title: Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome in a child following carbon monoxide poisoning.
abstract: Here, we report the case of a five-year-old boy with carbonic monoxide (CO) poisoning. The patient initially recovered after the initiation of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, but lethargy as well as visual and gait disturbances appeared two days later. Left hemiparesis and mood lability also subsequently appeared. Slow frontal activity was noted on electroencephalography, while fluid-attenuation inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal-intensity lesions in the hippocampus and deeper layers of the occipital and frontal cerebral cortex. The neurological symptoms subsided gradually during the 10-day course of HBO therapy, but the left-hand paresis and quadrantic hemianopsia persisted, in association with impaired attention, slow mental processing, and incontinence. Lesions in the globus pallidum were noted on follow-up MRI at 14 days, and cortical lesions became evident as linear, low signal-intensity areas on T1-weighted imaging 4 months after presentation. Delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome in CO poisoning is rare in childhood, although children should be carefully monitored after CO exposure. The finding of cortical laminar necrosis in this patient is quite atypical in CO poisoning, and suggests a broader and previously nonpredicted pathomechanism in this condition.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Child Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan. holbergs@nifty.com
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Chitose
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maegaki
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Kousaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D006423:Hemianopsia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D010291:Paresis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone