title: Sulfur (S)-induced enhancement of iron plaque formation in the rhizosphere reduces arsenic accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings.
abstract: The effects of two sulfur (S) sources (SO(4)(2-), S(0)), and three rates of S application (0, 30, 120 mgS/kg) on the formation of iron plaque in the rhizosphere, and on the root surface of rice, and As (arsenic) uptake into rice (Oryza sativa L.) were studied in a combined soil-sand culture experiment. Significant differences in As uptake into rice between +S and -S treatments were observed in relation to S sources, and rates of S application. Concentrations of As in rice shoots decreased with increasing rates of S application. The mechanism could be ascribed to sulfur, induced the formation of iron plaque, since concentrations of Fe in iron plaque on quartz sands in the rhizosphere, and on the root surface of rice increased with increasing rates of S application. The results suggest that sulfur fertilization may be important for the development approaches to reducing As accumulation in rice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. zhyhu@issas.ac.cn
authors.forename: Zheng-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yong-Guan
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Gan
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: F Andrew
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D001149:Arsenates / Q000032:analysis; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D012275:Oryza / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism; D011791:Quartz / Q000737:chemistry; D036226:Seedlings / Q000378:metabolism; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001149:Arsenates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013431:Sulfates; D011791:Quartz; D008345:Manganese; D013455:Sulfur; D007501:Iron; D001151:Arsenic