Porcine blood cell concentrates for food products: hygiene, composition, and preservation.
The objective of this study was to determine whether porcine blood cell concentrates (BCC) can be produced and stored using hygienic measures independent of the temperature acting upon the substrate. A number of additives widely accepted by the consumer (NaCl, sugars, food-grade acids) were used to form so-called hurdles (water activity [a(w)], pH) to spoilage, and their impact was tested on microbiological and sensory parameters of the BCC. BCC, whole blood, plasma, and the anticoagulant were collected on 23 days in a slaughterhouse. The BCC with the additives were stored for 27 days at + 3 degrees C and at +20 degrees C. Microbiological and chemical tests were carried out on the raw materials, and a(w) and the pH values of the stored BCC combinations were determined; the combinations were also submitted to sensory testing. The amounts of protein (33.4%) and hemoglobin (29.5 g/dl) in the BCC were significantly higher than in whole blood (19.4%; 13.8 g/dl). The mean total aerobic plate count was similar in all three substrates. However, the highest count (4.83 log CFU/g) was found in BCC; the count was lower in whole blood (4.62 log CFU/g) and lowest in plasma (4.22 log CFU/g). Storability (defined as a count of <5 log CFU/g) for 27 days at +20 degrees C was achieved only with two additive types: 15% NaCl and 10% NaCl plus 10% glucose plus 1% of a food-grade acid. Spoilage of the BCC was inhibited by an a(w) of 0.824 (with 15% NaCl) and by the combination of a(w) 0.87 and a pH of 5 (with 10% NaCl, 10% sugar, 1% acid). Both substrates retained their red color and fresh odor over the entire storage time.
Nowak
Bernhard
B
Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany. Bernhard.Nowak@tiho-hannover.de
von Mueffling
Theda
T
D000003:Abattoirs / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006920:Hygiene; D013552:Swine; D013649:Taste; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005520:Food Preservatives; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014867:Water