title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha activates transcription of inducible repressor form of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-responsive element binding modulator and represses P450 aromatase and inhibin alpha-subunit expression in rat ovarian granulosa cells by a p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism.
abstract: The proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha has important actions at the level of the ovary, including inhibition of P450 aromatase (P450AROM) activity and the secretion of inhibin, two proteins that are markers of the granulosa cell's differentiated status. Because the transcription of both P450AROM and inhibin alpha-subunit can be suppressed in the ovary by the inducible repressor isoform of cAMP-responsive element binding modulator (ICER), we have investigated whether TNFalpha and its intracellular messenger ceramide can induce ICER expression and the mechanisms whereby the induction is accomplished. ICER mRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR in granulosa cells treated with TNFalpha, the ceramide-mobilizing enzyme sphingomyelinase (SMase), or C6-cer, a cell-permeant ceramide analog. Rapid (3 h) yet transient increases in the four isoforms of ICER were observed in response to all treatments. Likewise, ICER protein measured by immunoprecipitation with a specific antibody increases after TNFalpha, SMase, or C6-cer treatment. The mandatory phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding was also observed in response to TNFalpha, SMase, or C6-cer and shown to be prevented by the p44/42 MAPK-specific inhibitor PD098059 but no other kinase blockers. Activation of p44/42 MAPK by the cytokine and its messenger was subsequently demonstrated as well as the inhibition of ICER expression by PD098059. Finally, the blocking of p44/42 MAPK activation prevented TNFalpha inhibition of FSH-dependent increases in P450AROM and inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA levels, thus indicating that p44/42 MAPK-mediated ICER expression may be accountable for the effects of TNFalpha on the expression of both proteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Robayna
authors.forename: M Pino
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Luisa F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fanjul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001141:Aromatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002518:Ceramides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator / Q000378:metabolism*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007265:Inhibins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000494:pharmacology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C094377:inhibin-alpha subunit; D051786:Cyclic AMP Response Element Modulator; D007265:Inhibins; D001141:Aromatase; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase