title: Targeted delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide and small interference RNA into lung cancer cells.
abstract: Selective gene inhibition by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS-ODN) or by small interference RNA (siRNA) therapeutics promises the treatment of diseases that cannot be cured by conventional drugs. However, antisense therapy is hindered due to poor stability in physiological fluids and limited intracellular uptake. To address these problems, a ligand targeted and sterically stabilized nanoparticle formulation has been developed in our lab. Human lung cancer cells often overexpress the sigma receptor and, thus, can be targeted with a specific ligand such as anisamide. AS-ODN or siRNA against human survivin was mixed with a carrier DNA, calf thymus DNA, before complexing with protamine, a highly positively charged peptide. The resulting particles were coated with cationic liposomes consisting of DOTAP and cholesterol (1:1, molar ratio) to obtain LPD (liposome-polycation-DNA) nanoparticles. Ligand targeting and steric stabilization were then introduced by incubating preformed LPD nanoparticles with DSPE-PEG-anisamide, a PEGylated ligand lipid developed earlier in our lab, by the postinsertion method. Nontargeted nanoparticles coated with DSPE-PEG were also prepared as a control. Antisense activities of nanoparticles were determined by survivin mRNA down-regulation, survivin protein down-regulation, ability to trigger apoptosis in tumor cells, tumor cell growth inhibition, and chemosensitization of the treated tumor cells to anticancer drugs. We found that tumor cell delivery and antisense activity of PEGylated nanoparticles were sequence dependent and rely on the presence of anisamide ligand. The uptake of oligonucleotide in targeted, PEGylated nanoparticles could be competed by excess free ligand. Our results suggest that the ligand targeted and sterically stabilized nanoparticles can provide a selective delivery of AS-ODN and siRNA into lung cancer cells for therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Shyh-Dar
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Leaf
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008081:Liposomes; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077022:Survivin; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008081:Liposomes; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000077022:Survivin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004247:DNA