title: Technique for blepharoptosis correction using double-breasted orbicularis oculi muscle flaps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The technique that uses the orbicularis oculi muscle flap to elevate the upper eyelid has become a popular surgical alternative for blepharoptosis. This method is especially effective in cases of severe blepharoptosis with poor levator muscle function. In this technique, the superiorly based orbicularis oculi muscle flap (which is connected to the frontalis muscle anatomically) is advanced and attached to the tarsal plate, thus enabling dynamic elevation of the upper eyelid. However, a temporary period of lagophthalmos occurs with the original method. Although the problem is temporary, it typically lasts 2 to 6 months and may lead to serious eye emergencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a modification that eliminates lagophthalmos, which is the main drawback of the original technique. Two orbicularis oculi muscle flaps are created, one superiorly based and one inferiorly based. The inferiorly based flap corresponds to the strip of pretarsal orbicularis oculi that is considered "excess" and is discarded in other methods. Our aim with this modified technique is to preserve as much of the pretarsal part of the orbicularis oculi muscle as possible, and thus enable immediate tight eyelid closure postoperatively and achieve dynamic, powerful eyelid-opening action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have used this technique in 7 patients (11 eyelids total) during the past 5 years and have achieved favorable results. All 11 operated eyelids showed immediate tight closure postoperatively, as well as dynamic, powerful eyelid-opening action.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This operation is a good alternative for patients with severe ptosis who have insufficient levator function and for cases that have recurred after operations with other methods. Local native tissues are used and dynamic correction is achieved with a single incision. The need for intensive eye care is eliminated and there is less risk of corneal damage in the early postoperative period. Above all, this technique yields predictable eyelid-opening action.
authors.affiliation: Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ankara, Turkey. hborman@gmail.com
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borman
authors.forename: Tugrul
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome