title: Fecal progestagen and estrone during pregnancy in a giraffe: a case report.
abstract: The present study was carried out to measure fecal progestagen and estrone concentrations during pregnancy in a giraffe and examine the possibility of utilizing this assay system for pregnancy diagnosis. Fecal samples were collected from a giraffe during her third and fourth parities and mixed with methanol to prepare a fecal solution. Diluted fecal solution was used for direct enzyme immunoassay for progestagen and estrone. The newborn calf from the third parity was viable, although that from the fourth parity died 5 days after calving. In the third parity, the giraffe's progestagen and estrone concentrations increased transiently from days 30 to 120 of pregnancy. Then, they decreased and remained low until day 330. This was followed by a drastic rise in both concentrations as parturition approached. Parturition caused a reduction in the progestagen and estrone concentrations of the feces. In the fourth parity, the progestagen concentration increased gradually after mating until day 320. This was followed by a reduction in the concentration until parturition. However, the estrone concentration fluctuated, and the duration and extent of the prepartum rise in concentration were shorter and lower than those of the third parity. The hormone dynamics of the third parity suggest the possibility of early pregnancy diagnosis by measuring progestagen or estrone between days 30 and 120 after mating.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan. niso@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo / Q000502:physiology*; D001188:Artiodactyla / Q000502:physiology*; D004970:Estrone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000378:metabolism*; D011372:Progestins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011372:Progestins; D004970:Estrone