title: Frontal sinus cranialization using the pericranial flap: an added layer of protection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extensive fractures involving the anterior and posterior tables of the frontal sinus are treated by frontal sinus cranialization. During this procedure, the disrupted posterior wall of the frontal sinus is removed, the sinus mucosa is drilled away, and the brain and dura are permitted to rest against the repaired anterior wall and sinus floor. Conventionally, the area originally occupied by the frontal sinus is left as dead space or filled with free adipose tissue. We describe a method of cranialization using a pericranial flap and report our experience with this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients who underwent frontal sinus cranialization using the pericranial flap at our institution were reviewed. Demographics, indications for cranialization, complications, and perioperative outcomes were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19 patients underwent (bilateral) frontal sinus cranialization with the pericranial flap between 2000 and 2005. Indications included extensive frontal sinus fractures involving the posterior table (78.9%), mucocele (10.5%), arteriovenous malformation (5.3%), and frontal bone osteomyelitis (5.3%). There were no intraoperative complications. A postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in one patient with extensive skull base injuries. This was repaired endoscopically. Follow-up ranged from 9 to 55 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pericranial flap is easily harvested and versatile. Using this vascularized tissue during cranialization affords added protection by providing an extra barrier between the intracranial cavity and the frontal bone and sinonasal tract. This technique is inexpensive, safe, and effective and should be considered when cranialization of the frontal sinus is performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donath
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sindwani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome