title: Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of VAQTA given concomitantly versus nonconcomitantly with other pediatric vaccines in healthy 12-month-old children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study is to assess whether hepatitis A vaccine is immunogenic and well tolerated when administered to 12-month-old children alone or concomitantly with other routinely administered pediatric vaccines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred seventeen healthy 12-month-old children were randomized to receive dose 1 of hepatitis A vaccine given alone or concomitantly with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and varicella vaccine and dose 2 of hepatitis A vaccine given alone or concomitantly with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine and optionally with oral or inactivated poliovirus vaccine. Participants were followed for clinical adverse experiences and serologic responses to all vaccine antigens. Antibody responses were compared with historical controls for some indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The safety profile was generally comparable whether hepatitis A vaccine was administered alone or concomitantly with other vaccines. When administered alone, the hepatitis A seropositivity rate was 98.3% and 100% for dose 1 and dose 2, respectively, and after dose 2 was similar to historical rates and the geometric mean titers were similar between initially seropositive and initially seronegative subjects (6207 and 6810 mIU/mL, respectively). After concomitant administration with hepatitis A vaccine, antibody responses to measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus and filamentous hemagglutinin (98.8%, 99.6%, 100%, 98.6%, 100% and 83.3%, respectively) were similar to historical controls and response to poliovirus was demonstrated, but immune responses to varicella zoster virus (79%) and pertussis toxoid (76%) were inferior to historical controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatitis A vaccine is highly immunogenic and generally well tolerated when administered to healthy children as young as 12 months of age regardless of initial hepatitis A serostatus and can be administered concomitantly with measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and oral or inactivated poliovirus vaccine.
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, San Antonio, TX 78205-2489, USA. Fguerra@sanantonio.gov
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gress
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Werzberger
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reisinger
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lakkis
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Grosso
authors.forename: Carolee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Welebob
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kuter
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019433:Chickenpox Vaccine; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; D011054:Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral