title: Central peptidergic ensembles associated with organization of an innate behavior.
abstract: At the end of each developmental stage, insects perform the ecdysis sequence, an innate behavior necessary for shedding the old cuticle. Ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) initiate these behaviors through direct actions on the CNS. Here, we identify the ETH receptor (ETHR) gene in the moth Manduca sexta, which encodes two subtypes of GPCR (ETHR-A and ETHR-B). Expression of ETHRs in the CNS coincides precisely with acquisition of CNS sensitivity to ETHs and behavioral competence. ETHR-A occurs in diverse networks of neurons, producing both excitatory and inhibitory neuropeptides, which appear to be downstream signals for behavior regulation. These peptides include allatostatins, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), calcitonin-like diuretic hormone, CRF-like diuretic hormones (DHs) 41 and 30, eclosion hormone, kinins, myoinhibitory peptides (MIPs), neuropeptide F, and short neuropeptide F. In particular, cells L(3,4) in abdominal ganglia coexpress kinins, DH41, and DH30, which together elicit the fictive preecdysis rhythm. Neurons IN704 in abdominal ganglia coexpress CCAP and MIPs, whose joint actions initiate the ecdysis motor program. ETHR-A also is expressed in brain ventromedial cells, whose release of EH increases excitability in CCAP/MIP neurons. These findings provide insights into how innate, centrally patterned behaviors can be orchestrated via recruitment of peptide cotransmitter neurons.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Entomology, 2103 Biological Sciences Building, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dusan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zitnan
authors.forename: Kook-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schooley
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizoguchi
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007301:Insect Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018402:Manduca / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018978:Molting / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018000:Receptors, Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007301:Insect Hormones; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D010455:Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018000:Receptors, Peptide