Sustained conservation of CD4+ T cells in multiprotein triple modality-immunized rhesus macaques after intrarectal challenge with simian immunodeficiency virus.
As part of a European multicenter study designed to determine the optimal combination and order of a mixed-modality vaccine against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rhesus monkeys received a combination of three different vectors, all expressing the same Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) genes followed by mucosal challenge with highly pathogenic SIV. In the study reported here, animals were primed with DNA followed by one booster immunization with Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) and two immunizations with modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA). To address the relevance of mucosal immunization, we compared systemic versus a combination of systemic and mucosal antigen application. Although all vaccinees became infected after intrarectal challenge with SIV, most (six of eight) were protected from profound loss of CD4+ cells. In addition, vaccinees showed lower viral loads than did controls (p < 0.05). Overall, these protective effects were more pronounced in those animals whose schedule included immunization via the mucosa. In summary, the vaccine regimen used here achieved one important criterion of efficacy: the suppression of disease development as indicated by conservation of CD4+ cells.
Stolte-Leeb
Nicole
N
German Primate Center, Department of Virology and Immunology, Göttingen, Germany.
Sauermann
Ulrike
U
Norley
Stephen
S
Fagrouch
Zahra
Z
Heeney
Jonathan
J
Franz
Monika
M
Hunsmann
Gerhard
G
Stahl-Hennig
Christiane
C
D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007114:Immunization; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D012672:Semliki forest virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA