title: Regional nerve block of the upper eyelid in oculoplastic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the efficacy of a regional nerve block of the upper eyelid and its effect on levator motor function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients underwent surgery on 54 upper eyelids by one surgeon, after administration of a regional nerve block at the supraorbital notch. The amount of pain experienced by patients due to the local anesthetic injection and surgery was determined by using visual analogue scores. The effect of the local anesthetic injection on levator function was determined by comparing the measured levator function prior to and following administration. Any complications attributable to the regional sensory nerve block were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two percent of patients found the injection painless, and the rest reported negligible pain. The mean pain score for the injection was 2 (SD 1.3, range 0-6). The mean pain score for the surgery was 0.3 (SD 0.6, range 0-3). No significant difference was found in levator function prior to and following the injection (pre-function: 14.4 mm, post-function: 13.4 mm, p=0.01). One patient had hematoma formation at the site of injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A regional nerve block of the upper eyelid achieves effective sensory anesthesia,without compromising motor function. This helps in an accurate assessment of intraoperative height during upper lid surgery.
authors.affiliation: Portsmouth Eye Unit, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Cosham, Portsmouth, UK. andreismail@btinternet.com
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mordant
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: MacLean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000601:surgery*; D004837:Epinephrine; D005143:Eyelids / Q000294:innervation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D009882:Ophthalmic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine