title: Re-evaluation of the cost effectiveness of temozolomide for malignant gliomas in British Columbia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To re-evaluate the cost effectiveness and median overall survival (OS) achieved in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas treated with temozolomide in British Columbia, as compared to previous lomustine use in the same patient population based on updated outcomes data. Results were also compared to temozolomide literature reports.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify patients who received single agent temozolomide or lomustine during successive, prespecified time periods. Data were collected on survival, duration of therapy, drug cost, labour and supplies, and successive or prior chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-one patients in the temozolomide group and 25 patients in the lomustine group were analysed. The median OS was 33.3 weeks (95% CI 28.4, 42.1 weeks) and 37.7 weeks (95% CI 25.0, 88.4 weeks) respectively (P = 0.783). Temozolomide patients received a mean of 5.1 cycles of drug treatment, with a mean cost per patient of 10746 dollars (CAD). In contrast, lomustine patients received a mean of 3.3 cycles of therapy, with a mean cost per patient of 129 dollars (CAD). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that temozolomide was generally not a cost-effective strategy and that lomustine was the dominant strategy. In the sensitivity analysis, in scenarios where median OS was prolonged with temozolomide as compared to lomustine, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for each life year gained ranged from 32,247 dollars to 162,186 dollars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No difference in survival was observed between patients treated with single agent lomustine and temozolomide. Based on the higher cost and lack of additional clinical benefit of temozolomide, lomustine is a more cost-effective treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
authors.forename: Vincent H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Mabasa
authors.forename: Suzanne C M
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D001955:British Columbia; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D000077204:Temozolomide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D008130:Lomustine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide