title: Evaluation on scolicidal efficacy of propolis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propolis is a resinous material collected by bees from various plants. It has antimicrobial, antioxidative, immunostimulative, and regenerative properties. We determined the scolicidal effect of propolis in different concentrations and various exposure times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tubes containing Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces were supplemented with different concentrations of ethyl alcohol extract of propolis. At the end of the incubation times, viability of protoscoleces was assessed by trypan blue exclusion test. We also applied 5 ml of 1 microg/ml propolis intraperitoneally for determination of side effects and mortality rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined that 1 microg/ml concentration of propolis killed all of the protoscoleces at the end of the 3rd minute. In the in vivo part of the study, intraperitoneal application of propolis did not cause any side effects or mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that this natural agent can be used as a potent scolicidal agent after studies which will determine in vivo efficacy and the effects on liver and biliary tree when injected directly into the common bile duct.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. kemalkismet@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kismet
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kilicoglu
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koru
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanyuksel
authors.forename: Mehmet Tahir
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Oruc
authors.forename: Kadriye
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sorkun
authors.forename: Bekir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salih
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Akkus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D048209:Echinococcus granulosus; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D011429:Propolis / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011429:Propolis