title: Use of carotid intima-media thickness and vascular age to modify cardiovascular risk prediction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study identified predictors of patients for whom carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurement and determination of vascular age could change cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied consecutive patients who were asymptomatic and nondiabetic, referred for ultrasound measurement of CIMT. Individuals with CIMT 75th percentile or greater for age, sex, and race were defined as having advanced subclinical atherosclerosis. CIMT values were converted to vascular age estimates and were used to modify Framingham 10-year CVD risk estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 506 patients, 261 (51.6%) were not taking lipid-lowering therapy. Advanced subclinical atherosclerosis was present in 77 (30%). There were 62 patients (23.8%) with a change in CVD risk of 5% or more. Predictors of 5% or more change in CVD risk were systolic blood pressure (P < .001), total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (P < .001), and male sex (P < .001). Of the 97 patients at moderate or moderately high risk, 56.7% changed risk classification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of CIMT and determination of vascular age can identify individuals with advanced subclinical atherosclerosis, resulting in clinically meaningful alterations in CVD risk estimates.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Atherosclerosis Imaging Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Adam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Gepner
authors.forename: Jon G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Keevil
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Wyman
authors.forename: Claudia E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Korcarz
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Aeschlimann
authors.forename: Kjersten L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology