title: Cytoskeletal asymmetry in Zea mays subsidiary cell mother cells: a monopolar prophase microtubule half-spindle anchors the nucleus to its polar position.
abstract: Double labeling of microtubules and actin filaments revealed that in prophase subsidiary mother cells of Zea mays a monopolar prophase microtubule "half-spindle" is formed, which lines the nuclear hemisphere distal to the inducing guard mother cell. The nuclear hemisphere proximal to the guard mother cell is lined by an F-actin cap, consisting of a cortical F-actin patch and actin filaments originating from it. The microtubules of the "half-spindle" decline from the nuclear surface and terminate to the preprophase microtubule band. After disintegration of the latter, a bipolar metaphase spindle is organized. The polar F-actin cap persists during mitosis and early cytokinesis, extending to the chromosomes and the subsidiary cell daughter nucleus. In oryzalin treated subsidiary mother cells the prophase nuclei move away from the polar site. Cytochalasin B and latrunculin-B block the polar migration of subsidiary mother cell nuclei, but do not affect those already settled to the polar position. The prophase nuclei of latrunculin-B treated subsidiary mother cells are globally surrounded by microtubules, while the division plane of latrunculin-B treated subsidiary mother cells is misaligned. The prophase nuclei of brick 1 mutant Zea mays subsidiary mother cells without F-actin patch are also globally surrounded by microtubules. The presented data show that the prophase microtubule "half-spindle"-preprophase band complex anchors the subsidiary mother cell nucleus to the polar cell site, while the polar F-actin cap stabilizes the one metaphase spindle pole proximal to the inducing guard mother cell.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Panteris
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apostolakos
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galatis
mesh_terms: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011418:Prophase / Q000502:physiology*; D013424:Sulfanilamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D053778:Thiazolidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014908:Triticum / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D013424:Sulfanilamides; D053778:Thiazolidines; D003571:Cytochalasin B; C012465:oryzalin; C037068:latrunculin B