title: Salivary LL-37 secretion in individuals with Down syndrome is normal.
abstract: Antimicrobial peptides play an important role in the innate immune response. Deficiency in salivary LL-37 antimicrobial peptide has been implicated in periodontitis in patients with morbus Kostman syndrome. Down syndrome is associated with periodontitis, diminished salivary flow, and salivary immunoglobulin deficiency. In the present study, levels of LL-37 and its hCAP18 precursor were measured in saliva samples from young individuals with Down syndrome and compared with levels in those from age-matched healthy controls. LL-37 and human cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (hCAP18) were detected in whole but not in parotid saliva. hCAP18 was more abundant than LL-37. The concentrations of salivary hCAP18 and LL-37 were found to be higher in individuals with Down syndrome than in healthy controls, but their secretion rates were similar. We concluded that, while the adaptive immunity of individuals with Down syndrome is impaired at the oral mucosa, the secretion rate of the LL-37 component of the innate immune system is normal.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dental Sciences, the Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine, POB 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. bgilad@md.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bachrach
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaushu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zigmond
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yefenof
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stabholz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Merrick
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaushu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D054804:Cathelicidins
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D054804:Cathelicidins