title: 'Informal' learning to support breastfeeding: local problems and opportunities.
abstract: This study explored 'informal' learning opportunities in three health economies, both for National Health Service (NHS) staff and lay people wishing to promote and support breastfeeding and for new mothers wishing to breastfeed. The word 'informal' indicates local learning opportunities that are not part of recognized academic or professional training courses. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 31 key informants, including health visitors, midwives, infant feeding advisers, Sure Start personnel, voluntary organization representatives, Strategic Health Authority representatives, senior nurses and trainers. The results were analysed thematically. In each site, there were regular training events for NHS staff to acquire or update knowledge and skills. Training was provided by a small number of enthusiasts. Midwives and health visitors were the groups who attend most frequently, although many find it difficult to make time. Although many training events were multidisciplinary, few doctors appeared to attend. Individual staff also used additional learning opportunities, e.g. other courses, conferences, web-based learning, and training by voluntary organizations. Services offered to lay people by the NHS, Sure Start and voluntary organizations included parentcraft, antenatal and post-natal classes, breastfeeding support groups, 'baby cafés' and telephone counselling. Interviewees' organizations did not have a specific breastfeeding strategy, although action groups were trying to take the agenda forward. Local opportunities were over-dependent on individual champions working in relative isolation, and support is needed from local health economies for the facilitation of coordination and networking.
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Primary Care Unit, St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University Institute of Health Sciences, 20, Bartholomew Close, London, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Renfrew
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McFadden
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D004496:Education, Continuing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D020377:Self Efficacy; D006113:United Kingdom