title: Polychlorinated naphthalenes in Great lakes air: assessing spatial trends and combustion inputs using PUF disk passive air samplers.
abstract: Passive air samplers made from polyurethane foam (PUF) disks housed in stainless steel chambers were deployed over four seasons during 2002-2003, at 15 sites in the Laurentian Great lakes, to assess spatial and temporal trends of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). Sampling rates, determined using depuration compounds pre-spiked into the PUF disk prior to exposure, were, on average, 2.9 +/- 1.1 m3 d(-1), consistent with previous studies employing these samplers. PCN air concentrations exhibited strong urban-rural differences-typically a few pg m(-3) at rural sites and an order of magnitude higher at urban sites (Toronto, 12-31 pg m(-3) and Chicago,13-52 pg m(-3)). The high concentrations at urban sites were attributed to continued emissions of historically used technical PCN. Contributions from combustion-derived PCNs seemed to be more important at rural locations where congeners 24 and 50, associated with wood and coal burning, were elevated. Congener 66/67, associated with incineration and other industrial thermal processes, was elevated at two sites and explained by nearby and/or upwind sources. Probability density maps were constructed for each site and for every integration period were shown to be a useful complement to seasonally integrated passive sampling data to resolve source-receptor relationship for PCNs and other pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4. tom.harner@ec.gc.ca
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harner
authors.forename: Mahiba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoeib
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gouin
authors.forename: Pierrette
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchard
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000032:analysis*; D011786:Quality Control
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D009281:Naphthalenes