title: Driving circumstances and accidents among novice drivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study evaluated the accident risk of certain driving circumstances and driving motives among novice drivers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported exposure and accidents according to driving circumstances and driving motives were compared between young (n = 6,847) and middle-aged (n = 942) male and female novice drivers. For young drivers, self-reported accidents were further compared to fatal accidents (n = 645) in terms of the driving conditions in which they occurred. The survey was conducted in 2002 and the questions regarding the quantity and quality of driving exposure and accidents covered the first four years of the novice drivers' driving career after licensing. Data on fatal accidents related to the period of 1990 to 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leisure-time driving, driving just for fun, and driving with passengers and during evenings and at night was more typical for young drivers than for middle-aged drivers. For middle-aged drivers, the most typical driving was driving to or from work. Driving on errands was more typical for females than males. Nighttime driving was overrepresented in young drivers' self-reported and fatal accidents, compared to the share of young drivers' driving at night. Slippery road conditions were over-represented in young male drivers' self-reported accidents, but not in their fatal accidents, whereas for young females slippery road conditions seemed to increase the propensity of fatal accidents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study concluded that some driving conditions increase the risk of certain types of accidents among certain driver groups, but not among all drivers. For example, slippery road conditions were overrepresented in young male drivers' minor (self-reported) accidents, but not in their fatal accidents. For young female drivers slippery road conditions seem to increase the propensity of fatal accidents. Driving circumstances are different in minor (self-reported) and fatal accidents. When drawing conclusions regarding accident risk, it is important to determine the seriousness of the accidents which take place.
authors.affiliation: University of Turku, Department of Psychology, Turku, Finland. sirkku.laapotti@utu.fi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laapotti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keskinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatakka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hernetkoski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peräaho
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salo
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires