title: Study of the three-way interaction between Trichoderma atroviride, plant and fungal pathogens by using a proteomic approach.
abstract: The main molecular factors involved in the complex interactions occurring between plants (bean), two different fungal pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani) and an antagonistic strain of the genus Trichoderma were investigated. Two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis was used to analyze separately collected proteomes from each single, two- or three-partner interaction (i.e., plant, pathogenic and antagonistic fungus alone and in all possible combinations). Differential proteins were subjected to mass spectrometry and in silico analysis to search for homologies with known proteins. In the plant proteome, specific pathogenesis-related proteins and other disease-related factors (i.e., potential resistance genes) seem to be associated with the interaction with either one of the two pathogens and/or T. atroviride. This finding is in agreement with the demonstrated ability of Trichoderma spp. to induce systemic resistance against various microbial pathogens. On the other side, many differential proteins obtained from the T. atroviride interaction proteome showed interesting homologies with a fungal hydrophobin, ABC transporters, etc. Virulence factors, like cyclophilins, were up-regulated in the pathogen proteome during the interaction with the plant alone or with the antagonist too. We isolated and confidently identified a large number of protein factors associated to the multi-player interactions examined.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Arboricoltura, Botanica e Patologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici (NA), Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vinale
authors.forename: Sheridan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Michelina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruocco
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciliento
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lanzuise
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferraioli
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soriente
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gigante
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Turrà
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fogliano
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scala
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorito
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020171:Botrytis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027805:Phaseolus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020543:Proteome