title: Latency-associated human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein N genotypes in monocytes from healthy blood donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects a variety of cell types and maintains a lifelong relationship with its host by way of a latent infection in circulating monocytes, myeloid precursor cells, and the hematopoietic progenitor population. Viral strain heterogeneity, shown by gene polymorphisms, has been implicated in the majority of HCMV biologic behaviors. HCMV UL73 encodes the polymorphic envelope glycoprotein N (gN), which shows seven genotypes (gN-1, gN-2, gN-3a, gN-3b, gN-4a, gN-4b, and gN-4c).
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocyte subfractions from 64 HCMV-seropositive healthy blood donors were collected to analyze gN genotypes distribution in the few cells harboring the latent viral genome. Different experimental approaches to extract viral genomes from the monocyte population and amplify UL73 (polymerase chain reaction touchdown and nested) for subsequent genotyping were tested and compared with diagnostic gold standard. gN genotype distribution in monocytes from immunocompetent healthy carriers was compared with previously reported data obtained from patient populations with acute HCMV infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The efficiency of UL73 amplification from monocytes of healthy seropositive blood donors was approximately 39 percent, one of the highest reported to date. The leading gN genotype was gN-1 (87%), whereas the gN-4 variant was poorly represented (13%). The comparison of gN genotypic frequencies in the immunocompetent healthy population with immunocompromised patients is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work further supports the idea that strain-specific features could determine the cell tropism and influence the onset of latency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division Microbiology, St. Orsola General Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. sarapig@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pignatelli
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dal Monte
authors.forename: Giada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Camozzi
authors.forename: Vanda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Landini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012015:Reference Standards; D013045:Species Specificity; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C417883:glycoprotein N, Human cytomegalovirus