title: Ultrastructural evaluation of explanted opacified Hydroview (H60M) intraocular lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the ultrastructural appearance of explanted opacified Hydroview H60M intraocular lenses.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 explanted lenses were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and their appearance compared with a non-implanted H60M lens from the same time period. Wavelength-dispersive x ray spectroscopy (WDX) was performed on two opacified lenses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subsurface deposits were seen in all explanted opacified lenses. These deposits broke only onto the surface of more densely opacified lenses. WDX confirmed that the deposits contained both calcium and phosphorous, consistent with their being calcium apatite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings challenge the widely accepted opinion that H60M intraocular lens opacification begins on the surface of the optic.
authors.affiliation: University of Bristol, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LX, UK.
authors.forename: Nathaniel E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Knox Cartwright
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Brendan M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: Derek M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tole
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sparrow
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: David J P
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D020878:Device Removal; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium