title: Haemaphysalis longicornis: molecular characterization of a homologue of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor from the partially fed ticks.
abstract: The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been identified from some vertebrates and invertebrates. MIF is related to inflammation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in vertebrates. Here, we report the molecular characterization of a homologue of MIF from partially fed Haemaphysalis longicornis. The sequence analysis of the H. longicornis MIF (HlMIF) indicated that its deduced amino acid sequence has an identity of 77% with the MIF of the tick Amblyomma americanum. Western blot analysis using the anti-His-HlMIF antibody showed that HlMIF was up-regulated during blood feeding. Immunohistochemistry showed that the endogenous HlMIF in partially fed ticks was localized to the midgut and epidermal cells. Moreover, the functional assay revealed that the GST-HlMIF inhibited the migration of human monocytes. In conclusion, we consider that HlMIF may facilitate blood feeding by inhibiting host macrophage migration to the feeding lesion or may participate in the proliferation and differentiation of cells in the tick body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagito, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Umemiya
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatta
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Jinlin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D016207:Cytokines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011817:Rabbits; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C437995:MIF protein, Amblyomma americanum