Targeted therapies in melanoma.
In the last decade the incidence of melanoma has been rising. Despite this, survival remains substantially constant because early diagnosis of thin lesions has increased. By contrast, metastatic melanoma continues to have a poor prognosis and it still represents a challenge for oncologists. Response rates with single agent dacarbazine range from 10% to 25% with median survival of 8 months. The advent of new drugs with specific mechanisms of action could help to improve the poor results of traditional therapies. In this review, we focused on the novel agents that entered clinical trials in melanoma patients. We show the results of some clinical trials with target-oriented drugs in melanoma patients. Moreover pre-clinical data and rationale for use in melanoma was explained. Trials with protein-kinase inhibitors, anti-CTLA-4 agents, pro-apoptotic oligonucleotides and anti-angiogenic agents were reviewed. Combinations with chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy and vaccine therapy were also analyzed.
Queirolo
Paola
P
Department of Medical Oncology A, National Institute for Cancer Research, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy. paola.queirolo@istge.it
Acquati
Mirko
M
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors