title: Exploring ego-integrity in old adults: a Q-methodology study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Achieving ego-integrity involves fully accepting oneself and is important in quality of later life, but the concept of ego-integrity in old adults has not yet been well articulated in nursing practice.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to elucidate the concept of ego-integrity in late adulthood in terms of the range of meanings this concept embraces within contemporary Korean society.
  
  
  METHODS
  Q-methodology was applied, which represents a method for measuring subjectivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in a community setting in the Republic of Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants were 26 old adults, aged 65-70 years, living in the community in Korea. Two inclusion criteria were applied: (1) the participants had to be literate and competent to ensure that they were able to sort the cards stating the Q-samples in a forced distributive manner, and (2) the participants were regarded by researchers as having achieved ego-integrity in late adulthood as described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data obtained from June 2004 to December 2004 from a sample of 26 older adults were analyzed by PCQ software (a factor analysis program for the Q-technique) to delineate the factors of ego-integrity in late adulthood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A four-factor solutions for the study subjects indicates that there were differences in the frames of reference in achieving ego-integrity in late adulthood. The frames of reference of the four factors were: (1) a satisfactory connection between the generations, (2) enjoying a peaceful life, (3) peace through acceptance, and (4) achieving a praiseworthy life in spite of adversity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The projected property of ego-integrity in late adulthood is closely related to cultural and psycho-social environmental influences throughout the life span. Culturally sensitive life-reviews methods need to be developed to intervene in the specific ways that individual older adults achieve their own ego-integrity throughout their life experiences.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, Korea University, #126-1, 5-ka, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-705, South Korea. sungok@korea.ac.kr <sungok@korea.ac.kr>
authors.forename: Sung Ok
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ju Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Chun Gill
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Nam Ok
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004532:Ego; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea