title: Beef extract supplementation increases leg muscle mass and modifies skeletal muscle fiber types in rats.
abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of beef extract on fat metabolism, muscle mass and muscle fiber types in rats. We also investigated the synergetic effect of endurance exercise. Twenty-four male rats weighing about 270 g were assigned to two diets containing 0 or 6% beef extract (BE). Half the rats fed each diet were subjected to compulsory exercise (CE) for 30 min every other day. After 4 weeks feeding, the blood was collected and various organs were dissected. The muscle fiber type of the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were evaluated by histochemical and electrophoretical analyses. Rats supplemented with BE showed a decrease in fat content in liver and abdomen and an increase in the activity of carnitine palmitoyl transferase II in liver. BE as well as exercise increased the relative weights of both soleus and EDL. BE alone and BE plus CE did not affect the distribution of muscle fiber types in soleus. BE without exercise decreased in type IIb of EDL from 54% to 44% with compensatory increase in type IIa from 41% to 49% and type I from 5% to 7% compared with the nonsupplemented, nonexercised control group. No synergetic effect on a fast to slow fiber conversion due to the combination of BE and CE was detected. Thus, BE supplement increased muscle mass and slow type fiber in EDL. The effects of BE supplement on muscle characteristics were similar to those of exercise. beef extract, fat metabolism, muscle fiber type, muscle mass, L-carnitine
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Jun-Ichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haruno
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mizunoya
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.forename: Tatsumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002331:Carnitine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000254:growth & development*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D008055:Lipids; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D002331:Carnitine