title: Community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococccus aureus as the cause of healthcare-associated infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients with community-associated infection have been described as strains genetically distinct from the strains isolated from patients with healthcare-associated infection. This study examines the hypothesis that community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains now cause serious infections in hospitalized patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven clinical MRSA isolates were randomly selected from blood isolates obtained from July 2003 through June 2004. Strains were tested for staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type, and presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Medical records review and epidemiologic classification was performed by an investigator blinded to the results of the bacterial strain analysis. Episodes of bloodstream infection were independently classified as either community-associated or healthcare-associated infections, and bacterial isolates were independently classified as either CA-MRSA strains or healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) strains, according to established definitions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary care Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four (65%) of 37 MRSA isolates were SCCmec type IV, a genetic type characteristic of CA-MRSA strains; 22 of these 24 isolates belonged to the CA-MRSA clone USA300 and carried PVL genes. Thirteen (35%) of the 37 strains were SCCmec type II, of which 12 were USA100-ST5 and 12 lacked PVL genes. Thirty patients (81%) had healthcare-associated infections; 18 (60%) of these 30 were infected with isolates carrying markers of CA-MRSA strains. Of 7 patients with CA-MRSA infections, 6 were infected with isolates belonging to the USA300 clone. Patients with healthcare-associated bloodstream infections were as likely to be infected with a CA-MRSA strain as patients with a community-associated infection (P = .38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRSA strains with molecular characteristics of CA-MRSA strains have emerged as an important cause of serious healthcare-associated infection in our hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Blanca E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Adriana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rueda
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shelburne
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Musher
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hamill
authors.forename: Kristina G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Hulten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D018805:Sepsis / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin