title: Mild cognitive impairment in early life and mental health problems in adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the extent to which borderline mental retardation and mental retardation at preschool ages are related to emotional and behavioral problems in young adulthood. We also explored early risk factors for having mental health problems as a young adult that might be related to preschool differences in cognitive ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from a cohort of births studied in the Johns Hopkins Collaborative Perinatal Study and followed up in the Pathways to Adulthood Study. Preschool cognitive functioning was assessed at 4 years of age. Individual characteristics, psychosocial factors, and mental problems were prospectively evaluated from birth through young adulthood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children with subaverage cognitive abilities were more likely to develop mental health problems than their counterparts with IQs above 80. Inadequate family interactions were shown to increase 2- to 4-fold the risk of emotional or behavioral problems among children with borderline mental retardation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subaverage cognitive functioning in early life increases later risk of mental health problems. Future research may help to delineate possible impediments faced at different developmental stages and guide changes in supportive services to better address the needs of children with borderline mental retardation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chuan-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lawlor
authors.forename: Anne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: Janet B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Eaton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008603:Mental Health; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors