title: The alteration of QT dispersion in hemodialysis subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We attempted to observe the alterations in QTd and QTcd in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients before and after hemodialysis (HD) to determine the relevant determinants of QTc duration in HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HD was carried out 2 or 3 times/week in a standard setting for 4-4.5 h. No drug therapy was applied during HD, except for isotonic NaCl infusions and sodium heparin. Maintenance drug therapy, including digitalis, antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and beta-blocking agents, was not changed. In the study, we investigated the alterations in QTd and QTcd in 68 CRF patients before and after HD with 12-lead ECG. Plasma Na(+), K(+), ionized Ca, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and hemoglobin were also controlled before and after HD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study QTd and QTcd significantly increased at the end of HD (p < 0.01). Plasma Na(+) and K(+) decreased, and ionized Ca increased after HD (p < 0.05, 0.01). Plasma Na(+), K(+), ionized Ca levels, ultrafiltration volume and myocardial ischemia appear to be the main determinants of QTc duration in HD, not hypertension, gender, patient age, or duration of chronic HD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in plasma Na(+), K(+) and ionized Ca, the ultrafiltration volume and presence of ischemic heart disease in HD have significant effects on QTcd. ECG data demonstrate that the risk of arrhythmia could be higher with decreased plasma Na(+) and K(+), increased ionized Ca, the presence of ischemic heart disease and an increased ultrafiltration rate during HD. These results might provide some valuable references for proper HD programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jilin Chinese Medical Hospital, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China. tyq1229@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: YanQing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: HuoMing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium