title: Factors associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria in secondary peritonitis: impact on antibiotic therapy.
abstract: Secondary peritonitis includes community-acquired and nosocomial peritonitis. These intra-abdominal infections have a common pathogenesis but some microbiological differences, particularly with respect to the type of bacteria recovered and the level of antimicrobial susceptibility. This report describes a prospective observational study of 93 consecutive patients with secondary peritonitis during an 11-month period. Community-acquired peritonitis accounted for 44 cases and nosocomial peritonitis for 49 cases (post-operative in 35 cases). Fifteen multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were recovered from 14 patients. In univariate analysis, the presence of MDR bacteria was associated significantly with pre-operative and total hospital lengths of stay, previous use of antimicrobial therapy, and post-operative antimicrobial therapy duration and modifications. A 5-day cut-off in length of hospital stay had the best specificity (58%) and sensitivity (93%) for predicting whether MDR bacteria were present. In multivariate analysis, only a composite variable associating pre-operative hospital length of stay and previous use of antimicrobial therapy was a significant independent risk-factor for infection with MDR bacteria. In conclusion, knowledge of these two factors may provide a more rational basis for selecting initial antimicrobial therapy for patients with secondary peritonitis.
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale-Inserm U620, Hopital de Pontchaillou, Rennes, France. philippe.seguin@chu-rennes.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laviolle
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chanavaz
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Donnio
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gautier-Lerestif
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Campion
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mallédant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents