title: MDM2 promoter polymorphism is associated with both an increased susceptibility to gastric carcinoma and poor prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter (SNP309) has been found to lower the age of onset of tumors and increase the occurrence of multiple primary tumors in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and accelerate the development of sporadic adult soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of this study was to determine whether SNP309 is associated with susceptibility to gastric carcinoma and its prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study including 438 controls and 410 patients with sporadic gastric carcinoma, MDM2 SNP309 was genotyped. Serum pepsinogens (PGs) I and II were measured in 438 control subjects and 253 cases selected from 410 patients. Tumor tissue was immunostained with p53 and examined for mutations in exons 5 to 8 of p53 using polymerase chain reaction-based single strand conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk of overall gastric carcinoma for SNP309 (G/G) was significantly increased when compared with T carriers (P = .039), especially carcinomas with extragastric tumors (P = .005), carcinoma with severe atrophic gastritis positive for PG assay (PG I level < 70 ng/mL and PG I/II < 3.0; P = .005), antral carcinoma (P = .020), intestinal-type carcinoma (P = .023), p53-immunopositive carcinoma (P = .007), and carcinoma with p53 mutations (P = .007). No significant difference in age at diagnosis was observed among genotypes. SNP309 (G/G) was an independent marker of poor overall survival in advanced carcinoma (hazard ratio, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.22 to 8.20; P = .018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence supporting the association of SNP309 with gastric carcinogenesis via p53 tumor suppressor pathway, extragastric tumorigenesis, and poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan 466-8550; nohmiya@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohmiya
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mabuchi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirooka
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D016158:Genes, p53; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2