title: Racial disparity in survival among patients with advanced/recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have reported shorter survival of black women compared with white women who had advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer. It has been suggested that this may reflect racially based differences in treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively reviewed data from 169 black women and 982 white women with International Federation of Gynecologic Oncology (FIGO) Stage III, Stage IV, or recurrent endometrial carcinoma who were participants in 1 of 4 Gynecologic Oncology Group randomized treatment trials of doxorubicin alone or combined with paclitaxel and/or cisplatin. Demographic, histologic, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed to estimate survival, and between-group comparisons were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled data revealed that black women were more likely to have papillary serous histology (P < .001), Stage IV disease (P < .001), and higher tumor grade (P < .001) compared with white women, and survival was worse among black women than among white women (median survival, 10.6 months vs. 12.2 months, respectively; P < .001). A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis that was adjusted for performance status, disease stage, tumor histology, tumor grade, and treatment demonstrated worse survival for black women (hazards ratio, 1.26, 95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.51; P = .010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from a large group of women with advanced/recurrent endometrial cancer suggested that a racial disparity in survival persists, despite the finding that black women and white women received similar treatment. Although the causes of racial disparity in endometrial cancer remain to be elucidated, socioeconomic, biologic, and cultural factors should be investigated to identify the etiologic origins of this multifactorial healthcare problem.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the U.S. Military Cancer Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: G Larry
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Chunqiao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Risinger
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: G Scott
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J Tate
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Thigpen
authors.forename: Gini F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Holly H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Gallion
authors.forename: Wendy R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Brewster
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data