Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease.
Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals as the result of an immune response to gluten. It is present in approximately 1% of the population. Diarrhea has become a less common mode of presentation (<50% of cases) than it once was. Other presentations include iron-deficiency anemia, osteoporosis, dermatitis herpetiforme, and neurologic disorders, mainly peripheral neuropathy and ataxia. Arthritis is commonly found in patients with celiac disease when systematically sought. Overall, autoimmune diseases occur more frequently (three to ten times more) in those with celiac disease than in the general population. A gluten-free diet is the standard of treatment, although its effect on some of the extraintestinal manifestations remains to be determined.
Hernandez
Lincoln
L
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Harkness Pavillion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Green
Peter H
PH
D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000209:etiology; D001168:Arthritis / Q000209:etiology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003874:Dermatitis Herpetiformis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology