title: "Should I give you my smoking lecture now or later?" Characterizing emergency physician smoking discussions and cessation counseling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determine frequency and manner in which emergency physicians address smoking with their patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a descriptive secondary analysis of 871 audiotapes of physician-patient interactions collected during a trial assessing the effect of computer-based health risk assessment on emergency physician-patient communication. Consenting nonemergency female patients, ages 18 to 65 years, were enrolled from 2 socioeconomically diverse academic emergency department (EDs) for audiotaping of the ED visit. All audio files with any mention of smoking were independently coded with an in-depth structured coding form to characterize the nature of smoking-related discussions. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with emergency physician screening and discussion of tobacco exposure with women patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 484 of 871 (56%) participants were verbally screened for smoking, with 156 of 484 (32%) disclosing current smoking, with similar incidence at both sites. Tobacco screening was higher (odds ratio 2.2; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 3.5), whereas rates of smoking-related discussions were lower (odds ratio 0.41; 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.98) at the urban site. At both sites, physicians tended to screen and discuss smoking when patients presented with a health condition that could be aggravated by smoking. Only 56% of discussions with current smokers contained advice to quit, 16% included assessment of readiness to quit, and a minority (13%) included a referral. Physician empathy/encouragement was associated with patients' detailing quit attempts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency physicians were likely to gather information about smoking but not to counsel or advise patients to quit. These results raise the question of whether emergency medicine resident training should include additional emphasis on smoking cessation counseling and motivational interviewing techniques.
authors.affiliation: Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: Jeannine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Karin V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Rhodes
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D017579:Domestic Violence; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013383:Suburban Population; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D014743:Videotape Recording