title: Bim and Bad mediate imatinib-induced killing of Bcr/Abl+ leukemic cells, and resistance due to their loss is overcome by a BH3 mimetic.
abstract: Cell killing is a critical pharmacological activity of imatinib to eradicate Bcr/Abl+ leukemias. We found that imatinib kills Bcr/Abl+ leukemic cells by triggering the Bcl-2-regulated apoptotic pathway. Imatinib activated several proapoptotic BH3-only proteins: bim and bmf transcription was increased, and both Bim and Bad were activated posttranslationally. Studies using RNAi and cells from gene-targeted mice revealed that Bim plays a major role in imatinib-induced apoptosis of Bcr/Abl+ leukemic cells and that the combined loss of Bim and Bad abrogates this killing. Loss of Bmf or Puma had no effect. Resistance to imatinib caused by Bcl-2 overexpression or loss of Bim (plus Bad) could be overcome by cotreatment with the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. These results demonstrate that Bim and Bad account for most, perhaps all, imatinib-induced killing of Bcr/Abl+ leukemic cells and suggest previously undescribed drug combination strategies for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Hamsa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Puthalakath
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cragg
authors.forename: Priscilla N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bouillet
authors.forename: David C S
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Oliver G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Ottmann
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Druker
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villunger
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strasser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D001549:Benzamides; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005333:Fetus / Q000166:cytology; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D023461:Myeloid Progenitor Cells / Q000166:cytology; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C501332:ABT-737; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; C000606776:Bcl2l11 protein, mouse; D001549:Benzamides; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009596:Nitrophenols; D010879:Piperazines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl