title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation and safety profile of a 15-minute versus 30-second infusion of palonosetron in healthy subjects.
abstract: Palonosetron is a potent, selective 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist effective in the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In practice, 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists, including palonosetron, are often coadministered with dexamethasone over approximately 15 minutes, although the approval of palonosetron was based on administration as a 30-second infusion. This open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover trial compared the pharmacokinetics and safety of palonosetron 0.25 mg administered as a 15-minute 50-mL intravenous infusion with a 30-second 5-mL infusion. Aside from an anticipated 40% decrease in maximum plasma concentration after a 15-minute infusion, the pharmacokinetics of palonosetron (including area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC], plasma elimination half-life, total body clearance, and apparent volume of distribution at steady state) were similar for both treatments. Both treatments were well tolerated, with no significant changes in vital signs or electrocardiograms. Palonosetron infused over 15 minutes is well tolerated, with an AUC(0-infinity) equivalent to a 30-second infusion.
authors.affiliation: MGI PHARMA, 5775 West Old Shakopee Road, Suite 100, Bloomington, MN 55437-3174, USA. ajit.shah@mgipharma.com
authors.forename: Ajit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: DeGroot
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apseloff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077924:Palonosetron; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007546:Isoquinolines; D011812:Quinuclidines; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D000077924:Palonosetron