title: Unprotected anal intercourse and substance use among men who have sex with men with recent HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine within-subjects and combined between- and within-subjects associations between substance use and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) with recent HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-four MSM who were recently infected with HIV completed a computer-assisted questionnaire regarding sexual behaviors and substance use with their last 3 partners. Associations between UAI and substance use were assessed using conditional logistic regression (CLR) to assess associations among the 116 MSM reporting UAI with some but not all partners and generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMMs) to examine a combination of within- and between-subjects associations in the entire sample (N = 194).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate CLR models and GLMMs, UAI was associated with the use of methamphetamine (odds ratio [OR] = 4.9 and OR = 3.5, respectively), marijuana (OR = 4.0 and OR = 2.2, respectively) and erectile dysfunction medications (EDMs) when used with a main partner (OR = 13.8 and OR = 10.1, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that a direct association may exist between specific substances and UAI and provide evidence that the use of methamphetamine and EDMs may contribute to HIV transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Antiviral Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA. ldrumrig@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Lydia N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Drumright
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Steffanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strathdee
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Slymen
authors.forename: Maria Rosario G
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Araneta
authors.forename: Vanessa L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Malcarne
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Daar
authors.forename: Pamina M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gorbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000145:classification; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D047568:Unsafe Sex