title: Human testicular protein NYD-SP16 is involved in sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the functional role of human testicular protein NYD-SP16.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICR strain of mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular tissue and sperms were collected from 12- to 16-week-old male mice; cumulus-oocyte complexes were harvested from mature female mice after inducing superovulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of NYD-SP16 in mouse testis was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, its localization in mouse sperm was evaluated by immunofluorescence, and the functional role of NYD-SP16 in the process of fertilization was determined by CTC staining and in vitro fertilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mouse testis, NYD-SP16 was immunolocalized to elongating spermatids and the staining was confined to the head. Immunoreactivity in mouse sperm was mainly seen in the acrosomal region and this expression pattern was not altered in capacitated sperm. However, after the acrosome reaction (AR), the intensity of the fluorescence staining attenuated significantly. NYD-SP16 antiserum significantly inhibited mouse sperm capacitation and the AR in a concentration-dependent manner and the presence of anti-NYD-SP16 serum, during co-incubation of gametes, produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the percentage of zygotes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NYD-SP16 protein is a component of sperm acrosome, which plays a functional role in sperm capacitation and the AR and is consequently necessary for fertilization.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Yuying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qixian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jiahao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sha
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013075:Sperm Capacitation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C476202:PHF7 protein, human; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors