title: Transesophageal echocardiography through nasal way as a guide to percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale.
abstract: Percutaneous device closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has become an effective and safe alternative to medical or surgery treatment. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), as commonly used to guide this procedure, has the limitation to require general anesthesia. Recently, intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) with AcuNav probe was used to guide percutaneous PFO closure. We report a 42 year-old man with two previous cryptogenetic strokes in whom both diagnosis and guidance of PFO closure were performed by means of TEE using the AcuNav catheter introduced through nasal way (TEENW). This technique, that does not require general anesthesia, provided adequate and complete view of the Amplatzer procedure. TEENW might offer a feasible and equivalent echocardiographic alternative either to standard TEE or ICE as a guide to percutaneous PFO closure.
authors.affiliation: II Division of Cardiology, Department of the Heart and Great Vessels, University La Sapienza, Via R. Zandonai 86, 00194 Rome, Italy. demetrio.tallarico@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Demetrio
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tallarico
authors.forename: Pier Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chiavari
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mollo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campolongo
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gaudio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology