title: Novel NHLRC1 mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with Lafora's progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lafora's progressive myoclonic epilepsy (Lafora's disease) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the presence of polyglucosan intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies. Mutations in two genes, EPM2A and NHLRC1, have been shown to cause the disease. A previous study showed mutations in the EPM2A gene in 14 Lafora's disease families and excluded the involvement of this gene in five other families who were biopsy proven to have the disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To relate the genetic findings to the clinical course of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of an ongoing mutational study of the Lafora's disease genes, five new families with the disease were recruited and the genetic analysis was extended to screen the entire coding region of the NHLRC1 gene. Genotype-phenotype correlations were carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven NHLRC1 mutations were identified, including five novel mutations (E91K, D195N, P218S, F216_D233del, and V359fs32), in eight families with Lafora's disease. On relating the genetic findings to the clinical course of the disease it was shown that patients with NHLRC1 mutations had a slower rate of disease progression (p<0.0001) and thus appeared to live longer than those with EPM2A mutations. A simple DNA based test is described to detect the missense mutation C26S (c.76T-->A) in the NHLRC1 gene, which is prevalent among French Canadians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with NHLRC1 mutations have a slower rate of disease progression than those with EPM2A mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Francheschetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riggio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avanzini
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Delgado-Escueta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganesh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020192:Lafora Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020125:Mutation, Missense / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C478960:NHLRC1 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases