title: Relationship between viral load and genotypes of hepatitis B virus in children with chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the prevalence and clinical significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in children with chronic hepatitis B.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatitis B virus genomes of 249 hepatitis Be antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers were genotyped based on restriction fragment length polymorphism. Genotypes were correlated with corresponding values for alanine aminotransferase levels, quantitative HBV DNA and histological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and sixty-two boys and 87 girls (mean age, 7.2 years) were studied. Ninety-six percent were attributed to HBV genotypes A (32.5%) or D (63.5%). The remaining were classified as genotypes B, C, E and F. There was no significant difference in both alanine aminotransferase levels and histological findings among different genotypes. However, there was a clear association between very high HBV DNA levels and individuals with genotype D (P = 0.006). Mean time follow-up of 3.6 years showed later anti-HBe seroconversion in patients with genotype D than in those with genotype A (58% vs 37%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with children with genotype A, children with genotype D showed a significantly higher viral load. Inasmuch as a relationship exists between viral load and response to treatment in children infected through vertical transmission, children with genotype D have to be carefully monitored. Long-term studies are needed to determine whether these patients are at risk of a poorer outcome.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Prasad T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Oommen
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wintermeyer
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000097:blood; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D000410:Alanine Transaminase