title: In vitro and in vivo pharmacology of synthetic olivetol- or resorcinol-derived cannabinoid receptor ligands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously reported the development of CB-25 and CB-52, two ligands of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors. We assessed here their functional activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of the two compounds on forskolin-induced cAMP formation in intact cells or GTP-gamma-S binding to cell membranes, and their action on nociception in vivo was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CB-25 enhanced forskolin-induced cAMP formation in N18TG2 cells (EC50 approximately 20 nM, max. stimulation = 48%), behaving as an inverse CB1 agonist, but it stimulated GTP-gamma-S binding to mouse brain membranes, behaving as a partial CB1 agonist (EC50 =100 nM, max. stimulation = 48%). At human CB1 receptors, CB-25 inhibited cAMP formation in hCB1-CHO cells (EC50 = 1600 nM, max. inhibition = 68% of CP-55,940 effect). CB-52 inhibited forskolin-induced cAMP formation by N18TG2 cells (IC50 = 450 nM, max. inhibition = 40%) and hCB1-CHO cells (EC50 = 2600 nM, max. inhibition = 62% of CP-55,940 effect), and stimulated GTP-gamma-S binding to mouse brain membranes (EC50 = 11 nM, max. stimulation approximately 16%). Both CB-25 and CB-52 showed no activity in all assays of CB2-coupled functional activity and antagonized CP55940-induced stimulation of GTP-gamma-S binding to hCB2-CHO cell membranes. In vivo, both compounds, administered i.p., produced dose-dependent nociception in the plantar test carried out in healthy rats, and antagonised the anti-nociceptive effect of i.p. WIN55,212-2. In the formalin test in mice, however, the compounds counteracted both phases of formalin-induced nociception.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CB-25 and CB-52 behave in vitro mostly as CB1 partial agonists and CB2 neutral antagonists, whereas their activity in vivo might depend on the tonic activity of cannabinoid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cascio
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bisogno
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Stelt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brizzi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Novellis
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marabese
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van de Doelen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brizzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pertwee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maione
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Marzo
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C514977:11-(3-hydroxy-6-pentylphenoxy)undecanoic acid cyclopropylamide; C514978:11-(5-hydroxy-2-pentylphenoxy)undecanoic acid cyclopropylamide; D000577:Amides; D000700:Analgesics; D008024:Ligands; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D012118:Resorcinols; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); C016630:olivetol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; C031389:resorcinol