title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac, inhibit liver tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity and alter brain neurotransmitter levels.
abstract: Hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in tryptophan catabolism and plays an important role in regulating the physiological flux of tryptophan into relevant metabolic pathways. In this study, we determined the effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolmetin and sulindac, on rat liver TDO activity and the subsequent changes in the hippocampal and striatal neurotransmitter levels. The amount of melatonin produced by the pineal gland was also measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Treatment of rats with tolmetin or sulindac (5 mg/kg/bd for 5 days) significantly inhibited liver TDO activity. The results show that whilst tolmetin and sulindac increase serotonin levels in the hippocampus, these agents also significantly reduce dopamine levels in the striatum. Tolmetin, but not sulindac, increased the amount of melatonin produced by the pineal gland. The results of this study suggest that whilst tolmetin and sulindac may be beneficial for patients suffering from depression, these agents also have the potential to induce adverse effects in patients suffering with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dairam
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Antunes
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010870:Pineal Gland / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013467:Sulindac / Q000633:toxicity*; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000633:toxicity*; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013467:Sulindac; D012701:Serotonin; D014046:Tolmetin; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase; D008550:Melatonin; D004298:Dopamine