title: MMP-2 expression associates with CA 125 and clinical course in endometrial carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases have long been associated with aggressive behavior of several malignancies, but their role in endometrial cancer has not been conclusively established. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) as prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma and their association with CA 125 and other conventional prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunoreactive proteins were evaluated from primary tumors of endometrial carcinoma in 266 specimens by using a specific monoclonal antibody in immunohistochemical stainings. The median follow-up time was 79 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was found in 88% and 70% of the primary tumors, respectively. Positive MMP-2 immunostaining was associated with a shortened recurrence-free (P=0.04) and cancer-specific survival (P=0.05). MMP-2 negativity was linked with a favorable prognosis; only one patient developed recurrent disease and died during the follow-up. Preoperative serum levels of CA 125 were higher in the patients presenting with tumors positive for MMP-2 than in those with negative immunostaining (P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that MMP-2 is linked with biologically aggressive nature of this cancer type. It seems that MMP-2, but not MMP-9, has some prognostic value in endometrial carcinoma. However, the conventional prognostic markers are superior to MMP-2 in assessing aggressive behavior and cancer-specific survival in endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PO Box 5000, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honkavuori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talvensaari-Mattila
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9