title: The Drinking-Induced Disinhibition Scale (DIDS): a measure of three types of disinhibiting effects.
abstract: Links between trait disinhibition and high-risk drinking are well established. It is also known that alcohol has disinhibiting effects. Nonetheless, there is no measure in the literature devoted exclusively to assessing disinhibiting effects of alcohol. The multidimensional Drinking-Induced Disinhibition Scale (DIDS) was developed as part of Study I, a prospective survey conducted with undergraduates (N=337). Study II, a cross-sectional survey (N=260), allowed for a confirmatory factor analysis and further validation of the measure through comparisons with an expectancies scale. The nine-item DIDS is comprised of three subscales assessing euphoric/social, dysphoric and sexual disinhibition. All three subscales had good internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity were established in both studies. The subscales had different associations with high-risk drinking: sexual disinhibition predicted heavy episodic drinking; dysphoric disinhibition predicted alcohol-related problems and euphoric/social had associations with both. A cluster analysis revealed four distinct disinhibition profiles (i.e., low effect drinker; high euphoric/social only; high euphoric social and dysphoric; high euphoric/social and sexual), which predicted likelihood of high-risk drinking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 3720 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. robert.leeman@yale.edu
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Leeman
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Toll
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Volpicelli
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol