title: Expression of the HSPA2 gene in ejaculated spermatozoa from adolescents with and without varicocele.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate mRNA expression of the HSPA2 gene in ejaculated spermatozoa in adolescents with and without varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in an academic research environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescent patients with clinical diagnosed bilateral varicocele grades II and III, and adolescent patients without varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of HSPA2 gene expression in adolescents with and without varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative RT-PCR expression analysis of HSPA2 gene mRNA, compared to the housekeeping beta-actin gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sperm from adolescents with varicocele and oligozoospermia had significantly lower levels of HSPA2 gene expression than both adolescents without varicocele (controls) and adolescents with varicocele and normal sperm concentration (P<.05). The latter group had a nonsignificant increase in gene expression compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on HSPA2 gene expression in ejaculated spermatozoa from adolescents and its relationship with varicocele pathology. Results demonstrated that HSPA2 expression was down-regulated in adolescents with varicocele and oligozoospermia compared to controls. There was a higher, albeit nonsignificant, gene expression in adolescents with varicocele and normal sperm concentration than in controls. We speculate that expression levels of this gene might be used as a molecular marker for the acquisition of thermal tolerance in ejaculated spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, São Paulo Federal University, São Paulo, Brazil. samirabl@uol.com.br <samirabl@uol.com.br>
authors.forename: Samira Barbosa
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Marcos Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cenedeze
authors.forename: Ricardo Pimenta
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bertolla
authors.forename: Pericles Assad Hassun
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oehninger
authors.forename: Agnaldo Pereira
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Cedenho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004542:Ejaculation; D015870:Gene Expression; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000378:metabolism*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C091879:HSPA2 protein, human