title: Prospective assessment of the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in ERCP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the existence of published recommendations, various studies of antibiotic prophylaxis have reached conflicting conclusions, and controversy exists regarding the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in ERCP. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the intramuscular administration of clindamicine and gentamicine before ERCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one consecutive patients referred for ERCP were prospectively randomized to receive either clindamicine 600mg and gentamicine 80mg, both intramuscularly one hour before the ERCP (group I; 31 patients) or not (group II; 30 patients). Two blood samples were obtained from every patient (just before endoscopy and within 5 minutes of withdrawal of the endoscope) and were incubated for 7 days and examined daily for growth of bacteria. Patients were closely monitored for 7 days after endoscopy to detect the development of infectious complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 7 cultures from 7 patients were positive. Four were obtained post-ERCP (two patients in group I and two in group II) and the remaining three before endoscopy. The post-ERCP isolated bacteria were: Streptococcus mitis, Peptoestreptococcus anaerobious, Moraxella spp and Escherichia coli. Two patients, one from each group, developed post-ERCP cholangitis that were solved with medical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that ERCP induce bacteremia in a small group of patients and suggest that prophylactic administration of clindamicine plus gentamicine does not reduce the incidence of bacteremia and cholangitis, and do not support the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics prior to ERCP.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopy Unit, Institut Clinic de Malalties Digestives, and Microbiology Department, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, IDIBAPS, Spain. jllach@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llach
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bordas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almela
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellisé
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández-Esparrach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ginès
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Elizalde
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Piqué
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D002981:Clindamycin