title: Case-only analysis of treatment-covariate interactions in clinical trials.
abstract: Differential effectiveness of treatments across subgroups defined by pretreatment variables are of increasing interest, particularly in the expanding research field of pharmacogenomics. When the pretreatment variable is difficult to obtain or expensive to measure, but can be assessed at the end of the study using stored samples, nested case-control and case-cohort methods can be used to reduce costs in large efficacy trials with rare outcomes. Case-only methods are even more efficient, and reliable under a range of circumstances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. eric@biostat.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vittinghoff
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015982:Bias; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D019386:Alendronate