title: Regulatory role of gammadelta T cells in the recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to lung and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: The mechanisms by which T cells accumulate in the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis are poorly understood. Because the lung is continually exposed to microbial agents from the environment, we repeatedly exposed C57BL/6 mice to the ubiquitous microorganism, Bacillus subtilis, to determine whether chronic exposure to an inhaled microorganism could lead to T cell accumulation in the lungs and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice repeatedly treated with B. subtilis for 4 consecutive weeks developed a 33-fold increase in the number of CD4+ T cells and a 354-fold increase in gammadelta T cells in the lung. The gammadelta T cells consisted almost entirely of Vgamma6/Vdelta1+ cells, a murine subset bearing an invariant TCR the function of which is still unknown. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with heat-killed vs live B. subtilis resulted in a 2-fold increase in the number of CD4+ T cells in the lung but no expansion of gammadelta T cells indicating that gammadelta cells accumulate in response to live microorganisms. In addition, mice treated with heat-killed B. subtilis developed significantly increased pulmonary fibrosis compared with mice treated with the live microorganism. Mice deficient in Vgamma6/Vdelta1+ T cells when treated with B. subtilis had a 231-fold increase in lung CD4+ T cells and significantly increased collagen deposition compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice, consistent with an immunoregulatory role for the Vgamma6/Vdelta1 T cell subset. These findings indicate that chronic inhalation of B. subtilis can result in T cell accumulation in the lung and fibrosis, constituting a new model of immune-mediated pulmonary fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Simonian
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Roark
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diaz del Valle
authors.forename: Brent E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Ivor S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikuta
authors.forename: Willi K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Fontenot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000276:immunology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D016827:CD8 Antigens; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta