title: Autoimmune thyroid disease is associated with a diagnosis of secondary Sjögren's syndrome in familial systemic lupus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autoimmune thyroid disease is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). About 20% of patients with SLE have secondary Sjögren's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Families with more than one patient with SLE were identified. All patients met the revised classification criteria, although SLE-unaffected relatives were confirmed not to satisfy these criteria. Diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease and Sjögren's syndrome was made on the basis of a review of medical records, interview and questionnaire administered to patients with SLE, and by a questionnaire administered to SLE-unaffected subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 1138 patients with SLE, 169 had a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. Of these 50 (29.6%) patients also had autoimmune thyroid disease. Of the 939 patients with SLE with no diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome, 119 (12.7%) had autoimmune thyroid disease (chi2 = 20.1, p = 0.000009). There was no association of a diagnosis of hypertension with secondary Sjögren's syndrome (42% vss 47%). Among 2291 SLE-unaffected relatives, 44 had diagnosed primary Sjögren's syndrome and 16 (36.3%) of these also had autoimmune thyroid disease. 265 of 2247 (11.8%) subjects had autoimmune thyroid disease but no Sjögren's syndrome (chi2 = 24.2, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autoimmune thyroid disease is found in excess among patients with SLE with a diagnosis of secondary Sjögren's syndrome, as well as among their SLE-unaffected relatives with a diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. hal-scofield@omrf.ouhsc.edu
authors.forename: R Hal
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Scofield
authors.forename: Gail R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bruner
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Harley
authors.forename: Bahram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Namjou
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics