title: Effects of infant sex on mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 according to timing of infection in Zimbabwe.
abstract: We examined the relationship between sex and the risk of intrauterine, intrapartum and postnatal HIV transmission among 4495 infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Harare, Zimbabwe. Intrauterine transmission was 8.6%, and consistent with other studies was higher among girl than boy infants (AOR 1.53; 95% CI 1.23-1.91). Unlike previous studies, we observed no independent effect of infant sex on intrapartum or breastfeeding-associated HIV transmission. Sex-specific postnatal prevention strategies are not warranted in this population.
authors.affiliation: Academy for Educational Development, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Piwoz
authors.forename: Jean H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: Edmore T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Marinda
authors.forename: Kuda
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mutasa
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Moulton
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Iliff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D011645:Puerperal Infection; D012307:Risk Factors; D012723:Sex; D015030:Zimbabwe