title: Effects of delayed excision of oviducts/ovaries on mouse oocytes and embryos.
abstract: To achieve the best and reproducible results of experiments, effects of delayed excision of oviducts/ovaries on mouse ovarian/ovulated oocytes and embryos have been studied. Oviducts/ovaries were excised at different times after death of mice and effects of the postmortem interval on ovarian/ovulated oocytes and embryos were analyzed. When oviduct excision was delayed 10 min, many ovulated oocytes lysed or underwent in vitro spontaneous activation, and this postmortem effect aggravated with the extension of postmortem interval and oocyte aging. Oocytes from different mouse strains responded differently to delayed oviduct removal. Delayed oviduct excision did not cause lysis of zygotes or embryos but compromised their developmental potential. When ovaries were excised at 30 min after death, percentages of atretic follicles increased while blastocyst cell number declined significantly after oocyte maturation in vitro. Preservation of oviducts in vitro, in intact or opened abdomen at different temperatures and histological analysis of oviducts from different treatments suggested that toxic substance(s) were secreted from the dying oviducts which induced oocyte lysis and spontaneous activation and both this effect itself and the sensitivity of oocytes to this effect was temperature dependent. It is concluded that a short delay of oviduct/ovary removal had marked detrimental effects on oocytes and embryos. This must be taken into account in experiments using oocytes or embryos from slaughtered animals. The data may also be important for estimation of the time of death in forensic medicine and for rescue of oocytes from deceased valuable or endangered mammals.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, PR China.
authors.forename: De-Qiang
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Suo-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xin-Yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hong-Shu
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Sui
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tian-Wu
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Jing-He
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011247:Pregnancy; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors