title: Acute, severe noncardiac conditions in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study's purpose was to determine the prevalence and prognostic importance of acute, severe, noncardiac conditions present at the time of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified consecutive patients with AMI who were discharged from Yale-New Haven Hospital between January 1, 1997, and June 30, 2000. Acute, noncardiac conditions that were present at admission were abstracted from patient records and graded by severity (imminent threat to life; other significant condition that would warrant admission). We examined the prognostic importance of these conditions on hospital mortality in multivariable logistic models. The study included 1145 patients with AMI, of whom 8.5% (n=97) presented with an acute, life-threatening, noncardiac condition at admission and 19.5% (n=223) presented with another significant noncardiac condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hospital mortality was 25.8% and 9.0%, respectively, for patients who presented with life-threatening and other significant noncardiac conditions, compared with 4.6% for patients without either of these conditions. In multivariable analysis, life-threatening noncardiac conditions were associated with increased hospital mortality after adjusting for demographic factors, medical history, clinical presentation, cardiac severity, and initial therapy (odds ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-5.2). No increased hospital mortality risk was found for other significant noncardiac conditions in the risk-adjusted analyses (odds ratio 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-1.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A subgroup of patients with AMI presented with a life-threatening noncardiac condition, which was associated with a marked increase in the risk of death during the hospitalization. Despite the excessive mortality risk associated with concomitant noncardiac conditions, this subset of patients with AMI are poorly described in current literature.
authors.affiliation: Section of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06520-8088, USA.
authors.forename: Judith H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lichtman
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fathi
authors.forename: Martha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.forename: Zhenqiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Caroline S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Loeser
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000401:mortality*; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index