title: Incompetence of the internal jugular venous valve: spectrum of echo-Doppler appearances.
abstract: The echocardiographic literature contains very scant reference to incompetence of the valve in the internal jugular vein. However, we found frequent Doppler evidence of such incompetence, especially in patients with congestive failure. This incompetence manifests as a variety of color Doppler and pulsed Doppler patterns, illustrated here in 3 patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Memphis VA Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, USA.
authors.forename: Ivan A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: D'Cruz
authors.forename: Rami N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Khouzam
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Minderman
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munir
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology