title: Elevated serum acylated (biologically active) ghrelin and resistin levels associate with pregnancy-induced weight gain and insulin resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study fasting biologically active serum ghrelin (RIA) and resistin (ELISA) levels in different trimesters of pregnancy (HP, n=45, 15 in each) and in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, n=30) compared to non-pregnant healthy women (NP, n=40) in correlation with TNF-alpha, soluble (s)TNF-receptor (R)-1, -2, leptin (ELISA), C-peptide (Cp, RIA) and Cp/blood glucose ratio (bg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional case control study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acylated ghrelin levels were significantly increased (p<0.0001) in the 2nd (377+/-38pg/ml, X+/-S.D.) and decreased in the 3rd trimester (252+/-36) and in GDM (226+/-21) compared to NP controls (309+/-20) and HP women in the 1st trimester (314+/-41). Serum resistin levels were higher in the 1st (8.5+/-2.6ng/ml), 2nd (10.2+/-2.1) and 3rd (13.1+/-3.6) trimesters of pregnancy and in GDM (15.7+/-3.5) than in NP controls (6.5+/-2.3). Significant (p<0.01) negative linear correlations were found among fasting serum ghrelin and body mass index (BMI), the fasting C-peptide (Cp) level, C-peptide/blood glucose (Cp/bg) ratio, TNF-alpha, soluble (s)TNFR-2, leptin and resistin concentrations in both, HP and GDM groups. Significant positive correlations were observed between serum acylated ghrelin and adiponectin, and between BMI and fasting Cp, Cp/bg, TNF-alpha, sTNFR-1, -2 and leptin levels in both pregnant groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased fasting serum acylated ghrelin concentrations in the 2nd trimester may associate with weight gain during pregnancy. Hyperresistinemia may also be associated with the pregnancy-induced insulin resistance. A negative regulatory feed-back mechanism between resistin, TNF-alpha and ghrelin may be hypothesized.
authors.affiliation: 3rd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1125 Kútvölgyi u 4, Budapest, Hungary. palikeva@gmail.com
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palik
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baranyi
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Melczer
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Audikovszky
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szöcs
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Károly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cseh
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters / Q000097:blood*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D052243:Resistin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha