title: Effect of intestinal lymphatic circulation blockage in two-hit rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of blocking intestinal lymphatic circulation in two-hit rats and explore the significance of intestinal lymphatic circulation in two-hit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups: mesenteric lymph duct ligation group, non-ligation group and sham group. Mesenteric lymph was diverted by ligation of mesenteric lymph duct, and the two-hit model was established by hemorrhage and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) methods. All rats were sampled for serum pre-experiment and 24 h post-experiment. The organs including kidney, liver, lung and heart were collected for pathomorphologic observation and biochemical investigation. The nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in serum and tissue homogenate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathomorphology study showed that the structures of kidney, lung, liver and heart tissues were normal in sham group; congestion, degeneration and necrosis in non-ligation group; but only mild lesions in ligation group. After two-hits, the contents of AST, ALT, BUN, Cr and LDH-1 in the serum of non-ligation group and ligation group were obviously higher than that in pre-experiment group and sham group, but obviously lower than that in non-ligation group. The contents of NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-), NOS, iNOS and MDA in the serum of non-ligation group were significantly increased, compared with pre-experiment and sham group, but SOD was significantly lower. These parameters were significantly different in ligation group compared with that in sham group, but NO2-/NO3-, iNOS and MDA in ligation group were significantly lower than that in non-ligation group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ligation of mesenteric lymph duct could improve the disturbance of organic function and morphologic damage in two-hit rats; the lymphatic mechanism in two-hit should be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China. lijichen@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Chun-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Ji-Cheng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008026:Ligation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase