title: The evolving story of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clade members detected in fish.
abstract: Advances in molecular analyses have permitted documentation of an increasing spectrum of mycobacteria infecting fish. Although some of these mycobacteria are not closely related, several species belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis clade. One member of the clade, M. marinum, is well known as an agent of piscine mycobacteriosis. Three other clade species, M. shottsii, M. pseudoshottsii and M. 'chesapeaki', have recently been identified as predominant disease agents in a widespread, continuing epizootic in wild striped bass of the Chesapeake Bay. A fifth clade member, M. ulcerans, has recently been indirectly detected in wild, African cichlid fish. As M. ulcerans is the third most common human mycobacterial infection worldwide, even such indirect evidence of M. ulcerans in fish must be more thoroughly investigated. Complicating the differentiation of these clade members is the growing recognition of intraspecies and interspecies variation in phenotypes, genes and virulence. Thus, researchers must be aware of the variety of piscine isolates within the M. tuberculosis clade. This review summarizes the methods of detection and differentiation for this important group of mycobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Aquatic Animal Health, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA. imkaat@vims.edu
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kaattari
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kaattari
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Shotts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology*; D005399:Fishes; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D018942:Macrolides; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000145:classification / Q000662:veterinary*; D019910:Mycobacterium marinum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D018942:Macrolides; C117218:mycolactone