title: Effects of low- or high-dose hormone therapy on fasting and post-methionine homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of two different hormone therapy (HT) doses on fasting and post-methionine homocysteine levels, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and thromboembolic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight women in natural postmenopause randomly received calcium 1 mg/day (control group; n = 12) or calcium plus low dose (1 mg estradiol plus 0.5 mg norethisterone; n = 18) or high dose (2 mg estradiol plus 1 mg norethisterone; n = 18) HT in a 6-month randomized, controlled, prospective study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Folate levels did not vary in any group, while levels of vitamin B12 significantly decreased after low- (-12.2 +/- 6.6%; p < 0.04) or high-dose HT (-13.9 +/- 6.1%; p < 0.01). Fasting homocysteine was reduced by either HT dose in a way that was inversely related to pretreatment homocysteine levels (-0.675x; r = 0.644; p < 0.0001). Modification of post-load homocysteine increase was influenced by the HT dose and inversely related to the homocysteine response to methionine observed at baseline. The regression slope observed with the low-dose HT (-1.637x; r = 0.57; p < 0.02) was significantly steeper (p < 0.001) than that observed with the high-dose HT (-0.304x; r = 0.554; p < 0.03) dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low- or high-dose HT similarly influences fasting homocysteine levels. Low-dose HT seems to be more effective than high-dose HT in reducing the post-methionine homocysteine increase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Gynecology Unit, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cagnacci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Generali
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pirillo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldassari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008715:Methionine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D004958:Estradiol; D005492:Folic Acid; D008715:Methionine; D014805:Vitamin B 12; D009640:Norethindrone