title: Prospective radiographic and clinical outcomes of dual-rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: comparison with single-rod constructs.
abstract: METHODS
  Anterior single or dual-rod instrumentation may be performed for the treatment of main thoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the results of anterior dual-rod instrumentation in single-major AIS curves with our previous experience using single-rod constructs.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several reports have described the use of anterior single-rod instrumentation for the treatment of AIS curves with acceptable correction rates but with pseudarthroses/implant failures of up to 31%.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 consecutive patients with AIS (12 males and 48 females; average age 15.3 years) with major thoracic (n = 18) or thoracolumbar/lumbar (n = 42) curves were treated with dual-rod instrumented anterior spinal fusion. Follow-up was 2-5 years. Patients were evaluated prospectively with Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major thoracic curves were corrected from a mean of 55 degrees to 27 degrees (51% correction), while major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves were corrected from an average of 51 degrees to 17 degrees at latest follow-up (67% correction). No pseudarthroses were identified. With the use of single-rod constructs, a similar amount of coronal correction was obtained for both thoracic (47%) and thoracolumbar/lumbar curves (70%). However, the pseudarthrosis rate for single-rod constructs was 5.5%. The obvious trend toward a lower pseudarthrosis rate in dual-rod (0/60) versus single-rod (5/90) constructs was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Follow-up SRS questionnaire data for patients with dual-rod instrumentation showed 95% satisfaction, and 93% would choose the same treatment with similar results in the single-rod instrumentation study, 88% patient satisfaction, and 89% choosing the same treatment. Overall SRS scores improved after treatment (P < 0.01). SRS domain scores improved at a significant level for pain (P = 0.05), self-image (P < 0.01), and function (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this largest, to our knowledge, single-center report of dual-rod constructs for patients with AIS, a similar amount of radiographic deformity correction was obtained when compared to single-rod implants. However, the absence of any pseudarthroses in the 60 patients with dual-rod is a distinct advantage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Hurford
authors.forename: Lawrence G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lenke
authors.forename: Stanley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sides
authors.forename: Keith H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bridwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000469:parasitology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome