title: Effect of weight loss and nutritional intervention on arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is increased stiffness of the large central arteries in type 2 diabetic patients, and obesity is a risk factor. However, the effect of intentional weight loss on arterial stiffness is uncertain, and the purpose of the current study was to assess this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) at baseline and at completion of a 1-year weight loss intervention. Metabolic control of type 2 diabetes was also appraised.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean weight loss at 1 year in 38 volunteers with type 2 diabetes was 7.8%. There were improvements in HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein). There was also a significant improvement in aPWV at completion of weight loss intervention, from 740 to 690 cm/s (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate weight loss improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barinas-Mitchell
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton-Tyrrell
authors.forename: Refaat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hegazi
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Juliet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mancino
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kelley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D011674:Pulse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha