Attenuation of leptin and insulin signaling by SOCS proteins.
Leptin and insulin are key hormones involved in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Development of resistance to the action of these hormones, which can occur with age, obesity and inflammation, appears to have a prime role in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Specific members of the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of proteins are now thought to have a role in the development of leptin and insulin resistance owing to their ability to inhibit leptin and insulin signaling pathways. In the case of leptin, current evidence suggests that SOCS3 appears to be of particular importance in the development of leptin resistance, whereas the ability to diminish insulin action has been described for several SOCS proteins (SOCS1, SOCS3, SOCS6 and SOCS7).
Howard
Jane K
JK
Endocrine Unit, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 ONN, UK.
Flier
Jeffrey S
JS
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
D007328:Insulin; C515448:LEPR protein, human; D020738:Leptin; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; C473085:SOCS6 protein, human; C108775:SOCS7 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D011972:Receptor, Insulin