Degradation of trichothecene mycotoxins by chicken intestinal microbes.
The degradation of 12 trichothecene mycotoxins by chicken intestinal microbes was monitored by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-mass spectrometry under positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. Two pathways were observed: deacylation and deepoxidation. Essentially complete conversions to the deepoxy metabolites were observed for the non-acylated trichothecenes 4-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and verrucarol. However, deacetylation was the predominant pathway for the monoacetyl trichothecenes 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), and fusarenon X. Small amounts of the deepoxy metabolites were observed from 15ADON and large amounts from 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol where steric hindrance protected the C-15 acetyl groups from enzymatic attack. Diacetylated trichothecenes diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol exhibited only deacetylation. The larger isovaleryl functionality was resistant to removal and deepoxidation was the prevalent reaction in HT-2 toxin and T-2 triol, whereas T2 toxin showed only deacetylation.
Young
J Christopher
JC
Food Research Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 5C9. youngjc@agr.gc.ca
Zhou
Ting
T
Yu
Hai
H
Zhu
Honghui
H
Gong
Jianhua
J
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D011042:Poisons / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
D011042:Poisons; D014255:Trichothecenes