title: [A case-control study of the risk factors for lung cancer among Chinese women who have never smoked].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk factors for lung cancer among women who had never smoked. Methods A 1:2 matched case-control study was carried out. The cases are the no-smoking female patients with the primary lung cancer diagnosed by pathology mothed from hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai and Chengdu between September 2001 and February 2004. One hospital control and one population control matched for age, sex and no-smoking et al., were enrolled. The case and control were interviewed about the exposure information of related factors using the uniform questionnaire. Statistical analysis of single-factor and multivariate conditional Logistic regression were performed to screen the risk factors of lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the single-factoranalysis, 28 exposure factors were identified as risk factors for lung cancer. The multivariate conditional Logistic regression show that passive smoking index > or = 50 person * year (OR = 1.77,95% CI, 1.07 - 2.92), consumption of internal organs of animals (OR = 1.85,95% CI, 1.06 - 3.22), and occupational exposure to dust (OR = 2.47,95% CI, 1.21 - 5.03) and bad ventilation in workplace( OR = 4.02,95% CI, 1.74 - 9.29) are risk factors for lung cancer, but consumption of vegetables( OR = 0.26, 95% CI, 0.12 - 0.59), taking vitamins often (OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.30 - 0.93), average month income per person after married > or = 500 yuan ( OR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.28 - 0.91) and the first procreation occurred between 24 and 30 years old (OR = 0.53, 95% CI, 0.32 - 0.90) are the protective factors for lung cancer. The dose-response were observed between passive smoking and risk rate of lung cancer by trend test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some factors such as passive smoking, consumption of internal organs of animals, occupational exposure to dust and bad ventilation in workplace can increase the risk of lung cancer for women who had never smoked. Other factors such as consumption of vegetables, taking vitamins, and so on, can reduce the risk of lung cancer for women who had never smoked.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental and Health Related Products Safety, China CDC, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: De-kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Su-hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hong-wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004391:Dust; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution