title: Lack of formation of heterocyclic amines in fumes from frying French fries.
abstract: The formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) in the fumes from frying French fries in soybean oil or lard was studied. A high-pressure liquid chromatography method was used to determine the various HAs in fumes. Results showed that the yields of fumes produced from soybean oil when heated alone for 2 or 4 h were higher than from lard; however, a reversed trend was found when frying French fries in soybean oil and lard. Most fumes from soybean oil and lard while frying French fries were adsorbed onto the condensation apparatus, while the other portions were adsorbed onto the wool and glass beads, which were incorporated in our experimental design for collecting the fumes. The fumes from soybean oil when heated alone were found to contain three HAs, namely, 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (IQx), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline (IQ), and 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[4,3-b ]indole (Harman), whereas two more HAs, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b ]indole (Trp-P-1), were generated in lard. Lard was more susceptible to the formation of HAs than soybean oil when both were heated alone. No HAs were detected in the fumes from French fries fried in soybean oil and lard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: B Stephen
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Inbaraj
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013024:Soybean Oil; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002273:Carcinogens; D004041:Dietary Fats; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D013024:Soybean Oil; C029310:lard