title: Key interaction modes of dynamic +TIP networks.
abstract: Dynamic microtubule plus-end tracking protein (+TIP) networks are implicated in all functions of microtubules, but the molecular determinants of their interactions are largely unknown. Here, we have explored key binding modes of +TIPs by analyzing the interactions between selected CAP-Gly, EB-like, and carboxy-terminal EEY/F-COO(-) sequence motifs. X-ray crystallography and biophysical binding studies demonstrate that the beta2-beta3 loop of CAP-Gly domains determines EB-like motif binding specificity. They further show how CAP-Gly domains serve as recognition domains for EEY/F-COO(-) motifs, which represent characteristic and functionally important sequence elements in EB, CLIP-170, and alpha-tubulin. Our findings provide a molecular basis for understanding the modular interaction modes between alpha-tubulin, CLIPs, EB proteins, and the dynactin-dynein motor complex and suggest that multiple low-affinity binding sites in different combinations control dynamic +TIP networks at microtubule ends. They further offer insights into the structural consequences of genetic CAP-Gly domain defects found in severe human disorders.
authors.affiliation: Biomolecular Research, Structural Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Honnappa
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okhrimenko
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaussi
authors.forename: Hatim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jawhari
authors.forename: Ilian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jelesarov
authors.forename: Fritz K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Michel O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C405804:EB1 microtubule binding proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins