title: Investigation of sample treatment steps for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ground coffee.
abstract: Sample treatment procedures were tested for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ground coffee. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), under different conditions, was combined with several cleanup methods, namely in situ purification, C18-silica solid-phase extraction (SPE), silica SPE, acid digestion, and alkaline saponification. Soxhlet extraction and direct alkaline saponification were also tested. Best results were obtained using PLE with hexane/acetone 50:50 (v/v) under 150 degrees C. Alkaline saponification followed by cyclohexane extraction and silica SPE was required to eliminate interferent compounds. Finally, 11 PAHs could be quantified in ground coffee with limits of detection in the range of 0.11-0.18 microg kg(-1). Application to ground Arabica coffee lots from Colombia revealed the presence of several PAHs, giving an overall toxicity equivalence in the range of 0.16-0.87 microg kg(-1). PAH identification was performed using both high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon, UMR 214 INA-PG/INRA, Ingénierie Analytique pour la Qualité des Aliments, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Justin Koffi
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Houessou
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delteil
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Camel
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons