title: Autoinhibition regulates the motility of the C. elegans intraflagellar transport motor OSM-3.
abstract: OSM-3 is a Kinesin-2 family member from Caenorhabditis elegans that is involved in intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process essential for the construction and maintenance of sensory cilia. In this study, using a single-molecule fluorescence assay, we show that bacterially expressed OSM-3 in solution does not move processively (multiple steps along a microtubule without dissociation) and displays low microtubule-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. However, a point mutation (G444E) in a predicted hinge region of OSM-3's coiled-coil stalk as well as a deletion of that hinge activate ATPase activity and induce robust processive movement. These hinge mutations also cause a conformational change in OSM-3, causing it to adopt a more extended conformation. The motility of wild-type OSM-3 also can be activated by attaching the motor to beads in an optical trap, a situation that may mimic attachment to IFT cargo. Our results suggest that OSM-3 motility is repressed by an intramolecular interaction that involves folding about a central hinge and that IFT cargo binding relieves this autoinhibition in vivo. Interestingly, the G444E allele in C. elegans produces similar ciliary defects to an osm-3-null mutation, suggesting that autoinhibition is important for OSM-3's biological function.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: Nicholas F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gennerich
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005407:Flagella / Q000502:physiology*; D016547:Kinesins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D017510:Protein Folding; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; C093002:OSM-3 protein, C elegans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D016547:Kinesins