title: Extracellular HIV-1 Nef increases migration of monocytes.
abstract: Infiltration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected and uninfected monocytes/macrophages in organs and tissues is a general phenomenon observed in progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 protein Nef is considered as a progression factor in AIDS, and is released from HIV-1-infected cells. Here, we show that extracellular Nef increases migration of monocytes. This effect is (i) concentration-dependent, (ii) reaches the order of magnitude of that induced by formyl-methyonyl-leucyl-proline (fMLP) or CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, (iii) inhibited by anti-Nef monoclonal antibodies as well as by heating, and (iv) depends on a concentration gradient of Nef. Further, Nef does not elicit monocytic THP-1 cells to express chemokines such as CCL2, macrophage inhibitory protein-1alpha (CCL3) and macrophage inhibitory protein-1beta (CCL4). These data suggest that extracellular Nef may contribute to disease progression as well as HIV-1 spreading through affecting migration of monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Virology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany. orlataler@web.de
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Loyda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ylisastigui
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Striebel
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ovod
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: Jean Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gluckman
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Erfle
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; C514837:nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1