title: A novel model of acute murine hindlimb ischemia.
abstract: The McGivney hemorrhoidal ligator (MHL), a band designed to cause tissue necrosis, is the preferred experimental tool to create hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rodents. This report defines and compares the ex vivo band tension exerted by MHL and orthodontic rubber bands (ORBs) along with select in vivo characteristics of I/R. As to method, ex vivo band tension was measured over relevant diameters using a tensiometer. In vivo assessment of murine limb perfusion during ischemia with ORB and MHL was compared using laser Doppler imaging and measurement of wet weight-to-dry weight ratio. Neuromuscular scoring and histological extent of muscle fiber injury after I/R with MHL and ORB were also compared. A dose-response curve, between the duration of ORB-induced I/R with both mitochondrial activity (methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium) or tail perfusion [laser Doppler imaging (LDI)], was generated. As a results, ex vivo measurements showed that ORB exerted significantly less force than the MHL. Despite less tension in ORB, in vivo testing of the ORB confirmed complete ischemia by both LDI and wet weight-to-dry weight ratio. After I/R, caused by ORB, there was significantly less neuromuscular dysfunction. Histological assessment confirmed similar degrees of muscle fiber injury after I/R with either the MHL or ORB. Increasing durations of ischemia created by the ORB followed by reperfusion significantly decreased mitochondrial activity and tail perfusion after 24 h of ischemia. In conclusions, ORB produced similar levels of tissue ischemia in murine models of limb I/R with fewer levels of nonspecific injury. ORB may be the preferred model for selected studies of limb I/R.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman St., Ste. 458, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Faraz F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Hashmi
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Albadawi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.forename: Fateh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Entabi
authors.forename: Marvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Conrad
authors.forename: W Gerald
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Austen
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Watkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D006614:Hindlimb; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013623:Tail / Q000098:blood supply; D013997:Time Factors; D014111:Tourniquets