title: Inter-disciplinary focus groups on telephone medicine: a quality improvement initiative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify opportunities for quality improvement in long-term care telephone medicine using a model of interdisciplinary focus groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive pilot project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extended Care and Rehabilitation Center (ECRC), Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight of 20 registered or licensed practical nurses and 4 of 6 geriatric medicine fellows voluntarily participated in this quality improvement project.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two 45-minute focus groups, participants were asked to discuss 3 open-ended questions related to telephone medicine. Comments were recorded during the discussions; topical themes were identified by the authors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participant comments could be categorized into 4 domains describing the characteristics of nurses and physicians who practice the best telephone medicine: (1) provides the appropriate medical component of patient care; (2) appreciates contextual issues; (3) respects the other party's time and resources; and (4) possesses a collaborative attitude. The focus groups identified 5 quality improvement goals: (1) better nursing assessment and provision of patient information; (2) minimization of non-urgent calls after hours; (3) more decisive physician action (or explanation of inaction); (4) better physician familiarity with facility policies/logistics; and (5) better communication/paging system. The discussion format allowed nurses and physicians to identify and respond to potential barriers to improving quality in each area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses and physicians appreciate unique aspects of long-term care telephone medicine and identify distinct barriers to improving practice. Interdisciplinary focus groups were a productive step toward understanding the telephone medicine experience in our facility and developing quality improvement interventions for both nurses and physicians.
authors.affiliation: Geriatrics Division, Duke University Medical Center, DUMC 3003, Durham, NC 27710, USA. heather.whitson@duke.edu
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Whitson
authors.forename: S Nicole
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: Eleanor S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lekan-Rutledge
mesh_terms: D039602:After-Hours Care / Q000592:standards; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000592:standards; D017144:Focus Groups / Q000379:methods*; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000592:standards; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000592:standards; D006040:Goals; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000592:standards; D008503:Medical Staff / Q000523:psychology; D009657:North Carolina; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000592:standards; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000592:standards*; D013689:Telephone / Q000592:standards*; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000458:organization & administration*