title: Long ciliary processes with no ciliary sulcus and appositional angle closure assessed by ultrasound biomicroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonpupil block mechanisms and appositional angle closure after laser iridotomy (LI) have been reported as common findings in Asians. We evaluated the presence of these findings in a cohort of Brazilian patients using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational case-control study included 22 open angle eyes and 31 eyes with occludable angles on gonioscopy (defined by 2 examiners). UBM radial scans through a typical ciliary process were obtained in both light and dark conditions, at 6 and 12-o'clock positions. Long ciliary processes with no ciliary sulcus were determined on the basis of a reference line drawn perpendicular to the iris plane passing through a point located 750 mum from scleral spur. Trabecular ciliary processes distance was measured on 6-o'clock UBM images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After LI, 52% of occludable angle eyes had appositional angle closure in both 6 and 12-o'clock UBM images. We also observed this finding in 14% and 23% of the control eyes (in 6 and 12-o'clock UBM images, respectively). A long ciliary process with no ciliary sulcus was observed in 61% of occludable angle eyes, and also in 32% of control eyes (6-o'clock UBM images). Control eyes had longer trabecular ciliary processes distance than occludable angle eyes (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UBM finding of long ciliary processes associated with the absence of ciliary sulcus is not necessarily related to an anterior positioning of the ciliary processes. Whether UBM appositional angle closure after LI is associated with further angle closure process and/or poor intra-ocular pressure control remains to be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. zmsakata@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Lisandro Massanori
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Susanna
authors.forename: Viviane Mayumi
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trancoso
authors.forename: Julio Deleon
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.forename: Roberto Freire Santiago
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Malta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001699:Biometry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007498:Iris / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies