title: Effects of electrical stimulation of the raphe area on the micturition reflex in cats.
abstract: The raphe nucleus has a variety of physiological functions, including emotion, regulation of skeletal muscle motoneurons, spinal transmission of nociceptive signals, sleep, respiration, gastric motility, and cardiovascular function. Recent evidence has shown that centrally administered serotonin has modulatory effects on micturition function, and that decreased brain serotonin might underlie depression and an overactive bladder. We applied high-frequency stimulation (HFS; 0.2-ms duration, 100 Hz) in the raphe nucleus and the adjacent midline area in 20 supracollicular decerebrate cats, which mostly elicited inhibition of the micturition reflex. The effective amplitude of the electrical stimulation for evoking inhibitory responses was less than 50 muA. We also examined single neuronal activities in the raphe nucleus in response to isovolumetric spontaneous micturition reflexes. In total, 79 neurons were recorded in the raphe nucleus that were related to urinary storage/micturition cycles. Of the neurons recorded, the most common were tonic storage neurons (48%), followed by tonic micturition neurons (28%), phasic storage neurons (18%), and phasic micturition neurons (6%). In addition to the tonic/phasic as well as storage/micturition classification, the neurons showed diverse discharge patterns: augmenting, constant and decrementing, with the constant discharge pattern being most common. Among neurons in the raphe nucleus, the neurons with a decrementing discharge pattern were concentrated in the rostral portion, whereas the augmenting and constant neurons existed diffusely. The storage and micturition neurons were intermingled in the rostral portion, whereas they were separate in the caudal portion. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that HFS of the raphe area inhibits the micturition reflex and that there are micturition-related neuronal firings in the raphe area in cats, suggesting that the raphe nucleus is involved in neural control of micturition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. takashi_ito@orange.plala.or.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011903:Raphe Nuclei / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000172:deficiency; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin