Biomechanical comparison of double-loaded suture anchors using arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches versus traditional transosseous suture technique and modified Mason-Allen stitches for rotator cuff repair.
BACKGROUND
In recent studies objective evaluations have demonstrated that arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs can have higher failure rates than open repairs. Thus, there is a need for a stronger tissue-holding stitch for arthroscopical repair. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of traditional open transosseous suture technique and modified Mason-Allen stitches versus double-loaded suture anchors and arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches in rotator cuff repair.


METHODS
In 20 sheep shoulders the infraspinatus tendons were dissected from their insertion and were randomized to 2 repair groups: (1) repair with transosseous suture and modified Mason-Allen stitches, (2) repair with double loaded bioabsorbable suture anchors and arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches: Both groups were coupled with braided, nonabsorbable polyester (Ethibond) suture sized USP No. 2. All repairs were cyclically loaded from 10 to 180N with the use of a materials testing machine. The number of cycles to gap formation of 5 and 10mm at the repair site and the mode of failure were recorded.


RESULTS
The number of cycles to 5-mm gap was mean 634 (SD 106) for group 1 and mean 750 (SD 107) for group 2 (P<0.026). The corresponding values to 10-mm gap were mean 1573 (SD 161) for group 1, and mean 1789 (SD 183 cycles) for group 2 (P<0.012). In group 2 the mode of failure occurred by tissue pull-out, whereas in group 1 the failure occurred by a mixture of suture breakage and pull-out.


CONCLUSIONS
This time-zero study demonstrates that the combination of bioabsorbable suture anchors and arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches provides strength superior to that of the modified Mason-Allen transosseous suture technique under isometric cyclic loading conditions. However, additional evaluation is needed to examine the effects on the sustained strength of the repair throughout the healing process.
Klinger
Hans-Michael
HM
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany. michael.klinger@med.uni-goettingen.de
Steckel
Hanno
H
Spahn
Gunter
G
Buchhorn
Gottfried H
GH
Baums
Mike H
MH
D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011897:Random Allocation; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012756:Sheep; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D053441:Suture Anchors; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D014945:Wound Healing