title: Citrus juice modulates antioxidant enzymes and lipid profiles in orchidectomized rats.
abstract: Oxidative stress and hypogonadism are two factors linked to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in males. Eating fruits and vegetables is known to reduce the incidences of oxidative stress. The objective of this research was to delineate whether drinking daily squeezed orange juice (OJ) or grapefruit juice (GJ) modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes while impacting cardiovascular risk factors in hypogonad male rats. In the present study, 36 1-year-old male rats were equally divided among the following four treatments: sham (control), orchidectomized (ORX), ORX + OJ, and ORX + GJ. After 60 days of drinking OJ or GJ, antioxidant capacity, cholesterol, and triglycerides in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), cholesterol, and triglycerides in liver were evaluated. Serum antioxidant capacity and SOD and CAT activities decreased (P < .05), while serum cholesterol and liver triglycerides increased (P < .05) in the ORX group compared with the sham group. In contrast to the ORX group, drinking OJ was ineffective while drinking GJ decreased (P < .05) cholesterol concentration in liver and in serum. Nevertheless, OJ and GJ decreased (P < .05) triglyceride concentration in liver and increased (P < .05) serum antioxidant capacity and SOD and CAT activities compared with the ORX group. In conclusion, drinking OJ or GJ prevented oxidative stress by enhancing total antioxidant capacity and elevating liver antioxidant enzymes while modulating cardiovascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA. Farzad.Deyhim@tamuk.edu
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deyhim
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Bhimanagouda S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Patil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001628:Beverages; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D032083:Citrus paradisi / Q000737:chemistry; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase