title: Interventions to improve guideline compliance following coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lifestyle modification and appropriate medical therapy improve long-term outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Our institutional experience suggested that evidence-based recommendations were not being followed postdischarge after CABG. We undertook this study to document our rate of compliance with evidence-based guidelines and to correct deficiencies in our discharge practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven evidence-based interventions were studied after CABG: (1) institution of beta-blocker therapy, (2) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy, (3) aspirin, (4) lipid-lowering therapy, (5) smoking cessation intervention, (6) heart-healthy diet therapy, and (7) physical activity recommendations. The rate of compliance with guidelines in 50 control patients was measured at discharge. A multidisciplinary team including cardiac surgeons, nurses, dieticians, physical therapists, and clinical pharmacists evaluated the guideline compliance in the control group and developed interventions to assure guideline compliance at the time of discharge. A subsequent study group of 50 patients was then assessed prospectively to measure the guideline compliance after institution of intervention programs. The multidisciplinary team agreed on predefined acceptable compliance limits as follows: (1) >80% of patients receive ACE inhibitors at discharge, (2) 100% of patients receive beta-blockers, aspirin, and lipid-lowering agents at discharge, and (3) 100% of patients receive lifestyle modification counseling at discharge. Compliance with guidelines was defined as documentation in the medical record of provision of medications and lifestyle counseling at the time of discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the control group, the rate of guideline compliance was surprisingly low. Rates of compliance with guidelines increased significantly after the multidisciplinary interventions were undertaken.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that compliance with guidelines known to improve long-term outcome is suboptimal after CABG. A multidisciplinary intervention program can improve compliance with currently accepted guidelines and quality indicators in patients following CABG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Services, Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Felix K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Yam
authors.forename: Wendell S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Akers
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ferraris
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Chand
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramaiah
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000523:psychology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors