title: Cytokine production following experimental implantation of xenogenic dermal collagen and polypropylene grafts in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We earlier showed that xenogenic Pelvicol (Bard, Olen, Belgium) implants induce a lesser inflammatory response than Prolene (Johnson and Johnson, Dilbeek, Belgium). The purpose of this study was to determine cytokine profiles in the host immune responses to Pelvicol in a mouse model. The hypothesis was that Pelvicol would induce a "T-helper2" (Th2) rather than T-helper1 (Th1) type of inflammatory response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were implanted subcutaneously with Pelvicol or Prolene and the graft sites were harvested at 3 to 28 days. Histopathology was done and cytokine levels were determined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to identify which cell population contributed to the observed cytokine production profiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pelvicol induced a decreased inflammation and displayed an increase in IL-10 and TGF-beta, but reduce of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, indicating a Th2 type dominated response as examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Flow cytometry showed that the monocytes/maceophages were the main cell population responsible for production of these cytokines. Monocytes/maceophages from Pelvicol explants showed upregulated expression of IL-10 while Prolene explants expressed TNF-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pelvicol induced a Th2 type cytokine-dominated immune response after subcutaneous implantation in mice.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Technologies, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 17, 3000-Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Luo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verbiest
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verbeken
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Ridder
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deprest
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011126:Polypropylenes; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D003094:Collagen