title: Surgical procedures after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: results of the GEPARDUO trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can increase the rate of breast-conserving surgery in patients with operable breast cancer. However, uncertainty remains regarding surgical procedures and predictors for successful breast-conserving surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was an analysis of surgical data of a representative data subset of 607 patients enrolled in the GEPARDUO study. This prospective, multicenter, phase III study randomly assigned patients with operable breast cancer (> or = 2 cm) to neoadjuvant 8-week dose-dense doxorubicin plus docetaxel or a 24-week schedule of doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel (AC-DOC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast conservation was attempted in 493 (81.2%) patients, but 43 patients eventually required mastectomy, thus resulting in a breast-conserving surgery rate of 74.1%. Breast-conserving re-excision was performed in 61 patients (12.4%). Factors associated with a significantly higher breast-conserving surgery rate were a prechemotherapy tumor size < or = 40 mm, nonlobular histological characteristics, treatment with AC-DOC, clinical response, postchemotherapy tumor size < or = 20 mm, and treatment in a larger center (>10 enrolled patients). Nonlobular histological characteristics and intraoperative frozen-section analysis for margin evaluation were associated with significantly lower reoperation rates (P = .015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Breast conservation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is feasible in most patients with operable breast cancer. For surgical planning, tumor characteristics and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be taken into account. Improved breast-imaging modalities are necessary to improve detection of residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially when breast cancer is of lobular invasive histology. Margin assessment by intraoperative frozen-section analysis is helpful to avoid reoperation. To achieve an optimal result, an interdisciplinary surgical approach is important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J. W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. loibl@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loibl
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Minckwitz
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: Jens-Uwe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Blohmer
authors.forename: Serban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dan Costa
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eidtmann
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Petrich
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilfrich
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackisch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: du Bois
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide