title: Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus 2 infection in vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of viral and bacterial co-infection is stressed in VIN. A view that VIN is a sexually transmitted disease made the area of research larger and stimulated scientists to seek other sexually transmitted factors, among which Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex are frequently examined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of HPV DNA and the frequency of co-infection with Herpes virus type 2 and Chlamydia trachomatis in VIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified archival diagnostic phase tissue specimens from 41 cases of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III. From the same paraffin blocks containing material from the margins of surgical sections during vulvectomy, normal epithelial tissue fragments were collected. They constituted the control group. Lesion characteristics were examined in comparison with the presence of HPV DNA, HSV-2 and Chlamydia trachomatsis. Identification was performed using PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study group HPV infection was found in 75.6% of cases. In 73% of cases it was HPV 16. In the control group we found HPV 16 DNA in only one case (2.43%). In the HPV positive study group HPV 16 was found in 30 (30/31) cases. In only one case (1/31) it was HPV 18 type. In the study group of 41 cases with VIN, HSV-2 infection was found in six cases (14.63%). In comparison with the control group (9.75%) the difference was not statistically significant. The frequency of occurrence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the analyzed study material was 14.63% (6/41) and in the control group it was 9.75% (4/41). The difference was not statistically significant. Statistical analyses of correlations between the occurrence of DNA HPV and HSV-2 as well as of HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis showed no correlation in either case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No correlation was found between the frequency of occurrence of HPV and HSV-2 and HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis in either group.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skubiszewski University School of Medicine, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwaśniewska
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korobowicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Visconti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zdunek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szymańiski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goździcka-Józefiak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000502:physiology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral