Sentinel and nonsentinel node status in stage IB and II melanoma patients: two-step prognostic indicators of survival.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prognostic significance of sentinel node biopsy in the management of stage IB and II melanoma patients, and to evaluate the status of nonsentinel nodes as a "second step key factor" to assess the prognosis of these patients.


METHODS
We conducted an analysis of data collected in a prospective database.


RESULTS
From February 1994 to June 2005, 1,108 consecutive patients with stage IB and II melanoma were submitted to sentinel node biopsy; 176 patients (15.9%) had occult node metastases. The frequency of positive nodes increased with increasing Breslow's thickness. The largest diameter of metastatic foci and their localization within the lymph node were associated with the risk of nonsentinel node metastases only. The 5-year survival of patients with positive sentinel nodes was 81.4% in patients with one positive node and 39.6% in patients with two positive nodes (P = .056). Multivariate analysis indicated that status of sentinel nodes is a key factor and that sex and Breslow's thickness maintain statistically significant relevance. Ulceration, which was associated with survival when considered as single factor (P < .001) had no impact on survival in the multivariate analysis (P = .10). To evaluate the relevance of metastases to nonsentinel nodes, we identified four groups of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Evaluation of the sentinel node is a useful procedure to identify patients to be submitted for complete lymph node dissection. The procedure makes it possible to assess the best prognosis of patients.
Cascinelli
Natale
N
Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. direzionescientifica@istitutotumori.mi.it
Bombardieri
Emilio
E
Bufalino
Rosaria
R
Camerini
Tiziana
T
Carbone
Antonino
A
Clemente
Claudio
C
Lenisa
Leonardo
L
Mascheroni
Luigi
L
Maurichi
Andrea
A
Pennacchioli
Elisabetta
E
Patuzzo
Roberto
R
Santinami
Mario
M
Tragni
Gabrina
G
D000328:Adult; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis