Prognostic value of D-dimer in patients with pulmonary embolism.
D-dimer levels appear to be associated with the extent of the thromboembolic burden in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). We therefore hypothesized that D-dimer levels at admission would be associated with prospective risk of mortality in patients with PE. We used data from 366 patients diagnosed with PE at four hospital emergency departments. A highly sensitive D-dimer test was prospectively performed at admission. The outcome was overall mortality within three months. We divided patients into quartiles on the basis of their D-dimer levels and compared mortality rates by quartile. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for mortality in the first and fourth quartile. Overall mortality was 5.2%. Patients who died had higher median D-dimer levels than patients who survived (4578 versus 2946 microg/l; p = 0.005). Mortality increased with increasing D-dimer levels, rising from 1.1% in the first quartile (<1500 microg/l) to 9.1% in the fourth quartile (>5500 microg/l) (P = 0.049). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of D-dimer levels <1500 microg/l to predict mortality were 95%, 26%, 7%, and 99%, respectively. Patients with PE who have D-dimer levels below 1500 microg/l have a very low mortality. Further studies must assess whether D-dimer, alone or combined with other prognostic instruments for PE, can be used to identify low-risk patients with PE who are potential candidates for outpatient treatment or an abbreviated hospital stay.
Aujesky
Drahomir
D
Division of Internal Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. drahomir.aujesky@chuv.ch
Roy
Pierre-Marie
PM
Guy
Meyer
M
Cornuz
Jacques
J
Sanchez
Olivier
O
Perrier
Arnaud
A
D000368:Aged; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis
D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D