title: Values of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and Staphylococcus-specific PCR in neonatal late-onset sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the predictive value of relevant clinical and laboratory parameters (complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and Staphylococcus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) in neonates with suspected late-onset sepsis (LOS).
  
  
  METHODS
  NICU neonates were prospectively followed for septic events. One hundred and eleven neonates developed 148 suspected septic events beyond 3 d of age. We recorded the clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities at onset of sepsis, serum CRP and PCT, Staphylococcus-specific PCR, microbiological data, and empiric antimicrobial therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variables significantly associated with subsequently confirmed LOS included hypotension (relative risk (RR) = 5.6, 95% CI 3.29-9.53), mechanical ventilation (RR = 2.46, 95% CI 1.24-4.86), immature/total neutrophil ratio (I/T) > 0.2 (RR = 5.13, 95% CI 2.54-10.31), CRP > 1.0 mg/dl (RR = 2.85, 95% CI 1.32-6.15), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) status (RR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.03-4.38). PCT was not significantly associated with LOS. For detection of staphylococcal bacteremia, Staphylococcus-specific PCR showed: sensitivity 57.1%, specificity 94.7%, positive predictive value 53.3%, and negative predictive value 95.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypotension, mechanical ventilation, I/T > 0.2, CRP > 1.0 mg/dl, and SGA status at onset of sepsis are significant predictors of proven neonatal LOS. Staphylococcus-specific PCR might be of value in ruling out staphylococcal sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Meyer Children's Hospital and Rambam Medical Center, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. makhoul@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Imad R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Makhoul
authors.forename: Afeefi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yacoub
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smolkin
authors.forename: Polo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sujov
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kassis
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sprecher
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D011498:Protein Precursors; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide