The clinical pharmacology of cyclooxygenase-2-selective and dual inhibitors.
Over the past decade, there have been several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) introduced in veterinary medicine with an increased gastrointestinal safety profile consistent with a cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-sparing effect. More recently, an NSAID with additional 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity has also been approved for use. Although it is tempting to equate in vitro COX-2/COX-1 and 5-LOX inhibition to overall in vivo safety, the data do not support this approach. The true overall safety for any individual compound is based on its evaluation in laboratory margin-of-safety studies, reproductive safety studies, and blind multicenter field studies in client-owned animals. Therefore, when choosing a COX-2-selective or dual-inhibitor NSAID for clinical use, all in vivo data must be taken into account to understand comparative safety, and continued use must be based on the drug's performance in the individual being treated. Until head-to-head trials in multicenter blind studies are published, comments on comparative safety and effectiveness must be reserved.
Clark
Terrence P
TP
Department of Biology Research and Technology Acquisitions, Elanco Animal Health, A Division of Eli Lilly and Company, 2001 West Main Street, GL14, Greenfield, IN 46140, USA. clarktp@lilly.com
D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002415:Cats; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs; D017308:Etodolac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077239:Meloxicam; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000662:veterinary; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013450:Sulfones; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D017308:Etodolac; C007005:carprofen; D015107:4-Butyrolactone; C073135:tepoxalin; D000077239:Meloxicam; C487384:firocoxib