title: Antiviral action of the tumor suppressor ARF.
abstract: Oncogenic viruses frequently target the pathways controlled by tumor suppressor genes, suggesting an extra function for these proteins as antiviral factors. The control exerted by the tumor suppressor Arf on cellular proliferation is crucial to restrict tumor development; however, a potential contribution of Arf to prevent viral infectivity has remained unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the consequences of loss or increased expression of Arf on viral infection. Our results reveal that ARF expression is induced by interferon and after viral infection. Furthermore, we show that ARF protects against viral infection in a gene dosage-dependent manner, and that this antiviral action is mediated in part by PKR through a mechanism that involves ARF-induced release of PKR from nucleophosmin complexes. Finally, Arf-null mice were hypersensitive to viral infection compared to wild-type mice. Together, our results reveal a novel and unexpected role for the tumor suppressor ARF in viral infection surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Collado
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Fontela
authors.forename: Ander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matheu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcos-Villar
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D018628:Gene Dosage; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D007739:L Cells; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C000716967:NPM1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase