title: Murine models of myocardial and limb ischemia: diagnostic end-points and relevance to clinical problems.
abstract: Ischemic disease represents the new epidemic worldwide. Animal models of ischemic disease are useful because they can help us to understand the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and develop new therapies. The present review article summarizes the results of a consensus conference on the status and future development of experimentation in the field of cardiovascular medicine using murine models of peripheral and myocardial ischemia. The starting point was to recognize the limits of the approach, which mainly derive from species- and disease-related differences in cardiovascular physiology. For instance, the mouse heart beats at a rate 10 times faster than the human heart. Furthermore, healing processes are more rapid in animals, as they rely on mechanisms that may have lost relevance in man. The main objective of the authors was to propose general guidelines, diagnostic end points and relevance to clinical problems.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. madeddu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Madeddu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emanueli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spillmann
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authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meloni
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authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bouby
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authors.lastname: Richer
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authors.lastname: Alhenc-Gelas
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authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Van Weel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eefting
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authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Quax
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authors.lastname: Hu
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authors.lastname: Xu
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authors.lastname: Hemdahl
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authors.lastname: van Golde
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authors.lastname: Huijberts
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authors.lastname: Struijker Boudier
authors.forename: T
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authors.lastname: Couffinhal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duplaa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chimenti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Staszewsky
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baumans
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000601:surgery; D015897:Comorbidity; D032921:Consensus; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply*; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D044968:Regenerative Medicine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013045:Species Specificity; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation; D014945:Wound Healing