title: Cardioprotective effect of the Hibiscus rosa sinensis flowers in an oxidative stress model of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study investigates the cardioprotective effects of Hibiscus rosa sinensis in myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury, particularly in terms of its antioxidant effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medicinal values of the flowers of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (Chinese rose) have been mentioned in ancient literature as useful in disorders of the heart. Dried pulverized flower of Hibiscus rosa sinensis was administered orally to Wistar albino rats (150-200 gms) in three different doses [125, 250 and 500 mg/kg in 2% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC)], 6 days per week for 4 weeks. Thereafter, rats were sacrificed; either for the determination of baseline changes in cardiac endogenous antioxidants [superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase] or the hearts were subjected to isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant increase in the baseline contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) [a measure of lipid per oxidation] with both doses of Hibiscus Rosa sinensis. In the 250 mg/kg treated group, there was significant increase in superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and catalase levels but not in the 125 and 500 mg/kg treated groups. Significant rise in myocardial thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and loss of superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione (suggestive of increased oxidative stress) occurred in the vehicle treated hearts subjected to in vivo myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be concluded that flower of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (250 mg/kg) augments endogenous antioxidant compounds of rat heart and also prevents the myocardium from isoproterenol induced myocardial injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, K.M. College of Pharmacy, Madurai-107, India. gauthamank@gmail.com
authors.forename: Karunakaran K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gauthaman
authors.forename: Mohamed T S
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Thanislas
authors.forename: Vinoth V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Prabhu
authors.forename: Karthikeyan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Krishnamoorthy
authors.forename: Niranjali S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Devaraj
authors.forename: Jayaprakash S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Somasundaram
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D035264:Flowers; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D031584:Hibiscus; D007545:Isoproterenol; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D028321:Plant Preparations; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D007545:Isoproterenol