title: Histopathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma of pedunculated or semipedunculated type.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the histopathological risk factors for lymph node metastasis in cases of pedunculated or semipedunculated submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma (SICC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 patients with non-sessile SICC who underwent systematic lymph node dissection were included. Tumour size, histological grade, angiolymphatic invasion, tumour budding, dedifferentiation, objective submucosal invasion depth from the identified muscularis mucosa, relative invasion depth of the submucosal layer, and depth of stalk invasion were investigated histopathologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lymph node metastasis was observed in seven cases (14.6%). Univariate analysis showed angiolymphatic invasion and tumour budding to be significantly associated with lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that tumour budding was the only independent factor associated with lymph node metastasis in cases of non-sessile SICC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that tumour budding is a useful risk factor for predicting lymph node metastasis in cases of pedunculated or semipedunculated SICC.
authors.affiliation: Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Hee Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyung Su
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chang Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kyung Hae
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Dae Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seok-Byung
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hyo Seong
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors