title: Preclinical assessment of curcumin as a potential therapy for B-CLL.
abstract: Curcumin, the principle component of the spice turmeric, has been used as an anti-inflammatory medication in India and China for centuries. Recent studies, predominantly using actively dividing cell lines, have suggested that this compound could be used as a chemopreventative or therapeutic agent for epithelial tumors. As curcumin has been reported to inhibit the NIK/IKK complex, an activity that would be expected to induce apoptosis in B cell malignancies, we sought to determine whether curcumin induces apoptosis in vitro in primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Primary leukemic cells were incubated with varying dosages of curcumin, followed by assessment for apoptosis. The role of PPARgamma or NF-kappaB signaling in curcumin-induced apoptosis was examined by cotreatment with a PPARgamma antagonist or EMSA of nuclear NFkappaB complexes. We also examined whether a clinically achievable concentration of curcumin (1 microM) would augment the apoptotic effects of fludarabine, dexamethasone, vincristine or the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram. In B-CLL cells from 14 patients, curcumin-induced apoptosis with a mean EC(50) of 5.5 microM. In contrast, the EC(50) for whole mononuclear cells from a healthy donor was 21.8 microM. In a 48 hr wash-out time course, curcumin-induced apoptosis was time-dependent, with a substantial reduction in apoptosis observed when curcumin was removed after 5 hr. Curcumin treatment reduced basal nuclear NF-kappaB levels and 1 microM curcumin augmented both vinca alkaloid and PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in B-CLL cells. Our studies suggest that curcumin may augment the efficacy of established or experimental therapies for B-CLL.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology and Oncology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makkinje
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rabbi
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerner
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020889:Rolipram / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003474:Curcumin; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003907:Dexamethasone; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020889:Rolipram; D014740:Vidarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; C024352:fludarabine