title: Cytokine expression in leucocytes and gut cells of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, induced by probiotics.
abstract: Understanding how the various host cells respond to probiotic bacteria in vitro may provide important insight into elaborate immune responses triggered by beneficial bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the detailed pattern of the mRNA expression of cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-8, TNF-alpha and TGF-beta) in head kidney (HK) leucocytes and gut cells isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) after co-culturing with live probiotics. HK leucocytes and gut cells adjusted to 5 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(6) ml(-1), respectively, in L-15 medium containing 25% decomplemented FCS and 300 mg l(-1) L-glutamine were co-cultured with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum B26 and C. divergens B33 at an multiplicity of infection of 25 for 6 and 12 h. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Green I was employed to determine the mRNA expression of studied genes. Although neither probiotic strains significantly induced mRNA of the cytokines in gut cells, expression ratios of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha of HK cells were significantly higher, suggesting that these bacteria can stimulate innate immunity in rainbow trout.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, John Muir Building, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Do-Hyung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000276:immunology*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000276:immunology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha