Developmental toxic effects of chronic exposure to high doses of iodine in the mouse.
Chronic exposure to high doses of iodine induces thyroid dysfunction, but effects of chronic exposure to high amounts of iodine on pregnancy and fetal outcome are uncertain. In the present study, Balb/C mice were given different doses of iodine at the levels of 0 (sterile water), 1,500, 3,000, 6,000, 12,000 and 24,000 micro g/L in drinking water for 4 months, then were mated and the developmental toxicity and teratogenicity were evaluated. An obvious colloid goiter was observed, and serum total thyroxine (TT4) levels increased and serum total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels decreased significantly in dams when iodine dose reached 3,000 micro g/L. Maternal effect was evident by the reduction of average daily food consumption in higher doses of iodine groups. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity were mainly indicated by the reduced body weight in female fetuses, the decreased number of live fetuses, and the increased incidence of resorptions, and especially skeletal variations. These results suggest that exposure to maternally toxic doses of iodine may have a potential developmental toxic effect.
Yang
Xue F
XF
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Xu
Jian
J
Hou
Xiao H
XH
Guo
Huai L
HL
Hao
Li P
LP
Yao
Ping
P
Liu
Lie G
LG
Sun
Xiu F
XF
D000818:Animals; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005327:Fetal Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced; D020567:Fetal Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006044:Goiter, Nodular / Q000139:chemically induced; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012272:Ribs / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects; D012737:Sex Factors; D013249:Sternum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
D003102:Colloids; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D007455:Iodine; D013974:Thyroxine