title: Three-Dimensional (3D) Vision: Does It Improve Laparoscopic Skills? An Assessment of a 3D Head-Mounted Visualization System.
abstract: Laparoscopic urologic procedures have become increasingly popular, but their widespread use has been limited by training issues. The use of 3-dimensional (3D) vision might aid in training and performance of laparoscopic tasks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a 3D visual system used by novice laparoscopists. In this prospective, randomized study, 24 novice laparos-copists were evaluated on a validated and standardized laparoscopic task using both 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D visualization systems. The task was performed more rapidly with 3D visualization (108 vs. 127 seconds, P < .05). On subjective evaluations, participants believed the task was easier with the 3D system, and participants preferred the 3D system to the 2D system by a 2:1 margin. 3D visualization improves the learning curve for laparoscopic surgery. Surgeons should consider 3D systems when learning complex laparoscopic surgeries. Further evaluation of operative times and complications is needed in clinical studies.
authors.forename: Sam B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Bhayani
authors.forename: Gerald L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Andriole