title: Activation of CD36 inhibits and induces regression of inflammatory corneal neovascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to investigate the role of the antiangiogenic receptor CD36 during inflammatory corneal neovascularization (CNV).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a murine model of inflammatory CNV, CD36 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Mice subjected to CNV were treated topically (thrice daily) with CD36 functionally neutralizing antibodies against the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and thrombospondin (TSP)-1 sites (clones JC63.1 and FA6-152, respectively). Neovascularization was analyzed by CD31-immunostained corneal flatmounts. The role of the less characterized oxLDL site during angiogenesis was elucidated by using the CD36 ligand 1-palmitoyl 2-(5'-oxovaleroyl) phosphatidylcholine (POVPC; 50, 100 microg/mL) 24 hours after corneal injury for 7 days, whereas in angioregressive studies, POVPC treatments were initiated 10 days after induction of CNV. In this process, VEGF expression was also studied. Effects of CD36 activation were further examined ex vivo using the mouse aortic ring assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD36 expression was upregulated after corneal injury; CD36 was expressed in corneal epithelium, limbus, invading microvessels, and stromal macrophages. Blocking CD36 activity with FA6-152 significantly increased CNV (P <0.001). Conversely, activating CD36 with POVPC dose dependently inhibited CNV (P = 0.003); this effect was blocked by JC61.3. POVPC also significantly regressed preformed blood vessels (P < 0.001). Ex vivo experiments on aortic rings confirmed the angioinhibitory and -regressive effects of POVPC. Because corneal macrophages express CD36 and may partake in angiogenesis via VEGF-A secretion, we surmised that VEGF-A could be modulated by CD36. Indeed, POVPC downregulated VEGF-A expression in a time-dependent fashion (P < 0.001), whereas FA6-152 induced its expression (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD36 is involved both physiologically and pharmacologically in inhibition and regression of CNV, by direct effect on endothelial cells and partly by negatively regulating VEGF expression in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Bupe R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Mwaikambo
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sennlaub
authors.forename: Huy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chemtob
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000502:physiology*; D065306:Corneal Injuries; D016510:Corneal Neovascularization / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010742:Phospholipid Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C400184:1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010742:Phospholipid Ethers; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse