title: New indications for botulinum toxin in rheumatology.
abstract: Previously known only as a deadly bacterial poison responsible for severe paralysis, botulinum toxin is now a well-recognized therapeutic agent used to relieve involuntary movements, dystonia-related functional impairments, spasticity, and autonomic disorders such as hyperhidrosis. Musculoskeletal pain in patients with rheumatic disorders is among the emerging indications for botulinum toxin therapy. Preliminary data have been obtained in patients with cervical or thoracolumbar myofascial pain syndrome, chronic low back pain, piriformis muscle syndrome, tennis elbow, and stiff person syndrome. At present, the effects of botulinum toxin and its use for pain relief remain controversial. Carefully designed prospective trials are needed to investigate the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin in pain disorders.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Diseases and Investigations, Jean-Minjoz Teaching Hospital, 3, boulevard Fleming, 25030 Besancon cedex, France. guy.monnier@univ-fcomte.fr
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monnier
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tatu
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michel
mesh_terms: D018771:Arthralgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins