title: Outcome of secondary high-grade glioma in children previously treated for a malignant condition: a study of the Canadian Pediatric Brain Tumour Consortium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reports of secondary high-grade glioma (HGG) in survivors of childhood cancer are scarce. The aim of this study was to review the pattern of diagnosis, the treatment, and outcome of secondary pediatric HGG.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a multi-center retrospective study among the 17 paediatric institutions participating in the Canadian Pediatric Brain Tumour Consortium (CPBTC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report on 18 patients (14 males, 4 females) treated in childhood for a primary cancer, who subsequently developed a HGG as a second malignancy. All patients had previously received radiation therapy +/- chemotherapy for either acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (n=9) or solid tumour (n=9). All HGG occurred within the previous radiation fields. At the last follow-up, 17 patients have died and the median survival time is 9.75 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although aggressive treatment seems to provide sustained remissions in some patients, the optimal management is still to be defined. Further documentation of such cases is necessary in order to better understand the pathogenesis, the natural history and the prevention of these tumours.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The Montreal Children's Hospital/McGill University Health Center, Que., Canada. annesophie.carret@muhc.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Carret
authors.forename: Uri
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tabori
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Crooks
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hukin
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Odame
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Keene
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouffet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome