title: Expression of fractalkine, CX3CR1, and vascular endothelial growth factor in human chronic renal allograft rejection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fractalkine/CX3CR1 system may contribute to the pathogenesis of renal allograft chronic rejection (CR). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial mitogen, which shows increased expression in inflammation and vasculopathy. This study sought describe the expression and distribution of Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF, and their relationship to human renal allograft CR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal tissue from 10 patients with CR was examined for Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF protein by immunohistochemistry for comparison with patients displaying hyperacute rejection (n = 10), acute rejection (n = 10), and normal kidneys (n = 10). All patients were selected based upon histologically proven diagnoses between 1992 and 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry revealed that Fractalkine/CX3CR1 were mostly expressed in the tubulointerstitium and tubular epithelial cell basolateral membrane. Some vessels showed positive staining for Fractalkine/CX3CR1 as well as occasionally glomerular parietal wall cells. Among the CR group, VEGF was mostly expressed in tubular epithelium and the tubulointerstitium. A proportion of glomeruli and vessels had positive staining for VEGF, which was up-regulated most strikingly in the interstitial compartment in CR. There was markedly increased expression of Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF protein in the interstitium of the CR compared with other groups (P < .05). VEGF colocalized with the expression of Fractalkine/CX3CR1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fractalkine/CX3CR1 and VEGF may play an important role in the development of interstitial fibrosis via mononuclear cell-induced cytokine production and myofibroblast stimulation in CR. Further studies are necessary to identify the role in the pathogenesis of CR.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu/Sichuan, China 610041.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D005355:Fibrosis; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A