title: Levels of medical care in the global war on terrorism.
abstract: Trauma care for military personnel injured in Iraq has become increasingly sophisticated. There are five levels, or echelons, of care, each progressively more advanced. Level I care provides immediate first aid at the front line. Level II care consists of surgical resuscitation provided by highly mobile forward surgical teams that directly support combatant units in the field. Level III care is provided through combat support hospitals--large facilities that take time to become fully operational but offer much more advanced medical, surgical, and trauma care, similar to a civilian trauma center. Level IV care is the first echelon at which definitive surgical management is provided outside the combat zone. Level V care is the final stage of evacuation to one of the major military centers in the United States, where definitive stabilization, reconstruction, or amputation of the injured extremity is performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bagg
authors.forename: Dana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Covey
authors.forename: Elisha T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008887:Military Medicine / Q000592:standards*; D023481:Terrorism; D014218:Triage; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*