title: Fulminating fungal sinusitis caused by Valsa sordida, a plant pathogen, in a patient immunocompromised by acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: We describe a case in which a patient immunocompromised by acute myeloid leukemia experienced acute fulminating invasive fungal sinusitis followed by pneumonia and then death. Though the microbiology of the pneumonia could not be directly investigated, nasal lesions revealed fungal mycelium. Valsa sordida was consistently cultured from a biopsied sample. The fungus was identified to the genus level based on morphology in culture and DNA sequence homology, and then was placed at species level by means of phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region. The fungus is in the order Diaporthales, family Valsaceae in the Ascomycota and is distributed worldwide as a pathogen of trees in the genera Populus and Salix. Koch's postulates were demonstrated to apply in a neutropenic rat model. The fungus was susceptible to antifungals with MIC-0 scores of 0.0313 microg/ml for amphotericin B, 0.25 microg/ml for voriconazole, 0.0313 microg/ml for caspofungin, and MIC-2 of 16 microg/ml for fluconazole. This is the first substantiated report of an isolate in the genus Valsa (anamorph Cytospora) being identified in human disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. aysekalkanci@email.com
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalkanci
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kustimur
authors.forename: Gulsan Turkoz
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Sucak
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Senol
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verkley
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Summerbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer