title: Intraoperative touch imprint cytological analysis of sentinel lymph nodes for the presence of metastases in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imprint cytology may provide a fast and accurate method for intraoperative screening of sentinel lymph nodes, so a decision can be made regarding whether to perform axillary clearance during primary surgery. If the findings are negative, in many cases axillary dissection can be omitted.
  
  
  METHODS
  128 sentinel nodes from a cohort of 87 patients that had been identified using technetium-99m nanocolloid as a radioactive tracer and Patent blue dye were dissected for rapid Diff-Quick stained touch preparations. Intraoperative evaluation of sentinel node status by imprint cytology was correlated with histopathological results of permanent sections. Tumor-negative nodes in routine paraffin sections were further investigated with the employment of an anti-cytokeratin antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  36 of all sentinel nodes harbored metastases in the paraffin sections, of which 32 were identified by imprint cytology (sensitivity 88.8%). 3 sentinel nodes were positive by imprint cytology and negative by histopathology of the paraffin sections. Comparison of the results of the touch preparations with the final histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin and anticytokeratin antibody stains) demonstrated a sensitivity of 83.3% and a negative predictive value of 92.5%. The specificity and positive predictive value were 100% each.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Touch imprint cytology is potentially useful for intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cytology, Regional Hospital of Chania, Greece.
authors.forename: Demetrio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tamiolakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venizelos
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambropoulou
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romanidis
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrakis
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Limberis
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galazios
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koutsougeras
authors.forename: Constantinos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*