Feasibility of basic emergency medical technicians to perform selected advanced life support interventions.
OBJECTIVE
Emergency medical technician-basic (EMT-B) providers often provide the initial care to victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. While automated external defibrillators enable EMT-B providers to deliver rescue shocks, patients in cardiac arrest may require additional interventions that EMT-B providers may not presently deliver. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of training EMT-B providers to provide additional cardiac resuscitation procedures using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and intraosseous (IO) access.


METHODS
In this prospective observational study, we trained 18 EMT-B providers to use the LMA and IO drill (EZ-IO) in a three-hour educational session. Working in two-person teams, the rescuers performed a simulated ventricular fibrillation resuscitation. We evaluated placement success as well as elapsed time to placement of the LMA and EZ-IO.


RESULTS
EMT-B providers successfully placed the LMA in 14 of 18 scenarios (78%; 95% confidence interval, 52% to 94%), with a mean of two attempts for placement. Subjects successfully placed the EZ-IO in 17 of 18 scenarios (94%; 95% confidence interval, 73% to 100%), all on the first attempt. The median time to LMA placement following the third shock was 109 seconds (interquartile range, 58-158) and the median time to EZ-IO placement was 72 seconds (interquartile range, 50-93) after LMA placement.


CONCLUSIONS
EMT-B providers demonstrated moderate success in performing advanced-level cardiac resuscitation interventions. These observations suggest potential for expanding the role of basic-level rescuers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Guyette
Francis X
FX
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. guyettefx@upmc.edu
Rittenberger
Jon C
JC
Platt
Thomas
T
Suffoletto
Brian
B
Hostler
David
D
Wang
Henry E
HE
D000328:Adult; D000488:Allied Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011446:Prospective Studies