title: Mechanisms for growth factor-induced pituitary tumor transforming gene-1 expression in pituitary folliculostellate TtT/GF cells.
abstract: PTTG1, a securin protein, also behaves as a transforming gene and is overexpressed in pituitary tumors. Because pituitary folliculostellate (FS) cells regulate pituitary tumor growth factors by paracrine mechanisms, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR)-mediated PTTG1 expression and cell proliferation was tested in pituitary FS TtT/GF cells. EGFR ligands caused up to 3-fold induction of Pttg1 mRNA expression, enhanced proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and increased entry of G0/1-arrested cells into S-phase. PTTG binding factor mRNA expression was not altered. EGF-induced Pttg1 expression and cell proliferation was abolished by preincubation of TtT/GF cells with EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and gefitinib. Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, protein kinase C, and MAPK, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase and Janus activating kinase signaling regulated EGF-induced Pttg1, as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen mRNA expression and entry into S-phase. EGF-induced EGFR and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was followed by rapid MAPK kinase/ERK kinase-dependent activation of Elk-1 and c-Fos. EGF-induced Pttg1 expression peaked at the S-G2 transition and declined thereafter. Pttg1 cell cycle dependency was confirmed by suppression of EGF-induced Pttg1 mRNA by blockade of cells in early S-phase. The results show that PTTG1 and its binding protein PTTG binding factor are expressed in pituitary FS TtT/GF cells. EGFR ligands induce PTTG1 and regulate S-phase, mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, protein kinase C, and MAPK pathways. PTTG1 is therefore a target for EGFR-mediated paracrine regulation of pituitary cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vlotides
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cruz-Soto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rubinek
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eigler
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Auernhammer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melmed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D064249:Securin; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D064249:Securin; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D053612:Janus Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases