title: Reduction and redistribution of gap and adherens junction proteins after ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have demonstrated that alterations in myocardial structure, consistent with tissue and sarcomere disruption as well as myofibril dissociation, occur after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. In this study we determine the onset of these structural changes and their contribution to electrical conduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts (n = 47) were subjected to 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes global ischemia, followed by 120 minutes reperfusion. Hemodynamics were recorded and tissue samples were collected for histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Orthogonal epicardial conduction velocities were measured, with temperature controlled, in a separate group of 10 hearts subjected to 0 or 30 minutes of global ischemia, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histochemical and quantitative light microscopy spatial analysis showed significantly increased longitudinal and transverse interfibrillar separation after 15 minutes or more of ischemia (p < 0.05 versus control). Confocal immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis demonstrated significant reductions (p < .05 versus control) of the intercellular adherens junction protein, N-cadherin, and the active phosphorylated isoform of the principal gap junction protein, connexin 43 at more than 15 minutes of ischemia. Cellular redistribution of connexin 43 was also evidenced on immunohistochemistry. No change in integrin-beta1, an extracellular matrix attachment protein, or in epicardial conduction velocity anisotropy was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that there are significant alterations in the structural integrity of the myocardium as well as gap and adherens junction protein expression with increasing global ischemia time. The changes occur coincident with previously observed significant decreases in postischemic functional recovery, but are not associated with altered expression of matrix binding proteins or electrical anisotropic conduction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Tansey
authors.forename: Kevin F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kwaku
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Micheline
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federman
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levitsky
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McCully
mesh_terms: D022005:Adherens Junctions / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011506:Proteins; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D011506:Proteins