title: Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons. The procedure has improved significantly since its inception in 1900 and continues to be intensively studied with outcomes receiving considerable attention. Traditional ACL reconstruction techniques have focused on one portion of the ACL--the anteromedial bundle. Single-bundle ACL reconstruction is the criterion standard and has provided good to excellent results, with many athletes being able to return to sports; however, recently, some authors have noted persistent instability with functional testing and degenerative radiographic changes after single-bundle ACL reconstruction. As a result, several centers have attempted to improve upon the single-bundle technique by reconstructing both the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ACL. This article will present the embryologic, anatomic, and biomechanical rationale for double-bundle ACL reconstruction. In addition, the latest outcomes of double-bundle ACL reconstruction will be presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Center for Sports Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Buoncristiani
authors.forename: Fotios P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Tjoumakaris
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Starman
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: Freddie H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement