title: Nonendoscopic transnasal placement of a wireless capsule for esophageal pH monitoring: feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a manometry-guided procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of transnasal placement of the Medtronic Bravo capsule for wireless esophageal pH monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease were prospectively evaluated. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and esophageal manometry. The Bravo capsule was then introduced transnasally and released 5 cm above the upper margin of the lower esophageal sphincter. Serial radiographs were performed weekly until capsule release.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 40 patients who were evaluated, 38 (95 %) were eligible to undergo the procedure. Transnasal placement proved impossible in one patient (2.5 %). Overall, a total of 39 procedures were performed in 38 patients (the procedure was repeated in one patient because of accidental intragastric fixation). Esophageal placement was successful in 36/39 procedures (92.3 %). The mean duration of the procedure was 10 minutes (range 5 - 16 minutes). Adverse events were noted in five of the 39 procedures (12.8 %), mild epistaxis in two patients (5.1 %) and pharyngeal irritation in three patients (7.7 %). After the procedure, a slight "foreign body" sensation was reported by 20 of the 36 patients (55.5 %) who had undergone successful esophageal placement; two patients (5.5 %) experienced severe retrosternal pain necessitating endoscopic removal of the capsule. At the end of the study, 34 of the 38 patients (89.5 %) stated that they would be willing to undergo the test again if necessary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transnasal placement of the Bravo pH capsule is safe, well tolerated, does not require sedation, and avoids endoscopy and its complications.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Agostino Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iacopini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Familiari
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tringali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costamagna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053705:Capsule Endoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D050782:Esophageal pH Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose