title: [Strategical approach for the treatment of the horizontal laxity of the lower lid].
abstract: Horizontal laxity of the lower lid is often unrecognized and leads to a wrong treatment. The proper analysis of periorbital anatomy is most important to identify the pathophysiology in each case. Typically, the lateral canthal tendon becomes lax, resulting in eyelid malpositions. The mainstay of treatment includes tightening of either the inferior crus of the lateral canthal tendon or repositioning the entire lateral canthal tendon. The types of procedure performed will be reviewed in detail. The evaluation of the tarsal strip and the lateral dermal orbicular pennant flap as unique reconstructive tools and as adjuncts to aesthetic surgery will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Plastische Chirurgie, Dreifaltigkeitskrankenhaus Wesseling. am.reichenberger@t-online.de
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reichenberger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoff
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D004483:Ectropion / Q000601:surgery*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques