title: A traditional Japanese medicine mitigates TNBS-induced colitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in dietary habits may be one of the reasons that the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has remained lower in Japan than in Western countries. We investigated whether a traditional Japanese medicine (Strong Wakamto), based on Aspergillus oryzae koji, would exert any effect on experimental colitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis was induced using an enema of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol. Strong Wakamto was administered for 28 days before induction of colitis and for 7 days thereafter, and the effect of this medicine was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with 5% Strong Wakamto improved loss of body-weight, increased colon weight and significantly decreased the histological damage score for colon mucosa. Decreases in faecal Lactobacillus sp., superoxide dismutase activity and zinc concentrations, and the increased IL-1beta expression in colonic tissue after TNBS enema were improved when Strong Wakamto was given. The present in vitro studies indicate that administration of Strong Wakamto prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha production in human macrophages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of Strong Wakamto mitigates experimental inflammatory bowel disease induced by TNBS enema in rats. The beneficial effects seem attributable to a combination of balancing microflora, immunomodulatory effects on gut macrophages, and enhancement of anti-superoxide activity in colonic tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan. cdhpyf@hyo-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Takayasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: Ryoki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tahahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae; D001835:Body Weight; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism; D004733:Enema; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007564:Japan; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015032:Zinc