title: A background to acupuncture and its use in chronic painful musculoskeletal conditions.
abstract: This article gives a brief description of the origins of acupuncture and describes some of the underlying philosophy behind this treatment and attempts to place it in context of the traditional Chinese medicine genre within which acupuncture is set. The article then explains the difference between traditional and Western style acupuncture and explains how point selection is made. The use of acupuncture is steadily increasing for a variety of reasons, it is a very safe intervention particularly when compared to conventional treatment and its lack of serious side effects might in part account for some of its popularity. The science behind acupuncture is also explored in terms of its underlying mechanisms and includes pain gate, endogenous opioids, diffuse noxious inhibitory control, serotonin and bioelectricity as possible explanations. The efficacy of acupuncture for a range of chronic musculoskeletal conditions is then explored and it is concluded that acupuncture has a place in the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain and in particular osteo-arthritis (OA). Where degenerative conditions are involved, acupuncture clearly cannot provide a 'cure' but can provide symptomatic relief, often over a prolonged period.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Professions and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ. pjw1@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D026881:Acupuncture; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D059408:Pain Management; D010686:Philosophy, Medical; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome