title: [BRAF initiating mutations in the papillary thyroid carcinoma].
abstract: Among genetic alterations most important for the initiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is mutation T1799A in the BRAF gene which is the most frequent event (54.5%) in this type of thyroid cancer. It is seen in all stages, from microcarcinoma through clinically overt disease to anaplastic cancer. It has been shown that BRAF mutation is correlated with PTC histotype. It is identified most frequently in classical PTC and in tall cell variant. Moreover, BRAF mutation is described more often in older patients, whereas in young patients RET/PTC rearrangements dominate. In PTC cases with BRAF mutation V600E the prognosis is poorer, with more cancer invasiveness, metastasis and recurrence. The presence of BRAF mutation is related to the specific gene expression signature, different than in cancer cases showing RET/PTC rearrangement or no known initiating mutation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology MSC Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice. drusinek@io.gliwice.pl
authors.forename: Dagmara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rusinek
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gubała
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015321:Gene Rearrangement / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000378:metabolism; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015514:Oncogene Proteins, Fusion; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C099282:RET protein, human; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D018631:ras Proteins