title: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of inosine, a potential biomarker for initial cardiac ischaemia, using isolated mouse hearts.
abstract: Each year in the USA approximately 7-8 million patients with non-traumatic chest pain come to hospital emergency rooms. It is estimated that approximately 2-5% of these patients are experiencing cardiac ischaemia, but due to the shortcomings of the available testing methods they are incorrectly diagnosed and discharged without appropriate therapy having been provided. Preliminary data with a globally ischaemic mouse heart model has demonstrated that endogenous inosine might be a potential biomarker of initial cardiac ischaemia before cardiac tissue necrosis. A high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was utilized for the detection and quantification of inosine in Krebs-Henseleit (Krebs) buffer solution perfusing from surgically removed and isolated mouse hearts undergoing global cardiac ischaemia. A C18 column at a flow rate of 0.6 ml min-1 with an aqueous mobile phase of trifluoroacetic acid (0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in deionized water, pH 2.2, v/v) and methanol gradient was used for component separation. The assay detection limit for inosine in Krebs buffer solution was 500 ng ml-1 using a 100-microl neat injection. The HPLC results were used to determine total cardiac effluxed inosine into the Krebs effluent for each mouse during oxidative stress and compared with the per cent cardiac ventricular functional recovery rate to determine if a relationship exists amongst this cardiovascular parameter during periods of cardiac oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, VCU Medical Center, Virginia Commonwealth UNiversity, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farthing
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gehr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larus
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Karnes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007288:Inosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005609:Free Radicals; D007288:Inosine