title: The frequency of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy female adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the frequency and causes of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy female adolescents in Izmir, Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  64 adolescents from a low--(Ikinci Inönü) and a high--(Ilica) socio-economic settlement were included. Parents' monthly income was classified as low, middle and high. The blood samples were drawn at the end of the summer and winter periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vitamin D insufficiency percentages for the end-of-winter period were 59.4% in Ikinci Inönü and 15.6% in Ilica, and for the end of summer 25% and 15.6%, respectively. Calcidiol levels of cases from Ikinci Inönü were found to be lower compared with the levels of cases from Ilica (34+/-15 vs 59+/-24 nmol/l for end of winter, p=0.000; 51+/-22 vs 65+/-28 nmol/l for end of summer, p=0.03). Calcidiol levels of cases whose parental monthly income was low and whose mothers were illiterate were significantly lower than the others (48+/-18 vs 65+/-29 nmol/l for end of summer, p=0.01; 33+/-16 vs 56+/-23 nmol/l for end of winter, p=0.000; 45+/-13 vs 64+/-29 nmol/l for end of summer, p=0.007; 36+/-17 vs 51+/-25 nmol/l for end of winter, p=0.02; respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D insufficiency was frequent, especially in the end-of-winter period. Basic risk factors were low socio-economic status, illiteracy of mothers and low calcium intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Duygu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olmez
authors.forename: Ece
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bober
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buyukgebiz
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cimrin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001835:Body Weight; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012923:Social Class; D013472:Sunlight; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002112:Calcifediol