title: Sleep impairment in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated sleep impairment associated with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a neuropathic pain condition. Sleep is of critical concern for DPN because sleep impairment and its comorbidities may influence type 2 diabetes progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a supplemental analysis of sleep data from a burden of illness study of patients with painful DPN (N=255, 61+/-12.8 y old, 51.4% women). Sleep was evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep measure (MOS-Sleep). MOS-Sleep scores were compared with general population norms (N=1011), the MOS chronic disease sample (N=3445), and patients with postherpetic neuralgia (N=89). The MOS-Sleep Sleep Adequacy score was compared with data from the MOS diabetes subsample (N=590).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with painful DPN reported impaired sleep relative to the general population (P<0.001), the chronic disease sample (P<0.001), and postherpetic neuralgia patients (P<0.05). Self-rated MOS-Sleep Sleep Adequacy was significantly less for the painful DPN than for the diabetes sample (P<0.001), although self-reported hours of sleep were not significantly different. Multiple regression indicated that age, average daily pain, and anxiety and depression symptom levels were each significantly (P<0.01) associated with, and collectively accounted for, 47% of variance in the MOS-Sleep Sleep Problems Index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Painful DPN is associated with considerable sleep impairment. Given the recognized association between sleep impairment, type 2 diabetes and metabolic and affective disturbance, and the known adverse impact of affective disturbance on diabetes self-care, addressing these features-pain, sleep, and affective disturbance-is an important aspect of care for patients with painful DPN.
authors.affiliation: California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, One Beach Street, San Francisco, CA 94133-122, USA.
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Zelman
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Brandenburg
authors.forename: Mugdha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology