title: Alternative and classical NF-kappa B signaling retain autoreactive B cells in the splenic marginal zone and result in lupus-like disease.
abstract: Expression of B cell-activating factor (BAFF), a critical B cell survival factor, is elevated in autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders. Mice overproducing BAFF develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease and exhibit B cell activation of classical and alternative NF-kappaB-signaling pathways. We used a genetic approach and found that both NF-kappaB-signaling pathways contributed to disease development but act through distinct mechanisms. Whereas BAFF enhanced long-term B cell survival primarily through the alternative, but not the classical, NF-kappaB pathway, it promoted immunoglobulin class switching and generation of pathogenic antibodies through the classical pathway. Activation of the alternative NF-kappaB pathway resulted in integrin upregulation, thereby retaining autoreactive B cells in the splenic marginal zone, a compartment that contributes to their survival. Thus, both classical and alternative NF-kappaB signaling are important for development of lupus-like disease associated with BAFF overproduction. The same mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of human SLE.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Enzler
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonizzi
authors.forename: Gregg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Widhopf
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anzelon-Mills
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rickert
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D053264:B-Cell Activating Factor; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C505719:TNFSF13B protein, human; C505720:Tnfsf13b protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha