title: Cobalt chromium sublaminar wires for spinal deformity surgery.
abstract: METHODS
  Biomechanical analysis and retrospective chart review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the mechanical properties of cobalt chromium alloy wires and review the clinical application of the wires as sublaminar implants to correct spinal deformity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Sublaminar wires are commonly used as anchors in spinal deformity surgery. In stainless steel instrumentation systems, single strand wires (Luque wires) may be retightened over time to take advantage of stress relaxation while correcting spinal deformity. Because of the mechanical properties of titanium, solid titanium wires are not used as sublaminar wires. Cobalt chromium alloy is a titanium compatible alloy that can be twisted in a similar fashion to stainless steel sublaminar wires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative tensile tests were performed using cobalt chromium alloy wires and Luque stainless steel wires. In addition, 22 consecutive posterior spinal fusions for idiopathic scoliosis were performed using cobalt chromium alloy wires as sublaminar implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Yield and ultimate tensile loads for the cobalt chromium alloy wires are on average 66% (P < 0.001) and 60% (P < 0.001) higher, respectively, than those for the steel wires. Mean preoperative thoracic curve for patients with idiopathic scoliosis was 56 degrees +/- 15 degrees , which corrected to 19 degrees +/- 11 degrees (67% correction, P < 0.001) when cobalt chromium alloy wires were used as sublaminar implants. Mean preoperative lumbar curve was 52 degrees +/- 14 degrees , which corrected to 17 degrees +/- 8 degrees (68% correction, P < 0.001). There were no instrumentation failures, neurologic complications, or infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of cobalt chromium alloy wire over steel wire include greater tensile strength and titanium compatibility. Cobalt chromium alloy solid wires may be used as sublaminar implants with titanium spinal instrumentation with excellent clinical results.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Cleveland Spine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Cluck
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Skaggs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001864:Bone Wires; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002858:Chromium Alloys