title: Skill improvement during emergency response to terrorism training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the individual and team skills acquired from an interactive training program to prepare emergency personnel to respond to terrorist acts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a 16-hour, two-day, multimedia- and simulation-enhanced course that places learners in realistic situations using the equipment required to respond to various chemical, biologic, radiologic, and explosive acts of terrorism. Small-group sessions and drills were conducted. Errors in skill performance were corrected immediately, and then skills were repeated to achieve mastery. Participants included emergency medical technicians, paramedics, nurses, and physicians. Team performance was assessed over four successive scenarios using a 100-mm visual analog scale. Individual learner skill acquisition was assessed with precourse and postcourse evaluation of selected skills in a randomized sampling of consenting learners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly all teams achieved mastery of the required skills by the second assessment rotation. Individual learners demonstrated significant gains in the ability to emergently don personal protective equipment and administer a nerve agent antidote kit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An interactive, simulation-enhanced curriculum of terrorism response training for emergency responders can produce significant, quantifiable individual and team skill gain. Future studies should further address performance benchmarks for these newly acquired skills.
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA. jascott@miami.edu
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Geoffrey T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: S Barry
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Issenberg
authors.forename: Angel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Brotons
authors.forename: David Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: McGaghie
authors.forename: Emil R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Petrusa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002568:Certification; D003479:Curriculum; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods*; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D023481:Terrorism