title: Rater bias and the measurement of support needs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development and use of support need instruments for funding disability services is a relatively recent initiative. Although the use of these measures appears at face value to provide an objective measure of support needs, little is known about their psychometric properties, particularly with respect to rater bias and purpose of assessment. A measure of support that has been developed in Australia to provide estimates of service needs and associated funding is the Service Need Assessment Profile (SNAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study investigated whether SNAP scores obtained for different assessment purposes - research and funding - are affected by rater bias, by comparing SNAP to 3 other measures of support from 29 people with intellectual disabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that SNAP scores completed for funding purposes showed an individual's support needs to be much greater than comparison scores on both SNAP and the 3 other measures obtained for research purposes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that support measures such as SNAP may significantly overestimate support needs when raters know the assessment is being used for funding purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia. roma.guscia@psychology.adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Roma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guscia
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harries
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kirby
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nettelbeck
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification; D000328:Adult; D015982:Bias; D003625:Data Collection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012112:Residential Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012944:Social Support; D013021:South Australia