title: Regulating insulin signaling and beta-cell function through IRS proteins.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder that arises from various causes, including dysregulated glucose sensing and impaired insulin secretion (maturity onset diabetes of youth, MODY), autoimmune-mediated beta-cell destruction (type 1), or insufficient compensation for peripheral insulin resistance (type 2). Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form that usually occurs at middle age; it afflicts more than 30 million people over the age of 65, but is appearing with greater frequency in children and adolescents. Dysregulated insulin signaling exacerbated by chronic hyperglycemia promotes a cohort of systemic disorders--including dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and female infertility. Understanding the molecular basis of insulin resistance can prevent these disorders and their inevitable progression to type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Karp Family Research Laboratories, Room 4210, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Morris.White@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Morris F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C526297:IRS2 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins