title: Acute isoniazid toxicity and the need for adequate pyridoxine supplies.
abstract: A 25-year-old, 54-kg Hispanic man who had recently started multidrug therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis presented in status epilepticus after ingesting 9 g of isoniazid in a suicide attempt. Successful management of this patient required collaboration between several institutions to provide the large amount of necessary intravenous pyridoxine. Ultimately, this single overdose depleted the supply of intravenous pyridoxine for a significant region of the state of Nebraska. Isoniazid is commonly used to treat tuberculosis, but it is encountered relatively infrequently as the cause of an acute overdose. Severe isoniazid overdoses may present as seizure activity that is refractory to conventional antiepileptic therapy. Although intravenous pyridoxine is an effective antidote for isoniazid overdoses in patients presenting with status epilepticus, this agent has few indications and is typically stocked in limited quantities. In regions with large populations of patients who receive antituberculosis therapy, collaborative networks must be created to ensure that adequate supplies of intravenous pyridoxine (> or = 20 g) are available for effective treatment of isoniazid poisonings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA. lmorrow@creighton.edu
authors.forename: Lee E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Wear
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malesker
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000931:Antidotes / Q000600:supply & distribution; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D062787:Drug Overdose; D018954:Drugs, Essential / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D009329:Nebraska; D011736:Pyridoxine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000600:supply & distribution / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D018954:Drugs, Essential; D011736:Pyridoxine; D007538:Isoniazid