title: Effects of perceptual and conceptual similarity in lexical priming of young children who stutter: preliminary findings.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of conceptual and perceptual properties of words on the speed and accuracy of lexical retrieval of children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) during a picture-naming task. Participants consisted of 13 3-5-year-old CWS and the same number of CWNS. All participants had speech, language, and hearing development within normal limits, with the exception of stuttering for CWS. Both talker groups participated in a picture-naming task where they named, one at a time, computer-presented, black-on-white drawings of common age-appropriate objects. These pictures were named during four auditory priming conditions: (a) a neutral prime consisting of a tone, (b) a word prime physically related to the target word, (c) a word prime functionally related to the target word, and (d) a word prime categorically related to the target word. Speech reaction time (SRT) was measured from the offset of presentation of the picture target to the onset of participant's verbal speech response. Results indicated that CWS were slower than CWNS across priming conditions (i.e., neutral, physical, function, category) and that the speed of lexical retrieval of CWS was more influenced by functional than perceptual aspects of target pictures named. Findings were taken to suggest that CWS tend to organize lexical information functionally more so than physically and that this tendency may relate to difficulties establishing normally fluent speech and language.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The reader will learn about and be able to (1) communicate the relevance of examining lexical retrieval in relation to childhood stuttering and (2) describe the method of measuring speech reaction times of accurate and fluent responses during a picture-naming task as a means of assessing lexical retrieval skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Bill Wilkerson Center, MCE South Tower, 1215 21st Avenue South, Suite 10322, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. kia.n.hartfield@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Kia N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Hartfield
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Conture
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003210:Concept Formation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012660:Semantics; D012923:Social Class; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013342:Stuttering / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis