title: Nasal and paranasal sinus endoscopy, computed tomography and microbiology of upper airways and the correlations with genotype and severity of cystic fibrosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many studies have assessed clinical and functional aspects of lower airway affections in cystic fibrosis. Conversely, few studies have been performed to assess the clinical and functional affections of upper airways. The objective of the present study was to correlate the variables obtained by nasal and paranasal sinuses endoscopy, paranasal sinus laboratory and computed tomography (CT) scan findings, and to check the association with severity and genotype of cystic fibrosis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory study of 50 patients with cystic fibrosis at a university center. All patients were submitted to CT scan, nasal and paranasal endoscopy and bacterioscopy of maxillary sinus, trachea and oropharynx secretion. Severity of cystic fibrosis was assessed by Shwachman score and the most frequent genetic mutations were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of polyposis in the studied population was 36% and it was greater among homozygote for DeltaF 508. Shwachman score was correlated with age (p=0.003). The genotype was correlated with presence of nasal polyposis (p=0.006). There was no association between affections in CT scan and severity of cystic fibrosis (CF). Patients presented high prevalence of early colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sinus disease in CF patients presents several clinical, endoscopic and tomographic affections. Although most of them are not correlated with severity and disease genotype, severity of CF is correlated with age and presence of polyposis is genotype-dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Campinas State University, SP, Brazil. eulalia.s@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Eulalia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakano
authors.forename: Antonio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Condino Neto
authors.forename: José D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics*; D004724:Endoscopy; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000235:genetics; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014132:Trachea / Q000382:microbiology*