title: Occupational, commuting and leisure-time physical activity in relation to coronary heart disease among middle-aged Finnish men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of different levels of occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised 47,840 Finnish participants aged 25-64 years without history of CHD and stroke at baseline. During a mean follow-up of 18.9 years, 4660 new CHD events were documented. The multivariable-adjusted (age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, history of diabetes, and other two types of physical activity) hazard ratios (HRs) of CHD events associated with low, moderate, and high occupational activity were 1.00, 0.87, and 0.90 (P(trend)=0.019) for men, and 1.00, 0.75, and 0.80 (P(trend)<0.001) for women, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted HRs of CHD events associated with low, moderate, and high leisure-time physical activity were 1.00, 0.95, and 0.84 (P(trend)=0.026) for men, and 1.00, 0.85, and 0.77 (P(trend)=0.003) for women, respectively. Active commuting had a significant inverse association with the risk of CHD events in women but not in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate or high levels of occupational or leisure-time physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of CHD. Daily walking or cycling to and from work is associated with a decreased risk of CHD among women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. hu.gang@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jousilahti
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borodulin
authors.forename: Noël C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Barengo
authors.forename: Timo A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Lakka
authors.forename: Aulikki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nissinen
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuomilehto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012737:Sex Factors; D014186:Transportation; D016138:Walking