Model estimation and measurement of ammonia emission from naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings with slatted floor designs.
Laboratory experiments were carried out in a wind tunnel with a model of a slurry pit to investigate the characteristics of ammonia emission from dairy cattle buildings with slatted floor designs. Ammonia emission at different temperatures and air velocities over the floor surface above the slurry pit was measured with uniform feces spreading and urine sprinkling on the surface daily. The data were used to improve a model for estimation of ammonia emission from dairy cattle buildings. Estimates from the updated emission model were compared with measured data from five naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings. The overall measured ammonia emission rates were in the range of 11-88 g per cow per day at air temperatures of 2.3-22.4 degrees C. Ammonia emission rates estimated by the model were in the range of 19-107 g per cow per day for the surveyed buildings. The average ammonia emission estimated by the model was 11% higher than the mean measured value. The results show that predicted emission patterns generally agree with the measured one, but the prediction has less variation. The model performance may be improved if the influence of animal activity and management strategy on ammonia emission could be estimated and more reliable data of air velocities of the buildings could be obtained.
Wang
Chaoyuan
C
Department of Agricultural Structure and Bio-Environmental Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Li
Baoming
B
Zhang
Guoqiang
G
Rom
Hans Benny
HB
Strøom
Jan S
JS
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008372:Manure; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014691:Ventilation; D014835:Volatilization
D000393:Air Pollutants; D008372:Manure; D000641:Ammonia