title: Cost utility for penetrating keratoplasty in patients with poor binocular vision.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses are of increasing importance to clinicians and health policy experts. This study determines the costs in Germany and other countries in relation to gain of utility for patients with bilateral poor vision owing to corneal disease undergoing penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in 1 eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost-utility analysis was performed using retrospective clinical data and high-level evidence-based data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients (mean age, 46.3 years) with bilateral poor vision who underwent PK for corneal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual acuity and utility values were obtained before and 1 year after PK and after suture removal. A 10-year graft survival rate of 80% was assumed. Expenses included costs for the corneal transplant and surgery, medication, and optical rehabilitation. A discount rate of 5% was applied for costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Cost-utility analysis encompassed a 10-year period after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of QALYs was calculated for the study group undergoing PK. This was divided into the cost of the procedure to get the number of euros spent per QALY gained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median binocular preoperative visual acuity was -log mean angle of resolution (-logMAR) 0.91+/-0.53 (Snellen equivalent 20/160) yielding a utility value of 0.67. After suture removal and optical rehabilitation, binocular visual acuity increased to median -logMAR 0.36+/-0.36 (20/46) with a utility value of 0.79. Over the 10 years after surgery and considering graft survival and discounting, a cost utility of 9551 euros per QALY was gained (equivalent to US11,557 dollars). One-way sensitivity analysis yielded a range from 7706 euros to 12874 euros per QALY, highlighting the robustness of the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although an expensive procedure, PK is cost effective in patients with bilateral poor vision.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Muenchen, Germany. Christoph.Hirneiss@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hirneiss
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niedermeier
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Messmer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulbig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kampik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000191:economics; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000191:economics*; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity