title: Liver disease in dogs with tracheal collapse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatopathy in dogs with chronic respiratory diseases is poorly recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver parameters alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, as well as basal and stimulated bile acid concentration, in dogs with tracheal collapse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Dogs with tracheal collapse have hepatopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 dogs with tracheal collapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gall bladder contraction was stimulated by intramuscular injection of a synthetic cholecystokinin analogue (ceruletide). Twelve healthy Beagle dogs and 30 dogs of various breeds investigated previously without evidence of hepatic, gastrointestinal, or respiratory diseases served as control. Amelioration of liver variables was assessed after stent implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of 26 (46%) dogs had increased serum activity of 2 or more liver enzymes. Serum basal bile acid concentrations were high in 24 of 26 dogs. Twenty- and 40-minute stimulated bile acids were significantly higher in dogs with tracheal collapse (64.2 +130.0/-43.0 micromol/L and 82.6 +164.0/-57.1 micromol/L) compared to the control dogs (7.0 +/- 3.6 micromol/L and 6.4 +/- 3.5 micromol/L). All twelve dogs reevaluated after a median of 58 days (48-219 days) had a normal breathing pattern and significantly decreased 20 and 40 minutes stimulated bile acids (50.0 +92.7/-32.8 micromol/L, 52.8 +97.6/-34.3 micromol/L; P = .0043), whereas plasma liver enzyme activities were not significantly influenced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant hepatic dysfunction in the majority of dogs with a tracheal collapse. Liver function should be routinely assessed in dogs with severe respiratory disease.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Small Animals, Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany. natalie.bauer@vetmed.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Natali B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Matthias A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neiger
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moritz
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase