title: Impact of an Arthritis Self-Management Programme with an added exercise component for osteoarthritic knee sufferers on improving pain, functional outcomes, and use of health care services: An experimental study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an adopted Arthritis Self-Management Programme (ASMP) with an added exercise component among osteoarthritic knee sufferers in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental study with 88 participants assigned to an intervention group and 94 participants to a control group. One hundred and forty-nine participants (81.9%) completed the 1 week and 120 participants (65.6%) the 16 week post-intervention assessments. Participants in the intervention group received a 6-week ASMP with an added exercise component. Outcome measures included arthritic pain and fatigue rating, practice of light exercise routines, functional status, and number of unplanned arthritis-related medical consultations. To assess the programme's effect on outcome measures, the between-groups and within-group mean changes were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 16 weeks, there were significant mean changes between groups in four outcome measures: reduction in arthritis pain (p=0.0001) and fatigue (p=0.008), and increased duration of weekly light exercise practice (p=0.0001) and knee flexion (p=0.004). The ability to perform daily activities and the number of unplanned arthritis-related medical consultations show statistically significant improvements between three time-points within the intervention group only (p=0.0001 and p=0.005, respectively), but not between-groups (p=0.14 and p=0.86, respectively). Both groups apparently had no changes in muscle strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the intervention had a positive effect in reducing pain, fatigue, knee range of motion, the practice of exercise routines, the number of medical consultations and in improving functional status and over a 16-week period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The self-management programme we applied took into account the local context and the ethnicity of the group. This process is worth further exploration and testing in different groups.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China. yipvera@gmail.com
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Janet W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sit
authors.forename: Karin K Y
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Doris Y S
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Samantha Y C
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019468:Disease Management; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012657:Self-Help Groups / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires