Endocannabinoid overactivity and intestinal inflammation.
Cannabinoid receptors of type 1 and 2 (CB(1) and CB(2)), endogenous ligands that activate them (endocannabinoids), and mechanisms for endocannabinoid biosynthesis and inactivation have been identified in the gastrointestinal system. Activation of CB(1 )receptors by endocannabinoids produces relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter and inhibition of gastric acid secretion, intestinal motility, and fluid stimulated secretion. However, stimulation of cannabinoid receptors impacts on gastrointestinal functions in several other ways. Recent data indicate that the endocannabinoid system in the small intestine and colon becomes over stimulated during inflammation in both animal models and human inflammatory disorders. The pathological significance of this "endocannabinoid overactivity" and its possible exploitation for therapeutic purposes are discussed here.
Di Marzo
V
V
Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy. vdimarzo@icmib.na.cnr.it
Izzo
A A
AA
D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000378:metabolism*
D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002186:Cannabinoids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid