title: The impact of CT image integration into an electroanatomic mapping system on clinical outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A detailed appreciation of left atrial/pulmonary vein (LA/PV) anatomy may be important in improving the safety and success of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this nonrandomized study was to determine the impact of computerized tomography (CT) image integration into a 3-dimensional (3D) mapping system on the clinical outcome of patients undergoing CA for AF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four patients (age: 56 +/- 10 years) with AF (paroxysmal 46, persistent 48) underwent wide encirclement of ipsilateral PV pairs using irrigated radiofrequency ablation with the endpoint of electrical isolation. Ablation was guided by 3D mapping alone (electroanatomic 24, noncontact 23) in 47 (3DM group) patients and by CT image integration (Cartomerge) in 47 (CT group). In persistent AF, a combination of linear ablation and targeted ablation of complex fractionated electrograms was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful PV electrical isolation did not differ between the two groups. A significant reduction in fluoroscopy times was demonstrated in the CT group (49 +/- 27 minutes vs 3DM group 62 +/- 26 minutes, P = 0.03). Arrhythmia recurrence was reduced in the CT group (32% vs 51% in the 3DM group, P < 0.01). In 30 symptomatic patients (12 CT and 18 3DM), repeat procedures for AF (13 in 3DM and 5 CT, P < or = 0.10) and AT (5 in 3DM and 7 CT, P = NS) were performed. Overall success on 7-day monitor off antiarrhythmic drugs was achieved in 60% in the 3DM group when compared with 83% in the CT group (P < 0.05) at a follow-up of 25 +/- 5 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA for AF guided by CT integration was associated with reduced fluoroscopy times, arrhythmia recurrence, and increased restoration of sinus rhythm. Improved visualization of complex LA geometries might improve the safety and success of CA for AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital and Queen Mary College, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kistler
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajappan
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jahngir
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Earley
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: Dhiraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Reginald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sporton
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schilling
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018511:Systems Integration; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome