title: Dissociation between hippocampal neuronal loss, astroglial and microglial reactivity after pharmacologically induced reverse glutamate transport.
abstract: The inflammatory central nervous system response that involves activated microglia and reactive astrocytes may both heal and harm neurons, as inflammatory mediators lead to neuroprotection or excitation at one dose but to injury at a different concentration. To investigate these complex cellular interactions, L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), a selective substrate inhibitor of glutamate transport, was infused during 14 days in the rat hippocampus at three different rates: 5, 10 and 25 nmol/h. A microglial reaction appeared at the 5 nmol/h PDC rate in absence of astroglial reaction and neuronal loss. Microgliosis and neuronal death were observed at PDC 10 nmol/h in absence of astrogliosis and calcium precipitation, whereas all four aspects were present at the highest rate. This dissociation between neuronal loss and astroglial reactivity took place in presence of a permanent microglial reaction. These data suggest a specific response of microglia to PDC whose neuronal effects may differ with the infused dose.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Bioquímica, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, C/ Casanova 143, Barcelona E-08036, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluïsa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Yebra
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Malpesa
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ursu
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liévens
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kerkerian-Le Goff
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mahy
mesh_terms: D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005911:Gliosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; D014179:Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C083486:pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid; D002118:Calcium