title: Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology: patterns among American Indian adolescents in substance abuse treatment.
abstract: In this study the authors examined the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and trauma symptomatology among a sample of 89 American Indian adolescents in a residential substance abuse treatment program. These youths reported an average of 4.1 lifetime traumas, with threat of injury and witnessing injury being most common; molestation, rape, and sexual attack were least common. Approximately 10% of participants met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for full PTSD, and about 14% met the criteria for subthreshold PTSD. Molestation (including rape and sexual attack), experiencing 6 or more traumas, and a diagnosis of abuse of or dependence on stimulants were significantly associated with PTSD. Findings indicated that trauma was a pervasive phenomenon among this population, with sexual traumas being particularly stigmatizing, resulting in high rates of posttraumatic symptomatology, specifically PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6480, USA. pam.deters@uaf.edu
authors.forename: Pamela B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Deters
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Novins
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fickenscher
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beals
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011902:Rape / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012114:Residential Treatment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014481:United States; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D013287:Illicit Drugs