title: QTL with pleiotropic effects on serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin maps to the baboon ortholog of human chromosome 6p23-21.3.
abstract: Bone ALP and OC are under partial genetic control. This study of 591 pedigreed baboons shows a QTL corresponding to human 6p23-21.3 that accounts for 25% (bone ALP) and 20% (OC) of the genetic variance. A gene affecting osteoblast activity, number, or recruitment likely resides in this area.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) reflect osteoblast activity. Both of these measures are under partial genetic control. Genetic effects on bone ALP have not been previously localized to chromosomal regions in primates, nor has the degree to which genetic effects are shared (pleiotropic) between bone ALP and OC been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We applied variance components methods to a sample of 591 adult pedigreed baboons to detect and quantify effects of genes that influence bone ALP and that have pleiotropic effects on bone ALP and OC. A univariate linkage analysis was conducted for bone ALP. Bivariate linkage analyses were conducted in areas for which the bone ALP results presented here and a previous univariate OC linkage analysis showed evidence for linkage on the same chromosome for both bone ALP and OC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for serum levels of bone ALP is evident on the baboon ortholog of human chromosomal region 6p (LOD 2.93). Thirty-seven percent (genetic correlation [rho(G)] = 0.61) of the genetic variance in bone ALP and OC is caused by pleiotropic effects of the same gene(s). Bivariate linkage analysis revealed a QTL in the region corresponding to human chromosome 6p23-21.3, with the strongest evidence for bivariate linkage near D6S422 (LOD = 2.97 at 22 cM from our pter-most marker). D6S422 maps to 20.4 Mb in the human genome. The QTL-specific heritability (h2) is 0.25 and 0.20 for bone ALP and OC, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first formal test for shared genetic effects on two serum markers of osteoblast activity indicates that a significant pleiotropic effect on bone ALP and OC levels, and thus on bone formation, is detectible. The fact that this region corresponds to one on mouse chromosome 13 that has repeatedly yielded QTLs for BMD should encourage more intensive study of the effect of genes in this region on bone maintenance and turnover.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78245-0549, USA. lhavill@darwin.sfbr.org
authors.forename: Lorena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Havill
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mahaney
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000235:genetics*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000201:enzymology*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000201:enzymology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D048529:Papio hamadryas; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci
chemical_list: D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase