title: Antecedents to panic disorder in nonreferred adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous work has shown that childhood anxiety disorders are unique antecedents for panic disorder. The current study examined both childhood and adult comorbid disorders as potential antecedent disorders to panic disorder in a large sample of nonreferred adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 1018 adults with (N = 58) and without (N = 960) panic disorder who were derived from a sample originally ascertained through family studies of probands with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); data were obtained from 1988 to 1996. Classification and regression trees (CART) analysis was used to examine anxiety and nonanxiety disorders antecedent to panic disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CART analysis showed that separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, and simple phobia were unique predictors of subsequent panic disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support and expand previously reported findings in referred samples documenting that comorbid anxiety disorders are unique antecedent risk factors for panic disorder.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychopharmacology Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Jbiederman@partners.org
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: Carter R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Petty
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
authors.forename: Dina R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hirshfeld-Becker
authors.forename: Aude
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henin
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brauer
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Jerrold F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors