title: Saving energy and reducing emissions of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulate matter by adding bio-solution to emulsified diesel.
abstract: Development of emulsified diesel has been driven by the need to reduce emissions from diesel engines and to save energy. Emulsification technology and bio-solution (NOE-7F) were used to produce emulsified diesel in this study. The experimental results indicated that there were no significant separation layers in W13 (13 wt % water + 87 wt % PDF), W16 (16 wt % water + 84 wt % PDF), W19 (19 wt % water + 81 wt % PDF), E13 (13 wt % NOE-7F water + 87 wt % PDF), E16 (16 wt % NOE-7F water + 83 wt % PDF), and E19 (19 wt % NOE-7F water + 81 wt % PDF) after premium diesel fuel (PDF) was emulsified for more than 30 days. In addition, there was no significant increase in damage from using these six emulsified fuels after the operation of the diesel generator for more than one year. The energy saving and reduction of particulate matter (PM) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for W13, W16, W19, E13, E16 and E19, respectively, were 3.90%, 30.9%, 27.6%; 3.38%, 37.0%, 34.9%; 2.17%, 22.2%, 15.4%; 5.87%, 38.6%, 49.3%; 5.88%, 57.8%, 58.0%; and 4.75%, 31.1%, 47.3%, compared with PDF. The above results revealed that the bio-solution (NOE-7F) had a catalytic effect which elevated the combustion efficiency and decreased pollutant emissions during the combustion process. Furthermore, bio-solution (NOE-7F) can stabilize the emulsified fuels and enhance energy saving. Thus, emulsified fuels are highly suitable for use as alternative fuels. Due to the increasing price of diesel, emulsified diesel containing NOE-7F has potential for commercial application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Jhy
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chun-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chung-Bang
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D004655:Emulsions; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D001335:Vehicle Emissions