title: Quantifying the effect of antiplatelet therapy: a comparison of the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) and modified thromboelastography (mTEG) with light transmission platelet aggregometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is known to confer protection against ischemic events. Increasing numbers of patients are presenting for surgery while taking these drugs. This may lead to an increase in perioperative blood loss, particularly in those who have a heightened response to the drugs. Identifying these patients preoperatively would allow us to plan appropriate management.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antiplatelet effect of aspirin and/or clopidogrel was measured using two point-of-care monitors: the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100; Dade, Miami, FL) and the modified thromboelastograph (mTEG; Haemoscope Corp., Niles, IL). This was compared with optical light transmission aggregometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All people taking aspirin displayed a definitive aspirin effect on aggregometry (n = 20). Ninety percent of these were identified by modified thromboelastography (n = 18). Seventy percent were identified by the platelet function analyzer (n = 14). Fifty percent of people taking clopidogrel displayed a definitive response to the drug on aggregometry. Seventy percent of these were identified on modified thromboelastography (n = 7). None were identified by the platelet function analyzer. There was good agreement between the results of the aggregometry and modified thromboelastography in clopidogrel patients (kappa = 0.81).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The search for a point-of-care monitor of platelet function has been the focus of much research. This study has shown that the modified thromboelastograph can be used for monitoring the effect of clopidogrel as well as aspirin. It potentially has a wide scope to be used for the monitoring of effectiveness of therapy as well as a possible predictor of perioperative bleeding.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coakley
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coakely
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D013916:Thrombelastography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin