[Occupational and leisure time physical activity: trend in the Italian population].
BACKGROUND
Over the last decades a change in physical activity habits of the Italian population has been observed. The aim of this study was to compare occupational and leisure-time physical activity, to assess the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors and the variation in cardiovascular risk profile measured 20 years apart in the Italian population.


METHODS
In two populations aged 35-69 years (MATISS 1984-1987: 2041 men, 2424 women; OEC 1998-2002: 4214 men, 4206 women) gender-specific levels of occupational (occupational physical activity [OPA]-light, OPA-moderate, OPA-heavy) and leisure-time (leisure-time physical activity [LTPA]-low, LTPA-moderate, LTPA-high) physical activity were compared. Relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated in the two samples using logistic regression models adjusted for age, heart rate, educational level and other possible confounding variables in men and women separately. The 10-year cardiovascular risk was assessed in the two periods and in different physical activity strata using the Progetto CUORE risk score.


RESULTS
Comparing the two studies, prevalence of OPA-low had decreased, whereas the prevalence of LTPA-low had increased. With increasing LTPA blood pressure, heart rate and glycemia decreased, whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased with a positive effect on obesity, smoking habit and cardiovascular risk.


CONCLUSIONS
Over the last 20 years, physical activity apparently changed: currently men and women dedicate more time to physical activity during leisure-time, and are less active at work. More active people have lower levels of major cardiovascular risk factors. Societal efforts are needed to increase physical activity levels in the population.
Trojani
Michela
M
Centro Nazionale di Epidemiologia, Sorveglianza e Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma. michelat@iss.it
Palmieri
Luigi
L
Vanuzzo
Diego
D
Donfrancesco
Chiara
C
Panico
Salvatore
S
Pilotto
Lorenza
L
Dima
Francesco
F
Lo Noce
Cinzia
C
Caiola
Patrizia De Sanctis
Pde S
Giannuzzi
Pantaleo
P
Giampaoli
Simona
S
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009790:Occupations; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires