A review of an emerging enteric pathogen: enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an increasingly recognized enteric pathogen. It is a cause of both acute and persistent diarrhoea among children, adults and HIV-infected persons, in both developing and developed countries. In challenge studies, EAEC has caused diarrhoeal illness with the ingestion of 10(10) c.f.u. Outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness due to EAEC have been reported, and linked to the ingestion of contaminated food. Diarrhoeal illness due to EAEC is the result of a complex pathogen-host interaction. Some infections due to EAEC result in diarrhoeal illness and elicit an inflammatory response, whereas other infections do not result in a symptomatic infection. Many putative virulence genes and EAEC strains that produce biofilm have been identified; however, the clinical significance of these genes and of biofilm production has yet to be defined. A -251 AA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the interleukin (IL)-8 promoter region is reported to increase host susceptibility to EAEC diarrhoea. Ciprofloxacin and rifaximin continue to be an effective treatment in persons infected with EAEC. This review is intended to provide an updated review for healthcare workers on EAEC, an emerging enteric pathogen.
Huang
David B
DB
Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 535EE, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Mohanty
Alakananda
A
University of Texas at Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler - E50, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
DuPont
Herbert L
HL
Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, 535EE, Houston, TX 77030, USA.|University of Texas at Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.|University of Texas at Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler - E50, Houston, TX 77030, USA.|St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, 6720 Bertner Avenue, MC 1-164, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Okhuysen
Pablo C
PC
University of Texas at Houston Medical School, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.|University of Texas at Houston School of Public Health, 1200 Herman Pressler - E50, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Chiang
Tom
T
New Jersey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 385 Tremont Avenue, East Orange, NJ 07018-1023, USA.
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014774:Virulence; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000930:Antidiarrheals; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D016209:Interleukin-8; D037521:Virulence Factors