title: Dialyzability of gadodiamide in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast enhancement, pharmacokinetics, dialyzability, and safety of gadodiamide in patients on hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen hemodialysis patients with abdominal disease were examined after receiving intravenous gadodiamide (0.1 mmol/kg body weight) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were dialyzed at l, 3, 5, and 8 days. Blood samples were obtained immediately before, during, and at the end of the first hemodialysis session and immediately before and at the end of the next three sessions. The complete blood count, blood biochemistry, beta2-microglobulin, and gadolinium were measured. Dialysis of urea, creatinine, and gadolinium during the first hemodialysis session was assessed. Precontrast and postcontrast MRI and Gd-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) images were reviewed and visually evaluated by two radiologists; their evaluation was based on consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gadodiamide did not cause any changes in renal function. An average of 73.8%, 92.4%, and 98.9% of the gadodiamide dose was eliminated by the end of the first, second, and third hemodialysis sessions, respectively. The average half-time of gadodiamide was 1.93 h (SD 0.55). The mean clearance of gadodiamide during hemodialysis was 63.5 ml/min (SD 21.9). There were no side effects related to the injection of gadodiamide. In all cases, diagnosable MRI and MRA images were obtained after gadodiamide injection in the hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hemodialysis patients, gadodiamide achieves diagnosable images. It is dialyzable and can be used safely without measures to increase excretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayasaka
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuno
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003287:Contrast Media; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA