title: Neurorestorative treatment of stroke: cell and pharmacological approaches.
abstract: There is a compelling need to develop cell and pharmacological therapeutic approaches to be administered beyond the hyperacute phase of stroke. These therapies capitalize on the capacity of the brain for neuroregeneration and neuroplasticity and are designed to reduce neurological deficits after stroke. This review provides an update of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and select pharmacological agents in clinical use for other indications that promote the recovery process in the subacute and chronic phases after stroke. Among these agents are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins), erythropoietin (EPO), and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Both the MSCs and the pharmacologic agents potentiate brain plasticity and neurobehavioral recovery after stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jieli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004921:Erythropoietin; D006152:Cyclic GMP