title: Distinctive cortical articulatory representation in cleft lip and palate: a preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate cortical representation of articulation of the bilabial plosive in patients with cleft lip and palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined cortical representation for /pa/-articulation in cleft lip and palate patients using blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from four postsurgical adult cleft lip and palate patients were compared with those from six healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activation foci were found in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortex in all cleft lip and palate patients, as in the controls. The sensorimotor cortex ipsilateral to the side of cleft lip and palate showed greater activation in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients, whereas the sensorimotor cortex contralateral to the side on which cheiloplasty had been performed earlier showed greater activation in a bilateral cleft lip and palate patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that there may be an ipsilateral dominance in cortical representation during bilabial articulation to the side of the cleft in the upper lip.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinagawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Ei-ichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurabayashi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iriki
authors.forename: Kimie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*