title: Protective effect of the Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu against high glucose-induced oxidative stress in LLC-PK1 cells.
abstract: We investigated the effects of Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu on high glucose-induced oxidative stress using LLC-PK(1) cells, renal tubular cells, which are the most vulnerable renal tissue to oxidative stress. High-concentration glucose (30mM) treatment induced LLC-PK(1) cell death, but Kangen-karyu, at a concentration of 5, 10 or 50 microg/ml, significantly inhibited high glucose-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, the intracellular reactive oxygen species level was increased by 30mM glucose treatment, but it was concentration-dependently inhibited by Kangen-karyu treatment. Moreover, 30mM glucose treatment induced high levels of superoxide anion, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. However, Kangen-karyu treatment significantly reduced the radical overproduction induced by high glucose, suggesting Kangen-karyu has radical-scavenging activity that would protect against oxidative stress induced by high glucose. Kangen-karyu also reduced the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins induced by high glucose. Furthermore, treatment with Kangen-karyu, at a concentration of 50mug/ml, inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B induced by 30mM glucose in LLC-PK(1) cells. These findings indicate that Kangen-karyu is a potential therapeutic agent that will reduce the damage caused by hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress associated with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. yokozawa@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokozawa
authors.forename: Young-Ae
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005947:Glucose / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018374:LLC-PK1 Cells; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C468270:Kangen-karyu; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013481:Superoxides; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005947:Glucose