title: Parametric evaluation of methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine and methotrimeprazine-midazolam-ketamine-xylazine combination in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the parameters of dogs anesthetized by different dissociative drugs protocols through continuous intravenous infusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy dogs of both sexes were assigned randomly to three groups (G1, G2, and G3). G1 was administered with methotrimeprazine as a pre-anesthetic medication, intravenously midazolam-ketamine as bolus for induction and midazolam-ketamine by continuous intravenous infusion for a 60 minute-period of maintenance. G2: the same as for G1. plus an increase in the midazolam dose during maintenance. G3: the same treatment as for G2, plus the addition of xylazine during maintenance. Immediately after induction the anesthetic maintenance started, and measures were taken 15 minutes after pre-medication, at 10 minutes intervals, during maintenance (M0 to M7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bradycardia, atrioventricular blockage, bradypnea and hypoxemia were shown in G3. G1 and G2 showed a slight hypotension only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were some advantages by using the continuous intravenous via: no parameters oscillation and reduction in the anesthetic recovery period. The increase in midazolam dose brought about little parametric variations which were greater when xylazine was used, with a consequent hypoxemia, bradyarrhytmia, and decrease in respiratory frequency and minute volume.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Laboratory of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Julio de Mesquita Filho University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo José Von Glehn dos
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatschbach
authors.forename: Ewaldo de
authors.initials: Ed
authors.lastname: Mattos Júnior
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massone
mesh_terms: D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008728:Methotrimeprazine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000379:methods; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D008728:Methotrimeprazine; D008874:Midazolam