title: More medical journals should inform their contributors about three key principles of graph construction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify key principles of graph construction and to review guidance on graph construction provided by medical journals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of a prevailing model of graph comprehension and survey of authors' instructions for all 120 core medical journals as indexed by PubMed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Graph construction should meet three requirements for optimal graph comprehension: Data symbols should be clearly distinguishable to enable their visual detection. Second, the data should be arranged in such a way that estimation of values and important relationships in the data is facilitated, and third, there should be a full explanation of all graph elements and of how the data were obtained. Seven journals (5.8%) provided recommendations on graph construction. Six journals put emphasis primarily on the explanation of graph elements and, to a lesser extent, on the visual detection of data symbols. Recommendations of the seventh journal focused mostly on how to enhance estimation of important relationships. All journals presented single recommendations whose selection seemed unstructured and not based on key principles of graph construction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical journals should order their instructions according to the three key aspects of graph construction.
authors.affiliation: Horten Centre, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. milo.puhan@evimed.ch
authors.forename: Milo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Puhan
authors.forename: Gerben
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: ter Riet
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steurer
authors.forename: Lucas M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bachmann
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics / Q000592:standards; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D035081:Editorial Policies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D011643:Publishing / Q000592:standards