title: Increased human placental growth hormone at midtrimester pregnancies may be an index of intrauterine growth retardation related to preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between maternal serum and amniotic fluid levels of human Placental Growth Hormone (hPGH) with the fetal intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) related to preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed samples in pairs of serum and amniotic fluid retrospectively from 25 women, who manifested preeclampsia and IUGR in the late second or the third trimester of gestation. The samples were obtained at 16-22 weeks' gestation during amniocentesis for fetal karyotyping. At this time, there was no clinical or sonographic evidence of preeclampsia or IUGR, respectively. Sixty-two serum samples were used as controls which were obtained at 16-22 weeks' gestation from women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies, with normal outcome, and appropriate for gestational age neonatal birth weight. Forty-seven amniotic fluid samples were also used as controls which were obtained at 16-22 weeks' gestation from the women that were included in the control group who underwent an amniocentesis. hPGH levels were measured by a solid phase immunoradiometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hPGH values in the serum and the amniotic fluid of the IUGR related to preeclampsia affected pregnancies were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the normal pregnancies at 16-22 weeks' gestation: mean+/-SD in the serum was 13.16+/-10.52 ng/ml vs. 4.39+/-2.23 ng/ml; mean+/-SD in the amniotic fluid 2.49+/-1.6 ng/ml vs. 0.82+/-0.67 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hPGH levels in maternal serum and amniotic fluid were found to be higher at 16-22 weeks' gestation in pregnancies that will be complicated subsequently by IUGR related to preeclampsia. Our findings suggest that the evaluation of the changes of hPGH levels at midtrimester should be further investigated for the possibility to provide a potential predictive index of IUGR and preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, 71201 Heraklion, Greece. bm-pjhkka@otenet.gr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sifakis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giahnakis
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fragouli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karkavitsas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koumantakis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalmanti
mesh_terms: D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005865:Gestational Age; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010926:Placental Hormones / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: C064980:GH2 protein, human; D010926:Placental Hormones; D013006:Growth Hormone