title: Xenoendocrine pollutants may reduce size of sexual organs in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus).
abstract: Reproductive organs from 55 male and 44 female East Greenland polar bears were examined to investigate the potential negative impact from organohalogen pollutants (OHCs). Multiple regressions normalizing for age showed a significant inverse relationship between OHCs and testis length and baculum length and weight, respectively, and was found in both subadults (dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethanes, dieldrin, chlordanes, hexacyclohexanes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)) and adults (hexachlorobenzene [HCB]) (all p < 0.05). Baculum bone mineral densities decreased with increasing chlordanes, DDTs, and HCB in subadults and adults, respectively (all p < 0.05). In females, a significant inverse relationship was found between ovary length and sigma PCB (p = 0.03) and sigma CHL (p < 0.01), respectively, and between ovary weight and sigma PBDE (p < 0.01) and uterine horn length and HCB (p = 0.02). The study suggests thatthere is an impact from xenoendocrine pollutants on the size of East Greenland polar bear genitalia. This may pose a riskto this polar bear subpopulation in the future because of reduced sperm and egg quality/quantity and uterus and penis size/robustness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Frederiksborgvej 399, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. csh@dmu.dk
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sonne
authors.forename: Pall S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Leifsson
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Erik W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Letcher
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hyldstrup
authors.forename: Frank F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Riget
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirkegaard
authors.forename: Derek C G
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000506:poisoning*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006116:Greenland; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000506:poisoning*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D010413:Penis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D001503:Ursidae / Q000254:growth & development*; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated