title: Comprehensive DNA methylation profiling in a human cancer genome identifies novel epigenetic targets.
abstract: Using a unique microarray platform for cytosine methylation profiling, the DNA methylation landscape of the human genome was monitored at more than 21,000 sites, including 79% of the annotated transcriptional start sites (TSS). Analysis of an oligodendroglioma derived cell line LN-18 revealed more than 4000 methylated TSS. The gene-centric analysis indicated a complex pattern of DNA methylation exists along each autosome, with a trend of increasing density approaching the telomeres. Remarkably, 2% of CpG islands (CGI) were densely methylated, and 17% had significant levels of 5 mC, whether or not they corresponded to a TSS. Substantial independent verification, obtained from 95 loci, suggested that this approach is capable of large scale detection of cytosine methylation with an accuracy approaching 90%. In addition, we detected large genomic domains that are also susceptible to DNA methylation reinforced inactivation, such as the HOX cluster on chromosome 7 (CH7). Extrapolation from the data suggests that more than 2000 genomic loci may be susceptible to methylation and associated inactivation, and most have yet to be identified. Finally, we report six new targets of epigenetic inactivation (IRX3, WNT10A, WNT6, RARalpha, BMP7 and ZGPAT). These targets displayed cell line and tumor specific differential methylation when compared with normal brain samples, suggesting they may have utility as biomarkers. Uniquely, hypermethylation of the CGI within an IRX3 exon was correlated with over-expression of IRX3 in tumor tissues and cell lines relative to normal brain samples.
authors.affiliation: Orion Genomics, St Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordway
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bedell
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Citek
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nunberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Doerge
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korshunova
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Holemon
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McPherson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lakey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Martienssen
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jeddeloh
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins