title: Long-term fatty fish consumption and renal cell carcinoma incidence in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The epidemiological evidence that fatty fish consumption may be associated with the lower risk of several cancers is not consistent and no studies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exist.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between fatty and lean fish consumption and risk of RCC in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Swedish Mammography Cohort, a population-based prospective cohort study of 61,433 women aged 40 to 76 years without previous diagnosis of cancer at baseline (March 1, 1987-December 14, 1990). Participants filled in a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and in September 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean of 15.3 years (940,357 person-years) of follow-up between 1987 and 2004, 150 incident RCC cases were diagnosed. After adjustment for potential confounders, an inverse association of fatty fish consumption with the risk of RCC was found (P for trend = .02), but no association was found with lean fish consumption. Compared with no consumption, the multivariate rate ratio (RR) was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.91) for women eating fatty fish once a week or more. Compared with women consistently reporting no fish consumption, the multivariate RR was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.10-0.67) for those women reporting consistent consumption of fatty fish at baseline and 1997 (based on a subset of 36 664 women who filled in the baseline and 1997 questionnaires, with 40 incident RCC cases during the 1998-2004 follow-up period).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that consumption of fatty fish may reduce the occurrence of RCC in women.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. alicja.wolk@ki.se
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: Susanna C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D017747:Seafood; D013548:Sweden