title: Why are children still being infected with HIV? Experiences in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in south London.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV at a large teaching hospital in South East London, and to assess reasons for the small numbers of transmissions that continue to occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database of all pregnant women diagnosed as HIV positive between 1993 and 2005 was reviewed, with detailed (retrospective) case-note review of all mother-infant pairs where HIV transmission occurred.
  
  
  METHODS
  King's College Hospital, London, UK, a teaching hospital serving an ethnically diverse and socially deprived population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  296 pregnancies to 274 women were recorded. 9 of 296 (3.0%) women were lost to follow-up before the end of the pregnancy. Of 287 pregnancies followed up until after delivery, 6 (2.1%) resulted in HIV infection in the infant. More recently, between 2000 and 2004, this transmission rate was even lower, at 3 in 231 (1.3%). Each of these six women had complications, including late presentation to services and defaulting follow-up appointments, which were likely to increase the risk of HIV transmission. Four of the six transmissions occurred in utero.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall transmission rate of 2% attests to the efforts of the multidisciplinary care team in managing this population which is often hard to reach. Clearly, good systems are needed to trace those women who default. Further data are needed regarding in utero transmissions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexual Health, Caldecot Clinic, King's College Hospital, Caldecot Road, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK. candice.mcdonald@kingsch.nhs.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nayagam
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Welz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poulton
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aleksin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D015498:HIV-2; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008131:London; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents