title: Social anxiety and the shame of psychosis: a study in first episode psychosis.
abstract: Social anxiety disorder (SaD) or social phobia is a co-morbid affective disorder in schizophrenia, present in up to one in three individuals. We employ 'social rank' theory to predict that one pathway to social anxiety in schizophrenia is triggered by the anticipation of a catastrophic loss of social status that the stigma of schizophrenia can entail. A group of 79 people with a first episode of psychosis were assessed for social anxiety: hypotheses were tested comparing 23 socially anxious and 56 non-anxious patients on measures of cognitive appraisals of shame/stigma of psychosis and perceived social status, controlling for depression, psychotic symptoms and general psychopathology. Participants with social anxiety experienced greater shame attached to their diagnosis and felt that the diagnosis placed them apart from others, i.e., socially marginalised them and incurred low social status. We propose a stigma model of social anxiety that makes testable predictions about how the shame beliefs may contaminate social interaction and thereby exacerbate and maintain social phobia.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. m.j.birchwod.20@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Birchwood
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trower
authors.forename: Kat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brunet
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Zaffer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011287:Prejudice; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012752:Shame