title: Evaluation of apolipoprotein A1 and posttranslationally modified forms of transthyretin as biomarkers for ovarian cancer detection in an independent study population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although overall 5-year survival rates for ovarian cancer are poor (10-30%), stage I/IIa patients have a 95% 5-year survival. New biomarkers that improve the diagnostic performance of existing tumor markers are critically needed. A previous study by Zhang et al. reported identification and validation of three biomarkers using proteomic profiling that together improved early-stage ovarian cancer detection.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate these markers in an independent study population, postdiagnostic/pretreatment serum samples were collected from women hospitalized at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 to 1989 as part of the National Cancer Institute Immunodiagnostic Serum Bank. Sera from 42 women with ovarian cancer, 65 with benign tumors, and 76 with digestive diseases were included in this study. Levels of various posttranslationally forms of transthyretin and apolipoprotein A1 were measured in addition to CA125.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean levels of five of the six forms of transthyretin were significantly lower in cases than in controls. The specificity of a model including transthyretin and apolipoprotein A1 alone was high [96.5%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 91.9-98.8%] but sensitivity was low (52.4%; 95% CI, 36.4-68.0%). A class prediction algorithm using all seven markers, CA125, and age maintained high specificity (94.3%; 95% CI, 89.1-97.5%) but had higher sensitivity (78.6%; 95% CI, 63.2-89.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We were able to replicate the findings reported by Zhang et al. in an independently conducted blinded study. These results provide some evidence that including age of patient and these markers in a model may improve specificity, especially when CA125 levels are >/=35 units/mL. Influences of sample handling, subject characteristics, and other covariates on biomarker levels require further consideration in discovery and replication or validation studies.
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6120 Executive Boulevard, EPS 8118, Bethesda, MD 20852-7240, USA. moorele@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lee E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Marielena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rabkin
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fujun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Xiao-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000032:analysis*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D011228:Prealbumin