title: Evaluation of mandibular block using a standardized method.
abstract: The purpose of this prospective randomized study was to investigate the manifestations and efficiency of mandibular block (MB) using a standardized method. In this study, 123 patients requiring MB were randomly assigned to receive MB using a repeated measures design. Mandibular block was administered in each patient by using 2.1 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1:100 000 epinephrine for the inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, and/or buccal nerve. Clinical parameters including the electric pulp test and test for soft tissue sensation using a sharp dental explorer were assessed on both the operated side and contralateral side before and 5, 10, and 15 minutes after injection, and at the end of surgical procedure. Results of the test of the contralateral tooth served as the control group. No response to the electric pulp test at a maximum output (80 readings) was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Results obtained with electric pulp test and sharp explorer test were not significantly different during various intervals on the contralateral side, indicating the reliability of this standardized method for assessing MB. The MB technique achieved a high rate of subjective numbness (100%) according to the perception of the patients of overall numbness and lip numbness. Overall anesthetic success rates of pulpal anesthesia were 5.7% for the central incisor, 38.2% for the canine, 55.3% for the first premolar, and 90.2% for the first molar. No significant difference was found in the efficiency of anesthesia related to sex or age of the patients. A slower onset of pulpal anesthesia after MB was found for the anterior teeth than for the posterior teeth. This study suggests that the use of a standardized method might produce a clearer and more comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency and manifestations of MB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Ni
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Chun-Pin
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Sang-Heng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Puo-Jen
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying-Shiung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Wan-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Hao-Hueng
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002610:Cheek / Q000294:innervation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008036:Lingual Nerve; D008297:Male; D008340:Mandibular Nerve; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine