title: Laparoscopic surgery for benign lesions of the pancreas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery, although known to be feasible and safe, is still not considered a standard procedure. We report our experience with laparoscopic pancreatic surgery in a retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen consecutive patients (3 male, 12 female) underwent primarily laparoscopic pancreatic surgery from February 2000 to June 2005. Histologically confirmed diagnoses were: neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors (n = 11), adult nesidioblastosis (n = 1), serous cystadenoma (n = 1), and pseudocysts due to chronic pancreatitis (n = 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enucleation (n = 3) or left pancreatic resection with spleen preservation (n = 6) was performed laparoscopically in 9 patients. The mean (+/-standard deviation) operative time was 173 +/- 48 minutes (range, 120-250 minutes) and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.5 +/- 1.2 days (range, 5-8 days) for the laparoscopic cases. Conversion to open surgery was necessary in 6 patients because of: closeness of the lesion to the portal/mesenteric vein (n = 3), inadequate intraoperative tumor localization (n = 2), or stapler device dysfunction (n = 1). In these patients, open enucleation (n = 1), middle segment pancreatectomy (n = 2), left pancreatic resection (n = 2), and pylorus-preserving Whipple resection (n = 1) were performed. The mean operative time was 268 +/- 74 minutes (range, 150-360 minutes) with a mean postoperative hospital stay of 8 +/- 2 days (range, 6-10 days). Both operative time and hospital stay were significantly longer in patients with secondary open surgery compared to patients with successful laparoscopic operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic enucleation or distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation for benign lesions located in the body or tail of the pancreas can be performed safely, with all the potential benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Preoperative tumor localization is of utmost importance to limit pancreatic mobilization and to avoid blind pancreatic resection and conversion to open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hôpital Cantonal Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Giger
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiesli
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Krähenbühl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult