title: Endoluminal cryotherapy to prevent recanalization after endovascular occlusion with platinum coils.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endovascular embolization with platinum coils is sometimes followed by recanalization. The present study was undertaken to assess whether cryoablation of the endothelial lining could prevent recanalization after coil occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recanalization rates of canine maxillary and vertebral arteries (n = 20) occluded with platinum coils with or without previous cryoablation (with temperatures of -40 degrees C to -45 degrees C for 90 seconds) were analyzed by angiography immediately and at 1 and 3 months in five animals. Pathologic recanalization and fibrosis was assessed at 3 months with use of a qualitative scoring system. Findings were compared with Mann-Whitney tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recanalization after coil occlusion occurred in 50% and 60% of cases with cryoablation at 1 and 3 months, respectively, compared with 100% without ablation (P = .012 and P= .029). There was no significant difference in pathologic scores (P = .348). The brachial plexus in the vicinity of vertebral arteries was injured by cryotherapy in three animals in which an ipsilateral neurologic deficit developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryotherapy was moderately effective in the prevention of recanalization after coil occlusion. Deep nerve injury was excessive with the protocol used in the present study.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre, Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Notre-Dame Hospital, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Suite M-8203, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2L 4M1. dr_jean_raymond@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salazkin
authors.forename: Guylaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gevry
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guilbert
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002404:Catheterization; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017679:Cryotherapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D008438:Maxillary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010984:Platinum; D011859:Radiography; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010984:Platinum