title: Chronic binge ethanol consumption accelerates progression of simian immunodeficiency virus disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While alcohol consumption is known to increase the incidence and severity of infections, the impact of alcohol consumption on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression has been difficult to assess. Therefore, we examined the effect of ethanol on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) disease progression in a well-defined model utilizing rhesus macaques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol was administered for 5 hours via an indwelling intragastric catheter to achieve an alcohol concentration of 50 to 60 mM for 4 consecutive days per week for the duration of the study. Control animals received isocaloric sucrose. After 3 months, animals were inoculated intravenously with 10,000 times the ID(50) of SIV(DeltaB670) and followed to end-stage disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma SIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) was higher in alcohol-consuming animals compared with sucrose-treated animals during the early asymptomatic stage of disease but not at later time points. This increase in viral set point was associated with more rapid progression to end-stage disease in macaques administered alcohol (median=374 days) compared with sucrose (median=900 days). The decline in blood CD4+ cells was similar in both groups of animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that frequent episodes of alcohol intoxication in SIV+ macaques increase viral set point in association with more rapid development of end-stage disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-1393, USA. gbagby@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bagby
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jeanette E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Purcell
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Didier
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D018450:Disease Progression; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000431:Ethanol