraman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazantseva
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hickey
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008168:Lung / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000382:microbiology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D012293:Rifampin