title: Hepatitis B virus promotes angiopoietin-2 expression in liver tissue: role of HBV x protein.
abstract: The progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is related to fibrosis and to the emergence of intrahepatic anomalous vascular structures. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein transactivator (HBx) may play a significant role in both processes. To analyze how HBV induces vascular growth and remodeling in vivo, we assessed the expression of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) in liver biopsies from CHB patients by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry because of the relevant role of Ang2 in vascular development, remodeling, and tumor promotion. In addition, we analyzed the influence of HBx in the expression of Ang2 in HBx-expressing hepatocyte cell lines and in hepatic stellate cells stimulated with conditional medium from HBx-hepatocytes. Ang2 expression was clearly up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels in the liver of CHB patients, showing an intense staining of inflammatory infiltrates and vascular structures at inflamed portal areas. HBx-expressing hepatocytes and stimulated stellate cells showed a significant induction of Ang2 expression. PI3K inhibitor and antioxidants repressed the 64-kd Ang2 form but further enhanced the inflammation-related 50-kd molecular species. Therefore, HBx could account for the induction of Ang2 observed in CHB, especially the 50-kd form, contributing to pathological angiogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma progression.
authors.affiliation: Hepatology (Planta 3), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Diego de León 62, E-28006, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanz-Cameno
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martín-Vílchez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lara-Pezzi
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Borque
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñoz de Rueda
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Solís
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Cabrera
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno-Otero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D042702:Angiopoietin-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
chemical_list: D042702:Angiopoietin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015534:Trans-Activators; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins; C057628:hepatitis B virus X protein