title: Effects of an enamel matrix derivative on human osteoblasts and PDL cells grown in organoid cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate cellular effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in human derived, primary osteoblasts and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells grown in organoid cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell replication was assessed by BrdU-incorporation. [(3)H]-proline incorporation was measured to determine the synthesis of proline-containing proteins, such as collagen. In addition, calcium accumulation and alkaline-phosphatase-activity were quantified. Electron microscopy for morphological analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that EMD enhances BrdU-incorporation in PDL cells and osteoblasts. Also, in osteoblast organoid cultures [3H]-proline incorporation was 3-fold increased (P < .01). Extensive matrix deposition was noted in osteoblast cultures by electron microscopy. In osteoblasts, high levels of calcium accumulation and alkaline-phosphatase-activity were found. However, EMD did not promote mineralization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that under organoid culture conditions EMD is able to promote the synthesis of proline-containing proteins such as collagen but not matrix mineralization of primary human osteoblastic cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty Charité, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany. npischon@charite.de
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pischon
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bernimoulin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hägewald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D055232:Proline-Rich Protein Domains; D014074:Tooth Calcification / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine