title: Antiangiogenic activity of 4'-thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine.
abstract: 4'-Thio-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (T-araC), a new-generation deoxycytidine nucleoside analogue, showed significant efficacy against numerous solid tumors in preclinical studies and entered clinical development for cancer therapy. It is a structural analogue of cytarabine (araC), a clinically used drug in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, which has no or very limited efficacy against solid tumors. In comparison with araC, the excellent in vivo activity of T-araC against solid tumors suggests that, in addition to inhibition of DNA synthesis, T-araC may target cellular signaling pathways, such as angiogenesis, in solid tumors. We studied T-araC and araC for their antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo. Both compounds inhibited human endothelial cell proliferation with similar IC50s. However, only T-araC inhibited endothelial cell migration and differentiation into capillary tubules. T-araC also abrogated endothelial cell extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation, a key signaling molecule involved in cellular processes of angiogenesis. Results from chick chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assays revealed that T-araC significantly inhibited the development of new blood vessels in vivo, whereas araC showed much less effect. The findings of this study show a role of T-araC in antiangiogenesis and suggest that T-araC combines antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity in one molecule for a dual mechanism of drug action to achieve the excellent in vivo efficacy against several solid tumors. This study also provides important information for optimizing dosage and sequence of T-araC administration in clinical investigations by considering T-araC as both an antiproliferative and an antiangiogenic agent.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA.
authors.forename: Anshu M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Kamal N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Secrist
authors.forename: Rongbao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhican
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001087:Arabinonucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D001087:Arabinonucleosides; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; C411255:4'-thio-arabinofuranosylcytosine