title: Molecular epidemiology of echoviruses 11 and 13, based on an environmental surveillance conducted in Toyama Prefecture, 2002-2003.
abstract: Nineteen echovirus 11 (E11) and 12 E13 isolates were isolated from three rivers in Toyama Prefecture, Japan, during an environmental surveillance conducted from April 2002 to March 2003. The nucleotide sequences of E13 isolates were closely related to those from patients with aseptic meningitis, with less than 1.3% divergence in the VP1 region of the viral capsid gene, and belonged to the same clade responsible for a worldwide outbreak that started in 2000. In contrast, E11 isolates were clustered into three genomic groups and were not closely related to echovirus strains isolated from patients. These results suggest that the combination of both virus isolation from environmental sources and phylogenetic analysis could be complementary assessment approaches to trace prevalent and minor circulating enteroviruses in the human population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Nakataikouyama, Kosugi-machi, Imizu-shi, Toyama 939-0363, Japan.
authors.forename: Masae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Tsuguto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004457:Echovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000821:virology*; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D008587:Meningitis, Viral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C065897:VP1 protein, echovirus 11