title: Decrease of cytotoxic T cells in allergic asthma correlates with total serum immunglobulin E.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allergic asthma has been linked to an increase in T-helper type 2-like cytokines and T cells, but there is growing evidence for a role of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic potential of different lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with allergic asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Granzyme A, B, K, and perforin expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. Soluble granzymes were measured in serum using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asthmatics had significantly decreased percentages of granzyme and perforin-positive CD4 T cells compared with non-atopic controls. In patients with asthma, the granzyme B and perforin-positive subset of CD8(+) T cells and natural killer T cells, which represent more differentiated cell populations, were significantly reduced, while this was not observed in the less differentiated granzyme K(+) subsets. In addition, the serum concentrations of granzyme B were significantly reduced in patients with asthma, while granzyme K concentrations were not different. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between granzyme A, B and perforin expression in T cell subsets as well as serum granzyme B concentrations and total serum immunglobulin E. In CD3-negative natural killer cells, no differences in granzyme or perforin expression between patients with asthma and controls were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In allergic asthma, cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets of a more differentiated phenotype are significantly decreased and this is correlated to serum immunglobulin E levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bratke
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuepper
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bade
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faehndrich
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luttmann
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Virchow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D053804:Granzymes / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D054353:Perforin; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D054353:Perforin; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D053804:Granzymes