title: Risk factors for pulmonary complications after emergency abdominal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary complications are common after abdominal surgery. Although a variety of risk factors have been described for these complications, studies so far have focused on elective interventions. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of pulmonary complications following emergency abdominal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study. Pre and intra-operative data were collected through interview and chart review and their association with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and sixty-six consecutive adult patients were included and seventy-five (28.2%) developed PPC. Age >50 years (adjusted OR=3.86; P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) <21 kg/m(2) or 30 kg/m(2) (adjusted OR=2.43; P=0.007) and upper or upper/lower abdominal incision (adjusted OR=2.57; P=0.027) were independently associated with PPC. Patients submitted to multiple procedures tended to be at a higher risk for PPC (adjusted OR=1.73; P=0.079). The development of PPC was associated with prolonged hospital stay (P<0.001) and increased death rate (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary complications are frequent among patients undergoing abdominal emergency surgery and lead to increased length of hospital stay and death rate. Older age, abnormal BMI, upper or upper/lower abdominal incision and multiple procedures are predictors of PPC in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, rua Prof. Costa Mendes 1608, 60430-040 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Livia Goreth Galvão
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Serejo
authors.forename: Francisco Pereira
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: da Silva-Júnior
authors.forename: João Paulo Catunda
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Gabriela Sales
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: de Bruin
authors.forename: Rosa Maria Salani
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Pedro Felipe Carvalhedo
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: de Bruin
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000209:etiology; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000379:methods