title: Pyrolysis of mixtures of sewage sludge and manure: a comparison of the results obtained in the laboratory (semi-pilot) and in a pilot plant.
abstract: A pilot-scale pyrolysis process was carried out for the treatment of a mixture of two types of waste, sewage sludge and cattle manure, comparing the results with others obtained under laboratory conditions (semi-pilot scale). The aim of this study was to obtain the energetic valorization of the products. Owing to the specific characteristics of the plant, two products were obtained from the process: gas and carbonized solid. As no liquid fraction was obtained, the gas fraction is a greater percentage made up of both condensable and non-condensable compounds, which were obtained separately at the laboratory scale. The pilot plant was designed so that the gases produced by thermolysis were burnt continuously in a combustion chamber, while the carbonized fraction was fed in batches for co-combustion. To determine composition and combustion ability, the gas and solid products from the pilot process were characterized by chromatographic analysis of the gaseous fraction and chemical analysis and programmed-temperature combustion of the carbonized solid. The composition of the combustion gases, rich in light hydrocarbons, and the carbon present in the carbonized fraction enable the energetic valorization of these products. The combustion gases were subjected to a cleaning process and their composition analysed twice: before and after the gas cleaning treatment. The study led to a positive assessment of the possible use of the process products as fuel, provided that the combustion gases are treated. As most of the sulphur and chlorine from the original waste are mainly concentrated in the solid fraction, the use of char as a fuel will depend on the effectiveness of clean-up techniques for combustion gases. During gas cleansing, neutralizing with sodium bicarbonate proved effective, especially for the acidic compounds HCl, HF and SO(2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Natural Resources, University of León, Avenida de Portugal 41, 24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morán
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D017745:Incineration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007221:Industry; D007753:Laboratories; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D008372:Manure; D012722:Sewage; D002244:Carbon