title: Characterization of a two-component high-affinity nitrate uptake system in Arabidopsis. Physiology and protein-protein interaction.
abstract: The identification of a family of NAR2-type genes in higher plants showed that there was a homolog in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), AtNAR2.1. These genes encode part of a two-component nitrate high-affinity transport system (HATS). As the Arabidopsis NRT2 gene family of nitrate transporters has been characterized, we tested the idea that AtNAR2.1 and AtNRT2.1 are partners in a two-component HATS. Results using the yeast split-ubiquitin system and Xenopus oocyte expression showed that the two proteins interacted to give a functional HATS. The growth and nitrogen (N) physiology of two Arabidopsis gene knockout mutants, atnrt2.1-1 and atnar2.1-1, one for each partner protein, were compared. Both types of plants had lost HATS activity at 0.2 mm nitrate, but the effect was more severe in atnar2.1-1 plants. The relationship between plant N status and nitrate transporter expression revealed a pattern that was characteristic of N deficiency that was again stronger in atnar2.1-1. Plants resulting from a cross between both mutants (atnrt2.1-1 x atnar2.1-1) showed a phenotype like that of the atnar2.1-1 mutant when grown in 0.5 mm nitrate. Lateral root assays also revealed growth differences between the two mutants, confirming that atnar2.1-1 had a stronger phenotype. To show that the impaired HATS did not result from the decreased expression of AtNRT2.1, we tested if constitutive root expression of a tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) gene, NpNRT2.1, previously been shown to complement atnrt2.1-1, can restore HATS to the atnar2.1-1 mutant. These plants did not recover wild-type nitrate HATS. Taken together, these results show that AtNAR2.1 is essential for HATS of nitrate in Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Crop Performance and Improvement Division, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orsel
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chopin
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Leleu
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krapp
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Daniel-Vedele
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009154:Mutation; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009865:Oocytes; D011485:Protein Binding; D013997:Time Factors; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; C477335:NRT2.1 protein, Arabidopsis; C516470:NAR2.1 protein, Arabidopsis