title: Introducing Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccine to primary school children in North Jakarta, Indonesia, via an existent school-based vaccination platform.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report results on coverage, safety and logistics of a large-scale, school-based Vi polysaccharide immunization campaign in North Jakarta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 443 primary schools in North Jakarta, Indonesia, 18 public schools were randomly selected for this study. Exclusion criteria were fever 37.5 degrees C or higher at the time of vaccination or a known history of hypersensitivity to any vaccine. Adverse events were monitored and recorded for 1 month after immunization. Because this was a pilot programme, resource use was tracked in detail.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the February 2004 vaccination campaign, 4828 students were immunized (91% of the target population); another 394 students (7%) were vaccinated during mop-up programmes. Informed consent was obtained for 98% of the target population. In all, 34 adverse events were reported, corresponding to seven events per 1000 doses injected; none was serious. The manufacturer recommended cold chain was maintained throughout the programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This demonstration project in two sub-districts of North Jakarta shows that a large-scale, school-based typhoid fever Vi polysaccharide vaccination campaign is logistically feasible, safe and minimally disruptive to regular school activities, when used in the context of an existing successful immunization platform. The project had high parental acceptance. Nonetheless, policy-relevant questions still need to be answered before implementing a widespread Vi polysaccharide vaccine programme in Indonesia.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta Indonesia, Ministry of Health, Jakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Agtini
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soeharno
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundoro
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hadinegoro
authors.forename: O P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tana
authors.forename: F X S
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.lastname: Delima
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lestari
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Sintawati
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kusumawardani
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nadjib
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soeroso
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wangsasaputra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivanoff
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwandono
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Acosta
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D032541:Mass Vaccination / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012034:Refrigeration; D012449:Safety; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000276:immunology*; D012572:School Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013334:Students; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000600:supply & distribution
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines