title: Nucleolar staining cannot be used as a screening test for the scleroderma marker anti-RNA polymerase I/III antibodies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anti-RNA polymerase I/III (anti-RNAP I/III) antibodies are clinically useful markers of scleroderma, and their presence is associated with diffuse skin disease and an increased risk of cardiac and kidney involvement. Although RNAP I antibodies localize to the nucleolus, nucleolar staining by many anti-RNAP antibody-positive sera is not always observed. Nucleolar staining by anti-RNAP antibody-positive sera was examined by double staining with antifibrillarin antibodies to evaluate whether nucleolar staining can be used as a screening test for anti-RNAP I/III antibodies. In addition, the relationships between nucleolar staining and levels of anti-RNAP III antibodies were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoprecipitation (IP) assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera were tested using immunofluorescent antinuclear antibodies on HEp-2 cell slides, by anti-RNAP III ELISA, and by IP assay using (35)S-labeled K562 cell extract. Nucleolar staining by anti-RNAP antibody IP-positive sera was confirmed by double staining using antifibrillarin monoclonal antibodies. The levels of anti-RNAP III antibodies were quantitated by ELISA and by IP assay using a serially diluted reference serum as a standard, and their relationship was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 18 anti-RNAP I/III antibody-positive sera showed nuclear speckled patterns, but nucleolar staining was readily noticeable in only 44% of the sera. A positive correlation was found between ELISA and IP units for anti-RNAP III antibodies. The levels of anti-RNAP III antibodies and anti-RNAP I antibodies correlated well, with the exception of a few sera. Levels of anti-RNAP III antibodies were low in sera with nucleolar staining, whereas several sera with high levels of anti-RNAP I antibodies clearly showed nucleolar staining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although some sera positive for anti-RNAP I/III antibodies clearly stain nucleoli, nucleolar staining is inconsistent and cannot be used to screen for anti-RNAP I/III antibodies.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA.
authors.forename: Yoshioki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honkanen-Scott
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bubb
authors.forename: Sonali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narain
authors.forename: Hanno B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Edward K L
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Westley H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D012318:RNA Polymerase I / Q000276:immunology*; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000276:immunology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D012318:RNA Polymerase I; D012320:RNA Polymerase III