title: Sulphasalazine inhibits human antigen-specific immune responses in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of the antirheumatic drug sulphasalazine (SASP) on the immune system by analysing systemic and gut-associated immune responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 healthy volunteers were treated with either SASP or placebo for 5 weeks in a double-blind fashion and immunised 2 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Specific immune responses were triggered by subcutaneous immunisation with tetanus toxoid and by peroral immunisation with inactivated influenza vaccine. The effects of treatment on specific immunity to tetanus and influenza were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot assay quantifying the number of circulating specific and total antibody-producing cells (spot-forming cells (SFC)) at 6, 8 and 10 days after immunisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An immunosuppressive effect of SASP on systemic immune response was observed with a decrease in the total number of IgG-SFC, IgG anti-tetanus SFC and IgG anti-tetanus antibody levels in serum. SASP also exerted an immunosuppressive effect on the mucosa-associated immune system as seen from its down-regulating effect on the total number of circulating IgA SFC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show firstly that SASP exerts an immunosuppressive effect on defined immune responses to immunisation in vivo, and secondly that both mucosa-associated and systemic immunity are affected by SASP treatment.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, S-171 76 Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, and The Blood Bank, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. tina.trollmo@ki.se
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trollmo
authors.forename: Sveinn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gudmundsson
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feltelius
authors.forename: Siv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogberg
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smedegård
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klareskog
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D000921:Antibody-Producing Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D000939:Epitopes; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D012460:Sulfasalazine