title: Use of a biologically active cover to reduce landfill methane emissions and enhance methane oxidation.
abstract: Biologically-active landfill cover soils (biocovers) that serve to minimize CH4 emissions by optimizing CH4 oxidation were investigated at a landfill in Florida, USA. The biocover consisted of 50 cm pre-composted yard or garden waste placed over a 10-15 cm gas distribution layer (crushed glass) over a 40-100 cm interim cover. The biocover cells reduced CH4 emissions by a factor of 10 and doubled the percentage of CH4 oxidation relative to control cells. The thickness and moisture-holding capacity of the biocover resulted in increased retention times for transported CH4. This increased retention of CH4 in the biocover resulted in a higher fraction oxidized. Overall rates between the two covers were similar, about 2g CH4 m(-2)d(-1), but because CH4 entered the biocover from below at a slower rate relative to the soil cover, a higher percentage was oxidized. In part, methane oxidation controlled the net flux of CH4 to the atmosphere. The biocover cells became more effective than the control sites in oxidizing CH4 3 months after their initial placement: the mean percent oxidation for the biocover cells was 41% compared to 14% for the control cells (p<0.001). Following the initial 3 months, we also observed 29 (27%) negative CH4 fluxes and 27 (25%) zero fluxes in the biocover cells but only 6 (6%) negative fluxes and 22 (21%) zero fluxes for the control cells. Negative fluxes indicate uptake of atmospheric CH4. If the zero and negative fluxes are assumed to represent 100% oxidation, then the mean percent oxidation for the biocover and control cells, respectively, for the same period would increase to 64% and 30%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chanton
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abichou
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Powelson
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Escoriza
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogner
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D008697:Methane