title: Escherichia coli RNA polymerase recognition of a sigma70-dependent promoter requiring a -35 DNA element and an extended -10 TGn motif.
abstract: Escherichia coli sigma70-dependent promoters have typically been characterized as either -10/-35 promoters, which have good matches to both the canonical -10 and the -35 sequences or as extended -10 promoters (TGn/-10 promoters), which have the TGn motif and an excellent match to the -10 consensus sequence. We report here an investigation of a promoter, P(minor), that has a nearly perfect match to the -35 sequence and has the TGn motif. However, P(minor) contains an extremely poor sigma70 -10 element. We demonstrate that P(minor) is active both in vivo and in vitro and that mutations in either the -35 or the TGn motif eliminate its activity. Mutation of the TGn motif can be compensated for by mutations that make the -10 element more canonical, thus converting the -35/TGn promoter to a -35/-10 promoter. Potassium permanganate footprinting on the nontemplate and template strands indicates that when polymerase is in a stable (open) complex with P(minor), the DNA is single stranded from positions -11 to +4. We also demonstrate that transcription from P(minor) incorporates nontemplated ribonucleoside triphosphates at the 5' end of the P(minor) transcript, which results in an anomalous assignment for the start site when primer extension analysis is used. P(minor) represents one of the few -35/TGn promoters that have been characterized and serves as a model for investigating functional differences between these promoters and the better-characterized -10/-35 and extended -10 promoters used by E. coli RNA polymerase.
authors.affiliation: Gene Expression and Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 8, Room 2A-13, Bethesda, MD 20892-0830, USA.
authors.forename: India
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hook-Barnard
authors.forename: Xanthia B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Deborah M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hinton
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012808:Sigma Factor; C081775:RNA polymerase sigma 70; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases