title: Phototropin involvement in the expression of genes encoding chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes and LHC apoproteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
abstract: Phototropin (PHOT) is a photoreceptor involved in a variety of blue-light-elicited physiological processes including phototropism, chloroplast movement and stomatal opening in plants. The work presented here tests whether PHOT is involved in expression of light-regulated genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. When C. reinhardtii was transferred from the dark to very low-fluence rate white light, there was a substantial increase in the level of transcripts encoding glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (GSAT), phytoene desaturase (PDS) and light-harvesting polypeptides (e.g. LHCBM6). Increased levels of these transcripts were also elicited by low-intensity blue light, and this blue-light stimulation was suppressed in three different RNAi strains that synthesize low levels of PHOT. The levels of GSAT and LHCBM6 transcripts also increased following exposure of algal cells to low-intensity red light (RL). The red-light-dependent increase in transcript abundance was not affected by the electron transport inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, implying that the influence of RL on transcript accumulation was not controlled by cytoplasmic redox conditions, and that a red-light photoreceptor(s) may be involved in regulating the levels of transcripts from specific photosynthesis-related genes in C. reinhardtii. Interestingly, elevated GSAT and LHCBM6 transcript levels in RL were significantly reduced in the PHOT RNAi strains, which raises the possibility of co-action between blue and RL signaling pathways. Microarray experiments indicated that the levels of several transcripts for photosystem (PS) I and II polypeptides were also modulated by PHOT. These data suggest that, in C. reinhardtii, (i) PHOT is involved in blue-light-mediated changes in transcript accumulation, (ii) synchronization of the synthesis of chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids, Chl-binding proteins and other components of the photosynthetic apparatus is achieved, at least in part, through PHOT-mediated signaling, and (iii) a red-light photoreceptor can also influence levels of certain transcripts associated with photosynthetic function, although its action requires normal levels of PHOT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA 94306, USA. csim@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Chung-Soon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eberhard
authors.forename: Kaiyao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Christoph F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Arthur R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Grossman
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001059:Apoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D056931:Cryptochromes; D004237:Diuron / Q000494:pharmacology; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018524:Phototropism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D001059:Apoproteins; D056931:Cryptochromes; D005420:Flavoproteins; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids; D004237:Diuron; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C022398:phytoene dehydrogenase; D019751:Intramolecular Transferases; C061049:glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase