title: Valproate inhibition of histone deacetylase 2 affects differentiation and decreases proliferation of endometrial stromal sarcoma cells.
abstract: Covalent modifications of histone proteins, in particular deacetylation of lysine residues, are important for the regulation of gene transcription both in normal and malignant cells. These processes are controlled by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDAC) and have up to now not been described in solid mesenchymal tumors. The present study shows differences in the HDAC1 and HDAC2 expression in endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) and a cognate cell line (ESS-1) compared with nonneoplastic endometrial stroma. We show for the first time that HDAC2 expression is consistently increased in ESS. In contrast, HDAC1 expression is generally lower than HDAC2 both in nonneoplastic stroma and in ESS, suggesting that these two proteins, although closely related, are regulated in different ways. In vitro experiments with an ESS cell line showed that valproate, an inhibitor of the class I HDACs, led to significant HDAC2 decrease and to cell differentiation. HDAC2 inhibition in ESS-1 cells caused significant changes in the cell cycle by inhibiting G1-S transition and influencing expression of p21WAF1 and cyclin D1. Moreover, in ESS-1 cells, increased expression of the p21WAF1 was associated with reduction of HDAC2 expression after transfection with small interfering RNA directed against HDAC2. Our results suggest that HDAC2 might be considered as potential drug target in the therapy of ESS and that HDAC inhibitors should be further evaluated in clinical trials in ESS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria. andelko.hrzenjak@klinikum-graz.at
authors.forename: Andelko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hrzenjak
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moinfar
authors.forename: Marie-Luise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kremser
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Strohmeier
authors.forename: Philipp B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Staber
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denk
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018203:Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014635:Valproic Acid; C110550:HDAC1 protein, human; D056284:Histone Deacetylase 1; D056464:Histone Deacetylase 2; D006655:Histone Deacetylases