title: Inhibition of TNF-alpha reduces laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: To investigate the role of the TNF-alpha in the development of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model. Four separate laser burns were applied to induce ruptures of Bruch's membrane and subsequent choroidal neovascularization in C57BL/6J mice. TNF-alpha protein expression was semiquantitatively assessed by Western blot analysis of the choroidal and RPE layer from mice with or without laser treatment. To investigate the effect of TNF-alpha inhibition on CNV formation, animals were treated for 7 days via intraperitonealy implanted osmotic pumps either 3 days before or after laser injury with recombinant TNF receptor P75 (etanercept), a chimeric monoclonal antibody (infliximab), or a purified rat anti-mouse/rat TNF monoclonal antibody (TNF-mAb), respectively. Fluorescein angiography, flat-mount preparations, and histopathology were performed at day 7, 10, or 14 after laser treatment. Western blotting demonstrated that TNF-alpha expression was 4.57-fold higher in the choroid and RPE one week after laser injury compared to control mice without laser. When evaluated one and two weeks after laser injury, etanercept and infliximab given from the 3rd day before laser-damage significantly reduced CNV size and pathological fluorescein leakage compared to the control group after laser treatment only. The inhibitory effect of the monoclonal TNF-alpha antibody on CNV formation was evident two weeks after photocoagulation but not after one week. Only etanercept administered 3 days after laser injury still reduced significantly the development of CNV lesions. Histopathology confirmed that CNV lesions in treated mice were smaller in size compared to the control animals without TNF inhibitor treatment. In conclusion, anti-TNF-alpha treatment with different inhibitors reduces both the size and the leakage of laser-induced CNV. These results suggest the involvement of TNF-alpha in the development of laser-induced CNV and its potential use as a therapeutic agent in the age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Center of Ophthalmology, Germany.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Semkova
authors.forename: Philipp S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Müther
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dell
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kociok
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joussen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002829:Choroid / Q000378:metabolism; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000068800:Etanercept; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept