title: Histone deacetylase activities are required for innate immune cell control of Th1 but not Th2 effector cell function.
abstract: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a critical role in regulating gene expression and key biological processes. However, how HDACs are involved in innate immunity is little understood. Here, in this first systematic investigation of the role of HDACs in immunity, we show that HDAC inhibition by a small-molecule HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), LAQ824, alters Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent activation and function of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Surprisingly, pan-HDAC inhibition modulates only a limited set of genes involved in distinct arms of immune responses. Specifically, it inhibited DC-controlled T helper 1 (Th1) effector but not Th2 effector cell activation and migration. It also inhibited macrophage- and DC-mediated monocyte but not neutrophil chemotaxis. These unexpected findings demonstrate the high specificity of HDAC inhibition in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses, and highlight the potential for HDACi to alter the Th1 and Th2 balance in therapeutic settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental & Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brogdon
authors.forename: Yongyao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Susanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Shaojian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buxton
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; C477361:LAQ824; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D006655:Histone Deacetylases