title: Recurrent diving-related inner ear barotrauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present two cases of recurrent diving-related inner ear barotrauma (IEB) and to discuss the possible cause and pathogenesis of the increased inner ear vulnerability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two scuba divers suffering from repeated cochleovestibular barotrauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurotological evaluation, perilymphatic fistulae repair, and conservative treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The increasing popularity of scuba diving expose the individuals involved in this sport to unique pathologies that are not common under terrestrial conditions. The otolaryngologist who is involved in the care of these patients is required to diagnose and treat diving-related ear injuries and to consider the risk for recurrent inner ear injury when diving is resumed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IEB carries a risk for permanent hearing loss and chronic vestibulopathy. We recommend complete neurotological evaluation including high-resolution CT of the temporal bones as a routine workup for IEB. The presence of a significant residual sensorineural hearing loss, evidence for noncompensated vestibular damage, and CT findings of possible enhanced cerebrospinal fluid-perilymph connection should be considered when a return to diving activity is considered.
authors.affiliation: The Otoneurology Unit, Lin and Carmel Medical Centers, Haifa, Israel. shupak@internet-zahav.net
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shupak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001469:Barotrauma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003052:Cochlear Aqueduct / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014717:Vertigo / Q000209:etiology