title: Associations of iron status with dietary and other factors in 6-year-old children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the associations of iron status at 6 years of age with dietary and other factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, children's dietary intakes (3-day weighed food record) were recorded, body size was measured and blood samples were taken near their sixth birthday.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 188 children, from two previous studies (cohorts 1 and 2), was contacted, and 139 (74%) agreed to participate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analyses with dietary and other factors showed that meat and fish consumption, multivitamin/mineral supplement intake (both positively) and cow's milk product consumption (negatively) were associated with log serum ferritin (SF) (adjusted R (2)=0.125; P=0.028; n=129), and juices and residence (rural>urban) with haemoglobin (Hb) (adjusted R (2)=0.085; P=0.034; n=127). Of 21 multivitamin/mineral consumers, none had depleted iron stores compared to 21 iron-depleted of 108 non-consumers (P=0.024). Children living in rural areas (<10,000 inhabitants) (n=33) had higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (83.3+/-2.3 fl) than those living in urban areas (>10,000 inhabitants) (82.1+/-3.2 fl; n=103) (P=0.048). Multiple regression analyses with dietary and other factors and growth showed in cohort 1 that residence (rural>urban), weight gain 0-1years (negatively), and meat and fish intake (positively) were associated with Hb (adjusted R (2)=0.323; P=0.030; n=51), meat and fish (positively) with both log SF (adjusted R (2)=0.069; P=0.035; n=52) and MCV (adjusted R (2)=0.064; P=0.035; n=52), and in cohort 2 cow's milk product consumption (negatively) was associated with log SF (adjusted R (2)=0.119; P=0.017; n=41) and residence (rural>urban) with MCV (adjusted R (2)=0.102; P=0.025; n=41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of meat and fish and possibly also juices, as well as multivitamin/mineral intake might affect iron status in 6-year-old children positively, whereas cow's milk product consumption might affect iron status negatively. Slower growth in the first year of life and rural residence are positively related to iron status of 6-year-olds.
authors.affiliation: Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-University Hospital & Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. bsg@hi.is
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thorsdottir
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palsson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012423:Rural Health; D017747:Seafood; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D014131:Trace Elements; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron