title: Insulin action in adipose tissue and muscle in hypothyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although insulin resistance in thyroid hormone excess is well documented, information on insulin action in hypothyroidism is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate this, a meal was given to 11 hypothyroid (HO; aged 45 +/- 3 yr) and 10 euthyroid subjects (EU; aged 42 +/- 4 yr). Blood was withdrawn for 360 min from veins (V) draining the anterior abdominal sc adipose tissue and the forearm and from the radial artery (A). Blood flow (BF) in adipose tissue was measured with 133Xe and in forearm with strain-gauge plethysmography. Tissue glucose uptake was calculated as (A-V)glucose(BF), lipoprotein lipase as (A-V)Triglycerides(BF), and lipolysis as [(V-A)glycerol(BF)]-lipoprotein lipase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HO group had higher glucose and insulin levels than the EU group (P < 0.05). In HO vs. EU after meal ingestion (area under curve 0-360 min): 1) BF (1290 +/- 79 vs. 1579 +/- 106 ml per 100 ml tissue in forearm and 706 +/- 105 vs. 1340 +/- 144 ml per 100 ml tissue in adipose tissue) and glucose uptake (464 +/- 74 vs. 850 +/- 155 micromol per 100 ml tissue in forearm and 208 +/- 42 vs. 406 +/- 47 micromol per 100 ml tissue in adipose tissue) were decreased (P < 0.05), but fractional glucose uptake was similar (28 +/- 6 vs. 33 +/- 6% per minute in forearm and 17 +/- 4 vs. 14 +/- 3% per minute in adipose tissue); 2) suppression of lipolysis by insulin was similar; and 3) plasma triglycerides were elevated (489 +/- 91 vs. 264 +/- 36 nmol/liter.min, P < 0.05), whereas adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (42 +/- 11 vs. 80 +/- 21 micromol per 100 ml tissue) and triglyceride clearance (45 +/- 10 vs. 109 +/- 21 ml per 100 ml tissue) were decreased in HO (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hypothyroidism: 1) glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue is resistant to insulin; 2) suppression of lipolysis by insulin is not impaired; and 3) hypertriglyceridemia is due to decreased clearance by the adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, Athens University, Attikon University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, GR-12462 Haidari, Greece. gdimi@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dimitriadis
authors.forename: Panayota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitrou
authors.forename: Vaia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lambadiari
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boutati
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maratou
authors.forename: Demosthenes B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Efi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koukkou
authors.forename: Marinela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzanela
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thalassinos
authors.forename: Sotirios A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raptis
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D005947:Glucose