title: VIRTOPSY: minimally invasive, imaging-guided virtual autopsy.
abstract: Invasive "body-opening" autopsy represents the traditional means of postmortem investigation in humans. However, modern cross-sectional imaging techniques can supplement and may even partially replace traditional autopsy. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice for two- and three-dimensional documentation and analysis of autopsy findings including fracture systems, pathologic gas collections (eg, air embolism, subcutaneous emphysema after trauma, hyperbaric trauma, decomposition effects), and gross tissue injury. Various postprocessing techniques can provide strong forensic evidence for use in legal proceedings. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has had a greater impact in demonstrating soft-tissue injury, organ trauma, and nontraumatic conditions. However, the differences in morphologic features and signal intensity characteristics seen at antemortem versus postmortem MR imaging have not yet been studied systematically. The documentation and analysis of postmortem findings with CT and MR imaging and postprocessing techniques ("virtopsy") is investigator independent, objective, and noninvasive and will lead to qualitative improvements in forensic pathologic investigation. Future applications of this approach include the assessment of morbidity and mortality in the general population and, perhaps, routine screening of bodies prior to burial.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Buehlstrasse 20, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dirnhofer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackowski
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vock
authors.forename: Kimberlee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thali
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy / Q000379:methods*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012984:Software; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface