Synergism of CAY-1 with amphotericin B and itraconazole.
BACKGROUND
CAY-1 is a fungicidal saponin from cayenne pepper whose mode of action differs from amphotericin B (AB) and itraconazole (IT). This work determined CAY-1 synergism with AB or IT.


METHODS
CAY-1 was purified and used in checkerboard microdilution studies where CAY-1 and AB or IT were mixed with nongerminated (NG) and germinating (G) conidia of three Aspergillus species and Candida albicans. Inhibition was visually determined at 24 and 48 h.


RESULTS
CAY-1 had predominantly additive-synergistic interaction with AB or IT against the Aspergillus NG and G conidia. Excellent synergy between CAY-1 and AB occurred at 24 and 48 h against C. albicans. Results suggest CAY-1 enhances AB and IT efficacy.
De Lucca
A J
AJ
Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, La. 70124, USA. adelucca@srrc.ars.usda.gov
Bland
J M
JM
Boue
S
S
Vigo
C B
CB
Cleveland
T E
TE
Walsh
T J
TJ
D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002212:Capsicum; D004338:Drug Combinations; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013256:Steroids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
D000935:Antifungal Agents; C472966:CAY-I; D004338:Drug Combinations; D028321:Plant Preparations; D012503:Saponins; D013256:Steroids; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B