title: Haplotype analysis and a novel allele-sharing method refines a chromosome 4p locus linked to bipolar affective disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are common conditions. Their causes are unknown, but they include a substantial genetic component. Previously, we described significant linkage of BPAD to a chromosome 4p locus within a large pedigree (F22). Others subsequently have found evidence for linkage of BPAD and SCZ to this region.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed high-resolution haplotypes for four linked families, calculated logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores, and developed a novel method to assess the extent of allele sharing within genes between the families.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe an increase in the F22 LOD score for this region. Definition and comparison of the linked haplotypes allowed us to prioritize two subregions of 3.8 and 4.4 Mb. Analysis of the extent of allele sharing within these subregions identified 200 kb that shows increased allele sharing between families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linkage of BPAD to chromosome 4p has been strengthened. Haplotype analysis in the additional linked families refined the 20-Mb linkage region. Development of a novel allele-sharing method allowed us to bridge the gap between conventional linkage and association studies. Description of a 200-kb region of increased allele sharing prioritizes this region, which contains two functional candidate genes for BPAD, SLC2A9, and WDR1, for subsequent studies.
authors.affiliation: Medical Genetics Section, School of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Hellard
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Pippa A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Stewart W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Helen S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Torrance
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Pau
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christoforou
authors.forename: Lorna M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Houlihan
authors.forename: Sevilla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Detera-Wadleigh
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asherson
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: Douglas H R
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Blackwood
authors.forename: Naomi R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Wray
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Porteous
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics*; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010375:Pedigree; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011159:Population Surveillance