title: Ursodeoxycholic acid improves gastrointestinal motility defects in gallstone patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To simultaneously evaluate the presence of defects in gallbladder and gastric emptying, as well as in intestinal transit in gallstone patients (GS) and the effect of chronic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration on these parameters and on serum bile acids and clinical outcome in GS and controls (CTR).
  
  
  METHODS
  After a standard liquid test meal, gallbla-dder and gastric emptying (by ultrasound), oroileal transit time (OITT) (by an immunoenzymatic technique) and serum bile acids (by HPLC) were evaluated before and after 3 mo of UDCA (12 mg/kg bw/d) or placebo administration in 10 symptomatic GS and 10 matched healthy CTR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OITT was longer in GS than in CTR (P < 0.0001); UDCA significantly reduced OITT in GS (P < 0.0001), but not in CTR. GS had longer gastric half-emptying time (t(1/2)) than CTR (P < 0.0044) at baseline; after UDCA, t(1/2) significantly decreased (P < 0.006) in GS but not in CTR. Placebo administration had no effect on gastric emptying and intestinal transit in both GS and CTR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gallstone patient has simultaneous multiple impairments of gallbladder and gastric emptying, as well as of intestinal transit. UDCA administration restores these defects in GS, without any effect in CTR. These results confirm the pathogenetic role of gastrointestinal motility in gallstone disease and suggest an additional mechanism of action for UDCA in reducing bile cholesterol supersaturation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartmento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi Via Massarenti 9, Bologna 40138, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colecchia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzella
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azzaroli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magliuolo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simoni
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bacchi-Reggiani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roda
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Festi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D010919:Placebos; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid