title: An evaluation of a transcutaneous and an end-tidal capnometer for noninvasive monitoring of spontaneously breathing patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since there is a growing use of analgesia and sedation in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic interventions, recommendations by national societies of anesthesiologists call for the application of capnometry during all anesthetic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared readings from a transcutaneous capnometer (Tosca) and an end-tidal capnometer (Microcap Plus) to P(aCO2) measurements made via arterial-blood-gas analysis. We studied 30 spontaneously breathing patients who were recovering from general anesthesia, and we used Bland Altman analysis to compare the capnometry readings to the arterial-blood-gas values. Expiratory gas samples for end-tidal capnometry were taken either from a conventional face mask or an oral/nasal cannula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Tosca significantly overestimates P(aCO2) (mean +/- SD difference 5.6 + 3.4 mm Hg). The Microcap Plus significantly underestimates P(aCO2) (mean +/- SD difference -14.1 +/- 7.4 mm Hg). There was no significant difference between the face mask and oral/nasal cannula with regard to collecting end-tidal samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the Tosca and Microcap Plus provide just an approximate estimation of P(aCO2). Clinical use of these monitors can not be proposed under actual conditions but will be advantageous after correction of the limiting errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Luebeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matz
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneeweiss
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eckmann
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roth-Isigkeit
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hüppe
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gehring
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D019296:Capnography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods*; D012119:Respiration