The role of health professionals in childhood injury prevention: a systematic review of the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature to explore health professionals' knowledge, attitudes and practices and their role in childhood injury prevention.


METHODS
MEDLINE (1966-September Week 1 2005), EMBASE (1980-2005 Week 37), CINAHL (1982-September Week 1 2005), BRITISH NURSING INDEX (1985-September 2005) and PsychINFO (1967-August Week 5 2005) were searched using relevant 'medical subheadings' (for MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL) and 'thesaurus terms' (for PsychINFO).


RESULTS
Twenty-five primary studies were retrieved, the majority of which were surveys. Health professionals' knowledge was reported to be variable, although generally they have a positive attitude towards childhood injury prevention. Even with adequate knowledge and positive attitudes there appear to be barriers in prevention practice.


CONCLUSIONS
There continues to be a need for high quality research specifically looking at how to change practice. Nevertheless, although training may be effective at increasing health professionals' knowledge and changing their attitudes, legislative and engineering measures may ultimately more effective at reducing the burden of childhood injuries.


CONCLUSIONS
Barriers to practice for health professionals need to be taken into account. No matter how knowledgeable nor how positive their attitudes to childhood injury prevention if barriers to practice are not addressed we will move no closer to reducing the burden of injuries in childhood. Those health professionals who are positive about their role may be best suited to continue to raise the issue campaigning for legislative and engineering changes which can reduce childhood injuries.
Woods
Amanda J
AJ
School of Nursing, University of Nottingham, Room B62, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, NG7 2UH Nottingham, UK. amanda.woods@nottingham.ac.uk
D000056:Accident Prevention; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D002983:Clinical Competence; D017281:Cost of Illness; D014943:Global Health; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000458:organization & administration; D024382:Professional Role; D012107:Research Design; D017751:Safety Management; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017748:Time Management; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*