title: Assessment of axonal degeneration along the human visual pathway using diffusion trace analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of diffusion trace value analysis for non-invasive assessment of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axonal degeneration at multiple anatomic levels along the human visual pathway under clinical setting was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with unilateral chronic optic neuropathy of varying cause and 16 age-matched normal subjects were studied. Trace, a tensor invariant that is considered to be a sensitive index for pathologic changes in axons, was analyzed at nine anatomic sites in each subject, namely, bilaterally at the level of the optic nerves, uncrossed chiasmal fibers, optic tracts and optic radiations, and crossed chiasmal fibers, using a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trace values of the optic nerve and uncrossed chiasmal fibers ipsilateral to the affected eye, the crossed chiasmal fibers, and optic tracts bilaterally were significantly higher than those of the corresponding anatomic sites in normal subjects. The optic nerve and uncrossed chiasmal fibers ipsilateral to the unaffected side and optic radiations, bilaterally, had trace values which were not significantly different from the values of the corresponding anatomic levels in normal subjects. The increase in trace value in the optic nerve and uncrossed chiasmal fibers ipsilateral to the affected side was greater than those of the crossed chiasmal fibers and optic tracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings are highly consistent with a degenerative process of RGC axons and trace values are quantitatively well correlated to predicted pathology at the given anatomical sites. Trace value measurement at multiple sites along fiber pathways appears to be a powerful addition to clinical assessment of the functionality of components of the visual pathways during various stages of a pathologic process.
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrated Human Brain Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Ingrid L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Kwee
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology*; D009897:Optic Chiasm / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000473:pathology*