title: Laminar degeneration of the frontal and temporal cortex in neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID): a study original using alpha-internexin immunohistochemistry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the laminar distribution of the pathological changes in the frontal and temporal lobe in neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID).
  
  
  METHODS
  The distribution of the alpha-internexin-positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI), surviving neurons, swollen achromatic neurons (SN) and glial cell nuclei was studied across the cortex in gyri of the frontal and temporal lobe in 10 cases of NIFID.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of the NCI was highly variable within different gyri, a peak in the upper cortex, a bimodal distribution with peaks of density in the upper and lower laminae, or no significant variation in density across the cortex. The surviving neurons were either bimodally distributed or exhibited no significant change in density across the cortex. The SN and glial cell nuclei were most abundant in the lower cortical laminae. In half of the gyri, variations in density of the NCI across the cortex were positively correlated with the SN. In some gyri, the surviving neurons were positively correlated with the SN and negatively correlated with the glial cell nuclei. In addition, the SN and glial cell nuclei were positively correlated in over half the gyri studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that frontal and temporal lobe degeneration in NIFID characterized by NCI, SN, neuronal loss and gliosis extends across the cortical laminae with considerable variation between cases and gyri. alpha-internexin-positive neurons in the upper laminae appear to be particularly vulnerable. The gliosis appears to be largely correlated with the appearance of SN and with neuronal loss and not related to the NCI.
authors.affiliation: Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK. R.A.Armstrong@aston.ac.uk
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cairns
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005911:Gliosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007382:Intermediate Filaments / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; C046643:alpha-internexin