title: Consequences of bottle-feeding to the oral facial development of initially breastfed children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and assess the possible consequences of bottle-feeding on the oral facial development of children who were breastfed up to at least six months of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and two children (4 years of age) enrolled in an early health attention program participated in the study. The sample was divided into two groups: G1 (children who used only a cup to drink) and G2 (those who used a bottle).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lip closure was observed in 82% of the children in G1 and in 65% of those in G2 (p = 0.0065). The tongue coming to rest in the maxillary arch was found in 73% of the children in G1 and in 47% of those in G2 (p = 0.0001). Nasal breathing was observed in 69% of G1 and in 37% of G2 (p = 0.0001). The maxilla was shown to be normal in 90% of G1 and in 78% of G2 (p = 0.0206).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the bottle, even among breastfed children interferes negatively with oral facial development.
authors.affiliation: Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil. carrascoza@fop.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Karina Camillo
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carrascoza
authors.forename: Rosana de Fátima
authors.initials: Rde F
authors.lastname: Possobon
authors.forename: Laura Mendes
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Antônio Bento Alves de
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Moraes
mesh_terms: D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000209:etiology; D014061:Tongue Habits