title: The role of p63 in germ cell apoptosis in the developing testis.
abstract: The fetal and neonatal development of male germ cells (gonocytes) is a poorly understood but crucial process for establishing fertility. In rodents, gonocytes go through two phases of proliferation accompanied by apoptosis and separated by a quiescent period during the end of fetal development. P63 is a member of the P53 gene family that yields six isoforms. We detected only the p63 protein and no p53 and p73 in the nucleus of the gonocytes of mouse testes. We report for the first time the ontogeny of each p63 mRNA isoform during testis development. We observed a strong expression of p63gamma mRNA and protein when gonocytes are in the quiescent period. In vitro treatment with retinoic acid prevented gonocytes from entering the quiescent period and was correlated with a reduced production of p63gamma isoform mRNA. We investigated the function of p63 by studying the testicular phenotype of P63-null mice. P63 invalidation slightly, but significantly increased the number of gonocytes counted during the quiescent period. As P63-null animals die at birth we used an original organ culture that mimicked neonatal in vivo development to study further the testicular development. P63 invalidation resulted in a sharply increased number of gonocytes during the culture period due to a decrease in spontaneous apoptosis with no change in proliferation. P63 invalidation also caused abnormal morphologies in the germ cells that were also found in P63(+/-) adult male mice. Thus, p63 appears as an important regulator of germ cell development.
authors.affiliation: CEA, DSV/DRR/SEGG, Laboratoire de Différenciation et de Radiobiologie des Gonades, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
authors.forename: Bétrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petre-Lazar
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Livera
authors.forename: Stéphanie G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trautmann
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duquenne
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hanoux
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habert
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coffigny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005865:Gestational Age; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013093:Spermatogonia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; C486419:Trp63 protein, mouse; C000606368:Trp73 protein, mouse; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin