title: What are the most powerful determinants of endoscopic vesicoureteral reflux correction? Multivariate analysis of a single institution experience during 6 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As the indications for endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux continue to expand, the emergence of potential predictive variables has been noted. We used univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to find the most significant predictors of correction to improve patient selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of patients treated at a single institution was reviewed. Between August 1998 and August 2004, 232 children endoscopically injected with polydimethylsiloxane were identified, representing 351 refluxing units. A total of 23 variables were subjected to statistical analysis to detect predictors of reflux correction after injection. All identified patients with complete data and followup evaluations were included irrespective of anatomical variations, previous interventions or comorbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall success rate by patient and renal unit was 65% and 72%, respectively. In patients with a single system low grade (1-3) vesicoureteral reflux who did not previously undergo injection this success rate increased to 80%. Univariate analysis demonstrated that higher physician experience, low preoperative vesicoureteral reflux grade, absent renal scars and no previous injections were statistically significant predictors of vesicoureteral reflux correction (p <0.05). A history of febrile urinary tract infections and a duplex system did not attain significance (p = 0.069 and 0.076, respectively). On multivariate statistical evaluation only physician experience, preoperative vesicoureteral reflux grade and the number of previous injections remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multivariate analysis of our data showed the most important determinants of vesicoureteral reflux correction after endoscopic injection. Prospective validation will allow us to generate nomograms to better select and counsel patients who would benefit from vesicoureteral reflux treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Armando J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Joao L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pippi Salle
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grober
authors.forename: M Chad
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: Darius J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bägli
authors.forename: Antoine E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012828:Silicones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D012828:Silicones; C013830:baysilon