title: Lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and E. coli nissle induce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) with the cell debris and cell extraction of different probiotic strains is similar or species specific.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three strains of bifidobacteria, 4 strains of lactobacilli, and E. coli nissle were sonicated and centrifuged in order to divide them into cell extract and cell debris. PBMNC were separated by density gradient and incubated for 36 h with either the cell debris or the cell extract of single strains of probiotic bacteria in doses from 10(2) to 10(8) CFU/mL. Cell supernatants were taken and interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were determined by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depending on the species super-family, the strains had different stimulation patterns. Except for both L. casei strains, the cell extract of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli had less stimulating capacity than cell debris, whereas the cell extract of E. coli nissle had similar stimulating properties to that of the cell debris of the strain and significantly more stimulating capacity than that of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The cell debris of bifidobacteria stimulated more cytokine release than the cell debris of lactobacilli. The cell debris of lactobacilli did not have a stimulating capacity when lower concentrations were used. Neither cell extraction nor cell debris had an inhibitory effect on the production of the tested cytokines by stimulated PBMNC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incubation of probiotic strains, which have been used in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases, with immunocompetent cells leads to different species specific reactions. High IL-10 response to cell debris of bifidobacteria and E. coli nissle can be found. This corresponds to positive effects of bifidobacteria and E. coli nissle in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease compared to negative outcomes obtained with lactobacilli.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 1st Medical Department, 24105 Kiel, Germany. u.helwig@mucosa.de
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Helwig
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brigidi
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rohleder
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Caramelli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gionchetti
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schrezenmeir
authors.forename: Ulrich R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Foelsch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000502:physiology*; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002457:Cell Extracts; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10