title: The Korean American woman's nose: an in-depth nasal photogrammatic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the differences in nasal anthropometric measurements between Korean American women and North American white women and to perform an in-depth nasal index calculation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This anthropometric survey included a volunteer sample of Korean American women (n = 72) aged 18 to 35 years with Korean parents and no previous nasal surgery or trauma to the nose. Standardized and referenced frontal, lateral, and basal photographs of the nose were taken of the subjects and 22 standard anthropometric measurements of the nose were determined. Results were compared with published standards for North American white women. In addition, 18 nasal indices were calculated and compared with the published standards for North American white women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Korean American woman's nose did not fit the neoclassic facial canons. Compared with North American white women, 20 of 22 nasal measurements in Korean American women were found to be significantly different. Nasal indices also revealed significant differences in 16 of the 18 that were calculated. The Korean American woman's nose exhibits less rotation, has a flatter dorsum, and is more flared at the alae, with less definition of the nasal tip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average Korean American and North American white female nasal anthropometric measurements are very different. As cosmetic surgery becomes more popular among Asian Americans, our findings bolster the need for a broader view of facial analysis and transcultural aesthetics.
authors.affiliation: Laser Skin and Vein Center of Virginia, Virginia Beach, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Haresh R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yalamanchili
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Litner
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sclafani
authors.forename: Vito C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Quatela
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001213:Asian; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010780:Photogrammetry; D014481:United States; D044465:White People