title: Binary vectors and super-binary vectors.
abstract: A binary vector is a standard tool in the transformation of higher plants mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. It is composed of the borders of T-DNA, multiple cloning sites, replication functions for Escherichia coli and A. tumefaciens, selectable marker genes, reporter genes, and other accessory elements that can improve the efficiency of and/or give further capability to the system. A super-binary vector carries additional virulence genes from a Ti plasmid, and exhibits very high frequency of transformation, which is valuable for recalcitrant plants such as cereals. A number of useful vectors are widely circulated. Whereas vectors with compatible selectable markers and convenient cloning sites are usually the top criteria when inserting gene fragments shorter than 15 kb, the capability of maintaining a large DNA piece is more important for consideration when introducing DNA fragments larger than 15 kb. Because no vector is perfect for every project, it is recommended that modification or construction of vectors should be made according to the objective of the experiments. Existing vectors serve as good sources of components.
authors.affiliation: Plant Innovation Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., Iwata, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komari
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yukoh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiei
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics*; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D036741:Plant Tumor-Inducing Plasmids; D013045:Species Specificity; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005819:Genetic Markers