title: Incidence and predictors of angioedema in elderly hypertensive patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease: a report from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT).
abstract: Angioedema is a rare, potentially life-threatening condition that has been associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors since their introduction in the 1980s. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), the largest antihypertensive study conducted to date, randomized 42,418 participants to a diuretic (chlorthalidone), a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril), or an alpha-blocker (doxazosin). Patients who developed angioedema were compared for baseline characteristics and changes in antihypertensive drug administration. Fifty-three participants developed angioedema during active follow-up: 55% were black, 60% men, and 70% were assigned to lisinopril (including 62% of black participants with angioedema), 15% to chlorthalidone, 9% to doxazosin, and 6% to amlodipine. Six percent occurred within a day of randomization and 23% within the first week. Over half did not have an increase in their assigned (blinded) antihypertensive drug before angioedema onset; 3 (6%) had a dose increase within a week before onset. One patient died following an angioedema episode. The occurrence of angioedema in the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor arm corresponds with previously reported angioedema-angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor associations.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA. linda.b.piller@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Linda B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Piller
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Barry R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Chuke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nwachuku
authors.forename: Henry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oparil
authors.forename: Tamrat M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Retta
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Probstfield
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000799:Angioedema / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002752:Chlorthalidone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015994:Incidence; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017311:Amlodipine; D017706:Lisinopril; D002752:Chlorthalidone