title: Chondrogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cells in arginine-glycine-aspartate-modified hydrogels.
abstract: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have the potential to self-renew and generate multiple cell types, producing critical building blocks for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe the efficient derivation and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal-like cells from hESCs. These cells exhibit mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) surface markers, including CD29, CD44, CD105, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha. Under appropriate growth conditions, the hESC-derived cells proliferated without phenotypic changes and maintained MSC surface markers. The chondrogenic capacity of the cells was studied in pellet culture and after encapsulation in poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels with exogenous extracellular proteins or arginineglycine- aspartate (RGD)-modified PEGDA hydrogels. The hESC-derived cells exhibited growth factor- dependent matrix production in pellet culture but did not produce tissue characteristic of cartilage morphology. In PEGDA hydrogels containing exogenous hyaluronic acid or type I collagen, no significant cell growth or matrix production was observed. In contrast, when these cells were encapsulated in RGDmodified poly(ethylene glycol)hydrogels, neocartilage with basophilic extracellular matrix deposition was observed within 3 weeks of culture, producing cartilage-specific gene up-regulation and extracellular matrix production. Our results indicate that precursor cells characteristic of a MSC population can be cultured from differentiating hESCs through embryoid bodies, thus holding great promise for a potentially unlimited source of cells for cartilage tissue engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
authors.forename: Nathaniel S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Shyni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Zijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elisseeff
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D020100:Hydrogels; D009842:Oligopeptides; C437167:poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols