[Drug-related disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism].
Pharmacologic treatment may lead to diverse disturbances of water and electrolyte metabolism as adverse drug events. Diuretics are particularly likely to cause these complications typically including volume depletion, metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, and hypokalemia. Salt and water retention with edema formation is most frequently elicited by antihypertensives, steroid hormones, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug-induced disorders of Na+ concentration may usually be attributed to altered antidiuretic hormone (ADH) effects, either as diabetes insipidus or as the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. With hyper- and hypokalemia, redistribution between intra- and extracellular fluid as well as renal excretion play a role. Strategies to prevent these adverse drug reactions include careful consideration of risk factors and clinical and laboratory controls in the course of treatment.
Dendorfer
U
U
Klinikum Schwabing, Städtisches Klinikum München GmbH, Kölner Platz 1, 80804 , München. Ulrich.Dendorfer@kms.mhn.de
Mann
J
J
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones