title: The contribution of musculoskeletal disorders and physical workload to socioeconomic inequalities in health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to examine whether the association of physical workload with musculoskeletal disorders might explain occupational social class inequalities in self-rated health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of the study were 40-60 years old employees of the City of Helsinki. The data (n = 3740) were derived from several sources, including mail survey designed by the researchers and health check-ups carried out by occupational health care. Prevalence data and logistic regression were used in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An occupational class gradient was found for musculoskeletal disorders. The gradient in musculoskeletal disorders was largely explained by physical demands at work in both genders. The contribution of physical demands to occupational class gradient in self-rated health was considerable in women, but smaller in men. The contribution of musculoskeletal disorder to the occupational class gradient in self-rated health was weak for both genders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical workload is likely to considerably contribute to inequalities in health. Mediation of this effect through musculoskeletal disorder to generic health, however, could not be demonstrated. Different mechanisms are likely to cause inequalities in different health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki Finland. akseli.aittomaki@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Akseli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aittomäki
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lahelma
authors.forename: Ossi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rahkonen
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leino-Arjas
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martikainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006077:Government Agencies; D006304:Health Status; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D009111:Local Government; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009790:Occupations / Q000145:classification; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014504:Urban Health; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*