title: Thoracoscopic pericardiectomy for purulent pericarditis: experience with 21 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present our experience in performing thoracoscopic pericardiectomy for purulent pericarditis in 21 children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pericardiectomy was carried out using one optical trocar and two operating trocars. Pleural insufflation with carbon dioxide was maintained at 2-4 mm Hg. Anterior pericardiectomy was performed from the left phrenic nerve to the right border of the sternum to free the anterior part of the heart, notably the cardiac apex and the original area of the great vessels. Purulent debris was removed prior to detaching the epicardial peel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included 21 patients. Their mean age was 8 years. The time from onset of the disease to surgery ranged from 4 to 34 days (average, 15.2 days). Operative times ranged from 50 to 180 minutes (average, 100 minutes). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. All symptoms of cardiac tamponade disappeared immediately postoperatively. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 15 months and showed normal clinical manifestations, echocardiographs, and chest x-rays in all children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracoscopic pericardiectomy with removal of a generous amount of the pericardium is feasible and safe for purulent pericarditis.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam. nipliem@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Nguyen Thanh
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: To
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuan
authors.forename: Le Anh
authors.initials: le A
authors.lastname: Dung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010492:Pericardiectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010493:Pericarditis / Q000601:surgery*; D013492:Suppuration; D013906:Thoracoscopy