title: Effects of oxygen tension on gene expression in preimplantation mouse embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of atmospheric and physiologic oxygen concentrations on the global patterns of gene expression during mouse preimplantation development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative analysis of in vivo-produced and in vitro-produced embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Control embryos at the blastocyst stage that developed in vivo were collected from uteri. Experimental embryos were obtained at the zygote stage and cultured to the blastocyst stage in Whitten's medium or KSOM medium with amino acids under 20% oxygen (atmospheric) or 5% oxygen (physiologic).
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryo development, cell number, and gene expression assayed by microarray technology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low (physiologic) oxygen concentration is associated with faster embryo development and increased cell number. In addition, there are marked perturbations in the global pattern of gene expression, as assessed by oligonucleotide microarray, after culture in 20% oxygen as compared with 5% oxygen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culture in low oxygen is associated with fewer perturbations in the global pattern of gene expression and more closely resembles that of the in vivo control embryos. These findings provide rationale for culturing human embryos in the presence of 5%, rather than 20%, oxygen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. rinaudo@obgyn.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Paolo F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Rinaudo
authors.forename: Gnanaratnam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giritharan
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Talbi
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002452:Cell Count; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen