title: Altered frontocortical, cerebellar, and basal ganglia activity in adjuvant-treated breast cancer survivors 5-10 years after chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship of regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism with cognitive function and past exposure to chemotherapy for breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects treated for breast cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy remotely (5-10 years previously) were studied with neuropsychologic testing and positron emission tomography (PET), and were compared with control subjects who had never received chemotherapy. [O-15] water PET scans was acquired during performance of control and memory-related tasks to evaluate cognition-related cerebral blood flow, and [F-18] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET scans were acquired to evaluate resting cerebral metabolism. PET scans were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping and region of interest methods of analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During performance of a short-term recall task, modulation of cerebral blood flow in specific regions of frontal cortex and cerebellum was significantly altered in chemotherapy-treated subjects. Cerebral activation in chemotherapy-treated subjects differed most significantly from untreated subjects in inferior frontal gyrus, and resting metabolism in this area correlated with performance on a short-term memory task previously found to be particularly impaired in chemotherapy-treated subjects. In examining drug-class specific effects, metabolism of the basal ganglia was significantly decreased in tamoxifen + chemotherapy-treated patients compared with chemotherapy-only breast cancer subjects or with subjects who had not received chemotherapy, while chemotherapy alone was not associated with decreased basal ganglia activity relative to untreated subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specific alterations in activity of frontal cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia in breast cancer survivors were documented by functional neuroimaging 5-10 years after completion of chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6942, USA. dsilver@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Daniel H S
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Christine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Dy
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Castellon
authors.forename: Jasmine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Betty S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pio
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waddell
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ganz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013629:Tamoxifen