title: Technology assessment and knowledge brokering: the case of assisted reproduction in The Netherlands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Even when policy makers show interest and evidence-informed and convincing HTA studies are available, use of assessment products is not guaranteed. In this article, we report our experience with knowledge brokering to foster evidence-informed policy making on cost-effective treatment and reimbursement of assisted reproduction in The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  From earlier work in the field of knowledge brokering, we foresaw the need for a deliberative strategy to manage the inherent tension between scientific rigor demanded by researchers and responsiveness to real-time needs demanded by policy makers. Therefore, we structured the process in three distinct steps: (i) agreement about the main messages from the research, (ii) analysis of the policy context and of the meaning of the main messages for the actors involved, and (iii) an invitational meeting to make recommendations for action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of the recommendations that would require changes in ministerial policy was followed up instantly, whereas the other recommendation is still under debate. The Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology activated the revision of two guidelines. The patient organization uses the new scientific insights in informing members and the public. Closing the loop, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw) funded research to close knowledge gaps that became apparent in the process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge brokering is a promising approach to bring HTA into practice. We conclude that the methodologies to feed research results into the policy process are still in an incipient stage and need further development.
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organisation for Research and Development ZonMw, The Hague. kammen@zonmw.nl
authors.forename: Jessika
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Kammen
authors.forename: Carin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Gouke J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bonsel
authors.forename: Jan A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Johannes L H
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Juriy W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wladimiroff
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement; D009426:Netherlands; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000458:organization & administration*