title: Cyclic fatigue of different nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comparative study of the fatigue resistance of rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments was performed with the aim of assessing the influence of both instrument design and surface treatment on flexural fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate fatigue resistance of different rotary instruments, a total of 120 instruments were tested; these came from different sources: ProFile, RaCe, K3, Hero, and Mtwo. To compare the effect of electro-polishing procedures on fatigue resistance, a group of RaCe instruments (which are normally electro-polished) without surface treatment was used. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study for each instrument was performed before and after fatigue study to determine the mode of fracture and the aspect of tips and cross-sectional surface areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ProFile instruments gave the best values for fatigue resistance. It was seen that for RaCe instruments the surface treatment reduces the presence of micro-cracks, surface debris, and machining damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the instrument design often proves to be an important factor in the fatigue resistance of NiTi rotary instruments. In RaCe instruments the electro-polishing surface treatment increases the fracture-related fatigue resistance.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa Roberta
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Tripi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonaccorso
authors.forename: Guglielmo Guido
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Condorelli
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry; D018583:Pliability; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium