title: A comparison of the reach-to-grasp movement between children and adults: a kinematic study.
abstract: In this study, the reach-to-grasp movement of 5-year-old children was compared to that of adults. Participants were required to reach out and grasp objects, with and without on-line visual feedback. Object size and distance were covaried in a within-subjects design and it was found that for both groups, grip formation and reach kinematics were affected by the manipulation of either variable. Although there are a large number of similarities, a few differences between the two groups emerge. For the reaching component, the children revealed a longer movement duration and deceleration time and a lower maximum height of wrist trajectory than in adults. For the grasp component, the children, in both the vision and no-vision condition, show a maximal finger aperture larger than the adults. Further, the children of this study were able to scale their grip aperture according to object size when visual feedback during the movement was lacking. These findings suggest that children adopt different strategies than adults when planning a reach-to-grasp movement on the basis of object size, distance, and the predictability of visual feedback. The results are discussed in terms of the neural mechanisms underlying hand action and how these mechanisms may not be fully developed by the age of 5.
authors.affiliation: Child Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Institute of Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, via Dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy. zoia@burlo.trieste.it
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zoia
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pezzetta
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blason
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scabar
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrozzi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulgheroni
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Castiello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004215:Distance Perception / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012858:Size Perception / Q000502:physiology; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology