title: Development and application of long-term sublethal whole sediment tests with Arenicola marina and Corophium volutator using Ivermectin as the test compound.
abstract: Short-term whole sediment tests using the amphipod Corophium volutator and the polychaete Arenicola marina are now routinely used in Europe to assess the acute toxicity of marine sediments. However, there is still a need to develop longer-term assays which measure effects on sublethal endpoints that are more relevant to predicting impacts at the population level. The effect of increasing exposure times and measuring additional endpoints such as growth, on the sensitivity of these assays was investigated. The test compound used was the chemotherapeutant Ivermectin (IVM), used in aquaculture to treat sea lice infestations. IVM was found to be acutely toxic to both test organisms. Extending the lugworm test to 100 days increased sensitivity of survival by a factor of three; a significant reduction in casting rate was observed at concentrations an order of magnitude lower. This assay shows potential for detecting the sublethal effects of low concentrations of sediment contaminants. Increasing the exposure time did not seem to affect the sensitivity of the amphipod, but further method development is required.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Burnham Laboratory, Remembrance Avenue, Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex, CM0 8HA, UK. yvonne.allen@cefas.co.uk <yvonne.allen@cefas.co.uk>
authors.forename: Yvonne T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Thain
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haworth
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D017753:Ecosystem; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000633:toxicity; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012107:Research Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007559:Ivermectin