title: Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation underlying temporal integration of signals.
abstract: How cells convert the duration of signals into differential adaptation of gene expression is a poorly understood issue. Signal-induced immediate-early gene (IEG) expression couples early signals to late expression of downstream <target> genes. Here we study how kinetic features of the IEG-<target> system allow temporal integration of stimuli in a pancreatic beta cell model of metabolic stimulation. Gene expression profiling revealed that beta cells produce drastically different transcriptional outputs in response to different stimuli durations. Noteworthy, most genes (87%) regulated by a sustained stimulation (4 h) were not regulated by a transient stimulation (1 h followed by 3 h without stimulus). We analyzed the induction kinetics of several previously identified IEGs and <targets>. IEG expression persisted as long as stimulation was maintained, but was rapidly lost upon stimuli removal, abolishing the delayed <target> induction. The molecular mechanisms coupling the duration of stimuli to quantitative <target> transcription were demonstrated for the AP-1 transcription factor. In conclusion, we propose that the network composed of IEGs and their <targets> dynamically functions to convert signal inputs of different durations into quantitative differences in global transcriptional adaptation. These findings provide a novel and more comprehensive view of dynamic gene regulation.
authors.affiliation: Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dominique A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Glauser
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schlegel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D005947:Glucose