title: Vascularized bone blocks from the toe phalanx to solve complex intercalated defects in the fingers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vascularized bone transplants resist infection and allow rapid healing but keeping small bony segments vascularized, as needed for a finger defect, is a challenge. The purpose of this article is to present a cohort of patients with traumatic intercalated compound bony defects in the fingers that were reconstructed by a vascularized toe phalanx (or part of a phalanx) in a single stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients were treated with an intercalary vascularized bone graft that included a part of the proximal phalanx (3 patients), most of the middle phalanx (4 patients), or a portion of each phalanx (1 patient) of a second toe (totaling 9 bone blocks). There was an associated soft-tissue defect in each patient, an infection in 6 patients, and cartilage loss in 4 patients. The toes were pedicled on the proper digital artery (6 patients) or a segment of the first dorsal metatarsal artery (2 patients). A mean length of 12 mm of vascularized bone was transferred. The associated skin island varied from a minimum of 2 x 1 cm to a maximum of 5 x 3 cm. Bleeding from all of the bone surfaces was evidenced once the clamps were released. The homolateral digital nerve and the contralateral neurovascular pedicle of the toe were kept in place. The toe defect was treated by soft-tissue arthroplasty or arthrodesis. No toe was amputated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiologic bony union was evident at 4 to 6 weeks, except in 1 patient with an acute infection whose distal union failed to unite at 6 weeks because the infection recurred. Finger length loss averaged 3 mm. All patients returned to their preoperative occupation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this group of patients the toe phalanx reliably maintained its vascularization, allowing us to solve compound osteocutaneous defects in the fingers in a single stage. Donor site morbidity was minimal.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Cirugía Plástica y de la Mano, Hospital Mutua Montañesa, Clínica Mompía, Santander, Spain. drpinal@drpinal.com
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: del Piñal
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: García-Bernal
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanmartín
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regalado
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cagigal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005385:Fingers / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011859:Radiography; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D050277:Toe Phalanges / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing