title: Measuring health-related quality of life in young adolescents: reliability and validity in the Norwegian version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) generic core scales.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) studies concerning children and adolescents are a growing field of research. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) is considered as a promising HRQOL instrument with the availability of age appropriate versions and parallel forms for both child and parents. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Norwegian translation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 generic core scale in a sample of healthy young adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 425 healthy young adolescents and 237 of their caregivers participating as a proxy. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and by exploring the intercorrelations between and among the four PedsQL subscales for adolescents and their parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the self-report scales and proxy-report scales showed satisfactory reliability with Cronbach's alpha varying between 0.77 and 0.88. Factor analysis showed results comparable with the original version, except for the Physical Health scale. On average, monotrait-multimethod correlations were higher than multitrait-multimethod correlations. Sex differences were noted on the emotional functioning subscale, girls reported lower HRQOL than boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Norwegian PedsQL is a valid and reliable generic pediatric health-related Quality of Life measurement that can be recommended for self-reports and proxy-reports for children in the age groups ranging from 13-15 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491, Trondheim, Norway. trude.reinfjell@svt.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Trude
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinfjell
authors.forename: Trond H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Diseth
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veenstra
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vikan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017028:Caregivers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019727:Proxy; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life