title: Self-reinforced ciprofloxacin-releasing polylactide-co-glycolide 80/20 inhibits attachment and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis: an in vitro study.
abstract: We have observed the efficiency of antibiotic-releasing polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) 80/20 in preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in vitro. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of self-reinforced (SR) implants with enhanced antibiotic release on bacterial attachment and biofilm formation rates, and also on growth inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Cylindrical SR-PLGA+AB specimens (length 30 mm, diameter 3 mm) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for attachment of S. epidermidis ATCC 35989 on biomaterial surface and formation of biofilm, after incubating with bacterial suspension of ca. 10 cfu/mL for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. SR-PLGA and SR-PLGA+AB implants were tested on agar plates by measuring the inhibition distance around implants. On the surface of SR-PLGA+AB, at days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21, the percentage of areas with not a single bacteria attached, was 88.6%, 71.1%, 73.7%, 73.7%, and 68.4%, respectively. On the areas where bacteria were detected, the number of bacterial cells remained low during whole study period, and no significant increase by time was seen. There was no biofilm observed on 97-99% of the examined areas during the whole study period on SR-PLGA+AB. In agar plates, the SR-PLGA+AB showed inhibition of bacterial growth, with (mean) 53.2 mm diameter of inhibition area with peeled implants and 50.5 mm with non-peeled implants. There was no inhibition seen around implants without ciprofloxacin. Bioabsorbable ciprofloxacin-releasing self-reinforced PLGA (SR-PLGA+AB) was superior to plain SR-PLGA in preventing bacterial attachment, biofilm formation, and also the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. nureddin.ashammakhi@tut.fi
authors.forename: Sanna-Mari
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Satu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Länsman
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikäheimo
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veiranto
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suokas
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Törmälä
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Syrjälä
authors.forename: Nureddin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashammakhi
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin