title: Combined measurement of carotid stiffness and intima-media thickness improves prediction of complex aortic plaques in patients with ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that for the prediction or exclusion of aortic thrombi or plaques >or=4 mm, the combination of intima-media thickness (IMT) and distensibility (DC) of the common carotid arteries would be superior to the measurement of IMT alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively included 208 stroke patients (mean age, 60 years) undergoing transesophageal echocardiography for screening of aortic plaques. IMT and DC were determined by ultrasound, and DC was quantified by measuring blood pressure and the common carotid arteries diameter change on M-mode ultrasound during the cardiac cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Negative predictive values of IMT <0.9 mm and DC >or=24x10(-3)/kPa for the exclusion of aortic atheroma >or=4 mm were similar (92.0% and 91.7%, respectively). However, negative predictive values increased to 98.2% and to 100.0% for the exclusion of aortic thrombi when both parameters were combined. Positive predictive values of IMT >or=0.9 mm and DC <24 were lower (46.3%, 41.1%; respectively), but they also increased in combination (54.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that IMT and DC represent different vessel wall properties and that measuring both parameters provides optimized characterization of carotid atherosclerosis. Combining IMT and DC increases the predictive power of carotid ultrasound, making transesophageal echocardiography dispensable for assessment of the aorta for those with normal carotid arteries and indispensable for those patients with carotid atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. harloff@nz.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harloff
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Strecker
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinhard
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kollum
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Handke
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olschewski
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiller
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hetzel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography