title: BMI modifies associations of IL-6 genotypes with insulin resistance: the Framingham Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The -174 interleukin (IL)-6 gene polymorphism has been proposed as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, but data are conflicting. Because white fat is a major source of IL-6 in resting individuals, we tested the hypothesis that BMI modifies the association among the IL-6 genotype, insulin resistance (IR) (measured using the homeostasis model), and risk of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were assessed in a community-based cohort study of 1525 adults (mean age, 55.6 years; 753 men), who participated in the Framingham Offspring Study during the 1991 to 1995 examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a significant interaction between IL-6 genotype and BMI on levels of IR in men (p < 0.0001), with obese homozygotes for the minor C allele being most resistant. The IL-6-BMI interaction was not significant (p = 0.46) in women. Among men with the CC genotype, increasing BMI was associated with increased prevalence of diabetes [odds ratio (OR) per unit increase in BMI, 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11 to 1.50] but not among those with the GG (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.22) or GC genotype (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The -174 IL-6 promoter polymorphism modifies the association of obesity with IR and diabetes risk in men. Weight loss regimens targeted at reducing the risk of diabetes may be of particular benefit for men with a -174 IL-6 CC genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: Chunyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karamohamed
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meigs
authors.forename: L Adrienne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cupples
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6