title: A naturally occurring mutation in the human androgen receptor of a subject with complete androgen insensitivity confers binding and transactivation by estradiol.
abstract: The clinical phenotype of complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS) was associated with a mutation in the human androgen receptor (hAR) gene encoding the amino acid substitution, M745I, in the hAR protein. Transcriptional activation of hAR(M745I) by the synthetic androgen, methyltrienolone (R1881), was reduced compared to wild-type (wt) hAR. The transcriptional co-activator, androgen receptor associated protein 70 (ARA70), failed to enhance transactivation of hAR(M745I) at lower concentrations of R1881 (0.01-0.1 nM), whereas the p160 co-activators, SRC-1 and TIF2, stimulated activity. Transcriptional activity of hAR(M745I) was stimulated by 1 or 10 nM R1881 and activity was further enhanced by co-expression of ARA70 similar to that of the hAR(wt). Transcriptional activity of hAR(wt) was minimally stimulated by estradiol (E2) without or with co-expression of ARA70, whereas 10 or 100 nM E2 increased transactivation by hAR(M745I) of the androgen-responsive MMTV-luciferase reporter gene by 10-fold and activity was further enhanced by ARA70. Increasing concentrations of E2 competed more effectively for binding of R1881 to hAR(M745I) than to hAR(wt), indicative of the preferential binding of E2 to the mutant hAR. Partial tryptic digestion of hAR wt and M745I revealed that activation of the mutant protein was reduced in the presence of R1881. By contrast, tryptic digestion showed that the mutant hAR was activated by the binding of E2. In conclusion, the clinical phenotype of CAIS resulted from a hAR gene mutation encoding hAR(M745I) with reduced binding and transactivation by androgens, but the novel properties of enhanced affinity for and increased transactivation by estradiol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Reproductive Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205-2103, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Bonagura
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Terry R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D013734:Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D019556:COS Cells; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015723:Gene Library; D006367:HeLa Cells; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015741:Metribolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D000728:Androgens; C498001:NCOA2 protein, human; C111382:NCOA4 protein, human; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015741:Metribolone; D004958:Estradiol; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C538859:NCOA1 protein, human; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1