title: "Did you see him in the newspaper?" Electrophysiological correlates of context and valence in face processing.
abstract: Face recognition emerges from an interaction between bottom-up and top-down processing. Specifically, it relies on complex associations between the visual representation of a given face and previously stored knowledge about that face (e.g. biographical details). In the present experiment, the time-course of the interaction between bottom-up and top-down processing was investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) and manipulating realistic, ecological contextual information. In the study phase, half of the faces (context faces) were framed in a newspaper page entitled with an action committed by the person depicted; these actions could have a positive or a negative value, so in this way emotional valence could be manipulated. The other half was presented on a neutral background (no-context faces). In the test phase, previously presented faces and new ones were presented on neutral backgrounds and an old/new discrimination was requested. The N170 component was modulated by both context (presence/absence at encoding) and valence (positive/negative). A reduction in amplitude was found for context faces as opposed to no-context faces. The same pattern was observed for negative faces compared to positive ones. Moreover, later activations associated with context and valence were differentially distributed over the scalp: context effects were prominent in left frontal areas, traditionally linked to person-specific information retrieval, whereas valence effects were broadly distributed over the scalp. In relation to recent neuroimaging findings on the neural basis of top-down modulations, present findings indicate that the information flow from higher-order areas might have modulated the N170 component and mediated the retrieval of semantic information pertaining to the study episode.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Psicologia, Via S. Niccolò 93, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Feurra
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Viggiano
mesh_terms: D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003463:Cues; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005145:Face / Q000502:physiology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology