title: Structural basis for substrate binding and regioselective oxidation of monosaccharides at C3 by pyranose 2-oxidase.
abstract: Pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox) participates in fungal lignin degradation by producing the H2O2 needed for lignin-degrading peroxidases. The enzyme oxidizes cellulose- and hemicellulose-derived aldopyranoses at C2 preferentially, but also on C3, to the corresponding ketoaldoses. To investigate the structural determinants of catalysis, covalent flavinylation, substrate binding, and regioselectivity, wild-type and mutant P2Ox enzymes were produced and characterized biochemically and structurally. Removal of the histidyl-FAD linkage resulted in a catalytically competent enzyme containing tightly, but noncovalently bound FAD. This mutant (H167A) is characterized by a 5-fold lower kcat, and a 35-mV lower redox potential, although no significant structural changes were seen in its crystal structure. In previous structures of P2Ox, the substrate loop (residues 452-457) covering the active site has been either disordered or in a conformation incompatible with carbohydrate binding. We present here the crystal structure of H167A in complex with a slow substrate, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Based on the details of 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose binding in position for oxidation at C3, we also outline a probable binding mode for D-glucose positioned for regioselective oxidation at C2. The tentative determinant for discriminating between the two binding modes is the position of the O6 hydroxyl group, which in the C2-oxidation mode can make favorable interactions with Asp452 in the substrate loop and, possibly, a nearby arginine residue (Arg472). We also substantiate our hypothesis with steady-state kinetics data for the alanine replacements of Asp452 and Arg472 as well as the double alanine 452/472 mutant.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kujawa
authors.forename: Heidemarie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leitner
authors.forename: B Martin
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.forename: Methinee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prongjit
authors.forename: Jeerus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sucharitakul
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rudsander
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peterbauer
authors.forename: Pimchai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaiyen
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haltrich
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Divne
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000201:enzymology; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011485:Protein Binding; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D009005:Monosaccharides; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C022489:pyranose oxidase