title: A novel reconstructive technique after endoscopic expanded endonasal approaches: vascular pedicle nasoseptal flap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with large dural defects of the anterior and ventral skull base after endonasal skull base surgery, there is a significant risk of a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak after reconstruction. Reconstruction with vascularized tissue is desirable to facilitate rapid healing, especially in irradiated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed a neurovascular pedicled flap of the nasal septum mucoperiosteum and mucoperichondrium based on the nasoseptal artery, a branch of the posterior septal artery (Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap [HBF]). A retrospective review of patients undergoing endonasal skull base surgery at the University of Rosario, Argentina, and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center was performed to identify patients who were reconstructed with a vascularized septal mucosal flap.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients undergoing endonasal cranial base surgery were repaired with the septal mucosal flap. Two patients with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks (5%) were successfully treated with focal fat grafts. We encountered no infectious or wound complications in this series of patients. One patient experienced a posterior nose bleed from the posterior nasal artery. This was controlled with electrocautery and the flap blood supply was preserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HBF is a versatile and reliable reconstructive technique for defects of the anterior, middle, clival, and parasellar skull base. Its use has resulted in a sharp decrease in the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks after endonasal skull base surgery and is recommended for the reconstruction of large dural defects and when postoperative radiation therapy is anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Medical School of Ciudad de Rosario, Provincia de Santa Fe, Republica Argentina.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hadad
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bassagasteguy
authors.forename: Ricardo L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Carrau
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mataza
authors.forename: Amin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassam
authors.forename: Carl H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Snyderman
authors.forename: Arlan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mintz
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D010521:Periosteum / Q000637:transplantation; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D016896:Treatment Outcome