title: A vulnerability study of the low-income elderly in the context of high temperature and mortality in Seoul, Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the impact of environmental high temperature on mortality in Seoul, Korea, and the consequences of high temperature-induced mortality with a focus on the low-income elderly.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in the risk of death by age and income were estimated by a 1 degrees C increase in temperature using a generalized additive model adjusting for non-temperature related factors: time trends, seasonality, and air pollution. The study covered the years of 2000, 2001, and 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that income and age were potential factors in high-temperature-induced excess mortality. Evidences to support these results are as follows: first, regarding the effect of an economic factor in the association between mortality and high temperature, the study shows that the mortality rate of the low-income group is higher, by as much as 1.3- to 1.7-fold, than that of the general population. Second, taking age into consideration, the mortality of low-income elderly people is 1.5-fold higher than that of the whole low-income group. The combined effect of income and age on mortality is estimated as 2.3-fold higher than that of the general population. But the results of the low-income and elderly group were not statistically significant due to wide standard deviation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relationship between high-temperature-induced excess mortality, income, and age suggests the need for a public health message, yet many results were not statistically significant: preventive and health care interventions need to be administered to the elderly and low-income group during periods of high temperature.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental Studies Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea. kym6706@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Youngmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seunghun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joh
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data