title: Imaging of the neonatal genito-urinary tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe imaging of typical conditions and diseases in the neonatal genito-urinary (GU) tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use, the applications, and typical findings using standard imaging techniques (e.g., ultrasound, US, voiding cystourethrography, VCUG) are described, with emphasis on technical aspects, indications, and restrictions in neonatal queries. Only basic applications as used in routine clinical work are included, other more sophisticated and advanced imaging techniques such as scintigraphy, MR-urography, genitography or image-guided interventional procedures will only briefly be mentioned.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conventional imaging methods are valuable and - particularly in the neonatal GU tract - sometimes irreplaceable. Skillfully used basic imaging techniques, particularly of US (including modern methods such as Doppler sonography, Harmonic imaging or contrast enhanced US), supplemented by fluoroscopy for VCUG can answer most acutely treatment relevant queries. Rarely early scintigraphic studies, genitography, or MRI may become indicated, usually not for establishing the diagnosis, but to collect additional (functional or anatomical) information necessary for deciding on further treatment, or even image guided interventional procedures may become necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Paediatric Radiology, LKH Graz, University Hospital, Auenbruggenplatz, A-8036 Graz, Austria. michael.riccabona@meduni-graz.at
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riccabona
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011859:Radiography; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*