title: Endoscopic orbital and optic nerve decompression.
abstract: The endoscopic transnasal approach is well suited for decompression of both the orbit and optic canal. High-resolution nasal endoscopes provide excellent visualization for bone removal along the orbital apex and skull base. Endoscopic orbital decompression has proved to be safe and effective for the treatment of patients with Graves' orbitopathy; however, the indications and outcomes for endoscopic decompression of the optic nerve remain controversial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pletcher
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sindwani
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metson
mesh_terms: D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000601:surgery*