title: Implication of "Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule" in the hippocampal neurogenesis of ischemic monkeys.
abstract: Molecular signals regulating adult neurogenesis in primates are largely unknown. Here the authors used differential display to analyze gene expression changes that occur in dentate gyrus of adult monkeys after transient global cerebral ischemia. Among 14 genes upregulated, the authors focused on Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) known to play crucial role during neuronal development, and characterized its expression pattern at the protein level. In contrast with approximately threefold upregulation of Dscam gene on days 5 and 7, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses using specific antibodies showed a gradual decrease of DSCAM after ischemia until day 9 followed by recovery on day 15. In the control, immunofluorescence reactivity of DSCAM was detected in dentate gyrus granule cells and CA4 neurons but decreased after ischemia, being compatible with the immunoblotting data. However, in the subgranular zone, cerebral ischemia led to a marked increase of DSCAM-positive cells on days 9 and 15. DSCAM upregulation was seen in two cell types: one is immature neurons positive for polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule or betaIII-tubulin, while another is astrocytes positive for S100beta. Young astrocytes were in intimate contact with newly generated neurons in the subgranular zone. These data suggest implication of DSCAM in the adult neurogenesis of primate hippocampus upregulated after ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Neurosurgery, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan. yamashim@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsumori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashima
authors.forename: Boryana K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Popivanova
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakayama
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawamoto
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Chifumi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mukaida
authors.forename: Anton B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Tonchev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C110833:DSCAM protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D012794:Sialic Acids; C103469:polysialyl neural cell adhesion molecule