title: Sacral nerve stimulation for the management of voiding dysfunction.
abstract: Voiding dysfunction is common, and patients with urge incontinence, frequency/urgency syndromes, and chronic urinary retention are challenging to treat once conservative therapies (such as pharmacologic agents, pelvic floor rehabilitation, and intermittent catheterization) have been exhausted. Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is a new, minimally invasive, reversible therapy for the management of refractory voiding dysfunction and provides an attractive therapeutic alternative for patients with this condition. In this review, the role of SNS in the management of voiding dysfunction is examined critically, and the efficacy, risks, and benefits of this new modality are evaluated.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Longhurst