title: The RXR agonist bexarotene improves cholesterol homeostasis and inhibits atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of mixed dyslipidemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The activity of the antitumoral agent bexarotene (Targretin, Bexarotene) depends on its binding to the nuclear retinoid-X receptor (RXR) and subsequent transcriptional regulation of target genes. Through RXR activation, bexarotene may modulate numerous metabolic pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the effect of bexarotene on atherosclerosis progression in a dyslipidemic murine model, the human apolipoprotein E2 knockin mouse, that develops essentially macrophage-laden lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atherosclerotic lesions together with different metabolic pathways involved in atherosclerosis were investigated in mice treated or not with bexarotene. Bexarotene protects from atherosclerosis development in mice, at least in part by improving the circulating cholesterol distribution profile likely via a marked decrease of dietary cholesterol absorption caused by modulation of intestinal expression of genes recently identified as major players in this process, Niemann-Pick-C1-Like1 (NPC1L1) and CD13. This atheroprotection appears despite a strong hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, bexarotene treatment only modestly modulates inflammatory gene expression in the vascular wall, but markedly enhanced the capacity of macrophages to efflux cellular lipids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide evidence of a favorable pharmacological effect of bexarotene on atherosclerosis despite the induction of hypertriglyceridemia, likely via a beneficial action on intestinal absorption and macrophage efflux.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur de Lille, Département d'Athérosclérose, Lille, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lalloyer
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiévet
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lestavel
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torpier
authors.forename: Jelske
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Touche
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bultel
authors.forename: Saïd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yous
authors.forename: Folkert
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Réjane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paumelle
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fruchart
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Staels
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tailleux
mesh_terms: D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077610:Bexarotene; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000819:agonists*; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C487540:ABCG1 protein, mouse; D000070998:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D053329:Apolipoprotein E2; D008074:Lipoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C482445:Npc1l1 protein, mouse; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D000077610:Bexarotene; D018826:CD13 Antigens