title: Survival after neoadjuvant therapy compared with surgery alone for resectable esophageal cancer in a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophagectomy remains the standard treatment for resectable esophageal cancer, but the cure rate is low. Neoadjuvant therapy has been tried in attempts to prolong survival and reduce tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes with and without neoadjuvant treatment for resectable esophageal cancer in a population-based setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 1,155 patients treated with esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in Sweden in 1987 through 2000 with or without neoadjuvant therapy were identified and followed up in nationwide registers up to 18 October 2004. Tumor characteristics and response to neoadjuvant treatment were obtained from histopathological reports. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potential confounding factors were calculated by a Cox proportional hazards regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall survival was similar in the groups with and without neoadjuvant therapy (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.86-1.16). The 3-year survival rates were 34.6% and 32.0%, respectively. Survival was better among the 27.6% of the neoadjuvant group with a complete histopathological response (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53-0.94) compared with the surgery only group. Patients without complete response to neoadjuvant therapy had seemingly poorer survival (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94-1.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical outcomes with and without neoadjuvant therapy were equivalent. Only patients with a complete histopathological response after neoadjuvant treatment had better survival.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Esophageal and Gastric Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ioannis.rouvelas@ki.se
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rouvelas
authors.forename: Wenyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindblad
authors.forename: Pernilla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viklund
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagergren
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors