title: The antioxidant role of a reagent, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate, detecting reactive-oxygen species and blocking the induction of heme oxygenase-1 and preventing cytotoxicity.
abstract: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) degrades heme into biliverdin, iron and CO. The enzyme participates in adaptive and protective responses to oxidative stress and various inflammatory stimuli, and is induced in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) is a common reagent used to detect ROS by the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin (DCFH) to fluorescent dichlorodihydrofluorescein. We previously found that rapid oxidation of DCFH occurred with heme-compounds as well as ROS [Ohashi, T. et al. (2002) FEBS Lett. 511, 21-27], and then examined the effect of DCFH-DA on the induction of HO-1 expression by arsenite, cadmium and hemin, which induce oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. We found suppression of the arsenite-, cadmium- and hemin-dependent induction of HO-1 with DCFH-DA. The suppression occurred at the transcriptional level since the promoter activity of the Maf-recognition site of the HO-1 gene decreased with the DCFH-DA treatment. DCFH abolished the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, the nuclear translocation of a transcriptional activator Nrf2, and cell death. An antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), also suppressed the induction by arsenite and cadmium, but not that by hemin, indicating that DCFH blocked a different site in the stress signal pathway from NAC. Considering that the oxidation of DCFH diminishes ROS generated by various stressors, our findings provide a potential strategy for protection of cells from toxic insults using DCFH-like molecules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Shosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojo
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikehara
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taketani
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000494:pharmacology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006427:Hemin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C110400:2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; D000975:Antioxidants; D018053:Arsenites; D005452:Fluoresceins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002104:Cadmium; C065013:2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein; D006427:Hemin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C015001:arsenite; D000111:Acetylcysteine