title: Suppressive effect of phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibition on systemic inflammatory responses after cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces excessive production of endogenous proinflammatory mediators such as cytokines and elastase, which are responsible for the subsequent development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). In this study, we investigated the protective effect of rolipram against SIRS after CPB. Rats were divided into three groups (n = 5 in each): control (C), rolipram (R), and sham (S). Rats in groups C and R underwent CPB for 60 min followed by 60 min of observation, while those in group S were observed for 120 min without CPB. In group R, 40 microg/kg/min of rolipram was intravenously administered throughout the experiment. CD11b expression on neutrophils was analyzed using flow cytometry. Serum concentrations of tissue necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and elastase were also determined. CD11b expression at the end of the experiment was unchanged from the initial value in group R, whereas that in group C increased to almost double, and that in group S also showed a slight increase (P < 0.01). Serum TNF-alpha levels in groups R and S were lower than those observed in group C (P < 0.05). Serum IL-1beta and MIP-2 levels in groups C and R tended to be higher than those in group S, although the difference was not statistically significant. Regarding elastase, group R showed a significantly lower value than group C and a higher value than group S (P < 0.05). Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibition seems to suppress CPB-induced SIRS through the regulation of proinflammatory mediators in this rat model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.forename: Michiharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inamori
authors.forename: Toshikatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagihara
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D020889:Rolipram / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D020889:Rolipram