title: Temporospatial coupling of networked synaptic activation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels and calcium transients in cultured motoneurons.
abstract: AMPA-type glutamate receptor (GluR) channels provide fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS, but mediate also cytotoxic insults. It could be shown that AMPA-type GluR channel-mediated chronic excitotoxicity leads to an increased intracellular calcium concentration and plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases like for example amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As calcium is an important mediator of various processes in the cell and calcium signals have to be very precise in the temporospatial resolution, excessive intracellular calcium increases can seriously impair cell function. It is still unclear if AMPA-type receptors can directly interact with the intracellular calcium homeostasis or if other mechanisms are involved in this process. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the calcium homeostasis in rat motoneurons under physiological stimulation of AMPA-type GluR channels using calcium imaging techniques and patch-clamp recordings simultaneously. It was found that spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents of cultured motoneurons did not elicit significant intracellular calcium transients. Large intracellular calcium transients occurred only when preceding fast sodium currents were observed. Pharmacological experiments showed that activation of AMPA-type GluR channels during synaptic transmission has a great functional impact on the calcium homeostasis in motoneurons as all kinds of activity was completely blocked by application of the selective kainate- and AMPA-type GluR channel blocker 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Furthermore we suggest from our experiments that calcium transients of several hundred milliseconds' duration result from release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum via activation of ryanodine receptors (calcium-induced calcium release, CICR). Our results help to understand the regulatory function of AMPA-type GluR channels in the intracellular calcium homeostasis which is known to be disturbed in neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, OE 7210 Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grosskreutz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haastert
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlesinger
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grothe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dengler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bufler
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D051381:Rats; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009498:Neurotoxins; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D015222:Sodium Channels; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002118:Calcium