title: Predictors of future anabolic androgenic steroid use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively study the stability of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use and predictors of AAS use, and to investigate whether AAS use alters the risk of later emotional and behavioral problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey of a national sample of Norwegian high school students (age 15-19) in 1994 followed up in 1999 (N = 2924). Measures of frequent alcohol intoxication (50+ times per 12 months), cannabis use (12 months), hard drug use (12 months), being offered cannabis, eating problems, conduct problems, sexual debut before age 15, BMI, involvement in power sports, perceived physical appearance, and satisfaction with body parts were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Life-time prevalence of AAS use were 1.9 and 0.8% in the follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that future AAS use was predicted by young age, male gender, previous AAS use, involvement in power sports, and frequent alcohol intoxication. AAS use did not predict future emotional or behavioral problems other than reducing the risk of future frequent alcohol intoxication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequent alcohol intoxication and involvement in power sports appear to predict future AAS use. At the population level there was little stability in individual AAS use from adolescence to early adulthood. No detrimental effects of AAS use could be detected in this study, but low statistical power limits this conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Social Science, Oslo, Norway. lars.wichstrom@svt.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wichstrøm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D001828:Body Image; D002648:Child; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D045165:Testosterone Congeners
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D045165:Testosterone Congeners