title: Histological features of human papilloma virus 16 and its association with the development and progression of anal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the development of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the expression patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed typing of HPV-DNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and amplified the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) genes simultaneously, to investigate the tumor DNA state. The expression patterns of HPV in the cancer cell nuclei was investigated by in situ hybridization (ISH) using HPV probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amplification of DMD genes was confirmed in 8 of 20 patients with anal SCC, suggesting that tumor DNA was preserved in these patients. In seven of these eight patients, only HPV16 was detected by both PCR and ISH, suggesting HPV16-induced carcinogenesis. In two patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS), the cancer cells showed only a diffuse pattern (DP), and in two patients with invasive cancer, the cancer cell showed only an oligo-dot pattern (OP). In one patient with lesions ranging from CIS to invasive cancer, the histologic features varied in each area, from DP to OP. This change originated in the deep part of the microinvasive area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that HPV16 infection is closely involved in the development of anal SCC and suggest that the change in the genome occurs at the stage of microinvasive cancer.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Coloproctology, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuzaburo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furuta
mesh_terms: D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral