title: White matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging following whole-brain radiotherapy for brain metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate white matter (WM) abnormalities induced by WBRT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients (11 men and 13 women; age range 38-74 years, median 60 years) who survived for more than 1 year after completion of WBRT (radiation dose range 30-40 Gy, median 35 Gy) at our institution between January 2000 and June 2003 were followed up with magnetic resonance (MR) scans for 11-51 months (median 19 months). We evaluated WM changes attributable to WBRT as grade 0-6 and assessed possible contributing factors by statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WM changes were found in 20 patients: Eight were assessed as grade 2, three as grade 3, and nine as grade 5. In total, 12 patients developed grade 3 or higher WM changes. Age (<60 vs > or =60 years), sex, radiation dose (< or =35 vs >35 Gy), chemotherapy (with CDDP vs without CDDP), biologically effective dose (< or =120 vs >120 Gy1), and head width (<16.3 vs > or =16.3 cm) were found not to be relevant to the incidence or severity of the WM changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term survivors who have under-gone WBRT may have a higher incidence of WM abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, 13-70 Kitaojicho, Akashi 673-8558, Japan. ultraosamu@aa.isas.ne.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soejima
authors.forename: Eisaku
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoden
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichimiya
authors.forename: Kazuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies