title: Infected vertebroplasty due to uncommon bacteria solved surgically: a rare and threatening life complication of a common procedure: report of a case and a review of the literature.
abstract: METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work is to describe a case of infected vertebroplasty due to uncommon bacteria solved surgically with 2 years of follow-up and to discuss 6 other cases found in literature.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Vertebroplasty is a well-known and useful technique for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Complications, such as cord or root compression or pulmonary embolisms, are infrequent and are mainly related with the frequent escape of cement throughout the vertebral veins. Infection is even more rare, but when it occurs is difficult to manage and can be a life-threatening complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 63-year-old-man had a spondylitis of L2 after vertebroplasty. The patient was initially managed with antibiotics without clinical improvement. Surgical treatment by anterior debridement and anterior and posterior stabilization was done. The bacteria isolated from the intraoperative cultures were Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Burkholderia cepacia. After surgery, the patient was treated with antibiotics for 3 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 2 years of follow-up, the patient was free of pain, without signs of infection, and a correct fusion was achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When facing an infected vertebroplasty, initial conservative treatment with needle biopsy culture and antibiotic administration are a rational option to start. If this treatment fails, surgical debridement is then indicated in order to remove the infected tissue and the acrylic cement and to stabilize the spine. Although this can be an effective treatment, it could be a difficult and hazardous surgical procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Clinic of Navarra, Navarra, Spain. malfonsool@unav.es
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alfonso Olmos
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva González
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duart Clemente
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villas Tomé
mesh_terms: D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013166:Spondylitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome