title: Temperature acclimation modifies sinoatrial pacemaker mechanism of the rainbow trout heart.
abstract: The hypothesis of pacemaker level origin of thermal compensation in heart rate was tested by recording action potentials (AP) in intact sinoatrial tissue and enzymatically isolated pacemaker cells of rainbow trout acclimated at 4 degrees C (cold) and 18 degrees C (warm). With electrophysiological recordings, the primary pacemaker was located at the base of the sinoatrial valve, where a morphologically distinct ring of tissue comprising myocytes and neural elements was found by histological examination. Intrinsic beating rate of this pacemaker was higher in cold-acclimated (46 +/- 6 APs/min) than warm-acclimated trout (38 +/- 3 APs/min; P < 0.05), and a similar difference was seen in beating rate of isolated pacemaker cells (44 +/- 6 vs. 38 +/- 6 APs/min; P < 0.05), supporting the hypothesis that thermal acclimation modifies the intrinsic pacemaker mechanism of fish heart. Inhibition of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) with 10 microM ryanodine and 1 microM thapsigargin did not affect heart rate in either warm- or cold-acclimated trout at 11 degrees C but reduced heart rate in warm-acclimated trout from 74 +/- 2 to 42 +/- 6 APs/min (P < 0.05) at 18 degrees C. At 11 degrees C, a half-maximal blockade of the delayed rectifier K+ current (I(Kr)) with 0.1 microM E-4031 reduced heart rate more in warm-acclimated (from 45 +/- 1 to 24 +/- 5 APs/min) than cold-acclimated trout (56 +/- 3 vs. 48 +/- 2 APs/min), whereas I(Kr) density was higher and AP duration less in cold-acclimated trout (P > 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that a cold-induced increase in AP discharge frequency is at least partly due to higher density of the I(Kr) in the cold-acclimated trout, whereas contribution of SR Ca2+ release to thermal compensation of heart rate is negligible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haverinen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vornanen
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D048429:Cell Size; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008839:Microelectrodes; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012433:Ryanodine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013696:Temperature; D019284:Thapsigargin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D051668:Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels; D010880:Piperidines; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011725:Pyridines; C063968:E 4031; D012433:Ryanodine; D019284:Thapsigargin