title: Abstinence, anticipation, reduction, and treatment (AART): a stepwise approach to the management of atypical antipsychotic side effects.
abstract: Antipsychotic medications, specifically the atypical agents, serve as first-line treatment options for patients with psychotic disorders, including individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Atypical antipsychotics are also often prescribed off-label as either the primary treatment or as an adjunctive treatment for individuals with other disorders, including mood disorders without psychosis, behavioral disorders, and insomnia. Despite the generally superior side-effect profiles of atypical antipsychotics compared with typical antipsychotic agents, the atypicals have been associated with a number of serious side effects, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, seizures, hyperprolactinemia, and movement disorders. This article offers a stepwise approach to the management of antipsychotic side effects: Abstinence, Anticipation, Reduction, and Treatment (AART). The steps in AART are hierarchical, but often overlap in the areas of risk prevention and minimization. The authors discuss issues relevant to each level of intervention and provide suggestions for integrating the AART approach into a comprehensive treatment plan. By incorporating this stepwise approach into their clinical decision-making process, prescribers may be able to optimize the risk:benefit ratio associated with the prescription of atypical antipsychotics.
authors.affiliation: VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tapp
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Nael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kilzieh
authors.forename: Amanda Ernst
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008487:Medical History Taking; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents