title: Dimerization of the I kappa B kinase-binding domain of NEMO is required for tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced NF-kappa B activity.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that peptides corresponding to a six-amino-acid NEMO-binding domain from the C terminus of IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) and IKKbeta can disrupt the IKK complex and block NF-kappaB activation. We have now mapped and characterized the corresponding amino-terminal IKK-binding domain (IBD) of NEMO. Peptides corresponding to the IBD were efficiently recruited to the IKK complex but displayed only a weak inhibitory potential on cytokine-induced NF-kappaB activity. This is most likely due to the formation of sodium dodecyl sulfate- and urea-resistant NEMO dimers through a dimerization domain at the amino terminus of NEMO that overlaps with the region responsible for binding to IKKs. Mutational analysis revealed different alpha-helical subdomains within an amino-terminal coiled-coil region are important for NEMO dimerization and IKKbeta binding. Furthermore, NEMO dimerization is required for the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, even when interaction with the IKKs is unaffected. Hence, our data provide novel insights into the role of the amino terminus of NEMO for the architecture of the IKK complex and its activation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Immunobiology and Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Ralf B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Marienfeld
authors.forename: Lysann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Palkowitsch
authors.forename: Sankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019281:Dimerization; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C491731:IKBKG protein, human; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase