title: Characterization of drug-resistance mutations in HIV-1 isolates from non-HAART and HAART treated patients in Burkina Faso.
abstract: Non-B HIV subtypes have been estimated to account for 88% of HIV infections in the world. These subtypes are particularly relevant in view of the availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, since subtype-specific mutations are associated with drug-resistance in developing countries. Therefore, the pol gene sequences in HIV-1 isolates were examined from the three distinct groups of 39 infected patients from Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso: 17 patients who had not received any antiretroviral therapy (ART); 16 patients received ART, and 6 HIV-infected children, from infected mothers, received a single Nevirapine dose prophylaxis during birth. HIV-1 pol sequencing was successful for 29 samples. As expected, all patients presented the common (non-B subtype) M36I polymorphism and 26/29 (90%) the K20I mutation. Phylogenetic studies showed high predominance of recombinant HIV-1 strains: CRF06_cpx 16/29 (55.17%), CRF02_AG 9/29 (31.03%), A1 2/29 (6.89%), G 1/29 (3.44%), and CRF09_cpx 1/29 (3.44%). Two twins showed, 6 months after birth, a NNRTI-mutation (Y181C/Y). During the same period, the twin mother presented a different NNRTI-mutation (V106I), thus suggesting that the different blood drug concentration may determine a different drug-resistance pathway. Among 17 non-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) patients, 3/17 (17.64%) presented virus with reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations [V118I: 1/17 patients (5.88%), V179E: 2/17 patients (11.76%)]. 10/17 (58.82%) presented virus with minor protease (PR) mutations [L63P: 5/17 patients (29.41%), V77I: 3/17 patients (17.64%), L10I: 2/17 patients (11.76%)]. 4/17 patients did not show any PR and RT mutations (23.52%). Among six HAART-treated patients, 6/6 and 3/6 had M36I and L63LP protease minor subtypes, respectively; and only two (33.33%) presented virus with K103N mutation. The low prevalence of drug-resistant associated mutations in Burkina Faso is encouraging. However, further studies with a larger cohort with a high non-B subtype prevalence are necessary to optimize ART in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Centre Médical Saint Camille de Ouagadougou, Centre d'Accueil et de Solidarité de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Nadembega
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giannella
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpore
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceccherini-Silberstein
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pietra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertoli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bellocchi
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nikiema
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bere
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colizzi
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Perno
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Musumeci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002050:Burkina Faso / Q000453:epidemiology; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents