title: Command and control in emergency services operations: a social network analysis.
abstract: There is increasing interest in the use of social network analysis as a tool to study the performance of teams and organizations. In this paper, processes of command and control in the emergency services are explored from the perspective of social network theory. We report a set of network analyses (comprising visualization, a selection of mathematical metrics, and a discussion of procedures) based on the observation of six emergency service incidents: three fire service operations involving the treatment of hazardous chemicals, and three police operations involving immediate response to emergency calls. The findings are discussed in terms of our attempts to categorize the network structures against a set of extant command and control network archetypes and the relationship between those structures; comments on the qualities the networks display are put into the contexts of the incidents reported. We suggest that social network analysis may have a valuable part to play in the general study of command and control.
authors.affiliation: Human Factors Integration Defence Technology Centre, Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Birmingham, UK. R.J.Houghton@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baber
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McMaster
authors.forename: Neville A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005390:Fires; D006801:Humans; D019451:Information Management; D008331:Management Information Systems; D016495:Police; D012944:Social Support; D006113:United Kingdom