title: Efficacy of hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning in adult beagle dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning was compared with that of saline vehicle in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized adult beagle dogs were administered potassium cyanide (0.4 mg/kg/min, IV) until 3 min after the onset of apnea. Hydroxocobalamin (75 mg/kg [n = 19] or 150 mg/kg [n = 18], IV) or saline vehicle [n = 17] was then infused over 7.5 min while animals were ventilated with 100% oxygen, which was stopped after 15 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vehicle-treated animals cyanide produced deterioration that culminated in a moribund state requiring euthanasia within 4 h in 10 of 17 animals and in neurological deficits necessitating euthanasia within 2-4 d in an additional 4 animals (mortality rate 82%). Survival through 14 d was observed in 15 of 19 animals administered hydroxocobalamin 75 mg/kg (mortality rate 21%), and 18 of 18 administered hydroxocobalamin 150 mg/kg (mortality rate 0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydroxocobalamin reversed cyanide toxicity and reduced mortality in a canine model.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA. borron@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Borron
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stonerook
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006879:Hydroxocobalamin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011041:Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011190:Potassium Cyanide; D006879:Hydroxocobalamin