title: Inhibition of filamentation can be used to treat disseminated candidiasis.
abstract: Candida albicans remains the leading causative agent of invasive fungal infection. Although the importance of filamentation in C. albicans pathogenesis has been extensively investigated, in vivo studies to date have been unable to dissect the role of this developmental process in the establishment of infection versus the development of active disease as characterized by damage to the host leading to mortality. To address this issue, we genetically engineered a C. albicans tet-NRG1 strain in which filamentation and virulence can be modulated both in vitro and in vivo simply by the presence or absence of doxycycline (DOX): this strain enabled us, in a prior study, to demonstrate that yeast-form cells were able to infect the deep organs but caused no disease unless filamentation (induced by the addition of DOX) was allowed to occur. In the present study, we examined whether inhibiting filamentation (by withdrawing the DOX) at 24 or 48 h postinfection could serve as an effective therapeutic intervention against candidiasis. The results obtained indicate that DOX removal led to an alteration in the morphology of the infecting fungal cells and a dramatic increase in survival, but as with conventional antifungal drug therapy regimens, mortality rates increased markedly the longer this intervention was delayed. These observations reinforce the importance of invasive filamentous growth in causing the damage to the host and the lethality associated with active disease and suggest this process could be fruitfully targeted for the development of new antifungal agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Saville
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lazzell
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fretzen
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monreal
authors.forename: Erik O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monteagudo
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ribot
authors.forename: G Todd
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Milne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007668:Kidney / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C117881:NRG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D004318:Doxycycline