title: Site-specific casein kinase 1epsilon-dependent phosphorylation of Dishevelled modulates beta-catenin signaling.
abstract: Careful regulation of the Wnt-Beta-catenin signaling pathway is critical to many aspects of development and cancer. Casein kinase Iepsilon is a Wnt-activated positive regulator of this pathway. Members of the Dishevelled family have been identified as key substrates of casein kinase I (CKI). However, the specific sites phosphorylated in vivo by CKI and their relative importance in the physiologic regulation of these proteins in the canonical Wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway remain unclear. To address this question, recombinant mouse Dishevelled (mDvl-1) was phosphorylated by CKIin vitro and phosphorylation sites were identified by MS. CKI phosphorylation of mDvl-1 at two highly conserved residues, serines 139 and 142, was observed by MS and confirmed by phosphopeptide mapping of in vivo phosphorylated protein. Phosphorylation of these sites is dependent on casein kinase I epsilon activity in vivo. Phenotypic analysis of mutant mDvl-1 indicates that phosphorylation of these sites stimulates the Dvl-activated beta-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling pathway in both cell culture and in Xenopus development. Casein kinase I epsilon is a Wnt-regulated kinase, and regulated phosphorylation of Dvl allows fine tuning of the Wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84103, USA.
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Klimowski
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shabanowitz
authors.forename: Donald F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Virshup
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C000606586:DVL1 protein, Xenopus; D000072261:Dishevelled Proteins; C000606579:Dvl1 protein, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon