title: Exercise affects energy metabolism and neural plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus as revealed by proteomic analysis.
abstract: Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a brief voluntary exercise period on the expression pattern and post-translational modification of multiple protein classes in the rat hippocampus using proteomics. An analysis of 80 protein spots of relative high abundance on two-dimensional gels revealed that approximately 90% of the proteins identified were associated with energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity. Exercise up-regulated proteins involved in four aspects of energy metabolism, i.e. glycolysis, ATP synthesis, ATP transduction and glutamate turnover. Specifically, we found increases in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, mitochondrial ATP synthase, ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase and glutamate dehydrogenase 1. Exercise also up-regulated specific synaptic-plasticity-related proteins, the cytoskeletal protein alpha-internexin and molecular chaperones (chaperonin-containing TCP-1, neuronal protein 22, heat shock 60-kDa protein 1 and heat shock protein 8). Western blot was used to confirm the direction and magnitude of change in ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase, an enzyme essential for transducing mitochondrial-derived ATP to sites of high-energy demand such as the synapse. Protein phosphorylation visualized by Pro-Q Diamond fluorescent staining showed that neurofilament light polypeptide, glial fibrillary acidic protein, heat shock protein 8 and transcriptional activator protein pur-alpha were more intensely phosphorylated with exercise as compared with sedentary control levels. Our results, together with the fact that most of the proteins that we found to be up-regulated have been implicated in cognitive function, support a mechanism by which exercise uses processes of energy metabolism and synaptic plasticity to promote brain health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Centre, UCLA, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Qinxue
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Shoshanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaynman
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Souda
authors.forename: Julian P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Whitelegge
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomez-Pinilla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D030562:Databases, Protein / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins