title: Mortality and hospitalization in patients after amputation: a comparison between patients with and without diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to compare the risk of mortality and hospitalization between patients with and without diabetes following incident lower-extremity amputation (LEA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective data-linkage review of all incident amputations between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1995. Patients were categorized according to their diabetes status. Follow-up for mortality was until 1 January 2005 and until 31 March 1996 for hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 390 major-incident LEAs performed during the study period, 119 (30.5%) were in patients with diabetes and 271 (69.5%) were in nondiabetic subjects. The median time to death was 27.2 months in patients with diabetes compared with 46.7 months for patients without (P = 0.01). Diabetic subjects had a 55% greater risk of death than those without diabetes. The risk of developing congestive cardiac failure with diabetes was 2.26 (95% CI 1.12-4.57) and of further amputation was 1.95 (1.14-3.33) times that of a patient without diabetes after incident LEA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After LEA, patients with diabetes have an increased risk of death compared with nondiabetic patients. Efforts should be made to minimize these risks with aggressive treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and management of cardiac failure.
authors.affiliation: Ward 1, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK. cschofield@nhs.net
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schofield
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Libby
authors.forename: Geraldine M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Ritchie R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: MacAlpine
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Graham P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Leese
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011610:Psychosocial Deprivation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology