title: Local drug delivery to bladder using technology innovations.
abstract: Local delivery of drugs directly into the bladder by way of a urethral catheter is a clever approach to optimize drug delivery to the disease site while reducing systemic bioavailability. Pharmacotherapy by this route is referred to as intravesical delivery. In recent years, intravesical delivery has been used in combination with and oral regimen of drugs or as second-line treatment for neurogenic bladder and detrusor overactivity. Negligible absorption of instilled drugs into the systemic circulation explains the near-minimal adverse toxicity reported with this form of therapy. The authors discuss shortcomings of the current options available for intravesical delivery and provide a broad overview of the latest advances through technology innovation to overcome these drawbacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Kaufmann Medical Building, Suite 700, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3221, USA. prtst2@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Shachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Leaf
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Miguel
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*