title: Intractable childhood epilepsy and maternal fatigue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mothers of children with intractable epilepsy are generally stressed and experience more emotional problems. Fatigue may affect their productivity, social interactions, and their ability to adequately take care of their children. The objectives were to examine the relationship between intractable childhood epilepsy and maternal fatigue, and explore possible contributing factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four consecutive mothers of children with intractable epilepsy were identified prospectively. Exclusion criteria included degenerative/metabolic disorders or life threatening illness, such as brain tumors. Fatigue was measured using a standardized 11-item questionnaire, which has been revalidated in an Arabic speaking population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers' ages were 24-45 years (mean 34) and ages of their epileptic children were 1-15 years (mean 6.7). Most children (64%) had epilepsy for >2 years, were on >1 antiepileptic drug (AED) (72%), and had daily seizures (47%). Thirty-four (54%) of the children had motor deficits and 83% had mental retardation (severe in 41%). Twenty-eight (44%) mothers were fatigued. Factors associated with increased maternal fatigue included child's age <2 years (p=0.01), cryptogenic epilepsy (p=0.03), and severe motor deficits (p=0.04). Factors associated with lowered fatigue included performing regular exercise (p=0.006), lack of mental retardation (p=0.01), seizure control (p=0.05), using one AED (p=0.002), infrequent ER visits (p=0.005), and lack of recent hospitalization (p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers of children with intractable epilepsy are increasingly fatigued. Several correlating factors were identified, mostly related to seizure control, mental and physical handicap. Strategies to manage the problem include proper education, seizure control, participation in regular exercise, social support, and psychological counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed M S
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants