title: Temporal relationship between gastrointestinal protein loss, gastric ulceration or erosion, and strenuous exercise in racing Alaskan sled dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alterations in the appearance and function of gastrointestinal mucosa are common after strenuous exercise. However, the duration of exercise required to alter the gastrointestinal mucosa has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We used 42 sled dogs to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of exercise-induced gastrointestinal mucosal dysfunction is related to exercise duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six dogs served as conditioned controls, and the remaining dogs were randomly chosen for examination after 1-5 consecutive days of running at 100 miles/d.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastroduodenoscopy and measurement of gastric permeability were performed 24 hours after cessation of exercise. Intestinal protein loss (represented by fecal alpha-1 protease inhibitor concentration) was measured within 6 hours of cessation of exercise. Twelve of the 42 dogs were examined again after 5 months of detraining to determine the effect of training on gastrointestinal mucosal function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exercise increased gastric permeability (P = .04) and endoscopic severity of gastric lesions (P < .0001), but neither variable was significantly affected by distance traveled. Acute exercise had no effect on intestinal protein loss. Untrained dogs had significantly lower fecal alpha-1 protease inhibitor concentrations compared with trained, unexercised dogs. Training had no effect on gastric permeability to sucrose or the endoscopic appearance of the stomach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that relatively modest exercise is required to increase intestinal protein loss, but more substantial exercise is required to cause alterations in the proximal gastrointestinal tract. However, none of these alterations appear to progress with increasing exercise duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA. msdavis@cvm.okstate.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: Jörg M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hinchcliff
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000413:Alaska; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D013395:Sucrose