title: Choice between single and multiple reinforcers in concurrent-chains schedules.
abstract: Pigeons responded on concurrent-chains schedules with equal variable-interval schedules as initial links. One terminal link delivered a single reinforcer after a fixed delay, and the other terminal link delivered either three or five reinforcers, each preceded by a fixed delay. Some conditions included a postreinforcer delay after the single reinforcer to equate the total durations of the two terminal links, but other conditions did not include such a postreinforcer delay. With short initial links, preference for the single-reinforcer alternative decreased when a postreinforcer delay was present, but with long initial links, the postreinforcer delays had no significant effect on preference. In conditions with a postreinforcer delay, preference for the single-reinforcer alternative frequently switched from above 50% to below 50% as the initial links were lengthened. This pattern of results was consistent with delay-reduction theory (Squires & Fantino, 1971), but not with the contextual-choice model (Grace, 1994) or the hyperbolic value-added model (Mazur, 2001) as they have usually been applied. However, the hyperbolic value-added model could account for the results if its calculations were expanded to include reinforcers delivered in later terminal links. The implications of these findings for models of concurrent-chains performance are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven 06515, USA. mazurj1@southernct.edu
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Mazur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001070:Appetitive Behavior; D001245:Association Learning; D002755:Choice Behavior; D010856:Columbidae; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D009042:Motivation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule