title: Efficacy and safety of angiotensin II receptor blockade in elderly patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While national guidelines recommend ACE inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy in patients with diabetes and nephropathy, guidelines concerning elderly patients with diabetes have not endorsed these drugs. We sought to assess the nephroprotective efficacy and safety of ARB therapy in elderly patients by conducting age-specific subgroup analyses using data from the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1,513 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy who randomly received either losartan or placebo. We tested for effect modification by age of the effect of losartan on the incidence of the predefined end points (doubling of serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease [ESRD], or death) and the risk of adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,513 participants, 421 (27.8%) were aged >65 years (maximum age 74 years). Age did not modify the efficacy of losartan in reducing the risk of the primary outcome, a composite of doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, or death (P(interaction) = 0.66) or its individual components (all P(interaction) > 0.44). In patients aged >65 years, losartan reduced the risk of ESRD by 50% (95% CI 30-81, P = 0.005). We found no evidence that older patients were more likely to experience adverse events from losartan such as a rise in serum creatinine or hyperkalemia than younger patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly patients had the same level of benefits and risks as younger patients from treatment with losartan. Underuse of ACEI and ARB therapy in elderly patients because of the perceived lack of efficacy or a greater risk of adverse events appears unjustified.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1620 Tremont St., Suite 3030, Boston, MA 02120, USA. wwinkelmayer@partners.org
authors.forename: Wolfgang C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Winkelmayer
authors.forename: Zhongxin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahinfar
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Avorn
authors.forename: Barry M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000517:prevention & control; D019808:Losartan / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D019808:Losartan