title: Effect of storage, processing and cooking on glucosinolate content of Brassica vegetables.
abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of Brassica vegetables decrease the risk of cancer. These associations are linked to dietary intake of glucosinolates and their metabolism to cancer preventive isothiocyanates. Bioavailability of glucosinolates and related isothiocyanates are influenced by storage and culinary processing of Brassica vegetables. In this work, the content of the 7 major glucosinolates in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and green cabbage and their stability under different storage and cooking conditions is examined. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates were quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS). Isothiocyanates were detected with high sensitivity as the corresponding thiourea derivatives. Storage at ambient temperature and in a domestic refrigerator showed no significant difference and a minor loss (9-26%) of glucosinolate levels over 7 days. Vegetables shredded finely showed a marked decline of glucosinolate level with post-shredding dwell time - up to 75% over 6h. Glucosinolate losses were detected partly as isothiocyanates. Cooking by steaming, microwaving and stir-fry did not produce significant loss of glucosinolates whereas boiling showed significant losses by leaching into cooking water. Most of the loss of the glucosinolates (approximately 90%) was detected in the cooking water. Increased bioavailability of dietary isothiocyanates may be achieved by avoiding boiling of vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lijiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Thornalley
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000032:analysis; D001682:Biological Availability; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000032:analysis*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D005961:Glucosinolates; D017879:Isothiocyanates