title: Fate of anterior capsule tears during cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of anterior capsule tears, at what stage of surgery they occurred, and their intraoperative behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory surgery center, Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This 5-year retrospective study was of patients having phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation complicated by unplanned peripheral extension of the capsulorhexis tear or a radial anterior capsule tear. The operative notes and a videotape of the surgery were reviewed. The stage at which the tear was initially observed and when it extended were identified, as was whether the tear extended to the posterior capsule. Anterior vitrectomy and the design and location of the IOL implanted were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A discontinuous anterior capsulorhexis or a break in the anterior capsule rim was observed in 21 eyes of 2646 cases, for an overall incidence of 0.79%. Anterior capsule tears were identified during ophthalmic viscosurgical device injection in 1 eye, capsulorhexis in 13 eyes, hydrodissection in 2 eyes, phacoemulsification in 3 eyes, irrigation/aspiration (I/A) in 1 eye, and implantation of a prosthetic iris device in 1 eye. Seven of the 13 tears identified during the capsulorhexis were managed by redirecting the second edge of the "safety" capsulorhexis to incorporate the tear. In 14 eyes, the tear in the anterior capsule extended into the zonules; 4 of these tears were limited. Ten tears extended around the equator and through the posterior capsule, occurring during the hydrodissection in 1 eye, phacoemulsification in 2 eyes, I/A in 1 eye, and IOL implantation in 6 eyes. An anterior vitrectomy was required in 4 eyes that had posterior capsule involvement. Endocapsular fixation of a 1-piece acrylic IOL was achieved in 18 eyes. Three eyes required implantation of a 3-piece acrylic IOL in the ciliary sulcus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extension of an anterior capsule tear can complicate cataract surgery at any stage. Extension of the tear through the posterior capsule occurred in almost half the eyes with an anterior capsule tear, often requiring an anterior vitrectomy. Managing an anterior capsule tear can be challenging yet compatible with implantation of a posterior chamber IOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederico F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Daniela M V
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Osher
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Osher
mesh_terms: D019923:Capsulorhexis / Q000009:adverse effects; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007903:Lens Capsule, Crystalline / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture; D014821:Vitrectomy