Clinical evaluation of dietary modification for treatment of spontaneous chronic kidney disease in cats.
Objective-To determine whether a renal diet modified in protein, phosphorus, sodium, and lipid content was superior to an adult maintenance diet in minimizing uremic episodes and mortality rate in cats with stage 2 or 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Design-Double-masked, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Animals-45 client-owned cats with spontaneous stage 2 or 3 CKD. Procedures-Cats were randomly assigned to an adult maintenance diet (n = 23 cats) or a renal diet (22) and evaluated trimonthly for up to 24 months. Efficacy of the renal diet, compared with the maintenance diet, in minimizing uremia, renal-related deaths, and all causes of death was evaluated. Results-Serum urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly lower and blood bicarbonate concentrations were significantly higher in the renal diet group at baseline and during the 12- and 24-month intervals. Significant differences were not detected in body weight; Hct; urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; and serum creatinine, potassium, calcium, and parathyroid hormone concentrations. A significantly greater percentage of cats fed the maintenance diet had uremic episodes (26%), compared with cats fed the renal diet (0%). A significant reduction in renal-related deaths but not all causes of death was detected in cats fed the renal diet. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The renal diet evaluated in this study was superior to an adult maintenance diet in minimizing uremic episodes and renalrelated deaths in cats with spontaneous stage 2 or 3 CKD.
Ross
Sheri J
SJ
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Osborne
Carl A
CA
Kirk
Claudia A
CA
Lowry
Stephen R
SR
Koehler
Lori A
LA
Polzin
David J
DJ
D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002415:Cats; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014511:Uremia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary